‘ justly .1“ “THE FARII/[ER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE THAN FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST LMPROVED.” VOL. XVIII, N0. 3. LANSING, MICHIGAN, APRIL 15, 1893. wuorr N0. 4106.’ A RIGHTEOUS LAW. Paper read at Cass City institute. Feb. 1311. 1d93 ‘ by Hon. Enos Goodrich, Eostoria. Mich. Three years ago it appeared that about three-fifths of all the farms of the county were under n1ort- gage. Perhaps it is fair to pre- sume the ratio holds good today, and that these mortgages amount to half the value of the land they cover. The assessed value of our county is not far from ten millions of dollars, and if the preceding premises are correct not three million dollars worth of our farms is passed away by mortgage deed to the money lender. Heretofore and up to the last session of our legislature the farmers were com- pelled to pay the whole tax on the full amount of all this mortgaged property. I will not stultify my- self by producing argument to prove that this practice was wick- edly unjust. It was agross and grievous wrong which it would seem that no one could have the audacity to vindicate. How it was that our law makers whose duty itwas to guard the interests of the people should have suffered the years to roll on without apply- ing the remedy is beyond my com- prehension. But our last legisla- ture came nobly to the rescue. The mortgage tax law of 1891 was and is one of the most right- eous laws that ever graced the statute books of our state. It I3}1ll11t3‘1‘I’!'_L-‘-'lUt‘7l§ from shoulder? of the debtor the tax on that part of the property that he did not own and placed it on the holder of the mortgage where it honestly belongs. » It empowered the debtor to pay it and take the tax gatherer’s receipt, which was :' made a legal tender upon the interest or principal of the mort- gage. But which of you ever knew a good thing to be enacted for the farmers, but what one-half of them would do their best to kick it over? You have heard the hue and cry raised against this righteous law by the partisan press. You have heard the threats of some Shylock money lenders that in future they will grind the face of the poor by withholding their money unless the borrowers would agree to pay the tax, and I regret to say you have seen many a terror stricken poor man consent to their unright- eous demand. Need I tell you in the most emphatic terms that this is wrong‘? 1 have said to my friends, and I desire here to proclaim it, that the vaults of our country's savings banks now hold millions of idle money, whose owners would will- ingly invest at a low rate of inter- est on good security, and if farm- ers would be firm and stand to- gether in support of their rights they would come out victorious. But they won’t do it. Some of them will break and fly like an un- disciplined army, and those who stand alone become disheartened, and surrender their rights. Who would think that even now our Legislature is being besieged by farmers’ petitions to repeal the mortgage tax law, and throw the whole tax back upon themselves? Yet such I am told is the fact. And when farmers will persist in doing such foolish things “salt- petre won’t save them." Their destiny is sealed. But, believe me, my friends, the money lenders are not all Shylocks. Many of them have a high sense of justice and honor, and it does me good to re- cord the name of one of them. There lives in the village of Good- rich and county of Genesee, a staunch old retired farmer, who has his surplus, thirty thousand, loaned out in half a dozen sur- rounding counties; and he takes especial pains to tell his customers to give in their mortgages to the supervisors, and have the tax assessed to him. He earned his thousands by frugality and econ- omy through a life of half a cen- tury on the farm, and he knows that the poor farmer has enough to do to pay his own tax, without being taxed for his debts. In one instance his mortgage upon a farm in the town of Richfield was said to be four thousand dollars. The supervisor said it was all the farm was worth, and assessed the whole tax against Mc-Neil. And what did the Honorable John L. McNeil do? Did he “swear, curse and damn” at that supervisor? Not by any means. He calmly remarked: “If that is all the farm is worth, it is all right.” And a burden was lifted from this industrious farmer’s mind and heart. I have not time to present the arguments in favor of retaining this most righteous law upon our statute books. No man in his senses can fail to see its justice, and that ought to be all the argu- ment needed. And right here, my friends, you have it in your power to perform a most valuable service to the State. And how glad I would be to read in your proceed- ings that right here and now you have passed a resolution of in- structions to your senators and representatives at Lansug, to do all in their paws; gage tax law upon our statute books. If it needs ‘amending, why amend it; but repeal it never, so long as there is a God in Israel. - .. .z.. ‘' - bu ..,t.-.... t... H OW IT WORKS. Ext racts From a Paper Read at Mason Farmers’ Club by O. (7. Wheeler, of Lansing. The mortgage tax law is peculiar in its language and faulty in its construction. I am not a lawyer, but a farmer; you can take my criticisms for what there is in them. The farmers asked for the Cali- fornia mortgage tax law. They got it with the vital point left out. In the first place the California law is not a legislative enactment at all. It is article 13 of the con- stitution. The Michigan legisla- ture of 1891 copied the California document ver batim untilthey came to section five which reads as fol- lows: “Every contract hereafter made by which a debtor is obligated to pay any tax or assessment on any money loaned or any mortgage deed of trust or other lien, shall as to any interest specified therein and as to such tax or assessment be null and void.” This was omitted. There is a serious question as to whether section 5 of the California constitution could be a legislative lawunder our constitution. Act 4, section 43 of the Michigan consti- tution reads as follows: “The legislature shall pass no bill of attainder or ear post facto law or laws impairing the obligation of con- tract.” Under this section the legislature cannot enact a law to prevent two parties from making a contract as to who should pay the taxes. It is readily seen that to enact the mortgage tax law so as to make it effective, will require an amendment to the constitution or better still to embody it in the constitution. The present law is defective because it conflicts with this section of the constitution. The law covers all mortgages in force at the time of the enactment. The literal translation of cwposl fault; “the thing having been done,” and the constitution forbids such a law. Embody article 13 of California constitution into the Michigan constitution, and strike out the last clause of article 4, section 43, 2.‘.-art» ‘ which reads, “the legislature shall pass no laws impairing the obliga- tion of contracts.” Then enact the New York state compulsory interest law, or better still embody this also into the constitution. This law provides that usury is above six per cent, and forfeits both interest and principal. The money power would de- nounce such legislation and would bulldoze and bluff. But let the farmers stand firm to their principle of justice. The money loaners would threaten to call in their money, but they will submit as they did in New York. The farmers have submitted to a hundred times worse things than this at the hands of the money power. If the constitution is to be re- vised this year, would it not be well for the farmers to look after their interests and secure proper amendments. There is no justice in the present law, the farmer pays the tax on his own property, also that of the mortagee who goes free, while under the old law he paid his own taxes if he was honest enough to give in to the assessor. The mortgagor paid it also. I have now on my hands several cases where the mortgage was paid during Der-enber and now both parties refaixe to pay the taxes. .I would -"lze to sec_the,, if-.‘..t£’tL::. .-'_’, I123" pfacc -,“‘f;:._, about 24 hours and attempt to enforce his plausible theory it would make merriment for the whole town. In these cases the mortgagee has no chattels on which to levy. Is it right that the farmer should pay this tax ‘? The law leaves no other way open for me. The farmer must submit. The assessed valuation of Lan- sing township is $881,580. Of the 335 farms and lots, 80 are mort- gaged for $87,198, of these 80 mort- gages the taxes on 8 were paid by the mortgager. By the present law we lose the valuation of $70,- 000 as there is that much more loaned by the residents than there is borrowed from outside the town- ship. This tax must necessarily fall upon the real property. Those who own the $704,382 free from debt would stand this shrinkage of valuation if those who hold the farms mortgaged for $87,000 got the benefit of the mortgage tax law, but as it has worked the shrinkage is all around. One treasurer informed me that out of about 150 mortgages only two mortgages paid the tax on their mortgage. Because this law fails to do the work expected, do not throw it aside. If you went into the field to plough and your plough cut too wide, too narrow, too shallow or too deep, you would not throw it aside but adjust it until it works satis- factorily. If this law does not cut as wide a furrow as you wish adjust it until it does its work thoroughly. Under date of Jan. 19, the Attorney General declares, 1st, that the assessment of a mortgage is held as a personal assessment against the party. If this be true why does the law say that if the mortgagee" shall neglect or refuse to pay the tax, the treasurer shall collect it of the mortgager if possible or return it against the real property. If it is a personal tax against the mortgagee, why is the property of the mortgager holden for the tax. Is this'con- sistent? 2d. “That his subsequent dis- posal of the mortgage or its re- demption did not affect the validity of the tax.” Why does not the same law apply to this that is used in the transfer of real property? A man may own a piece of land at the time of the assessment, but disposes of it in the summer. You cannot compel him to pay the taxes. The same is true with the mortgage. It is merchantable property subject to barter and sale. 3d. “ The collector must collect the tax, if necessary by levy.” Suppose the mortgage was re- deemed during December, at a time when it is unlawful for either party to pay the other’s tax, and the mortgagee has no chattels, what would the Attorney General do were he the collector? Return it on the poor farmer of course. 4th. “The owner of real property might proceed against the collector ifhe did not collect the tax of the mortgagee. The collector is re- sponsible and must collect it of the party to whom assessed.” Perhaps the Attorney General wishes to scare some one. The law is very plain. H‘ WOULD NOT BE RIGHT. EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR—— Judge Ramsdell is undoubtedly correct in his opinion in last week’s VISITOR, to the effect that the con- stitutional provision that the legis- lature shall pass no law impairing the obligation of contracts, only applies to contracts previously en- tered into, and does not prevent the legislature from controlling 9. J ..-n - ..L-..- l.—. 1-.--‘.--. l.\.A. ....4. ., -c-.-. ..--.. I . .l:};.~f‘__ not - answer the question whether it would be constitutional to prohibit mortgagors from agreeing to pay the taxes on the property mort- gaged. Before that question can be an- swered in the affirmative, reference must be made to the greatest and most important provision of the Bill of Rights, that “ no per- son shall be deprived of life, lib- erty or property without due pro- cess of law.” The ownership of a farm, or other real estate, carries with it some- thing more than possession anduse. The right to sell it and deed it, which includes the right to mort- gage, is as much a right of prop- erty, as the possession and use. Personal liberty does not consist merely of the right to go about, but includes the right to labor, and to enter into contracts, and carry on business, and the pursuits of life. To a certain extent the exercise of these rights is subject to regu- lation and control by the legisla- ture; but no one would be willing to admit that the legislature has power to pass a law prohibiting the owners of real estate from here- after making any deed or mortgage on their property; and if a person has a right to mortgage, it is difii- cult to see by what right the legis- lature could prohibit him from agreeing in any mortgage to pay the taxes on the property mort- gaged. There must be something radi- cally wrong in a policy that leads to any such results. In California they adopted such a provision in the constitution, but it was accompanied with legislation that took all restraints from the rates of interest to be agreed upon, so that the mortgagees charged enough interest to cover the taxes. If the Michigan legislature should pass a law prohibiting mort- gagors from agreeing to pay the taxes, and should prohibit agree- ments to pay interest above a very low rate, say five or six per cent, it would have no other effect than that of preventing the people of the state from borrowing money on real estate security, or compelling them to resort to evasions of the usury law. The truth is taxation of the real estate, and taxation of the mortgage ,, .‘.?'f thereon, is double taxation, and an law that forces the collection 0 both these taxes, necessarily and inevitably oppresses the owner of real estate, who _is compelled to mortgage his property in order to hold it. If the GRANGE Visrroa would advocate a plain and simple law, that mortgages on real estate shall not be subject to taxation, and have it adopted as the permanent policy of the State, it would do the farmers, and all borrowers more real good, than anything else that has been suggested of late years. FRED A. i“;.