vl i», W A V *.i"‘!.- -_... .. -. ., “THE FARMER IS OF JIURE (‘()i\'SE(,)UENCEiTHAN ' \"0l.. XVIII, N0. 9. nus or1..m§;gij(.{:.;{-g.;. .\ Letter and a Reply. The following is a letter which is self-explanatory. Following it is a reply by Judge Eanisdell. fl1I.ISA‘PgO’IZ, M2'c71., April 10, 15/.03. HoN. J. G. RAMSDELL. TRAVERSE} Crrr, I\IICI-1.: Dmp. SIR—~—I have read with interest your letter published in April 1st number of the GRANGE VISIIOR in which you opinion that it would be con- stitutional to pass a law prohibit- ing the lender to contra<-t with the borrower to pay the tax on his mortgage. W'ithout discussing that point may I ask your opinion as to tl1e advisability and probable effect of such a law in this state? Would it make loans easy to obtain by the farmers of your region? VVould funds from insurance com- panies, colleges, and from other sources outside the state seek iii- vestment here, or elsewhere ‘B Could the savings banks loan on niortga- ges at 6, 7 or even 8 per cent, pay tax on the mortgage, and continue to pay 4 per cent interest to savings depositors? This matter of taxing mortgages has already embarrassed many a man who desired to make a. loan on real estate security. and it is a vital question to the savings banks (which are the banks of the poorer classes.) You are situated to judge of the question from its several sides, and if it is not presuming too far I would be glad of your opin- ion as a business man largely in- terested in farming as to the fair- est to all concerned that can be incorporated in a law relating to this matter. Very truly yours, F. E. HAMMOND. Traverse City, April 21, 18.93. HON. F. E. HAMMOND, CASHIER or MUSKEGON b‘AviNGs BANK: MY DEAR SIR——-Yours of the 10th inst. came duly to hand. You sub- mit some questions up on which you desire my opinion. A mere opin- ion, em catherlra, would be of little consequence; people in this en- ligl tened age desire a reason for expressed opinions. To set forth in full the reasons which I have for my opinions such as they are on the matter of taxation, would require a volume instead of a let- ter. There are however a few prin- ciples which I deem axiomatic gov- erning this branch of economics, and which can be expressed in short space. There are axioms in morals and in political ‘economy as well as in physics. AXIOMS IN ECONOMICS. It is never right to do wrong; and, it is never wrong to do right. Supply and demand determine price. Capital will seek invest- ment where it feels certain of great- est profit. It is right that personal property should bear, according to its value, its equal proportion in sustaining the laws (which includes the whole machinery of govern- ment) that protect it. It is wrong to exempt personal property from taxation and thus throw an addi- tional burden upon real estate; es- pecially as personal property has greater need of protection from wrong doers than real estate. The foregoing are so nearly axiomatic that the ordinary intellect needs no argument in their support. One who is not satisfied with their truth, would require an argument to satis- fy him that a straight line meas- ures the shortest distance between two separate points. It ‘follows, therefore, that property in mort- gages should be taxed in the same proportion as other property and no more; and that property in the give the ’ g...§ iiiaNG,rnfiha 0‘ d,hIYl.wmiW real estate mortgaged should alsoibankers fortune is strewn with advised Judgments have placedj be taxed in proportion to its Value ‘ homes Wrecked, hopes blasted and ‘_ them in a position to be prejudiced . less the inortgage, and no moi'e,lhousehold happiness’ destroyed.not?by the change shall suffer instead. ‘ Consequently any law that exempts ; so much by the fault or injustice‘ V ‘the first and compels the second to i of the banker as by injudicious jpay not only its obligation but the 3 borrowing and inability to invest: ‘obligation of the first, is wrong. INsURA.\'cE coMPANiEs. , You ask if funds of insurance ‘companies, etc.. would seek invest- lment here or elsewhere? Funds will seek investment where they feel certain of greatest profit. But if the argument so often used by ;those who oppose mortgage taxa- itiou "that home capital to avoid taxation invests here in the name of non-residents of the state is good,” I cannot see how a law taxing mortgages could affect such .investments of foreign insurance companies. You ask if the farm- ers of this region would find loans easier to obtain under a law tax- ing mortgages; perhaps not, but a greater question underlies this; is it better for the farmers of this or any other region to run in debt. with a promise to pay eight per cent l]1l’.t:‘I‘€Sl.__H-ntl all taxes, in the present condition of agriculture or its prospective outlook, than to keep out of debt. Many think that to encourage farmers to run in in debt for speculative purposes, or in spending their money before it is earned, even at a low rate of in- terest, with the present outlook for A MISTAKE. Some years ago a young farmer came to me and asked me to help him to a loan of $300, offering ten per cent interest and five per cent commission for a three-year loan, secured by a mortgage. on his unincumbered farm of 80 acres, worth $1,000. I asked his purpose in making the loan. He said, “ I can buy a good horse team for that amount, I can get a good lumber- ing harness for forty dollars and a good wagon for sixty dollars.” I asked, “ how will you raise the other hundred dollars to pay for harness and wagon?” He answered, “ I don’t have to raise any money for that, I can get them by giving a chattel mortgage covering them and the team. With the team and harness I can go into the lumber woods and get sixty dollars a month for five mo nths and get board for self and team, so that at the end of the win- ter I will have the $300 and my team ready for farm work in the spring. With the $300 I can pay off the chattel mortgage and the first year’s interest and have $170 to use in fixing up the farm. In the next two winters I can earn enough in the woods to pay off the mortgage and have my team, har- ness and wagon clear." This is the rosy View he took of this enter- prise. He did not take into con- sideration the chance of having a horse lamed or sickened or other- wise disabled, or sickness or injury to himself with consequent loss of time and counter charge for board of self and team, nor of wear of harness and depreciation in value of team, nor cost of keeping team while idle at home. \Vhen I pointed out these dangers and the tempta- tion which the ownership of a horse team would be to get a buggy or light wagon, and to come to town once or twice a week, which would consume a day at a trip, and ad- vised him not to make the loan, as- suring him that in my judgment the chances were nine to one that he would lose his farm; he thought me unkind and left me in a “state of mind.” However he procured the money, bought the team and lost his farm. THE PRICE OF BORROWING. Many and many a farmer has lost his home by rosy prospects thus held out. The road to the l 1 K v l agriculture, would be ba<_;l,poli_cy_,‘_y_ judiciously and economically the. money borrowed. To such, facili- i tiesfor borrowing are a curse, en-3 ticements to borrow a snare, andl prevention from borrowing a bless- ing. It is such that the Grange’; desires to protect when they ask? for the California law: 3 You ask “could the savings‘ banks loan on mortages at 6, 7 or ‘ even 8 per cent pay tax on thel mortgage, and continue to pay 4l per cent interest osi savings depos- 1 its? That would depend upo1i_thel amount of the tax. The savings bank would necessarily have to have a margin sufliciently wide to! pay for doing business, and that? margin would drfpend upon thel amount of business done, but sup- 1 pose they could not afford to payl 4 per cent or3, or 2, or even 1 per cent? You must consider that the sav- ings bank is not the only place in which earnings are preserved, and to tax a man who has his savings in a part paid for village lot and house for a home, for not only sav- ings he has put in: s it, but for the savings which the flank has in it besides, is entire} " nijust. ~~.. To illustrate: w a man in Traverse City, a working man, who is putting his savings into a home. He has a house and lot which he is paying for on the installment plan. This is his savings bank. His in- terest paid for in this home is $200, its assessable value is $1,000. He has a relative, a single man, work- ing in the same factory at the same wages who has $800 deposited in the bank that holds the security on the first ma11’s house and lot. Now can any one tell me why the first. man should pay taxes on five times the value of his property in order that his relative may get 4 per cent interest on the value of his? By and by perhaps this single man will get married and invest his $800 in a home worth $2,000, giving back a mortgage for the balance of the purchase price. The interest he pays is the rental value of the home over what he has paid. This home now becomes his savings bank in which he deposits all his surplus earnings. Can any one tell me why this man should be pun- ished by being compelled to pay taxes on $2,000 instead of $800, simply because he has seen fit to change his deposits from a banking house to a private home? In my letter to THE Visiron I gave no opinion as to the advisability of inserting a prohibitory clause in the tax law forbiddingthe insertion of tax contracts in future mortga- ges. My opinion was only asked as to the constitutional right of the legislature to make such a provis- ion. To discuss the advisability of such a law is to open up a field too broad for this letter. HARDSHIP OF A CHANGE. That individual hardships would result there is no question. It is one of the inevitable conditions of governmental regulations of priv- ate affairs, from revolutions in gov- ernment down to social and econ- omical reforms, that some must suffer by the change. The greater the wrongs and the longer they have been inflicted the greater the suffering produced by the reforma- tion. The question for legislators to consider is whether it is better that the injustice of’the present system shall continue for all time with its acknowledged hardships to countless numbers, than that a few whose venturesome spirits or ill Yours truly, J. Ur. RAMs1)i3L_I.. ix .\\'HEl. ox “l{0.\l)S.” EDITOR GRANGE \'is1roi:—I think H. B. Cannon deserves much credit for exploding the road . question in VISITOR of April 17). Mr. Cannon takes exceptions to Mr. Bailey's system of gravel road which is the only road any country is financially able to build and keep in repair. The idea that farmers can build asphalt, vitrified brick, or macadamized roads never origin- ated in the brain of any farmer. Cannon says, “Cornell university has constructed a bit of model road * asign hoard states its cost of construction.” Here is one feature of this roa(l question, Let‘ Mr. Cannon did not explode. us see what this sign board dis- closes. The vitrifietl brick pave- ment is cheap as any, and the best; so we will figure on that. To construct this requires nine brick to the square foot, two. thousand four hundred and forty-eight to the square rod, seven hundred and eighty-three thousand three hun- dred and sixty to the linear mile one rod wide. Vitrified brick at the kiln would cost eight dollars per thousand, two dollars per thousand for drawing four miles, an zvrcrage distance, and two dollars per thousand for laying, makes a cost of $9,400.00 per mile, with no preparations yet being made for the road bed, which could be made on level country roads, with a road grader for from thirty to one hundred dollars per mile. Very likely Mr. Cannon’s bicy- cle scheme would not require a road more than eight feet wide, which would permit a bicycle and team to meet and pass. It is remarkable what a flood of sympathy these city scribes and editors have divulged toward the farmer very recently, and this sympathy all emanates from the same source, the bicyclist and bond speculator. Cannon says; “I rec’d a. call from a scientific gentleman and experienced bicy- clist.” Yes! and he knew a great deal about good roads, and could tell a good road when he rode over it on his wheel, but little did he care for the cost of construction, or who paid for it. He says, “a macadam roadway would be entirely satisfactory in Michigan if properly laid. For the main traveled road this would be none too good” (For biycyclist.) “The second grade road should be graveled.” (For farmers.) “ VVe (bicyclists) wish a hard, firm, smooth, dustless surface, over which to haul our loads.” The idea that any such twaddle ever emanated, or was conceived for the farmer’s interest is beyond comprehension. Does the farmer desire to work the year around in dust, mud, rain, and snow to secure aliving for his family, then have this reward filched from him ‘through taxation, to please a delu- sive fancy of riding to town a few times on a dustless road. “The main traveled road” leading from one town to another is a very essential point with the bicylist. If that is “made hard, firm, and smooth,” he would be content. We swamp angels who live back in “Michigan’s finest inaccessible scenery” can use the gravel, re- membering to turn out for the wheel when we reach the macadam. ANGEL. Following Mr. Howells’ lead, apparently, both Frank R. Stockton and Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett have gone over to The Ladies‘ Ham»: yournal, and the most im- portant works by these authors upon which they are now engaged, will shortly see publication in this magazine. ROADS. Mn. Ei>rro1i:—Asthei-eis consid erable in the papers on the roa(l question and the larger part of it is from editors, bicycle men, and city dudes who know no more about l making:roads than a horse would of running an engine, a few lines from la farmer may not be out of place. As for the road law, that is well ‘enough exceptiiig the part relating ‘ to iioii-workers. I would have it so fixed that when a man did not ‘ work his tax in reasonable time af- 'ter ll&lVlI].‘_{ been warned to do so, 1 the pathniaster shall have power to ‘do the work, or hire it done, when ;and where it should lie. Then, to lcover all expense the delinquent ‘shall forfeit twice the original ‘,amount, the overseer of highways ‘ waiting for his pay until the taxes f are collected. Concerning the manner of elect‘ iing.oversee1's. Some people think lit fun to elect the man that last .1nOV€(llI1lOll1"' district. He is a lstranger and AIIOWS nothing about :the soil or (lI‘l>1-‘lllflg-(3 of the road. If ‘he be a renter he lias only a tem- .porary interest. in the work and is lone of the greatest hindrances to ', _<_»;ood roads. I have worked in one :‘-isl.i'ic't fort-y-six years and am not ashamed to have our work inspected. There is no working with gloves on. In THE GRANGE VISITOR, D. (I. Leach has a few remarks. I agree with him in only two points. Que is “when sentiment is in favor of a. particular measure, there is often danger of extreme action followed by disastrous results.” The other “The people cannot afford at this late day, to engage in a wild and speculative movement of any kind.” I think the system of F. Hodg- man would prove too expensive. A meeting of the highway commis- sioners of the county once a year, would probally be about the same as a meeting of our board of su- pervisors. A week of card playing and having a good time at the ex- pense of the county. Also, judg- ing from past experience with sim- ilar offices, how many of these men does Mr. Hodgman think will hold the oflice for more than one year? 1 am opposed to the money tax for two reasons. First—-The work will not be‘ evenly distributed over the district. Second———It will cost three times. as much as it does now. The ground is now clear from stumps and stones, and with the new road scrapers and clear, good gravel there is no reason why we should not have good roads. The law now says, you are to work on the road for one dollar a day and board yourself. Does any sane man think money will hire men to work for the same? For the last five years we have heard a howl about times, taxes, etc. Now the same men are trying to increase the taxes on every hand. Let us “look before we leap.” A FARMER. l l Tecumseh. ?