VOL. XIX, N0. 11. LANSING, MICHIGAN, JUNE 7, 1894. WHOLE N0. 443. STATE DEPARTMENTS. Brief Description of the Work in Several Departments of the State Government. [VVe invite our readers to ask any questions they may wish in regard to the details of work, conduct, 0r.expense of any department which we have already described in this series of articles. \’Ve shall be glad to reply to the best of our ability. through the \'xsi'roR.] Auditor General’s Department. The work of this department is so various and so little understood by most citizens, that we shall have to condense largely and trust to future inquiries to bring out the details. We quote partially from the Michigan manual, in summing up the duties of the auditor general: He states accounts and examines and liquidates claims against the state in cer- tain cases; examines, adjusts, and settles claims in favor of the state; examines state treasurer’s accounts monthly, and counter- signs receipts of state treasurer, keeps a register of the number and amount of state bonds, and rate of interest thereon, and where payable, and files all canceled bonds in his oflice; audits and files accounts of state institutions, receives and files bonds of registers in chancery, plats of towns, cit- ies, and villages, reports of telegraph and mining companies, approves bonds of county treasurers, commissioner of insur- ance, and medical superintendents of asy- lums for the insane; prepares and furn- ishes blanks for the use of state institu- tions, county treasurers, and others; is a member of seven or eight boards. He also estimates and charges specific tax on cor- porations, and issues a warrant for collect- ion if not paid. He apportions the state tax, and ‘ ransmits appoi-tionments to clerks of boards of supervisors; prepares and files petitions in chancery for the sale of lands delinquent for taxes; prepareslists of such lands and designates papers to publish the same; receives returns of sales, and exe- cutes deeds to purch asers; renders statement of accounts between the state and each county, transmits monthly to county treas- urers lists of lands on which taxes have been paid, and also lists of lands bid off to the state which have been sold during the preceding month. DIVISIONS. Roughly the office work is divided as follows: General business division, pre- sided over by the deputy and transacting the general business of the department. Every bill (voucher) for the payment of any money from the state treasury is paid only on warrant from the auditor general. These warrants are drawn in this division. All transactions are checked with the treas- urer. Money for taxes, though nominally sent directly to the treasury, is frequently sent to the auditor general’s office. Look up deed and general tax division, includes the purchase and pay division, and takes care of the work relating to the looking up of titles. The sale of tax titles is looked after in this division. _ _ Abstract and redemption division: a title that explains the work done there. _Cer- tification of abstracts is made in this di- vision. _ Delinquent tax division. The delinquent tax lists are made in December. These lists may contain as many as 200,000 de- scriptions a year. _ The accountant’s office. The apportion- ment of taxes is made here. Pay rolls and expense accounts of all state institutions are filed in this office. EXPENSES. The pay roll of this department for January, 1894, was as follows. It is about the same now. Auditor General . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - » — - - - - -~ $3v°"° 2,000 Deputy Auditor General . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Accountant ....... 2-""0 Private Secretary _ H600 Chief clerk . . . , . . . . . . . .. 1:300 Clerk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H200 3 clerksat____ 1.100 69 clerks nt.. . - - - - - - - - - ~- ':°°° 24 clerks at_. - - - ~ -- 9°" 1 clerk _ . _ . .. . -.- - - - - - - - -- 720 i clerk . , . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ”°° For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, the salaries were as follows: Salaries of officers who get above $i,oo0——iiiClude5 all whose ay is determined by l:iw.........-----$ 14.300 00 40.673 05 Total salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . - - . - - - . . . . . . . - - - - - -- $54.97.? 05 The clerical force averages about 80 during the year, sometimes being as low as 60, and at present being about 90. The average clerk begins with $50 a month, Salaries of c erks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - and the pay is raised as merit warrants. Lady clerks receive $900 a year, and gentle- men $1,000, as maximum pay. The general expenses were as follow: General allowance _ . _ _ . . _ _ . , _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , _ , , _ , _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_ $ 1,477 3; Printing ............................ .. 5,030 35 Binding ___________________________________________ _, 550 07 Stationery . - . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . , _ . _ _ I .. 5,824 oi Total - - - - - . - - - - - - - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ _ _ . _ _ __ $12,982 2; Salaries .......................................... ._ 54,973 o5 1 ' 0 Received fees for plats filed _ _ , _ _ , _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ V _ _, $67 .31, Total cost of department fiscal year ending June 30. I393 ....................................... .. $67,568 30 The report of the auditor general for 1888 shows that up to that date, under the old tax law, the excess of income over ex- penses in collecting delinquent taxes had been $886,527.90. The State Land Oflice. The state land office contains some of the most valuable records to be found in any of the state departments. The original government surveys of all the lands in the state, and township maps made from these surveys, are to be found in a fire-proof vault in the office. A draughtsman and two assistants are kept busy copying these for the use of the office, for county sur- veyors, townships, and individuals desiring them. Lands have been granted to the state at different times by the United States, and such lands have been classified as primary school, normal school, university, agricult- ural college, asylum, salt spring, state building, internal improvement, and swamp lands. These lands are for sale at the state land office at various prices and upon dif- ferent terms, controlled by statutes. About «1bT€J,OO0 per year is now I‘t‘a'11ZE1\.l'i.i'u;;i£’ original sales, and annually $25,000 is paid into the ofiice on the interest on lands sold on part payment. The interest on part paid lands is to be paid before May first at the land office, and if not paid at that time the lists of the lands so delinquent are sent out to the supervisors for appraisal of improvements; the value of improvements is added to the‘ price of the land, and they are sold at public auction at the land office on the second Thursday of November each year. Lists of homestead lands are also sent out, and if proved abandoned they are offered at the annual sale. Many thousand acres thus revert to the state, and are re- stored to market each year. The files and records of the oflice show the basis of title to every description of land owned, at any time, by the state, and an accurate history of every tract can be furnished up to the final disposition by the state. For the preservation of these valuable records, and their continuation, two clerks are employed making abstracts, registers, indexes, and files. The office force consists of a deputy state land commissioner, who has general super- vision of the oflice, and performs all the duties imposed by statute "upon the com- missioner, during the absence of that offi- cer; a chief clerk, who has the charge of state lands, and the regular work of the office; a bookkeeper, whose duty it is to keep the accounts of part paid lands, as to principal, interest and taxes; a draughtsman for work on the plats and field notes; a stenographer and typewriter, and five extra clerks for general and special work in the ofiice. ‘ A trespass agent, under the direction and control of the land commissioner, is em- ployed to examine and watch the unsold and part paid lands to see that no timber is cut off or other damage done. EXPENSE. The salaries are as follows: Conimissioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S 800 Deputy . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.000 Chief clerk . . . . .. 1.200 Bookkeeper. . .. 1,200 Drziuglitsiriain ,. 1,200 Stenograplier . . . . _ . . . - . - . . - . . . . . . .. 1,000 5 clerks at $1,000 . . . . . . . . _ . . . . 5,000 $12i4°0 The general expenses for fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, were: General allowance . - . . . . $5,539 07 Printing . . . . . .. -- .... 270 95 Binding _ . _ _ _ _ .. __ 71 40 Stationery . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - - . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . . - - . . - .. 324 13 $6.205 55 Salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - . . . . . - . - - - . . - - . - . - - . - - . . - - 12,400 00 Total expenses .................................. -- $13,605 55 General allowance in this case consists largely of traveling expenses of agents of the department. There were received for fees during the same time $798.94. Thus the cost of the department for 1893 was in round numbers $18,000.00. Ofilce of Attorney General. The attorney general is required to give legal advice to state officers, heads of state institutions, prosecuting attorneys, and members of the legislature. He is not re- quired to do so, but the present incumbent does advise township and local officers. He also attends to requests of private citizens concerning public affairs. The attorney general attends to state cases in the su- preme court. Since January 1, 1891, the attorney gen- eral has given 325 oflicial opinions. The correspondence is about 2,500 letters per year, mostly on technical topics. In 1890 it is stated that it took $13,500 to pay the fees of extra attorneys to assist the attorney general. When the salary was raised, the limit was put at $3,000 per year. But it is stated that none of this has been used for that purpose, the attorney general having done all the work. EXPENSES. The attorney general has been receiving $2,500 per year. But since the supreme court decision concerning the ’91 returns, the attorney general has declared that he will refund all money drawn above $800 per year, the former salary. This will amount to nearly $6,000. On the basis of the supposed increase in salary the salaries are as follows: ‘ ‘:¢'(‘;i!T’:.'_"'fI; ;.‘1_e_r::' ------------------------------------ $ 2599 i clerk . . . . . . . . _, 720 I clerk _ _ . . _ . . . _ . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . - . .. 