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VOL. XIX, N0. 8.

THE COUNTY ROAD LAW.

An Abstract of Its Provisions.

Thinking that an abstract of the county
road law would be useful in discussing the
road question, we asked Hon. Wm. L.
Webber to make us such an abstract. He
also makes a few remarks concerning the
value of the law.

The new constitutional provision which
permits a county road system to be adopted,
ifthe people of any county desire it, was
adopted by the people of this state, and the
legislature passed an act to provide for a
county and township system of roads to be
in force in such counties within this state
as the people might desire.

An abstract of this act, showing the
course of proceedings to put itvin force, and
the operations under it, is as follows:

SECTION 1. Provides that the board of supervisors
may by a two-thirds vote of all the members of said
board elected, submit the question of adopting the
county system to all the electors in the manner pre-
scribed by the act. And gives the form of resolution
which should be adopted for that purpose, and au-
thorizes a special election to be held, at which the
people shall vote.

It will be observed that it requires a two-thirds
vote of all the members of said board elect to submit
this resolution—two-thirds of the members present
would not be suﬁicient unless the board was full.

SEC. 2. Provides that at least three weeks shall
intervene between the action of the board of super-
visors and the date of holding the election, and pre-
scribes the form of notice which shall be given, and
the manner in which the vote shall be taken.

SEC. 3. Requires the clerk to cause the notice to
be printed in the form of a handbill, to be posted and
published in newspapers, and provides for the print-
ing and distributing of ballots as in a general election;
the question to be stated in said ballots being “ Shall
the county road system be adopted by the county of
-__- .‘-__.i’ and immediately below and on a diﬂerent
line shall be the word “yes” and the word “ no.” So
that the voter can strike out such word as he does
not wish to vote.

SEC. 4. Provides that if on canvass of voters a
majority be in favor of the system then the county
road system shall be considered as adopted in said
county, and thereupon the provisions of this act and
all other acts relative to such system shall be and
become operative in said county.

SEC. 5. Provides that all elections under this act
may be held on the ﬁrst Monday of April, shall be
considered general elections, and shall be held in all
the cities, wards and townships except Wayne county,
and that the ballotsshall be prepared, distributed and
canvassed as in cases of general elections.

SEC. 6. Provides that when the county road sys-
tem shall have been adopted there shall be a board
of county commissioners elected by the people in
such county, and such board shall not exceed ﬁve in
number, and the board of supervisors shall determine
how many shall constitute the board. ’

Under this provision there shall be more than one
commissioner, as it has been held that a board cannot
consist of one person only. There cannot be more
than ﬁve; so the board of supervisors can make it
two, or three, or four, or ﬁve, as in their judgment
is thought best.

These commissioners may be elected at a general
election or a special election, as the board of super-
visors may order.

The term of office of each of these commissioners
will be ﬁxed by the board of supervisors so that one
will go out each year and his successor will be elected.

SEC. 7. Provides for the terms of oliice of the said
commissioners, according as the number may be.
more or less, so that there will be one each year to
go out of otlice.

SEC. 8. Provides for ﬁlling vacancies in the office
of commissioner by appointment of the board of
supervisors until the next election.

This section also authorizes the board of supervis-
ors to ﬁx the compensation of these commissioners,
except in Wayne county, where it is to be done by
the board of auditors.

SEC. 9. Says that a majority of the board of com-
missioners shall constitute a quorum; authorizes this
board to adopt rules and regulations for its own meet-
ings, and for the transaction of its business, and the
clerk of the county is to be clerk of said board of
county road commissioners, and shall keep their rec-
ords and preserve their ﬁles.

SEC. 10. Prohibits the clerk and every member of
the board from being interested directly or indirectly,
in any contract to be let. by the board, or any prop-
erty to be purchased or sold by the board, and requires
accurate accounts to be kept of all disbursements,
and authorizes the commissioners to employ superin-
tendents and engineers, and to purchase the proper
tools and material for their work.

SEC. IX. Authorizes the board of county road
commissioners to lay out new roads within the county,
and to change the width or the location or straight-
en the line of roads over which they may take juris-
diction; and authorizes private property to be taken
for road purposes if necessary, upon making com-
pensation therefor.

SECS. 12, 13, 14,, 15, and 16 provide for the con-
demnation of such private property and the method
of proceeding.

SEC. 17. Authorizes the boards of county road
commissioners of adjoining counties to unite in lay-
ing out a county line road if thought best.

SEC. :8. Provides that any road heretofore laid
out or any part thereof shall become a county road
if the board of county road commissioners shall at
any time determine; and in passing through, or on
the line between townships and incorporated villages,
any streets or parts of streets of such village may be
adopted as a county road, with the consent of the

 
“THE FARMER IS  MORE CONSEQUENCE THA 10

LANSING, MICHIQ

1 proper authorities of such village or villages.
quires a vote of such commissioners to be taken by

utes, and a notice of such determination to be given
to the highway commissioner of each township in
which such road may be situated, and also to be pub-
lished in some newspaper in the county for three
weeks. After such publication and notice it gives
the board of county road commissioners exclusive
jurisdiction over that road; and it is made the duty of
the board of commissioners to give the road a name,
by which it shall be known in their proceedings.

SEC. 19. Authorizes the board to grade, drain,
construct, gravel or macadamize or improve in any
other way as they may think best all county roads,
and gives them authority to construct bridges and
culverts, and maintain and repair such roads, culverts
and bridges on all county roads.

SEC. 20. Authorizes the board of county road
commissioners on or before the ﬁrst day of October
in each year, to determine the amount of taxes to be
raised for county road purposes. Such tax shall not
exceed two dollars on each one thousand dollars of
the assessed valuation, nor shall it in any case exceed
one dollar on each one thousand dollars of such
valuation without authority of board of supervisors
previously given to assess a greater sum; requires
the moneys to be collected and kept as a separate
fund, and applied exclusively for the purpose of im-
proving the roads.

SEC. 21. Prohibits the county road commission-
ers from contracting any indebtedness; and makes
the county liable for damages that may accrue for its
neglect to keep the roads in proper repair, the same
as townships, cities and villages are made liable in
that regard.

SEC. 22. Authorizes the board of supervisors, by
a two-thirds vote, to submit the question to the peo-
ple as to whether bonds shall be issued for the con-
struction and maintenance of roads.

SEC. 23. All roads and bridges in townships will
remain under the care and control of the township
except such as the board of county road commission-
ers shall have declared to be county roads.

SEC. 24. Provides that in all cases where the
county road system is not adopted, the township
system, as heretofore in vogue, shall continue in force.

It will be observed that if the county
system .vri.l'. . Jzafnblrr
according to t eir assessment rol s, for the
making and maintenance of all county
roads within the county, the same propor-
tion as the property in the township shall
P33’-

There is no provision in the law to auth-
orize special assessments upon property
specially beneﬁted. The board of county
road commissioners would have authority
to make so many of the principal roads
within the county into county roads, and
the beneﬁts to accrue to the different sec-
tions of the county would be thereby
equalized.

One of the greatest, and, perhaps the
greatest advantage which the friends of the
county system have claimed for it, arises
from the fact that it has been demonstrated
by many years of experience that the mak-
ing and repairing of highways is a matter
of skill and calls for skilled labor as much
as the making and repairing of railroads;
and the friends of the county road system
claim that the expenditure of the money
under the control of the county road com-
missioners, who, it is presumed, will em-
ploy competent engineers to assume the
direction and charge of the work, will give
more than double the advantage and bene-
ﬁt to the people than could be given by
the same money expended by the several
overseers of highways, and in detached
parcels throughout the county. Another
advantage is that the outlying township
can always procure a good road to the
county seat through any other township
which it may be necessary to cross. Under
the township system the outlying township
has no means of compelling good roads in
a township which the people are obliged
to cross to reach the county seat. The
county road system will overcome this diﬁ-
culty.

It will be observed that the act leaves
the board of commissioners at liberty to
maintain these county roads as earth roads
or to improve them in any other manner
which its means and its judgment may
deem wisest, but these county roads are all
to be kept safe and ﬁt for travel so as to
protect the county against liability for ac-
cidents.

In some counties it has been heretofore
a large expense to some townships to make
and maintain bridges across the several
streams; under the county road system the
county at lar e can take charge of the con-
struction an maintenance of all those
bridges, ensuring a cheaper and better
construction and maintenance, and distrib-
uting the expense thereof over the whole
county instead of having it home by the
township in which the bridge may be con-

  
It re-

 
yeas and nays to be entered at large upon their min- A

  
, APRIL 19, 1894.

  
PURE F001).

  
The Grange was instrumental in the last
gislature, in aiding pure food iegislation.
his legislation merely took the form of
-_'.-:'?l‘OVldlDg for a dairy and food commis-
moner. So it may be of interest and proﬁt
3 Patrons if we mention the leading pro-
MV18i0I]B of the existing laws on this subject,
in this state.

., A law passed in 1873 prohibits the sale of
Latered and skimmed milk, or milk from
_ 3 hich the “ strippings” have been held
:3 ck; milk from cows fed on the refuse of
distilleries or breweries, or from any dis-
rinsed animal; and the use of any delete-
, us substance in the manufacture of
 , eese or butter. The penalty is a ﬁne of
 $10 to $100, or 90 days in jail.
‘"31 In 1881 there was framed a statute
 inst frauds in the sale of butter. Any
i_ , e who offered for sale any oleomargarine
butterine, or any “ substance in sem-
_ nce of butter not the legitimate product
the dairy, and not made exclusively of
ilk and cream,” must offer the same in
kages plainly labeled with the proper
‘me of the product, and must also fur-
 h the purchaserwith a label also bearing
.. e name of the product. Penalty, $10 to
 ﬁne, with costs, or 5 to 30 days in jail,
I both ﬁne and imprisonment.

._,Section 9316 of Howell provides against
 sale of unwholesome products and the
t section states: “ If any person shall
udulently adulterate, for the purpose of
, any substance intended for food, or
. . , wine, spirits, malt liquor, or’ other
*5’-'~i.‘,vb c:,..iafendsd..fQ  he Shell _ be
punish by imprisonment in the county
jail not more than one year, or by ﬁne not
exceeding three hundred dollars, and the
article so adulterated shall be forfeited and
destroyed.”

Another law passed in 1881 provides that
when any person shall mix, color, stain, or
powder any article of food, drink, or med-
icine, with any other ingredient or material;
“he must properly label the same ’with
name and ingredients.” The same act pro-
hibits the mixing of glucose, grape sugar,
or oleomargarine with any article of human
food, or its sale, unless properly labeled;
also designates the prosecuting attorneys
to appear for the people. The penalty is
not over $50 ﬁne, or not exceeding three
months in jail.

In 1885 there was enacted a law provid-
ing against the sale of compounded or
manufactured honey, not so labeled, with a
ﬁne of $10 to $25 for the ﬁrst offense, and
for subsequent violations a ﬁne of $25 to
$50, less than three months in jail or
both.

An act of 1887 covers the sale and use of
of oleomargarine. Any one selling it as
butter commits a misdemeanor and is lia-
ble to a ﬁne of from $25 to $200, or by im-
prisonment in jail or in the state house of
correction 90 days to one year, or both.
Any hotel or eating house using oleomar-
garine or butterine as butter comes under
the same penalty. The presence of the
false butter is prima facie evidence of vio-
lation. To escape the provisions of the
law, the proprietors of stores and eating
houses selling or using butterine must dis-
play a. plain sign, “ oleomargarine or but-
terine sold or used here.”

Various laws passed in 1886 and subse-
quently, provide against the sale of un-
wholesome, watered, adulterated, or impure
milk. The addition of water or ice is made
an adulteration. Milk must have 12.50 per
cent of milk solids, 3 per cent of fat, and
a speciﬁc gravity at 60° of 1.029 to 1.033,
or it will be deemed adulterated. Skimmed
milk will be considered as adulterated, if
not possessing a speciﬁc gravity of 1.032_to
1.037. It provides for the testing of milk
by inspectors, and a test showing adultera-
tion is prima facie evidence of violation.
Severe penalties are provided.

A law of 1889 prohibits the manufacture
and sale of adulterated vinegar. Pure
vinegar must have no artiﬁcial coloring
matter, must have 4% of acetic acid, and
1} per cent of cider vinegar solids. Adul-
terated vinegar must not be sold or exposed
for sale. Cider vinegar or fruit vinegar
must be so branded on the cask containing
it. The violation of this law is a misde-

   
structed.‘

meanor and may be punished by a ﬁne of

..l

E FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.”

.-

      
WHOLE N0. 440.

not less than $50, or more than $100 and
costs, or by 90 days in jail.

The legislature of 1893 provided against
the adulteration of maple sugar and syrup.
When common sugar, beet sugar, or glucose
is used, the article must be so labeled. Any
one selling the same is liable to a ﬁne of
not less than $50 and the manufacturer may
be ﬁned from $500 to $1,000.

By a law of 1893 there was also created
the oflice of dairy and food commissioner‘
His salary is $1,200 per year and neces-
sary traveling expenses. The professor of
chemistry at the Agricultural College is
made state analyst. But not more than
$1,000 a year can be spent for analyses and
clerk hire. It is the duty of the commis-
sioner

“ to carefully inquire into the quality of the dairy
and food and drink products and the several articles
which are the necessary constituents of foods which
are offered for sale in this state, and when he has
reason to believe that any such articles, foods or
products are adulterated, impure or unwholesome,
he shall procure samples of the same and direct the
state analyst to make due and careful examination
of the same and report his ﬁnding thereon. If it
shall appear from such report that the article, food,
food and drink product, or dairy product, is adulter-
ated, impure or unwholesome, in contravention of the
statutes relative thereto, it shall be the duty of the
commissioner to make complaint against the manu-
facturer or vender thereof, in the proper county, and
furnish the prosecuting attorney with the evidence
thereon to obtain a conviction for the offense charged.

“ It is the duty of prosecuting attorneys to prose-
cute to completion all suits brought by the dairy and
food commissioner under the several statutes rela-
tive to the adulteration of food, and the sale of im-
pure or unwholesome food or food products.”

The commissioner says in his report:
"Having deemed it best to begin the work of in-

vestigation first with the manufacturers of adulter-'

ated food products, I experienced some difficulty in

,.‘1;€ri,»’f(ii‘g:spei:fnicirs‘t-Sr ana';.vsis,"wmcn cmrm r'e':'.*t--’:-

nitely traced to their sources. Manufacturers of
such products are unwilling to admit strangers to
their places of business and the commissioner is
armed with no authority of law to demand entrance.
But almost invariably the samples secured, as will be
seen by the report of the state analyst hereto at-
tached, have proved to be what they were suspected
of being—unﬁt compounds to be taken into the
human stomach. The results shown by the work of
the state analyst, under the direction of this depart-
ment, have already justiﬁed the creation of the oﬁice
of dairy and food commissioner, and have demon-
strated the necessity of more thorough and energetic
work than can be accomplished under the laws of the
state as they now exist.

“ No prosecutions for the violation of the laws were
begun during last year. I felt it to be the best policy
to call the attention of the people to the evils of food
adulteration and to awaken, so far as possible, a
strong sentiment in favor of the enforcement of the
laws which had been allowed to slumber so long,
before resorting to the harsher measures of prosecu-
tion. Deeming the manufacturer as primarily the
most guilty party, since he always knows the unlaw-
ful composition of his products while the dealer may
sell them innocently, and knowing that any attack
made upon him. would be vigorously resisted, I
wished to have the matter of proof well in hand
before making any complaints. One p1‘0S€CUtI0n
improvidently begun and abandoned or lost would
do more harm than a little delay. This department
must not be defeated in- its ﬁrst attempts. To lose
some cases after the department is well established
and has won the conﬁdence of the people for prudence
and effective work will do no harm, but to suffer an
ignominious defeat at the outset would be disastrous.”

The chief recommendations of the com-
missioner are-—

1. A system, not complex or expensive,
of factory inspection; the idea being_to pre-
vent adulterations. This would require dis-
trict inspectors. It is argued that this
inspection would be particularly valuable
in cheese factories, as cheese that has been
inspected and properly branded will ﬁnd
readier sale.

2. The commissioner should be given the
right to take samples wherever found.

3. Also the right to seize and conﬁs-
cate adulterated products. The legislature
should establish standards of purity and
any product falling below the standard
should be a fraud.

4. The analyst’s certiﬁcate should be
made prima facie evidence in court.

Members of the Grange sometimes for-
get the obligation they have taken and lose
sight of the fraternit of the Order in their
dealings with and relation to other mem-
bers, and it is not strange that this should
be so, but members should think twice be-
fore they speak or act in a hasty manner,
and remember the golden rule which is
especially applicable under such conditions.
—Grange Homes.

The sire or dam of a herd can not do
everything towards proﬁtable swine breed-
mg.

  
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ran ems   vasITon.

APRIL 19, 1894.

Field and Stock.

POTATOES AS A SPECIALTY.

 
H. P. GLADDEN.

Farmers as a class are conservative; they
are slow to change opinions. Viewed from
a political standpoint it is well that this is
so. Many a scheme of the politician has
failed because it could not secure the sup-
port of the farmers. Does not this same
spirit of conservatism, valuable as it may
be in state and national aﬂ’airs, act to pre-
vent the farmer adopting new methods in
agriculture? The large proportion of
farmers are content to do as their fathers
have done before them—-try to do a little in
every branch of farming. They plant a
few acres of wheat, oats, corn, potatoes.
They raise a few vegetables for market, set
out a few fruit trees. They raise some of
each kind of stock, make a little butter, and
sell a few eggs.