—.:__._. An important article of special interest at the present time on “ The Behring Sea Question,” has been written for the May number of the .Varl// ..-lmerican 1i’em'«'tv by Hon. B. F. Tracy, exASecretary of the Navy. General Tracy makes a powerful and al- most unanswcrable statement of the legal grounds on which the American claim rests. In the May Arumt W. D, McCrackan has an article on “ How to Introduce the Initiative and Referendum.” This subject is occasiening so much debate and the chief objections coming from the diliiculty of making it work in our country that this article will be well worth the reading. Harness. You will notice on page 5 the adver- tisement of the Hand Made Harness 00., Stanton, Mich. They are reliable people, and refer to Hon. H_. H. Hinds. of Stanton, member of executive commit- l tee of State Grange. Write to them. . .._...... ........_..._.........._._......,..... ..._....-....._._.-nu-.-nu.-a». I . I I 3 E , . ..... .........-... ..-......-.... 2 run eiinnfen VISITOR. MAY 1, 1893. Field and Stock. WORK HOURS FOR HORSES. Practice of several farmers in the matter of number of hours daily labor for horses. Usually work teams about 9 or 10 hours per day. If by bad weath- er or otherwise work is behind put in extra time. Probably 9 hours would be about an average in real work; going to and coming from the fields three times per day takes up the best of an hour. Prefer my way as I know of no better. H. C. DENISON. Ada. I usually work my teams during the summer months, especially dur- ing plowing, about 9 hours per day, giving them at least two hours at noon to rest. I find this pays because my teams keep up during the season and do their work bet- ter and with more satisfaction to allconcerned; and we are taught to be merciful to our beasts. I also believe that men do more and bet- ter work and will never strike when paid fair wages and receive fair treatment, and are always ready to do a little extra work on extra occasions. Tnos. MARS. Berrien Centre. I usually work my teams about 8 hours, seldom more than that. A team working 8 hours per day and well cared for will usually do more work in that time than one that is required to work 10 or 12 hours. They have little time to eat. and rest, and soon become dull and often it is almost impossible to keep them in good working condi- tion, while the former are always ready for farm work or the road. Teams like men should have proper food, care and rest. J. A. COURTRIGHT. Springpor/. The usual number of hours is about nine and one half. Commen- cing at 7 o’clock in the morning, thus giving ample time for groom- ing, harnessing, and for the horses to eat their hay and grain. Our horses are generally kept in the stable during the busy season, only being turned out to pasture when work is not pressing. I generally give them one and one half hours nooning, thus having time to eat their feed, and a short rest. Quit- ting at 6 o’clock which gives me time to do my chores as I always keep a few cows and hogs which need some attention. W. S. Mowrzr. Goldwater. We intend to have our teams in the fields as near seven o’clock in the morning as possible, and work until half past eleven o’clock, when we unhitch and go to the barn, giving team a little water and hay, and be ready for our dinner at twelve o'clock. After dinner we feed grain to the teams and then rest until one o’clock, when we again start for the fields and work until six o’clock, when we turn out. Teams rubbed off and rest awhile when they are watered and fed for the night. This gives us on an average just about nine hours actual work. As to why I prefer this way will say because I find my teams stand the work better , and we get fully as much done as we did when we worked from sun to sun. Another reason the hired help can do all chores before dark and no growling about working after dark. H. H. DRESSER. Litchfield. We usually work our teams about ten hours per day at ordinary farm work, but sometimes in hay- ing and harvesting and seeding an hour longer. We usually get the teams out as soon as 6:30 o’clock in the morning and stop for dinner at 11:30, and take them up again at I, and turn out at 6 p. m. This gives us about ten hours work, and with a good strong team and steady gait they do a good day’s work without exhaustion. The men always like to begin early and leave off early, and I find it works well with both men and teams, and gives time to have supper and do the chores in good season. However in harvest and haying we usually have supper at five and then while one man at- tends to the chores the rest keep teams going until about seven. , W. S. Sniioss. Battle Creek. \ I work my teams from 8 to 9 hours per day in plowing and fitting ground for crops as follows, by sun time: commence work at seven o’clock, turn out at 11:30 o’clock; commence again at 1:30 o’clock and work until 6 o’clock. And if the weather is hot, or work very hard, I rest the teams an hour during the day. VVe formerly worked our teams 10 hours per day having supper at 5 o’clock and then working until sun down but 5 o’clock suppers are something of the past upon the farm. The new way is adopted for the following reasons: 1. It takes less care and feed to keep our teams in condition; 2. \Ve usually get bet- ter work done; 3. It gives the t.eam- sters more time to themselves, to change their work clothes and to improve their minds, or to enjoy social privileges, or if married he has more time with his family or to tend a little vegetable garden. This plan works well with us and it makes our farm hands more cori- tented. A. U. BARNES. Lau-ren ce. IVe work our teams about an average of nine hours a day, not more than that, commencing at 7 a. m., leaving the field at 11:30 a. m., returning atl p. in‘. and leaving the field at 5:30 p. in. having sup- per at 6 p. m. “Now the why of it;” 1. It is as early as we can get our morning chores in a satisfac- tory condition to leave until noon, and the same of the evening; 2. My men Will do all they ought to do in the field besides caring well for my stock, in nine hours; 3. My teams will do more work and keep in good condition in nine hours than they will do in 10 or 11 hours. We be- lieve five o’clock suppers are death to our teams. In haying and har- vesting we make little longer days. WALLACE E.' Waierrr. Coldwuter. POTATOES. II H. P. GLADDEN. When to plant. Having a good soil and the prop- er amount of fertilizing material present, the other essentials for a good crop of potatoes are cultiva- tion, suificient rainfall, and a rather low temperature. The following table shows the amount of rainfall, in inches, in the State during the growing months. The figures show the average for thirteen successive years. For the purpose of compar- ison the State has been divided in two sections. The southern sec- tion comprises the southern four tiers of counties, the northern sec- tion include the remaining part of the lower peninsula. , . . >'. G) >‘. .3 _ South‘n section 2.45 4.0()|-4.5-I 3.62 2.85 32013.40 North’n “ 2.28 3.~i1|3.60 2.80‘ 3.45| 3.521443 The average temperature in the two sections for twenty years during the months given above, shows the northern section to be from 5 to 10 degrees cooler than the southern, but this dilference is quite uniform for the months and the table will not be given. The potato crop is a quick growing one. It takes but three to four months from planting to digging time, and only four to six weeks from the time the tubers begin to form to ripening. The tuber forming period is the critical time of growth. From the above table showing the rainfall, and re- membering that the latter parts of July and August and the early part of September are usually very warm, can we not select a more favorable time for planting pota- toes than is usually chosen? For an early crop. which may be profit- able in the southern part of the state, the object should be to plant as early as the ground can be pre- pared and so mature the crop before the dry warm period begins. If a general crop is desired, the plant- ing should be delayed much later than is usually done, and bring the period of tuber growth into Sept- ember and October. Of course the exact date of planting will vary much in dilferent sections of the state. Frost comes early in some parts, but keeping the point in mind that it takes from three to four months to mature the crop, the conditions may be met. The distribution of rainfall dur- ing the seasonlis largely in favor of the northern piart of our state. I expected » ‘discuss the ques- tion of hills 118.3. ill and the amount of seed to use’ or best results in this issue. but‘I have used up the space allotted, to me. If permit- ted I will continue the subject in the next number of the VISITOR. Agricultural College. R001‘ CULTURE. T. G. ADAMS. I have been urged by some of my friends to comejagain before the readers of the ‘VISITOR with a paper on the cultivation of roots for stock, and especially the ruta bags. The readers will remember some few years ago I-gave my method of growing the bags fOI‘.Sl}OCk food as a matter of economy. Those familiar with my plan at that time will bear in mind that I advised level cultivation. Last winter I had the pleasure of visiting the well known horse ranch of 1). A. Blodget at Hersey, Mich. While there we spent some time in look- ing over his fine sleek herd of brood mares (some 75 in number) that had been fed almost entirely on roots grown on the farm. The foreman told us that they had grown about 8000 bu. at an average of about 000 bu. to the acre. This good yield, with the grand results of feeding them to growing stock on the farm, and with the method of cultivation, suggested to our mind the necessity of calling the attention of farmers to the need of raising more roots for stock and less corn. On the average farm you can raise an acre of roots near- ly as cheap as an acre of corn. The plan is to plow the ground early and keep it well cultivated at least once a week till the 20th of June. Then lay out the ground with a two horse plow, letting the near horse walk in the furrow, thus leaving your rows say two feet eight inches apart. In this way the soil will be double where the rows come, namely, on the ridges. Then take a roller and flat it down and drill the se. ds on the smooth surface. Thi “M _ith the depressions between e\'c§‘1‘?f'ff;;"-gives a chance for the eartii to work away from the young plants as you begin to cultivate, which should be as‘soon as possible. Don’t let the weeds get the start of you. As soon as you see the young plants, take a common hoe and thin the plants to about one foot apart. Keep the cultivator running when the plants are young; as soon as they get large, say after harvest, give them a thorough hoeing. In six weeks from planting your work is done till digging time; this should be put off till the last thing before winter sets in. Bagas grow best in cool weather. My method of is to take a sharp hoe one clip will take off top. Then take a common liar- row and run over the ground and then pick up the roots and load in wagon. If you wish to bury them take team and plow out dead fur- row as long as you want your pit. Clean out with shovel about two feet in width and not more than that in depth. When they are well rounded up, for you know they will heat if you get too large a body together, cover well with straw and slightly with earth. They do not need covering like potatoes, in fact they will remain in the ground all winter and be good in the spring. We are feeding now roots that have remained just as they grew and are very fair, but this plan is not advis- able. I think that just before win- ter sets in, if they were well covered with litter as straw from the barn yard, that they would be very ten- der. On a small scale this plan would be all right but not on alarge scale. Well now some one asks what can we feed them to. I answer, to every living thing on the farm. Even poultry eat them with a relish; you can feed them to milch cows with impunity, if you do so after milking; horses look sleek after eating them; and we have wintered a large herd of hogs on them. They are especially good for brood sows and shoats. I con- sider two bushels of them as good for nearly all kinds of stock, for growth not fat, as one bushel of corn. We always get our seed of James J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass., and never fail on a good catch. harvesting and Name, Skirvings Improved Pur- the » ple-top Ruta Baga. Sow about 1 pound to the acre at a cost of about 50 cents. Now brother farmers, try the root crop, an acre at least, and you will not be sorry. Sandy rich soil is best. Corn ground last year is best, clean from weeds. Above all things keep the crop clean from weeds and thin well. Shelbyville. . THE VALUE OF MILK TESTING IN THE FARM DAIRY. Read at Farmer’s Institute at Battle Creek. Feb. 17. 