\KER. Detroit. AMEND, l|0N"l‘ l{.EI’|‘l:\I.. _ I say “amen" to Robert L. Hewitt’s article in March 15th VISITOR, on the mortgage tax law. Until we are sure of something better, we don’t want the present law repealed, but amended and so made more effective. I see Hiram Andrews comes back at me because I asked if mortgages were not now assessed the same as lauded property, and he says “no.” All I have to say in reply to him is that if real estate is not assessed at its full value it’s not the fault of the mortgage tax law, and should not be used as an argument for its repeal. If real estate does not pay ‘havoc on its nnc1i._*3_]_1;;- that :"‘.a--v _ reason why mortgages [9l1Uul(_I escape taxation altogether. My conclusion is that as Mr. Andrews has become a capitalist to the extent of $500 he “can’t see him- self as others see him,” or more properly, the tax law. If the law’ is repealed does he expect to beat the assessor out of the $500? If not I can’t see but what he will have to pay just as much tax. If he intends to escape taxation on the $500 with the repeal of the present law, then he is one that the law was intended forw-the shoe pinches and the man swearsl Under the old plan the farmer paid taxes on all his land and if it was mortgaged to one-half its cash value then the mortgage too was assessed, hence a double tax was paid, unless the mortgage was canceled, in which case the farmer was benefited. It stands to reason that a double tax would produce more revenue than a single, and just there I think will be found the chief cause of the falling off. The loss on personal property tax will fall (under the present law) chiefly on the wealthier con1muni- ties, those best able to bear it. If the capitalist is willing to pay his share of the burden of taxation why does he want the present law repealed? His eagerness for re- peal ought to furnish pretty valid evidence of his intention to escape taxation. The farmers should “size him up,” and demand that the present law be amended and re- tained. If the capitalists, like Mr. Andrews, object because land is not assessed its cash value,/they can try their hand at a remedy, but if they will take into consider- ation the thousands of dollars in notes that exceed taxation, (notes mostly held by the capitalists) and cash in bank, they will see that the farmer who does not pay taxes on cash value of his farm does not get ahead of the capitalist after all. VVhen the law compels the rich to pay taxes on every dollar they possess then the ‘farmer will be willing to pay tax at cash value of farm. How many capitalists pay taxes on every dollarthey possess? Amend the present law and let it stand. APOLLOS S. Lose, Eaton Rapids. mm...-a.‘ . .. .. _,_. .. 2 THE. Gannon VISITOR. APRIL 15, 1893. ‘—r i I Field and Siock. ...._. WHAT THE FARMER WANTS HIS BOY TO LEARN. F. HART SMITH. In endeavoring to comply with your request to write a short article for your paper on what the farmer wants his boy to learn, I find after thinking the matter over that it is not an easy task to per- form and I have regretted that I promised to attempt it. Of course it depends upon What avocation the farmer wants his boy to pursue for a living. I shall take it for granted that the boy is to be a farmer. In the first place he wants him to be as anxious to learn to become aman intellectually ashe is to be a inan physically. If we can instil into the minds of our boys when young the desire of becoming men intellectually as thoroughly as iiature has to become a man physically, we need have no fears for their success in life. ' He wants to learn habits of in- dustry, honesty, perseverance and energy. ' ' I shall attempt to recommend no text books or special course of study, but believe there is no bet- ter place or course of study after the farmer boy has obtained what education he can at his own dis- trict school than a few terms or 3better still, if circumstances will ermit, a full course at our own Elichigan Agricultural College. If the farmer sends his boy to the University or to Hillsdale, Olivet, Albion, Kalamazoo, or any of our denominational colleges there is very little probability that he will after takinga course at any of these institutions become a practical farmer, or take the inter- est in agricultural pursuits that every enthusiastic farmer would like to have taken up and carried forward by his own boy when the father is obliged from physical disability or the infirmities of age to give up the active management qf his farm. The different institutions of burning scattered over our State a_:g_@ing a grand and noble work, ..‘.’.',:f':uu‘%,T:ii "\‘L'Io'1.'I¢liL¢'18'LLJsIy éf none of them or utter a syllable thinking to influence a farmer from sending his boy to any of them. They all have their special work to do. » The farmer should study his l)oy’s disposition, physical ability, inclination and general adaptability to any line of business and encour- age him in that line, if honorable, and strive to impress upon him the importance of making up his mind and deciding for himself, not hastily, but thoroughly, as soon as racticable, upon a choice for his lfe work. Draw the line and commence to hew to it. Send one nail home first and clinch it before commencing to drive another. One nail well driven is better than two half driven. ' Somerset. TEN POINTS IN’ SPRAYING. G. C. DAVIS. Spraying time is again nearly Iiere. Each year finds a larger number of poeple who realize that spraying is really a necessity for acrop of fruit. Now is the time to consider a few important points and then be ready to act when lhc ‘time comes. This is point number one. INsE(:TIoIi)Es AND FUNGICIDES USED As A SPRAY. The more important or the insecticides used in a spray are: Paris green, London purple, kero- sene emulsion, hellebore and pyrethrum. The principal fungi- cide is Bordeaux mixture and we might add ean celeste. The arsenites (Paris green and London purple) are used-for all insects that masticate their food, or in other words eat the foliage. This includes caterpillars, such as the oodling moth, bud worms, army worm, tomato worm, etc.; beetles, like the potatoe beetle and plum curcnlio; slugs as the curraut worm, and pear and cherry tree slug. Hellebore is used only as a substitute for the arsenites when there is danger of leaving poison on ripe fruit. Kerosene emulsion is used for sucking insects such as plant lice, or “green-fly,” lice and tickgaon stock and many of the larger bugs. Pyrethrum is a very mild remedy and is used only where it is impracticable to use the others. The fungicides are used for plant rusts, rots, srnuts, mil- dews, etc. The arsenites and Bordeaux mixture are all we will consider at this time. PROPORTIONS. The arsenites should be used at the rate of one pound t.o two hun- dred gallons of water. The Bor- deaux mixture at the rate of six pounds of copper sulphate and four pounds of lime to each barrel of water. NUMBER or TIMES TO SPRAY. For most insects one thorough spraying is sufficient. This should be given as soon as their work is noticeable. For the codling moth a second spraying about two weeks after the first may be preferable owing to heavy rains soon after the first is applied, but if this is not the case, one spraying given about ten days or two weeks after the blossoms fall will usually prove the more profitable. One spraying when the Currant slug first perfo- rates the leaves is usually suffi- cient to stay its ravages till after the fruit is gathered. If not, helle- bore (one pound to 4.3 gallons of water) may be used. If one at- tempts to spray for the plum curculio, several sprayings about two weeks apart will be necessary. The first one should be given with the falling of the blossoms. COMBINATIONS. Considerable risk is run in using the arsenites alone because of the liability to burn the foliage. It is the soluble arsenic that does this and lime. renders it insoluble. For this reason lime alone or in the form of Bordeaux mixture should be used. This prevents all risk and the arsenites can be used even stronger if necessary. About four pounds of unslacked lime for each barrel should be slacked, strained through burlap, or some similar coarse material, into a barrel, stir- red thoroughly and all is ready for use. And occasional stirring is essential while using. The effect is the same with the Bordeaux and it comblines an insecticide and a _.-_.,.,--. . USE. Remember that the arsenites will not pi event the fungus diseases of the plant, nor Bordeaux mixture kill the insects. If you wish to get the combined effect both must be used. SPRAY PUMPS. Of course‘ every one wants a good pump, the best on the market, as this makes a great difference in the results and work also. A light but durable pump with plenty of force and little machinery is what you want. There are many firms deal- ing in pumps, but the two that are the most liable to satisfy your want are the Field Force Pump (.‘o., Lockport, N. Y., and the Nixon Pump and Nozzle Co., of Dayton, Ohio, and it would be well to get their catalogues with prices before buying. A good nozzle is also a very essential thing. PRUNING FOR SPRAYING. This is a thing that should not be neglected. Orchards should be pruned and trained in such a man- ner that they can be easily sprayed. The insect pests and fungus dis- eases are not likely to leave us and, if we get our orchards trained low so that we can easily reach the top, and symmetrical so that we will not need to waste time and material by spraying a stray brunch here and there out by itself, we can gri-ntly facilitate the work. In all your work be careful and I/zorough. This last word ought to count two points, but to make it an even ten, we will count it one. Agricultural College, Mich. SURGHUM Cl.='l/l‘Ul{E. F. TANNER. The raising of the cane plant dates back to an early Chinese in- dustry where the plant was first known and sugar was first made. It is said that Alexander, on his return from the east, brought a quantity of cane sugar to Greece where it was used as a powerful medicine. In the tenth century cane cultivation was introduced in- to Spain, whence the English ob- tained a small supply. Another authority says——cane was first brought from the East In- dies to Egypt and thence in the four- teenth century to Portugal. Soon the plant was cafiried to the Canary Islands and the.lWest Indies, where in the sixteenth century cane sugar was manufactured and exported to Europe. But not till the middle of the eighteenth century was sugar cane grown in the United States, being first cultivated by the Jesuits in Louisiana, and to the last 50 years is the general and extensive use of sugar confined. Sorgo, or sorghum, is also an early native of China, and hence is often called Chinese sugar cane, but sometimes northern cane to distinguish it from the southern, There is also an African or Imphee cane, not quite so hardy as the former, but equally rich in sucrose and well adapted to our northern climate. Both these varieties were introduced into France in 1851, and in 1854 into the United States. They have a hardy nature, rapid growth and early maturity, ripen- ing in about five months from planting. From these Chinese and African canes many crosses have been obtained, one of the best being the early Amber, the variety most generally cultivated in the northern and northwestern states. The Iuiphee and Orange varie- ties are grown, and afford a larger cane and a richer percentage of sugar, but they are of slower growth, more subject to frost and better adapted to a southern cli- nia'e. Minnesota early Amber, which matures in about four months, is the kind usually recommended for this climate. The process of raising sorghum is as simple as that of corn. Any soil that will raise the latter will raise sorghum, but a rich, sandy loam is the best, yielding the larg- est amount of sweet. The seed should be selected with care, using the southern or western seed. The time of planting is about that of corn, early in May, if the ground is prepared and warm, but the first of June will answer in favorable seasons. Plant in hills, marked both ways, and from 2% to 3 feet apart. Some say plant in drills, but We do: bt the expediency. From 8 to lllgseeds should be dropped in a but if all grow. part‘ of Lhenfs w'eeded outfl As the plant is small and tender on first appearing and looks much like pigeon grass, it needs careful atten- tion, not only horse culture but one or two hand hoeings. Later it requires the same cultivation as com; the more frequently the ground is stirred the better. For the best results the suckers should be pulled, though few farmers perform this extra labor. From one-fourth to one-half an acre is enough to begin with. The later period of growth is rapid, rank and wonderful, the canes in good soil and seasons attaining a height of ‘I2 ts 15 feet. The harvesting should be defer- red as late in autumn as possible, quite hard frosts not injuring the cane providing it stands thick, the leaves covering and protecting it. When the seed is nearly ripe, and the cane of a light mottled color, affording a greater quantity of syrup of better flavor, then is the time to harvest. The common mode is to first strip the leaves off with a wooden sword, cut the tops below the first joint, then cut and lay the cane upon horses (wooden), in bundles 5 or (3 inches through and tie with two strings. Keep the butts out of the dirt, clean off all dried leaves and conduct the whole process with care and one will have good syrup. The sooner tlie cane is Worked up after cutting the better. though in cool and dry weather it may lie several days. One year from a quarter of an acre we raised four tons of cane and had 87 gallons of syrup. The process of manufacture is simple. The cane is crushed between iron rollers, the expressed juice con- veyed into tanks, thence into a pan ‘with sections. The evaporation requires careful managing of fires, thorough skimming and boiling down to the proper thickness, and some practice,judgn1ent and skill. If this juice could be evaporated into a fine flavored syrup, and t-hen readily granulated into sugar, the culture of sorghum would rapidly increase and become an industry of great profit, but, owing to the presence of an acid in the juice these results are prevented, and not by any cheap and simple process have they been overcome, but it is well to raise a little for family use. Grand Ledge. POTATOES AS A SPECIALTY. H. P. GLADDEN. It is not necessary for the farmer of today to carry diversified farming to the extent practiced by his father before him. VVhen the country was new and before rail- roads spread in every direction with markets close at hand, the farmer had to raise nearly every- thing needed for home consump- tion. ‘What was not grown on the farm, the family did without. One of the lines of progress in this progressive age is in the direction of division of labor. We see it carried to a. greater and greater extent on every hand. Cannot the farmer profit more than he does from the example set by those in other occupations? It is true that many farmers today are called “specialists,” and it is also true that they are our most successful farmers. But are there not