 

“THE FARZIIER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENOE THAN THE FARJVI, AND SIIOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.”

    
VOL. XIX, NO. 14.

LANSING, MICHIGAN, JULY 19, 1894.

WHOLE NO. 446.

STATE DEPARTMENTS.

Board of Corrections and Cliarities, Board
of Health, and the Judiciary.

[\\'c invite our readers to ask any questions they in-.i_v wish
in regard to the details of work, condiict, or_expensc of any
department which we li2i\'c-alreiidy described in this series of
articles. \\'e shall be glzid to reply to the best of our ability‘.
through the \'isiToR.]

Board of Corrections and Charities.

The state board of _corrections and
charities was established in 1872, and con-
sists of the governor, ex oﬂicio, and four
commissioners appointed by him, each for
a period of eight years. The Irlembefﬁ
receive no compensation except expenses.
The board chooses a secretary who ‘has his
oﬂice in the capitol. The board visits each
penal, reformatory, and charitable state
institution at least once a year, and usually
two or three times a year. For this pur-
pose the institutions are divided among
the members of the board, each visiting a
prison, a reformatory, and an asylum, _as
near as may be. The aim in these visits
is to notice the appearance of the inmates,
with their food and care, the care of the
property, cleanliness, and to some extent
the accounts. All such institutions in the
state have a uniform system of keeping
accounts which is in accordance with a
manual furnished by the state accountant.
Suggestions are made by the visiting
member as he may see ﬁt. _

When each of these institutions makes
up its estimates for legislative appropria-
tions. the estimates in detail are submitted to
the board of corrections and charities. The
board considers the estimates, after a person-
al visit for the special purpose of determi-
ningtheneedsoftheinstitution, and reports

its opinion to the board of control of the in-‘

stitution. This report is published with
the report of the institution to the legisla-
ture. Frequently the requests of the
institution are cut down by the board of
charities, and the legislature is very apt to
follow the advice of the latter board.

The law also requires that when any of
these institutions desire to build, the plans
of the building, the ventilation, sewerage,
and heating must be submitted to the
board of charities for approval. And no
money can be paid out of the state treas-
ury for the carrying out of these plans
until the board of corrections and chari-
ties shall have ﬁled with the auditor gen-
eral an opinion that the work can be done
within the amount speciﬁed by the appro-
priation. _

The board divides the state into ﬁve
districts for the purpose of visiting county
jails and poorhouses, each member of the
board, including the secretary, taking a
district. The board reports the state of
affairs as they ﬁnd them with reference to
the buildings, care of inmates, ﬁre protec-
tion and escapes, etc. The board has no
authority to compel changes to be made,
but does make recommendations. And
if the authorities do not reform the
evils it may call attention to the
matter through the local papers. The
boarddesires to have a law passed that Wlll
require plans of jails to be submitted to it
for approval.

Pauper patients from VVayne county
may, after two years, be supported In the
Wayne county insane asylum at state ex-
pense. The board certiﬁes that the care
has been adequate and proper, and on such
certiﬁcation the charges are allowed by the
board of auditors. _ _

The board of corrections and charities
also passes on the cases of those insane who
have developed dangerous tendencies, and
on its approval such patients are sentto
the asylum for dangerous and criminal in-
sane at Ionia.

The institutions that come under the
scope of the board’s labors are as follows:

PRISONS.

State prison, Jackson. _

House of correction, Ionia.
Branch of state prison. Marquette.
House of correction, Detroit.

REFORMATOBIES.

Industrial home for boys, Lansing.
H “ “ girls, Adrian.

CHARITABL E INSTITUTIONS.

Michigan asylum for insane, Kalamazoo.

Eastern Michigan asylum, Pontiac. I

Northern ' " Traverse Oity. . _
Asylum for dangerous and criminal insane, lonia.
state public school, Goldwater.

School for the deaf, Flint. _

“ “ blind, Lansing.

After this year there will be added the

upper peninsula asylum at N ewberry, and
the home for feeble minded at Lapeer, both
now in process of building.