300 $5,500 This of course will be reduced by $1,700 per year for the four years 1891-5, by the new canvass of the ’91 returns on the amendment raising the salary from $800 to $2,500. Other expenses are, 1893, fiscal year; General zillowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- $1,914 59 Priming ____________ . . .. . .. , 700 62 Binding . _ _ _ _ . _ _ . . . . . .. .._ S4 68 Stationery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 117 56 $2,517 55 Total cost of the department has there- fore been about $8,300 per year, or $6,600 with the smaller salary. Department of Public Instruction. The superintendent of public instruction spends a large portion of his time in trav- eling. He has divided the state into 21 districts for council and rally purposes. In each district, once a year, he holds a council on a Friday, where he meets exam- iners and school oflicers to discuss import- ant school topics. These discussions are fully reported, and are preserved for the report of the department. On the Satur- day after the council he holds a rally of teachers and school patrons, also for dis- cussion and the awakening of interest. He expects to address the teachers of each county in the state this year, either in these rallies, at institutes, or at associations. He is a member and secretary of the board of education, which holds monthly meetings, and which has charge of the normal school. He is is also secretary of the board of geological survey. The work of the office may be summar- ized as follows: Correspondence, which consists of from 40 to 80 letters a day. These letters con- tain questions of school law, questions in science, mathematics, sanitation, insect ex- termination, etc., the department being considered by many as a bureau of general information. Arrangement of institutes. There is an institute planned for nearly every county in the state, each ranging from one week to four weeks in length. Each is managed by a conductor and taught by him with the assistance of from one to three in- structors. There is a state appropriation of not over $1,800 per year for the work, and no county gets more than $60 per year for institute purposes. The remaining ex- pense is paid by the teachers themselves. The dates and places of holding these in- stitutes, together with the conductors and instructors, is arranged for by the depart- ment. In September of each year there come the reports from the directors of the 7,300 school districts of the state; 583 of these districts have graded schools of over 100 pupils, and 53 of them are township unit districts. The reports embrace the days of school, number of pupils, wages and other expenses, school fund received, library statistics, etc. Reports on the same sub- jects also come from the school inspectors of the townships, and are corrected from the directors figures, which are sworn to. The apportionment of primary school fund is made on May 10 and November 10 of each year. It takes three clerks six months of faithful work to make out the apportionment figures. There are also statistical reports from county commissioners, and reports from township clerks regarding township and district libraries. The annual report of the department is a book of about 400 pages, contains 25 sta- tistical tables, manuscript report from each county commissioner, questions used for examinations, a report from each incorpor- ated educational institution in the state, decisions of the supreme court, and pro- ceedings of the state teachers’ association. Every four years the school laws are compiled. This was done in 1893, and an edition of 30,000 copies sent out. A state manual and graded course of study was also published and sent out in an edition of 35,000. Also this year there was issued a pamphlet giving a list of several hun- dred desirable books for district and school libraries. The examination questions for two reg- ular_ teachers’ examinations and eight ment. One-fourtli of the papers written for examination for state certificates are looked over here. Also the best papers in first grade examinations. This work is done by a department force of six persons. The deputy decides ques- tions of school law, attends to the corre- spondence, prepares examination questions, arranges the institutes, and has charge of the office force. One clerk acts as proof reader answers technical questions, pre- pares a portion of examination questions, and is the deputy’s assistant. A shipping clerk sends out all reports, pamphlets, and examination questions. There are two clerks engaged on statistical work, and one stenographer. EXPENSES. The salaries paid are as follows: Superintendent . . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . .. S 1,000 Deputy ---------------------------------------------- -- 2.000 2 clerks at $i,ooo cach_..._,._.. 2,000 i clcr ' . . . . . . . . , _ . . . . . , . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . .. 900 z clerks at $600 each _ . . . . . . . . . . - _ . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,200 Total ................................................ ..$7,ioo The two clerks at $600 receive at the rate of $900 per year, but only work two- thirds of a year each. The other expenses for fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1893: General allowance . _ . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .. ._ .... .. $1,334 09 Priming . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . _ . . . _ . . . - . . . . . . . - . . . . . - - . 1,720 45 Binding _ _ _ . _ _ . . . . . . _ _ . . . _ . . . , . . _ , . . _ , . . . _ . . . . . - . . . . _. 01 73 Stationery . . . . . _ , . . . _ . , . . . . . . . _ . . , . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .._ ~ .25 27 $4.634 55 Salaries . . , . . . . . _ . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . - - - - - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,100 Total expenses . _ . . . . . _ . _ _ . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$I1,7_;4 55 This is a department whose work is not fully appreciated by most people, yet its sphere is very important. The department will be glad to send any reader of the VIS- ITOR the report of the superintendent. Board of State Auditors. The chairman of this board is the sec- retary of state, the other members being the state treasurer and the land commis- sioner. They meet once a month, the sessions usually lasting two days. They pass upon all bills in which the expendi- ture involved is not provided for by special legislative appropriations. The board makes contracts for fuel, printing, and sta- tionery. The other bills that are apt to come before them for approval are neces- sary traveling expenses of state oflicers, expenses of members of state boards, cost of transporting juvenile offenders and wards Continued on page 4, The VISITOR will describe the work of each State iiistitution in Michigan, with cost of maiiitaiiiing it. Invalu- able iiiforiiiatioii for voters. Field and Siock. VALUE or THE BABCOCK TEST IN THE DAIRY. PROF. CLINTON D. SMITH. I. From the time that the dairyman begins his business with the selection of his herd to the packing of the last pound of butter, the Babcock test is the watchful guardian over each operation, pointing out where wastes occur, and urging to more precise and economical methods. In the selection of thefoundation animals of the herd or culling out the poor cows from one already established, its use is indispensable. By no other available means can the farmer ascertain the quality of the milk given by the individuals of his herd. It is no great matter to the buttermaker that a cow gives a large quantity of milk, it is the amount of butter fat therein that interests him, and that is a factor thatcan be readily determined by the Babcock test alone. With this apparatus at hand there is no longer excuse for keeping a cow that will not pay in butter the cost of her 11 , kee dug; farmers recognize the full force of these truths, but are deterred from using a Babcock test on account of its cost and the difliculty of learning to operate itwith satis- factory accuracy. To many farmers I have a suggestion to make, founded on experi- ence elsewhere. PURCHASING IN COMMON. A plan adopted in some communities in which no creamer is located having a test, is for the owners of several adjoining farms to club together and buy a test, or the local Grange may purchase it. The original cost of one large enough for that purpose would not exceed ten dollars. Some member of one of the families,preferably a young lady, then learns to operate it, and that part of the problem is solved. _ In testing cows do not make the mistake of relying on the test of one mess of milk alone as a guide to the value of the cow. Such results are never satisfactory. A far better method is to weigh and test several successive messes; better still is to weigh the milk that a cow gives for three successive days and test a sample repre- senting those messes. To obtain such ‘a sample a little trouble is necessary, but it pays big to take that trouble. It pays to find out which of your cows are giving you a profit and which are being kept at a less. cttaas-snl"ai"n§a<%e tail 2. . ‘.3 was in the state could be swallowed up, the state as a whole would be the richer for it. On many farms one-half of the cows could be dispensed with, without loss to the owners. To be ignorant of what each of your cows is doing is as foolish as to hire a man to work for you and then never take the trouble to find out whether he is doing anything or not. You can afford to keep neither men nor cows that do not pay the cost of their keeping. A COMPOSITE TEST. I would certainly go to the trouble of making a composite test of the milk of every cow I have if I had not already done so. I would weigh each mess for at least three days and as soon as milked, pour from one pail into another at least twice to get the milk thoroughly mixed, then im- mediately take a tablespoonful of it and put it in a glass fruit jar and screw the cover down tight. In the fruit can there should be a little of a mixture of four parts . of bichromate of potash and one part of corrosive sublimate bought at the drug- ? These things are deadly poisons 1 and should be kept by the person who f store. 1.‘I:IE GRANGE VISITOR. SHEEP, WOOL, SHODDY. C. M. FELLOWS. The old saying “ That it is an ill wind that blows no good,” is proving itself true in behalf of the poor sheep; for very few of them have to be washed this year before shearing, as the flock masters do not want to make any more expense on the wool than is necessary. Wool is so low, and the difference between washed and unwashed is so little, that it does not pay to wash, and if the sheep are properly cared for after shearing, early shearing without wash- ing will prove a benefit to the sheep. Whether the new tariff bill, if passed, will make the price of wool higher or lower, we are not prepared to say, as “ the doctors do not agree in the case;” but we wish that august body would do something or resign. In the meantime the manufact- urers go on the safe side and buy the wool low enough and sell their goods high enough. SHODDY. In the new tariff bill wool is on the free list, but a duty is charged on shoddy. Now this “ shoddy” (old rags chopped up) made into cloth, we believe is a gross fraud, and works a greater damage to the wool grower than the tariff legislation, and if we as wool growers will fight tariff no less and shoddy more, we shall secure a greater benefit to ourselves. If a farmer puts foreign sub- stances into his wool and sells it to the factory he is punished by law, but the fac- tory can sell him cloth for a suit of clothes with shoddy so nicely worked in that it can scarcely be detected and he goes scot free. A NEW LAW REQUESTED. Let every Grange, every farmers’ club, and every voter demand of our legislators a law, with sufficient penalties, which shall compel the manufacturers to state the kind of goods made, and the amount of shoddy or any foreign substance which enters into the composition of goods made wholly or in part of wool from the sheep or goat, and to stamp or label all such goods with state- ments according to the facts; and require retail dealers of such cloth or goods to at- tach a corresponding label or statement to all purchases of said goods as sold by him. Many of our states have “pure food laws,” and I think we need pure clothing laws as well; fraud should be punished in any business. S zzlinc. ll[0MEN'l‘S IN THE GARDEN. ROCKY COMFORT FARM, Illay 24, 1894. l Now is the time to transplant the toma- toes; if they have grown two feet long all the better. Make a trench with the hand plow, as for peas, then lay the plants in the trench lengthwise, and cover to within three or four inches of the top, which will turn up in a few hours of its own accord. The advantages of setting in this way are, first, the plant does not wilt; second, roots will start from each joint along the stem, thus giving the plant a large amount of roots to support the top, which is much better than to trim back the top, in propor- tion to the amount of roots. Transplant the cauliflower now. The plants that do not head in July will come on in September. In this way you will have plenty for the whole season. operates the test and given out as as needed t by the farmer that is going to test his herd. At the end of the period the milk in the j fruit jar should be tested in duplicate to i insure correctness. the milk yielded during the three days. Multiply the number of pounds of milk given in that time by the per cent of fat so ascertained and you have the amount of fat yielded by the cow in the three days. Divide this amount of fat by 85 and you have the amount of butter that should be made from her milk for that period. As a rule It fairly represents all 3 I would not continue to keep a cow that at ‘ the flush of the season did not give ten pounds of butter a week. Cows KEPT AT A LOSS. If we could all of us be induced to thus try our cows, find out what each one is yielding, and then get rid of the ones that are being kept at a loss, we would soon bring the dairy interest up to a most 2 But when I think of the . profitable basis. . expect to find them. Make another sowing of