too many farmers content to plod along in the old way, putting in so much Wheat, corn, oats, pota- toes, etc., without stopping to think if there is not a better way than the one they follow? Potatoes may not give a greater profit than other crops grown as a specialty, but it is one of the crops that can be so grown, and for certain reasons I have chosen this for an example. Soil and location have much to do in determining what spec- ialty one shall engage in. The best soil, perhaps, is one varying from a sandy or gravelly loam to a clay loam. Some sections in the northern part of our state and along the eastern and western lake shores are especially adapted to potato raising. The man who raises fifteen or twenty acres of potatoes each year has a great advantage over one who only grows two or three acres. He can afford to have the best tools necessary to plant, grow and harvestthe crop. He will be much more likely to give the crop the proper attention at the right time. In this age of active competition in all occupations, the man who can raise a few more bushels per acre than his neighbor is the man wl1o‘ma.kes the money. It is rea- sonable to suppose that the man who makes a specialty of a certain crop will give more time to the study of that crop than one who does not, and it is also reasonable to expect that this extra attention will result in an increased yield of that crop. In the next issue of the VISI- TOR I will take up the subject of “The time to plant and the amount of seed to .use.” Agricultural College FROM THE LAKE SHORE. It is hardly safe to make predic- tions as to what the fruit crop of this year will be, but We have good reason to expect a larger yield than last year, especially of what are known as large fruits. Berries of all kinds will probably be an average crop. Apples promise much better now than last year, though they were seriously re- tarded in growt.h by the continued Wet weather. Peaches are the leading crop here, and we expect to double the total shipment of last year, which was about 300,000 baskets. Many fine young orchards are just com- ing into bearing. and promise abundant returns. The VVorld's Fair being within a few hour’s ride by water will un- doubtedly furnish a good market for all our fruit this year, and the growers are determined to send only nice specimens, which will arrive in Chicago in the freshest possible state. A fine exhibit will be made in the Horticultural building throughout the Exposi- tion, the limited space being the greatest hindrance to the enthusi- asm of our fruit growers. One feature will be live peach trees in hearing, which year ago. We hope that this season will again prove our claim to live in the Gn1‘(len of Eden as exempli- , fied by an abundance of fruits and flowers so fair to look upon, and so pleasing to the taste of mortal man. Cr. C. M. South Haven. “ The man who discovered that a rubber tip is the proper caper on the end of a lead pencil made a clean $200,000; but the man who discovered that the proper study of mankind is man died poor.” Such is life! were }_)l‘€‘]_)éll‘("(l Ell MICHIGAN STOCK BHEEDERS. All those who wish to purchase pure- bred stock of any description, will find it to their advantage to correspond with some of the following well- known breeders. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP \Vc are prepared to furnish Choice Imported, or Home-bred lL'\\'c.s and l{:uns at prices as rea- sonable as any Reliable Br- cder can sell. lfvon wish In Start 3. Flock it will pay you to write I6 for prices, or better come and sec for yourself. E. C. L. MUMFORD 8c SON MOSCOW, MICHIGAN EUGENE FIFIELD BAY CITY, MICE Sm‘ccs.l¢ Judge Jackson of the U. S. court gave a decision at Wheeling, W. Va., that men may refuse to work for an em- ployer but their privileges end there—— they cannot prevent other men from working for that employer. >l< >z< 4: The 4,500 laborers at the World’s Fair grounds struck for one day. The prin- ciple at stake was the rights of the em- ployers to hire non-union men. By arbi- tration it was decided favorably for the employers, and the strikers resumed work in a body. >l< * as Judge Speer of the United States cir- cuit court decided in a Georgia case that railroads could be compelled by the courts to treat with their employés as to wages, hours, etc. >‘r-** All of the decisions above mentioned are not significant in showing whether the employers or the employes are right, but in that there seems now to be :1 fair, safe, final method of adjusting labor troubles, namely, in the courts. By some. too, the decisions are hailed as prophetic of an early government control of rail- roads. >1: * >1: THE MICHIGAN EXHIBl’1'. As appears in a communication in our columns from J. J. Woodman, the Mich lgan exhibit at the Fair will beiseriously diminished by the failure of the Legis- lature to supply adequate funds. Mr. Woodman was instructed by the com- missioners to restrict the exhibit of field crops and fruit, and to abandon the live stock, railway and wool exhibits. Thus by reason of the wisdom (27) of two legis- latures, Michigan will have an exhibit representing in about one-fourth part her resources and wealth. :k** 'rl1l-1 llE‘.IilNG sax MATTER. The arbltrators of this government and England are now In session consid- ering the claims of both powers in the case. 2: * =1: K.-\NS.\S wonnx vors. ln the late election the women of Kansas voted very generally in the municipal elections and it is considered that the movement toward universal suf- frage has received a great impetus in that state. Tm-; .\l0R.MON 'I‘F.MPLl-2. April (5 the great Mormon temple at Salt Lake City was dedicated with secret ceremonies. It is no imposing and unlque building, has cost over $5,000,000, and has been In process of erection since 1853. It is considered one of the tri- umphs of Mormonism. H. S. Matteson advises farmers if they have work for them, to keep three horses, two of them mares. and so plan as to have one foal her colt in May and one in Sep- tember and to breed either Humble- tonians. French couch or hackney horse for market. A student of philosophy once said to the Rev. Dr. Wayland, president of Brown University, “ Doctor. I don’t be- have I have any soul.” "' Possibly not, possibly not, young man,” said the doc- tor; "you ought to know. I have one. Good day, sir.”-~ The Midland. Superintendent Morrison, of the \Vis- consin Farm Institute, says: "Our work- ers are all farmers, the most successful that can be selected, and their experi- ments smack of the soil. We long ago §Z"?§a‘é%‘ill’.°?.iflé‘i“$?.§'13&l“?h°”-1’ £1?’ ' v e In 1- gent business farmer.” The editor salon :1 hard bottom chair, trying to think a thought;and he plunged all his fingers about through his hair, but not one topic they brought. He had writ. ten on temperance, tariff and trade, and the prospects of making a crop, and joked about making ice cream and weak lemon- ade, till his readers had told him to stop. And weary of thinking, sleep came to his eyes, and he pillowed his head on the desk, when the thoughts which awake had re- fused to arise, came in troops that were strong and grotesque. And as the idea: airlly. float, he selects the bright one of the tribegand this is the gem which, while dreaming he wrote: " Now is the time to .subscrlbe.—-Eaton Rafads Herald. *1‘ N, A. ‘-4 --4 \, i_iraI_L 15, 1893. FEE eiiA14T6‘ElvIsI'ro1i. g-.—¢u..;.=:;.____~--— — ~f«m.~..=-.—.:.-»«.~,..e==;: 5 The beehive Field. Lecturers of Pomona and Subordinate Granges will confer afavor, by sendin their P. 0. ad- 'd1"355“-5 30 me» that I may be uh e to send to them direct when desired. Tfinlautt, Jllzr/1. A. I. Cuossv, In. WHAT SHALL 1 PLANT IN MY cianiiivz I care not how many times, year after year, you have asked your wife, your husband, or yourself this question. I know very well they gave evasive answers, and you settled the question at length several points perhaps from- where you stuck first stakes, and excus- ed yourself that you had not all the varieties of seeds you wished, that you had not room enough, or that you were in such a hurry to be improving the fine weather at other work. Neither will we re- quire of you to recount the imagin- ary pictures of ‘the season’s fine showings this year’s garden should be, nor the fancied relish of many a dish or viand which failed to materialize as so vividly seen from the foreground of each season’s ad- ventures. VVe observe that the market garden often contains many varieties which are uncommon in the farmer’s garden. VVhy is this? Surely not because he has no 1'oom, nor for want of proper fer- tility. Who has a better chance or can more deservedly enjoy all the best there is? Sometimes I fear it is for lack of energy neces- sary to properly grow the plant, which in such case is the very one most keenly relished when it is ob- tained iii perfection. Sometimes it is a lack of acquaintance or knowledge how to grow it success- fully, or even how to cook or pre- pare it properly. How often we hear of people “just learning to like” this or that, which they an(l their families might have enjoyed for years before, all for want of {I knowledge of it. Look over the list now, then go to our Grange school to learn all about it, ai.d no longer leave a good thing out of a farmer’s garden. This year let us take time by the forelock by be- ginning early. Let us ask the uestion where we have never ask- ed it before. We will ask it in the Grange, the good Grange is our constant school, let us t:.‘;;e it there ‘ where so many of us can ask it to- gether, and where the answers will reach many earnest listeners. Sister Hines has well planned one meeting for us, which we know is to be worked out with a will, in many a Grange hall the 22d of this month, and we doubt not that the noble success of some of those Granges which have already con- tributed so liberally in other States will be equaled at least, here in “My Michigan.” Now let us turn our attention to this next, which is of such practical importance in which every brother or sister can participate, and the good results of which will be so frequently enjoy- ed through all the coming year. Sister‘Ceres, You will now have 3 good opportunity to take charge of this, and observe how well your thoughtful “injunction” to the laborers has been followed. Decorations of Grange rooms will very appropriately consist of samples of the various selections which have been laid in store for the coming season, and will consti- tute a fine exhibit which will bring many a person to know Where they can procure seeds, bulbs, tubers, plants, vines, shrubs, or trees. This will facilitate the massing of orders for purchase from abroad. while the friendly interchange of articles right at home has often saved many a month’s dues. The program will profitably consist of essays, papers, and practical talks by specialists as- signed and followed by short dis- cussions of the subjects. These are too numerous for a single meeting and could include location, soil, drainage, manures, tilling, planting, cultivation, hot- beds, cold-frames, potting, conser- vatory, transplanting, propagat- ing, fertilizing, grafting, budding, pruning, thinning, trelissing, har- vesting, storing, even cooking, serving and eating, and tools or implements and contrivances for the lawns and walks. All common knowledge about insect pests and how to battle them; while the young people to recita- tion inclined, will find plenty_in song and story to season the dish to taste. Now do not go at this weak hand- ed, for it is just the time when you can ring in your good neighbors, and many an old gentleman or lady as well as the younger people will join you in this, when they would not think of peeping into a. Grange, and when thus the ice is broken you can soon slip an appli- cation in their pocket. Then they too will cheerfully contribute ‘to your display and exchanges, and join in your massed orders. This is the way to use your‘ Grunge, work for the meeting as you expect to for your next sum- iner’s garden, and just as “sure will the lmrvest be.” While, to be around about sam- pling time is the wish of Yours Fralernally, A. J. Cnosnr, Jn. Ypsilanti. THE l.l-.C'I‘l’vItER-’S TASK. How many of us have promised and planned for a good campaign this year in Grunge work? There is not a Grange in our state but that is ready for good. aggressive work. _ That staunch advocate of Grange principles, J. J. \Voodman, gave us seine good advice at the last meeting of the State Grange: “Go to work and revive the dormant members of your own Granges.” He said u'or/r, go to work‘. This we know is good, wholesome advice, but how shall it be done? We think that of all the ofiicers necessary to a successful Grange, that of Lecturer is the most im- portant. And we have no doubt that the best, most efficient mem- bers of the Granges have been selected for this important posi- tion. A good, live, energetic Lect- urer is almost sure to enthuse the Grange with zeal and life. We have seen a Lecturer, a young man full of plans and schemes, work almost wonders with a very small Grange. He was endowed with that heavenly gift called tact, and was able to plan and devise work just suited to each member. All have difierent gifts, and it is the promise of the good Lecturer to let each have a chance of bring- ing their best gifts into the Grange. All are not ready talkers, or sing- ers, or writers. Study your mem- .‘.-'»"s in find out what each can do best, and then put them on the program for their very best. The best is what the farmer of this country needs, and if it is crops it will take the best tillage to produce them; if stock, the best breeding will give it; if men and women, the best education and culture must develop them. Erluculion is the tocsin of the Grange. and you Lecturers of the Subordinate Granges must prepare the lessons. It is no light task for the‘ man or the woman who must exert all energy and ingenuity in the care of farm and home, to provide a suitable program for the Grange every two weeks--one that will not only enlist the attendance and attention of those inside the gates, but those outside. It must be a study constantly to do this, to be well up with the times, able to catch at the leading questions of the (lay, and assign topics on these absorbing questions to the members which will bring out the best in them in the most attrac- tive and interesting manner. They must be students of books as well as of men, and able to pick the right man or woman to give a syn-- opsis or a criticism on the last new book that is arresting the attention of the reading world. If they can not sing they must know those who can, and not only cause sweet music to be rendered but the musical masters should be studied, and in this way a knowl- edge of the composers will be gained. In the present list of looks that the faculty of the Agricultural col- lege and the Grange have selected for reading, we would suggest that the Lecturers of the Subordinate Granges select two or, better, three books; let the Grange purchase them and then put them into the hands of as many good readers. \Ve mean by this those who are able to get the most out of them, and bring, in condensed form, the results of their reading. This will give to all what could not be gained in any other way. VVith the World’s great Exposi- tion before us, a reading of Colum- bia and Columbus, with a follow- ing of the wonderful navigator in all his perilous routes, his conflicts, ldefeats and successes. A history iof Columbia from its settlement by Ithe Norsenien until our present lday, will afford plenty of work for ‘the young members of the Order, and much enjoyment for the older lones. ‘ The want of the Granges is} j.ha:rd work, something out of theé iusunl line. VVe have often wondered why some of our Bible students did not furnish themes for the Grange. 