1893, by J. H. Brown. Climax, Mich. Our aim in butter making is to secure the greatest profit at the least possible cost. The butter fat in milk is what we want, and what we are working for. In order to secure the largest possible amount of butter at a profit, several re- quirements are absolutely neces- sary. THE Cow. To begin with, we must have a specific butter cow. It does not pay to keep a general purpose ani- mal that gives a small mess of thin milk for about six months in the year. Such a cow takes a gener- ous ration and puts a large share of it on her back instead of into the pail. Some farmers seem to believe in making the cow a “Jack of all trades.” She is half starved at certain times, for economy’s sake. In the winter time she is forced to stand out in the cold to assist in warming a large barnyard for lazi- ness’ sake. This saves the farmer muscle. He does not need to carry in fodder, nor pitch out so much manure. She is compelled to warm her her own ice water during the winter and to forego that luxury during the “heated term.” This allows the farmer more time to toast his shins by the fire and discuss the " hard times” and politics with his neighbors. When the mercury crawls down toward the bulb she stands in a fence corner meekly trying to assume the shape of the inverted letter U. In this she suc- ceeds better, providing it is cold enough, than she does in giving milk. She knows not the meaning of the euphonious term, “ So bossy,” but has practical knowledge of her master’s boot and milking stool. In addition to this she has acquired the meaning of several short, forci- ble phrases, which you will find in a special catalogue of “swear words.” This is the kind of cow, and this her condition, on thous- ands of farms in this great coun- try. Under this treatment there can be no profit to any farmer in his butter dairy, for reasons that are self evident. At the best, there are slight losses in the dairy that cannot be easily helped. It may be that we have a model cow, from a superior butter breed; that we raise the cream and churn it in the most approved and modern method, there will still be a slight loss of butter fat. To reduce this loss to a minimum should be the aim of every good dairyman. COMPOSITION OF MILK. While the composition of samp- les of milk obtained from different cows, and produced under different. conditions may show wide variation, a fair average composition may be as follows: Water, 87 per cent, and solids, 13 per cent. The solids include fat, 3.6; casein, 3.3; albu- men, 0.7; milk sugar, 4.7; and ash, 0.7 per cent. The casein and al- bumen are the materials contain- ing nitrogen, and are of special importance in cheese making. In general the‘ash, sugar and albumen are in solution, the casein in par- tial solution, and the fat in sus- pension, being mixed with the milk, but not dissolved in it. Milk when freshly drawn from the cow is a thin liquid, but after standing for a short time becomes slightly vis- cous or ropy through the forma- tion in it of a small amount of fibrin. For the purpose of considering the legitimate and proper measure of the value of fat in milk, I shall consider that milk is made up of only two constituents, one of which I shall call the milk serum, which is an aqueous solution of all the solids of the milk, except the fat, and the other is the butter fat. I make this division first be- cause it is a natural division, the serum and fat being simply mixed together and and not chemically combined; and second, because it enables us to consider the money value of the two constituents sep- arately. The value of the serum and fat in milk have much the same relation to each other as have the value of straw and wheat in a stack of unthreshed grain,—the serum of the milk representing the straw, and the fat representing the cleaned grain. Continued next week. MICHIGAN STUCK BIIEEDEIIS. All those who wish to purchase pure- bred stock of any description, will find it to their advantage to correspond with some of the following well- known breeders. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP \Ve are prepared to furnish Choice Imported, or Home-bred Ewes and Rams at prices as rea- sonable in any Reliable Br--eder can sell. If you wish to start :1 Flock it will pay you to write IS for prices, or better come and sec for yourself. E. C. L. MUMFORD 8c SON MOSCOW, MICHIGAN EUGENE FIFIELD BAY CITY, MICE Successor to MERRILL & FIFIELD Importer and Breeder of HEREFORD CATTLE 3”“ SHROPSHIRE SHEEP Choice stock of both kinds fora -tle. Prices reason- able. Correspondence solicited. HIGH CLASS SHROPSHIRES. We ofier ten imported 2-year-old rams from the flocks of Messrs. Bowen-Jones and Minton that will weigh 300 pounds. and shear from 13 to la pounds at maturity. that are tested sires and fit to head the best (locks, and -I0 hom_e-bred yearling rams. We shall make an early 1mp- -rtation for our '93 trade. Annual auction sale September all. THE WILLOWS. PAW PAW. MICH- SPRINGDALE FARM LANSING, MICHIGAN JAMES M. TURNER, Prop Shorthorn and Hereford Cattle Clydesdale and Standard-Bred Trotting Horses, Shetland Ponies and Shropshire Sheep FOR SALE:-4 A few ood pigs from the Ilillsdaile Coun Herd of:l’ol;1nil China Hogs. Can furnis pairs or tries not akin. Inspection of our herd solicited, or write, describing closely what you want, and S:l.[lSf:l.CI’.lL)ll will be guaranteed. Stock recorded in O. 1’. C. R. JOHN BOWDITCH Hillsdale, Michigan H. H. HINDS Stanton, Montcalm Co Breeder of .‘___ Shorthorni Cattle American Merino and Shropshire Sheep BLACK MEADOW FARM. Standard-bred Trotter: Sliortliorn Cattle Sln-opxliire Sheep Berlisliire Pigs F. R. BAKER, Detroit. 69 Buhl Block. Write for Catalog. Oakland Toultry Yards. Eggs for hatching per 13, Barred Plymouth Rocks. Rose Comb White, and Single Comb Brown Leghorns. $l.00 to $1.50, White Wynn- dottes and Light Brahmas, $1.50,Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, $2.00 per six. _ My yards are all headed by hi h-scoring males, hens and pullets score BU to 95. _v stock has won premiums at all the principal shows in Michigan. _ JAMES lllllilillll, Jr., Beddow, Mich. FOR SALE. Three young Jersey Bulls, ranging in age from four months to one year old. Ali eligible to reg- istry 'in A. J. C. C. registry. Alsoaregistersd Cheshire Boar. IRA A. VAN ORSDAL, Qurnov. Mica COLBY STOCK FARM. . Rambouillet. Sheep, Galloway Cattle, and Pen cheron Horses. All stock pure bred and regio tered. Two Percheron Stallions for sale at a bargain. Spring Rye for Seed. Address, L. F. HOAG, (‘or..iav, MIon.. or L. B. TOWNSEND. IONIA, Mmn. M. H. WALWORTH HILLSDALE, MICH BREEDER OF ESSEX, IIIIIIIIIIII IIIII SIIIIIILK SWINE Also American Merino Sheep of choice quality SHROPSHIRE HALL STOCK FARM Has now on sale Twenty Registered Shearling Ewes. Also Thirty Unregistered Shearling Ewes. twenty-five in lamb to Lord Ufiington. Price on the thirty head, $10 each. Large importation to arrive about J une 1. L. S. DUNHAM. PROP Concord, llvlich. SHROPSHIRES FOR ’93 Imported. Registered and lliiregisteml Ref renoes: ex-Pov. Winan and C. S. G , ° _ iianker. Dexfer. Mich. mo" Choice Yearling Ram and Ewe Iaambs for 9319 Terms reasonable. We pay half of freight or Bxpress. VALENTINE 313.05.. ‘P. 0. DEXTIR. Mum, The flggdélyizglggoflarness 60., E. D. Hnwnzv, Pres. Wu. H. Owns, Tr _ _ 0. Moon. 8ec‘y. 9." Retail their own make of goods at wholesale We make u apecislt of $3) double team wot hu. ness and 310 single We gun:-gntgg ‘gig, faptipn. and prepay freight on five sets. By pg.-. mission wereter to Hon. H. H. Hinds.otBtai'i.mn. or (Kr . :£;,i ..._ .::—-A;;,a..s~.---.——-u r---—-—~.-:r: In--—~ - Io I ‘MAY 1, 1893 THE mum ‘-1.27’ . GEfVISITOR. 3 PA’l‘RONS' PAINT WORKS have sold Ingsrsoll Paint to the Order P. of E. since its organintion. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out- buildings. 10,(X)0 Farmers testify to their merits. Grange Halls, Churches, School Houses, Dwellings, all over the land. some of them painted 15 year: ago, still oolringwell, prove them the most durable. AINI‘ MICHIGAN PATBONS “Buy direct from Factory” at full Wholesale Prices and save all lgiddlemenh Profits. 0. W} INGERSOLL, Prop. Oldest Paint House in America 241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn ORKS Ingersolls Liquid Rubber Paints Indestructible Cottage and Barn Paints Sample Color Cards, “Confidential” Grange Discounts, Est mates and full particular‘! MAILED FREE. Write at once. Postal Jo‘l"l'ings. CASCADE GRANGE is booming; have taken in 6 and 6 more are on the ‘way. State Lecturer Crosby and Deputy Bank did good work for us. We are to have a maple sugar social, the pro- ceeds to pay for VISITOR for each family in our Grange. We do not see how a Grange can run successfully without the VISITOR. How can one be a good Granger without the Visrroii? How can one be an earnest agriculturist without being a Granger? A money maker perhaps can, but an unselfish farmer ought to be :1 Pa- tron. ALTON GRANGE, NO. 634, is neither dead nor dormant. Although we are but few in numbers we still continue to hold meetings quite regular, once in two weeks. At our last meeting we received one application for membership and rein- stated one old member and we think this will pave the way for others. G. H. GODFREY. CI. I NTON COUNTY. I think that Clinton county will, before the summer is ended, be able to give a good report and we shall give Brother Bank his share of credit. The weather was very much against him as were other circum- stances, but the leaven is working in more places than one, but I will only speak of Olive Grange, No. 358. \Ve initiated 5 young and reinstated 4 older members; have acontest started and the young are wide awake to the idea of getting new members. If I ask any to join us they say there has been five or six after us already. I think when our contest ends we can report a good many additions. BARNARD GRANGE. To say that Barnard Grange ‘is prosper- ing is putting it too mildly. It is booming. This Grange has now been successfully running for nearly four years, not however without its share of traitorism, but we now know who to trust with the’ helm. \Ve have long since given up the ioea of run- ning the Grange like an empty machine for the pleasure of hearing the noise (which at times was none too low), but we now use it as a machine by which we manufact- ure great good in the educational, indus- trial and financial line in which all true Patrons share. We, as a body, visited At- wood Grange March 22, and after enyoying a lively business meeting, conducted in_ part by our oflicers, we furnished them with a literary program after which we did ]uSIlC8 to their richly provided supper. A little more visiting would be good for all Granges. THOS. MEGGISON. MONTGOMERY GRANGE. NO. 549, is small in numbers, being 35, roof the num- ber are new members added during the past quarters. At one time it seemed _that a new organization that sprang up in our midst would drive us out of existence, but we have weathered the storm and that “ would be” successor to our Grange is gone out of existence, and we are alive yet, and in a thriving condition. VVC haV8 710 hall as yet, but we have good reason to hope that in the near future we will be able to build one. VVe have got quite an amount of material on hand, and when we get a little more financial strength we will make a start to build. Enclosed find the names of new subscribers to the VISITOR, and those that 1 hope will be permanent read- ers, for I think that one subscriber to the VISITOR after becoming a member of the Grange, is worth two outside the gates. As we have got a chance to hold them, for they become much more interested in the paper, and then we have a better chance to call on them at the end of the year to re- new. Your urgent appeal through the Master of the State Grange in behalf of the VISITOR is at hand, and feeling the importance of the request, I am doing all that I can to comply with it. I would be very glad to learn that our ‘paper had be- come self-sustaining, and will work to that end. WM. A. MONTGOMERY. ANNIVERSARY. Paris Grange No.19 held on the 8th inst., its 20th anniversary, which was well attended, there being about eighty present. We met at ten a. m., had a jolly good visit and at 12:30 _p. in. the ladies served dinner, which was enjoyed by all. At; 2 p. m. Worthy Master E. H. Styles called to order. Worthy Lecturer Mrs. Guild had the following program prepared: Brother S. Langdon as the first master of Paris Grange was called on and gave us quite a history of our Grange for the past twenty years. Brother L. R. D8.V1B, our present Treasurer, gave 9. full re- port of the Grange for the past twenty years. The amount of money taken in was $2429, amount of labor donated about $1,500. Little May Blodgett, five-ye_ar- old, gave 9. very pretty recitation which was well applauded. Broth- er and Sister Whitford then favored us _ with some music. Brother Guild recited a poem, followed by a short speech by Brother W. T. Adams. Worthy Secretary gave a piece of select reading and Brother Cheesebro a recitation. Sister Round made some very appropriate remaks also an origi- nal poem. Worthy lecturer then gave a recitation. Sister W. T. Adams gave a. report of woman's work in the Grange. Brother H. H. Richards made at a few remarks when Worthy Master was informed that the warm sugar was ready to be served in the lower hall and 8. recess was declared. After partaking of the warm sugar it was found to be too late to carry out the remainder of the program. Every body had a. good time and went home happy, feeling they had been well paid for coming out. - Mas. ATEN, Secretary. A FRIENDLY LETTER. April 19, 18.93. EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR—It was suggested by one of the company of delegates to the State Grange who boarded at the Kirkwood that we correspond through the VISITOR. Four months have passed and only one has written, and we will try to jog the memory of the rest by giving an account of our visits to the Granges in our district. Spar-ta. Grange was the first to extend an invitation, and on Saturday morning, January 7, We, in company with a. brother and sister from our own Grange drove twelve miles, arriving at the Grange hall at ten o’clock. The day was pleasant although quite cold, and the sleighing good. The fourth degree was conferred on one sister, and after a dinner that need not be described, the oflicers were installed and an excellent program presented. A good word was spoken for the VISITOR and after Grange closed a. number of subscriptions were taken by the secretary. On Wednesday, January 11, we attended a meeting of Kent Po- mona Grange, held with Cascade Grange. Mercury stood at zero, but we rode the eighteen miles very comfortably. The attendance was good. State Lecturer A. J. Crosby was present and installed officers of the Pomona and Gas- cade Granges, after which he gave an excellent address which should stinulate Patrons to more active work for the order. A heavy snowstorm came on before night making the home- going very disagreeable. VVe accepted an invitation to the home of Brother and Sister J. H. Martin A. S. and L. A. S. of the State Granges, where we spent a very pleasant evening, remaining until nearly noon the next day. The next oflicers to be installed were those of our own Grange and as we were oflicers we invited Brother Martin, delegate from the Pomona Grange, to install them which he did very nicely. Saturday Jan. 28, was appointedto visit Harmony and Alpine Granges, andsuch a day, the rain came down making the roads almost impassable, but we started at nine o’clock, and reached Harmony Grange hall at noon after adrive of eighteen miles, finding a. few of the mem- bers present; more came and after a. nice dinner the officers were duly installed and a short report of State Grange given. Harmony Grange own their hall, a two story building nicely furnished. We left the hall at four o’clock and drove to Alpine Grange seven miles farther. The roads by this time were getting very soft, the horses feet slumping through at nearly every step, but we arrived safely at our destination and although we had been informed that Alpine Grange was gritty we were surprised at the large attendance. After the installation and reports, a very nice program was presented. “T6 were glad to see a good many young people there. The Alpine Grange hall is the nicest we have visited;: it is a large two story building