radishes and let- tuce now. These do not remain in good condition long in hot weather. Keep the ground free from weeds around the hot beds, and along the road. No part of the garden will pay you better than a clean roadside and slick yards and paths. A tliree-inch chisel with a long handle is just the thing for removing “ docks” in the strawberry bed and elsewhere, from places that cannot be cultivated. Pansies growing in the hot bed are now large enough to set in the open ground. Set them in the shade of some tree, or on the north side of the house, for the best flowers. Can you not remember where you found the largest, brightest wild violets this spring? lVas it not in fence corners, beside old logs, or down in the grass almost out of sight ? They seem to thrive best in the out of way places, where we would least “A thing of beauty, i is a joy forever.” thousands upon thousands of miserable ; b'rkttl,r" I, _ 23:; gggttoagio gllsfidrgi) pfimzdgsgf ‘, ing out to the lower orders of creation, and in the entire year, running their owners in ; debt every day they live, a block in the way of the present prosperity of the dairy industry and a menace to its future growth, and all because their owners do not take the trouble to select the good from the bad, I am ready to urge every thinking farmer to adopt the method that experience has shown to be reliable and rid himself of this burden. Agricultural College. WM. A. OI.Ds. ()1-cm as . HORSE NOTES. With the growth of civilization comes an increase of sympathy. From relatives and friends and countrymen it has spread to suffering humanity in general, and is reach- laws are enacted and societies are organ- ized for the prevention of cruelty to ani- mals. They are doing a grand work in punishing and preventing vicious, inten- tional brutality, and quite as much in awakening compassion and consciousness of unintentional cruelty. Are we not as farm- ers often thoughtlessly guilty of cruelly overworking our horses? Take a hot day in spring when the team is soft and still covered with a thick coat of hair, how many hours ought they to plow? How many hours in the fierce heat of summer, when the ground is so dry and hard that they can hardly drag the plow through it? How many rods should the strain be kept up without a chance for a moment’s rest and relaxation of the muscles? How many hours without a drink? This has been de- termined by the judgment of the driver as to the amount of work being done and how the team was standing it, but as to the actual feelings of the horses and where the cruelty limit should be placed this is avery uncertain guide. To get a better idea of what we should require\ of our horses let a man take about one-tenth the load usually drawn by a horse and pull it all day, and he will then know how it is himself. For fear the farmer’s feelings are not sufficiently aroused to render this way of securing knowledge popular, will not the officers of the societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals, whose hearts are overflowing with compassion and kindness, volunteer in view of the good object to be attained, to make a practical test? Let 20 of them about equal in weight and strength to a pair of horses agree to haul a farmer’s plow a few days in place of his horses and give us an exact record of the result. TEACHING THE COLT TO BACK. This should be done when the colt is small, but it seldom is until he is being broken to harness. Hitch him up with an old horse that will back at the word of command, and stop them where the wagon will move easily; tighten up the lines a little and say “back, back.” If he refuses to step back with the old horse don’t try to pull him back, or he will brace up against it, but have an assistant step in front of him with a buggy whip, and as you say “ back” and pull gently on the lines, switch his fore leg that is most advanced, and as he moves that back touch the other one. Don’t whip him around the fore legs but switch him just enough to make him pick up his foot. Keep trying and keep “sweet.” Breed for the best or not at all, should be the horseman’s motto in times like these. A. W. HAYDON. Decatur, LARGE VS. SMALL FARMS. HON. ENOS GOODRICH. This is a question which has long been - debated but never fully settled. Discussion ‘never wiii settle it, but practice is slowly working out a solution of the problem. Sometimes theory settles a question in one way, and practice in the direct opposite. There are various and potent influences which bear upon this subject. Sixty years ago, in the days of the threshing flail and the Armstrong mower, forty acres of land were enough for any man to cultivate. But all that is changed by the invention of improved machinery." Now the forty acre farmer is nowhere. He can’t afford to buy all the modern inachinery-the mowing machines, self binders, disc harrows, etc; even if he had the money, and in ninety- nine cases out of a hundred he doesn’t have the money, and he certainly can’t compete with modern machinery and do his work by hand. \Vhat shall he do? Well, that is a question that has puzzled the brain of many a poor and worthy man. In the majority of cases he sells out and goes west; but soon the west will be filled up, and what then? Nearly every small farm that is sold is added to the one that joins it, hence the inevitable tendency toward larger farms. This is as natural and inevitable as that water should run down hill. The result is seen in the de- pletion of the rural population all over the country. Horse power takes the place of man power, and finally steam power comes in and takes the place of horse power, and then comes electricity to take the place of steam~and what next? TWO FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED. In determining the proper size of farms, or in fact, the magnitude of any other bus- iness, there are two factors which always did and always will play a conspicuous part. These are brain power and money power. Sir Francis Bacon is reported to be the author of the proverb that “Knowledge is power.” Some one else thought to improve it by saying that “ Money is power.” There is a measure of truth in the latter, but the former is inevitable, overwhelming, eternal. Money is something that every one is crazy to get hold of, and very few know how to handle. In all our newest counties it is safe to say that not more than one farmer out of ten is master of his business. With all such the smaller the farm the better. Set a man on a farm to manage for himself, and watch him, and you will soon learn some- thing about the capacity of his brain. Sir Oliver Dalryniple can profitably manage a thirty thousand acre farm—so would a D. M. Ferry, if he should try it. But where you find one such you will find hundreds who can’t profitably manage eighty acres. So that you see that before we can decide as to the proper size of the farm we must first take the measure of the farmer’s brain and purse. JUNE 7, 1894. But if the brain is all right, 9-Dd b5-°k‘_3d up by plenty of will power, the money will be somewhere found to carry the b11S1n€SS through. Talk about money being power—— what does it it amount to in the hands of an incompetent person? Never was a truer saying than, “ Any fool can get money, but it takes a wise man to keep It. _ _ But the large and small farm problem is solving itself, and, except near towns where truck farming and gardening can be made to pay, the small farm is a doomed institu- tion. F oslaria. . THE FARMER AS A GRUMBLER. In response to the following sentiment; "The earth is ever out of humor, too dry, too wet, too dusty, or too muddy,” F. A. Osborne of Eaton Rap- ids, spoke as follows, at a meeting of Eaton county Grange. Dissatisfaction with our surroundings seems to be the lot of man, and of some women perhaps. Adam even was not con- tent, although he had the best of the earth’s products without labor, while we have none of them without it, and some- times very little of them with it; but I have noticed that, as a rule, those who do the most growling, do not do much else. Farmers get credit for doing nearly all the grumbling, which I contend is not true. As I said before, some men who till the soil grumble, but whether such are en- titled to be called farmers I will not say. The ideal farmer is so busy in fair weather attending to his work that he has no time to grumble, and when it rains he is ready to take his much needed rest. Allow me to say, however, that when such a sea- son as that of last year strikes us, it is not entirely out of human nature to. just wonder why the moisture and dry- ness may not be a little more evenly dis- tributed. If a merchant has some goods, that he by some means has to lose a few dollars on, he makes an great story about it, but it is not at all unusual for farmers to lose a hundred dollars by a single storm, and a week of dry or wet weather may sweep away his profits for a year. The laboring classes all over the coun- try are out on strikes for higher wages and less hours, when they were receiving from a dollar and a half to 'five dollars for ten hours’ work, while the farmer works steadily from twelve to fourteen hours for fifty cents and never thinks of striking. As most of the grumbling comes from a disordered stomach, consequent upon eating too much “hog and hominy,” I would suggest that farmers raise more fruit and be sure to have a good garden, and I am sure there will be less growling in the house. . But why grumble at all? There is noth- ing grander on this earth than to be found a farmer, and so don’t sell this birthright for a mess of pottage and regret it ever aftei', as so many have done. You should feel thankful that you are in a business where you can be honest and honorable, where you can be a man in the full sense and still be sure of a living. Remember the grandest crop on earth is the boys and girls, and the farm offers them the very best surroundings for their future devel- opment. Here they are free from the sin and pollution which abound in the cities, and by their outdoor life they grow up healthier in body, stronger in mind and morals, and are better able to resist temp- tation wlien it comes. Nearly all the great- est minds our nation has ever produced have come from the farm. Then rather let us rejoice that we are farmers, and Ameri- can farmers too, which means we are the most favored people, of the grandest and most progressive nation the sun ever shone upon. Mr. J. J. England, Caro, Mich., president of the national Lincoln sheep breeders’ association, sailed for England May 16. _ Mr. A. H. Foster of Allegan, Mich., has issued an interesting hand book of Shrop- shire sheep in Michigan, which he will send to readers of the VISITOR on receipt of 5 cents in postage. Judge C. B. Grant says: “It is my con- viction, after a careful observation of eight years as circuit judge, that the prompt arrest, conviction and punishment of crim- inals is more deterrent in its efiects than the severity of the punishment which the statutes provide. A report from St. Paul says: State Dairy Commissioner Anderson has ordered all the filled cheeses seized in the commis- sion of the city shipped back to Chicago, and instructed the commission men to produce the certificates from the railroad companies that they had been shipped. The commission men are glad to do this rather than have the cheeses destroyed, throwing all the loss upon them. These filled cheeses have an outer crust of the real article and the interior is filled with lard and cotton seed oil. It looks well for a short time, but in a couple of weeks it turns green and is filled with bacteria. VVc have some of the best farmers in Michigan Writing for this page. *4 ... ‘ ‘-E .afllIau:.ms.....