4 Sacred and ancient history is full of interest, and much could bel brought into the programs thatl would vary them, and be of greatl benefit in this line of work. , Above all avoid ruts, and neverl forget the social part of every Grange meeting. Let the meet- ings begin promptly on time, and then you will have time for all that needs to come before you. It is a good plan, Mr. Editor, to have a Lecturer’s department in the VISITOR. The fact that our State Lecturer, the Deputies, and the County Lecturers will furnish topics for discussion, subjects for essays, books for reviews, magazine articles for digests, biographies, histories, travels, etc., for selec- tions, will materially aid these Lecturers of Subordinate Granges in the campaign Work of this coni- ing year. MARY A. MAYO. Battle Creek. LET IN THE LIGHT. Morenci Grange No. 280, is prospering finely, having taken in over forty members this year of ".)3. Much credit is due our pres- ent master, Geo. W0()dWOFtlI, who has always been much interested in agricultural pursuits. “Te have just passed through a contest of four meetings, the judges deciding in favor of the side that produced the best pro- gram, and brought in the most names. In work we were about even, but in membership one side outran some 1,200, so you see, Worthy State Master, that your little talk to us, on installation night, resulted in great good, as we have fully doubled our num- bers, and at our meeting last even- .inf:; the stewaggmwas «obliged to fetch out a large number of dust covered chairs, that we had be- moaned as useless. And now, brothers and sisters of other Granges, please let me add, that I am almost sure it was owing to our own listless, sleepy condition that we ran to so low a tide, and I have just made up my mind that with good live officers, and wide awake members, that many are waiting to enter our gates and join hands with us to help roll away the stone from the sepulcher of our minds, to let in the light, more light, so that the lives of farmers, their wives, sons and daughters will en- joy more of sunshine than shadow, more of leisure and time to study than of toil and grumbling. Much time, talent, exertion, should be given to the coming ‘generation, so as we discuss crops, roads, baking and brewing, may we not forget to have our programs so diversified with song and recitation, that it will entertain as well as instruct them. We had Washington exer- cises in accordance with instruc- tions in GRANGE VISITOR, but the other side not to be outdone by us, the next Saturday evening dec- orated with flowers and Chinese lanterns, that with their mellow light throwing their soft rays on our flags, made a very beautiful effect indeed. So let onward ever be the word until we all reach the goal we are aspiring to. Mrs. B. G. HOIG, Lecturer. WE LIKE THIS LETTER. Quincy, March 1893. EDITOR VIsI1‘OR—-Please find enclosed the following subscrip- tions to GRANGE Vis-rroii-—$12.55. Twenty-four of these are the result of contest carried on by Quincy Grange. We have also added to our membership 23 new members within the past year, besides en- joyinga literary feast of untold enjoyment and profit to each mem- ber. In fact Quincy Grange is in a very prosperous condition. Good feeling and harmony prevail uni- versally. Our numbers are not lar e, but for zeal and harmony an general good feeling we think we are excelled by none. Fraternally youfis, a n A soon iiirriirss. I would advise all wool growers to take a few of the coarsest fleeces and wash them clean and send to a. carding mill and have them made into large bats. Make them into mattresses and throwaway all straw beds. This will save as . much labor as a binder or mower to you and your wife. Put twenty pounds of bats in each mattress. Thisdoes away with all dust and litter, and they are more healthy and will last a life time, and when you go to bed you won’t think you are lying on a lot of dead cats. J. H. MACUMBER. THE CORNELL STATION. Ensilage for Lanihs and Pigs. 1. Ensilage fed with hay to lambs gave equally as good results as where all hay had been fed, and the ensilage had the advantage of being the cheaper food. Four pounds of ensilage being equiva- lent to one pound of hay. Z. Lambs fed on ensilage drank less water than lambs fed wholly on dry food, but the lambs fed ensilage consumed more water in the food and the water drank than those fed dry food. 3. VVhere nitrogenous and car- bonaceous rations were compared as food for lambs. the individuals of the lot of lambs receiving the nitrogenous rations madea more uniform gain in live weight than the lot fed a carbonaceous ration. 4. Results have not been uni- form as regards the growth of pigs where carbonaceous and nitro- genous rations have heen com- pared. In one experiment there was no marked difference in gain in live weight and no marked dif- ference in the chemical composi- tion of the meat. The results from another experiment showed a marked difference in the gain in live weight and also a great differ- ence in the relative proportion of fat and lean meat. Tomatoes. Single Stem Training.-This year, as last, single-stem training in the field gave decidedly heavier yields to the square foot of land and the crop was earlier. 'l"reat'ment of “ Leggy ” Plants .—- “Leggy” or “drawn” plants were set at the ordinary depth and half the stem was laid and covered in a shallow trench. These gave much larger yields than normal or stocky plants started and planted at the same time. Last year opposite results were obtained; but at that time the plants were so badly drawn that they were unable to stand alone. This year the legg plants were about 20 inches high. but while slender they were still stiff and vigorous when put in the field. It is safe to conclude that if one has leggy plants he should layer them when planting. Soul/tern or Field Blight.—~—A new tom-ito disease has appeared in our plantation this year. It is probably a bacterial trouble which may become serious. No remedy is known, but rotation of crop will probably check it. It is character- ized by a yellowing, curling and drying of the leaves, which finally become black and dead. V ¢.L1'ie!'ies.——FeW varieties were tested in I092, and while they pos- sess merit, none of them appear to be destined to supplant varieties already in existence. Spraying for Apple Pests. 1. The apple-scab fungus attacks apple trees very early in the season, even before the petals fall to the ground. 2. The first application of a fungicide should be made early, no later than immediately after the petals fall; an application made just before the buds open would probably be of value. 3. The time for combating the apple-worm is immediately after the petals fall, and the treatment should be repeated once or twice until the apples begin to hang down. 4. Apple trees should be pruned so that all parts may easily be reached by aspray; well pruned trees allow free access of light and air among their branches, which prevents fungi from obtaining so strong a foothold. 5. The injury done by the apple- scab fungus was decidedly reduced where the Bordeaux mixture was used. 6. When Paris green was added to the Bordeaux mixture the fungi- cidal action of the combination was more marked than when Lon- don purple was used in place of Paris green. 7. Paris green has a certain fungicidal value, but in this respect it does not nearly equal the Bor- deaux mixture. 8. The value of Paris green as an insecticide does not appear to be materially affected whether it is applied alone or in combination with the Bordeaux mixture. 9. The insecticidal value of Paris green when used with the Bordeaux mixture was greater than that of London purple when similarly applied. 10. More applications are re- quired during a wet season than during a dry one; during wet weather they should be repeated every 7 to 10 days. 11. The results obtained this season from the application ofa combination of the Bordeaux mix- ture and Paris green or London purple show that the use of such a combination is valuable and practicable for the treatment of the apple-scab fungus and the apple- worm, even in a wet season. A GLIJIPSE AT THE VVORLIPS FAIR. The passenger entering Chicago from the east by any of the l\l1cuiGAN CENTRAL trains will observe, after passing Kensing- ton and Grand Crossing, that the tracks are gradually elevated until, from a point of view some twenty feet above the level, he sees to the right an assemblage of domes, towers and spires rising above the trees between the railroad and Lake Michigan. These are some of the colossal and mag- nificent palaces of the \Vorld’s Colurnbian Exposition, far surpassing, not only in num- bcr and magnitude, but in beauty and ar- tistic hzirinony of design, any asseinblage of buildings that the world has ever before seen. First to be noticed and directly in front of the railway station where the MICHIGAN Cl-Z.\’TR.~\L trains will enter the EXPOSILIOII, rise grandly the four square pavilions of the Administration building, crowned by its great dome, 260 feet above the ground,-— “almost as lofty as that of St. Paul’s in London," says Mrs. Van Rensselaer, “ and almost as graceful in outline as that of the Floreiitine Cathedral.” In front of it stands the magnificent bronze fountain by Mac- Monnics, facing the great basin in the cen- ter of the great court, upon which front the Agricultural building and Machinery Hall on the south, and the palaces of Mines and Mining, Electricity, and of Manufactures and the Liberal Arts on the north. The domes and Lowers ‘uf‘Iii':':'§e buildings may be seen in the distance, and pariiculariy the grert arched roof of the last named building, the largest in the world. It cov- ers an area of more than thirty acres——tliree times that of the largest building of the great Paris Exposition of 1889. As the train approaches more closely to the grounds, the Transportation building is clearly seen to the left of the A(lminislra- lion building. It covers, with its annexes, fourteen and :1 ball acres of ground, and its massive arched doorway,elaborately decor- ated and known as the “ Golden Portal,” is one of the most striking external features of the Exposition. Next to the left is the Horticultural Building, .1 thousand feet in length, and wiLh a central pavilion, under the glass dome of wliicli is grouped the fine-t known collection of bamboos, trec—fcrns and palms. Noriliward, and slill nearer to the train, is the Woman‘s building, 21 chaste and noble structure, first of all to be completed, and the architect, artists and decorators of which were all women. It will be filled with the fruits of the genius, skill and labor of the women of all nations, Crossing the Midway Plaisance, which connects Jackson Park on the east with \Vashiugion Park on the west, and in which are located :1 section of Paris, a street of Cairo, Irish, German, Austrian and Turkish villages, a Dutch East Indian set- tlement, ice, sliding and spiral electric rail- ways, and numerous other interesting feat- ures, of some of which the traveler may gcta glimpse as he dashes by. On the right, grouped at the north end of jacks in Park, are the various State and Foreign buildings of diversified architecture and representing an expenditure of millions of dollars. No passing glimpse of the \Vorld’s Fair, however, nor the most detailed and glow- ing description that can be penned, can give an idea of its surpassing size and extent, the splendid harmony of its design, or of its rich artistic sculpture and decorative features. Nothing but frequent visits and careful observation can do it. But while every passing traveler will surely resolve upon this, he will also surely be thankful that he is journeying upon the MICHIGAN CENTRAL, the only Eastern line that gives him such a passing view, or that takes him directly by and in full view of Niagara Falls, the great natural wonder of the world. Mr. William Stahl, of Quincy, Illinois, the well known manufacturer of spraying outfits, as advertised in these columns from time to time, has published a number of neat little pamphlets on subjects con- nected with spraying, among them being -‘ Spraying Fruits, how, when, where and why to do it,” “ Spraying Apple Orchards," ~‘ How to prevent and destroy diseases and insects affecting grapes,” “Insects and fun- gus diseases affecting all varieties of small fruit and vegetable crops,” “ Full directions for spraying fruits, vegetables and flowers," etc. Any or all of these limle books are sent, free of charge to any one who will ask for them, and each and every one of them contains much valuable information on the subject treated, and information. too, that should be in the hands of ever farmer and fruit grower in the land. rite for them to William Stahl, Quincy, Illinois. ...-......m...../~,, .-‘mu ' -—..