and nicely furnished. The rain poured down during the evening, but eleven o’clock found us again in the sleigh on our way to the home of. Brother A. E. Spencer with whom we spent the night Our thaw caught cold before morning and after attending church with Brother Spencer and family at Englishville, we wended our way homeward, stopping at the home of a niece for dinner and arriving at our home at dusk, thankful that our journey was at an end. Brother Bank has been visiting the Granges in the county, but we were unfortunate enough not to hear him, being away on a visit, but we hear good reports of him. Hoping to hear from others if our editor finds this worth a. space in his paper, we Will say good bye. Mn. AND Mas. M. A. NORTON. Rockford. WHERE SHALL WE FIND A HIRED GIRL? MRS. S. LAMB. Wlie°re to get one of course is the question that first arises, and the good liusbandman is heard in his extreme perplexity to cry out, where 0 where! and is usually answered, where you can, only get one. Our choice in the matter would be a. bright intelligent girl of good reputation. You say they are scarce, I say they are not; there are plenty of them that would sooner assume the responsibilities of the kitchen than to attempt to please everybody in a district school. \Vhat relation does the hired girl hold to the family? Aye, not any under the present system, even though she may be kin by the laws of nature,the same blood running in her veins but heart- lessly cut off because of her poverty and station in life. In the family where she is employed there is a daughter. The mother looks upon her daughter with ,i--r_ide and says with a satisfied air "BS1-an though it may not be audiblef'”("wl§ Willright here adopt the old adage that actions speak louder than Words), she is a. lady, she is very dear to me, she will never Want for any- thing: I have means in abundance, she will never be disgraced by kitchen work. My good woman, fortune and misfortune go hand in hand. Let me entreat you if you have a. respectable girl in your kitchen, and of course you have no other, to instruct your daughter to have charity for the less fortunate. For should the Wheel of misfortune stop on her it would be most humiliating to be obliged to ask alms of the very one you have despitefully used, for good fortune is just as likely to come to your hired girl as to anyone, and she will be capable of appreciating the change, and unless she may have become hardened by our unsusceptible conduct will gladly extend to you a helping hand. Ask yourself the question, is not the girl that cooks the food I eat good enough to eat it with me? Any sensible girl would be Willing to wait: upon the table were you entertaining visitors, were she not made to feel that it was because she was not as good as the rest. Another consideration; why should the price of hard labor be cut down? As a rule the class that do the hard work are poor and that is just the way to keep them so. If you would do anything for humanity do it now. Pay them wages that will compare with the common school teacher, the type- writer or stenographer, and they will no longer feel that they are servants but doing an honorable business. But you say it costs them a great deal to acquire the knowledge to do these things. You mean it costs their parents a. good sum, but this less fortunate one paid all she had and would have gladly paid the balance had it been possible, but the privilege was denied her and she must go hungering for education and posi- tion.. The ones for whom this article was intended will never read it, for they are neither Grangers nor their Wives, neither do they read the VISITOR. Rollin. Gun New- Offer -~—- - — +oOo——»- -«—— THIS WILL INTEREST YOU IF YOU ARE THINKING OF‘ BUYING A Sewing Machine Although we have sold a good many of the machines we have been offering and though they have given satisfaction, we believe that we are making a still better ofier. FOR WE WILL SEND A MAcii1.\'ii WELL NAMED THE COLUMBIAN The (‘oliimbian is astrictly high grade sewing machine with all modern iniprovements. Superb mechanism, graceful (lei-ign, hand- some finish, light running and noiseless. fact, all the desirable features contained in other well-known modern stylo niachinee are found in the “ Columbian." Improved and simplified by the best iiieclianical talent until it stands the peer of all other sewing machines on the market. FULLY WARRANTED FOR TEN YEARS. _ As additional evidence of the general super- iority and wearing qualities of the “(_‘-clum- piece) 10 Needles. 6 Bobbins. 1 Screw-Driver, Oil purpose of a competent, teacher. and ornamented, giving it. a rich appearance. is entirely obviated. sewing machines. tie is threaded. woodwork. _ _ _ Price including one year’s subscription, $21. VVe prepay the freight. Address, with the money, All wearing parts are case-hartlenml stool possessing great durability. and all lost motion can be taken up. All parts are fitterl so accurately that these machines are abso- lutely noiseless and as easy running as fine adjustment and best. mechanical skill can produce. No expense or time is spared to make them porfm-t in every respect, as every machine passes a rigid in- spection by competent. men before leaving the factory. Extra attachnieiits in a velvet lined case, sent. free with each machine: 1 Tucker, 1 Rntller with shirriiig plate, 1 Hemmer Set (4 Wllltllfil and Binder. 1 Braider (Foot and Slide), 1 Thread (‘utter-. Each machine is supplied with the following additional accessories: Can filled with oil, (‘loth Gauge and Thumb Screw. and a Book of Instructions. The liook of Instructions is profusely illustrated, and aiizwcrs the bian," it is warranted for ten years. The “(‘oliimbian" will out—wear any two of the highest priced sewing machines in the world. by the turning of a screw l Hemmer and Feller (one The Balance—Wheel and many of the fine parts are nickel-plated, with other parts finely ciiaineleri The improved automatic bobbin winder is so simple that a child can easily operate it—windingthe thread automatically on the bobbin as evenly and regularly as the thread on a spool. This valuable attachment renders possible a perfect control of the shuttle tension, and all annoyance resulting from shuttle thread breaking while the machine is in motion, which is common to many machines, A self-setting needle and self-threading cylinder shuttle are used in the “Columbian" high arm _ They are so simple that any one can easily operate them in a few minutes’ time. as our Instruction Book is fully illustrated, showing how to do all kinds of fancy work with attach- . The self-threading shuttle is so simple that with two motions of the hand backward the shut- The driving-wheel on this machine is admitted to be the simplest, easiest running and most con- venient of any. The machine is self-threading, has the very best tension, and is made of the best material, with the wearing parts hardened, and is finished in a superior style. cover, drop-leaf table,-1 end drawers and center swing drawer and finished in oak or walnut It has veneered Sent by freight, charges prepaid. Give name of freight station if different from postotlice address. The Macliiiie is shipped subject to your approval, and if not entirely satisfactory‘ will be rcturiied AT oun EXPENSE Gould flnutliing be Fairer? IT IS VVARRANTED FOR. TEN YEARS. GRANGE VISITOR, LANSING, MICE. four miles 0 . t. Plezisant I’. O. . ii excellent and handsome country. A live growing city. now 3,500 population. Two riiilroiitls, \'orm:il school, business college, U. S. Intlustrial '1‘r:iiniiig School and high grade city schools afford educa- tional privileges rarelv equaled. I00 Guml Farms in Isabella county; 10,000 acres of unimproved lands, choice city properties, all for Slllt.‘ at prices much below those in most other localities, affording good advantages. Now is the time to buy in Isabella County, in the center of lower Micliigan. For si-iin lc descriptive rice list, address, C OK’S REAL ZS'l‘A'l‘E AGENCY. Wt. Pleasant, Micliigan, TEN rlns,T,cii§s FAR gs $3 5 . Other sizes proportionately low 53! TRIAL-FREIGHT PAE-WARRANTEIJ 133009 & mompso/v, Bzngliamfon. N. r J. C. GOULD, Agt., Paw Paw, Mich. is the right time for everybody to dr k ’ 111 O 9 6 H ll‘€S Root Beerl A temperance drink. E A home-made drink. I A health-giving drink. l ’ A thirst—quench1ng drink. l._ A drink that is popular everywhere. I l 1. \- i I Delicious, Sparkling, Effervescent. A 25 cent package makes 5 gallons of chi.-l. 3 -:_lr-licious beverage. Don't be deceived ifa. dealer, l i tor the sake oflarger profit, tells you some other ', ’ ltlnd is “Just as good"—-'l.is false. No imitation ' , is as good as the genuine Hills‘. um; jyfi ~ DO YOU READ any of the following papers and maga- zines? If so you can make money by sending to us, thus getting the VISITOR - for nothing in some cases, and in some instances you can get a first-class mag- azine and the VISITOR for less than the price of the magazine. Send cash with. order. AGRICULTURAL PAPERS. Regu— Price lar with , price. Visitor, American Agriculturist_ . _ $1.50 $1.50 Ohio Farmer __________ __ 1,00 135 Western Rural, with ' Market Review ______ _ _ 2.25 2,25 Prairie Farmer ________ __ 1.00 1,20 Breeders’ Gazette ______ _ _ 2 00 2.00 Country Gentleman (state if new) ______________ __ 2.50 25) Orange Judd Farmer _ _ _ _ 1.00 1,20 Green’s Fruit Grower- . - _ 50 75 The Farm Journal _____ - _ 50 70 MAGAZINES. Atlantic Monthly ______ _. 4.00 3.70 Cosmopolitan __________ _ _ 3,00 3_0o Harper’s Monthly _____ __ 4.00 3.50 “ Bazar ________ _ _ 4.00 3.7 “ Weekly ______ _ _ 4 .00 3,70 “ Young People _ _ 2.00 2,00 North American Review. 500 4.50 Scribner-’s _____________ _ _ 3 00 300 Century _______________ _ _ 4 ()0 4_()() Review of Reviews. . ___. 2.50 275 The Forum ____________ _ _ 5,00 450 Popular Science Monthly. 5.00 5.00 Scientific American _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 3,00 MISCELLANEOUS. Detroit Free Press week] 1.00 . Detroit Tribune , “ y 100 Grand Rapids Democrat weekly. ______________ _ _ L00 L10 Youth’s Companion (new names) .............. - - 1.75 1.75 The Independent ______ -- 3.00 3.00 The Oh ristian Union _ _ _ _ 300 3.00 Thin Congregationalist-_ 11511-‘lg ............ - - l.50 The Modeiiator ________ __ 1,50 New York Tribune ____ -- 1,00 L00 ____h .2....................... ._......... ......,.......... :4, THE GRANGE VISITOR ifilblished on the 1st and 15th of every month. Kenyon L. Buttertleld, Editor and Manager, LANSING, MICH.. ‘To whom all exchanges. communications, adver ._ ‘ ' business and subscriptions should be Oflice, Room 19. um State Building. TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for six Months. In Clubs of '20 or more 40 cents per year each. Subscriptions payable in "advance, and discontinued at expiration. unless ‘ renewed. mittances should be by Registered Letter, oney Order or Draft. Do not send stamps. Entered at the Postofiice at Lansing. Mich.. as Second Class Matter. THE INHERITANCE TAX. The inheritance tax in New York State brought into the State Treas- ury $1,786,218 last year,and yet it is only a one per cent. tax on direct inheritances and something more on colateral. So popular has it become in New York that the Tax Commissioner will bring before the Legislature this winter a bill for largely increasing it. CHILD}-BEN’S DA Y. " from any person amounting to Tun am. can not effect its disposition. Then too the investigation if thorough will take so long that it will not be ended until near the time set for adjourning, and the bill is liable to go by default. If the bill is not passed there will be no institutes at all the coming two winters. Friends of the measure will We hope bestir themselves for its consideration at once. IS THE LAW VIOLATED.“ Section 52 of the revised bank- King laws of this State provides that no bank can assume liabilities more than one-fifth of the capital and surplus of the bank. In a statement published in a Detroit paper April 28. the capital" and surplus‘of the Central Michigan Savings Bank of Lansing, which closed its doors a week or so ago, amounted to $165,000. One-fifth ,of this, or -“$35,000 would be the ihigliest amount for which any one ifirm could become liable to the thank. And yet from the same statement mentioned it appears which usually beset young pedple on leaving the care and protection of the home—especially the blight- ing curse of the open saloon. 2. The course is eminently prac- tical in all departments and fits its graduates "to occupy useful positions in life. 3. Students are impressed all through the course with the idea that labor is honorable and that to earn their bread by the sweat of their face is no disgrace. VVe believe one of the greatest evils of our higher educational system is that young men and women grow to hold manual labor in contempt. We might give many other rea- sons why we commend the college, but time and space forbid. C0-EDUCATION. \Ve believe that when the declar- ation went forth that “It was not good for man to be alone,” it was meant to apply to agricultural colleges. VVe recognize the eleva- ting and ennobling influence of pine, cultured women everywhere, and we believe it the duty of the state to make such provisions as shall give women an equal chance in our college. 