-.... . . xx JUNE 7, 1894 EHE GRANGE VISITOR. Woman’s Work. MAY MUSINGS. The mom is awake in the dawning light, And sleep is flying from the shades of night; There's a boundless joy, for the day doth break, And the blossoming boughs in laughter shake. The darkness is gliding gently away, The air is crimsoned with the dawn of the day; The land is scatter’d with the golden light, And better the day than the darkness of night, Therels joy in the life, and life in the joy; ‘There’s blossom, and bloom, without earth’s alloy; The gleaming light quivers ’mid blossoms and leaves, As it comes from the skies on the wings of the breeze, Great is the day with the glorious light, But greater the mystical mood of the night; And the mystery deepens as the darkness grows stron ’Till the stillness of silence seems greater than song. The blossom and bloom, the fragrance of flowers- Are a message of mercy to this world of ours; They tell the sweet story as they spring from the sod, And bear on their bosom the goodness of God. SAMUEL TROTMAN. Alden, [May 1894. SECRETARIES OF SUBORDIN ATE GRANGES, ATTENTION! Most of the replies to letters sent to the chairmen of the woman‘s work committees of subordinate Granges in regard to caring for children and working girls in our homes for two weeks this summer, are very en- couraging. The warm hearts of these farm mothers seem to be so alive to the work in hand, that they have already begun to plan for this labor of love. But in our personal letters to these local committees we have failed to reach many Granges that we wish to reach, as some have no woman’s work committee, and some have not been reported to us. In order to reach every Grange, we appeal to every secretary in every subordinate Grange, to bring this matter up at their next meeting, and not only bring the matter to the atten- tion of the Grange, but canvass it thor- oughly, and then take some action and report to me. And we shall endeavor to furnish the girls and children. Many letters have come with many ques- tions that demand from us a reply. They are legitimate questions, and such as every house mother will ask herself or her neigh- bor, and as best we can we will try to reply to them here and now. Will these children come to us bringing with them diseases that may be communi- cated to our families? Probably not; as they usually are inspected by a physician before they are allowed to leave, that they may not bring infectious diseases. Can we have our choice as to boys or girls, or work- ing girls? We should think so, at least in a majority of cases. Will they be able to take care of themselves? Yes, just as our own children take care of themselves. They will need the care, advice, and management that our own require. VVill they _be obe- dient and moral? ‘Ye can but think they will. They will be children, and letus not expect too much,—we frequently expect too much from our own. They will come to us for a good time, and we must expect to see that they have it. They will need at- tention, care, and love, just mo7.‘hering,— and we all know what that means. And let us give them two weeks of joy and good cheer. that through the years that may come to them they can look back to this outing as one of the best times they ever had. Where shall we get the working girls? We will try and make arrangements for them to come from Chicago, Detroit, and Grand Rapids. By the time of the next issue of the GRANGE VISITOR we hope to have our plans perfected. MARY A. MAYO. LEA KS. OLD OAKS FARM. May 24.—Was busy in the kitchen all the morning. Among other things, I labeled the cans containing spices, soda, etc., with the aim to economize patience whenever a pinch of the one or the other is called for. Heretofore the desired ingre- dient has without fail been in the last can opened. _ Also prepared fresh baking powder: eight ounces of pure cream of tartar, four ounces of soda, and four ounces of corn starch, sifted together several times. ' Fordessert, made aginger pudding: Two eggs, one cup sour milk, one cup molasses, one teaspoonful each of salt and soda, flour to make a stiff batter; steam one and a quarter hours. _ June 2.—I found Mrs. Gay dressmaking this afternoon. when I called on an errand for mother. Her niece graduates at the S. high school in three weeks and they were finishing her gown for the occasion. Leila says the thought of graduating expenses has been a trouble to her until her auntie took the matter in hand and planned so beautifully for her. She wouldn’t mind the trying to keep up with the other girls so much if she had earned the money herself, but to ask her mother for this last sum, for practically only one night’s dis- play of finery, was hard to do. ‘ _ Mrs. Gay suggested a thin white muslin, and together they have made the simplest, fairest sort of a creation. Two or three yards of soft lace are used among the gath- ers and puffs on the Waist and sleeves, and the skirt has a ruflie of the muslin sewed on as if outlining a drapery. Altogether it has not cost her five dollars and, as I understand she ranks exceptionally well in a class of boys and girls from the first families of S. Mrs. Gay may well be proud of her, as she is. June 5.——Kate Dreg drove in to leave our mail to night. She was greatly exas- perated at her attempts to discover who sent her a box of lovely arbutus a few weeks ago. She has thanked three friends for it, without finding the right one. “ To think,” she said, “that some one thought enough of me and took the pains to send me the gift, and yet should deprive me of the privilege of knowing who it was and of making me seem so impolite and ungratefulwfor I suppose whoever it was; thought I would know the sender even if nocard was enclosed with the flowers.” Brother Hilarias and Kate resolved themselves into an opposition party to the making of presents without owning; them. Hil’s thorn in the flesh being the four nice handkerchiefs he received last Christmas. I wished them success but am satisfied the same sort of anonymous giving will go on, more or less to the discomfort of the re- cipients. RUTH L. Rnsrmz. HOMELY ECONOMIES. We have just got over the measles at our house, and we are possessed with a deep feeling of relief and thankfulness that the “ whole swarm”have come out in good shape. Not a pair of eyes but are as clear and bright, every pair of ears as cute and quick as nature made them. I’m the fortunate possessor of a medical sister, a graduate of our own state university, and when I wrote to her that the children had been exposed to the measles and one boy sick with cold on his lungs, return mail brought a letter stating that measles and cold on the lungs sometimes proved quite serious, to be very careful, and for me to take two parts lard, one part turpentine and a little camphor; heat and rub throat and lungs as hot as they could bear it; lay over a hot flannel, if very sick treat the back in like manner; keep them warm and give all the cold drink they wanted. Two of the boys had cold on their lungs with the measles and were pretty sick, the rest not so sick, but they received the hot ointment, only not so often. It kept their cough loose and they could raise the excrement easily. And not a ’kerchief was there to be washed. I pressed sheets of newspaper in the wash- bowls and set one by each bed, and it was an easy matter to remove the soiled paper and substitute a clean one. The organ called the nose caused us much trouble, so the parts of worn out garments, soft and clean, were torn into small pieces, piled in convenient places, and when used were burned. Now all the patients are up, but when a nose gets out of order, have only to point the little shaver to the “ rag pile” and he knows how to help himself. The “ two-year-old” had got reduced to only two night-dresses. I was afraid measles and only two night-dresses wouldn’t work well together, so I got out the skirts of some old night-dresses and night shirts that I had laid away for a time of need, and by laying the little pattern on the old night- shirt in just the right way, the opening down the front in the old answered for the opening in the “ new” one, so in little more than an hour I had two cut out, and one finished except a little trimming on the ends of the sleeves. I always use the partly worn lace or embroidery left from made- over dresses or other garments. These night-dresses will last until they begin to get pretty small for the child, then they go, all over, all at once, like the “Deacon’s one- hoss shay.” Then they will make nice soft pieces for the aforementioned rag-pile. OLD NEWSPAPERS COME HANDY. I find old rags and newspapers useful in many ways. VVhen grease or anything gets spilled on the stove or floor, I reach for paper or rag, wipe into the fire or on to the dust-pan, use more paper and rags, rub and wipe, put it all into the fire and ’tis done and out of sight. My floors are oiled, and one’s nerves, if ever so sensitive, aren’t made to shudder by the idea of having to' wash out dirty wash cloths, and where there is a family of children, accidents and unpleasant happenings are many, and the pleasantest, easiest way over them is the most economical. . KEEPING ACCOUNTS. To the lady readers of the VISITOR who have never kept an itemized account of all household expenses, and the income too, I would recommend it as being highly satis- factory, a satisfaction to know “ where goes the money,” and many times quite convenient to know when such and such a purchase was made, or how much such an article did cost. It often has a tendency to influence one to be a little more saving here or a little more generous there. When I footed up our accounts at the close of the year I was surprised more than once; was surprised to find that we had spent nearly as much for luxuries—under that head I put confectionery, money spent for pleasure alone, as we had for the,‘ church and the cause of Christ. I didn't like it but there were the items in black and white. Al- though I added the column over twice it wouldn’t foot up any better for the church, but I trust it won’t prove thus at the end of this year. I was surprised, too, when the dry goods column only footed $70.30 for a family of eight persons, but the girls best dresses as Well as school dresses, like the little night dresses, were made from the skirts of old ones, and many other things are “ made over.” When anything is needed in the house or for the body, I take a men- tal inventory of what there is in the house to see if there isn’t material that with a lit- tle or no expense can be converted into the thing desired. Some may smile at these homely homil- ies but to many every idea that saves a moment’s time or a penny is welcome. To me it is not only a satisfaction but a real pleasure. A. K. THOUGHTS ON MARRIAGE. True marriage is the divinest relation on earth—untrue the most diabolical. Anything less than love that holds hus- band and wife together is bondage and in- iquity. There is no lot so terrible for a woman and so demoralizing for a man as a loveless wedlock. It fills me with feelings of mingled hor- ror andindignation to think that a woman, educated and refined in all other respects, will immolate herself upon the altar of conventional vice in a marriage for revenue only. Woman is the victim of race education. Her prime thought has been that she was made only for marriage-—hence her abject dependence. If women were independent industrial members of the community, they would never be forced into distasteful, ill—assorted, or convenient marriages, which are the most fruitful of all sources of vice and crime in children and thus in the commu- nity. I would guard the door of marriage with the eternal vigilance of love, I would have no one enter its precincts save on bended knee and with prayerful heart, as if ap- proaching the throne of God. So strictly Would I guard it that none who should once enter could ever wish to retrace their steps. I would make divorces an unknown thing by abolishing imprudent and ill—as- sorted marriages. I would make the stigma as great for her who should sell her person in marriage as for her who sells it otherwise. I have seen husbands and wives whose hearts after long years of marriage always glowed at the approach of each other, whose whole natures seemed stimulated into their highest attributes in each other’s presence. Sorrow and pain but drew them closer together. These instances are ex- ceptional but they prove what the relations of the sexes may be. I would have every husband true enough to frankly admit that his wife is the sole, rightful owner of her own being in every respect. If there is anything in this world more cursed than another, it is the pretense of marriage, where no genuine union exists. When love has flown marriage is a weight dragging down the finer instincts, the holier emotions, and supplying desper- ation and despair. N 0 man or woman has a moral right to live this way. There can be no high standard of mar- riage until men and women comprehend the beautiful sacredness of the relation and are governed by the law of love. One standard of morals must prevail for both. A fallen man is no better than a fallen woman.