-—. ....g—_..... ~ 6 run GRANGE vrsrron. APRIL 15, 1393. Ladies’ Department. .1 WELCOME TO RETURNING SPRING. Seasons come and seasons go, In this changing world below; Summer, autumn, winter, spring, Each its blessings sure to bring. Harbingers of early spring, Now are seen, and heard to sing; Bluebird, phoebe, robin, jay, Chirping, chattering all the day. Flowerets, earliest of the year, Now in sunny nooks a near; Petals vellow, blue an white, Scent the air and please the sight. Welcome new the vernal sun, For old Hyems' race is run; Balmy air, and rays serene, Grass, and grain. and meadows green. Farmers, up and at it now! Turn the furrow with the plow; This the time to plant your seed, And provide for coming need. Fare thee well, Old Winter, drear! Come not for a to-eleinonth here; Birds and blossoms, fiields so reen, Hail thou, reign thou, vernal ueen! - -1. COLLIER. Battle Cred, Jiarc/i 27, I69}. ANNIVERSARY DAYS. Read at Oakland Pomona, at its annual meeting gm! iontiac, January 1893, by Mrs. Maud Shat- c . Human life is a journey, a long and toilsome journey, filled with anniversary days, days when our thoughts go back one, two, and perhaps three scores of years, to scenes and hopes of long ago. We love these days; they are enshrined in our hearts as sacred, and we have built around them a wall. Memories so high and broad that forgetfulness can never climb over it. As one after another of them return we take up our journals and read again the records which on that day years before, we had put down. Some of them are sad, some are glad;some bring bitterness and the memories of brightness gone, and then we write again of those old scenes when we were a happy household band. The anniversa- ries tell how the circle has been broken. Then there are the birthdays, glad days indeed for the children but reluctant ones for the mother when she sees one more year added to the age of her little ones whom she fain would keep by her side. We grown up children, who have been a greater or less length of time in “ the world’s broad field of battle,” ask ouselves, have we '37..-.cii-l go-Ll ch?-‘:1!-enl.ir. Anew-.1-‘ to cm" mother’s longing prayer, as each birthday— comes, that we may at each succeeding one be what she would have us be. There are many more of these days that none but those immedi- ately interested would care to hear of even if we had the time to speak of them. We will leave the anni- versaries of home life for those of the nation. First comes the New Year holi- day. In what different places, under what different circumstances and in what different ways did it find us engaged? Some in the gambling rooms and drinking sa- loons, with glasses of sparkling wine, amid the din of profanity and the foul atmosphere of such places waited the first peal of the town clock that they might drink the old year out and the new year in. Oh! what a conclusion for the record of a year and an entry into the new. Some celebrated the dawning of the year in the public ballroom; and still others in little school houses all through the country, and in churches and chapels in the city assembled themselves together that they might commune with God during the death of the old year and the advent of the new. As their leader proclaimed the mid- night hour they breathed a silent rayer, not for themselves alone but for fallen humanity. Methinks Washington, whose birthday we next celebrate, would not think this such a glorious day were be walking with -us; rather he would be sorry for the want of loyal hearts and hands to put down our national foe, intemperance. I believe that God will yet give us an anniversary that shall far sur- pass any that has yet been. Next comes the day set apart in memory of the dead heroes, and all over this nation salutes are given in honor of the brave boys whose lives were laid on the altar of their country. Our fourth of July! What na- tion besides ours ever had such a noisy and glorious jubilee? Thanksgiving is one of the favor- ite anniversaries of the American I ople. ‘ It is the Nation’s feast ay. As the season ends and the harvests are gathered in, the feel- ing of gratitude ‘naturally arises in the heart for the bounties and blessings received. We are con- stantly forgetting what we have in our eagerness to add to our stock of comforts and luxuries, and it is a good thing to be forced to halt, at least once in twelve months, to take an inventory of our possessions. Thanksgiving is really a home festival. It belongs to the family; it brings parents and children to- gether around the festive board and strengthens family ties. Railroads and steamboats have broken up the system of homestead, and scattered the family, hence we see how good it it is to have one occasion that “ calls the wand- ering footsteps home.” Christmnzs is the anniversary of the birth of Christ, the gift of God to man, and thousands whose hearts have been drawn out in praise and gratitude to the Giver of all good, for mercies past and present bles- sings will turn with emotion upon Scenes that have endeared them to him who “who searcheth all hearts and knoweth all men.” Christmas is the season of giving more than getting. The crowd on the streets filled with laughter and gaiety, hurrying from shop to shop with arms brim full, signify that it is more blessed to give than to re- ceive at Christmas time. And now, after four hundred years, the American people have concluded that it is proper and right to celebrate the landing of Columbus and the discovery of this land of wealth in which is founded so glorious a nation, and great honor is paid him who endured so much in the hope of finding such a country, for “ Loiig, long ago Columbus sought the proud old court of Spain, To beg Zl. fleet to find a world beyond the western iii , \Vith liinf; delays they wcziried him with doubts and mockeries, Until :1 Queen her jewels pledged, to send him o’cr the sea." THE FARMER THE HUB OF THE WHEEL. litcad at Mnmphis Institute by Mrs. E. A. King of Thornton. St. Clair county.) This wheel is not a crochet one made of spool cotton; neither is it a more substantial one made from the trees of the forest; but you may if you wish call it an iinag_ip- 'al‘.‘.'t‘ one. I proceed “to .iie wofk shop of the brain in search of material for its manufacture; when there comes rolling out from an obscure corner an object well labeled with such euphonious names as hayseecl, mossback, country clodliopper, etc. I begin to search for essential qualities. I find it is strong, durable, inflexible, capable of bearing the weight of the wagon and any load that may be put there- on. I find it has already borne the heat of the day; it has endured the tempest and remains unharmed by the ills and battles of life. While forming it into proper shape to represent the hub of the wheel, I endeavor to trace its origin. I find it was first formed by the plastic hand of God, the Creator, and placed in the garden of Eden to dress and to keepit. A glorious, a God given task, one worthy the attention of the Most High, and one in which there is no success without His blessings. The farm- er a co-worker with Him who reigns over all. “Paul may plant and Apollos may water but ’tis God who giveth the increase.” Surely ’tis an exalted vocation,a vocation which will not disgrace you, my fellow countryman; but you may by your deportment dis- grace it. Realize if possible your situation in life, dependent on no one but God and your own efforts for a living, while all other classes are dependent on God and you; you poor little hayseedl you poor mossback! Pardon this irony I could not help it. Yet you are in a measure deserving of it. You have through some unknown, or unaccountable means got into a rut, and for generations past have made no effort to extricate your- selves from it. But I am pleased to note the revolution that is now slowly but surely being carried on. And I behold the dawning of a new era in the farmer’s life. Glorious revelation, that your vo- cation is both a science and an art, requiring al[ the efforts of the brain as well as the hand, and the deeper the research the more suc- cessful the work. The brain the most important facfor. Hours of study and hours of toil are reveal- ing things hitherto unknown. In- ventions are made subservient to your will. All things necessary seem given unto you to make-you poet has said: “The noblest men that live on earth, Are men whose hands are brown with toil; VVho backed by no ancestral graves, Hew down the woods and till the soil; And win thereby a prouder name Than follows king's, or warrior’s fame." But we will endeavor to finish this wheel. The spokes shall be made of preachers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, etc. The felloes shall be the elements; earth. air, fire and water, all necessary in the wheel of life. The tire shall be God’s great and loving care over and above and around all. A few thoughts more and I am done. In studying my subject, other vo- cations and professions passed in panoramic view before my mental vision. I trace the preacher’s calling to the words of our Savior who said, “Go forth and preach the gospel to all nations.” The lawyers to the time when the law was given to Moses and it was written on tablets of stone. The physician to the time when the great Physician healed both body and soul. Something might be said in favor of each and every honorable profes- sion and vocation of life, but not one can date its origin back to the very creation of the earth like the farmer’s can. Not one can feel the close proximity to nature and to nature’s God as the farmer who goes forth in the morning sunshine, inhaling the untainted air, the sing- ing of the birds making sweet melody in his own heart, the pure breeze of heaven fanning his sun- burned brow. Then let us not forget “Our life mission here is of noble birth, For ’tis one by which millions are fed; We wring from the rough, rugged bosom of earth And give to our brothers, bread." Be not dismayed when I tell you you can rise to higher vantage- ground. Let your motto be: Edu- cate, Educate, EDUCATE. Instill in- to the minds of yourchildren a sense of equality—I had almost said a sense of superiority. You have advantages superior in some re- spects to others. You have access to books, papers and periodicals. You have the long winter evenings at your disposal. Improve them by storing your minds with useful knowledge. Ah-he all things re- — spect. younaélves «l others will be obliged in time to respect you too. I know the farmer has not always had his just rights; has not always been appreciated. The fault is partially your own. Divest your- selves of a sense of unwortliiness. VVnlk the face of this earth as proudly as any monarch. Realize it was made as much for your bene- fit as theirs. The time is coming when none of us can claim more than six or seven feet of it, and in the other world we can receive as much glory as the best if we only live for it. God is no respecter of persons. There is a possibility of aspiring after vain glory; do not do this. Be worthy the name of man, be worthy the name of woman. BEARING AWAY A SHEAF. We sometimes speak of finding kernels of grain but one day we found a whole sheaf, and bore it away with us. Not very long ago we had the honor of spending the night in a family of new made friends. The habits and customs of the family were all new to us, but there was such a sweet atmosphere in that home, such a sense of shelter and retreat that no sooner had we crossed its threshold than we felt its very air filling our soul with a new life. There was nothing for show, nothing for effect, everything was for comfort and rest, and the atti- tude of the family, each toward the other, was one of thoughtful con- sideration and tenderest love. At the table it was as one family. Father, mother, children, kitchen girl and ofice boy with the guest met around one board. All con- versation was toward that which was good. Faults and short com- ings of friends and neighbors were not discussed. No current topics of burglaries, murders o'r scandals were recounted. Though they were a business firm, the husband and wife, the de- tails of the day, with its necessary anxieties and cares were not brought up to be considered by the whole, but each, hopeful and bright, and full of the good, true and beautiful, turned to the duties of the day, each to do his part. In one corner of the dining room hung a small blackboard, and the noble men and noble women. The! in’é3tto of the day had been placed upon it by the father’s hand. “ Go roll the stone of self away,|_ And let the Christ within thee rise.“ This then was the secret of that ‘beauty that you could but feel ‘in that home. The stone of self had been rolled away and the spirit of Christ had risen in each heart and life. And not only just there, but the light of that wonderful resur- rection shone out bright and clear, and some of its beams had fallen upon our own heart. ‘Not a day has come to us since, that those lines have not come to our minds and a prayer has ascen- ded to the Father that he would take our life and let it be so cleansed from all selfishness that Christ might rise within us indeed. CHAPLAIN. KITCHEN NOTES. How eagerly the boys and girls hasten from school to their favor- ite resort, the pantry. Why? Be- cause they are hungry; their bodies need nourishment not found swinging in the empty dinner pails. That is just the reason children want to know so many things, and ask so many questions. Their minds are hungry and need food for thought. Education be- gins iii the household. “The use of the study of ele- mentary science is to train the powers of observation, to keep the child in loving communion with nature, to stimulate his curiosity in regard to the material universe, to provide him with ideas for the development of thought, to disci- pline the mind, and to put him into conscious relations with the outside world and so define his position and responsibilities as an individ- ual part of the universal whole.” The love of nature may enter into a life and influence it forever. The wise mother recognizes this and snatches the daily opportuni- ties. What lesson may have been taught these winter days when mother was kneading bread and Charlie stood by her side asking, “ VVhat makes the bread come up? Why do you keep it warm ? \Vhy does bak"iig make it brown?” As dinner time approaches the steam of the tea kettle, the drops of water revealed by a lifted lid, and the moisture on a pitcher of cold water, are all of interest. A keen morning has made the frozen figures on the window pane objects of delight as well as curio.