Is the farmer, by following in the foot-
steps of his father, making the most of his
opportunities? Has he kept abreast of the
merchant and the manufacturer in adapt-
ing himself as best he could to the changed
conditions? Cheap and rapid transporta-
tion facilities have made it impossible for
some farmers to raise certain crops in com-
petition with those whose farms are much
better suited to those crops. Also, compe-
tition has become so strong and the margin
of proﬁt so close, that a farmer can no
longer afford to spread himself over so
many branches. The average farmer has
not enough brains and executive ability to
be successful in all lines of farming. Have
enough general work to keep yourself and
teams well employed throughout the year;
then select some special crop to which the
farm, location, and your own abilities are
best adapted, and to this crop give your
best study and energy.

At present there seems to be an unusual
interest in many sections of the country on
the potato question. The low prices of
grain crops have caused the farmer to turn
his attention to something else. The price
of potatoes for several seasons past has
been high enough for the grower to realize
a fair proﬁt for his labor. Many farmers
are considering the advisability of increas-
ing their potato acreage.

WILL POTATO RAISING BE OVERDONE?

Before undertaking a specialty there
should be a preparatory period. All the in-
formation obtainable on the subject should
be had. The capabilities of the farm and
how to get it ready for the required cr p.
should receive much attention. The sp c-
ialty should not be dropped until a thor-
ough trial for a number of years has shown
it to be unproﬁtable. Ninety-nine out of
a hundred who will increase their potato
acreage will not give the crop the care and
attention necessary for proﬁtable results.
They will engage in the work temporarily,
and the ﬁrst failure to meet expectations
will cause them to turn their attention to
something else.

For one who will study well the subject
and who has a farm adapted to the crop,
the growing of potatoes is an inviting spec-
ialty. The soil shouldbe such as can read-
ily be made loose and ﬁne, and one that
will admit of deep plowing. It should not
be too light to hold moisture and fertilizing
elements. To increase the potato crop will
not call for a radical change in the system
of farm management.

Perhaps there is no crop that pays so
well for thoroughness in working it or will
show the effect of neglect sooner than
potatoes. This is one good reason for
making it a specialty. The importance of
having good seed cannot be overestimated.
This point would receive proper attention
by the specialist. By growing a large

acreage of potatoes the capabilities of the
farm and the farmer can be concentrated.
The grower can give the attention when
needed, and can have all the tools necessary
to the best culture and harvesting of the
crop, and will produce at a good proﬁt
where the ordinary grower will make little

or nothing.
Agricultural College.

 
FARMERS’ A()COUNTS.

M. T. COLE.

Perhaps there is no branch of farm econ-
omy so much neglected as the matter of
keeping accounts. It hardly seems possi-
ble, and yet very many farmers keep no
account at all except in their head——as they
term it. The head may be all right, but
it is not a trusty place to keep accounts,
hardly over night. Some keep no book
account, but trust to slips of paper. Often
the home has to be searched to ﬁnd these
same slips of paper. In too many cases
they are not found at all and then trouble
is liable to follow.

Can we hope to call ourselves business
men while we are so negligent in this mat-
ter of keeping accounts? I often use this
argument to prove that farming pays:
What other business could be conducted
so carelessly with so few failures?

When I commenced farming I com-
menced keeping an account of all sales

the way through. Also a memorandum of
time of planting, harvesting, and other
notes of importance, such as exceptional
weather, late frosts in spring, and early
frosts in the fall. Many times when the
season is either too wet or too dry, too cold
or too warm, it seems to take out the wrink-
les to look back and ﬁnd that other years
have been as bad if not worse. If prices
are very low I look back and ﬁnd that
other years have had low prices. I must
confess, however, that I have looked in
vain to ﬁnd any similar record of prices on
wheat, wool, and horses. Maybe some of
our old timers could give us some pointers,
but I can’t.

For individual accounts I keep an in- .
dexed journal so they can readily be found.
If I am from home my wife or other mem-
bers of the family can attend to any busi-
ness, very often just as well as when I am
at home.

All accounts with hired help for past
years have been preserved. They may
never be referred to, and yet they might
prove of much importance.

The Grange should teach with emphasis
this question of keeping farm accounts.
Oﬂicers of the Grange should set the ex-
ample by always keeping their Grange ac-
counts in perfect order. Nothing injures
a Grange so much as to have their officers
keep uncertain accounts.

Perhaps the boys and girls would be
more willing to stay on the farm if the
business was conducted more systemati-

cally.
Palmyra.

Farm Accounts.

In response to the following questions
sent to a number of farmers we have letters
that will give a fair idea of the prevalence
of the practice of keeping farm accounts.
The questions were: 1. Do you keep farm
accounts? 2. If so, to what extent? 3. Is
it satisfactory? 4. If you do not keep them,
why not?

WM. BALL, HAMBURG: At certain times
I have kept farm accounts, but as a rule
have not; the reason being indifference
or carelessness, induced probably by too
much work in other directions. In an-
swering your questions you oblige me
to expose methods not to be recommended.
It would be well for farmers to keep
strict account of their receipts and ex-
penditures as a preventive to extravagance
as well as correct business methods.
One reason for neglect of this important,

to the fact that the farmer does not
have to rely upon book accounts for his
purchases and sales as do men in other
business, useful though it may be.

F. HART SMITH, SOMERSET: In answer
to your questionsI would say: 1. Not as a
rule. 2. Occasionally of some particular
crop; or the ﬁtting of a lot of cattle,
sheep, or hogs for market. 3. It depends
onwhich side the sheet the balance ﬁgures
come. 4. Indolence or want of time. I
think the former the most correct answer.

H. H. Dasssaa, LITGHFIELD: In reply
to yours: 1. I keep book accounts of re-
ceipts and expenses. 2. To the extent of
where the money comes from and what be-
comes of the same. 3. Yes, quite. Could
not get along without it. It would be much
more satisfactory to know what each crop
costs to raise. I have never kept account
with any crop but corn one year. I found
that my corn cost me 14 cents per bushel
of ears that year.

C. S. KING, THORNTON: 1. I do keep
farm accounts and have for about 25 years.
2. I book everything sold, the article, and
to whom sold. I book everything in the
shape of expense, mentioning every article,
where bought, always explaining what the
money went for. always giving dates. 3.
No, not exactly satisfactory and yet it does
very well. This plan tells me at the end
of the year very near how I stand with my
business. What I leave out is this, I do
not weigh out the ﬂour and butter, and
measure the milk and cream used in the

toes very closely, and then some ruit,
garden sauce, and such like, I do not put
on the book. To make the bookkeeping com-
plete, all such things should come in the
account. This makes‘ considerably more
work. The plan which I have adopted I

year my accounts are all balanced and I

lately. This I thin a good plan.

M. W. SooTT, HESPERIA:

feature in farm economy is due, I thi‘ri~k",“"a“.1d business accounts.

family. I know about the pork and pota- -

think does quite well. At the close of the

know very nearly how I stand, and every-
thing is so arranged on my book thatI can
tell at a glance what I have paid out for
farm help, for machinery, and for sugar,
tea, coﬁee, dry goods, etc., and also how
much it has cost me per bushel to raise
wheat, potatoes, oats; and I usually take an
inventory at the beginning of every year,

1. I do, but
have often found it a diﬂicult matter to
keep a debit and credit account with the
farm, and also with the several ﬁelds and

‘ work,”——such as the cost of fertilizers,
clover and manure, the “ wear and
tear” of tools, machinery, etc. 2. A
“general account” of all crops, farm re-
ceipts, expenditures and balances. Also
a “journal” of general farm matters, in-
cluding weather, dates of seeding, cultiva-
tion and harvesting, product and average
yield per acre, and cash results, weight of
stock, age and price when sold, etc. 3. In
some respects it is. But for the last 20
years under a constantly falling “ gold
standard” prices, I have found it necessary
to be very careful in making the ﬁgures or
the balance would be sure to be against me.
This you know is never satisfactory. With
the wheat crop the balance is not only not
satisfactory, but it fairly frightens me. I
think I might safely put the wool crop on
the same list. Perhaps some of my brother
farmers may be able to help me out in mak-
ing the ﬁgures? However I would never
try to farm it Without keeping farm ac-
counts.

We have below some very brief replies
that will nevertheless aid in showing what
the practice is. In a few cases the corre-
spondents did not sign their names, but we
think we have made no error in attributing
replies to the proper ones.

Jas. TAYLOR, HOLLY: I have kept ac-
counts to the extent of everything bought
and sold and have found it works well.

If farmers would accustom themselves
to keeping accounts of their expenses they
might be better prepared to meet hard
times.

JACKSON VOORHEIS, HOLLY: I keep ac-
count of articles bought and sold. It is
satisfactory and every farmer should keep
a strict account. Then he w_ill know the
proﬁt and loss, and will be better prepared
to plan for his interest the coming year.

JOHN MCKAY, ROMEO: The only ac-
count that I keep is a cash account of my
whole receipts and disbursements. Then
I know in a general way at the end of the
year how much I have made or lost.

OMAR D. DiLLs,—l)EW1TT: I keep farm
accounts to the full extent and think it

pays.
PERRY MAYO, BATTLE CREEK: I used to

keep farm accounts, complete in all details,
but do not now. It was too much trouble.

E. S. BURNETT, BANCBOFT: I keep cash
Satisfactory.

'v

A. D. SAXTON, EATON RAPIDS: I keep
accounts of all receipts and expenditures,
but not with each crop. This system is
better than no system, in my opinion, but
this year I expect to keep account with each
crop.

JOHN LESSITER, COLE: I keep partial
accounts; all sales from the farm, all pur-
chases, and amounts paid for labor. The
accounts are all right enough, but at the
present time are not ﬁnancially proﬁtable
or very entertaining.

BARNARD PARISH, FLAT ROCK: Keep
quite complete accounts, and would not do
differently.

 
SWINE NOTES.

A. H. WARaaN.

Proper feeding and care of a young sow
with her ﬁrst litter is an important factor
as regards her future usefulness as a
breeder.

The different breeds and the purposes
for which they are bred enables any farmer
to select a breed that will meet his wants.
Any of the improved breeds can be made,
more proﬁtable than scrubs.

When the pigs begin to follow the sow
around in the lot, increase her feed until
she gets all she will eat up clean, three
times a day.

Look closely after the farrowing sow and
little pigs, for now is the critical period,
and cuts quite a ﬁgure for either proﬁt or

loss.

 
If you raise or buy feed for your hogs,
don’t try and see how long you can make
it last. Feed the pigs regularly all they
will eat up clean. No man ever grew proﬁt-
able pork who fed sparingly, as there is no
proﬁt in stinting the feed now in order to
have a supply later.

If I ﬁnd the pigs show signs of scours,
I change the feed of the dam. If rich food
has been fed, change to pure water and
oats for a few feeds. At the same time
keep the bedding clean and dry, always
using wheat straw when it can be had; the
the use of oat straw as bedding should al-
wa s be avoided as it draws moisture, and
is believe injurious to pigs.

 
When I ﬁnd that the pigs show indications

the dam, and compel the little fellows to
take exercise at least twice a day, as it is
indi estion and being over fat, caused by
too %ittle exercise and too strong feeds.
But should this disease get a thorough hold
on the pig, the best and surest way to ef-
fegt at} cure is with a club.
‘U1 .

BETTER THAN WHEAT RAISING.

 
WM. A. OLDS.

Roma’ Com-‘oar FARM, W
Ajrril 12, 1894.

I will write brieﬂy of my own experience
as proprietor, gardener, and salesman of my
small business. For a few years past I
have thought there was something more
suited to my taste than raising wheat and
peddling hay. But as there are but few of us
who can afford to follow a business simply
because we like it, our efforts must bring
us material returns. That is the reason
why I was so long thinking of the matter
before I ventured.

In the year of 1891 I purchased four
acres of land, one acre of which could be
worked, the rest were covered with cattails
and bullrushes, and a portion was covered
with Water sometimes three feet deep.
With a money expense of $50, and some
hard work, the land was drained, plowed
twice that year, and planted to potatoes and
turnips. In the spring of 1893 I began
gardening. Nearly every one who knew
what I was at became interested. Any
amount of advice and criticism I received
from the passers by; but I worked away at
the garden. N ow I will give you the re-
sults, also a chance for any of your readers
to ask questions.

GARDEN .~\CCOL'.\'T, DR.

   
Interest on $150, cost of 3 acres of land _ _ . _ _ _ _ , _ _ , __ $9 oo
Taxes and fence repairs . _ _ . _ . _ . _ _ . . _ _ . _ , _ . _ _ _ . , _ _ _ _, 2 oo
Mzmurc.._...._..._-_._.__.____,_._____ _ 509
V\'e.1r on tools_____ 2 oo
ee ___________ __

Irisecticides__.. _ , _ _ 3 
Advertising _ _ _ . _ . _ . _ _ , _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ , _ , _ _ _ _ . , _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ __ 3 03
Use of market wagon, measures, and baskets . . . . . _ . 5 00
Labor, $1.00 for man, $2.50 for team . _ _ _ _ _ , , , , _ _ _ _ __ g7 06

$130 26

GARDEN ACCOUNT, CR.

Green onions _ _ , _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ . _ , _ _ _ _ , _ _ 00

Potatoes _ _ . _ . _ __ $5; 52

Sweet corn . _ , . _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ 39 04

Corn stalks _ _ , , , _ _ _ __ 4 0°

Cabbage plants. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ __ 4 75

Squashes _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ 54
Cabbage. . . . _ § 50
Onions . . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 0°

Onion sets  , _ _ _ , , , . _ V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ S 00

Tree onion sets _ . _ , __ (,3 0,

Ruta bagas" _ _ _ _ , _ _ __ E335

Ca“'°t,5 ~ — - - - . . . . . . . .. 42 oo

P“-"5',“P5~--- - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . .. 20 oo

Turni beets _ _ . _ _ _ _ A _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , _ _ _ _ A _ _ H ,3 24

Strawlierry bed _ , , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ A __ _ 7 _ 5 00

f§°C“”l’t»" - - - - - - — - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - - . - - . - - . . . . . . . _ . . . . . $300 0:,

ExPe"5°5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130 26

  
Receipts per acre _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ A _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Expense per acre .................................. ._ 43 42
Net proﬁt var acre ................................. .. $56 ,9

Or as the team work was paid for in hand
labor at $1.00 per day, the amount of my
work and the net proﬁt divided by the
number of days gives me $2.75 per day for
my time. Let me say that I have only just
begun, and think a net proﬁt of $100 per
acre is possible. This year I will add two
acres to my garden and have a forcing
house 12x26 feet for starting plants.

01-emus.

THE GRANGE

Invites every farmer, his wife, sons and
daughters to become members and workers.

It offers you the most practical advanta-
gggestfor a broader and more useful ﬁeld
o ac ion.

It is to day the only farmers’ organization
that has preserved its national character.

It has demonstrated its ability to live for
nearly 30 years, and is stronger toda in
inﬂuence and good works than ever be ore.

By its conservative course it commands
the respect of all classes.

It is e nipped with all of the essentials
for comp ete concentration of forces, com-
mencing with the local Grange, then to
the county, state, and national.

It is a complete success for social and
mental improvement. '

It furnishes unexcelled opportunities for
parliamentary practice and the discussion
of questions relative to home and farm.

Through it farmers may inﬂuence favor-
able legislation and set right many of the
evils of which they complain.

Through it farmers may co-operate for
ﬁnancial advantages in many ways.

The ﬁnancial expense of the Grange is
reduced to a minimum.

The treasury of the Grange, from sub-
ordinate to national, is in a sound and
substantial condition; and is ample to pay
the expenses of all meetings, and such sums
as seem iﬁcessary for purposes of interest
to agricu ure.

The Grange is a good and useful organ-
ization.

It has passed safely over the rocks upon
Erhicl} most otlher farmers’ organizations

ave oun ere .

There should be a Grange in every coun-
try community, and supported by the best
farmers as willingly as they do their
churches and schools.

Will you, as a progressive, thinking
farmer, take an active part with your

ment? .
Ga-o. B. HORTON.

and expenditures and have so continued all

 
.-.»s-.. «.—..v.....-«. --.-wt»...-..-zu— 

their respective crops; so much of it of
necessity being “estimates” and “guess

of thumps, I give a more laxative food to

Master of State Grange.

neighbors and join us in the Grange move-

 
APRIL 19,1894. ' .

ran conanen. vrsltron.

 
Woman’s Work.

BEHY

SWEETHEART.

[The ﬁrst love-song ever written by Mr. Field.]

Sweetheart, be my sweetheart
When birds are on the wing,

When bee and bud and babbling ﬂood
Bespeak the birth of spring;

Come, sweetheart, be my sweetheart
And wear this posy-ring!

Sweetheart, be my sweetheart
In the mellow golden glow

Of earth aﬂush with the gracious blush
Which the ripening ﬁelds foreshow;

Dear sweetheart, be my sweetheart.
As into the moon we go!

Sweetheart, be my sweetheart
When falls the bounteous year,

When fruit and wine of tree and vine
Give us their harvest cheer;

Oh, sweetheart, be my sweetheart,
For winter it draweth near.

Sweetheart, be my sweetheart
When the year is white and old,
\Vhen the ﬁre of youth is spent, forsooth,
And the hand of age is cold:
Yet, sweetheart, be my sweetheart
Till the year of our love be told!—

Eugene Field in I/ze Illarc/1 Ladies’ Harrie yaurual.

MICHIGAN.

[Written by Mrs. Rose Hartwick Thor c, author of “ Cur-
few Shall Not Ring Tonight,” and read her at the Mich-
igan day exercises at the Midwinter Fair, Sim Francisco.]