—Rcv. W. F. Diokermcm. SWEETNESS OF A PHRASE. There is a tender sweetness about some of our common phrases of affectionate greeting, simple and unobtrusive as they are, which falls like dew upon the heart. “ Good night!” The little one lisps it as, gowned in white, with shining face and hands and prayers said, she toddles off to bed. Sisters and mothers exchange the wish, parents and children, friends and friends. Familiar use has robbed it'of its sig- nificance to some of us. We repeat it automatically without much thought. But consider. We are as voyagers, putting off from time to time upon an unexplored sea. Our barks of life set sail and go onward into the darkness, and we, asleep on our oars, take no such care as we do when awakened and journeying by daylight. Of the perils of the night, whatever they may be, we take no heed. An unsleeping vigil- ance watches over us, but it is the vigil- ance of one stronger and wiser than we, who is the eternal good. Good and God spring from the same root, are the same in meaning. “ Goodby” is only “ God be with you.” “Good night” is really “God night,” or “ God guard the night.” It would be a churlish household in which these gentle forms of speech were ignored or did not exist. Alike the happy and the sorrowful day by day may say, “Good night.”——New York Commercial Advertiser. The Juveniles. PLANTING CORN. There was a field that waiting lay All hard, and brown, and bare, A thrifty farmer came that way And fenced it in with care. Then came a ploughman with his plow, From early until late, Across the field and back again He ploughed the furrows straight. The harrow then was brought to make The ground more soft and loose, One day the farmer said with joy My field is tit for use. For many days the farmer then VVas working with his hoe, , And little Johnnie brought the corn And dropped the kernels so. And there they lay, until awaked By tapping rains that fell, They pushed their green plumes up To greet the sun they loved so well. Then flocks and flocks of hungrv crows Came down the corn to taste,‘ But bang went the fnrmer’s gun And off they tlew in haste. Then grew and grew the corn Till autumn days had come, VVith sickles keen tliev cut it down And sang the Harvest Home. —Emz'le Poulssmz, z__.____________ SELF-.VIAl)E BOYS. “Self-made boys,” said Dr. Gunsaulus, president of Armour Institute, “well, I Wish you knew some of the boys who come here as I know them! Self-made! I should think so! Is not a boy who rises at four in the morning to deliver papers until 7, then studies until 8, when he comes here for his first recitation, building himself? “That boy is an orphan, entirely alone in the world. He supports himself, and has done it all his life. Where he came from he doesn’t himself know; I think he named himself. “ Yet a more self-respecting boy I never, knew. He would scorn to tell an untruth and is fair and honorable in all his dealings. “ He is now in his fifteenth year, and what do you suppose he has just fin- ished reading? ‘ Smiles’ Self Help’ and ‘ Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches.’ Yes, he is a thoroughly self-made boy, and I am proud of him.” The doctor leans back in his chair and grows more thoughtful. “ There is a boy who lives with his mother on Dearborn street. His mother is a widow and not over strong. yet she helps this boy make the living by taking in washing. The boy himself has a laundry route. “That boy attends school here and has given the labor question as exhaustive a study as any man I know of. The great question as to the right of great combines to exist, you see, had a practical bearing upon his and his mother’s life. “ Self-made boys! Why we have dozens of them! Boys who work all day in oflices and come here to study at night. These are the fellows whom the World one day wakes up and thinks it has discovered. But these boys don’t bloom out all at once into self- made men; it takes years of patient study and self-denial. “ There is a boy here who has hit upona unique way of paying expenses. He has conceived the idea of getting boys cheap places in which they can spend their vaca- tion. He has gone into the country in a pleasant locality and has arranged with the farmers .to board the boys at reduced rates, the boys to pitch a camp on the farmers’ grounds and live as they please. “ This boy engineers the whole thing, and between the two parties has a good- sized profit. He is an orphan also, and is in his sixteenth year. He supports himself and is attending the institute regularly. “I could tell of many boys who are doing the same thing, and a few years more—a few years more,” concludes the doctor, with a hopeful smile for the boys, “they will make what everybody admires—self-made men.”—Inter Ocean. Do You Want :1. Sewing Machine? If you Want to get a first—class Machine and don’t want to pay double price for it, write for particulars about a good Machine at a low price, to THE GRANGE VISITOR, Lansing, Mich. Few farm papers in the country have as bright woniai1’s page as this one. '*1"“‘-5 ":‘:i5*’."!'~‘7’«"&5;t‘i'*'~!‘.I’.¢r?i('.’!. «I . 4 THE GRANGE VISITOR. JUNE 7, 1894. THE GRANQE VISITOR. Published on the first and third Thursdays of every month. Kenyon L. Butterfleld, Editor and Manager. LANSING. MICE. 1'0 whom all exchanges. communications, advertising busi- ness and subscriptions should be sent. Ofllce, Room 19, Old State Building. TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six Months. In Clubs of 20 or more 40 cents per yea_r each- Subscriptions payable in advance. and discontinued at expiration, unless renewed. $'Rsmittant'es should be by RBKiSt8|'8d Letter. M01195’ Order or Draft. Do not send stamps. _ o insure insertion all notices should be mailed no later than the Saturday preceding issue. Entered at the Postoflice at Lansing. Mich-. 88 39001” Class Matter. §"Ni=:x'r isstrr: JUNE 21. OUR WORK. The following has been approved by the State Grange as a fair statement of the objects the Grange of Michigan has in view and the special lines along which it purposes to work. We hope every Grange in the state will work earnestly in all of these departments, so that by a more united efiort we shall rapidly increase our numbers, ex- tend our influence, and attain more and more com- pletely those ends which we seek. OUR OBJECT is the Organization of the Farmers for their own Improvement, Financially, Socially, Mentally, Morally. WE BELIEVE that this Improvement Can in Large Measure be Brought About: 1. (a.) By wider individual study and genera discussion of the business side of farming and home keeping. (b.) By co-operation for financial advantage. 2. (a.) By frequent social gatherings, and the mingling together of farmers with farmers. and of farmers with people of other occupa- tions. (b.) By striving for a purer manhood, a nobler womanhood, and a universal brotherhood. 3. (a.) By studying and promoting the im- provement of our district schools. (b.) By patronizing and aiding the Agricult- ural Colleges and Experiment Stations in their legitimate work of scientific investiga- tion, practical cxperiment, and education for rural pursuits. (c.) By maintaining and attending farmers’ institutes; reading in the Reading Circle; establishing and using circulating libraries; buying more and better magazines and papers for the home. 4. (a.) By diffusing a knowledge of our civil institutions and teaching the high duties of citizenship. (b.) By demanding the enforcement of ex- isting statutes, and by discussing, advocating, and trying to secure such other state and na- tional laws as shall tend to the general jus- tice, progress, and morality. Commencement at Olivet college Thurs- day, June 21. June is the month of beauty. Farmers ought to extract a little pleasure out of their surroundings. Mrs. Mayo has a word to say to secre- taries of subordinate Granges, in the woman’s work column. Every Patron should have the History of the Grange. See the State Secretary’s notice in another column. Patrons will read with interest Brother Ailman’s article in the lecturer’s column. He is one of the strong state lecturers. A great argument for thorough education is the fact that so many parents who have been deprived of it desire it for their children. It is a good time to be vaccinated. The state board of health has recommended to local boards of health that they furnish free vaccination to persons needing it. It will not be a bad idea to have some changes in Grange programs during the summer. lVhen farmers are hard worked it is more difficult for them to discuss hard questions. The names have been coming in at a good rate during May, at our 25 cent offer. VVe hope our friends will be just as per- sistent during June. Remember that June is the last month that this ofl*'er holds good. Do not forget the August picnics. Now is the time to lay plans for them, and to begin the necessary work. Master Horton is desirous of seeing a system of such pic- nics made permanent in Michigan, and his desire and foresight coincide with the views of leading Patrons. These affairs are capable of being made strong instru- ments for good, and the Grange can not be too eager in making them a great feature of its work. The State Grange is doing all that is possible in making trade arrangements, and contracts are being closed as rapidly as they can be made on a favorable and proper basis. It is necessary to start right. The twine contract seems to be favorable and Patrons should avail them- selves of its advantages. Others will fol- low as soon as details can be adjusted. Brother E. Franklin, of Liberty Grange, has called our attention to a bill introduced in congress to protect innocent users of patented articles. It provides that in no case shall an action be maintained against any individual who shall have purchased, in good faith, a patented article from a regular dealer in the open market for his own use, or who shall innocently use the same for agri- cultural or domestic purposes, until after such patent has been sustained by a decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, nor unless such innocent purchaser shall fail or refuse to give to the patentee or his repre- sentative, at his request, the name and residence, if known to such purchaser, of the party from whom he purchased such patented article. When any suit is main- tained against such innocent purchaser or user of such patented article, the plaintifl"'s remedy shall be limited to an injunction and the plaintiff shall pay all costs. Inquiry at VVashington shows that the bill is quietly sleeping in committee. Per- haps if you should write to your congress- man you might get him more interested in this apparently worthy measure. TO MASTERS. The legislative committee of the Michi- gan State Grange has 8. communication in another column that should receive im- mediate attention from you and your Grange It is desired that every subordinate Grange in the state should discuss the question of nominating senators in state conventions at once, and have the secretary of the Grange immediately transmit the resolu- tion, if passed, as directed by the legislative committee. Masters will regard the coni- munication from the committee as an official circular. A TIME TO ACT. If the Grange wishes to cast its influence on the side of a more popular choice of senators of the United States, it has no time to lose. The calls for state conventions will all be made very soon. Granges can not act too promptly; they can easily be too late. We believe this is an opportune moment for the Grange to exert its power in the right way. The movement is in the direc- tion of the people. There are no valid objections to it. Some of the politicians are opposed to it, but the people usually favor it. Two parties in this state have indicated themselves as favoring it. Will the other two prove themselves as near the people on this question? This is an important matter. It is not something that can safely be neglected. If the United States senate is ever to be popularized, the work must be kept up un- flinchingly. The Grange legislative com- mittee urge immediate action. Will you not all respond at once? TIME TO CALL A HALT. In a recent daily paper, in a report of an industrial meeting at Jackson, said to be of a political nature, it was stated that “the meeting was of special significance because the Grange, which has heretofore held aloof from partisan politics, is heart and soul in the movement.” This is not the first time that the Grange 1 has been lugged into politics during the time to call a halt. Our brethren of the press will kindly remember that the prin- ciples of the Grange forbid that it shall in any way become a political body. It does not, and could not, even if so minded, go “heart and soul” into any political move- ment. It is not fair towards the Grange, thus to assume that it is being