~3it_\_', and after a run in the air he comics in wondering why his fingers clung to the Wire fence and why the sun melts the snow on that old brown board quicker than any- where else. A little thought, a good deal of patience, and a heart full of love, may make these kitchen hours sea- sons of joy to giver and gainer, and will tend to unfold and develop many a tender shoot. Soon the days will be with us when all nature will be bustling with life; what refrcsliing times to mind and soul, and to none more than the little one who re- joices at every touch of spring he finds. Let us new study the trees and thus be ready to note the first swelling of buds. Distinguish in a general way between the trees and shrubs, the endogens and the exogens. Draw from the children what they have noticed about the trees during their walks and play. What are the parts‘? How high does the trunk extend above the ground? Which is the greatest distance, with an apple tree or an elm? A pine or maple? What are the smallest trees in your locality? The largest? Compare the bark of various kinds, that which is smooth, rough or gnarled, or hanging in strips. There are two kinds of tops, the broad spreading and the one straight trunk with lateral branches as in the elm and spruce. Take twigs of the horse-chestnut and willow and see the mode of branch- ing, the stiff result of one, and grace of the other. Talk about the bark, the wood, the pith, the rings and the sap. Even the dry sticks lend an en- chantment, and how fairy like they will become when the trees open their trunks and attire themselves in their green dresses. F. C. B. “ There's another unconscious humor- ist," rcmarked the footpad, as he sandbag- ged the punster.— Wasldug/on Star- OUR FLOWER. GARDENSKAND THE LESSONS THEY TEACH. [Read before llruncli County Pomona Grange at Girarcl, by Mrs. Ioliii Button of Batavia Grange.] " Thanks to the liuinan heart bv which we l|Vt, Thanks to its tenderness. its 'ovs and fears; To me the nieuncst flower that lows can give Tliouglits that often lie too deep for tears." He that hath no love of flowers hath no poetry in his soul, and they who do not love them for their own sweet sake are deprived of one of the purest sources of pleasure in existence. All flowers are beau- tiful, there can be no ugly ones; no, not one; and those who are able to analyze and name all parts of flowers must indeed be blest. “Our flower gardens!” what a source of delight, health and knowledge they afford. A home in the country may be ever so beautiful yet is not nearly complete without flowers. In the city they are equally if not more necessary in a sanitary point of view if no other. In the culture of our flower gardens one can scarcely harbor impure thoughts, purity, beauty, sweetness, all ex- hibit in these our beautiful flowers. Many an enthusiastic florist knows little or nothing of the de- lights of the study of botany, and many a student of botany knows as little of the cultivation of flow- ers. The two should go “hand in hand” to reach the ultimatum in the cultivation of flowers. But few amateur florists have ever known anything of the study of this most interesting of books; even those who are on the downhill side of life yet are still lovers and cultiva- tors of flowers could add much to their enjoyment by taking up this study. In this as in many other things, we are “never too old to learn.” To those who live far in the country the flowers we culti- vatc in our gardens will largely supply the place of friends and neighbors; indeed, in my own case they are my friends and company, and when domeszic cares oppress and burden my flower garden is the greatest source of relief to me. I forget all annoyances while watch- ing each plant, opening bud, and perfect bloom. One can scarcely estimate the benefits derived from the cultivation of flowers; the dig- ging and spading in the earth, iii- haling Grod’s pure air and the per- fume of sweet flowers. In the care of our flower gardens we gain health and strength. “ best boon to mankind given.” The lessons taught are innumer- able. Just look on a lovely flower! What a marvelous piece of mech- anism; what purity grace and sweet- ness are therein combined, all that is oeautiful and good. Perseve- rance, patience, hops and joy; joy tha-I: we are permitted to have and cultivate tliese flowers; hope that these pure emblems of God’s good- ness and greatness may lead us to a higher estimate of and more perfect life; patiently hiding our time, persevering in the path of duty, being sustained by His grace, and leaving the result to an all wise Providence who created these beau- tiful flowers. AT “ HOME.” Hollis (:‘rrange feel that more than a passing notice is due to the social g:ithci*ing held at their hall Saturday evening, April 1, for the purpose of observing Easter. Noth- ing was left undone that Patrons know how to do to make it a suc- cess. The literary program of the evening was nicely arranged, music, recitations and reading, lending each its varied charm. Brother A. P. Gleason gave a recitation entitled, “ Pioneer Life,” in his quaint way, that deserves special mention. Brother and Sister Brott were to give a dialogue, and while all were watching the curtain expectantly, large letters were thrown before the curtain spelling the words “April Fool.” Not less pleasing was the supper consisting of eggs prepared in sev- eral different ways, biscuits and l)1ll.l’.t‘l‘, pickle and coffee. From the shouts and merry peals of laughter arounil the table when some un- fortunate brother or sister would bite into a piece of cotton batting or break an egg filled with sawdust niade one 1‘v.'lIlt3lI1l)€I‘ it was “ April F ool.” Mas. (loin. SUTHERLAND, Correspondent. Daisy: “ \Vlicn I get big, like you, mam- ma, I’m going to marry a doctor or min- ister.” Mammn: “ \Vh_y, my dear?” Daisy: “ ‘Cause if I marry a doctor I can get well for nothing, and if I marry a minister I can be good for nothing."——Funn_y Folks. ' Secretary's receipts for dues. per hundred“ _ APRIL 15, 1893. 4 run GRANGE VISITOR. 7 Q is a book containing illustrations, prices and descriptions of 30,000 articles in common use, .a book that will show youéat a glance if you are paying too much for the goods you are now buying, WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU? Is it worth the 15 CENTS in stamps re- quired to pay postage or express charges on a copy? THE BUYERS GUIDE AND CATALOGUE (issued every March and September) is the book we are talking about; you are not safe without a copy of the latest edition in_the house. MONTGOMERY WARD & co., I I I to I I6 Michigan Ave., Chicago. In writing mention THE GBANGE VISTIOR OFFICIAL DIR:-:c1'oRvlcRAND RAPIDS and Omcers National Grange. MAs'ri:ia—.l. H. BRIGHAM _______ __ Delta. Ohio 0vziisr.itn——E. W. DAVIS .... "Santa Rosa, Cal. l.u9c'rUiuss—l\l0li'l‘lMElt \vui'1'i«.iii«.Au ______ _. L‘ . St-.. N. W., Wasiiingtnn, D. C. 8'rEwAiiD——A. . PAGE .... _.Appleton City, lilo. Ass": DTEWARD-U. E. l{ALL._-__l’awiiee, ;\eb. CEAPLAIN—CHAS. MC ‘ iANl EL. New Hampshire TREASUBEB—F. M. McDOWEL.Penn Yan, N. sEORE'IARY—JOHN TRIM Bl..E,Washington, D.( . uni-. KEEPEB—-\V. ll. NELisUN...... Tennessee CEREs~MRt5. J. H. BRIGHAM,____Delta, Qhio PoiioNA—MRs. E. BOWEN _______ ..Unniiecticiit_ F~L.,R.._.MRH Fl P‘. WIT HHV, . .... Mississippi LAD! Ass": S'rrw’n—MRS. N. B. DOUGLASS-. tlherboi-it. Mass. Executive Committee. LEONARD Rli0l\'E..Center Hull. Pennsylvania J. ,1. WUUDMAN. _______ _.Paw Paw. Mi_cbi_r-'a_ii X. X. CHABTIERS ._.Fredericksburg, Virginia Committee on Woma.n‘s Work in the Grange. MR8. H. H. WOODMA.N...Paw Paw, Michigan MRS. 0. EL.E(‘/'1‘.-1 BOWEN. Woodstock, (Toun. MR8. E. W. DAVIS, Santa Rosa. California Oflioers Michigan State Grange. MA3TE3—G. B. HORTON ......... --Frill“ Ridge Ov]:asEE3—.\1. T. (‘OLE ........... ..Pal_inyrii I.rIrrusiiiz—A. J. CROSBY. J3 ------- --Ypsilanti 3-1-Ew“m_ ,~,, p_ (‘,}{,-\Y __________________ .,Archie Ass’r S'rr:wAsi;-.5 . 2’. 5l.\RTl}l. Bux «'43- Grand 38 1 Rapid: c —MARY A. MAYO tt._e (‘res T§;:.::I‘iii:R-E. A. STRONG... ___V1cksburE SxosE'rAsv—-J EN NIE BUELL ______ _.Ann Arbor GATE KEEPEB—-GEO. L. UAflLISLE_.Kalkaska Css.i:s—MAR¥ C. ALLLS Adrian FL(m.A—MRS SARAH ST. (lLAlR__ Butternut PoiroNA—MttS. A. A.LEIGHTON__.0ld Mission L. A. B'rr:w’D— MRS. J .H. MARTIN Grand Rapids Executive Committee.E 3' "_-I J. G. RAMSDEL-L. Chn ......... ..Travem. Cit»: H. D. 1>i..irr-. ................... .-..—Yi>s,i1anti THO8. Ar$b.__._._ - ...Berrien Lenter W. E. WEIGHT .Co1dwater H. H. NUS. -- Stanton %;.l%' “.l‘ti3‘- ..-.-i-..S.’,~‘:’.‘.:’i G. if.“rio’s'ro'i.'. l Exoficio .1*’ruitRidi;e JENNIE l3UEL1,, .._.Ann Arbor Committee on Woman’s Work in the §£'.~‘i:}.=i Grange. : «:3 E Mrs. M Sh ood Hinds ............ —-Stanton Mrs. Mg A. eilihvyo ........... .. Battle l reek was 0__J_ (yamgnter ____________ _,:_ . Dimondale C] t_'_ General Deputy. Lecturers. MARy A_ MAYO ________________ -_Battle Creek HON. J. J. WOODMAN... ...... --Paw Paw HON U_ G_ LULE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Coldwater HUN. PERRY MAYO.-- ...- UM-16 Ufeek HOV THOS. MAiiS._ _.Bei'rien Center .Paw P_aw l)_ B _ K _ ____ _-Lansing (;_ L, wu1'1'NEy__ ....... ..Muakegoii County Deputies. D_ I{_ Stel-,bm5r______> ____At\vood, Axitritii C . C. V. I\'ash_____, Bloomi . dale, Allegzrii R. B. Reynolds" -_._.-. ‘id: 3311119 Gem Bow,-er ____ __,Do\v.. ;, Burr " jmnes D. Stiidlcy Union City, Brant: “ R. V. Llzirk ____ _Bucha.iiaii, Berrien “ J_ W'_ Enuert __________ __ St, johns, (‘liuton “ Mary A_ Mayo ______ "Battle Creek, Ciilliuuii “ wm_ Clark _ _ _ ‘ _ _ _ _ _ __Ch;iric\-oix, Chiirlevoix “ Mrs. Biiia \Viley Ca~sopolis. ‘Cass “ A. D. Bank _. _l.:ui.lllil F, W’. Havens... _.Fitclihurg, liigliiim “ J. A. Courtriglit__ Duck Lake, _l‘ilL‘k>«()l1 Robert Dockery, _,,___._Rockford, Kent “ . T. Cobb ,___, lchoolcruft, Kziluiiiiizuu “ izimes (ireasen ._ t: _K2ilk:isk21, Kzilkziskii “ iram Bradshaw _ _ _ _ __Nortli ilruticli, Lztpccr “ Fred Dcim ______ _ _ __ ifflglllilll, Li\'iii;,g-ton E_ ‘.'f, Allis _____________ ..-'\d"51“y L*5“"“"'eC Crvst.-il, Moiitcziliii “ u _ , ster , _ _ , _ _. .. Geo H Le _Be2ir Luke, .\l;uii>tce Big Kiiliids, .\ic(ust;1 _____Dl>C(), .l-iitcniiili “ ,Fl:it Rock, Mourot: “ ll T. F. Rodgcrs_______,_:l{:ivciiii21, .\I'll.N'l((‘gOi‘l W‘, W’. Carter __________ ..ASh1=md_a 1\t"V'«lY‘-£0 ___Hiidsmi\‘illc, Utuuval. “ R, ll liiyior ____Sliclli_v, ()t'i.-aiizi. “ ‘D. Murlin _____ ._ Vernon, .\lii;i\v2i~.~cc “ A. VV. Canfield__ __ llzirtsuff, St. Clair “ \\,'m_ B_ I,-angley‘ Cciitcrvillc, N.‘ Jiiscpli " Geo. Edwards ________ "Birch Run, §2tglll:|\\' “ M_ C_ Kerr ___ ______(::lI'S0ll\'lllE, :w;uiil.:c “ .. u _l-:i\vrcncc, Vim liureti Plyiiiiiutli, VV:t_vi:c " ‘ilztitti, \\ :islitcii:1\\ ‘ Cudillzic, \'\"exftml “ John E, u alt-ox'___, ohn A. Mcl)oug:i.l . C. Norris ,,,,,, __ Revised List ot' Grange Supplies Kept in the ofiice of Sec’y of the Michigan State Grange And sent out post-paid on receipt of Cash Order. over the Seal of a subordinate Grange, and the signature of its Master or Secretary. Porcelain ballot marbles. P91‘ hundred ..... ..$U 7-§ Secret-aryzs ledges -------------------------- — - 5° 0 ,___.......-------—---— »~- i-"i°..'..‘i3’.';’.-?. ffifieis. bound. per hundred .... .. Ti-easurer’s receipts for does. D01‘ hundred ~ -- A plications for membership. DB1'll“Ddl'9d- - ~ jghdmwal cards, per dozen . . . . . . . . . . - - - -. Dimits, in envelopes. per dozen.__... . By-Laws of the State Grange, single co ies, 10c; per dozen,_._.__.....,.. ----—,-—- "Glad Echoes,” with music, single copies, 25¢; per duzen..., ------------------------ -— 3 Grange Melodies. single copy, 40¢; per dozen 4 Opemng Song (lard. 2c each; 75c per 50: 100 . 1 - Rituals. 7th edition (with combined degrees). ‘ 25ceach'perdozen ...... .,___.. . & Bituals, Fitli degreeuset of nine... . 1 Rituals, J nvenile, single copy- . Rituals, Juvenile. per set... 1- Notice to delinquent members, per 100.. . . . . American Manual of Parliamentary Law__.. Digest of Laws and Rulings. Roll books .....-----------,---——.---—----—«~——- ggmple package ctroperative literature“... _ Write for prices on gold pins badges, working tools, staff monntipgs, seals, ot boxes and any “ha I . ,A(&°nplI1B.§ JENNIE BUELL, 85 85 35 35 59 NM vi: 335933 5388 :1‘ ,Boc’y Mich. State Grange. Aim Anson Mics ;_:.s.~'.s Indiana Railroad Jan’y. 29, 1893.—Centrzil Standard Time. GOING NORTH. ‘No. 1 No. 3 No. 5 No !. P. !i1.iA.M. P. M. A. M. Cincinnati, Lv _______ __i ____ _g’ ts 05 9 10 ____ .. Richmond ____________ __l 2 20 :10 55 ll 45 ____ __ l f P. M. A. M. Fort Wayne.Ar .__.._.,§ 6 O0 , Z 15 3 ()5 ____ _. Fort Wayne, Liv _ , _ _ _ , _,l ,,,, __' 2 35 3 20 8 05 Kalam:izo_o.Ar...- _. A.M. 6 us 6 50 ll 40 K2‘il(lYllHZ(!0. Lv _______ __ -l 20 6 25 7 10 12 25 Grand Rapids, Ar _____ __ 6 45 8 10 9 00 2 20 : P. M. Grand Rapids. Lv ____ __ '7 20 10 10 1 10 4 15 A. M. Cadillac _____ __ 2 30 5 00 9 00 P. M. Traverse City._ ____ __ 7 U0 ____ __ Petoskey..‘ __________________ __ 6 35 9 15 ____ __ A. M. Mackinaw. Ar ........ .. FP. M 8 05 10 35 P. M. GOING SOUTH. No. 2 No. 6iNo ‘ P.M. A. M. I P. Mackinaw City, Lv.__._ 5 30 '7 10 12 Petuskey._.___.___ _ 7 03 8 40 2 Traverse City.- -. ____ __ 11 00 4 A. M. P. M. Cadillac ______________ __ 12 10 1 20 6 35 7 40 Grand Rapids, Ar _____ __ 6 30 5 80 10 40 11 50 Grand Rapids, Lv ____ __ 7 00 8 ()0 ll 20 2 00 Kalamazoo, Ar _. 8 50 8 00 ll’. 55 3 40 Kalamazoo, Lv 8 55 8 05 .... ._ 3 45 For‘. Wayne. Ar _ 12 40 ll 50 A. M. 7 15 Fort Waste. Lv _ 1 00 12 10 5 45 ____ _. Richmond , _ , . 4. "ll 3 40 9 15 ____ _. Cincinnati, Ar ______ _, I it‘ ‘ as ll; 5‘! .-... , F‘. ‘I. 5 .i.ii.. r. 11.. P. at. Sleeping cars for Petoskey and Iiciscitlnntv on No.3 rpm Grand p" s. _ Nslpeping cars, Grand Rapids to Chicago, on 0- . N Slgeping cars, Grand Rapids to Cincinnati, on o. . Nos. I and 4 daily south of Grand Rapids. Nos. 5 and 6 daily south of Grand Rapids. All other trains daily except Sunda . . . LOCKyWO0l_) G. P. .2 T. Ag‘t. Grand Rapids. The People’s of . Lansing Savings Mich Bank Capital, $150,000.00 \V. _I. BEAL, President A. A. \VILBUR, Vice President C. H. OSBAND, Cashier, . \\'e triinszict :1 general banking business. Pay ltiterestfsii tune deposits. If you have any bank- ing l‘l|l>2lllt:SS come and see us. In writing mention THE GRANGE Visrron. llfYOU‘..‘lHINK or some Yfl'..‘§5mT K.-i=r.L_,l'r-f.‘rc>’ui=z‘ iNouifni,§s IN. ' inc; AND SEND To -« cam. PASSR.‘ AGENT-_ ,5 GRAND i=.Amos.M1cH,_ u I r§FbPNAT:oN Pl‘-l0MPTL‘Y’Gl\lF.N. Every Man whose watch has been rung out of the bow (ring), by a pickpocket, Every Man whose watch has been damaged by drop- ping out of the bow, and Every Man of sense who merely compares the old pull- out bow and the new will cxclaim: “Ought to have been made long ago!" ltcan't be twisted offthecase. Can only be had with _]as. Boss A Filled and othercases stamped with this trade mark W Ask your jeweler for pamphlet. é=v-*°::.‘:;:::.<.=:=' °=~ BUILDING A SILO. JAMES M.