7 THE COLLEGE. iris-Tron . of work, and a part of the pay for that work should go to the wife, children, parents, or whoever was depending on them when they were taken away. _ How often we have seen parents MAY 1, 1893. stead and pre-emption acts. The crazy rush and the frenzied strug- gles‘which attended the opening of the territory at Oklahoma and more recently, of the Cheyenne Reservation, afford testimony taken from their children leaving which no one can misunderstand them with no means of support but to run the streets and beg or steal,’ and thus become more criminals. I would have them furnished with good reading and lectures of‘ instruction that might help them to outgrow and overcome the terrible conditions that have been put upon them by no choice of their own. It is a demonstrated fact we have natural born statesmen, scientists, musicians, poets, whose occupation seems to be a part of their life at- tained through rightconditions and opportunities; and by the same laws of cause and effect and bad conditions we have natural born criminals, for as yet mothers are ignorant of their rights and pow- ers. But need you ask that mother why her boy is branded as a crim- inal when you see the father stag- gering from the licensed dens of vice and shame to his home, a place in name only, is it any wonder that we have criminals and crimes of E the deepest dyes‘? THE DANGER WHICH 'rHRi«:ATF.:\‘s j We have no right to inflict capi- to the difference between the old and the new state of things. The exhaustion of the free public lands is making the resort to the soil far more difficult, tardy and costly.” I quote from you again: “And then, to clap the climax of absurd- ity they insist that this land, or rather the men who cultivate it shall pay all the taxes.” Surely,you have been , misinformed. You should read carefully Mr. George’s works. VVe propose to remove all taxa- tion from the farmers’ improve- ments as well as personal property, only taxing his naked land value. The farmers are rapidly learning that they have not got a corner on land values. They can’t be fooled all the time. VVe propose, by the single tax. to lighten the burden of the toilers by giving them more free access to that great natural opportunity of labor, the land. \Ve propose, by it, to destroy the power of one person to live by the forced labor of another. We affirm, and National Master Brighain has designated the first Saturday in; June for Children’s day. If Lec- turers of subordinate Granges can -conform to this announcement. it will tend to make the day more i1n- ,~ pressive and pleasant to the chil-2 dren. The thought that the chil- dren of the Grange. all over our land, celebrate one day together each year will be a helpful educa- .tor in Grange work. that one man had practically become liable to this bank for nearly or quite $175,000, a sum greater than both the capital and surplus. Now the language of the law seems plain and if the statement in the Detroit paper is correct the matter should be thoroughly investigated. For if one bank can violate the law with impunity, may not any other bank in the State? And this a ;matter that vitally effects every A II) TO AGRICULTFHAI. SOCIETY. The friends of agriculture should ‘use their best endeavors to secure the passage of the bill giving aid to the State Agricultural Society. The bill calls for a tax of one one- ‘ ill S11P91’ViSiU1l 01‘ hundredth of a mill for two years. The sum obtained would be about "$11,000 per year and would be de- voted exclusively to paying premi- ums. Many ther states follow the plan of granting aid to the Statellaw. Society, New York having ap-E propriated $20,000 last year for will be glad to know it. If we are premiums at her Sta’0efai1'. lcorrect, however, somebody with COLLEGE INVESTIGATION. Committees have been appointed and will soon undertake an investi- gation of the Agricultural College. The members of the committee are all able and fair minded men, are neither avowed champions nor known enemies of the college, and will no doubt make a thorough and E fair examination and report. It is i 3:0 be hoped that they can suggest remedies for whatever evils they may find and that they will also commend the strong features of the College that may be impressed up- on them. lVOMAN’S' WORK. The ladies will we think be es- }pecially interested in our ladies’ «department of this number, which iby the way we have changed to “‘Woman’s VVork,” at the suggestion -of our Worthy Secretary. VVe have presented a symposium upon the ldepositor in banks in the State, 3 it is not local only. i Again, the banking commis- l sioner is charged with the enforce- gment of the banking laws. If he Haas been derelict in duty, careless i impotent in: power in the case, it is not unlikely i that he may have been so in others. It ought not to be possible for i any bank to loan to any one person lfive times the amount allowed by If our position is incorrect we iauthoritymtlie Commissioner, the Governor or the Legislature, as the case may need, should at once set about a course of action that shall discover the cause, apply the punishment, and establish a stronger guard against future vio- lations. GRANGE AND COLLEGE. In contrast to the false and silly tales about the college that have gone out over the state as re- sults of the enterprise (?) of one or two ignorant reporters, and V in contrast too, to the carping and ilfault-finding spirit of some farin- lers even and of some alleged Ifriends of the college, we want tol ‘quote the report of the committee lof thelast State Grange on Agri- lcultural College. It was adopted iunanimously by the Grange: 3 3 The Michigan Agricultural Col- :lege is the oldest institution of its ‘kind in America, and we believe it g As agriculture is the basis of our national, state and individual prosperity, we believe the ciollegc should remain as it now is, an (1._q'riczLlfm'a/ college. It is only by eternal vigilance that we can maintain it as such. In many of the states which received land grants for the purpose of establishing agricultural colleges, the State universities have secured the bene- fits of the grants and have estab- lished agricultural departments which, as far as we know, have proved entire failures. The law granting aid to these colleges required that they teach agriculture, military tactics and the mechanic arts. In accordance with its provisions, Michigan estab- lished a mechanical department. Although this has been in exist- ance but a short time, the course (which is not allied to agriculture in any way) already has such attractions for young men that the mechanical students already equal in number those taking the regular agricultural qgfgkie. and there is great danger’ ‘t1”i':‘.i’ 'this institution will soon become simply a mechan- ical school. WHAT THE COLLEGE is DOING FOR THE FARMERS. Aside from its educational and institute work it is conducting a series of practical experiments which result to the advantage of the farmers. Prof. Cook was the originator of the idea of spraying trees and vines with insecticides as a preventive from the injury we receive from insect pests. Prof. Kedzie put thousands of dollars in our pockets by his analysis of various kinds of wheat, and Prof. Grange is looking after contagious diseases among our live stock. The experimental department is conducting a feeding experiment with sheep, to determine the most economical grain ration for fatten- ing purposes. The station has facilities for determining these questions which cannot possibly be done by the ordinary farmer. Your committee were given every facility to enable them to visit the whole farm and every department. We found every department well equipped, and have no criti- cisms to make. The stock is in good condition and the animals are good types of the various breeds subject of the “Hired Girl.” We E stands pl-eémineng]y,at the head of} which they represent. are planning to continue this feat- ure for several numbers at least, in hopes that this page can be made more interesting than before and that we will be able to hear from many who do not frequently favor 11191113 and 3 direct 3Pl’1'0P1'i8-50“ us with their thoughts. We are -greatly indebted to Miss Mary C. Allis for aid in securing so many _-papers on this topic. INSTITUTES. Senator Bernard's bill providing $3000 a year for farmers’ institutes will probably have to await the re- sults of an investigation of the Agricultural college, although there is no good reason for the delay. The money is put into the hands of the Board of Agriculture it is true, but has nothing directly to do with _i<§Jllege work, and any investigation gall the schools of like character in j this country. The college was‘; established by the State, but isi now maintained and supported by; the proceeds of a grant of land‘ from the United States govern- from the United States Treasury 3, of $15,000 annually, which is to be per year to this amount until the ‘. total amounts to $25,000 per annum, Q where it is to remain. A clause in the funds for buildings or repairs. These are provided for by appro- We desire to state briefly why we believe this college is the best place for a young person to secure an education. 1st. The college is located three miles from a town, in a rural com- I increased by the addition of $1,000 ? CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Paper writtvn for the \'isi1‘0R by Mrs. A. C. llcadly, of Decatur. and read hcfore Decatur Grange, I am very glad of this opportu- nity to express my views on this very important topic, but whatever I say must necessarily be from my own standpoint of right and wrong. Viewing this subject from a fi- nancial standpoint I would say dis- pose of our criminals the easiest , way possible; but I am no material- fthe bills granting this land andgist. I believe we have to right money prohibits the use of any of ‘ our own wrongs, and pay the pen- alty to the utmost farthing. And I believe here is the place it should priations from the state treasury. f be done, for our mistakes are ours, and the lessons they afford us are ours also. I do not believe that criminals ever swing from the gal- lows into a place of peace and hap- piness, if it has been said his sins were forgiven. So I say provide munity, where it is almost entirely removed from the evil influences them with homes, schools, work- houses where they can have plenty tal ninishment on the )OL)l’ vlc.-lwilldefendtlie ro osition/that the t' 1 t tl ' ll f" l plpd 1 'll JIIIS, bu put rein in a p ace 0 ;s1ng-e tax on Ian va ues W1 safety. not solitary. not to puuisl1_,;(lestroy the power -of the landlord but to edu-2,-ate, and to grow better; and land speculat.or~ both drones cultivate the good that has laidiin the great h1ve.of humanity. 7 dormant in their natures; Sl1OWj: And 1n conclusions question :_ If, them the better way, for they are as you aflirm, George and his disci- not tot.all__v'(leprave(l, only through pies are whining mad because they load conditions. _1es, I wo11_lI>I.” On Mississippi's bottom-land ‘Great crops of corn and cotton stand; Corn, fruit, and sugar, too, we'll show, Near by where pines and cypress grow. “ LOUISIANA.” Louisiana yields to thee ' Good sugar for thy evening 5 tea. _ fie,» rice and cotton, too, not small- She gladly oflcrc you her all. ‘ “ TEXAS.” The “ Lone Star State” will freely bring A tithe of almost everything; Cotton, corn, and hosts ol stock, And sheep by thousands in the flock. “ TENNESSEE.” Our wheat and stock, our hemp and hay, Are at you service without pay. Our mines and forests, too, are rich: In fact we’re far from the last ditch. " I{ENTI'eI{I'.” Kentucky's cattle take the prize. Her horses, too. delight the eyes. VVe raise of hemp the largest crop. And beat the world on mules and pop. “OHIO.” Now, if there‘s anything you lack. Don’t be discouraged, don’t hang back. From fine wool sheep to corn in shock. Ohio keeps it all in stock. " ILLINO1s ” In wheat and corn our State ranks tirst, In other grains sliels far from worst. Our hogs are fat, our horses strong, \Ve’ll always help the cutise along. “ \vIsCONsIN.” Vast crops of grain from out our soil Repay the farmer for his lull, And lumber. factories, and mines In various parts are healthful signs. “ MINNESOTA.” Of wheat and oats we have great store, Our mills grind many bushels more. l “ .\IIssOI*RI.” Missouri‘s crops are corn and wlIe;u., In raising hugs she's hard to beat. In zinc and iron, and in lead 1 think we are well towards the head. “ IOwA." ()ur pmirie soil is rich and black, For grain and corn we do not lack. \\'ith hogs,pot;1toes. hay and flax Iowa xery little lacks. “ ARI;. "' I;ANsAs." In fiercest strife Our State was born, Now prairies teem with wheat and corn: On western slopes our cattle graze. And droves of porkers eat our maize. “ COLORADO.” Colorado came in late; You call her your “ Centennial State.” Our wealth is in our silver ore. But farming now is at our door. “ CALIFORNIA.” The Argonauts of forty-nine Wheel California into line; Her gold and woods, her fruit and grains, She sends by ear-loads o’er the plains. “INDIANA.” The Hoosier boys are great for grain. For hogs and hominy and “blue jean." She can’t be bad. you see it's so, She’s close to Michigan, you know. “ MICHIGAN.” V\'e’re glad to see all here today, VVith pleasure hear what each would say, For Michigan our girls and boys \Vill sing to you about our joys. "' MICHIGAN.” l Land of the loyal W'olrerine, Michigan, my Michigan! From waters blue and forests green, Michigan, my Michigan! May all your children honor you, Peninsula so fair to view, And Pioneers so grandly true, Michigan, my Michigan! 2. From t\Iaumee Bay to Keweenaw, Michigan, my Michigan! A richer land one never saw, Michigan, my Michigan! Thy farms are famous world amund, Rare woods are in thy forests found, Thy rocks in richest ore abound, Michigan, my Michigan! 3. Our fruit, so luscious, can’t be beat, Michigan, my Michigan! W'e’ve salt to keep the nation sweet, Michigan, my Michigan! \Ve’ve sixteen hundred miles of coast, And full five thousand lakes we boast, Two million people greet the toast, Michigan, my Michigan! 4. Though all these things so famous are, Michigan, my Michigan! \Ve’ve other things more famed by far Michigan, my Michigan! Schoolhouses thickly dot our land, State institutions, free and grand, And churches, too, on every hand, Michigan, my Michigan! \Vith this inheritance so great, Michigan, my Michigan! VVhat is our duty to the State? Michigan, my Michigan! As loyal children, let us fight, For learning, virtue, truth, and right, Tuebor shout, God give us might, Michigan, my Michigan! “ COLUMBIA.” Well, daughters, this indeed is wealth, That, too. accompanied with health, Yet other things we can but state, VVe need to make a nation great. '1: Our men and women all should be, High minded, temperate and free, Good wholesome food, good sense in dress, A hand to help those in distress. Keep good old Saxon honor bright, Not ask what's policy, but right, Strike hard 'gainst every form of wrong. But every good cause help along. Restore respect for honest work, Banish every drone and shirk, John Smiths motto can't be beat-— “ Those who won’t work shall never eat." Thus shall the decades come and go, While happy homes more happy grow, And as we look on fruitful farms, Reflecting to us nature’: charms, To nature’: God give thanks and praise, And loyal service all our days. ALL THE STATES IN OONGEET. Most noble words, we’ll, heed them well, No more Bohemian oats we'll sell. The drive well man may drive right by, And serve injunctions on the sky. The sturdy farmer bound so long By mortgages and taxes wrong, By ignorance of laws of health, Of all the fertilizerfs wealth, VVill through the Grange now break his bands, , , Loose his fetters, free his hands, And henceforth with God-given might, Strike lusty blows for home and right. , HINTS T0 LECTURERS OF SUB- 5 ORDINATE GRANGES. MRS. E. D. NOKES. You who have been elected to fill the most helpful Office in the Grange, that of Lecturer, have taken upon yourselves the solemn pledge of honor to perform all the duties pertaining to your Oflice as far as in your power, until your suc- cessor is duly installed. In this Work you will find, as in all Other, that “eternal vigilance is the price" Of success, and that you must let nothing less than sick- ness and death keep you from your part. Watch! Study yourself! If there is the least bit of egotism ,abOut you banish it, if 1IOt alto- Egether from your life, do it while iyou hold your Oflice. If one has ‘that “disease” there is danger of contagion and the Work is not as harmonious as the good Of the Grange requires it to be. DO not go before your Grange without thoroughly understanding your program and Whether all are prepared to respond or not. DO not call upon one and compel them to apologize before the Grange; “ not prepared” is an epidemic not. easily controlled when Once started. DO not even intimate that one of the members stayed at home be- cause their name was upon the program for the evening. It may react upon yourself sometime. We know of a Lecturer whose Whole term Of Office seemed to be