With face looking full in the face of the sun,

With breath of the pines, and the lilac new blown,
Our Michigan sits like a queen on the throne,
Where true worth has placed her. Her laurels all won
By patient endeavor through wearisome years;

By slow, but sure progress; hope conquering fears.

No indolent child of the tropics is she,
But strong as the north winds that sweep o’er her
breast,

She garners new strength through ambitious unrest.
With muscles ﬁrm-fashioned, heart loyal and free,
She sits in her daisy-decked mantle of state,

A sea at her eastern and wester’most gate.

Where Pontiac fought for his people’s birthright,
Grand forests have bowed, mighty waters been
spanned;

The elk, beaver, and deer deserted the land

When civilization advanced in her might.

The wigwam has vanished, and temples of art,

Like blossoms, have grown out of Michigan’s heart.

Long past are her venturesome days of romance;
Her cowslip grown marshes are meadows of grain;
Her orchards are countless on hillside and plain.
From log hut to mansion her dwellings advance,
With churches magniﬁcent, schools at the van;
Abreast of the times is our own Michigan.

To the needs of the world she opens her breast,

At the call she yields the rich ore of her mines.

She has wealth in factories, orchards, and pines;

In manifold blessings, abundantly blest,
Successively crowned with snow-garlands and ﬂow-

ers,
What state can excel her, this mother of ours?

We have come to the land where the sun goes down,
Where a continent bends to th’ kiss of the sea;
Where winters are verdant and summers are brown;
We bask in its sunshine, but loyal are we

To Michigan, home of our childhood afar,

All honor to her for the best that we are.

WOMAN’S WORK.

It is designed that each of the graces
that presides over our Grange meetings
shall have one meeting of her own this
coming year; when all the arranging, plan-
ning, and providing may be their work. If
it pleases you Patrons, we would like that
the Floras of each Grange shall have
charge of the May day meeting, the ﬁrst
meeting you hold in May.

It is too early for very many 'ﬁowers, but
a few house plants and what ﬂowers are
available may serve to brighten and adorn
the Master’s table as also the table in front
of Flora.

We know of one good matron, intent
upon doing all the good she can, to every-
body she can, who brought to one Grange
meeting at least three quarts of hyacinth
bulbs at an autumn meeting; and that one
kind distribution of roots spread fragrance
and delight over a wide area of country
and brightened many front yards. Would
it not be a good plan at this May meeting
to bring our extra garden and ﬂower seeds
that we may not need, and exchange them
or give them to our neighbor? And any
extra variety of seed corn or potatoes that
we have to spare, let it be on exhibition
and sale if any one wants it.

Let our Granges stand for a mutual
beneﬁt society, and by sharing of our best
in seeds, plants, and roots, we may thereby
enhance the beauty and comfort of our
homes.

PROGRAM FOR MAY DAY MEETING.

Ma , and some of the old time customs of the
month.
Flowers in front yards or vegetable gardens,
which?
Care of the farmer’s lawn.
“ The May Queen”-—Tennyson—-Recitation.
How I intend to care for my corn ﬁelds.

MARY A. MAYO.

LEAVES FRO]! OLD OAKS.

OLD Ours FARM.
April 16.——Some things properly belong
to ApriL For example, “setting hens.”
Their ﬁtness lies in the contrast of ﬁckle-
ness, inconstancy, and unrest on the part
of the weather, and the persistent persist-
ence and stolid obdurateness on the part
of the hen. We are experiencing some
ex rience with both, these days.
nsatiable progress indicates that the
hen that wishes to hatch and train her own
chicks after simply hen notions, must go

into the background with the sickle and
cradle, the ﬁre-place and the dasher churn.
Incubators, brooders, and chicken stand-
ar ” are bound to rob poultry raising of
its picturesque and poetic features. A
common-place egg producing hen is prose.
It is not until she is a fussy, ﬁdgity, fluffy
round of motherly anxiety and industry,with
a dozen or so fuzzy satellites circling about
her, that one’s thought of her breaks into
rhythmic motion and all the ﬁnest feelings
for perfect domesticity are stired. We still
have some of these relics of pioneer life
adorning our back yard. Neighbors may
reap the proﬁt, but we go on with the
pleasure and poetry of the business.

What variety of form and feathering is
banished from the door yard since farm
fashion decreed that each ﬂock ought
to show some distinct lineage. It matters
not ifit is Hamburg or Houdan, Langshan
or Leghorn, Cochin or Brahma, Plymouth
Rock or Wyandotte, so it is not all in one.
Flocks in “ assorted colors ” are out of date;
instead they must be as monotonous compar-
ed to their former glory, as a modern lawn is
beside an old fashioned ﬂower bed. Where
is the “ red chanticleer ” of poetry, and
where the ringed, streaked, and speckled
hen of past memory?

But nature, be it in human or hen, is
everywhere much the same. My conclusions
came from watching the hens today. I had
in mind how thousands of New York wom-
en are going on with their house cleaning,
letting down of little gingham dresses and
patching knickerbockers, while a ;hand-
ful of their number are going up and
down the state insisting that they all want
the ballot and must have it. There is nev-
er a protest from the mass, and pretty soon
the thing will be forced upon them. I saw
a busy yellow hen making the grit ﬂy for
twenty prospective broilers, knowing noth-
ing but to stop their ravenous bills, and to
hover and cuddle and “ curr-r—r ” to them
between feeds and I thought, “ How like! ”

What cares the yellow hen for egg ma-
chines and hot water brooders? Not a
whit! And yet they are on her track. She
mu st succumb. Yes, my yellow “Primrose,”
I fear your indifference amounts to acqui-
escence! I watched her desperate activity,
her strain of nerve and muscle, the scatter-
ing sand after the quick dash of her beak,
her total oblivion to the “larger, higher
world about her,” even content that her
liege consort should step superbly by in
his dapper, glossy coat and leave the mo-
notony of scratching to her. How all her
frenzied fears for her babies’ safety, her
frantic scrabbling for their worms are as
nothing compared to their welfare under
machine mothering when it comes to 5‘
score of lucre. Verily that is the root of
all evil when it thus discounts domestic
instincts.

Like hen, like women!
even like ,

“ The man who said ‘ Fools! ’

And opposed reforms, railroads and schools;

He stood in the way,

But the train did not stay,

It ran over the man who said ‘ Fools!’ ”

Some women do not even take interest
enough to “call names,” but their fate is
likely to be the same as if they each one
separately cried “Fools.” They should
band together and raise a chorus of “ Fools.”
The truth is, I suspect, that the touchstone
of organization has not been appliedto some
women any more than to any hens, and the
inroads on domestic life, as they cherish it,
do go on. RUTH L. RESTLY.

They are not

FAITHFULNESS TO DUTY.

(Read at Hillsdale Pomona by Miss Lucy Conklin.)

In whatever occupation of life we may
engage our ultimate success depends al-
most entirely upon our ﬁdelity and adher-
ence to the duties which it imposes. “Life
is no speculative adventure with those who
feel its value; on the other hand, it has a
deeper purpose, and its path becomes dis-
tinct and easy in proportion as it is earnest-
ly and faithfully pursued.”

As in the occupation of life, so it is in
our Grange duties; we are successful in so
far as we are faithful to its teachings. From
the very beginning of creation it has been
loyalty to duty or disloyalty, and today
there is no variance. Are we as Patrons
anxiously and carefully embodying its prin-
ciples in our lives? Are we faithfully per-
forming the many little duties of today on-
trusted to us? Are we faithfully improv-
ing the precious moments and hours that
an all wise hand is meting out to us for a
few ﬂeeting years? Or, on the other hand,
are we allowing the valuable moments of
time to be swept by unthought of and un-
noticed? God grant not, for these are op-
portunities and responsibilities which God
has entrusted to us and which call for wis-
dom, discretion, and intelligence of no
ordinary standard, and the use of them
reaches through time and through eternity.

Seek not your own happiness. Seek the
road toward which duty points, let that be
your object always, and happiness Wlll ﬁnd
you, and will make her home with you
forever. Seek her, like a will-o’-the-wisp,
she ﬂees from you, ever just in sight but
beyond your grasp. Forget, ignore her,
while followin the path that duty points
out to you, an she will soon ﬁnd you.

There is no such thing as abiding, all

"1

 enduring happiness, on]

“women?”

such as comes
from the consciousness a duty well done,
contentment with our surroundings, a
cheerful spirit, and a ﬁrm determination to
do right.

GOUBAGE NEEDED.

Bravery is an essential characteristic for
people who would be faithful to duty. Life
is not a playground but a battle ﬁeld, and
people are needed who are brave; then

Dare to be a Daniel,
Dare to stand alone,

Dare to have a purpose ﬁrm,
Dare to make it known.

Brave are they who, recognizing their
duty, will follow the dictates of conscience at
whatever the cost; follow it amid the scoffs
and frowns of the proud,heartless world, and
lend a helping hand to an erring one.
Brave are they who dare to do right when
it is not popular, regardless of what society
will do or say; who have more anxiety to
please God than man, and would rather hear
the masters’ “ well done” than the applause
of fastidious multitudes.

Are we looking into the future expecting
glorious results, while the present seems
unpleasant, and with the dawning of each
day and hour does the dread duty increase
more and more? If these are the habits
that are controlling us in the present, our
expectations will be in vain, and life’s light
will be wafted out, leaving only dreads
and unpleasantness. Therefore let us Pat-
rons be loyal, faithful and upright, and
constant, for the harvest of autumn and the
repose of winter depends entirely upon the
faithful performance of duty in the spring
and summer of life.

Let us so live, that when the Great Mas-
ter shall garner in the sheaves, we shall be
numbered among those who have remem-
bered the pass-word into that eternal city,
which was whispered to us by divine lips:
“ He that is faithful in that which is least,
is faithful also in much, enter thou into the
joy of thy Lord.”

PICKINGS.

Mrs. Mayo’s list of suggested topics in
the last VISITOR is helpful. Thank you.

While comparisons may be odious out of
place, they serve a lively purpose in pro-
grams for mixed companies sometimes.
The following subjects of that sort have
lately come to my notice: “Whose work
is harder, man’s or woman’s, considering
the strength of each?” “ What portions of
the indoor work should men do?” “What
part of the outside work should a. woman
do?” “ Who are more extravagant, men or
“Are brothers the best critics
of a sisters’ faults?” Is a sister the best
judge of a brother’s virtues‘?

May we not have more of Sweet Briar’s
Grange’s doings? Judging from the “pro-
nunciation social” that she reported, there
must be much original material in its make
up. If she is the rose that used to bloom
in the VISITOR, she received a double wel-
come from many who recall her, I am sure,
and who hope she will be very generous of
her fragrance again. J B

Those who “lay out” the work of the
Subordinate Grange should study the
declaration of purposes of the Order and
should also know what has been done by
the Grange in the past as well as what their
State and their National Grange.is working
to accomplish at the present time. If they
are ignorant of these or ignore them their
Grange might as well be a one—horse farm-
ers’ club so far as its being any beneﬁt to
the organization is concerned.——G'r(mge
Homes.

Do You Want a Sewing Machine?

 
If you want to get a first—class Machine
and don’t want to pay double price for
it, write for particulars about a good
Machine at a. low price, to

THE GRANGE VISITOR,
Lansing, Mich.

IT IS FIRST-CL ASS.

Pittsford Mich, March 29. 1894.
Enrroa V1s1Toa——We received the
Columbian sewing machine all right and it
meets with our entire approval. We 
lieve it to be equal to any of the high
priced machines, doing all kinds of work in
the best manner possible.
Yours respectfully,
JAMES COUSINS.

 
The Juveniles.

LITTLE E'l‘IIEL’S FINGER STORY.

Five little sheep stood under a tree,

The ﬁrst one said, “ Come, follow me;”

The second one said, “ Let's keep in line;”

The third one said, “ That will be ﬁne ;”

The fourth one said, “ We’re coming fast ;”

The ﬁfth one said, " I am the last;”

So after their leader they ran until

They came to afence where they all stood still.
——SelecIed.

THE BLUE-BIItD’S SONG.

I know the song the blue-bird is singing,

Up in the apple tree where he is swinging,
Brave little fellow! The skies may look dreary,
Nothing cares he while his heart is so cheery,

“ Daffodils! daffodils! say, do you hear?
Summer is coming and spring time is here!”

Hark, how the music leaps out from his throat,
Hark, was there ever so merry a note?

Listen awhile and you’ll hear what he is saying,
Up in the apple tree swinging and swaying.

“ Daffodils! daffodils! say, do you hear?
Summer is coming and spring time is here!"

“ Dear little blossoms down under the snow,
You must be weary of winter I know,

Hark, while I sing you a message of cheer,
Summer is coming and spring time is here!
Daffodils! daffodils! say, do you hear?
Summer is coming and spring time is here!”

GENTLEMAN BROVVN.

Brown was simply a large dog, who was
so strong, so fearless, so intelligent, and so
active in affairs that he was considered the
champion of the town.

He could thrash any dog round about
and always did it when it was necessary.

But he was extremely kind and benevo-
lent. He showed great kindness to tramp
dogs, and protected many a wretched little
Vagabond, and saw him safely out of the
town in good condition.

One day he brought a specially bad spec-
imen home with him. He came into the
house and into the dining room, where the
family were at dinner, the wretched little
tramp dog at his heels.

He looked up at his master, wagging his
tail, asking for something to eat. A plate
of food was set down, and the little dog
snatched at it ravenously. Brown seemed
to think that was all right. He did not
offer to touch the food. When the little
dog was through he asked for another
plateful and had his own dinner.

He kept the little dog for quite awhile,
always permitting him to eat ﬁrst. At
night he took the dog into his kennel, him-
self sleeping outside.

He was not at all intimate with the dog,
but treated him as a visitor, not at any time
as a friend. The tramp ﬁnally went on his
way, strong and well and as plump and
sleek as any dog need be. What was said
between these two dogs, both at meeting
and parting, would be very interesting to
know.~Inter Ocean.

FOUR YOUNG ROBINS.

When I was about twelve years old, my
father had a large tree in the front yard
cut down. When it was almost ready to
fall we discovered a bird’s nest high up in
the branches, and thought it very probable
there were young birds in it. We knew, if
they stayed there, they would be killed by
the falling of the tree, so my brother
climbed up and carefully brought the nest
down in his hand.

Sure enough, there they were——four of
the homeliest little birds. Their great
yellow mouths were wide open, and they
had no feathers to speak of. VVe put them
in another tree, thinking the old birds
would take care of them; but they did not
come, and at night we took them into the
house. The next day we put them in the
tree again; but the parents seemed to have
been frightened away, so I said I would be
a mother to them.

We had an empty room in the house,
where nothing could harm them, and in a

few day they were able to hop over the.

ﬂoor. My mother’s room was directly
beneath the one in which they were; and
she said she could hear their little feet
pattering over the ﬂoor as soon as it became
light in the morning. They grew very fast,
and improved in their appearance, as their
feathers were now thick and pretty. I fed
them with dough made of cornmeal and
water, and with angle-worms.

Two died; but the other two were very
cunning. One of them used to take the
bottom of my dress in his mouth, as I sat
on the ﬂoor, and pull so hard as to lose his
balance and fall over; -but he did not care
for that, but would hop up and try again.

After awhile they were large enough to
take care of themselves, and father said I
ought to let them outdoors with the other
birds. So one pleasant morning we opened
the window, and it was not long before they
both ﬂew away. I felt bad to have them
go, but consoled myself by thinking what
nice times they were probably having.-
Ohristian Register.

The Grange is developing some strong
debaters among the younger members who
will some day be heard from in legislative
halls. Young man, are you one of that
number ?—G‘1'ange Homes.

 
., ..,a......_........................._........................_...,.-............,.. .... .. ....- 

   
4-

mm -enasneinvrsrron.

 
APRIL 19, -1894.

THE GRAl_‘l_(ll_} VISITOR.

Published on the first and third Thursdays of every month.

Kenyon L. Butterﬂeld, Editor and Manager.
LANSING. MICH.

To whom all exchanges. communications, advertising busi-
ness and subscriptions should be sent.

Oilice, Room 19, Old State Building.

TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six Months.
In Clubs of 20 or more 40 cents (per yeB_I‘ 68011-
Snbscriptions payable in advance, an dlscontlntled 3'5
expiration, unless renewed.

§‘Remittances should be by Registered Letter. M0119)?
Order or Draft. Do not send stumps.

§’To insure insertion all notices should be m8il8d 110
later than the Saturday preceding issue.

Entered at the Postofﬁce at Lansing, Mich.. as Second
Class Matter.

§Nsx'r ISSUE MAY 3.
 

OUR WORK.

The following has been approved by the State
Grange as a fair statement of the objects the
Grange of Michigan has in view and the special
lines along which it purposes to work. VVe hope
every Grange in the state will work earnestly in
all of these departments, so that by a more united
effort we shall rapidly increase our numbers, ex-
tend our inﬂuence, and attain more and more com-
pletely those ends which we seek.

OUR OBJECT

is the Organization of the Farmers for their
own Improvement,
Financially,
Socially,
Mentally,
Morally.

WE BELIEVE

that this Improvement Cam in Large Measure
be Brought About:

1. (a.) By wider individual study and general
discussion of the business side of farming and
home keeping.

(b.) By co-operation for ﬁnancial advantage.

2. (a.) By frequent social gatherings, and
the mingling together of farmers with farmers,
and of farmers with people of other occupa-
tions.

(b.) By striving for a purer manhood, a uobler
womanhood, and a universal brotherhood.

3. (a.) By studying and promoting the im-
provement of our district schools.