‘ TURNER. In regard to the construction of a proper silo, I would say by all means build a. round one, if at lib- erty to construct just such an one as may be thought best. Possibly some may have large basement. barns with extensive bay origin- ally intended to hold their hay crop, which could readily be con- verted into a silo. Those thus sit- uated may be justified in arranging a square silo. I was uninformed on this subject when the silos at Springdale Farm were planned and constructed and therefore easily fell into the error of making all of the seven silos there square or di- vided into square bins. We found it necessary, in order to provide for the extraordinary lateral pres sure upon these bins to use 2 x 12 studding 22, 24 or 26 feet in length, for the outside walls as well as for ‘the cross partitions. In addition to this, we inserted three courses of bridging in each side wall, and notwithstanding all this we find that the pressure when the silo is full frequently forces out the sides from two to six inches in places, and on some occasions the air has thus been allowed to penetrate the mass of ensilage and impair its DDUBLI burn J‘ SAWN FROM 2!! PLAIIK ; I1‘-_';l; snows . ,,.. .... -. “,:......._ .- S 3 ‘z a‘ a 2 <. o u u -I u 1 > c I STUD unto run if 1”"? 4" OQAII PULL Bl2.R sia.o'i*iol.";i»‘ L.lNlNG. L ‘N7 value. Silos built after my plans it will be readily seen, are too ex- pensive to be practicable, requir- ing too much timber .to properly secure them. I have since found that, while my silos with the 2x 12 studding were unable‘ to contain the mass of ensilage without the side walls getting out of plumb, although the studding was placed but 12 inches from center to center, others who have built round silos of 2x4 studding. placing them from 14 to 16 inches from center tocenter, have been able to main- tain the walls entirely plumb when filled with ensilage, by this plan reducing the cost of the stud- ding contained in the silo 66% per ‘ cent, even if they were placed the same distance apart as in the square bins. This, it will be readily seen, becomes an important item in silo construction. In order to be prac- ticable, they must of necessity be cheaply erected. With a view to more fully explaining this point, I. submit herewith: BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE (ION-' STRUCTION or A (YIRCULAR “SILO" or 207.63 TONS CAPACITY. Excacations.—Excavate trench for Wall not less than three feet deep. of sufiicient width to allow the wall to be laid, without the- earth touching the stone, until the mortar is set, throw the earth from the trenches to the outside; this will be used to grade and fill around the building. Mason Work.—The well should start from solid ground, or a bed of concrete, and should be well built of large stone, in the manner of a barn wall. The mason should see that the bond timbers, of 2 x 8 hemlock plank, sawed on the outer edge -to a radius of twelve feet, are firmly bedded in the mortar and in a perfectly level position. Bolt the bond timber to the wall by means of quarter-inch bolts, twenty- four inches long, turned up at the bottom, with not less than three bolts to each length of bond. ../3:.. non: wAi.L Carpenter Worlc.—The carpen- ter should see that the bond timb- ers are ready for the mason, and that the plates are all properly sawed; the studding will be placed not more thou sixteen inches on centers; the opening should be about three feet wide and triple studded; the opening should be spanned by at least ten quarter- inch bolts of sufiicient length to bolt through the three studs on each side; the bolts should be fit- ted with large washers; all plates and rafters should be thoroughly spiked to their bearings; the plates should break all joints by as nearly one-half of their length as possi- ble; the roof boards should be laid not more than one and a half inches apart and fastened by at least two nails to every bearing. Shingles should be laid five inchesto weather and have two nails each. Lim'1i_q.——The lining (see sec- tion) will be made of two thick- nesses of half-inch boards, laid to break joints by one-half of their width. These should be firmly se- cured to every bearing and have a thickness of tarred paper between the boards. Outside Covering,-The outside covering may be of live-eigliths inch novelty siding, or may be sheathed diagoiially and shingled, or may be covered with corrugated iron. Be- DRAWINGS snowmc THE CONSTRUCTION or A CIRCULAR SILO. ,_ . _ . . . _ . ..42'l-'o'._...----....,_ ggo-,‘ vtim «........-.-.-...._-. I I u : smnmi .. wmnaivs -o-an To SIVVIIG IN fore the covering is put on there should be a thickness of tarred paper spread over the studs from top to bottom. Every joint should be over a stud and should lap, say two inches, and be well nailed. The silo should have one or more dormer windows, with sash hung so as to swing in. They should be fitted with suitable bolts, etc. The valleys and joints of dormer and main roof should be well flashed with good tin. The opening of silo should have jambs fitted to re- ceive boards as they are required in filling or using from the silo. The interior should be given a good coat of hot tar and pitch. I‘ I give here a list of material and quantity, with prices of labor and material as I find about Lan- sing: Excavation ___________________ __ $2 50 Stone wall ___________________ __ 43 O0 80 feet, lineal, 2x 8 circle bonds___ 2 30 490 feet, lineal, 2x4 circlc plates__ 7 50 56 pieces 2x4 rafters 20 feet long, 6 25 2,280 feet 5-S cove siding ______ __ 41 10 6,000 C. B. shingles_____________ I5 00 2 dormer windows______________ 20 O0 170 pieces 2x4 t2 ft. long, for stud- ding ________ _________ _______ I6 63 Nails ________________________ __ 7 00 408 yards tarred paper, 6% rolls__ 8 25 2,700 ft. )5 inch by 6inch sheathing 5 O0 770 feet V3 inch sheathing ______ __ 5 Carpenter labor _______________ ,_ 72 00 Ten (to) }4 inch iron rods 3 feet 10 inches long with burs and washers; thirty six (36) % inch iron bolts 24 inches long, 3 inches bent at a right angle at one end, for anchors ________________ _- 2 50 $298 98 The drawings, elevation and di- mensions herewith submitted will more fully explain to those inter- ested in silo construction. A glance at the above drawings will demonstrate to any mechanic the impossibility for a silo in this form to get out of plumb or shape in the least, as each strip of siding on the outside and each strip of lining on the interior is constantly acting as a hoop on the barrel, and willll hold the contents equally as we . It will be seen from the fore- going plans and specifications that to properly house 207.63 tons of ensilage in a. circular silo 2-1 feet in diameter and 24 feet 10 inches in depth, will cost, at prices which are current here, nearly $300. I am confident, however, that in many localities much of the ma.- terial may be found upon the farm, and labor may be obtained at more advantageous rates, considerably reducing the above cost. A silo of this size would be entirely suitable for a farmer intending to maintain a dairy of 30 cows or the equiva- lent of this in any other stock. An opportunity will be seen to greatly increase this capacity without in- creasing the diameter, by simply adding to the length of the stud- ding. For instance, under this plan, another set of twelve-foot stpdtling could be added, making the silo 36 feet deep, which would add nearly twice to its capacity when filled, as the increased depth would result in much greater com- pression of the mass; and while on its face it would seem to in- crease the capacity but fifty per cent, it would in reality greatly exceed this. This increased com- pression would result in still better ensilage, so that the increase of size would have more than one ad- vantage. Lansing. THESE MEET AROUND. EDITOR GRANGE VIsIToR——Per- haps some of your readers would like to know if Battle Creek Grange N o. 66, is still in existence. To suchI will say that, although not very strong in numbers, yet we are having very interesting meet- ings and are getting some new re- cruits. We have held our meet- ings at the houses of the different members during the winter and find it a pleasant change. I send ‘ou the ro rain which was carried 3 P g _ out at our last meeting, held at the residence of Brother and Sister Hoag. Meeting at to o’clock A. M. Initiation in first degree. Refreshments. initiation in second degree. Quotations by all. Song by me. firang-, - - — “ Things most needed to make country life pleasant,” Lillie Adams. “ Incidental profits on the farm,” Frank Minges. ‘* Can farmers lessen their hours of labor without detriment to themselves?" Frank Hoag. Song. Recitation, L. E. Smith. Question for discussion: “ Are agricult- ural experiment stations a benefit to the farmer?” The program was fully carried out, the doors being opened to the public, after the initiation, quite a number not members being pres- ent. REPORTER. THEY DID IT. DeWitt, Mich. EDITOR GRANGE VIsIToB——I feel that I must through your valuable paper inform Brother Batik that we have not fallen very much short of what he wished us to do when he was among us. He requested us to try, and if possible, secure ten new members soon. This year, so far, we have reinstated one old member, just finished taking in two new members and have a class of six to start on at the next meet- ing and hope soon to add more to our number. VVe had Washington exercises February 25. Several outside the gates were present. Our exercises consisted of music, both vocal and instrumental, recitations, selec- tions, tableaux and Dr. Top ping read a. carefully prepared historical address on George Wash- ington which was both interesting and instructive. Our hall was tastefully decorated with VVash- ington’s picture, evergreens and the national colors. At our last Grange meeting the following committees were ap- pointed: . Executive—Elmer Lankton, N. L. Webb, Dr. G. \V. Topping. Finance—Ada Bedcll, Ellen Ferguson, l\irs. A. Cattermole. Cli2irity—-.\lattie Simmons, ex oflicio, E. H. Bedell, Flora Cattermole, Jerome Dills. Womaii’s VVorlt-—Mrs. Ada Bedcll, Liz- zie VVebb, Elizabeth Steinhardt. Correspondent to GRANGE Visiroit Mrs. C. L. Pearce. ' Every time we go to Grange we can but wonder why every farmer, every farmer’s wife and daughter, cannot be made to see it would be to their interest to join the Grange. Mas. C. L. _PEABOB.‘ ._\was damaged by insects. l‘I:IE GRANGE VVISITOR. APRIL S15, 1893.. Nofices of Mzefings . HILLSDALE couxrv POMONA will hold its next meeting in I-lillsdale at G. A. R. hall, Thiirsday, May 4, 1893, 10 o'clock sharp. All 4th degree members are expected to attend. Let every Grange be represented. The following program will be rendered: Paper, Sister Bush of jefferson Grange. Select reading. Sister Bertie Edwards, Adams Grange. Recitation, Sister Alice Pease, Wheat- land Grange. Paper, “ How does environment of chil- dren effect their future usefulness," Sister J. W. Hutchins, of Scipio Grange, followed by discussion. Recitation, V\’orthy Lecturer. Questions for question box, by Brothers Dresser, Wagner, \Valwortli, Kirby and the Worthy Secretary. ~ .\IRs. E. D. Noxizs, Cmmt_y /.cc/urn’. CROP BULLETIN. Norlherrz Srction—Owing to the ground being covered with snow in many portion.- of this section, the crop is still somewhat backward. Some correspondents report the ground clear in exposed localities, and in these places wheat is looking well. Central Seclion—Nearl y all stations in this section report the weather as having had a favorable effect on the crops. Most of the farmers have finished making sugar, and have begun spring plowing. In some localities oats, clover, peas and grass Il3.\'t been sown, and wheat is looking well ex- cept iii clay soils. Meadows and pastures are reported in good shape. Fruit pros- pects are good. In the eastern counties of this section the spring has been reported its somcwliat backward, except in Sanilac county where all Crops have made good progress, and the farincrs have commenced plowing. In Mecosta and Allegan counties, the weather has been cold and the crop is backward. No serious injury is reported. Sout/mrn .§‘:'rfio;i—All the counties in this section report crop prospects as being good, except \Vashtenaw, where the wheat has been injured by cold weather and ice. and Old clover is dead. Some plowing on light soil is going on in the southern por- tion of this county. In all other counties the weather has been all that could be de- sired. The warm rains have started a vig- orous growth of wheat, and fruit buds are sound and swelling fast. Plowing is gen- eral and oat sowing is in progress. A large acreage of celery will be planted in Kala- mazoo county. Grass and clover have im- proved. The recent liailstorins have not injured crops or fruit buds perceptibly. Some of the wheat sown early last autumn Strawberries, ra§p"5€frTé:‘s"'ai'i'tI"l3I'zIEIi't'fi:T“i"i§ have come through the winter in good condition. For the Stat:-2-On the whole the season is starting out with better prospects than last year. While in some localities the season is backward, the reports from our correspondents all indicate that with the approach of warmer weather the crops will progress rapidly. Warm rains and sun- shine are needed in the northern counties and upper peninsula. A SIFGGESTION. To Tiii: EDITOR: The Gimnoii VISITOR deserves great. credit for agitating the question of good roads. The suggestive article by Mr. Bailey last. winter was, I trust, read and digested by every legislator. As afford ing perhaps yet further hints regarding good roads, I wish to present an obser- vation or two. Mr. Bailey uses the gravel road as his illustration of a superior highway. I trust he does not intend that as the goal of a. road builder’s ambition. Engineers tell us that no road but one of stone or brick, or asphalt, or similar road metal will have the desired properties at all seasons. We wish a hard, firm, smooth, dustless surface over which to haul our loads. A Macadam or a ’I‘elfcrd- macadam roadway would be entirely satisfactory in Michigan if properly laid. For the main traveled roads this would be none too good; the second grade roads should be graveled, the by-roads well turnpiked and drained. Under heavy travel in wet weather a gravel road becomes almost. impassable. Deep ruts form in it. I saw the fine graveled drives of Arlington (U. S. cem- etery, Va.) scored and cut by the wheels of the heavy omnibuses, cabs, etc., which carried the throng of visitors there when the Grand Anny encampment was in progress here in September. A heavy rain came at the unopportune time, and a well-made gravel roi-.d was found want- ing. J ust across the Potomac the con- duit road winds down to Washington from Great Falls. It protects the aq ne- duct. that supplies the city, and furnishes a superb drive as well. The farmers along this highway haul great loads of hay to Washington during the winter, and obtain from $3 to $5 more 9. ion for it than though they were compelled to wait. like their Virginian neighbors till the roads dry up. It pays to have good Cornell University has constructed a bit of model road, I am told, which serves as an object lesson. A sign board states its cost of construction and of maintenance. If the good citizens of Lansing and vicinity would aid the civil engineers of the Michigan Agricultural College .a similar model highway could be laid between the Agricultural College and Lansing. The sections of it might be made of difierent road metal if de- sired. say the one within the city limits of asphalt. the next of Telford—macadam or of vitrified brick, and the remainder of Macadam. A series of placards stat.