a fail- ure, because he practiced that a few times before his election, and accus- ed Others of it afterwards. Exer- cise charity. Cultivate tact, that divinest of gifts. If you study the members, seek to make yourself acquainted with each One personally, learn What each One can do best, asking them to do their work asgtough it were 3. personal favor to yourself, being grateful for every effort, be it ever so small. Patient under all things and all circumstances, you will soon find yourself rewarded by a concerted action Of the whole Grange to make the meetings a success. We labored in a very quiet Way, two Whole years, to get a certain brother upon his feet to say something, and felt repaid ten fold by the satisfaction of knowing he can do his part Well, not only in the Grange but in other orders also. We think it best not to ignore the past Lecturers; consult with them frequently. If their work was successful Or Otherwise, they can give you many points which will be helpful, make them feel better too. Take the young people into your confidence; hold a semi- secret meeting and have them help in a. program, which will surprise the workers. Avoid partiality, re- membering that the one with the one talent is as much needed to complete the grand harmony of the Whole Grange as the one Of many talents, and if their effort be ever so poor, show, by the word of appreciation, spoken in season, that their work has been helpful, and thus encourage them to better of- fort in the future. DOn’t let one single talent be buried, but find it and then use it. We all know that “music hath charms.” Use it, from the comb and paper quartet, all along the line, comic, serio-comic, sentimen- tal up to the glorious anthem that so elevates and inspires. Let the tones of the comet and violin min- gle, not only with the sacred words, but reverberate and echo through our Grange halls the bewitching waltz, polka or stately march, re- membering the hour spent in their company, “drives dull care away.” arid acts like condiments which season the :more heavy diet of essay and discussion. Change your program; do not follow the same line every meeting. Strive to have everything in its own season. When it is time to make garden, have your program such, that it will impress u n the mind of every thinking atron, that it is for his best interest to make one, and so on all through the sea- son bring something that is helpful to the farmer and his work. Do not neglect the household. Many a sister sits with folded hands and intent voice who might be a power in the meeting if she would only forget self, and find her voice to relate her experience for the benefit of Others. We think it would-be a grand thing to have a VVOrld’s Fair program, Occasionally through this year. Many Of us are planning to go, and all the knowl- edge We can gain will help us. The experience Of those who go early in the season, given ' in Grange meeting, would be Of benefit to those who go later. While we would exhort you to do “with your might What your hand finds to do,” We would hint. that you be careful, not to do all the talking yourself, but rather cultivate the knack of drawin_s_r others Out, by asking now and then a helpful question, thereby stimu- lat-ing them to give their best thouglits to the Grange. Whatever the program, see that the Master plans the time, so that you and your Workers can be heard. If one takes the time to prepare an exercise, when he is so busy (it is the busy ones who generally do the necessary to have the work ren- dered. " I 7. ‘ Above all, do not forget your- selves. Glean dilligently from every field. Keep yourself thor- oughly posted upon current events especially everything that pertains to the farmer’s Welfare, and be Willing to impart all you glean. Place your Work On a high elevation, and then strive with all your might to lift others to it. Lady Henry Somerset said in her address at Denver, (301.2 “The best that one can do along the road of life, is to make the pathway plain to those who follow after.” Grand thought! Remember, when some- times you are Weary and discour- aged or “terribly hurt” as you some- times will be, that your reward lies in the knowledge that you are blazing the Way for a grander, higher life for the tillers of the soil, and every effort you make for their uplifting has a corresponding advantage for yourself. Your Work Well done, your successor will find it easier to follow after. C'hurch’s Corners. FROM THE SUNNY SOUTH. Alberta, Ala_, Feb. 27, 1895’. EDITOR VIsITOR——Thinking your many readers might like to know something Of this part Of the “sunny south,” also remembering my promise to Moline Grange 248, made before starting to spend the Winter here, and will tell you some- thing Of this, ,to us northerners, Wonderful country. At this date, the peach and plum trees are in bloom, wild flowers are filling the woods with their fragrance. Gardens are looking green; peas five inches high in one garden I saw last week. The wild grass is springing up rapidly, and the many hued birds are Warb- ling their sweet; songs filling the whole air with music. Men and mules, but very few horses are used to work the land here, are seen in all directions plowing for cotton, the staple crop here. The children are playing out of doors bareheaded and bare- footed, with the thermometer at from 70° to 80° above zero. This is a small village, settled since the railroad, Mobile and Birmingham, was put through six years ago; 131 miles from Mobile, and 32 from Selma. Through here it is called “The Black Belt,” de- riving its name from the negro population as they number five times that of the whites. The con- sequence of this is they do all the work; as they work very cheap,if they have corn bread and meat and a. cabin to sleep in they seem to be satisfied. They are a very healthy people, also very happy minded. I will tell you a little of the way they plant cotton. They turn four furrows together, then put ground cotton seed meal in the center as a fertilizer, with the cotton seed on top and cover as we do com. All crops are put in this same way in ridges so the harrow is not used here. The soil is generally poor; some sand and red clay with 9. lime rock subsoil from two to fifteen feet underneath. The principal timber in pine, sweet gum and live oak. . Farm machinery as used in the north is seldom, if ever, seen here. A mowing machine would be one of the seven wonders Of the world to many, as a “ nigger” with a mule and a small plow is the sum total of their needs for farm Work. NO grass is cut, as the cattle roam the fields and woods at their own sweet will. There is no wheat grown _here. The flour is shipped from St. Louis and Cincinnati. The finest quality Of sweet potatoes is raised, some Irish potatoes also, but the flavor of the latter is not what it is in the north. The people here complain that the winter has been very severe, and say it’s been “mighty cold,” Inuch colder than for many years; still as the mercury has stood not less than 18 degrees above zero, and that only twice, so we feel as though we have had no Winter to speak Of. Soon after Christmas there was quite a snow storm but the Warmth of the ground soon melted it leaving the earth as dry as before. Vile can scarcely realize that it is February when it seems like a May day with its flowers and birds. The dear Old VISITOR comes to work), Others Ought to be eourte-33 Ous enough to give them the time -‘ us regularly and seems like the face Of an Old friend tried and true. Yours for the cause, MRs. E. L. ORTON. JI'S'l‘ AN ll l:‘;\IR. EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR~—Tl1ere is so much discussion in THE VISI- TOR of late about the mortgage tax law, I may be pardoned if I have my say tOO. As Mr. Goodrich says, it is one Of the most just laws in its intent there is on Our statute books today, and why so many farmers should condemn it is more than I can see. I believe money to be a commodity, an article of merchan- dise if you like, that will bring in the market what it is really worth and no more, unless there be a corner On it in some way; and that the placing it On the assess- ment roll does not affect its value any Inore than it does the fa.rmer’s horse Or cow Or Wheat. It Would look 3. little ridiculous. would it not, for the farmer who r-oultl hold his Wheat till J une and then Went to market with it, to say to the pur- chaser this Wheat has been assessed in my township at one dollar per bushel, the tax will be about one per cent, so you will have to pay me the market price and pay the taxes. Yet in equity hasn’t he sa much right to demand and enforce his claim as the money loaner? We hear the complaint too, that mortgages are not assessed at the same rate that farms are. I think they are, at least in this town- ship farms that will rent for two hundred dollars are assessed for about twenty-five hundred dollars, which makes the rental 8 per cent Of its assessed value, and that being the legal rate of interest charg- ed here makes the assessment equal and no injustice done. Again is there any class of property in this state that pays so easy and sure a revenue as mortgage prop- erty? Is there any property that is better protected by the laws of the state than mortgages, Or that use use the strong arm of the law more relentlessly than mortgages? No, for under the laws of our state the mortgage is a. better title than the Owner’s deed, for the mortgagee can foreclose and sell the property and set aside the deed whilst there is no law that can set aside la. mort- gage legally Obtained until it is fully satisfied. Mr. Baker, of De- troit, says: “if the GRANGE VISITOR would advocate a plain and simple law that mortgages on real estate shall not be taxed and have it adopted as the permanent policy of the state it would do the farmers and all borrowers more good than anything else that has been sug- gested.” But is Mr. Baker willing to take money Or mortgages out from the protection of the law or the state. I think not. The money loaner is as anxious for and receives the same protection as others. And right here, Mr. Edi- tor, comes in a heaven-born prin- ciple that every- true American should stand and fight for to the death, if need be, and that is that all property that receives the pro- tection of the state should be con pelled to bear its just share of the burdens Of taxation Repeal? No, never! I am glad THE VISITOR is giving us so hearty support in this matter. The Grange has stood for ual and just taxation ever since its Organization. Through it is our only hope. Luann. ms onnisfon vrsrron. A MAY 1, 1893 Woman’s Work. SMILE WIIENEVER YOU CAN. a When things don't go to suit you. And the world seeinsupside _down. Don't waste your time in fretting. But drive away that frown; Since life is oft perplexing. ‘Tie much the wisest plan To hear all trials bravely. And smile whene‘er we can, Why should we dread to—niorrow, And thus des -il For when you garrow trouble. You always have to pay. It is a good old maxim, Which should he often reached- Dun‘t cross the bridge be ore you, Until the bridge is reached. You might be spared _much sighing, If you would keep in mind._ The thought that good and evil Are always here combined. . There must be something wanting, And though you roll in wealth. You may miss from your casket That precious jewel—health. And though you're strong and sturdy. You ma have an em p_ty purse; (And can has many trials Which I consider worse!) But whether joy or sorrow Fill up your mortal span. _ ‘Twill make our pathway brighter To smile w ene‘er you can! , —E:ccha1tge. ALL ABOUT HIRED GILS. Every one knows that the aver- age kitchen girl’s mind is mostly fixed upon beaux, and how much finery she can get for the money she receives. The last one I had was in love, and remembering my own youthful days I gave her more liberty’ than she ought to have had, for her sweetheart visited her every evening, and the last week she was with me, every afternoon but one. To many girls, who are obliged to do housework, it is distasteful, as they consider it synonymous with ignorance, but as they are unable to do anything else that is remun- erative, they take their places in the kitchen, working in a dreary, listless way, doing what they must, and shirking what they can, so de- sirous of release that they will ac- cept the first chance offered them in the way of marriage. In the country it is hard to find girls who are willing to do the heavy work in a family, and I have heard many of my friends say that they would not keep help unless ubsolzdely obliged to do so. Girls are scarce unless a man wants to get married. When looking for a girl last summer, almost every one asked, What do you want done? and upon receiving an answer not in accordance with their ideas of what they wished to do, would reply “I’ve had lots of chances to do that.” German girls give the best satisfaction to those who have employed them When girls first begin to serve as domestics in any family. I no- tice that they are more faithful and anxious to please, than after a few years of labor; the fault may be with the mistress, who expects more of them than they are able to per- form. In the co untrya girl expects to be, and is, treated as a member of the family, and in many cases I have seen the mistress waiting up- on guests, while the girl sat at the table eating with them When I was young, if a neighbor was in need of help it was not considered a menial service to work for them a few weeks, even if one was fresh from school or college. I was once visiting a lady who was a graduate of Hillsdale College and who had taught schools more or less during the years while she was studying, and remarking upon the excellency of her cooking, she replied that she worked in the kitchen during vaca- tions, and wherever she worked the mistress was a good cook, and she tried to learn all she could. There is the secret of success. Educate our girls to think that any work is more respectable than idleness, and that they should try to excel in whatever they undertake. ALOE. HOW HELP THE HIRED GIRL? MRS. ANNA PALMER. A great many advocate a school for training competent servants. I would be in favor of this for girls who have no competent mothers or(no mothers at all) but I most de- cidedly advocate that the training be in our own homes. So many have such exalted ideas as to what teach their girls. They must be schooled in all the arts and sciences of the times far beyond anything they ever expect to attain or would be of any use to them in ordinary life. Thisis all right as far as it goes. I am in favor of giving the girls a thorough education in college,— music, painting, or anything that suits their ambition, for education is just as good in the kitchen as in the parlor. But above all, give them a thorough education in housework. Teach them to cook, sew, mend, sweep, wash, iron and everything that pertains to the various duties of the house. Teach them that the mistress should not be so far above the girl in her em- ployment. In a measure we are responsible for her moral and edu- cational welfare. It is the personal contact of the lady with the servant that is essential to success. It is the inspiration that is given by