(b.) By patronizing and aiding the Agricult-
ural Colleges and Experiment Stations in
their legitimate work of scientific investiga-
tion, practical experiment, and education for
rural pursuits.

(c.) By maintaining and attending farmers’
institutes; reading in the Reading Circle;

 
, establishing and using circulating libraries;

buying more and better magazines and papers
for the home.

4. (a.) By diffusing a knowledge of our civil
institutions and teaching the high duties of
citizenship.

(b.) By demanding the enforcement of ex-
isting statutcs, and by discussing, advocating,
and trying to secure such other state and na-
tional laws as shall tend to the general jus-
tice, progress, and moralitY-

 
Don’t miss page six.

 
Do you keep farm accounts? See page
two.

Write to our advertisers.
Vrsiron.

What’s troubling you? See F. H. R. C.
for further particulars.

 
Mention the

 
Will you discuss the questions suggested
in the “Lecture ﬁeld? ”

 
Supervisors will be interested in “ The
Assessor's Manual,” in our book reviews.

 
Mr. Gladden knows all about potatoes.
He gives us a drop from the bucket, on

page two.

Do you believe we need better roads
than we have? Do you think the county
road law an advance step, or not?

 
Send us a postal card with a bit of news
from your Grange. Any thing that will
interest you will interest other Patrons.

 
We have a strong article from Hillsdale
county on the liquor question, which will
appear next week. What do you think of
it?

You must not miss our “ Book Reviews”
in this issue; not because they are reviewed
so well, but because the books reviewed are
so good.

The inheritance tax law has been de-
clared unconstitutional by the supreme
court. It is held to contravene the provis-
ions regarding equality of property taxa-
tion.

Brother Old’s article on “ Better than
raising wheat,” will be suggestive to many.
Brother Olds is a young man who is “ get-
ting to the front” by dint of hard thought
and hard work.

 
Arbor day, Friday April 27. Plant a,
tree.

Our articles on the county road law and
the pure food laws will aid greatly in dis-
cussing these questions. We hope Patrons
will send in their opinions. I

We were delayed in sending the premi-
ums won in the recent contest, because a
few Grangos did not respond promptly.
Don’t think that you have been forgotten.

ENCOURAGING SIGNS.

Never before, since our connection with
the VISITOR, have there come to us so many
encouraging signs of Grange activity as
during the past three months. Grange
news or postal jottings furnish a. pretty fair
barometer of the Grange weather, for it
is very rarely that a dormant Grange will
take the pains to tell about it, and the
Grange items from our own state have been
fairly rained in upon us, at times. We have
also had numerous inquiries from those
outside the Order about forming Granges in
their locality, a rare experience for us pre-
vious to this year. There come reports,
directly and indirectly, of several counties
that are doing revival work most efficiently.
In spite of the depressed times the Grange
is marching on, and is winning its Way as it
deserves. Let us get encouragement from
these signs of life, for 8. better day is
dawning.

PURE FOOD.

It will be well if every one will carefully
read our article on pure food. It gives a.
brief outline of the existing laws on the
subject, and the chief recommendations of
the dairy and food commissioner. We shall
endeavor to follow this with similar articles
concerning the pure food laws of several
other states.

The weak points in our laws are appar-
ent, but we sincerely hope that the com-
missioner will have two or three rousing
prosecutions before the year is over. If
he wins, good for the law. If he loses,
it will be the best possible argument for
new and more stringent regulations.

One very good proof that the present
laws are not of much use is the fact that
nobody is objecting to them. 'When Micli-I
igan has proper pure food laws and attempts
to enforce them properly you will hear
a hubbub from the dealers that will make
Rome howl.

A POOR POLICY.
Several papers have stated that the
state supreme court is now caught
up with its work and is prepared to
grind out decisions with the rapidity of a
roller process mill, whereas a year and a
half ago it was way behind, and with small
prospect of getting even. The reason of
this agreeable state of aﬁairs is alleged to
be the increase in the salaries which the
last legislature granted the justices,
coupled with a compulsory residence in
Lansing. The aforesaid papers argue that
a similar delectable condition would result
in the other departments of government,
were the salaries raised and Lansing resi-
dence required. Whatever may be the
force of this argument on its face, it is
surprising that any friend of the move-
ment to increase the salaries of the state
officers should trot out that shameful
supreme court deal as an analogous case.
The gentleman of the court had the
etfrontery to acknowledge that they were
not doing their duty, but would faithfully
promise to do it for $2,000 more a year
each! They were elected to perform cer-
tain business; nothing prevented them
moving to Lansing, if necessary to the per-
formance of that business. They knew
when they were elected what the duties
and the salary were. Yet they neglected
their work and only have been keeping it
in proper shape since their successful but
undigniﬁed little game of bluff with the
last legislature. No, brother editor, don’t
illustrate your points for increased salaries
with any quotations from the remarkable
and inspiring chronicles of the doings of
our noble supreme court. Bright as the
record is, there is one blot that won’t wash
out, and we all know just where to look
for it.

A BACKWARD STEP.

The Republican editors, at their recent
state meeting, took occasion to pass a reso-

, us that this is distinctly a step to the rear.

lines in municipal elections. It seems to

We are by nature partisans, in other things
as well as in politics. The object of all
civilizing agencies, the press included, is
supposed to be the broadening of men’s
minds. We are supposed to be striving to
get out of partisanship into liberality.
These same editors would no doubt stren-
uously plead for more liberal views in
religion. Why draw the lines closer in
politics? Partisanship has been the curse
of city government. Why pull back the
movement of reform? If either of the
great parties stands for anything at all, it
represents principles of national import-
ance. Surely the principles of protection
or tariff reform do not weigh in municipal
affairs! To adhere to party lines then in
municipal elections is to admit that in
those elections the party has no principles
to advocate; and what is a party without
principles? When a great party will make
distinct issues in state and city politics,
well and good. But where is the sense in
dragging a national economic issue into the
purely business administration of a large
city! The scheme is a sop to machine pol-
itics and machine politicians.

Of course we know that it will be a long
day ahead of us before the divorce of city
and national politics will be accomplished.
But the ﬁnger of reform points to it. Com-
mon liberality demands it. And we
believe in setting our faces Zionward
anyhow, no matter if there be lions in the
way.

HOW WOULD THIS WORK?‘
There are many taxpayers who would
doubtless favor the payment of decent
salaries to our state officers, but who would
hesitate to vote to increase taxation by so
much as one penny. And if the work and
salaries of the departments could be so
adjusted as to call for the expenditure of
no more money than at present, it would
seem probable that no voter would refuse
to sanction an increase in the salaries of
certain elective state oﬂicers. A plan has
been suggested by which this could be done
without crippling the efficiency of any de-
partment or necessarily reducing the num-
“her of employee. The idea is merely that,
by constitutional provision, the elective
oﬂicers should be required to attend per-
sonally to the duties of their oﬂice; this
would do away with the necessity of high
priced deputies, and the duties of the lat-
ter would partake more of the nature of
chief clerks. Inasmuch, however, as the
laws quite uniformly confer upon the dep-
uty the powers of the principal whenever
the latter is unable, by reason of sickness
or necessary absence, to perform his duties,
it would seem wise that the name and
powers of the deputy should not be abridged.

Without attempting to discuss the plan
further than to say that it would seem to
be entirely practicable, we venture to put
forth some ﬁgures as showing, not how this
change should be made, but how it might
be made.

Oﬁim ‘:‘§..i§.°?.‘ P§.§’1...." “B.” s.iii>'xl.y°f P'.§l3.‘§§-id
Sec. State ........ -. $300 $2.500 92.000 $1.300
Treasurer ________ .. 1.000 2.500 3.000 1.200
Auditor Gen. . ._.__ (D0 2,330 2.011) Lﬂll
Coin. Laud 0ﬁice-. Em 1.500 2,000 1.200

Atty. Gen ......... _. 2.500 2.500 .................. ..
Supt. Pub. Inst..-- . 1,0“) 2,500 2,(XJO 1,300
Com. Insui-snce.... 2.000 2.000 1.500 1.200
com. a. B _______ _. 2.50“ 2.500 1.500 1.200
Com. Labor ______ __ 2,000 2,000 1,5(X) 1,200
(Join. Banking.._-.; 2.500 2.500 800 1.310
Totals ............ .. $18,100 $23,000 $16,310 310.300
Increase ________________ .. $4.900 $5.500 Decrease.

Net saving .................................... .. $600 00

In addition to this there are now ﬁve
chief clerks receiving $1,200 each; these
offices could be abolished and the duties be
performed by $1,000 clerks, effecting a
further saving of $1,000. It would seem
necessary to provide in the constitution
that no deputy oﬂicial or clerk should be
allowed a compensation above $1,200 a year.

As hinted above this is no hard and fast
proposition. Possibly the salaries for the
ofﬁcers are not just what might be best.
Possibly $1,200 a year for deputies is too
small compensation for Michigan states-
men. But we fancy that the principle of
the scheme is practicable. We should like
very much if Patrons would discuss this
salary question pretty thoroughly, in the
Grange and through the Visrron. May
we not have numerous brief and pithy

OUR WORK.

We believe in “ maintaining and attending farmers’
institutes; reading in the reading circle; establishing
and using circulating libraries; buying more and
better magazines and papers for the home.”

This sort of work is exceedingly import-
ant. The average man or woman, after
they leave school and take up the respon-
sibilities of life, need some incentive to
reading and study. Few on our farms can
partake of the advantages of a college
course. Yet for this reason it does not fol-
low that they shall forever lay aside books,
nor forswear the pursuit of knowledge. But
“ the cares of this world and the deceitful-
ness of riches,” especially in these prosper-
ous times, tend to draw one’s thoughts and
ambitions away from study and reading,
and the need of an incentive becomes
apparent. Here the Grange once more
asserts its utility. By deliberately plan-
ning and persistently following lines of
self-improvement, it furnishes to its mem-
bers the necessary stimulus. And as chan-
nels through which may more easily flow
the mental activities of the people, the
Grange recommends and proposes to use
the means named in our text. A few words
regarding these means may not come
amiss.

Farmers’ institutes are doing a good
work in Michigan. Much practical infor-
mation is disseminated and, better, the
younger men and women are encouraged to
new efforts on the farm and to new love
for their calling. Our best rural writers
are given a chance to be heard, and bud-
ding talent gets opportunity to expand.
Any one who has attended the institutes .
will admit that much ability has its home
on the farms that lie between our great
lakes. But there is not enough of this
work. There should be one “ long ” insti-
tute in every agricultural county each year.
There should also be one or two shorter
institutes for special purposes, such as leg-
islation, discussion of hard times, new
crops, experience meetings, schools, etc.
The long institutes could be conducted
directly under college management, and
should in reality be schpols of agriculture.
The shorter institutes might be managed
by the farmers themselves, but they should
be organized and systematized. The state
can Well afford to expend some money in
aid of such institutes, for the practical
good would be untold. The farmers
would not be asking too much in demand-
ing as complete a system as the one sug-
gested above.

Institute experience should be preceded
and followed,on the part of the farmers, by
reading and study. It would be perfectly
practicable to make the reading circle
work lead up to and culminate in the
institute school. We conceive of this idea
as of great value, because it is the habit of
continuous study, thought, and investiga-
tion that will be of most lasting beneﬁt.
And probably the best means at hand to
secure and train this habit is through some
sort of 9. course of reading. It is to be
hoped that there will come such a demand
for the use of the Farm Home Reading
Circle that the work can be enlarged and
put on the broad lines we have indicated.

There is no question but that farmers
read too few books. There are many farm-
ers homes where the best literature is
owned and read. But there are, oh, so
many rural homes where can be found
, only a very meagre library, and the books
even in that are seldom touched. Circu-
lating libraries are not plenty nor plenti-
fully used. Yet they should be as promi-
nent in the country as in the city. They
demolish one great argument against pri-
vate libraries —the cost; for although books
are abominably cheap, they do cost money.
In Massachusetts there is quite an exten-
sive rural library system, and we under-
stand that it has been growing rapidly in
favor among the farmers. The Grange
furnishes a most convenient centre for this
Work. and no Grange should neglect to
have a library policy which shall begin a
l1b1‘9-TY. add to it each year, and care for it
P1'°P31'1y- How many Granges in Michi-
gan have such a policy?

A prominent Patron from another state
told us that he fears the farmers of his
state read less than they dida few years

lution favoring strict adherence to party

opinions from our readers?

    
ago; at least they read more of trashy

or

 
\«

       
’  19. 139;

,_ -77

"run one '

 vr.si'ron.

5

stuﬁ, ﬂashy stories, cheap papers, and less
of ﬁrst-class reading. If that is true, it is
discouraging enough. We hope it is not
true of our own state, and are inclined to
doubt that it is. But certain it is that the
standard papers and magazines do not cir-
culate as they should among the farmers.
Good magazines are now so reasonable in
price that almost every farmer can afford
to take one of them. The Grange can
encourage this movement for better litera-
ture in the home, and should lose no oppor-
tunity to do so. The inﬂuence that the
farmer class shall exert upon society
thirty years hence will depend very largely
upon what the young men and women of
the farms are now reading about and think-
ing about.

Farmers, the Grange should win your
respect for this reason alone, even if you
can ﬁnd no other phase of its work that
suits you. It is the only well organized eﬁort
in our state toward bringing the farmers
into one grand army of intellectual prog-
ress. One of its most deﬁnite purposes is
to make of farmers more intelligent, self-
respecting, successful, inﬂuential men.
Will you not add your intelligence and
counsel to the movement?

The Lecture Field.

ENCOURAGEMENT FOR SMALL GRANGES.

It was my pleasure on the 13th to meet
with Wayne connty Pomona at the hall of
Redford Grange, and though the number
of Granges (four) represented was small,
the gathering of membership, the enthusi-
asm, and banquet were more than full
size.

After dinner, under the direction of Miss
-Jessie Burt, the Lecturer, an excellent
program of music, recitations, essays, etc.,
was given by members of Redford Grange,
who arose unannounced and did their
parts well. The Pomona managed a morn-
ing and evening session, and a class of
four were instructed. The road law
was considered pro and con and most of
the_ speakers Were of the. opinion that it
should be carried out, for it would draw
about ﬁve-sixths of the funds from the city
of Detroit, and they thought farmers could
well aiford to contribute their share, which
could not exceed ﬁfty cents on one thou-
sand dollars valuation, while the city
neighbors were willing, for the desire
might change ere long.

This Redford Grange, like many others,
has seen its days of discouraging decline
and ran quite low, but when they talked

“disband” a year or two since, the out-
siders took a hand and about 47 was the
size of one of the ﬁrst classes received, a
few at a time followed, and 21 were in-
structed just before this meeting, while
16 or more are marching -that Way now.
As we viewed the 50 or 60 young people
vieing with each other in gayety, happi-
ness, and Grange work, we thought surely
our words to them last winter “that the
Grange is admirably a young people’s
association ” had been fully comprehended,
and the encouraging letters and jottings in
the columns of the VISITOR from all parts
of the ﬁeld seem to say “ next.”
A. J. C.
Ypsilanti.

 
FOR DISCUSSION.

 
We hope lecturers will not be slow in
making use of the topics here suggested.
If the Granges make up their minds that a
certain movement is right and decide to
lend all their inﬂuence in its behalf, peo-
ple will begin to open their eyes, and
prick u their ears. For the Grange is
powerful)because its sentiments, if the re-
sult of careful thought and discussion, us-
ually represent the average opinion of the
farming class.

Don’t be backward about sending us short
reports of discussions on these topics. Here
are two questions that it will be interest-
ing to discuss just at this time.

1. What salaries should be paid our state oﬂicers
and under what limitations? _ _

2. Can the farmers aid in solving the liquor ques-
tion? If so, how? Have they any interest or duty
in the matter? -

_______,____

SPECIAL TO LECTURERS.

We shall send a marked copy of this col-
umn to every lecturer whose address we
have, and we hope each lecturer will read
and wei h every word. We believe there
is scarceﬁy anything that will make the Vis-
ITOB more interesting, or that will be of
more real use to Granges, than the knowl-
ed e of what the Granges are trying to do
and how they are trying to do it._ To save
the trouble and expense of sending a per-
sonal note to each lecturer, we give here a
re neat to which we hope every lecturer

wi respond. _
In order to get new points as to methods

this department. Write as brieﬂy as is
consistent with complete answers. Please
let us hear from you all. It is for the good
of the Order.

1. How often do you meet? On what evening and
at what hour? At what hour do you usually
close?

2. Do you have a literary program at each meet-
ing? Please name a few topics that you have re-
cently discussed with proﬁt. ~

3. How much heed does your Grange give to
the strict enforcement of parliamentary rules?

4. Does degree work occupy a prominent part
in your Grange Work?

5. How frequently do you have public meetings?
Do you ever hold meetings where your friends who
are not Patrons are invited by your members?
What is your opinion of the value of either of these
kinds of meetings?

6. What plans have you for increasing your
membership?

F. H. R. (-2.

Mo'r'ro—-“ Begin; keep at it.”

W}IAT’S TROUBLING YOU‘!

VVhat is your greatest hindrance to read-
ing the F. H. R. 0. course? Is it the cost
of the books? The books of class I. cost
only $3.23, less than one cent per day for a
year. They will furnish you food for
thought for a whole year. Better still, the
reading and thinking will be directly in
line with your work on the farm. More
and better thinking is necessary if farming
is to be successful in these days of depres-
sion.

Is it want of time? Do you use what
time you have? Think what has been ac-
complished by using the fragments of time
which most people waste as of no value.
Take as an example “the learned black-
smith,” Elihu Burritt, who mastered the
principal languages of the world while
supporting his family by working at his
trade, studying with his book lying open
before him on the forge. Who of us has
not as good an opportunity for improve-
ment?