The so called “county agents” are really
agents of the board of corrections and char-
ities. They are however appointed by the
governor. They hold office until removed.
Their pay is $3 a day when doing state work
limited to an aggregate of $100 per annum,
and necessary expenses. Their expenses

are additional to those of the board of

charities.

When a child under 16 years of age is
arrested, the county agent is notiﬁed, and
makes a thorough examination of the case,
and reports results to the court, with re-
commendations, which latter are usually
adopted by the court. As a consequence,

only about one-third of those arrested are ‘

ever sent to the raformatories. The fol-
lowing facts are for the ﬁscal year 1892.

No. of arrests by county agents ________________________ __ 812
Average age of those arrested___. ._

 
Returned to parents._ ___ ___ 241
Suspended sentence ______ __ 166
Discharged __________ ._ 108
Fined _________________________________________________ __ 59
Committed to reformatories _________________________ _ . 230
Children placed in homes from state institutions _____ _. 396

There is an annual conference of the
county agents with the board of corrections
and charities, and the county agents have a
state association. The expense of the county
agent system is about $6,000 per year. The
system is peculiar to Michigan. The county
agent also visitsthe residences of those who
wish children from state institutions, and
makes recommendations concerning them.
He places the child there and visits there
occasionally to see if the child is receiving
proper care. We shall give the duties of
the county agents more in detail, in the
future

nxrnnsns.

An appropriation of $5,000 a year is
made for the expenses of the board. On
the average $900 a year of this is covered
back into the treasury as non-expended.
The secretary receives $2,000 a year, and
he has a stenographer at $660. Traveling
expenses average about $900 a year, and
the miscellaneous expenses of printing,
stationery, etc., are about $500 a year.

State Board of Health.

This board consists of six members,
appointed by the governor, the term of
office being six years. The members serve
without pay except necessary expenses.
The board chooses a secretary who has an
office in the capitol, and who is the execu-
tive oﬂicer of the board. He receives a
salary of $3,000 a year. The board has
regular quarterly meetings, and occasional
special meetings.

The object of the existence of this board
is stated in the law which deﬁnes their
duties to be as follows: “They shall have
the general supervision of the interests of
the health and life of the citizens of this
state. They shall especially study the
vital statistics of this state, and endeavor
to make intelligent and proﬁtable use of
the collected records of deaths and of sick-
ness among the people. They shall make
sanitary investigations, and inquiries re-
specting the causes of disease, and espec-
ially of epidemics; the causes of mortality,
and the effects of localities, employments,
conditions, ingesta, habits and circum-
stances on the health of the people. They
shall when required, or when they deem it
best, advise oﬂicers of the government, or
other state boards, in regard to the location,
drainage, water supply, disposal of excreta,
heating and ventilation, of any public in-
stitutioii or building. They shall from
time to time recommend standard works
on the subject of hygiene for the use of
the schools of the state.”

The board is intended to cooperate with
the local boards of health, of which there
is one in every city, village, and township.
Dangerous and contagious diseases are the
ones to which special attention is given.
In such cases the physician in attendance
is expected to report the facts to the local
health official, and he to the state board of
health. Occasionally the notice of such
cases is obtained from the daily and local
papers. When the case is thus reported or
noticed, leaﬂets containing material that
instructs in a plain and brief way the best
methods of restricting that disease, are at
once forwarded to the local health official.
He distributes the leaﬂets at the house con-

Continued on page 5. '

POLITICS VS. STATESMANSHIP.

First prize oration. delivered _by Mr. L. A. Wilson, class of
94. Michigan Agricultural College.
No

llllisgovernment is a universal evil.
nation has ever existed without its de-
structive ‘inﬂuence. That we have misgov-
ernment in our midst, seems, at ﬁrst, diﬁi-
cult to understand, yet its evidences sur-
round us on every hand. A disordered
political system, an ineﬂicient civil service,
a stunted ballot, and a deranged currency;
all these stare us in the face if we will but
see them. And we naturally ask, “Whence
this misgovernment? Who has thus dared
to deface the fair page of our nation’s his-
tory?” For our answer we can only turn

' to those who have conducted the affairs of

our government; them must we hold re-
sponsible, and them censure.