put to base uses. Any one who insinuates that the Grange has declared itself as favoring any movement in partisan politics, speaks with- out knowledge. But it is also well to remember that membership in the Grange does not deprive . with precedent and any man of his citizenship. He has just as much right as has any one else to talk politics, and boom candidates, and run for ofice. But because he does these things, it does not signify that he represents the attitude of other members of the Grange. He speaks only for himself. He has no political rights conferred by the Grange, nor are any taken from him. Let this matter be thoroughly understood: and let us hear no more foolish talk about what the Grange is going to do in politics or about its favoring this or that candidate. OUR WORK. We believe in “discussing, advocating, and try- ing to secure such other state and national laws as shall tend to the general justice, progress, and morality.” We have not space to discuss the need of such work as is outlined in the sentence quoted. It would be a long story if we should recite the triumphs of the Grange on this ground. It would take a page to tell of what there yet remains to be done. These phases of the question are discussed from time to time in these columns. At this time we want rather to call the atten- tion of our farmer friends who have never been fortunate enough to join the Grange to one characteristic of Grange legislative work; and to invite the consideration of citizens not farmers to another phase of such work. We want to remind the farmers that the Grange is the only non-partisan organiza- tion in existence in our state that keeps trying to obtain desirable legislation for farmers. While farmers as a body are grumbling and finding fault with legislators and legislation, the Grange is persistently “discussing, advocating, and trying to secure” something that shall appease the grumbling and quiet the fault finding. The National Grange is even more per- sistent and bold than our own State Grange, and no congress assembles but is besieged by our legislative committee in the farmers’ interests. The Grange works not only for Grange interests, but for all farmers of this broad land. Every farmer in Michigan has in some degree received the benefits of re- forms brought about solely or in part by Grange influence. We want our farmer friends outside the gates to ponder that fact. Surely the Grange has some claim upon your friendship and support. To citizens not farmers We want to say that while the Grange believes in legisla- tion in the interests of the farming classes, it never aims to strike a blow at any other honorable class of people. It believes in legislation that will assist in the “general justice, progress, and morality.” The Grange is not so narrow as to forget that the farmers and farmers’ interests are not the sole factors in American progress. The Grange would have you understand that it firmly believes that the farmers are not treated with the consideration due their importance and intelligence. It would have you know that the farmers propose to pur- sue all honorable tactics in securing what their fellow citizens seem to have denied them. But the Grange would also have you appreciate the fact that it rises above class distinctions, and pleads for the people in genera.l,——pleads for all who are oppressd. or unfortunate, or incompetent. Grange should commend itself to you for these reasons, and you should feel that it is an ally of yours in all good movements. And you, in your turn, should aid it in its work by all means at your command. CHILDRENS’ DAY. To THE SUBORDINATE GRANGES AND PATRONS or M1cHIoAN—~In accordance to perpetuate a '1 beautiful and instructive custom I here- by designatc and appoint Saturday June 30, to be observed by the Subordinate past four or five weeks, and We think it is 3 Gmnges of our State as Childrensi Day‘ It is important that its observance be general for in no way can you lay a surer foundation for the Grange of the future than to entertain and instruct the children of today. It will also gladden and make younger many older hearts who are now laboring faithfully in the field. By appro- priate exercises each Grange can easily call to its assistance all the children of a neighborhood and with them will come the parents. Be earnest and faithful and Childrens’ Day of 1894 will be long re- membered. Given under my hand at Fruit Ridge this 4th day of June, 1894. GEO. B. HORTON, Zllaster of State Grange of Michigan. The ‘ NOTICE. Just now when many Granges are cele- brating their twentieth anniversaries, it is a happy thought that prompts the issuing of a new edition of Founder O. H. Kelly’s excellent “History of the Order.” We have no such work in general circulation. Frequent inquiries come to the Secretary’s office for just what this book contains. No Grange library will be really a Grange library without a copy. It is very interest- ing, besides. The price has been made 75 cents; and it will hereafter be kept in State Grange supplies. J ENNIE BUELL. FROM THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE. For Immediate Action. At a union meeting of Washtenaw county Granges, held with Superior Grange May 31, the following resolution was discussed and adopted without a dis- senting voice: Resolved, That we earnestly urge upon the state central committee of each and all parties, the incorporation in their call for their next state convention, the nomi- nation of United States senators who are to be elected by the coming session of of the legislature. The legislative committee of the State Grange ask all subordinate Granges in the State to act upon this resolution at their next meeting, and we urge all Granges endorsing the resolution to immediately send notice of such endorsement to each State chairman of the respective political parties in the state. J. K. CAMPBELL, GEO. MCDOUGALL, H. D. PLATT, Legi5Izztz'vc Cammiltee of llIz'r/Iigtm State Grange. [The chairman of the Republican state central committee is Hon. J as. McMillan, Detroit, Mich; of the Prohibition, Chas. P. Russell, Detroit, Mich. We should think that it would not be necessary to send the resolution to the committees of the Democratic and People’s parties as we are informed that the calls for their conventions already embrace this measure. However, the chairmen of their central committees are, of the Democratic party, D. J. Oampau, Detroit; of the People’s party, A. VV. Nichols, Greenville.] WHAT THEY THINK OF THE VISITOR. HIGHLAND, MICH., June 4, 18.94. i EDITOR GRANGE V1s1ToR-Your letter of 1st inst. expressing your desire to pub- lish in the VISITOR a summary of the dis- cussions by the various Farmers’ Clubs of the State of the general questions announced for each month, and promising an editorial on each question in_ due sea- son, was read with much pleasure. I am certain that the local clubs of the State will appreciate your cooperation in this good work, and that they will be quick to respond to your efforts in their behalf with cordial and liberal support of the VISITOR. Personally I feel like recom- mending your paper to every farmer of the State of Michigan as a faithful expon- ent of our best interests. Very truly, A. C. BIRD. STATE DEPARTMENTS. Board of State Auditor's. Continued from page 1. of the state, and private claims. Bills that conform to law, or are on a settled basis, such as printing, are approved by the clerk of the board, and by the board considered as approved. Other bills are personally examined by the members of the board, and approved, returned for correction, or rejected. The action of the board is final, there being no appeal even to the supreme court. The board employs a clerk who keeps the min utes of proceedings of the board, attends to the oflice work, and gets out the report of the board. The reports are kept up to date, and can be given out at the end of any month. ' EXPENSES. The employés of the board are ; Cl k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - . - . . . . . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ , , _ _ _ p _ _, 2 leicrmkkeepers at $1,000 czicli . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A _ _ _ _ _ _ __ $3.600 The total expenses of the board for fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, are as follows. In this case general allowance includes the salaries mentioned above: General .’lll0\V21nCC . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - . Printing . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , _ _ _ _ _ _ , , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ $§'§g; Binding . . . - . . . - . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . _ . , . _ . __ ',--. ,3 Stationery _ . . . _ _ . . . _ . . . . . . . . _ _ _ _ . _ _ , , _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 0* $“.I74 92 Considering the powers and importance of the board, it is strange that its actions are not more hedged about by law. But it has practically its own way. The clerk is an employé of the board solely, respon- sible to them alone, and is not mentioned in the statutes of the state. He gives no bonds to anyone, and his position in all respects is an anomaly. It would seem as if the legislature should make some change in this order of things. ”v ‘,1 I at JUNE 7, 1894. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 5 The becfure. Field. HINTS TO LECTURERS. J. T. AILMAN, LECTUBEB PENNSYLVANIA STATE GRANGE. The mission of the Grange is primarily to educate. The Grange that subordinates this to anything else has, to my mind, an imperfect perception of the purposes and possibilities of the organization. This be- ing the case, the ofiice of lecturer in a sub- ordinate Grange is, in many respects, the most important ofiice in it, and lecturer’s hour the most valuable time in any meet- ing. What can be done by the Grange in an educational way is marvelous, and, I am sorry to say, too little realized by many. The lecturer has an opportunity for usefulness enjoyed by few. He can not only stimulate thought and investiga- tion, but if he choose, he can, in a measure, direct the lines in which investigation shall run. None should accept this office without some sense of what can and should be done in it, nor without a willingness to do his best. Lecturer’s hour should never be crowded out by other business, or, if this cannot sometimes be helped, literary meetings should alternate with business meetings. The literary work should take a wide range to suit the varied wants and tastes of the different members and the multiplicity of interests of the farmer and his family. Yet there should not be too much random shooting. Whatever is done should be done for a purpose, and investi- gation should follow in direct lines_until something tangible is accomplished. Thought, information, expression are the things to be aimed at. Whatever. Wlll de- velop the one or impart the other is efi:'ect- ive educational work, and is just as valu- uable if secured in a Grange hall as if obtained in the costliest and best conducted schools. GET INFORMATION. One can not think without hav- ing something to think about. Mere knowl- edge then, or information, furnishes the material or basis for thought. The more knowledge one has the better, if it is at ‘all systematized and not jumbled together like amass of rubbish. But knowledge with- out thought is useless, and thought with- out the ability to express it is little better. Hence the lecturer’s aim should be to_get before the Grange useful_ information, imparting from time to time his own knowledge, drawing out what others know, and setting all upon investigation that the general store may be constantly increased, aiming to get and to give information on practical lines, so that members will take it up and think it over. When this is done no effort should be spared to induce all to tell by tongue and pen what they know. _ To this end the select reading and reci- tation, especially if something worth remembering has been committed, are valuable, the question box most impor- tant, and the library filled with books of reference indispensable. Thus equipped and thus directed the Grange vies with the schools in develop- ing the liberal minded, practical men and women so much needed in our time. Thompson town, Pa. WORTH READING, LECT URERS. We have room for but a portion of re- plies from lecturers, but will nevertheless welcome answers to the questions, from all lecturers. These answers are well worth preserving by every lecturer. The ques- tions are: 1. How often do you meet? On what evening and at what hour? At what hour do you usually close? 