“ No one else is reading?” Perhaps not
‘in your neighborhood. So much more

reason that you shall begin. Others are
waiting for some one to lead. Begin your-
self and others will follow. Tell your
Grange about the books. Organize a class,
if possible. Be yourself the pioneer in the
good work. You will not be sorry in the
years to come.

If we have failed to locate the difficulty,
write at once to Prof. Mumford or the
editor of the VISITOR and explain, so that
we may know what the great hindrance. is.
The country needs thoughtful, intelligent
farmers. You need this course to make
you more so. "M

J. W. H.

THE REASON FOR IT.

EDITOR VISITOR-Hon. Geo. E. Hilton
makes some remarks about the recent road
law in your issue of February 15, and the
action of the State Grange in adopting a
certain resolution, and he asks the writer
of said resolution to answer his questions
through your paper, hence I intrude upon
your space.

Now I ﬁnd but two “ questions” in that
article. One, had the State Grange a
“ moral” right to pass the resolution with-
out recommending something better than
the “county system?”

2. “ Or does the State Grange believe in
minority rule?” _

Though I wrote the resolution that seems
to give the honorable gentleman so much
trouble, I am not a member of any Grange
(because there is none in reach of me),and
as the said questions relate entirely to the
action of the State Grange, hence I think
it is entirely the province of the Grange
to answer as it is called to the bar.

If I thought it my business to answer
them at all, ﬁrst, I should want him to de-
ﬁne the word “ mora ” in the relation then
used, and the second question I think too
absurd to need reply.

THEY KNEW IT ALL.

The former part of Mr. Hilton’s remarks
would seem to indicate that all “intelli-
gence” was locked up in the minds of a
certain committee, who seem to think they
know what the farmers of Michigan want,
better than the farmers themselves. In
other words, said solons, together with or
under the inﬂuence of the bicycle trusts
and those engaged in that trade, with a smat-
tering of high (?) men in some of the vil-
lages and cities on the strength of a vote,

the farmers are fools, because they cannot
see the “intelligence” of mortgaging their
farms for from three to six per cent of their
value to ﬁx things nice for top heavy young
bloods to run their wheels over the country.

Less fast horses, fewer riding wheels, I
think would increase honesty in high
places, if not intelligence.

No one desires good roads more than I,
but I want them by the farmer, for the
farmer, and such and where he wants them,
as he in the end must build them.

If the farmers of Michigan do not know
what they want, the villages and cities bet-
ter wait till we ask before they give. A
few roads in the country improved would

mostly from those that pay no tax, think _

could draw on the poorest road. I cannot
see that the present plan is so very much
out of joint. ~

Kalamazoo county has, all over it, fair
roads most of the year, at least so that the
farmer can haul home all the money he
can get in the village.

It is said that you must not look a gift
horse in the month. That might have
been true once; but if we must feed him,
it might be well to see if he has any teeth.

MIGHT HAVE ASKED THE FABMER.

Had those abnormal bunches of “ intelli-
gence” once thought to call in the farmer
there might have been saved some of the
great strain they were put to in those
“two laborious days.” It is all bosh to
say that the villages and cities of this state
are advocating to bond the counties for the
beneﬁt of the farmers. Did any one ever
hear of corporations lying awake nights to
devise means to assist the old hayseed?
What is the universal thought as soon as
he is seen in town? “Get all the money
out of him you can.” As to needing bet-
ter roads to getto town,—he gets there now
too much,—-better stay at home and im-
prove his farm. If Mr. Hilton will read
carefully the preamble he will know the
writer’s reasons. I
D. T. DELL.

V icksburg.

THE VALUE OF A STRONG POMONA IN
GRANGE WORK.

MARY C. ALLIS.

The good that may be accomplished for
the Order, both general and local, by a
strong Pomona, is incalculable. While the
local work is far in excess and of greater
importance, there is a growing tendency
on the part of Pomona Granges to reach
out and make their work more general; and
the more progressive counties, quick to
catch at anything which will build up the
Order, are extending their borders of use-
fulness and aim to come within the range
of those outside the gates.

Some we ﬁnd exchanging work with ad-
jacent counties. Union picnic associations
have been formed, embracing several coun-
ties, and in other cases We ﬁnd them lead-
ing farmers’ institutes or forming an alli-
ance with teachers’ associations. Each of
these have their respective merits in broad-
ening and extending the inﬂuence and
usefulness of the Order, for we must take
the Grange to the people if they will not
come to us, and mildly educate them to our
ideas. But the primary mission of Pomo-
na is an oversight of the subordinates of
which it is, or should be, a fostering
mother, carrying strength and support to
the weak ones and possessing stimulating
inﬂuence for all. Being itinerant in its
nature it travels to all parts of the county,
drawing within its circle the best workers
and thinkers, and affording an opportunity
for an exchange of ideas and new and suc-
cessful methods of work. There would be
less dormancy to report if the Pomonas
were better attended. The strong subor-
dinates are invariably found to be ﬁrm
supporters of Pomona. There is nothing
like a rousing Pomona meeting to revive
the spirits of a discouraged officer.

The present hard times are making them-
selves felt in the Grange, but remember,
Patrons, a substantial treasury is the power
of any organization, so don’t neglect your
Pomona.

Adrian.

SALARIES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS.

The last number of the GRANGE VISITOR
very properly calls the attention of its
readers to this subject, and invites an ex-
pression of opinion, to which invitation I
cheerfully respond. There is no doubt
but our legislative cranks will keep on
thrusting constitutional amendments be-
fore the people at every succeeding session.
Public oﬁce holders are like our pension-
ers, and they are all like the three things
we read of in the Bible that “ never saith it
is enough.” To every farmer in the state
I desire to say, these are no times to talk
of raising salaries and increasing public
expenses. The GRANGE VISITOR presents
a table showing the salaries of state oﬂicers
in ten states, including our own, from which
the reader might be led to conclude that
some of our salaries are comparatively
low. But what have we to do with other
states? Let them squander their money
as they please, and we can do the same
thing. When the president’s salary was
foolishly raised from $25,000 to $50,000 it
was sometimes justiﬁed by telling how
much more the crowned monarchs of
Europe were being paid. This is no rule
to go by. What has become of our old
time traditions of American equality?
Where are the men who used to tell us
that these oﬂicers were servants and the

eople were masters? And wherein is the
Justice or policy of giving the servant
more in one year than the master can earn
in ten? Certainly there is not a single
state oﬁicer whose salary is so low as that
of the farmer, who toils through storm and
shine to produce wheat at 50 cents a
bushel, and wool at 10 to 15 cents a pound.

of work we should like to ask lecturers to
answer the following questions through

not materially assist the general farming
community. We could only draw what we

question of salaries be sure to bear in
mind that in almost eve instance the
work is largely done by c erks, deputies
and subordinates paid by the state. In
some cases the deputy is paid much
more than the oﬁcer’s salary, and it has
been said that the clerks or deputies, after
doing the work, have sometimes been
squeezed to divide their pay with the
officers.

I have lived in Michigan ever since the
days of her territorial existence, and I have
never yet seen an election of state oﬂicers
when there was not plenty of just as good
men left at home as those elected to oﬂice,
who would willingly and gladly have taken
the office with its salary. Years ago I was
a member of a mutual ﬁre insurance com-
pany, which became embarrassed by the
great ﬁres of 1872. We decided to wind
up our business, and it devolved on me to
call on the commissioner of insurance,
whose duty I knew it was to wind up the
business of the company. But imagine
my surprise, when, instead of doing it he
appointed another man to do it, and our
bankrupt company had to pay that man
eight hundred dollars, while the commis-
sioner sat in his sumptuous rooms at our
state capitol.

Yes, brother farmers, bear in mind that
all these state officers have sumptuous
rooms at the state capitol, built, carpeted,
heated, and lighted at the public expense
—at your expense and my expense—and
whenever they choose to leave those com-
fortable oiﬁces, whether on the public
business or their own, whether to visit
friends or world’s fairs, or to attend political
conventions, they go supplied with free
railroad passes, leaving some one in their
oﬂice to do the work who is paid by the
state.

And now, Mr. Editor, a few words more
before I close. You have asked the farm-
ers of Michigan to write you their views
on this salary question, and some of them
will undoubtedly do so, and when you get
their views you will send them out to the
world as so much public opinion. But
right here there is one thing I would like
to have the average voter of Michigan
bear in mind. Perhaps I ought not to say
it aloud; but there is an aristocracy among
farmersaand your paper will be read, and
your article will doubtless be answered by
some men who have an aspiration to be
state oﬂicers, for some farmers are now, and

And these aspiring men are generally the
ones who do the most work; not always on
their farms, but in the business of manu-
facturing public opinion. Now, when
you read the writings of these aspiring
farmers, who are possessed of a laudable
ambition to become state officers, do not
refuse to give their arguments whatever
weight their logical merits demand, but at
the same time “consider the source it
comes from.”
ENOs GOODRICH.

Fostoria.

EQUAL SUFFRAGE MEETING.

The tenth annual convention of the
Michigan Equal Suﬁrage Association will
be held in Grand Rapids May 8-10,
1894. Distinguished speakers and repre-
sentative men and women will make ad-
dresses, take part in discussions, etc.
There will be held three sessions daily.
All who are interested, though not mem-
bers, will be cordially welcomed.

All organizations who believe in the
enfranchisement of woman are invited to
send fraternal delegates.

Entertainment will be provided for all
delegates and visitors. An early notice to
Mrs. H. Margaret Downs, 339 Jefferson
Ave., of one’s intention to be present will
ihnsure information as to who will entertain

er.
EMILY B. KETCHAM,
Pres. Mich. E. S. A.

The Derrick Oil Co’s., Elite burning oil is safe
and pure and.a perfect Illumination.

4

GET THIS REPORT.

Patrons, send to Senators McMillan or
Stockbridge, or your member of congress,
for the senate committee’s report on agri-
culture and forestry, termed “ Agricultural
depression, its causes and remedies,” and
study it. H. D. PLATT.

STATE or OHIO, CITY OF TOLEDO 88
LUcAs COUNTY, '

FRANK J. CHENEY makes oath that he is the
senior partner of the ﬁrm of F. J. CHENEY & CO.,
doing business in the City of Toledo, County and
State aforesaid, and that said ﬁrm will pay the
sum of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each
and every case of CATARRH that cannot be cured
by the use of HALL’s CATARRH CURE.

FRANK J. CHENEY.

Sworn to before me and subscribed in my
presence, this 6th day of December, A. D. 1886.

/§&f\
§ gm, 3 A. W. GLEASON, _
Notary Public.

Hall’s Catarrh Cure is taken internally -and acts
directly on the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system. Send -for testimonials, free.
F. J. CHENEY CO., Toledo, 0.
@“'Sold by Druggists, 75c.

Write the Derrbk Oil 00., Titusville, Pa... for

Farmers of Michigan, in considering this

prices on Burning and Lubricating Oils.

have been, and will again be state ofﬁcers. ‘

  
. .- .y. .
 ‘.Ai.-.i‘-:. ..-..

vu-a.».-u<..»..'.-y-x...-....q.~.-.«»-o..~s-.,.w<¢-2.-. inn‘-ibwlkﬁl.-»-is-‘win’-:Aun>H--.'»'AC' - ... ..


I
I
l

  
p~'rnn~ GRA1iT&*E'.{YiISiIT‘OI1_‘f.

INT  

PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS have sold Inger-soll Paint to the Order P. of
H. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out-
buildings, 10.000 Farmers testify to their merits. Grange Halls. Churches. School

Houses, Dwellings. all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still
looking well, prove them the most durable.

MIOHIGAN STOCK BREEDERS.

All those who wish to purchase pure-
bred stock of any description, will ﬁnd
it to their advantage to correspond
with some of the following well-
known breeders.

H. H. HINDS

Stanton, Iontcalm Co
Breeder of

Shorthorn Cattle
American Merino
and Shropshire Sheep

A. II. VVARREN
‘ Ovid, Mich.
Breeder of IMPROVED

l-- — -51“ CHESTER Wlll'l‘E SWINE

And Lincoln Sheep. A choice lot of stock
for sale at farmers’ prices. Breeding stoclrall
recorded. Reduced prices on fall Pigs. Write,
or come and look me over.

 
If you Want First-Class

MERINO SHEEP

WHITE BROIORZE TURKEYS

bred from prize winners, of the Dark Bronze, at the
Indiana and Michigan State Fairs. also at the Tri-
State Fair at Toledo. you can et them of

C. M. FELLOW B. Saline, Mich.

  G. BYRON STONE
____-_¢- 0livet,Micl1.,

Specialist in castrating colts without use of ropes,
cords, clamps, or ﬁne irons. \‘Vrite for circular.

I AM ST UNG

With the belief that
double walled Hives are
the best for this lati
tude. Send name and
address for my illustra-
ted catalog of every-
thing needed in a prac-
tical Apiary. I keep
nothing but the best,
and sell at living prices.

Address
GEORGE E. HILTON,

Fremont, Mich.

u.I.I.§.  *l.EE§
Asr>aragxis.Giepesfry' Weaalcndt. Senndl

for Catalogue.
J. S COLLINS’ SON, Moorestown, N, J,

 
”“' gr’ i“[. T

GOES AGAINST
THE GRAIN

To buy a buggy that looks good for a few

weeks, then begins to shed its aint.
When you buy a DEAL BUGG you
can count on durable finish and permanent
paint. Paint used on 'em is the best, and
put by a process which insures perma-
nency of color and ﬁnish.

J. J. DEAL £1. SON,
Jonesville, Mich.

FARMERS,
ATTENTION

I sell direct and ship to all parts of
the United States.

I can Sure you Money
Buggies and Harness

or any Tools wanted on the farm.

I am State agent for the Columbia
Scale and the Common Sense Post
Hole Digger. I manufacture and
sell Hew1tt’s Automatic Adjust-
able Stock Back.

I can Surprise You on Prices.

Write for circulars and state just
what you want.

Farmers don’t feed ticks, but buy some
at I:Iayward's Sheep Dip. I want an
agent in every locality. Write quick.

B. F. FOSTER,

t until April 28th. This retarded the

College and Station.

The Professors at the Mic ' Agricultural
College have kindly conseu to answer all
important questions asked of them through the
Vrsrron.

BULLETIN NOTES.

Gleaued From Various Experiment
Station Bulletins.

AN INTERESTING INSECT.

Prof. A. D. Hopkins of West
Virginia has described a new beetle,
which he calls the Columbian tim-
ber beetle. He believes that this
is the beetle which causes the “worm
holes” in lumber. The insect seems
to thrive in its\hard surroundings,
the young being cradled in little
chambers dug out by the parent,
and subsisting on the sap as it
ﬂows into their nurseries. Prof.
Hopkins shows how some timber
is curled because the growth of
each year endeavors to form over
the entrance made to the tree by
the beetle. Thus there will be found
worm holes in the heart wood as
well as in the sap wood. One of
these holes was found in a tree, that
must have been made as early as
1479.
EARLY SOWING OF OATS.

The Minnesota station has an
experiment to show that early sow-
ing of oats is advantageous, not
only in getting the crop in and out
of the way, but in yield. Three
plots of equal size were sown, each
at a dilferent date. The dates will
of course have to be reconciled to
the latitude of St. Paul, Minnesota.

Grain
per acre.

Daysto I Straw I
mature. iper acre.
I 1
1,920 lbs.
1,486 “

Date

Plot. sown

   
1 ...... _.
2 _. .... _.
3 ...... _.

Apr. 18 99
Apr. 29 88
May 11 83

47.59 bu.
87.61 “
25.37 “

     
On the night of April 18th., six
inches of snow fell and remained

germination of the grain sown on
the 18th and partially accounts for
the greater length of time taken to
mature, while the amount of moist-
ure stored up at that time doubtless
had some inﬂuence in the increased
yield.
I TOMATOES.

The man at the Maine station
comes to these conclusions regard-
ing tomatoes:

1. The conclusions of former
years as to the value or setting
tomato plants as early in the spring
as possible are conﬁrmed.

2. Plants handled in pots pre-
vious to setting in the ﬁeld are
more vigorous and productive than
those not so handled,~a fact which
may be of great importance to the
commercial grower.

PROFIT IN WHEAT.

B. C. Buifum, in a Wyoming
bulletin, believes that wheat in
Wyoming can be raised at a proﬁt
of $8.86 per acre. The expense in-
cluded seed, ﬁtting, sowing, irriga-
tion, harvesting, and threshing; the
yields were from 20 to 30 bushels
per acre and the price 60 cents.

A NEW GRASS MAN.

Prof. Scribner has been appointed
agrostologist (which, being liber-
ally translated means “grass man” ),
in the department of agriculture at
Washington. There are no means
for estimating with any degree of
accuracy the total value of the
grass production of this country,
but the value of the avera e hay
crop exceeds $400,000,000, an while
no data are available to estimate
the annual value of the pasture
lands, it is clear that, added to the
hay value, a total grass product will
result probably more valuable than
any other single crop in the country.
The importance of collecting and
imparting useful information re-
garding our grasses is therefore
evident. The duties of the agros-
tologist are thus summarized in a
letter in» which the place was
tendered to Professor Scribner: *
* * “ The identiﬁcation of grasses
and the investigation, of forage
plants in this department * . * *
To prepare monographs ongrasses;
care for the grasses of the'h<-srbarium,
to identify such as may be sent here
for that purpose; to conduct corres-
pondence on this subject, and to

 
MICHIGAN PATBONS “Buy direct front

Facto

” at full Wholesale Prices and
save in Middleman’: Proﬁts

O. W. INGERSOLL, Prop.

‘ Oldest Paint House in America
241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn

tigation of grasses and forage plants
which may be undertaken by this
department.”

A DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS.

A specialist will now make some
investigations at Washington in
the way of studying “ the climatic
conditions of heat and moisture
under the surface of the ground,
and the relation of these conditions
to crop distribution.”

It is hoped that the work of the
new division will result in acquiring
a. great deal of information of value
to farmers on the character of soils
in relation to the distribution of
moisture to plants. The solution
of the problems involved will serve
to determine the adaptability of
certain kinds of soil to certain
crops by which the value of land
may be greatly increased. In-
stances of this kind are strikingly
furnished by the utilization for
truck-farming in Maryland of lands
unavailable for other crops and
which as a result have increased
ten and twenty fold in value, and
also by the adaptation in other states
of certain soils regarded theretofore
as worthless for tillage, but Which,
having been found to be of a nature
suited to the production of certain
varieties of tobacco, are now among
the most valuable in their respective
states.

A CABBAGE PEST.

The Cabbage Aphis. This is an
imported species that has becomg
naturalized in this country, affect-
ing cabbage, turnips, and others of
this group of vegetables. The in-
sect winters over, largely, at least
in this latitude, in the egg state.
In the spring these eggs hatch fer-
tilized females which reproduce by
giving birth to their young after
the manner of animals, the young
themselves developing and repro-
ducing within a few days after be-
ing born, all young-produced being
females. Late in the fall there is
a generation produced in which
there are both sexes, and of these,
after pairing, the males die and the
females deposit eggs, after which
they also die. The remedies for
these are tobacco dust and kerosene
emulsion.

 
LOOK FOR THE SCALE.

The United States department of
agriculture urges upon all fruit
growers the importance of making
immediate examination of their or-
chards to ascertain whether or not
this insect has made its appearance,
since very great damage to the
fruit-growing interest may result
if the scale is allowed to spread.

The insect itself is a small, ﬂat,
round scale, a. little lighter in color
than the bark of the tree, and will
be found most abundantly upon the
younger limbs and twigs. It is at
this season of the year about one-
eighth of an inch or less in diam-
eter, and there is in the middle of
each scale a small, elevated, shiny,
blackish, rounded point. Some-
times the center of the scale ap-
pears yellowish. The wood under-
neath the scale is apt to be discol-
ored and somewhat purplish. When
the insect is abundant, the bark is
completely hidden by a. close lay er
of these scales, which are then
hardly distinguishable to the naked
eye and give the appearance of a
slight discoloration or a slight
roughening of the bark. No other
scale upon apple, pear, peach,
cherry, or plum possesses these
characteristics, and the insect ought
therefore to be readily distinguish-
ed when present.

Fruit growers ﬁndin this scale
in their orchards shou d at once
notify the department and send
specimens. The emer ency bul-
letin, which will give a ull account
of the insect, together with the best
means to be used against it, will
be sent to all applicants as soon as
published.

KEEPING THE HOISTURE.

The Minnesota station summar-
izes the results of some studies on
the “ conservation of moisture in
the soil,” as follows:

1. The water-holding and conse-

of the soil are increased by the
addition of organic matter to the
soil.

2. The loss of water by evapora-
tion from the surface of the soil
must be regarded as the prime fact-
or in robbing the soil of its moist-
ure.

3. Anything that breaks the force
of the wind may make the differ-
ence between success and failure
in growing crops, by lessening the
evaporation.

4. Evaporation from the soil may
be largely prevented by the use of
a mulch on the surface.

5. The use of a mulch may some-
times increase the amount of water
in the upper one foot of soil on
one acre by 1,700 barrels, and it
probably exerts as much inﬂuence
on the several upper feet of soil.
As the roots of corn and most
other vigorous plants penetrate
several feet into the soil the in-
crease due to a covering of mulch
must be considerable.

6. Using the ﬁgures given in the
preceding pages it will be found
that a circular plat of land six feet
in diameter that is mulched may
have the water it contains increased
in 9. period of drouth by eight gal-
lons in the upper two feet of soil.
This indicates the great value of a
mulch around street trees.

7. The use of a mulch on many
garden crops will often make the
diﬂerence between success and fail-
ure.

LIFE HISTORY OF A COMMON
PLANT LOUSE.

 
The following will be interesting
to the young people.

The question naturally arises,
Of what economic value is the life
history of an insect, especially a
plant louse (which some ﬂorists
distinguish as green “ Aphis” and
black “ Dolphin”).

Many people have undoubtedly
observed the sudden disappearance
and the equally sudden re-appear-
ance at somewhat ﬁxed intervals,
of these pests. This peculiarity is
usually accounted for by the con-
ditions of the weather. In Eng-
land it is supposed to be caused by
an east wind and is called “blight.”
The truth of the matter is that
some of these pests have ﬁxed hab-
its of migrating and are not de-
pendent on the conditions of the
weather.

Though it has long been sur-
mised by entomologists that many
of the species of plant-lice migrate
from one kind of plant to another,
during part of the season, but few
species have been proven to have
this habit. The snowball and Wea-
hoo louse both have this habit of
migrating. The history of the ﬁrst
is not complete. That of the
waahoo louse is as follows: The
eggs which are deposited around
the buds of waahoo hatch between
the middle of April and first of
May. All of the brood from the
eggs are wingless. After moulting
two or three times each individual,
all being females, begin to deposit
young plant lice like themselves
on the underside of the leaves,
which the stem-mothers have
caused to curl slightly. When full
grown the second brood develop
wings and migrate to such weeds
as shepherd’s purse, curled dock,
pigweed, and thistle. This migra-
tion occurs between May 20 and
June 10. They remain on these
weeds throughout the summer.
The number of broods produced
during the summer on the weeds
is not known. In this locality they
seem to prefer the pigweed. Feed-
ing as they do on the ﬂower spikes,
they resemble the seeds of the
weeds and are easily overlooked.

brood of winged females appears on
the pigweed. These migrate back
to the waahoo on the leaves
of which a wingless brood is
deposited. This Wingless brood is
the last of the season. About
the time the latter are deposited
on the waahoo a brood of males
are deposited on the pigweed,
which develop wings, migrate to
the waahoo and pair with the
wingless females, after which the

The latter part of August another Pemk

females deposit their eggs around

APRIL 19, -1894.

OR KS

Iugursoll’s Liquid Rubber Paints
Indestructible Cottage and Burn Paints

Sample. Color Cards, “Conﬁdential” Grange
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The Hand-Made Harness 60..

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Can be made by work?!

E. D. HAWLEY, Pres.
O. Moons, S'ec’y.
Retail their own make of goods at 11!/l0le.V‘t2l!ffl'L‘l'
\Ve make a special of $20 double team work har-
ness zmd a $10 sing e harness. VVe guarantee satis-
faction, and prepay freight on ﬁve sets. By per
znission we refer to Hon. H. H. Hinds, of Stan-
on.

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Every Man whose watch
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Every Man of sense who
merely compares the old pull-
out bow and the new

 
will exclaim: “Ought to have
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Can only be had with ]as. Boss
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with this trade mark

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ERIE MEBIGIL 00., BUFFALO, ii. Y.

Wrhe corridors of the St. Louis Hotelwere
crowded this morning with atients to see
the suegeons of the Erie M ical (10., who
glv by the last boat from Montrea.L

elr annotmcetnents occupy ﬁve columns
:1 our space to-day."—Quebec Mercury.

The Peoples’ Savings Bank

OF LANSING MICHIGAN.
CAPITAL, 150,000.00.

MEAD BLOCK, LANSING.
°m°E5-l FRANKLIN S1‘.. NORTHILANSING.

OFFICERS.
W. J. Bun, President,

A. A. WILBUR, Vice President.
0. H. Osamn, Cashier.

We transact a general banking business. In
our savings department we receive deposits of
one dollar or over and pay interest thereon if left
three months or longer at 4 per cent.

In our commercial department we receive ac-
counts of merchants and business men. We issue
interest bearing certiﬁcates of deposit. If you
have any banking business come and see us.

GRAND RAPIDS and
Indiana Railroad

   
Feb’y ll. 189l.—Central Standard Time.

GOING NORTH. No. 1 No. 3 No. 5 No.17

P. M. A. M. A. ll.

Cincinnati, Lv _______ __ 4 50 8 05 __________ __
Richmond ____________ __ 7 85 ll 00 __________ __

1>.M. A M

Fort Wayue,Ar ....... -. 10 55 2 15 __________ __
Fort Wayne, Lv._ ..... _. 2 35 ____ _. 8 (X5
Kalamazoo,Ar.._- __--. 6 05 _.____ 1145
Kalamazoo. Lv._. 6 25 5 45 12 35
Grand Rapids. Ar. - 7 25 2 15
Grand Rapids. Lv ................ -. i‘ it‘ 4 oo
Cadillac __________________________ __ 11 50 s 15
id 10:)

Petoskey .......................... __ 3 55 1: g
Mackinaw, Ar ____________________ __ 5 15 A, 1
GOING SOUTH. No_ 3

P I.

8 8)

------------- -- 10 (5

'£.'ii.'
------ -- 7 W
““““““ “ ‘it?
Ar . __-._I: 5 :3
IN-------_-. 5 as
Sine. Ar _______ __ 9 go
L ' - — — - --
.§-.'.:

16.1978 in: aura ftgagiegalopkey and Maokinawou
P‘“"°" 531' '70 Mackinaw on No. 5 from Grand

’*"si§‘.‘.“’*-
Nu ‘ D1118 cars. Grand Rapids to Chicago, (:3
N . tdaily ch £91-and _
All other t.ra'i.iIs ddily exoepgggiih .
C. . WOOD

Allegan, Mich.

have charge of any special inves-

I

quently drouth-resisting qualities

the buds to pass the winter.

a. r. & 1'. An, Grand Rapids.

 
’\>

   
1

APRIL 19.1394.

- T‘ ---.

 
3:.

'1‘-nu on-Aanfonc ‘v IS1'l‘0sR.

 
7

‘GRANGE DIRECTORY,
Patrons Will Find These Firms Reliable and
Can Get Special Prices From Them.

WE HAVE NO AGENTS

3“ “V9 0'1 money on eve hing you eat. wear

-or use. d 8 cents for fnl catalogue.
.§‘w“°..‘“}.“.{‘E ~.:=.9--
_ a as ye. cago.
Mention Grange Visitor. ’

The Smith Implement dz Buggy Cc.. 22 and 24

-East 3d St. Cincinnati.‘ 0. has a contract with

q of Ohio and Indiana to supply their state

and sh goods at wholesale rates when the

order comes un¢_ie>r_the seal of the Grange. We

extend the. same invitation to the Grange of Mich-
Isan. Write for catalog and prices.

PI A Special inducements allthe tim
ANNDO S Svgnd for Cgtalogueg,  Dirge:
eaver rgan min 0.
 Factory. Totrtlz. Pa. Place sea;
range on your e r paper, or sen
9‘0&l:d to secure beneﬁt of special manufact-
urers prices direct to Grangers.

‘l,Tlis Honey Creek Grange Nurseries have
been under contract with the State Grunge of Ohio
for _over ten ‘ears, and have dealt extensively in
Indiana and ichigan also. Special prices sent to
anyone under seal of the Gran e. Give us a trial.
We can save you money. A dress
Isaac Freeman & Son, Rex, Ohio.

PATRONS' OIL WORKS. DERRICK Oil. 00.
l"._ G. BELLAMY. Prop‘r. 'I‘itusv'Llle.'Pa.
Lubricating and Burning Oils of the hi hest
-9113183. at wholesale prices. Try our Elite R
mg , made specially for family use. Write for

prices. Address DERRICK 011. co.,
Titusville, Pa.

OFFICIAL DIRECTORY

Omoexu National Grange.

lAs1'I.B—J. H. BRIGHAM ________ ..Delta. Ohio
:nsr.I:n—E. W. DAVIS .... ..Santa Rosa, Cal.
~ nn—ALPHA MESSER.___Bc hoster. Vt.
B'rxwA.an—M. B. HUNT  ,____Maine
Ass"r S'1'l:wAaD—A. M. BELCHER Rhode Island
Cl.A1>I..AIN—S. L. WILSON ________ ._Mississippi
'I‘nnAsunns—Mas. F. M. MCDOWELL..._N. Y.
&cm.I:'rAizr-—J0HN TRIMBLE Washington, D.C_
A1‘! xm>an—w. E. HARBAI.TGH_._-.Missonri
n.ns——MRS. M. S. BHONE ..... __Pennsylvania
‘POMONA—MBS. MARY REARDON ..... __K.ansas
FLonA—MBS. ANNIE L. BULL ____ __Minnesota
LAD; Ass"r S'rirw’D—MRS. AMANDA HORTON
Michigan.

Executive Committee.
LEONARD RHONE..Center Hall, Penna lvania

 
'8. R. HUTCHINSON__ ___..-____ ..__.. irginia
J. J. WOODMAN ____ ._ __.Paw Paw. Michigan
Oﬂloers Hioldgan -State Grange.
MAs'rirn—G. B. HORTON ......... _.Frnit Ridge

Palmyra
- .-Ypsilanti
S'ruwAaD—A. P. GRAY ..... -_ ,__.Archie
Ass"r S1'icwAin>——J . H. MARTIN, Box 4-12.

CEAPLAIN-MARY A. MAYO ____ .-Battle Cgelek

      
'I‘ansunna—E. A. STRONG ________ __Vicksburg
Siwal.-rAnr—JENNIE BUELL  _.Aun Arbor
Gnu: Kxni=r.a—G E Kalkaskn
Cnm—MARY C

 
’-PouoNA—MBS. A. A. LEIGHTON__-Old Mission
L. A. 8'rzw'i>—MRS. J.H. MARTIN-Grand Rapids

Executive Committee.

Mrs. Mary Sherw

   
In-s. Belle Royce ........................ ..Bar
General Deputy Lecturers.

MARY A. MAYO .................. _.Battle Creek
EON. J. J. WOODMAN.._ ........ _.Paw Paw
U E _ _ . . _ . . _ _ _ _ . _ . .. Coldwater
............. __Battle Creek
S..-.- “Berriep Center

County Deputies.

     
D. H. Stebbins__ _, ____Atwood, Antrim Co.
C_ V, ‘_\'ash____ Bloomii gdale, Allegan “
R B. Reynold __,__ nland, Bennie “
Geo. Bowser -_ ____ _.Dowling, Bar “
James D. Studley _ _ _ _ _ -_Union City, Branc “
R, V, Clark ____________ __Buchanan, Berrien “
§‘W_ Ennert ____________ __St. Johns, Clinton “
_Battle Creek, Calhoun “

 
Charlevoix, Charlevoix “
_Charlevoix, Charlevoix “
_____ __Cassopolis, Cass “
______ __Lansing, Eaton “
Alma, Gratiot “

Isaac Russell ....... __ .. _
john Passmore __________ __Flushin , Genesee
I. 0. Ladd-_..Old Mission, Gran Traverse “

Mrs, E. D. Nokes V\'heatland, I-Iillsdale “

  
R A. Brown, Sand Beach, Huron “
D H. English .__Chandler, Ionia “
F. W. Havens__ __-Fitchburg, lngham “
J, A, Cour-{right _ _ _ _ _ _ __Duck Lake, Jackson “

____ __Rock£ord, Kent “
_Kalkaska, Kalkaska “

‘forth Branch, Lapeer “

Robert Dockery ._.
James Greasen__ _ _ _
I-Iirain Bradshaw _ _

Fred Dean____ Brighton, Livingston “
E. W’. Allis__ __Adrian, Lenawee “
Geo. H. Lestev ___Crystal, Montcalm “
D. R. Van Amberg_____Bear Lake, Manistee “
Jessie E, V\ illiams ____ __Big Rapids, Mecosta “

_ 5_ Lawson ______________ “DISCO, Macomb “
' ill G. Parish__ ____Flat Rock, Monroe “

 
T. . Rodgers _Ravenna, Muskegon
'vV_ VV, Carter Ashland, Newaygo "

Robert Alward _Hudsonville, Ottawa “
R. H. Taylor ____ __Shelb ,_ Oceana “
D. Murlin _____ __ ___Vernon, S iawassee “

 
A. W. Canﬁeld __________ _.Hartsu5, st. Clair “
VVm. B. Lan ley__ _Centerville, St. Joseph “

  
Geo. Edwar s__ _Birch Run, Saginaw “
M. C. Kerr_____ __Carsonville, Sanilac “
Helen A. Fiske_ awrence, Van Buren “
Iohn E. Wilcox __________ __Plyr_n0ut_h. Wayne “
John A. McDougal____Ypsilanti, VV ashtenaw “
R_ C_ Norris ____________ __Cadillac, VVexford “

Revised List 01' Grange Supplies
Kept in the oﬂice of Sec‘y of the

Michigan State Grange

And sent out post-paid on receipt of Cash Order,
over the Seal_of a Subordinate Grange. and the
signature of its Master or See .

Porcelain ballot marbles. per hundred.

Secretary's ledge

Secretary’s

 
I ....... ..

 
record _ . _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - - 35
Treasurer's orders, bound, per hundred__.. . - 35
Secretary’s receipts for dues. per hundred... 35
Treasurer's receipts for dueg, per hundred. . . 35
A plications for membership. perhundred_. 50
Vlfithdrayal cards. per dozen ....... .. 25
Dimite. inenvelo , per doren._.... . .. 25
By-Laws of the tate G-range. single co ies.

 
1oc,per dozen..__ _______ _,_...: ........ .._...