Public men may be divided into two
classes, the politicians and the statesmen.
I propose to point out the difference be-
tween these two factors in our government,
and the inﬂuence of each on our politics;
to show how the politicians have sown the
seeds of misgovernment that have germi-
nated, grown, and ripened into such fruit-
ful sources of political evil.

Who is the American politician‘? By
the politician I do not mean any man who
enters public life, but that man with whom
national and public welfare are second in
importance to self and party interests.
Here we may properly make a distinction
and divide the politicians into two classes:
the one, narrow—minded and bigoted; the
other, selﬁsh and covetous.

The narrow-minded politician is that
mar whose methods and beliefs are not
bars 3 .on broad and liberal ideas that tend

«Va 1». acres: untl, :1dva,ncement, but on the '

narrow path of party afi’iliation._ He lathe
conservative who never sees a question in
but one light. As a law-maker he rushes
along in this rut of bigotry, and turns a
deaf ear to the appeals of liberal men, who,
on every side, urge him to stop and con-
sider some new plans for public welfare.
He cries out that they must leave those
branching avenues of new thought and"
stick to the old party rut; that all other
roads are of quicksand and lead down into
the darkest pits of national distress. He
is bound fast to the spoke of the party
Wheel which often crashes down the hill of
defeat, carrying with it tens of thousands of
adherents, crushing with merciless force
vast numbers who are left mangled and
bleeding in its wake. He is the man who
believes that everything outside of his
party’s principles is Wrong, impracticable,
and the institution of traitors; that what-
ever his party advocates is right, and
should be adopted by the people. His
party is his religion, his God, his all.
Although he may do no intentional harm,
yet he hinders legislation, prevents the
passage of unbiased laws, and thus defeats
the ends of government.

The selﬁsh politician is that man whose
highest ambition is personal success, and
who seeks to satiate his avarice through
party success. He has no scruples as to
what means he employs to accomplish his
ends. He takes into his conﬁdence and
makes use of the most depraved specimens
of humanity only so they will secure him
votes. His strongholds are the cities, the
saloon his workshop and the saloonkeeper
his accomplice. He wields the tools of
wheedling, bulldozing, bribery, and any
form of corrupt inﬂuence that will serve
his purpose. Political rings and an un-
principled press are his supporters. With a
complete system of bosses, workers and
lieelers, primaries are manipulated, con-
ventions and nominations prearranged, and
elections inﬂuenced. Is this government
of the people, by the people, and for the
people? No! It is American politics.

Our political parties are bigoted and un-
compromising, each claiming that the only
safe solution to public questions is through
the adoption of its particular principles;
that the moment one steps oﬁ the old party
platform and advocates a different founda-
tion for national laws, he endangers the
safety of the nation. Why do not our
two great political parties come down from
the old rickety party structures and meet
on a common ground of liberal thought, to
discuss and solve those problems which are
so vital to the people? On the contrary,
in framing legislation, while one party,

through lengthy speeches, calls heaven and
earth to witness that the country is ruined
if the opponents have a remnant of power
left, the other party is in the committee
room arranging a ﬁlibuster or other wire-
piilling scheme. Is this legislation for the
masses and for the best solution of great
national problems? No! It is American
politics.

Another phase‘ of our politics which is
in a deplorable condition is our civil ser-
vice. It has become a shameless jobbing
and gambling in offices, a menace to our
welfare, and a reproach to our civilization.
“To the victors belong the spoils” is the
key-note to our present system of civil ap-
pointments. Never was a principle more
false and misleading. The fruits of that
most unwise doctrine inaugurated by An-
drew Jackson, have grown and augmented
into a proliﬁc source of political evil. Ap-
pointments in our civil service are not
made on a basis of individual merit, but as
premiums for party affiliation and compen-
sations for party work. Instead of honest
and capable officers, faithful to the public
trust, we have brawling politicians who dis-
grace the public books with their scrawling
chirograpliy and their blundering arithme-
tic and grammar. Incompetency and dis-
honesty ﬁnd their way to good positions
and fat salaries through this contemptible
system of partisan appointments. Nor is
there any incentive fora man of honesty
and ability to seek employment in the civil
service; for when the tide of public favor
turns, he must steps down and out to make
room for some green demagogue who has
yelled the party yell and must have his re-
ward. Is this a. public service of which