sympathy, by judicious suggestions personal advice. Give them a. warm, loving heart; show by your actions that you are interested in them. Seek to know their aims, their inner life,'in the capacity of a help- ful friend, of a wise counselor. You can in this way enter into their hearts and inspire those senti- ments and aspirations that will be of the greatest service. If house work were looked upon as a pro- fession instead of a drudgery there would be more competent girls. Most of the girls who do house- work for a living do it because they are forced to, not from choice, hence the depression. They do not know how to do anything else (nor house work either.) Good girls are at a premium and can com- mand good pay. As a general thing we do not pay them enough to entice them to work in the kitchen. N 0 girl is going to work ten hours a. day for eight dollars per month (and often less), when she can get twenty-five and up- ward per month for six hours a day at some more tasteful occupa- tion. I wish to say with emphasis that a reinforcement of qualified girls to do house work meets my hearty approval. Use them well, compensate them fairly and you will have less trouble in getting a hired girl. Palmyra. YO U CAN AID. MRS. W. M. BEAL. This grand State of ours has built an institution at Adrian that is doing.its best to train girls for usefulness in the world, and many go from this home and do well for their employers. To obtain good results the good housewife must be blessed with a large amount of pa- tience and discipline, for many of them have been born in wickedness and have never known the bless- ings of home, nor been trained to do right until their feet enter this institution. Here they are trained to perform all kinds of housework, and to sew and mend their clothes, and to forsake the bad and to try in the world. Some of the girls can neither read nor write when they enter this home. Good teachers are provided and pleasant school- rooms, and their minds as well as hands receive proper training. After these girls become good work- ers, they are allowed to go out to work in private families, and if one desires to do good, and advance the grand work already begun, here is an opportunity to have help with the work on the farm, and to have the satisfaction of feeling that you have aided these unfortunate girls, and pointed the way to develop a noble womanhood. Adrian. APROFESSOR AND THE HIRED GIRL. Woman has been said to be “the hereditary mistress of a hundred trades.” Ina course of recent lect- ures on Domestic Service before an audience of homekeepers and college girls in Ann Arbor, Profes- sor Lucy M. Salmon of Vassar, took quite other ground. Her five papers were exhaustive and critical and closed with an outlined plan to do away with the friction of the present system of house help and at the same time keep intact the elements of home. Miss Salmon’s theory assumes thatthe chasm between the kitchen and the parlor must be bridged and that by the occupant of the parlor; “ that all woman’s work should have a money value, and that by the cultivation of their specialties an ‘ nnconscious co-op- eration will result.’ ” The Woman’s Exchange gives a clue to her idea which recommends itself on the basis of true progress, that is, self-help. Dishes will be obtainable ready for the final heat, vegetables delivered prepared for cooking, general washing done as fine linen is now, by experts, reg- ular servants will be largely dis- to become good and useful women 0 pensed with, displaced by women who will do by the hour their spec- ially qualified work. Specialists win, and one woman dams and mends better than sweeps; another can cater for com- panies who has no talent for at- ranging rooms; and one can make salads easier than concoct cookies. The girl whose fruits and pickles take the blue ribbon ought not to work button holes for a pittance, and the one who can make hygien- ic bread will find “ room at the top.” Weaving has gone from the in- dividual houses, so has tailoring, millinery, and fine dress making. Soap, cheese and butter are being turned over to the co-operators. To send fresh fruit long distances through heat and (lust for canning by city housekeepers will soon be as unthought of as is now to ship milk to them to churn for their own tables. Fruit will be cared for by women on farms who will use the proceeds to buy clothing ready- made or bread, cakes and crackers, baked in some other woman’s oven. Such changes entail added expense at first and begin in the wealthier classes but soon are within reach of all. Take the single instance of men’s clothing for illustration. _ To choose a. specialty in the sci- ence of housekeeping and study it in the lights of all its whys and hows and whens, may yet be the privilege of the girl who “ likes housekeeping.” J. B. MISTRESS AND MAID. SISTER E. B. The ladies of our land and times need something more than a serv- ant that is simply strong and will- ing; they need a maid who is hon- est, intelligent and faithful, one that may be trusted to bear some of the responsibilities of the house- hold. It is a diflicult problem. Whom shall we take into our homes? If every mistress were a model housekeeper, and every maid a model helper, this vexed question would be scattered to the wind; but this is not possible. If the mistress is ever cheerful, wearing a genial smile, speaking in a pleasant voice, generous and for- giving. systematic in her work, neat and orderly in~ pefisonal matters, as well as in household requirements, and directing all with womanly dignity, ought not the household machinery to run in a regular, methodical manner, if the maid is loyal and truthful? What is the trouble? VVe have to look for help among the lower class, who are igno- rant and many times unprincipled, whose only care is to put in their time and collect their Wages. Why is this? VVho is to be blamed for this state of things? The maids in our kitchens are looked upon as inferior beings, and it is not sur- prising to find the more intelligent and educated girls looking for em- ployment behind the counter, in the factories and shops, where they may be independent a part of the time. Possibly this would be dif- ferent if they were treated with more kindness, patience and respect on the part of the mistress—if they were made to feel that they were one of the family. I can recall an example where the maid was treated as a member of the family, becoming acquainted with the guests and eating at the same table, whose interests and comforts were looked after by every member of the family, who repaid it all by faithfully and cheerfully performing her duties and showing courtesy and respect to the mis- tress, family and friends. Think you dear sister we would have so much trouble in procuring good help if this inducement were held out to them? Would they not be better qualified to take up the responsibilities of a home of their own? Would not a good home prove a better training school than the factory or shop? Let us ponder this question well, and not willingly wrong or defraud a sister of the rights which should be hers. Palmyra. HOWVTO MANAGE HIRED GIRLS. MRS. A. J. SUTTON. That many housewives must de- pend on hired help seems abso- lutely necessary. Our daughters grow up and make homes for them- selves, and at an advanced age we find we cannot contend with the housework that we once could, so must hire it done. If we are so unfortunate as to have no daugh- ters, then we must depend on hired girls for help, and it is well for us as housekeepers, to look upon them as helps rather than servants, treating them like one of the fam- ily and making them feel at home as much as possible. If we have company we should intro- duce them and try to make them feel free and easy, and too it is ‘a good plan sometimes to allow them to enjoy company, and occasion- ally to have a day out for recrea- tion and pleasure. It is not wise to restrict them too closely in these matters, and I think we should try to do by them as we would wish to be done by were we in their places. And too I think we should show due respect for them when they tell us the name they wish to be called by. We should call them by that, not something else. I once knew a lady who always called her hired girl “Bridget.” She said she changed help so often she could not remember names. It seems tome that such women have not much respect for their help. Then about the manner of doing work. If a girl is used to work and understands how to work, it is easier for her to do the work her way than to change and do it another way and if she does it as neatly, as quickly and as econom- ically, then I think we make a mis- take by being so particular that no way but our own will do and must have it done just that particular Way. The lady that will not give up her way a little loses sight of the better and more perfect way. In regard to wages, our help should not be obliged to ask for their pay, but there should be an understanding, not only how much they should receive, but how often and when they should receive it. and we should offer it in such a way that they may feel it is not offered grudgingly, but willingly as their just due. Another vexed question is their room. Not long since I heard one girl tell another that she had a looking-glass, wash-bowl and pitcher, towels and comb in her room, just the same as the teacher that boarded at the house where she worked. Well, why not, if we expect them to be neat and clean with their person, and of course we do? I am sorry that so many of our girls and even mothers look upon housework as degrading and appear to think it is not so honorable as some other calling. While it seems to me that any girl may well feel proud to be assured that she is well skilled in the art of house- keeping and culinary aifairs,and the girl that thoroughly understands these things ought to command better wages than one that does not; and it is economy to employ the help that best understands the work. Many mothers who are efficient in the control of their own household had rather do the work themselves than take the trouble of teaching their daughters. This is an injustice to the girls, and mothers ought no more to neglect this part of their education than the education from books; and they should be taught to realize that to be an adept at cooking or serving is just as great an accomplishment as music, or painting. Praise is an essential element in the character of a mistress, and is a great help to the hired girl. Not long ago it was my privilege to entertain a lady of talent and culture. I was not well, and had an excellent hired girl. When the lady took her departure she ac- knowledged her indebtedness to the girl in a very pleasant man- ner for the share she had had in her entertainment. This pleased the girl, and is right. It made the girl feel proud of her accomplish- ment and honored in her calling. Morenci. WHY DO GIRLS CONSIDER FAMILY SERVICE MORE MENIAI. THAN CLERKING OR ANY OTHER WORK? ONE THE GIRLS. There are several reasons why it is not desirable to be the hired girl, if one is an intelligent American. There are many cases where girls have been brought up to do house- work well, with the idea that it is apart of woman’s mission to fit herself for a housekeeper and for her own practical use too. The force of circumstances rendered it necessary to earn her own ‘support, and perhaps, help maintain kind- red. She starts out to work among the farmers expecting to be more on an equality and receive better treatment than in the town, and she gets from one dollar to two dollars per week, which she 15 apt to think at first is clear profit. But she finds she was employed to do the rough, heavy work of the house and dairy, lifting burdens some- times far beyond her strength. Then the wear to her clothes and shoes, etc., in the long run almost absorbsthe profits even in common wear, leaving her as helpless as be- fore, as far as helping the dear ones goes, besides she has lost, by confin- ing herself to such hard labor her elasticity and suppleness of mind as well as body, and she begins to feel that she is a good deal below par socially, so her necessities drive her to the city, where as a cook or upper servant she can command $2.50 or $ .00 per week. But here the strain comes from another point. The majority of American homes are governed on too loose a basis. There is too little order and regularity in the general management to make the work easy or profitable. The chil- dren are impudent, disorderly and distructive, and the " girl” gets the credit for all the disasters that hap- pen in the house, and it is almost impossible for the girl to ever fin- ish her work. She soon finds that she must have many latent talents to draw from to make her work a success. Patience, the chiefest of virtues, a great love of children, a faculty to please and amuse them, with courage, perseverance and en- ergy may make her a good servant, but with all her virtues she is not raised in the social scale where she originally belonged, or Where such talent would place her in any other occupation. She has scarcely a chance, excepting the half holiday each Week, for reading or self- improvement, or to do even the much needed mending, unless she works nights when she is fatigued enough to, and ought to be in bed. She sees other girls with no greater talent, do the sewing and earn $1.00 per day on less time, and a small margin taken out to pay for lodg-_, - ings. In nearly all other daily occupa- tions there is a limit to the time employed which gives a girl a chance for her own work, or study to fit her for higher employment, if she chooses, and not be under surveillance either. There is more need than ever be- fore for good Christian mothers and homes for girls who would give good service could they receive some recognition as human beings with sensibilities and have a fair chance for improvement mentally, morally and physically. Among the forthcoming publica- tions of the United States De- partment of Agriculture is one presenting the results of a col- laboration of official statistics of all countries in the world, so far as obtainable by the most diligent research, relating to the produc-’ tion and distribution of the prin- cipal products of agriculture. Ninety-two countries are repre- sented in the work, and wherever annual statistics are availabe, the figures are given for ten consecu- tive years. There are necessarily gaps in the annual series, many countries failing to make yearly enumerations of products, while in others the requisite trade records have not been published. Still, as far as possible, a systematic average of a series of years has been compiled, it being impossible to make use, for practical deduc- ions, of the record of a single year in any country owing to the fluctu- ations of annual production, both in the area, rate of yield and trade requirements. In his letter of submittal, the statistican ‘thus emphasizes the difficulty and mag- nitude of the work: “It involves translation from many languages, reductions of weights and meas- ures, nearly as numerous as the countries represented, the collec- tion of consecutive annual state- ments for a period of ten years, the ascertaining of the average population of each country for that period, and the orderly ar- rangement of hundreds of separate tables, primarily between a thou- . sand and two thousand.” l\.'