“Glad Echoes." with music. single copies.
25c;psr dou_m.-., ........................ -- 3
Melodies, single copy. 40¢; per done 4 00

 
n
Openingﬁo C d. 2ceach;‘l5c per50; 100.. l 35
Rituals. 7th:ditiI)rn (with combined degrees)
U_z5c each ' per down. ........ . _ §

EEGSSSGBS

so
NA ..°“..i°°J.’§.‘°‘“u...§‘.L‘f.'ll %§’."‘ u......."°’°‘ £’.‘.*§.‘°r‘.’.;'..:::::

' of laws and R '
s....“° "i2°"‘ 1.... "" ' ‘.3523;-‘e’-'.;ei-;."irw;.;«;.;;.;

Wizitefdf prices on gold pins badges, working
tools. staﬁ mountings. seals. ot boxes and any
other grains» supplies-

Address MISS IENNIE BUELL.
ANN Anson. Mica.

CONDUCTED BY “NANCY 1.1;-:1«:.”

Open to all. Contributions and solutions de-
sired. Issued the first and third Thursdays of each
month. Subscriptions 50 cents per year. Address
all puzzle matter to THOMAS A. MXLLAR, 5oo, izth
Street, Detroit, Mich.

XX.

ORIGINAL PUZZLES.

1V0. I29 and I3o——Dfamonds.

l. A letter. 2. A great talker. 3 A sort of base
coin. 4. Ardent. 5. Eng. jurist 1420-81. 6. Af-
fected with leprosy (abs). 7. Noisy, 8. Renders
more slow. 9. Imbeciles. io. Boy's name. ii. A

letter.
Belltm, Tex. G. Wi-iizz.

i. A letter. 2. Village of Belgium. 3. Pilasters.
4. Startles (olvx). 5. A copy. 6. The act of mak-
ing entire. 7. A notchin like that between the
teeth of a saw, in the e go of anything. 8. Act.
9. A tapering bod . I0. A dog ﬁsh. ii. A letter.

W/lite }IOIl.\'g', _ CA[_\'n\:_

No. 1y1.—C/mrade.

When stern I-Iyems’ hand is reigning
O’er the bleak and hoary earth,
And the daylight slowly waning,
Unto even giveth birth.
Pleasant memories returning
Set my weary heart to yearning
For those days of joy and mirth,
\Vhich methinks, I used to know
In the distant long ago.

Are those TOTALS past forever?
May they not to me return?
Wild-eyed Fate has answered never,
\Vith an air of unconcern.
Never, never, oh, what sadness!
Cruel world, I'm urged to madness!
VVhy my humble PRIMAL spurn?
Are you FINE, I ne'er shall know
Jo 5 like those of long ago.?
Soul}: A ckrunrtll, N. H. GRANITE P0sER.
No. 132-Daulvle Lethr Emgrma.
The TOTAL “of the oorest” lot,
The “ hapless FINE ‘ is ONE

“ For grzmder” Scions with him taught,

Yet wins on learning-‘s crumbs.

Salrm, IV. H.

No, l_;;—Slzzr.

i and 9 are letters. 2. Look. 3, Attacked. 4.
Becomes less. 5. A bamboo frame. 6. Verbal
expression. 7. Part of the arm. 8. Like.

.-llorgrmz Park, Ill. COLUMBIA.

No. 134—Diama7zd.

I. A letter, 2. French physician. ((1. 1532, Bi/'.)
3. To beat. 4. An orb. 5. Village Loirs, France,
(Bi'.) 6. Meeting. 7. Ladies’ capes. 8. Contests.
9. Spirits. io. Musical syllables. ii. A letter.

Brooklyzz, N. I". PHIL O. SOPHER.

Pnornus.

SOLUTIONS TO BRAIN WORK XVII.

No. 111. No. 112.

I N S TATE F
NACARAT BAM

SC APT I A RACED
TAPP I NG RESIDED
ART I S TE BASILICON
TA INT ER FACILITATED
ETAGERE MEDITATED

DECATUR
DOTER
NED
D
No. 114. No. 113.
R
PAP Bur—den.
CEDES
CORSNED
PERFIDIES No. 115.
RADSIVILLOV
PENDICLES Boer, bore, robe.
SEILLES
DELES
SOS
V

SOLVERS T0 BRAIN WORK XVI AND XVII.
Calvin, 5; Phil 0. Sopher and Sappho,

Odﬂ 3; Granite Poser, Flactem, H. Ennis, G.

Whizz, Bourgeos, Sylvester, Vettruina, Es
Osmy, Attossa, Milburne, Dlck Graver,
H. S. Nut, Grace B. 2; Lily May, Dainty
Dell, Picturesque Pete, Columbia, Terf-
mop, A. Noah, Grace Darling, Winnie
Winn, Canadian Boy, Nany Lee, Jack Lit-
tle, 1.
PRIZE WINNERS.

Calvin and Phil 0. Sopher.

These prizes were offered by Granite
Poser.

Prize winners for solvers to Nos. XVII
and XVIII, as offered by us, will be an-
nounced in our next issue.

CHAT.

Our prize contest for forms is open until
May 1.

Arthur R. Leonard, (Terfmop) has re-
moved to Wareham, Mass. Calvin, we will
always remember you for your kindness.
Phil 0. Sopher, Granite Poser, and all other
puzzlers could make us happy by sending
us some good forms. No. 24 will be Brain
Work’s birthday, we would like to receive
some extra good forms for that issue. All
contributions intended for that issue must
reach us by May 25. Cinders has our
thanks for “ cons.” They just reached us
as we commenced this chat, will start using
them in our next. Would you like a nicely
executed picture of Washington puzzlers,
embracing Nyas. K. T. Did, Guidon, Alum-
nus, Damon, Eugene, R. 0. Chester, and A.
P. Rinter? If so, send ﬁfteen cents to
Charles H. Coons, 32 Ohio National Bank,
Washington, D. C. The above group
picture of puzzlers is really worth $1.00 to
any puzzler. N0. 4 of The Detroit Puzzler
will contain headers by Thos. McGinty,
Frantz and Cinders. Our space is up. Be
sure and send solutions.

NANCY LEE.

A REVIEW.

TO THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF
WESTERN POMONA GRANGE.

Once more it becomes my duty
as Master of this Grange to submit
to you my annual report.

In regard to the work of the past
year most of you are as familiar
with it as I. Four meetings have
been held, the first or annualmeet-

°° ing being held at Tallmadge, at

which time the election of oﬂicers
took place; there was also a class
of ﬁve initiated into the mysteries
of the ﬁfth degree which, I believe
are the only members admitted
during the year. The next meeting
was held at Trent, in May. This
was a very busy time with many
and the attendance was not large
but the time however, was fully

and proﬁtably occupied. In August
we met at Hudsonville, and in Oc-
tober at Herrington. Both of these
meetings were well attended and an
interesting literary program pre-
sented.

These meetings are a source of
enjoyment for all, and I think the
social, educational, and recreative
advantages afforded are fully appre-
ciated, but I would like to ask if
our whole duty to the Grange ends
here? We read in the constitution
of the National Grange that “ Dis-
trict or County Granges shall have
charge of the education and busi-
ness interests of the Order in their
respective districts, and shall on-
courage, strengthen and aid the
Subordinate Granges represented
therein.” In these respects and in
extending the Order beyond its
present limits I do not think we
have done all we could or ought,
and hope some action will be taken
whereby our ﬁeld of usefulness may
be increased.

The past year has been adverse
to Grange work in many respects,
and yet the Grange throughout the
state has held its own. By a united
effort the coming year may be made
one of general prosperity.

In this work we are assured of
the hearty co-operation of the State
Grange through its officials and have
an able advocate in that brighest of
papers, the GBANGEVISITOB, which
all should read. With these to
cheer us on let us awake to the
situation and put forth our best
efforts and a. year hence may we be
able to show that our elforts have
not been in vain.

Respectfully submitted,

MELVIN S. SMITH,
Master.

 
THE PRESS.

Brother Perry Mayo is said to
be responsible for the following:

The press is mightier than the
sword; it is also heavier. It is
likewise more powerful than the pen,
except the gold pen which is more
powerful and the pigpen which is
stronger. The most powerful press
known is the gentle press about
her waist, on the front porch in the
moonlight. This press should
never be used by young or inex-
perienced persons,.as it is liable to
cause palpitstion, more commonly
known as heart best. This is a
genuine blood beet, but is not a
good variety for farmers to raise.
It is said to be worse than a dead
beat, or our present state officers.

There are various kinds of
presses; but the most prominent
are the political press, the religious
press, the non-partisan press, the
agricultural press, the hay press,
the cider press, and the GRANGE
VISITOR. We formerly had another
important press called the press of
business, but this has been abol-
ished by legislative enactment,
and we have in its place our press-
ing necessities. There is also the
express. This is managed by a. lot
of farmers who make money by
watering their stock. As we are
pressed for ideas we will close this
article in haste.

A SPARTAN IDEA.

How often we read what others
write, and think ah, me, its all well
for them but no such inspiration
comes to me. Others tell of vic-
tories gained or laurels won, of foes
conquered or wonders done, and
we say if it were true of us we
would write too, but we must be
silent because we never climbed the
hill of fame, we are only common
men. I think farmers too often
underestimate their own abilities
and talents and look for great
minds and deep thought in men of
other classes; but history tells us
that some of the great and talent-
ed of earth were reared on the
farm. Then lift up your heads,
despondent yeoman! Gather the
fruits and till the soil. He who
planted the garden of Eden has a
reward for those that toil. It’s
only a narrow, conceited mind that
looks down on a farmer because
he lives in the country and works
for a. living. The man or woman who
despises the laborer shows a want
of common sense and forgets that
everything that is produced is the
result of more or less labor.
Physical labor produces food and
clothing for the body and is the
increase of wealth. It develops
the treasures in earth and on water.
Labor induces men and women to
be better citizens, and but few are
so ignorant as not to feel their
dependence on one another, and

this feeling produces harmony and
increases happiness and sociability.

It behooves everybody to study,
to learn, to improve. So all classes
have, or should have their schools,
and the Grange is a ﬁtting school
for farmers. Experience teaches,
and by relating our experience and
giving an interchange of ideas we
are convinced and convince others
of better methods, be it in labor or
social relations. We don’t boast,
but our Grange work tends to edu-
cate and to elevate all who come
within our doors, the young and
the old, male and female, one great
family willing to teach and be
taught.

Our subordinate Grange meets
in a village and is one of 12 differ-
ent secret societies, but of course
We think our Grange a. little the
best. Among our members are three
with “ Hon.” preﬁxed. Our pres-
ent Master was last year a member
of the “ house of law,” and we
have two members on the editorial
staff, wide awake witty fellows, as
all editors are. In fact every mem-
ber is honorable and a good citizen.
We have a class of young who are
not behind the times. South Sparta
Grange is marching on.

SECRETARY.

 
QUITE TRUE.

This indifference to obtaining
the best knowledge for use on the
farm is undoubtedly the prime rea-
son for the condition in which
many of our farmers ﬁnd them-
selves. Agriculture is a calling in
which can be proﬁtably used more
knowledge than in any other occupa-
tion, and when it can be obtained
without money or price who is to
blame that people do not have it?
Some may take exception to this
gentle scoring but the truth of the
statement remains nevertheless.

The Grange organization, of
which every farmer could well
afford to become a member, has a.
few farmers and their wives who
hold the order together. A series
of meetings could proﬁtably be
held in this village during the win-
ter months, at which much valua-
able information could be obtained,
and which would be very pleasant
as Well as proﬁtable. Let many
of our representative farmers spend
some thought upon this matter and
act upon it. There is strength in
organization and pleasure as well
as proﬁt in meeting your neigh-
bors. No one ever attended a meet-
ing of this kind who did not go
away improved.~—Rave1ma Times.

 
SCRAPS FROM TRAVERSE POMONA.
Judge Monroe said he was sick
of the old system of voluntary or
assessed highway labor. With 25
per cent of the money thus spent
he could do the same amount of
work. He was in favor of the
county system. Farmers were
standing in their own light when
they neglected any opportunity to
improve the country roads, espec-
ially if the towns and cities of the
county were willing to pay the
greater share of the expense.
Some of the causes of the defeat
of the county system at the polls
last spring were touched upon,
prominent among them being the
natural distrust and jealousy com-
monly existing against the cities
when any new scheme was pro-
posed by them, also the fact that
it is necessary to be careful about
selecting men from the cities to
further and push a scheme.

Wm. D.R Bggley, ind an able
aper on “ ea ing” sai :

p Remember that Pres. Garﬁeld
said that Americans read too many
newspapers and too few books.
Remember also and take for a.
pattern his practice of reading at
home; of getting the mgmbers 0:
his family together an one 0
them reading aloud and the others
listening and commenting on what
was read. This practice is
valuable in many ways. It makes
home attractive, and is vastly
better than the too common prac-
tice of the members of_ the family
scattering in all directions for the
evening in quest of amusement,
thereby acquiring a distaste for
home, contracting habits including
one not very often considered, that
of irregular and scanty sleep, “that
knits up the reveled sleeve of
care.” It increases affection of the
family for each other, it makes
good readers and, what is just as
rare and important, good listeners.
For who cares to read aloud to
persons that are doing anything

but listenin . The habit of listen-
ing once we I established, estimates
and utilizes observation, strength-
ens memory, ’and enables us to
digest what we hear while hear-
ing it, to decide whether it is truth
or falsehood. It enables us to
concentrate our attention on one
thing to the exclusion of all other
things, a. faculty, which when well
developed, is of lasting importance
in all mental effort and is especially
valuable in business.

All the men and women who have
made their mark in the world as
writers or public speakers have
ﬁrst been constant and careful
readers. For no person can teach
others what he has not himself
learned, and reading for pastime
and in a desultory manner is of
little beneﬁt: it is like eating con-
fectionery, pleasant to the taste
for the moment only. Those who
have contracted the habit of read-
ing in 8. haphazard manner, and
who wish for better things will
ﬁnd it no easy matter to make the
change, but perseverance and dis-
cussing what we read of this better
class of literature with those of
our friends who are already well
grounded in it, will soon create in
us a lasting desire to “hold fast
that which is good.”

 
WILL APPLY TO MICHIGAN.

“ PATRONS AND FRIENDS OF THE
GRANGE.——It seems to me that a
strong effort should be made by all
who are interested in Grange work
to increase the number of Grauges
in this state. The Grange is now
popular with all classes in the com-
munity, and, with proper effort on
the part of state deputies and
officers of Pomona and Subordinate
Granges, assisted by the member-
ship, there ought to be a large in-
crease in the number of Granges
and in membership during the
present year. To accomplish this
desired end will require some
sacriﬁce of time and effort on the
part of our Grange Workers; but
the sacriﬁces which we may make
of time and effort in this direction
will be fully compensated by the
consciousness of doing on r duty
and being co-workers with others
in the effort to increase the pros-
perity and happiness of the farm-
ing population of our state. Every
member of a Grange should con-
sider himself or herself as specially
invited and authorized to canvass
the ﬁeld for new Granges and re-
cruits for existing Granges. Let
the canvass be made in every direc-
tion; ask your neighbors to join
the Grange; drive to the neighbor-
ing towns and interview the best
farmers in regard to the Grange if
none exists in town, and write to
your friends in all parts of the
state where there are no Granges,
and ask if there is not some desire
for an organization. Advantage
should be taken of every oppor-
tunity to gain information in this
direction; and the master of the
state Grange, or the nearest deputy,
should at once be notiﬁed of any
willingness or desire of farmers in
any part of the state for 9. Grange
organization.

“ The cause is a noble one, and
the inﬂuence of the Granges is up-
lifting in all its tendencies. The
farmers of Vermont need the
Grange, and the Grange needs all
the farmers and their families. We
want the best men in the Grange
to assist in developing and making
proper use of the social and educa-
tional features of the order, for the
beneﬁt of the rural population of
our state. Our farming population
should use every opportunity with-
in their reach to properly develop
the social element in their natures
and to educate themselves, not only
in the various lines which relate to
farm work and farm production,
but also in those lines of education
which relate to their duties and
responsibilities as citizens. A
united movement all along the line
cannot fail of good results. Let
us labor together for this end.”

Fraternally.
ALPHA MESSER.
M aster Vt. State Grange.

 
AFTER EIGHT YEARS USE.

Zlliama Ca., 0., March 29, 1894.
MR. 0. W. INGERSOLL:

DEAR S1R——I painted my house in 1886
with your Liquid Rubber Paint, and want
to tell you how it is wearing. It still looks
as if it would stand several years longer
without repainting.

Yours truly,
D. M. Corrocx.

[See Adv. Ingersoll’s Liquid Rubber
Paints.—~ED.]

 
..o...~.- .......- .- ...,..... .. . . . .... ...-...x . _.

pl:
.-
Ls,
I
..
L

 
run can-Non-svrsrron.

IIILLSDALE POMONA.

Hillsdale Pomona held its April
meeting with Adams Grange. There
was a good attendance. A number
of Grauges reported accessions;
one new Grange was organized at
Hanover with 41 charter members
and with 10 applications, with more
to follow. ‘

Welcome address by Brother
Tell Travis, master of Adams
Grange. He reviewed the past of
the Order and drew encouragement
from its present steady and appar-
ently permanent growth.

Response was by Brother Strait,
master of Pomona. He said that
Pomona never meets but that it
leaves a salutary inﬂuence, and if
a cause is worthy of our labor at all
it is worthy of our very best efforts.