., V

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u‘: :2 1.uu._‘,' lot; It/LVKA: _ - v . - 4.1. .a -i.Li.iC‘-Yiuurl
-politics. . ‘ I 

Will Ol'.II'(.;-l3.IlJe.'i...3i'&i‘-AI‘. f;)(’:’0"g-,l7,,y#...';f!.,  ~ fl ;
from this bondage of politfda. sla.very‘§ﬁ:d"'  ‘

assert their rights? Will they ever cease
to be blindfolded by the politicians, who
play with the interests of the people while
great national questions are burning for a
solution? Or will they stand by in this
blind way till the sun of freedom sets on
the “Iaterloo of their brightest hopes?

But we have another class of public men,
the statesmen, who, like the Spartans of
Thermopylae, have stood ﬁrmly by the
standard of political purity. \Vho is this
American statesman? What has been his
inﬂuence on our politics? The statesman
is the ideal American citizen; zealous for
the right and the maintenance of liberty
and equality; law-abiding and free-thiiik-
ing. He is the broad-minded liberalist
whose ideas are not biased by party preju-
dices, but are builded on the ﬁrm founda-
tion of patriotic judgment; whose every
action is with an eye single to the nation’s
Welfare; who accepts no party’s principles
because that party advocates them, but
only that after thorough consideration he
believes they are right. This is the ideal
statesman who cares not for party; whose
highest ambition is to serve his country;
who is never influenced by any form of
corruption. This is the man of whom we
may well be proud. This is statesmansliip.

The inﬂuence of the statesmen on our
politics has been of inestimable value.
They have acted as a check on the mad
rush of the politicians in legislation.
They have fought the battle for good and
honest government. They have started
every great scheme for improvement.
They have effected every great reform.

We have seen the effects of two great
forces in our politics. Let us consider a
few needed reforms.

First, we should effect a speedy and
radical reform in our civil service. Not
party afﬁliatioii and party work, but indi-
vidual ability alone should be considered
as a recommendation to ofﬁce. Our civil
service should be conducted on a basis of
rigid examinations as is our military de-
partinent. Let examinations be held by
capable, unbiased men, and let it never be
asked of an applicant, “ To what party do
you belong?” Thorough business princi-
ples should be observed. Do not throw
men out every time the political tide turns,
but insure to good men permanence of em-
ployment and chance of promotion. Then
will the best talent of the land be attracted
to this department, and it will be raised
from out the mire of disgrace, to an honor.

Continued on page 5,

  
THE GRANGE VISITOR.

JULY 19, 1894.

Field and Sfock.

FRUIT REPORT.

R. M. KELLOGG.

In many respects this has been a remark-
able season for fruit men. By the middle
of March frost was well out of the ground,
and April 1 found things two weeks in ad-
vance of the season. Then followed a cold
wave, freezing everything solid. The suc-
ceeding warm wave was especially favorable
for planting. Then followed a cold, wet
season for several weeks, May 19 a snow
storm, and sleet in many places. Although
fruit was well advanced there seemed to
have been little injury done. Foliage
appeared bright and in good shape, and
apple trees loaded in excess; but when the
hot, dry weather followed the mischief
done manifested itself. The foliage of ap-
ples having been frosted, turned a dark
brown, and apples began dropping badly,
and for a time it was thought the entire
crop would go the ground. But under the
stimulus of abundant rain the foliage re-
newed itself, and now we are able to report
at least a half of a good crop throughout
the state.

Curl leaf for a time seriously threatened
the peach crop, trees everywhere being
seriously atfected. Many resorted to spray-
ing with good results, but the bright siin-
shine and dry weather brought out new
leaves all too soon, as the trees are now
loaded in excess, and thinning will have to
be resorted to in many places if_ﬁne fruit
is to be harvested. With an entire loss in
the southwest and east, Michigan peach
growers may expect the most proﬁtable crop
in recent years.