. ~.. iMAY 1, 1893. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 7 Q is a book containing illustrations, prices and descriptions of 30,000 articles in common ukse, a book that will show yousiat a glance if you are paying too much for the goods you are now buying, WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU? is it worth the —15 CENTS in stamps re- quired to pay. postage or express charges on a copy? THE BUYERS GUIDE AND CATALOGUE ( issued every March and September) is the book we are talking about; you are not safe without a copy of the latest edition in the house. MONTGOMERY WARD 6'. 80., I I I to I I6 Michigan Ave., Chicago- In writing mention Tan Guzman VISTIOB OFFICIAL oInr:cToR\(lcRAND Oflcers National Grange. MAs'I'ER—J. II. BRIGHAM ________ ..Delta, Ohio OVERSF.ER—E. W. DAVIS . . . _ ..l~‘.anta Rosa. Cal. LEO'1‘UBEB—MORTIMER WHITEHEAD ...... _. l6I8 St‘... N. VV., Washington, D. C. ‘S’l'EwAED—A. E. PAGE ____ Appleton City, Mo. Ass"r STEWARD -0. E. HALL._.._P-awnee, Neb. CB.APLAIi\'—(‘llAS. MC IANIFIL. New I-l:Iinps_hire TBEASUBEB—F. M. Mcl’)OWEL.Penn Yan. N. Y. SEoRE'rAIiY——J0HN TRIMBLE,Washii1gton. D.C GATE KEEPER—VV. H. NELSON .... ._ Tennessee Cii:izxs—MRS. J. H. BRIGIIAM. __Delta, Qhio PoiuoNA—.VIRbl. E. BOWEN.....,___Cnnne-cticut FLoBA—MRS. E. P. VVILSON, . _ Mississippi LADY Ass‘T STI:w‘n—MRS. N. lK.'l)OUGLASS.. Slierborn, Mass. Executive Committee. LEONARD RI-IONE..Center Hall, Pennsylvania J. J. WOODMAN. _______ _.Paw Par. Michigan X. X. UHARTIERS .__Fredericksbuii4, Virginia Committee on Woman’s Work ‘ .1 the Grange. MRS. H. H. VVOODMAN . Paw Paw, Michigan MRS. C. I“.LE|.‘TA ::'2\V EN. Wt)0il5lOCl(, I '1 MRS. '3‘ W. Ofllcers Michigan State Grange. mAs1~En-—G. H. HORTON _________ ._Fruit Ridge Ov];a3EE3—M,. T, (‘OLE ,_..___.. _ ..__Palmyra LEO’l'UBEB—A. J. CROSBY, Jn _______ __Ypsilanti 31'EwA3D——A_ P. GR.-'\Y_. ___ ,,, __, -_ ______Archie Ass"r STEWARD-—J. H. MARTIN, Box 442,R(ira_i:Jd pi s CHA1>LA1n—MARY A. MAYO ____ ._Battle Creek TREASURER-E. A. STRONG ________ _.Vicksburg 8EORE’1'ABY—JENNlE BUELL ______ __Ann Arbor GATE KEEPER—GEO. L. CARLISLE_.Kalkaska Cnnns—-MARY C. ALLIS Adrian FLORA—M.RS SARAH ST. CLAIR. Butternut POMONA-—MH.S. A. A. LEIGHTON...‘ Old Mission L. A. STEW;D- MRS. J .H. MARTIN (zrand Rapids Executive Committee. J. G. RAMSDELL. Ch -.___Traverse City LATT P '. HI . TA PERRY MAYO .... ._ . .B _ _ G. B. HORTON. Ridge JENNIE BUELL. ----A-DD Arbor Committee on Woman's Work in the Grange. S _ )1 mill‘ ds ............ _. tanto fig;-)0 ____1_!3 __________ ._Battle (‘reek Migg O, _ Carpenter _______________ _.Dimondale C General Deputy. Lecturers. gmgy ,;_ MAYO __________________ __Battle Creek H0N_ _j_ J, WOODMAN ______________ _.Paw Paw Ho;-;_ (3, G, ]_.U('E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . __ Coldwater HUN PERRY MAYO Battle Creek HOV THOS. MARS errien Center JASON WUODMAN .- Paw Raw ;, D. BANK , ....... ..Lans1ng 9-, L. WHITNEY ..................... ..Mnskegon County:Deputies. D_ }{_ sgebbms ________ __ Atwood, Antrim C . C_ V_ Nash _________ __B1oomi _ dale, Alleg-.i.n R. ‘B. Reynolds. -- ‘ml. B8117-I8 Geo. Bowser ___ ’ _ “ {gmes D, Studley _.Union City, Branch . V. Ll.-irk ____ __ __.Buchanan, Berrien ' \v_ E,-men ___________ __ St. johns, Clinton "£4 _Battle Creek, Calhoun “ . .5, Barry ______ __Cassopolis. Cass A_ D_ Bank _r____ ____ _,].:in.1')1c0It’.v is from her facile and welI—tricd pen. Its title is “ Mrs. Romney.” The third in the series of “ Lip_z‘u';zmz‘t’s Notable Stories, “ A Pastel,” by Cornelia Kane Rathbone, is a delicate and touching sketch of wasted loyalty and disappointed hope. It is illustrated throughout. James Cox furnishes a full and glowing account of “ New St. Louis," illustratcd with cuts of a dozen of the huge buiidings which have lately risen in that thriving and progressive city. James Bunting traces the origin and history of “ The Society of the Cincinnati,” with the violent objections which were raised in he early days against its supposed aristocratic character and dangerous tend- ency This article also is illustrated. Mrs. Gertrude Atherlon supplies a short but ap- preciative account of the American sculp- tress Kuhne Beveridge, with a cut of her most notable work, “ The Sprinter.” Pro- fessor L. M. Haupt has a brief article on “ Colonel Pope and Good Roads.” M. Crofion, “ In Men of the Day,” gives sketches of William Morris the poet, Archbishop Satolli, and Secretary of VVar Lamont. The poetry of the number is bv Louise Chandler Moulton, Dora Read Goodale, Charlotte Pendleton, and Arthur 1). F. Randolph. READ WHAT MR. WIiiII’I‘llIAN SAYS. ABOUI‘ INljElISOLL’S PAINT‘. Steuben C0,, N. Y., 4-14, ‘.93. DEAR SiR:— My house has been painted 16 or 17 years with your Liquid Rubber Paint and is looking well. I think it ought to be painted again now, and I will paint it with the same. I will let you know when I am ready, and shall buy of you, when I buy. YoursTruly, NOAH WIGHTMAN. (See Adv. Inger:-ioll’s Liquid Rubber Paints. Ed.) Wvw Hnvfaésrss |:sri::L Pnrsszgl ' F: n I» 2oAD 3K:T%.RgIlfij~£h$?N.K A etinirsnl yr THE WORLD’S run. The passenger entering Chicago from the east by any of the MICHIGAN CEl\‘TR;\L trains will observe, after passing Kensing ton and Grand Crossing, that the tracks are gradually elevated until, from a point of view some twenty feet above the level, he sees to the right an assemblage of domes, towers and spires rising above the trces between the railroad and Lake Micliigrm. These are some of the colossal and mag- nificent palaces of the \VorId’s Coluiribiiin Exposition, iafisurpassing, not only in num- ber and niagn tude, but in beauty and ar- iistic harmony fdesign, any asst-inblage of buildings that he world has ever before seen. First to be ri ticed and directly in front of the railway station where the M ICIIIG.-\N CENTRAL trains will enter the Exposition, rise grandly the four square pavilions of the Adininistration building, crowned by its great dome, 260 feet above the ground,--- “almost as lofty as that of St. Paul’s in i London,” says: .\Irs. Van Rensselaer, “ and illlhilal as graceful in outline as that of the Florentine Czillicdral." In from of it stands the inagiiiriccnt bronze foiintziin by Mac- Monnics, facing the great basin in the cen- ter of the ‘great court, upon which fionttlzc .-\griciiliiu':il building and. .\lacliiner_v Hall on the south, and the palaces of ‘Miiics and Mining, Electricity, and of .\I:iniif:icturc~ and the Liberal Arts on the north. Tllc domes and to were of these buildings may be seen in the distance, and pariiculiu-I_\ the grcrt arched roof of the last named building, the largest in the world. It cov ers an area of more than ihirL_v acres ~- llll't‘C times that of the largest building of the great Paris Exposition of 1889. As the train approaches more closely 10 clearly >'i:‘(‘ll to the left of the Adniinis‘ir.i- lion building. It covers, with its :innc.\e.~, fourteen and :1 half acres of ground, and ii- l1lll.\‘.~'lVC arched doorway. eIziIior:iteI_v decor- atcd and known as the “ Golden Portal." i- oiic of the most strikiiig external features of the E.\positian,. Next to the left is the llorticulturzil Building, :1 tlioiisruid feet in length, and wiih :1 central pavilion, under the gI(lS.\ dome of whicli is grouped the finest known collection of baiuboos. tree-feriis :indp.".lni.<. Nortliwurd. and still nearer to the train. is the \‘»'oiiiaii's building, a chaste and noble structure, lirst of all to be completed, and the architect. artists and decorators of which wcrc all women. It will be till<:'d of the women of all nations. Croszsiiig the .\licli\':i_v Plaisance, which cn1inccts_I:ick.~oii Park on the east with \Vashington Park on the west, and in which are locuicd a section of Paris, a street of Cairo, Irish, German, Austrian and Turl-:ish villages, a Dutch East Indian set- tlement, ice, sliding and spiral electric rail- \v:i_vs, and numerous other interesting feat- ures, of some of which the traveler nici_v gr-ta glimpse as he diishcs by. On the right, grouped at the norlh end of Jacks in Park, are the v.irioi:.< State and Foreign buildings of r.li,\;.-,;_.'~.ified_ architecture and representing an _expenditure of millions of dollars. No passing glimpse of the VVorld’s Fair, however, nor the most detailed and glow- ing description that can be penned, can give any idea of its surpassing size and extent. the splendid lfariiiony of its design, or of its rich artistic sculpture and decorative features. Nothing but frequent visits and carefulobservation can do it. But while every passing traveler will surely resolve upon this, he will also surely be thankful that he is journeying upon the MICHIGAN CENTRAL, the only Eastern line that gives him such a passing view, or that takes him directly by and in full view of Niagara Falls, the great natural wonder of the world, . I xxxxxxxx xxx COMPLETE MAN HOOD AND HOW TO ATTAIN IT. At Inst 3 medical work that tells the causes. l‘°"°.""‘.’fi.-.‘i.‘ii°“.°i.°"' "°‘.“3.".i‘.‘.‘.‘3l.l§"i‘.’.“hi.§.‘i‘i‘§ s so en 19 musical book hm‘ ap‘ 7: 5 '3 I I! N X -,,,, ,,,-,, alone. Address the publishers. DBYDNWE9 ERIE MEDICAL 60.. nurr.u.o.1¢. Y. E SUCCESSFUI ADIIERIISNGI If you wish to make and save money by adverti~iiig any thing, any ivliei-e,‘:it zinv time successfully at rcduccd rates, be sure to see or write. JOHN DAWSON & 00.. General Newspaper Advertising Agents. ll-20 (‘0LIi0l BLOCK. MINNEAPOLIS. DIIIS. isWEEDs..... Send for my Smci) AL- MANAO. The only book of the kind FREE. Novel- ties, and hundreds of fine seeds. Write now. H. E. TWEED, Rrrm-:1, 0. MAKE uiiuiav 9 While Ion Sleep. ISTAH '8 I I I I I 4 I I I FRUIT DRIER 5 j m I Evaporaees Fruit DAY I and NIGHT. CSIBIOSW the groinids. the ’l‘ran.~*port:iiiou building is . with the fruits of the genius, skill and liihor. Q00 9 ‘f_ o 0 °° ‘V ,()‘t) ..,.,.-..,§‘,l\ a 9 ' q)oG \‘-V, ‘. 0 o " 9 . recognized ni.-mufn mammoth u'is_n':a_v at t . 1 " '-in u , 'fii‘)‘?"\=' “V7; T ,a should order no 8 U G G I ES, "A”llII'.I " II'.I!iIl.\ 10.. Iiauliiili-, I. I". Wormy Fruit and I4. Cherries and Plums prevented; also Grape and Potato R0t—by spraying with :~‘mlil’s Double Acting Excelsior Spraying Outfits. Best in the market. Thoiisandsin use. (‘ataloguedescriblng an insects injurious to fruit, mailed Free. Address WM. STAHL. QUINCY. ILL. $l00.00FOIl $l.0Il I This is no green goods nor lottery scheme. but a rah business pl position, which we - out as follows To any person sulering from Plllis in an form . we offer the new discovery in medicine, :1 com med external and Internal treatment known as the PYRAMID PILE GIIIIE lmabsolutely certain cure for BLIKD. BLEEDING. I'l‘(‘lll!\(l Ind PBOTIIUDIIIG PILES. Gives INSTANT BELIEF. A PERIAIINI‘ ccuu: So harmless. it can be used by :1 child with perfect safer . and one package costing ONF DOLLAR WILL DO YOII 0 B IIIINDBIIII DOLLARS WORTH 0|-' H000. at least this is the honestly expressed opinion o: hundreds who have been cured by it in the past y- a: D0 MY!‘ ill!-‘I-‘li‘.B A DAY LONGER. but ask your drug -1 for it. or we will send it po.-ip.-aid for $1.00. or asinal. tx'i.B.lpackuge FR ‘ ‘ ' "n.-mimps_ ulsoavnluabie book telling all .1.»-nit lllll‘. sour fret-.. Aildross PYIIA ‘.1 I D (‘0., A LBION , MICE 13‘ RUMELYWI TRACTION AN D PORTABLE INGINES. Tliresliers and Horse Powers. 5 rite ior Illustrated Catalogue, mailed Free. M. RUMELY 60.. LA FORTE. IND. FLIN I‘ N Ultlll.-I L Clllililill IS AND BUSINESS INSTITUTE Is the place to Educate your Boys and Girls. Send for Year Book. In writing mention Tun GRANGE VISITOR. wiio HATCHEB. i,iAr§_ Can show better results - Over 60 in successful oiera- , . ._., . for new illusrrnreul UllEHl0l-1UU- ¢'57‘.~\4.l'-rass J_ ‘T! complishad, 228 chicks hutch- cil at one time, with n 2. ilcupaw city eliablelncubatpr. liun reds 0 f testimonials. EW"Inclosa 4 cents in SIEIIIIIIS tion at Decatur, Ills, ii one. Tho greatest hatch ever ao- Rnnunni»; INC‘L?BA’1‘DB 3. ii..i- .i.:. u..U mcir.::.:. In writing mention Tun GRANGE Yisrrou. CHICKEN-HATCHING BY STEAi-. , Bunp e.ea.sy otopei-ation,se f-rem. T lacing.re1mbl_e.iu.ll guaranteed. iaend ac. for illus. aialogue. G87. ..._'Ertel £5 00.. Mfrs. Quincy. Ill-U-S--‘L ‘ ’ Perfsct, in qvsry respect and reasonable i - , h P 1: y and Eggs ,4‘ rant: §=.i*..~i';**...:...i:..:.~......... II. M. SHEER J: BRO., Quincy, Ill- osososososons ramm For The Poultry Yard. Q I °“Y“£&3(”:t i I 5\&\\\\\\2s§ 2 MOS!‘ COMPLETE STOCK IN AMERICA. . P PRICES GUARANTEED THE LOWEST.-«Distance no obstacle: in equalize freighfs and chip cuarywhlrc. . Our Brands:-L. BIMHMA8. BUFF COCH/N8. PLYMOUTH D ROCKS. LANGSHANS and W. WY‘/IDOTTS. 3 Do You Want Our Catalogue P I t 2 60 pay". finely Illustrated. full of Information; It tells all; and for it to-day and MENTION THIS PAPER. . MICHIGAN POULTRY FARM,. . . Geo. J. Nlnly. Prop. BALINE. MIOH. §CQrO§vO%.§vC'§vO%O‘§vO‘§ YOUNG STOCK FOR SKLE. (I. ll. SWAIITIIOET, A. .ll., l’l'inci1i;il.i ,. Fa-v0i'ite Lines 4 to the Slimmer 3 Resorts ...- Northern lllicliigaii ’l‘l{A\'EI{SE CITY ELK RAPIDS 5 (‘-I—lARLE\'0I.\' '."E'l‘()SKI~IY BAY VIEVV _VI.~\(‘I{l.VA(3 ISLAND 'l‘I{.-\VI'ZI{SI*} BAY RESORTS and CHICAGO and WEST MICHIGAN RAILWAY DETROIT LANSING and NORTHERN RAILROAD" The West Michigan is now in opera- tion to Bay View, and is the {ONLY AIL RAIL LINE T0 GHARLEVDIX Through sleeping and parlor car ser- vice from Chicago, Detroit, Lansing and Grand Rapids to Petoskey and Bay View. THE SCENIC LINE Over forty miles of beautiful lake and river views north of Traverse City. Try it when you go north this summer FRANK TOWNSEND, Grn. Th-"H.ivr.N. Agent. Lansng Gen’l Pass’r Agt., Grand Rapids. Diamond Grysfal Sal'I' Fapecially recommended for use in butter intended for long keeping. Butter Salt in 14, 55, and 224 pound bags. Table Salt in 3 pound box. 29/2 5. and 10 pound pockets. Ask Your Grocer g A g_____ for if G. BYRON STONE iieolalist Vgterinaru. in _.;3_--‘‘ Surgeru Oliver, Eaton Co., Mich. I make a specialty of Castrating the Ridg- ling Horse. and Spaying the Kicking Mare. I Castrate Colts without the use of ropes, cords, clamps or fire irons. Spay all kinds of domestic animals, Capon Fowls; Dehorn Cattle, File Horses’ Teeth and I will go any distance provided a club of Esuliicient size is secured to pay me. I guarantee satis- faction in all cases as to charges. Write for circular. FOR SALE. In the famous fruit belt of Michigan, Oceaua county. Farm 200 acres. 180 cleared. two farm houses, three barns. two graiieries, two good wells, 200 apple trees bearing. 100 bearing plums, 800 plums one to three years out. No waste land, and all heavy grass. grain or plum and pear land. One and one-half miles from court house in Hart the county seat. Forty acre; fair house, good packing house Wind engine and good water. Four thousand trees planted from two to ten years. Peach, plum. apricot, apple and cherry. Sold 2,(XX} baskets peaches in 1892. One and one-half miles. from water transportation. Address. E. D. RICHMOND, HART, OOEANA Co.,Mma, Ffmssns or nonnnr surrrx & co.» LANSING, KICK. «: '5 .5 .;,_,¥. , ‘_,