A paper was read by Sister Clark

on the subject, “ Are we educating
our children too much?” The ob-
jection to our present system was
long hours and often close conﬁne-
ment in illy ventilated rooms and
going over and over again the
same books for eight or nine years
until the child is ﬁfteen. Then the
cramming system commences just
when rest is need. The boys are
at once turned into men and the
girls become fearfully old. They
should be made familiar with their
books much as they were with
their homes, by pleasant rambles
over them. Many of our greatest
statesmen were never subject to
this cramming system.

Bro. Moore said that there is too
much required that is not essen-
tial, to the detriment of the useful
and practical. There is a tendency
to force.

Brother Strait: Any system of
enforced education is detrimental.
We can see this illustrated in any
attempt to force nature. We
should not cultivate the mental to
the detriment of the physical.

A paper by Brother Walworth
was on “ Life insurance in the
Grange.” Said it would be in har-
mony with the principles of our
Order. It is the fatherless and the
widow we are to care for, but it dis

to forget duty. The reme y
ﬂ insurance. It has been a suc-
cess iu other organizations. It
would be an inducementto join the
Grange. _

Brother Nokes said: I am inter-
ested in another order. I think it
would be a good thing in the
Grange. The Grange is so exten-
sive, it might become national in
its features.

Brother Davis asked the ques-
tion: Does your order comply in
its insurance department with the
laws of the state, and is it incor-
porated?

Brother Nokes: No; if we did
we would have to have a ﬁxed cap-
ital. It is run alone on honor.

Bro. Strait: I don’t want to
belong to any organization that I
have to die to win. Life insurance
organizations are founded on self-
ishness, and honor is not to be
trusted. The rich don’t need it,
and the poor often 'can’t meet

their engagements and never can
afford litigation to recover.

Brother Patterson: I have had
enough of it. It is a place for oili-
cials to get rich.

Brother Davis: What if the
Grange should die. Insurance
companies have got rich out of the
people. You would have to die
young or you are out.

Brother Moore: It goes on the
principle of mutual help. And ex-
axamples of its beneﬁcial results
are all around us. The Grange
isn’t going to die. But it is a

uestion whether it would be bene-
cial in the Grange at present.

Sister Clark: The benevolent
and charitable features of these
institutions are not very conspicu-
ous when they take in the sound
and young and reject the sick and
lame.

Brother Rockwcod: It’s a good
thing to let alone. It’s all right as
long as you can pay assessments,
but when you can’t you are out.
It’s a good place for a board of
officials to get rich out of the
masses.

Sister N okes: When a member
can’t pay his assessment he can
commence to draw back.

Bro. Moore: If these associa-
tions should eventually fail, we get
our pay as we go along by the
sense of security we enjoy while

they last.

Sister Hunker read a paper on
the control of liquor, which brought
out a sharp discussion too long to

Recitations were given by Emma
Edwards, Sister Alice Pease, Miss
Perrin, Miss Florence Huff, Miss
Bell Whitney, Miss Mary Kirby
and Master Boy Huff. Our next
meeting will be held at the G. A.
R. Hall in Hillsdale, if not changed
to Allen Grange. Due notice will
be given through papers if "it is so

changed.
W. KIRBY.

Notices of Meetings.

INGHAM POMONA GRANGE -

will be held with Willamston Grange April
20 and 21, 1894.
FRIDAY, 2 P. M.

Music, V\'illiamston Grange.

Address of welcome, VV. R. Jackson, \\'ilIiam-
ston.

Response, Geo. Proctor. \Vhite Oak.

Grange Growth, Hon. I. H. Forstei, V\'illiam-
ston.

Recitation, The cry of to-day, Pierce Proctor,
Plainﬁeld.

S.-\TL'RDAY, 9:30 A. M.

Mlisic.

Wliait I saw at the \\'orld’s Fair, Mrs. A. C.
I.zi\vrence, Fitchburg.

Recitation.

Money situation in the United States, W’. O. Hed-
rick, M. A. C. >

Recitation, Mrs. G. C. Davis, M. A. C.

Music. Dinner at 12.

1:30 1*. M.

Gr:1ugeTemper:1nce work. I. A. Curtis, Fitch-
burg.
Recitation.
What sort of reading should :1 farmer have in his
house, K. L. Butterﬁeld. Lansing.
Clover insects, G. C. Davis, M. A. C.

Friday evening, 7:30, a ﬁfth degree meet-
ing will be held for the transaction of busi-
ness and conferring the ﬁfth degree. All
other sessions open to the public, who are
invited to attend and take part in the dis-
cussions.

\VM. A. OLDS, Lecturer.

Grange News.

Correspondents, and all Patrons indeed, are re-
quested to send us postal cards giving some news
jottin ,—anything of interest to you. It will inter-
est ogiers. Please also send short answers to
some or all of the following questions. I-{el us
to make this the most valuable column in the '15-
ITOR.

1. flow is your Grange prospering?

2. Have you manv young peo Ie?

3. \Vhat do outsiders think 0 your Grange and
its work?

4, VVh:it diﬁiculties do you meet?

5. \Vhat are your prospects?

6. VVhat is most needed in Grunge work in your
vicinity?

7. In what way are your members most beneﬁted
bv belonging to the Grange?

Michigan.

OBITUARY.

Died at her home in Courtland, March
x7, Mrs. Ida Whittall, aged 37 years and
six months; a charter member of Court-
land Grange No. 563.

Onstead Grange No. 279, passed appro-
priate resolutions expressive of their deep
sense of lose in the death of their beloved
sister, Martha Daniels.

 
POSTAL IOTTINGS.

Williamston Grange held a newspaper
social and sends 10 new names to the
VISITOR as a result. ‘

Everything is running very smoothly in
Girard Grange No. 136. They have a
large number of young folks in their
Grange, and among them have formed a
ﬁne orchestra.

Ashland Grange 545, is alive yet. They
recently conferred the degrees on three
new members. Recently they held a feast
with visitors from Trent and Hesperia
Granges. A few weeks ago they had a
quotation and basket social, the proceeds of
which went to help pay for a new carpet
which was recently purchased.

EXCELSIOR GRANGE

No. 692, Kalkaska county, held an open
meeting at the Congregational church on
the evening of March 16. The church
was ﬁlled to overﬂowing. There is much
good talent within the jurisdiction of this
Grange, which assisted by Brother A. E,
Palmer of Boardman Valley Grange, who
gave the principal address of the evening,
made the meeting a great success, and at
its close eleven names were handed in for
membership, and still others said they
should join the Grange as soon as circum-
stances would permit.

Brother Palmer, who has become one of
the ablest speakers on agricultural topics
in this section of the state, is richly enti-
tled to public acknowledgment of his val-
uable services ‘to the farmers of Kalkaska
county.

BOOMING.

For the good of the Order and to encour-
age others to persevere in the work of the
Grange, Orion Grange reports to her sister
Granges of Michigan what a determined
effort with united action will do for the
advancement of the noble principles of the
Order of Patrons of Husbandry.

The past winter has been spent -In a. con-
test, made by choosing sides; every member
chosen; credits by counts of points given
for prompt attendance, quotations with au-
thors, essays, recitations, select reading,
dialogues, songs, new members, reinstate-
ment, and subscribers to GRANGE Vrsrroa
outside of Grange. The side scoring the
most points by April 7, 1894, to sit at first
table of a maple sugar festival and waited
on by the losing side. Result: We have
added 38 new members to our Grange, re-
instated 5, have sent for 70 copies of
GRANGE Visiroa, paid for out of Grange
funds. Saturday, April 7, we held our
sugar festival, about 150 present. A hap-
pier, more social, and jolly gathering is
seldom, experienced, than we had on that
occasion. There has been great interest
manifested with good attendance during
the contest. The intellectual exercises
have been of a high order, and our Grange
has enjoyed an intellectual feast coupled
with very ﬁne social enjoyment. Our

report. By request of the Grange
the article goes to the Visrron.

Grange new numbers about 14 5 members.

United States, go and do likewise. The
principles of our Order are worthy of the
effort.

HIRAM ANDREWS.

SUGAR SOCIAL.

DeVVitt Grange held a sugar social March
17. The evening was ﬁne, the su ar deli-
cious, the attendance large. Over 9 worth
of sugar was sold. All present reported an
enjoyable time. De Witt Grange expects
to become the banner Grange for good
order and observance of parliamentary
rules. The members have pledged them-
selves to pay strict attention to correct
rules and if one happens to break over the
laws they are to be called to order with
perfect good nature. This is a right step
in the right direction. What is worth doing
at all is worth doing well.

Clinton county! favors the tri-county
picnic at the Agricultural College in Au-
gust. Let all Patrons boom the picnic
question.

Mns. C. L. PEARCE.

DANBY GRANGE

No. 185, is a live, active Grange, consisting
of about 70 members. We hold our meet-
ings every two weeks on Wednesday even-
ing, and have a literary program to be
carried out each evening in which the chil-
dren that are not old enough to join the
Grange can take part, which makes it very
interesting. We had a. newspaper social
and also a literary program March 30, con-
ducted by the committee on woman’s work.
The program was somewhat lengthy and
and very nicely rendered, and quite satis-
factory to the Grange, as the admission fee
amounted to $10.75.

The ladies of the Grange furnished a
lunch April 2 for the voters of the town of
Danby, and succeeded in adding seven dol-
lars more to their ﬁnancial account.

The committee on woman’s work are
contemplating a fair and festival to be held
at the Grange hall this fall.

Danby Grange has a list of names for
the VISITOR that will be sent in soon.
MR5. AMELIA PEAKE, Cor.

TRIBUTE TO A PATRON.

Miss Olivia]. Carpenter, of Dimondale,
ﬁlled Rev. Dickerman’s appointment at the
Universalisl church on Sunday, he being
still ill. She took our people, as she did
those of Lansing, by storm, many declaring
that they never had a greater feast of rea-
son in a single day. Miss Carpenter is not
unknown to many Eaton county people, as
she is an active member of the Pomona
Grange. Her activity in several reforms
which she is proud to champion, has given
her much experience in the life work upon
which she is entering with so much prom-
ise of eminent success.—Clzarlotte Trilmne.

 
New York.

Regarding our Grange, I would say that
it is not dead, only a little sleepy, and there-
fore is not accomplishing all it might under
somewhat different circumstances. Prob-
able cause, lack of perfect harmony at all
times. The social part i§'é'nTphasized mod-
erately. We have appointed at each meet-
ing several persons who are to furnish
something of interest for the good of the
Order, and have quite a library of books on
promiscuous subjects. We discuss our own
lodge matters. We have trade arrange-
ments by card, but do not use them. There
are no store arrangements to use here, I
wish there was. The prospects for Grange
growth among us here are good, though
but little is being done.
I. W, HUBBARD.

Panama, N. T.

 
BOOK REVIEWS.

Anyone who desires to become really
familiar with American history can not
neglect the relations that have existed be-
tween our country and foreign govern-
ments. Several incidents of late also in-
crease the necessity for information regard-
ing our foreign relations. The prolonged
Bering sea dispute, the Chilian diﬂiculty,
the Hawaiian question, the Blueﬁelds inci-
dent, can much better be understood if one
knows what the history of our diplomacy
has been. A recent article in one of our
leading magazines deals with the possibility
of reform in our consular service. This is
a. question that is quite sure to come up
for discussion in a very prominent way.
Senator Morgan of Alabama has a bill in
the United States senate providing for an
entire reconstruction of our consular sys-
tem, evidently believing that its efficiency
can be improved by making it more stable
and less expensive. A book that ﬁts into
the want for such information as we have
mentioned came to our desk recently. It
is a Chautauqua book, written by William
Eleroy Curtis, published by Flood & Vin-
cent, Meadville, Pa., costs $1.00, and is en-
titled, “ The United States and Foreign
Powers.” It is designed for the people, is
not long nor exhaustive, but is complete,
recent, and entertaining.

 
Assessor’s Manual.

The title page of a little book just issued
reads as follows: Wrights Assessor's
Manual, 3. guide to the assessment of taxes
"under the Michigan tax law of 1893 by
Edward J. Wright; with applied notes from
three hundred decisions by the supreme
court. This neat volume is intended as an
aid to supervisors and assessors in perform-
ing their duties in a more uniform and sat-
isfactory manner, under the somewhat
complicated tax law of 1893. Mr. Wright
has given a good deal of study to matters
of this kind, is well posted in the actual
work of the assessors, as well as in the
nature of the tax laws and the decisions of
the supreme court. In addition, he is a.
thorough worker, and has gone to the bot-
tom of his subject. This is evidenced in
the fact that he has condensed so much into
so little, for it is harder to condense than it
is to amplify.

This book is intended for practical use.
In the introductory the author says:

“ It is sought herein to present (Ist) some
general principles, an understanding of
which is necessary to the proper assessment
of taxes in general; (zd) notes of such de-
cisions of the supreme court of Michigan

To the Grange of Michigan and the

   
BIIIIIISSIIIII

0OL~l-WOOL+WOOL+WOOl.+WOOI.+VlOOI.-1*-WOO

conﬁdence and

with wool growers and the trade.
our reliability is vouched for by cm-
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copy?
THE BUYERS GUIDE

lllto H6

Is a book containing illustrations, prices and
descriptions of 30,000 articles in common u_se,
a book that will show you at a glance if you
are paying too much for the goods you are

WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU?

Is it worth the 15 CENTS in stamps re-
quired to pay postage or express charges on a

AND CATALOGUE (issued

every March and September) is the book we
are talking about: you are not safe without a
copy of the latest edition in the house.

MONTGOMERY WFIRD & CO.,

Michigan Ave., Chicagu

In writing mention Tun GRANGE VISITOR.

authorities as are applicable to the tax law
of 1893, these notes being arranged in con-
nection with the text of the law so far as it
relates to assessments and being supple-
mented by observations by the author; ( 3d)
statutory provisions governing the taxation
of such corporations, associations, etc., as
are affected by the several statutes to which
reference is made; (4th) an index to the
provisions of the statutes other than the
general tax law which relate to the assess-
ment of taxes, (:1) in townships, (b) in cities
incorporated under the general act, (c) in
villages incorporated under the general act,
((1) in villages incorporated by supervisors,
and (e) in school districts.”

The price is one dollar per single volume.
In lots of ten or more, 75 cents per volume;
in orders of twenty or more, 50 cents per
volume. Address orders to Mr. Edward J.
Wright, Lansing, Michigan.

SPRAYING FRUIT TREES PAYS.

We have just received a handsome il-
lustrated catalog on the subject of
spraying fruit trees from the P. 0. Lewis
Manufacturing Co., of Catskill, N. Y.
This book is full of valuable information
on this subject and should be in the
hands of every one interested in raising
good fruit. The above ﬁrm will send the
book postpaid and absolutely free to all
who apply. This ﬁrm are pioneers in
the manufacture of spray pumps. They
are thoroughly reliable. They make a
specialty of the New Wonder Spray
Pump, which they are selling at $6.00,
express paid. This pump makes three
complete brass machines. They have
now sold about 60,000 of them. They
guarantee the pump to do as much and
as good work as any $10 or $15 spray
pump on the market, or money refunded.
You would therefore take no possible
risk in ordering one of these pumps on
trial. Parties intending to buy a spray
pump should write them for their cata

log and illustrated book on spraying be-
fore purchasing, mentioning the GRANGE
VISITOR.

“The Progress of the World” of the
April Review of Reviews contains a time-
ly discussion of the question why the
English game of politics is more exciting
than the American game. This question
is suggested anew by the resignation of
Mr. Gladstone and the intense interest
aroused by that episode among Ameri-
cans, to the partial neglect of Washing-
ton politics. Other topics covered in
“ Progress of the World ” are, the Seign-
iorage bill, ﬁlibustering in Congress, the
outlook for bimetallism, the Wilson bill in
the Senate, Louisiana and free sugar, the
Senate report on Hawaii, the triumph of
the Brazilian republic, the Blueﬁelds in-
cident, the prosecution of election crimes,
the present positions of the Democratic
and Republican parties, the ﬁght against
the House of Lords, the Russo-German
commercial treaty, the services of the late
Dr. Poole of Chicago, the death of Louis
Kossuth, and many matters of interna-
tional interest.

 
The advertising agency of N. W. Ayer
& Son, Philadelphia, is unquestionably
the largest and probably the best equip-
ped of any in the United States. It has
more and larger patrons than any other,
and, taking one thing with another, it is
questionable whether they are not enti-
tled to the credit of securing for their
patrons better service than can be count-
ed on from any other. It should be, and
doubtless is, a great source of pride and
satisfaction to Mr. Ayer and Mr. Mc-
Kinney that they have been able while
remaining in Philadelphia, to build up a
larger advertising business than has ever
been secured before by any advertising

and of principles laid down by recognized

  
agency in New York or elsewhere.-
Printers’ Ink. '

THE NEW REGULATION BADGE

Adopted by the National Grange Nov. 24,
1893. is manufactured by
THE \VHITEHEAD & IIOAG CO.,
Newark, N. J.,

Under contract with the Executive Committee
of the National Grange. Sample sent to any
Secretary under seal of Grange. free of charge.
Write for catalogue.

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ALLIANCE CARRIAGE 00., CINCINNATI. 0.

  
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The Arena closes its ninth volume
with the May issue. The Arena has
made steady progress; its circulation hav-
ing increased during the panic, and it has
necessarily been enlarged to one hundred
and forty-four pages. There is, also, in
addition to this, the book reviews, which
cover over twenty pages, making in all a
magazine of over one hundred and sixty
pages. The steady increase in circula-
tion of this $5 magazine during a period
of unprecedented ﬁnancial depression
shows how deep rooted and far reaching
is the unrest and social discontent; for
this review has steadfastly given audience
to the views of the social reformers of
the various schools of thought.

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