2. Do you have a literary program at each meet- ing? Please name a few topics that you have re- cently discussed with protit. _‘ _ 3. How much heed does your Grange give to the strict enforcement of parliamentary rules? 4. Does degree work occupy a prominent part in your Grange work? _ . r? 5. How frequently do you have public meetings. Do you ever hold meetings where your friends who are not Patrons are invited by your members? What is your opinion of the value of either of these kinds of meetings? , , 6. What plans have you for increasing your membership? HAMILTON NO. 355. 1. VVe meet every Saturday evening at 7 to 8 o’clock according to season, and the time for closing was recently fixed at 11. It may sometimes be necessary to “stop the clock” as they do in congress. , 2. No. VVe nearly always have literary ex- ercises but not always a previously arlfiflged program. Have tried dividing the Grange into four sections and preparing program for each section four weeks ahead. Have abandoned it for the present. Too much of a good thing. Many stayed away when not prepared. We discuss, besides farm and houselieliold topics, current ‘public questions, but are going slow on tariff, free silver, temperance, woman suffrage, and such “old timers,” under the impression that a good healthy Grange can be easily talked to death. Have had this year anni- versary exercies _on (or nearr the birth- days of Burns, Longfellow, Shakespeare, consisting of biography, quotations, selec- tions, songs, original remarks, etc. Also for _womanly lives. Lincoln, Washington, and Grant, with patriotic songs, speeches, extracts, anec- dotes, etc. _ 3. Strictly but not “ offensively” parlia- mentary. 4. No. Degrees are conferred in due form only on the first and second meetings of December. At the last meeting of each month candidates are received, obligated, and instructed in the secret work and noti- fied to be present in December, when the degrees will be conferred with all the form and ceremony we can compass. Further than this we consider time spent in degree work as tedious and unprofitable. 5. Two or three times. 6. N one’. We are trying to have a good Grange,-—the membership takes care of its- self. VVe shall continue exercises on anni- versary days of great men and great events; among others Independence day, Emanci- pation day, Christmas (with charity social or party) and Michigan day; also flower, grain, and fruit festivals. . For 20 years we have been trying to dis- cover the most essential thing for a popular and successful Grange, and have just found it. It is the recess. We shall have 30, perhaps 60 minutes at each meeting. Nice chatty, social time for the old folks,and “Pigs in the parlor,” “ Jim along Josey,” “ Charlie Cole,” and lots of other games and plays for the boys and girls. We will try to in- vest the hall with more of the character of a Grange home, bright and cheery, with music, song, and pleasure. For strength- ening fraternal ties, for gaining knowledge and wisdom, and for laying the foundations of pure, patriotic, independent, manly and IHECTURER. PENNFIELD N0. 85. 1. We meet during the less busy parts of the year on each alternate Friday at 2 o’clock. We have occasional extras between regular meetings, with corresponding va- cancies during the rush of spring and sum- mer work. Our meetings usually close about 4, or 4% o’clock. 2. We have a literary program at each meeting. The discussions are invariably spirited, good natured, and instructive. ‘ “The Initiative and Referendum,” “Is it the duty of government to furnish work and wages to the destitute unemployed?” “ Buying at Wholesale,” “ Shall the farmer be a specialist, or all-arouiid farmer?” “After school education,” “The farmer’s strawberry patch—what varieties shall it contain, and how be cared for?” are a few samples of our recent topics. 3. In general, our work is carried on in conformity with parliamentary rules. Oc- casionally we drift into free and easy dis- cussion, but without serious disorder. 4. We always open and close in regular form, and follow the ritual in all our meet- ings. VVe have no special degree work ex- cept initiation of new members. 5. VVe have had two special meetings recently_for the children and young people of our vicinity, with supper and literary entertainment. The childrens’ meeting especially was a great success, they fur- nishing the literary part, and the Grange, the edibles, and taking the general over- sight of exercises. Our county Grange which successively visits all the subordi- nate Granges, has nearly all its literary sessions open. I like enough of this to let the public learn of our work, but not enough to give all the benefits of the Grange, with none of its burdens. 6. Vile aim to increase our membership by making the Grange worth joining, and letting the public know that it is so. 0. C. MCDERMID. ELSIE NO. 202. 1. Every two weeks on VVednesday even- ing at half past seven; close at half past nine. 2. We do. Some of our questions have been Spraying orchards; Roads; The moon, and a great many others, but such exercises as speaking, reading, and singing seem of more interest. 3. Our master un- derstands parliamentary rule quite thor- ough and we heed it. 4. It does. 5. Ev- ery four weeks we have a supper and invite our friends who are not Patrons, and after supper we have aliterary program. 6. Socials where everybody is invited. Mas. C. H. CALL. BATTLE CREEK NO. 66. 1. We meet every first and third Friday afternoon of each month, from two to four o’clock. 2. VVe have a literary program at each session. The best method of advanc- ing the temperance work; Equal suffrage; Eminent men and women who have labored in the temperaiice cause—what have they accomplished? Uses and abuses of agri- cultural statistics; Grange activity—prog- ress. Several papers bearing upon politi- cal questions of the times have been re- cently discussed. "We also have a biogra- phy of some eminent person and quotation from the same, by each member, at each session. 3. Average. 4. Initiated two members the past winter. 5. During the cold weather we meet at the homes of the Patrons, but now as we meet in our hall are in hopes to do something in that line. I think if rightly conducted such meetings are of value. 6. Nothing definite. IDA E. BLANCHARD. WHEATLAND NO. 273. 1. Once in two weeks, on Friday evening at eight o’clock; close about eleven o’clock. 2. No. The proposed income tax; The best variety of seed corn; Curing of clover for hay; How can we as citizens do more effect- ive work in the primaries? 3. We do our best. 4. No. 5. Have had none in the last year. Yes. They are beneficial t 0 all who attend. 6. Personal solicitation. ALICE PEASE. KEENE NO. 270. 1. We meet every Saturday evening at 7:30 o’clock and usually close at 10:30. 2. We occupy at least one hour with a literary program. The most profitable top- ics we have recently discovered are food for stock and poultry and all kinds of farm- ing topics. 3. We practice parliamentary rules, but are not as strict as we might be. 4. During the fall and winter months degree work forms a prominent part in our Grange work. 5. We have held two public meetings since the first of January and expect to hold a Flora’s meeting the first of June, and fol- low as the seasons come with Ceres and Pomona meetings which will be public. I think public meetings help to get new members for our Order and cause those who do not join to have more respect for the Grange than they would if they did not see some of our work. We have not practiced inviting in friends at our regular meetings but a very little, but think it a good way to do. 6. We tried the contest plan for increas- ing our membership last winter, which worked well. We have no plans for this summer except public meetings. Mas. EVA HUNTER. FOR DISCUSSION. 1. What salaries should be paid our state officers and under what limitations? 2. Can the farmers aid in solving the liquor ques- tion? If so, how? Have they any interest or duty in the matter? 3. Shall candidates for United States senator be nominated by the party state conventions? FOR PRACTICAL C0-OPERATION. Representatives of the State Granges of several of the West and North Western States met at Chicago recently to consider plans for united efforts in securing trade contracts for the benefit of their respective State Granges. A temporary organization was formed and State Granges will be asked at their next meeting to indorse the same and appoint delegates to attend the first annual meeting to be hereafter called, when the organization will be made permanent. Michigan was represented in the conference by Thos. Mars and Geo. B. Horton. Michi- gan interest was manifest and seemingly feasible plans were considered for practical co-operation in the matter of trade con- tracts. A CORRECTION. EDITOR GRANGE VisiroR—I was dele- gate from Aiitrim county to the last State Grange. Owing to sickness and other reasons I did not return home until Feb- ruary. A brother of Helena Grange re- ported me through the VISITOR of March 1. I have since reported to that Grange and gave them my reasons for not return- ing sooner, which was accepted by a vote of the Grange. I have looked for and ex- pected to be reinstated through the VISITOR by the brother but failed to find it. A. I. OOBURN. NATIONAL GRANGE Paw Paw, Mich, June 1, 1894. The 28th annual meeting of the National Grange P of H., will be held in Spring- field, the capital city of the State of Illinois, commencing on VVednesday, the 14th day of November next. Official notices to delegates will be issued in due time. By order of the executive committee. J. J. VVOODMAN, Secretary. MEETING. NATIONAL AND STATE LEC'[‘UREl{S OF THE ORDER OF PATRONS OF I-IUSBANDRY. At the last session ofHie National Grange the following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That the Masters of all state Granges herein assembled, as members of this body, return to their respective states, with the firm resolve to do all in their power to present, thoroughly and well, the principles of the Grange to all farmers within their borders, and to organize a general Grange campaign for the coming year. 1i’esol-mad, That the National Grange give all rea- sonable assistance to the various states by furnishing lectures and Grange literature for their use in exe- cuting the work. Resolved, That the executive committee of the Na- tional Grange be and is hereby authorized to prepare a printed list of public speakers, headed by the worthy lecturer of the National Grange, all of whom will respond to calls from states, under such regulations as said executive committee may prescribe and that the committee send such printed lists and regula- tions to the masters of all state Granges. Resolved, That the worthy lecturer of the National Grange have published, at the expense of funds ap- propriated for the purpose, a series of useful tracts in strict accordance with Grange principles, and send such quantity to the masters of each State Grange as the funds appropriated will warrant. Acting under the above instructions, the executive committee applied to the masters of the state Granges for the names and posto_flice address of Patrons in their re- spective states who would be willing to re- spond to invitations to lecture for the good of the Order. The object of this action by the National Grange seems to be to furnish information to state, Pomona and subordi- nate Granges where lecturers can be pro- cured when desired, and at what expense. It appears that some of our members are laboring under the impression that the National Grange is to put these lecturers into the field and pay them. Such is not the case. The executive committee will endeavor to carry out the instructions of the National Grange as far as the means furnished will warrant; but persons em- ploying these lecturers will be expected to pay them, unless other arrangements are made with the master of the National Grange who has the national lecture work in charge. VVhen the national Grange sends lecturers into states to labor, expenses and compen- sation will be paid in going to and return- ing from the states visited; but the state Granges will arrange to pay their expenses and per diem while engaged in the state. For further information, correspond with the master of the National Grange. The following is the list of lecturers furnished. [The VISITOR gives only those states that are most likely to be called on by Michi- gan Patrons:] Alpha Messer, National Lecturer, Rochester, Vt_ ILLINOIS. E. A. Giller, Past Master of the State Grange; VVhitehzill, Ill. I“Alex.Ready, Lecturer of the State Grange, Normal, David \Vard \Vood, editor Farmers‘ Voice, 334, Dearborn street, Chicago. These Brothers will respond to invitations to lect- ure for the good of the Order in the state for expen- ses; outside of the state, reasonable terms upon appli- cation. INDIANA, Milton Trusler, Past Master of the State Grange, Bentley, Ind. F. J. S. Robinson, Lecturer of the State Grange, Cleveland, Ind. Henry Doup, Past Lecturer of the State Grange, Columbus, Ind. Aaron Jones, Master of the State Grange, South Bend, Ind. Will lecture in the state for expenses, and out of the state, terms upon application. MICHIGAN. A. Crosby, Lecturer of the State Grange, Novi, Michigan. Mrs. Mary A. Mayo, Chaplain of the State Grange, Battle Creek, Mich. Cyrus G. Luce, Past Master of the State Grange, Coldwater, Mich. Jason \Voodman,Past Lecturer of the State Grange, Paw Paw, Mich. Thomas Mars, Past i\Iaster of the State Grange, Berrien Center, Mich. C. L. \Vhitney, Past Lecturer of the State Grange, Muskcgon, Mich. J. G. Ramsdell, Chairman Executive Committee of the State Grange, Traverse Cit_v, Mich. Perry Mayo, Member of the Executive Committee of the State Grange, Battle Creek, Mich. G. B. Horton, iVIaster of the State Grange, Fruit Ridge, i\[ich. J. J, \Voodman, Past Master of the Grange, Paw Paw, Mich. The above will respond to invitations to lecture, both in and out of the state, whenever other duties do not prevent, for expenses and a moderate com pensation for time, to be arranged by correspondence. :~:i~;\v YORK. E. P. Cole, Lecturer State Grange, Ovid, N. Y. VV. C. Gifford, Past Master State Grange, James- town, N. Y. Rev. A. M. Child, Chaplain State Grange, Black River, N. Y. II. II. Goff, Secretary State Grange, Spencerport, N. Y. Prof. ll. II. \Ving, Ithaca, N. Y. l\Irs. Carrie E. Twing, Chautauqua, N. Y. Mrs. B. B. Lord, Sinclairville, N. Y. oiiio. E. L. Hale, Lecturer State Grange, Bath, Ohio, Rev. S. H. Ellis, Past Master State Grange, Springborougli. Ohio. C. M. Freenian, Rex, Ohio. Rei Ratliburn, Vienna Cross Roads, Ohio. F. A. Dcrtliick, lVI21nl'.llZl, Ohio. D. M. King, i\Iantua, Ohio. E. C. Ellis, Creston, Ohio. Jos. L. Myers, New Guilford, Ohio. Of the above Rei Rathburn and L. Myers will lecture for $15.00 per week and expenses; the others for $18.00 per week and expenses. PENNSYLVANIA. J. T. Ailman, Lecturer of the State Grange Thompsontown, Pa. Dr. B. ll. \Varren, will lecture on Birds and Mam- mals, \Vest Chester, Pa. Dr. Rotliwels, will lecture on Forestry and other scientific subjects, VV/est Chester, Pa. The above will go out of the state to lecture on very reasonable terms, to be arranged when invited. WISCO.\7SIN; Loomis Benson, Lecturer State Grange, Oakland, \Vis. VVill enter upon lecture work as soon as pressing business will permit. Terms reasonable, and given when invited. By order of the Executive Committee of the National Grange, P. of H. J. J. VVOODMAN, Secretary. HOW’S THIS! We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for any case of Czitarrh that cannot be cured by I-Iall’s Ca- iarrh Cure. F. CHENEY & CO., Props. Toledo, 0. We the undersigned, have known F. Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe him perfectly honora- ble in all business transactions and financially able to carry out any obligation made by their firm. West & Truax, \Vliolesale Druggists, Toledo, O. Walding, Kinnan & l\’Ia.rvin, \Vholesale Druggists, Toledo, Ohio. l'lall’s Catarrh Cure is taken internally, acting di- rectly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. Sold by all Drug- gists. Testimonials free. National No Patron can atford to do without the "VISITOR. ‘ill’-‘J(rI'h’|“r-U-< -. . I... , THE GRANGE VISITOR. JUNE 7, 1894-. ATRONS' PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS have sold Ingersoll Paint to the Order P. of H. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out- buildings, 10,000 Farmers testify to their merits. Grange Halls, Churches, School Houses, Dwellings, all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still looking well, prove them the most durable. AINT MICHIGAN PATRONS “Buy direct from Factory ” at full Wholesale Prices and save all Middlemt-m’s Profits. o. w. INGERSOLL, Prop. Oldest Paint House in America 241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn lugersolls Liquid Rubber Paints _ Indestructible Cottage and Burn Paints Sample Color Cards, “Confidential” Grunge Discounts, Est mates and full particulars MAILED FREE. Write at once. MICHIGAN STUCK BREEDERS. College and $*a*i0n- The Professors at the Michigan Agriculture) All those who wish to purchase pure- bred Si0C1< 0i any d€SCiiPii0iirWi11iiIil‘ :34I.pl('. St-ml 211 ()lll"(‘ {or Ulll' (‘,0l"l)pll‘ll‘ (‘.'m'.lII:IIn l I)» of (‘\‘(‘l'}' kiml of U ,_ Vl‘IIiI'l(*<\‘ llarru-.6os.:Ils._...’._.... THE GRANGE VISITOR. 7 GRANGE DIRECTORY. Patrons Will Find These Firms Reliable and Can Get Special Prices From Them. P] A N Special inducements allthe time “mo S Sviand for Cgtalogueg, Dirgct 0 R 0-ANS F3252??? y.£i““p. FEES’ ..I.’i , . of your Grange on your letter paper, or send trade card to secure benefit of special manufact- , . nrers prices direct to Grangers. The Honey Creek Grange Nurseries have been under contract with the State Grunge of Ohio for over ten 'ears, and have dealt extensively in Indiana and l\' ichigzin also. Special prices sent to anyone under seal of the Gran e Give us a trial. We can save you money. A dress Isaac Freeman & Son, Rex, Ohio. PATRONS' OIL WORKS. DERRICK OH. 00. F. G. BELLAMY, Prop'r, Titusville, Pa. Lubricating and Burning Oils of the highest guality, at wholesale prices. Try our Elite Burn- ing Oil, inade specially for family use. Write for prices. Address DERRICK OIL C0,, Titusville, Pa. THE NEW REGULATION BADGE Adopted by the National Grange Nov. 24, 1893, is manufactured by THE ‘VI-IITEEIEAD 8.7 HOAG C0,, Newark, N. J., Under contract with the Executive Committee of the National Grange. Sample sent. to any Secretary under seal of Grange. free of charge. Write for catalogue. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY Oflicers National Grange. MASTEE—J. H. BRIGHAM ________ ..Delta. Olflo OVERSEEB——E. W. DAVIS ____ ..Santa Rosa. (Jal- LEc'rUEEa—ALPHA MESSER..-.Rocbester. Yt. gTEwARD_M_ B_ UNT _________,_ ._.__Ma1ne Ass”: STEW.-\BD—A. M. BELCHER Rhodelsland Cii.IirLAIN—~S. L. WlLSON.___.. . Mississipm TBEASURER—MRS. F. M. M(‘.DQWE_LL_...N. Y sEORE'I'ABY—JOHN TRIMBLE,“ asbmgtorl. D-C_ GATE KEEPEa—W. E. I-IARBAUGIL ._.. Missouri CEBES—MRS. M. S. RHONE .....Pennsylvania P°“°“‘fi%§Sil'lh‘}a‘L“‘%t“lPS“-"m;.‘§.:§§?: E.-\— . . ____ -- Iiilgr Ass’r S'rEw‘D—MBS. AMANDA HORTON Mic liigan . Executive Committee. LEONARD RHONE..Center Hall, Pennsylvania R. R. iiUi‘<‘.H1NS0N.---.-...-.. .- -—----‘Tlralnla J_ J, WQODMAN _________ _,Paw Paw. Michigan Oflicers Michigan State Grange. M“,-EB_G, B, HORTON _________ _.Fruit. Ridge 0vE3sEEn—M. T. COLE .-.Pa1_mY1'l} LEc'ruaEa——A. J. Y‘ Ypzllag.“ _ _ _ ‘RA rc ie E::":I‘ASR'Il‘)EW‘:BI))—II. H. MARTIN, Box 442,1§ra_nd G N O U‘ U3 1" <- ta tip 5 _ .—l\IARY A. MAYO ____ __Battle Creek T§E.I§tiiIiEii—l~.‘. A. STRONG... _..V1cksburg SECRETARY--JENNIE BUELL ....... ..Ann Arbor GATE KEEPEn——GEO. L. CARLISLE. Kalkaska CEBEs——MARY C. ALLIS Adrian FLouA——MRS SAHAHA ST. (‘LAIR._Butt_ernut PoiuoNA—MtiS. A. A. LEIGH'I‘0N_ . _01d Mission L. A.SrEw’n—-MRS. J .H. MARTIN Grand Rapids I Executive Committee. J. G. RAMSDELL. Chn ......... —-Traverse. Gm? H_ D_ PLAT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ , _ _:_YpS1lantl THOs_ MAR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __Berrien Center w_ E_ WRIGHT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __()o1dwater PERRY MAYO... .Battle (/reek It ii. ’I‘Altl..()I{ ..... -—She1.bY F W REDFER}, ____________ __Maple Rapids ORTON’ l Exofiicio I :...Al]l1 Arbor Committee on Woman’s Work in the Grange. B I C k __________ ,_ tte ree Elli: Edi-§ésI‘l'1.IeIi3vl)(.))c'1'iii'ii¢is E Stanton M,.,,_ Belle Royce ________________________ __Baroda General Deputy Lecturers- ____________ __B ttl C k fiI3i~l¥JE'.i1.” Ab%D'M1iN _ . _ _ _ . . . "E. Pgw Ifziw ON. 0. G. L UE Goldwater HON. PERRY MAYO _..Ba_ttle greek HON THOS. MARS .. ...Berrlen ilenter JASON WOODM.A\I_ _.-.P8W P_fiW A_ _ BANWK _____ __ _._Lansing g_ L_ W1-IITNEY _____________________ ..Muskegon County Deputies. _ __,_;\t\\'ood, Antriin C". Bloonii gdulc, .~\llcg.'in “ ___lnl:ivid, licnzic “ _Dowling, llarrv “ Union Cit_\', llraiich “ _ _liucli;mau, licrricn “ _____ “St. Julius, Clinton “ Battle Creek, C:ilhouii “ ll E, B. \V2ird.__ _ ‘ . “ Alirzini .\liller _‘__,l)U'l\'1lL{lllL‘, _L:'.>s “ F_ 1], O_gl)()f[| itoii liupids, I‘ q Isaac Russc-ll__, .‘ “ _]olin Pzissniorc ____ .. _..1‘ , E. O. Ladd____()ld Mission, ( ' hlrs E. D. Nokcs“___\\'lii::ill:in(I, llill.~d:i.- R Brown___ ___S:ind Beach, lluron “ D: H’ E,-,g1j_,»1)__ ____,Ch:in(llur, I()lll2l “ F “K }l:i\'cns .1-‘itcliluiiig, In_<.:li:iin ]..A. Courtri it_ _I)Lick Lake, Jackson “ Robert De kcry James Greascn ____ -. Hiram Briidslimv ____ .. Fred Dczin ____________ .. E_ \‘f. Allis___. Geo. II. Lcs.tcr__. D, R. Van Auiherg Jessie E. V’\ illizuus_. in Al is _K:ilk:isk;l, Kzilkaskzi “ North Brunch, ipccr _:}\dri2Ln, Lciiziivee Crystal, .\lontc:llni “ ear Luke, .\l‘.llllSI.L:C __Big l{:11)l(l€, .\lcL0sL:i _I)isco, I\l:iconih lat Rock, Monroe “ 'cnn.'i, Uuskcgoii Ashland, .\'ew:i_vgo " so : ‘E. :- 3 .. 7. :2’ T. F. Rodger \V, VV. Carter _ _ C _l __ _ Y yyilzlnti ():lkl:uid “ Eofiert Ikolduiird llu sbnvillb, ()it;i\v:i “ R II. Tavlor ._...5ll€ll’Vs_ 0“ 1”“ ‘I D. i\’IlIYllll _ _ _ . ,. Vernon, . ii-.i\v: sue “ _____ __lliirtsiiff, St. Clair “ Ccuterrillc, St. _]o_scph “ Robert 'l‘rcbv__: "Birch Run, S;igin_:uv M. C Kerr _ ___ ___C.'irs(mville, S2lllll.’lC Helen A. Fisl-(E:-_____L2i\vrcncc, \':iii liurcii “ lohn E, \Vilcox __________ ___l’l_\-inougll. W=1.vHe John A. I\lcl)oug'.il____Ypsil:uiti, \\ :islitcii:iw H R_ C_ A\'O,.,-is ____________ __C;.;h11-.15, \\ cxford Revised List 01‘ Grange Supplies Kept in the oflice of Sec’y of the Michigan State Grange And sent out post-paid on receipt ‘of (lash Order, over the Seql of E1 Bl:I.')0l‘dl;late izrange, and the ‘ ' ture 0 its as er or ecre ary. Pgiggliiin ballot marbles, per hundred ..... ..$0 75 Secretary’s ledger .......................... —- 55 Secretary's record .......................... -- 'I‘reasurer’s orders, bound, per hundred ____ . . Secretary’s receipts for dues, per hundred... 35 'I‘reasurer’s receipts for dues, per hundred. __ 35 A plications for membership, per hundred__ jclidrawal cards. per dozen ............. -- Dimits, in envelopes. per dozen-_ -------- - By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies, l0c;per dozen..._ ...... ..._..,., ........ ..,... "Glad Echoes,”with music, single copies, -1 all 25c; per dozen... ———————————————————————— ~- 3 00 Grange Melodies, single copy, 40¢; per dozen 4 0(_) Opening Song ('ard, Zc each; 750 per 50; 100.. 1 3:) Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees). Czfic each' per dozen ...... .:.. .. . 2 75 Rituals, fitli degree,_set of mu _ 1 89 Rituals, J uvenile, single copy . lo Rituals, Juvenile. Der 88$-H —- - 1 50 Notice to delinquent merrgbe . 00 . 40 American Manual of Parliamentary Law. - 50 pi eat, of Laws and Rulings ............... .. 25 Bio books --------------------------------- -- sample package co—operative literature..... _ Write for priceaon gold pins badges, working tools, etafl mountipgs. seals. ballot boxes and any other grunge s11PD1103- Address MISS J ENNIE BUELL, ANN ARBOR. Mica. Brain Work. CONDUCTED BY “NANCY LEE.” Open to all. Contributions and solutions de- sired. Issued the first and third Thursdays of each month. Subscription 50 cents per year. Address all puzzle matter to THOMAS A. MILLAR, 500, izth Street, Detroit, Mich. SOLUTIONS TO BRAHV WORK XX. No. 129. No. 130. R I LAB ANS MITER ANTES METTLED A STERTS LITTLE] ON ANTIGRAPH RATTL EPATE D INTEGRATION BELEPERED SERRATURE RETARDS STATUTE DOTES SPIRE NED HOE D N No. 131. Plea-sure. No. 132. Fag—end. No. 134. No. 133. C F COP LO CA NED LATERAL CIRCLET ABATES CARQUEFOU TAT'l‘A CONCURRENTS LETTSR PELERINGS ' FOREARM DEFENDS AS TON ES L UTS S SOLVERSTO BRAIN VVORK XIX AND XX. Granite Poser, 6: Frantz, Columbia, 4%,; ‘I. C. M., 4; Calvin, G. \Vhizz, H. Ennis, Bourgeois, Lily May, Vetturino, Sylvester, Black-Eyed Charley, Atossa, Eth Oswy, 3; Edris, Romola, Isis, Terfmop, Lillian, Phil. 0. Sopher, Dick Graver, Sappho. 2; Zadia, 1. ORIGINAL PUZZLES, No. xxiii. /Vox, 148 am!’ 1,z9.—Di