The plum was seriously injured by cold,
many fruits being frozen on the northeast
side, and others chilled so they dropped,
but in most orchards enough remain to
make a full crop. The shot hole fungus
has in many places attacked the foliage,
and unless Bordeaux mixture is applied
and thorough cultivation given to stimu-
late growth, the middle of August or Sep-

tember will ﬁnd the trees loaded with plums  called up for the next feed. To maintain

and not a leaf to ripen them or mature the
wood for winter, and so we may expect
many trees will be destroyed the coming
winter.

Pears may be regarded as a large crop.
Blight has appeared in many places, but
people generally have learned the remedy
and so little injury will follow.

Strawberries have been a moderate crop

in all parts of the state. but prices have 5

ruled high, so that Ollilfﬁfe whole the crop
will be reg: ‘fded as m01“\6 proﬁtabl-'2 than in’
other yearsﬁ The warm weather of early
spring sent the crop forward unseasonably,

and in some places frost did considerable i

injury. The subsequent cold weather pre-
vented the full growth of the berry, and

the hot and excessively dry weather ripen- 

Much of it on account i _ _ _
' market prices for hay and grain raised on

ed it up quickly.
of cold, wet weather was not well polina-
ted, and so it was “ buttony” and ill-shaped.
Few places have been fully supplied with
this luscious fruit. Although there has
been considerable of an increase in acreage,
there will not under ordinary conditions
be a surplus next year.

Gardeners report at all horticultural
meetings that the demand for vegetables
has greatly fallen off, people preferring a
light fruit diet instead of the beet, turnip,
hog and hominy diet of the past; so let no
one fear the want of a market for strictly
nice fruit. The old standard varieties have
held their own, but decidedly promising
varieties are in sight, so that improvements
in this direction will in the near future be
very marked.

Raspberries, now beginning to appear in
the market, promise a liberal reward to the
grower. While the crop is quite large the
demand will also be great. There have
been few fungi or other diseases to work
injury, and fruit is fairly well developed.
IVith good rains the quality will be high
and consumption thereby largely increased
and offerings promptly taken.

Blackberries are especially promising.
The winter in no section injured the canes
and they have set very full. Dry weather
is the great obstacle to successful black-
berry culture. Constant stirring of the
soil or mulching with green clover or other
heavy mulch is the remedy, and where lib-
berally applied a good crop may be ex-
pected, rain or no rain.

Grapes have been injured in some local-
ities by frost, and in others the steel blue
grape vine beetle has done much mischief.
In most places the little pest was put on
an arsenic diet and the crop saved; many
were negligent and the crop was destroyed.
But very few cases of black rot are reported
so far, but with those who have made lib-
eral applications of Bordeaux mixture lit-
tle damage may be feared from this source.
Thus it is that Michigan again is classed
as a favored state. ’

Ionia.

SWINE NOTES.

A. H. WARREN.

Don’t allow the swill barrel to foment
and sour until it is almost impossible to go

near it. Sweet food is relished by the pigs
as well as by yourself.

Plenty of shade and cool water are very
essential for the pigs nowadays.

\Vheat ground and soaked from 6 to 12
hours makes an excellent food for the pigs,

and is as cheap as anything at present‘

prices.

Now that most of the spring pigs are
weaned, the sows that are bred for fall
litters should be kept in good condition, as
raising two litters a year is a great strain
on the vital forces of the brood sow.

Castrate all pigs that are not wanted for
breeders, before they are six months old;
they will do better and there is less risk to
run than when left to an older age.

Don’t compel the pigs to be shut up in a
close pen with board ﬂoors, these hot sum-
mer days. Give them the run of a past-
ure lot and they will grow more bone and
stand upon their feet much better.

One of the secrets of proﬁtable pork
raising consists in pushing an animal when
young so that it is ready for market early,
and giving food adapted to the wants and
condition of the animal.

It is not so much in knowing what the
pigs need as in looking after and applying
those needs that counts, and the practical
swine raiser is always on the alert for those
needs.