- ing the original cost, and the cost of maintenance would complete the lesson. A superb boulevard would be possible; given such a roadway, and its usefulness noways lessened by its giving delight. Our legislators and the visitors to Lan- sing would appreciate a drive which the seasons could not convert into a cloud of dust or a slough of despair. It is to be hoped that at least one good citizen of each enterprising Michigan town may prove a public benefactor by laying out some model road. As I was writing this article I received a call from a scientific gentleman with wide experi- ence as a bicyclist. He told me of the eiforts of agentleman in Delhi, Delaware county. New York, who, some years ago constructed five miles of Macadam road. This set the pattern, and an oasis of good roads has appeared in the dreary desert of New York highways. In Delhi the people have mended their ways. As a result it has come to be a summer resort for wealthy city people who love '00 coach, and money has flowed to the little town by the hundreds of thousands. Is there not a suggestion here for our Michigan business men‘? It pays to encourage re sorters. Mun y a Michigan town now discouraged because it has not one rail- way, would awake to new life had it afine system of driveways radiating from it. Many it pretty landscape of our State remains unknown because poor roads render it inaccessible. Every one would drive to Pine Lake from Lansing were the roads ever fine. About Pontiac the roads are graveled, and the people advertise this fact. It has helped them boom their town. Railways in the east find it to their in- terest to construct fine drives through picturesque regions accessible to than lines. I have visited recently “ Fair View,” a park on a mountain top in Pa. kept in superb condition by the Delaware & Hudson R. K. To me the most strik- ing feature of its engineering was the “ red shell” walks and drives,- firm, dr) and smooth. The fact that immense num- bers of people resort to this picnic ground every summer from the adjacent cities and villages surprises no one who sees the park. This is true as well of Glen Onoki which the Lehigh Valley R. R. maintains. If it pays these railways, why would it not pay the handsome little Micliigai towns to establish about them superl driveways? Michigan’s finest scenery It even yet practically inaccessible. F01 artistic reasons, for commercial reasons for reasons of comfort let us have goot roads. Truly yours, H. B. CANt\'0N. I'I.L1Sh'L")i'.gl'0Il, I). C. By organization the farmers becomc the balance of power on all questions politically and socially, but. to accomplisl this. the iption must. be independent ant free from partisanship. The farmer: may easily agree upon all the great socia and economic questions of our time, free: from party prejudice, but to undertaka to morally and politically agree at I2Il( same time is asking more than it is pos- sible at the present time to obtain. The millennium has not yet arrived.—Wester-n Rural. A 15 YEARS’ TEST. LzI_/zrycttc Cu.’ II/'i'5., 4-6’, 1893. Di-:An SiR—I have been using Inger- soll’s Ready Mixed Paints for more than I 5 years, and have been well satisfied with them ever since. They retain their ltlSll'( longer than any paint I have ever used, and I shall always recommend them when- ever an opportunity occurs. Fraternally yours, JAMES W. FRESTRAIL. (See Adv. Ingersoll’s Liquid Rubber Paints.-—-ED.) You Can Help THE VISITOR by Patronizing Our Advertisers THE MAG ES. The April Areria contains a strong paper by Hamilton Garland ‘on the “ Future of Fiction.” Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace writes on ‘the VVage-VVorker and how he maybe delivered from the Social Qiiag- mire. W. D. McCrackan discusses “ How the Initiative and Referendum ma_v be In- troduced into our Government.” Eva Mc- Donald Valesh appears in a striking paper on “ The Tenement I-louse Problem in New York." Rev. George Lorimer writes on “ Aiithority in Christiaiiity,” and Mr. Flower tlisciisses at length “ The Burning and I._vnching of Negroes in the South." Other papers of interest in this number are by B. F. Underwood, Katharine Coolidge. Chester A. Reed, Helon E. Storrett and Allan Forman. ' -M " THE BUSY M.-\N’s M.AoAziNi-2.” The lr‘r:~1'eu' of Re'v1'eri's has adopted for itself the above title. It is its “ pet” name and an appropriate one it is; for the maga- zine gives abstracts of the best articles of all the magazines of each month; the con- tents of all of them and comments on some of them. So that we can tell exactly where to look for the best articles on the subjects he is interested in. It is an especially val- uablc magazine for the wide awake farmer Not that it makes a specialty of farming. but in addition to these abstracts it present.’ comments on current events and several valuable articles on political themes. It ought to be taken by the farmers. Hariicss; You will notice on page 5 the adver tiscinent of the Hand Made Barnes» C0., Stanton, Mich. They are reliablc ')6()ple, and refer to Hon. H. H. Hinds if Stanton, member of executive commit tee of State Grange. Write to them. At last a medical work that tells the causes. ' describes the elrecta, points we i-cined . _ Tim. is scientifically the most valuable art stic-all, , the most beautiful, medical book that has 9;: poured for years; 96 co, every page bean:-.w a huilf-tone lllusn-at on in tints. some or it-.: sub;ectn treated are Nervous Deblllty. Imp.- ten . Sterility, Development, Vnrlcocele, Ili- Husgund Those Intending Marriage, etc. Every anwho won I.-nowthe Grand Truths. Plain Finds. the Old Secrets and New Di.- r.-overica of Medical Science as applied to Mar- ried LU’ who would atonhfm or past fullirs 8 and a any write for tit‘ wo2v1>ii:R§i‘7lL 1.fii¥Lii: hook. is It will be sent free, under seal. while the edi- tion lasts. It convenient enclose ten cents to DB! postage alone. Address the publishers. ERIE MEDICAL 60.. l!lTl'l‘Al.o, N. Y. Qosososososobosos “Everything For The Poultry ii '1 { P0 f§,§’z,.1 ’ Su\\\\\\e$ . 8 l’ MOST COMPLETE STOCK IN AMERICA. . PRICES GUARANTEED THE LOWEST.---Distance no ' obstacle; we equalize freight: and Uhip cuarywliora. I E Our sum.-.L. BRAHMAS. RUFF cocl-luvs. PLYMOUTH 3 B I I Q ‘§vO%O ROCKS. LANGSHANS and W. WYANDOTTS. Do You Want Our Catalogue ? E0 pagemfinely illustrated, full of information; it till! all; lendfnr it to-day and MENTION TH/S PIPER. . MICHIGAN POULTRY FARM, _ Geo. J. Nlssly, Prop. SALINE. MICH.' QOOOQOQOCOQOQOOOC EAGLE BRAND "*5 ROOFING BEST Is unequaled for house. barn, factory or out- buildings, and costs half the price of shingle-. tin or iron. It is ready for use and easily applied‘ by anyone. Send stamp for samples and state size of roof. Excelsior Paint and Routing Co. 155 Duane St.. New York. N. Y. SUCCESSFUL AUVERTISNG! If you wish to make and save money by adverti~ing any thing, any where, at any time Successfully at reduced rates, be sure to see or write. JOHN DAWSON & 00.. General News ape: Advertising gents. ii-so coi.i.o!i BLOCK. linnnnonis. IINN. ?EED$mw! Semi for my SEED A1.- MANAO. The only book of the kind FREE. Novel- ties, and hundreds of fine seeds. Write now. ' H. E. TWEED, R1i>Linz,0. SHRDPSHIRES FOR ’93 liiiportul. llegisterod and Unregistered References: ex-Gov. Winans and _C. 8. Gregory, Banker, Dexter. Mich. Choice Yearling Rum and Ewe Lambs for sale Terms reasonable. Welpay half of freight or VALE TINE BROS” expneso. P. 0. Dunn. Lftoii. HAY‘l’R€35”E3 [STEEL PR£SSE§] vi . fi to... P S s 20 oanamcics wonKs.Kl.B Y.Fl.Y. V118‘??? Wat‘ bag, 1 iooorfi x. R73 iirers in the world that -’*.'AV years, and our Spiral Springs are warranted for 12 years. rccngniied I'IlllIlllfl\"Illl'Cl"S for the above organizations. mammoth display at the VVorlil’s Fair, in Chicago. You ,2 should order no B U G C I E3, C A R R I A G E5, WAGONS or HARNESS from any one until you have seen our New Grand Catalogue for I893,whicb It shows ever -I ./ "A"(:‘;rad¢.f4-0. @‘<’=° o 9 U is mailed free to any address. '-/ one hurdred new styles. with prices of vehicles ranging from $30upward. and Harness from S5 upward. Our goods are strictly handmade and fully warranted for IWO \Vc are Examine our The only ni-.-.nuf:i.c- sell their entire output ‘direct to the consumer. §.%s,o_;2ALLIi1cE CARRIAGE co. ..3.?.‘:.§S§Z::'.1.?.:i$*::‘:fi.':‘.*l;...Clnclnnati, 0. GIRRRD. IVIICHIGRN. GEO.W1$.. RlU*{ssELL,ll” BREEDER OF l’lll“6-Bl°6ll Il6l°6 0l‘ll Gfllllfi WE BUILD “low-|]nwn" Mill Wagons. Bakery Wagnrs and Gmceiv lllaunns. l.Vl‘lli’- I\a. tu.l1mi'Llclil..t..-. ... tho- l’.lIi.‘iIl:'IS "Lilli.-llllll.\ U ll'.lIlIl.I C0" I‘l':ll‘ll'lllt‘, .l. l’. pp;-cg niwith .~‘[aIi’I’s u 5 citing Excelsior Spraying Olitfits. Best in the market. Thousands in use. Catalogue. describ- ing all insects injurious to mailed Free. . Z ’_ n-mm. Address , wM.sTAHL,0uincy.lll‘ » ‘$io.oiii=oii $l.00 Pluiile no green goods nor lottery scheme. but a fab uusineso proposition, which we carry out as follows to any ponon suffering from rims in uniform .we otter the new dllcovery In medicine, 11 com ined external and Internal treatment known as the PYRAMID PILE GIIBE a.nabscIiit.elyoertnln cure for BLIND. BLEEDIKH. ITPIIING Ind PBIVIRIJIIING FILES. Gives INSTANT BELIEF. A PEIIVIANEIIT CUBIC. So lmrinless, it can be used In :\ child with perfect surety. and one pm-kiiize t-osiimr 0.\'F IJOLLAR WILL D0 Y0lJ ONE IIUNIHIED DOLLARS WORTH (H 6000. at least this Is the honestly expressed opinion oi hundreds who have been cured by it in the past year D0 l\0'l‘ BUFFER A DAY L0lIGER. but ask your druggist for it, or we will send it postpuid for $1.00. or asmal. trial package FREE for mats. in stainps, ulsoavnluabie DOOR telling all about piles suit free. Address PYILIMID ()0., ALBION, MICE lie RUMELY‘®a TRACTION AND PORTABLE INGINES. Tin-esliers and Horse Powers. rite ror Illustrated Catalogue, mulled Free, M. FIUMELY co.. LA FORTE, mu. FLINT N0iiiil.ii.l I so LLF. at In the pla;:[t)o3II37tId:::eSybtIi:TII3:::llnd Girls. lend for Year Book. G. E. SW.llll‘llllL’T, l. .'I., Principal. ‘In writing mention Tun GRANGE Visiron. The llanil~°Made Harness 60.. OF STANTON; NIICH. E. D. HAWLEY, Pres. Wu. H. Owns, Treas. O. MOORE. Sec”;/. _ Retail their own make of goods at wholesale price. We make a specialty of 530 double team work har- noes and SIG single harness. We guarantee satis- fuctiou, and prepay freight on five sets. By per- mission we refer to Hon. H. H. Hinds, of Stanton. is-no HATCHER E can show better results Over 60 in successful o ru- tion at Decatur. Ills, a one. The test hatch over no- comp ishod. % chicks hatch- ed at.ono_time,witha20capi- " city eliable Incubator. un rods 0 f testiinonmls. 3’Inclom 4 cents in stumps for new illn.-triitetl ciitalo Ina. Address TH! itooivizi-.4 0.. 0- LNO!.Ilal> RELIABLE INCDBA'L‘()B at In writing: inoiition 'I‘iii<: (lic\.\ii:t' \'isi'l‘on. I-latch chickens by Steam.‘ iurnovtlhgllglslofl l'_ll.lI:°l_l_l_3_,Inj loll Iltion. Sim Is. Prv/‘actual! S4-lr.Re_qiul?tl,i$.- ""’ on tend to gxiatciihia mmpai-ooh.‘ mt‘: or a. I n “'3 offorflloozgnntleuouat nu myothc. Bend Go. for min. Ubtllnfl. um. ll. STAJIL, quinq. ui. Ilui\;l\l-rIAI'UI'il|V\.i- in S i I:l-\l‘v. ?,.o“I"°‘( I C TOR ' \\" INCLJBATOR. 3 , , . - . l.‘.‘l'.l’g.‘.‘.’.’i‘l’.§i.‘i’§°s‘?‘.ii"‘.‘.3‘5.‘.‘....a.S$‘“ ‘Send 40. for ll us. atalogue. ., .__Ert.el 8: Co.. Mt‘ro,Qinncy. .l.ll.lJ’.S.A. DI‘ 3“"v°°° GRAPE VINES IOU Varieties Also Small Fruits Trees, etc. Be_st rooted stock. (lignnjne, ch_ea‘p_ yivo le vines mailed for c. Deacri ive ca is . IIEWIS RUESCH, Freilonia, N. Y. desiring to advance in ode. Ind. others to Illecoine teachers. attend he Normal . 6 «IR: idI(l\I' h.)BIIa' C I- i::°....° -".....'* .':........=° .. 40 mi ed d .li lomu. §:...°":.~..':*.. i.::..*.:.. ..s....... Ilrkcyllidieh. Ira nnnlquallu-On. Sh;-ur,Ih|¢h¢uI.0o |iicu3Aioii§...3iigon:ns Broader-sonly 00. uni. vvinninln O '3‘ all: YOUNG STOCK FOR SKLE. Favorite Lines to me Summer Resorts or Northern Micliigan 'I‘I{A\'J‘Jl{SE () ['I.‘ Y ELK RAPIDS CHARLI<]\'()IX PET()SI{EY BAY VIEVV “ACKINAC ISLAND mid TR.-XVERSIE BAY RESORTS CHICAGO and WEST MICHIGAN RAILWAY DETROIT LANSING and NORTHERN The West Michigan is now in opera- tion to Bay View, and is the ONLY ALI. RAIL LINE T0 OHARLEVOIX Through sleeping and parlor car ser- vice from Chicago, Detroit, Lansing and Grand Rapids to Petoskey and Bay View. THE SCENIC LINE ‘ Over forty miles of beautiful lake and river views north of Traverse City. Try it when you go north this summer FRANK TOWNSEND, Gi-:0. DFHA\'EN. Agent, Lanang Gen’l Pase’r Agt., Grand Rapids. Diamond Crystal Sal'l' Especially rcconiiiiended for use in hutt-er intended for long keeping. Butler salt in II, 56, and 224 pound bags. Table Salt in 3 pound box. 2%’; 5, and 10 pound pockets. Ask Your ‘ Grocer ,_ if G. BYRON STONE i Specialist Veterinaru in Surgeru Ollvet, Eaton Co., Mich. I make a specialty of Castrating the Ridg- ’ling Horse, and Spaying the Kicking Mare. I Castrate Colts without the use of ropes, cords. clamps or fire irons. Spay all kinds of domestic animals. Capon Fowls; Dehorn Cattle. File Hoi‘s_es’ Teeth and I will go any distance provided a club of sufficient size is secured to pay me. I guarantee satis- faction in all cases as to charges. Write for circular. FOR SALE. In the famous fruit belt of Michigan, Ooeuun county. Farm 200 acres. 180 cleared. two farm houses. three barns. two gi-aneries. two good walls, 200 apple trees bearing, I00 bearing plums, 80) plums one to three years out. No waste land. and all heavy grass, grain or plum and pear land. One and one-half miles from court house in Hart the county seat. Forty acres, fair house, good packing house wind engine and good water. Four thousand trees planted from two to ten years. Peach. plum, apricot, apple and cherry. Sold 2.0!!) baskets peaches in 1892. One and one-half miles from water transportation. I hour: P‘“lfi.|t$yl'BIagIllbID In W , .101-lllust.Ostn.|onn. flaflclllllhflkflg Oulnonll Address, E. D. RICHMOND, Hun-, OOIANA Co..M1oii. P338938 OF ROBERT SIXTH & C0.‘ LANSING, KICK. - RAILROAD '