It is to the advantage of every breeder
and feeder to foster a quiet disposition in
his herd. A quiet pig will thrive and do
much better than one that is always on the
move and ready to run at the drop of the
hat.

After pigs once learn to eat, they should
be fed regularly at stated times, three
times a day, always taking care to feed
what they will eat up clean, and yet not so
much but that they will be ready when

the best growth it is always necessary to
gradually increase the rations as they in-
crease in growth; for the man who feeds
the same ration daily will ﬁnd he is making
a serious mistake.
Ovid.

FOR THE
I-‘ARMER.

SHROPSIIIRES GENERAL

‘IL
...,,t. 1‘;
GEO. E. BKECK.

II.

It is only with mutton bred sheep that
feeders can expect any proﬁt from the
feeding pen. W'ith those sheep that are
pre-eminently wool bearers it has been
impossible for the last two years to obtain

the farm by feeding it to the sheep. On
the contrary, when the same feed is fed to
mutton bred sheep, those whose breeding
has established the habit of laying on ﬂesh
an(l thoroughly appropriating the food con-
sumed, there has always been and we ex-
pect always will be a fair proﬁt in feeding,
besides the large quantity of valuable
manure that we thus have for preserving
the fertility of the farm. In the agricult-
ure of the future we shall be obliged to
adopt the best methods of the older agri-
cultural communities in returning to the
soil more than has been found necessary
on virgin soil. This will compel us to feed
the products of the farm to animals for

slaughter, instead of selling the hay and

grain.
The half blood lambs are stronger and
more vigorous from the day they are drop-
ped. At one year old half bloods from good
grade ewes should weigh from 100 to 125
pounds, which at the low average prices
prevailing for the last six months, or from
$4.50 to $5.00 per hundred, would make
these yearlings when ready for the sham-
bles at one year old worth from $5 to $6
per head. I have several times computed
carefully from actual accounts kept the ex-
pense of raising one of these sheep, includ-
ing the grain which they have in the lamb
creep, pasture during the summer, and
feed in the fattening pen,and adding 50 cents
per head for the expense of shipping and
selling, and I can only make the average
expense on such sheep $2.25 per head, and
this leaves us a balance for proﬁt that can
be shown by no other farm animal at the
present time. That the prices of choice
mutton will be lower than at the present
time I do not believe. That there is bound
to be a general change from wool produc-
ing to mutton sheepI have no doubt. The
signs of the times all point in that direct-
ion. Every farmer must keep a few sheep,
and I do not believe that we can reasonably
expect the proﬁtable prices for wool in the
future which we have had in the past. Of
course, this will largely increase the num-
ber of mutton sheep, but with this increase
will be an improvement in the quality of
mutton which will lead to a larger con-
sumption of this kind of meat, and I be-
lieve that the consumption will keep pace
with its production.

It is impossible for the large ranches of
the west with their drouths and sparse feed
to ever produce the best quality of mut-
ton. Early lamb raising has a promising
future, and in this the ranch men cannot
compete. The best mutton sheep have
been brought to their present high state
by favorable conditions, liberal feeding,
and careful breeding, and the farmers who
can and will continue these necessary con-
ditions are not numerous. The ﬁeld is
necessarily narrow on this account, and
while the man who will secure a good ﬂock
of mutton sheep and raise for them the
proper kind of food and give it to them in a
sufﬁcient quantity is an exception, I believe
his reward is certain and will be satisfac-
tory. In the competition among the ditfer-
ent breeds of mutton sheep the Shropshire
stands as a medium sheep. Between the
over-large, long wool breeds that cannot
stand the extremes of our climate and that
do not “ nick” well with the common sheep,
and the smaller breeds which, while full of
quality, are not large enough to meet the
demands of our people and that shear too
light a ﬂeece, the Shropsliires will hold the
leading place in the future, as they do at
present, and will always return a fair proﬁt
for good care.

Paw Paw.

MICHIGAN FINE WOOL SHEEP AT THE

WORLIPS FAIR.

The exhibit of ﬁne wools at the Colum-
bian Exposition was divided into four
classes, of which the American Merinos
furnished two, and the Delaines and Ram-
bouillets one each. The two classes of
American Merinos were termec “Merino
A” and “Merino B,” the only distinction
being that the latter included sheep of
larger carcass and enabled those Merino
breeders who are breeding more than for-
merly toward a mutton type, to show to
better advantage. In class “Merino A”
the Michigan exhibitors were Henry Burns,
Saline; A. A. lVood. Saline; IV. E. Boy-
den, Delhi Mills; and M. H. \Valworth,
Hillsdale. The Michigan men took prizes
as follows: Yearling i'ams—lV. E. Boyden,
second; Henry Burns, sixth. Ram lambs
—A. A. lVood, fourth. Aged ewes—\V. E.
Boyden, tirst; A. A. \Vood, third. Ewes
two years old——A. A. W'ood, third. Year-
ling ewes—lV. E. Boyden, ﬁrst and sec-
ond. Ewe lambs‘A. A. Wlood, third.
Aged ﬂocks—A. A. VVood, ﬁrst. Pen of
two rams and three ewes under two years,
bred by exhibitor—lV. E. Boyden, ﬁrst; A.
A. Wood, fourth. Sweepstakes ewe——\V.
E. Boyden.

The Michigan exhibitors in class “ Mer-
ino B” were Wood & Bissell, Saline; A. A.
VVood, Saline; ‘V. E. Boyden, Delhi Mills;
M. H. VValworth, Hillsdale, an(l C. H.
Williams, Church’s Corners. The awards
to Michigan men were: Aged rams——lVood
& Bissell, third. Rams two year olds—A.
A. Wood, third. Yearlings—A. A. lVood,
ﬁfth; W’. E. Boyden, sixth. Ram lambs—
A. A. Wood, fourth. Ewes, two year olds
A. A. lVood, ﬁfth. Yearling ewes—\V.
E. Boyden, second and sixth. Ewe lambs
VA. A. lVood, ﬁfth. Aged ﬂocks—A. A.
Wood, fourth. Pen of ﬁve ewes two years
or over——A. A. lVood, third. Pen of two
rams and three ewes under two years—A.
A. Wood, fourth.

In Delaine Merinos C. H. lVilliams of
Church’s Corners was the only entry from
Michigan. He secured second on two year
old rams; sixth on yearling rams; fourth
and ﬁfth on ram lambs; ﬁfth and sixth on
yearling ewes; ﬁfth on ewe lambs; third on
aged ﬂocks.

Michigan had no entries among the Ram-
bouillets.

ARTIFICIAL Il\'CL'BATIO.\'.

The following dgscription of Mr. Sam-

uel Porch’s establishment at Hammonton, A

N. J ., is from the Poultry Keepe1‘.'

“ There are two brooder houses, extend-
ing out from an incubator room. The
yards are only 5x16 each. and hold 100
chicks. The total capacity of the brooder
houses is 2,000 chicks every ten weeks. Mr.
Porch uses a hot water incubator. The
brooder system is hot water pipes, but
lamps are used in some of the apartments
on one side.

“Here we have a gentleman who is in
the broiler business on a town lot, and has
a capacity for 2,000 chicks, or as many as
he can attend to, yet he does not keep a
hen on the place. He buys eggs from
wherever he can get them, hatches them
in his incubator house, raises them for
market in the brooder houses, and they
never leave the house and yards until they
go to market. There is no foraging ground
or large lot for them to range upon. All
is done upon the town lot of 50 x 200 feet,
only half of which is devoted to broilers,
the other half being occupied by the dwell-
ing and yards. We have, then, 2,000 chicks
on one-eighth of an acre every ten weeks.
There are several other broiler places in
the town equally crowded, yet successful
and doing well.”

Mr. James Rankin of South Easton, has
been sending about 300 fat ducks per week
to market this season, all from his incuba-
tors and brooders; prices have been very
satisfactory. He also sells large numbers

for breeding purposes; his whole product
this year will be nearly 10,000. Here is a
man who uses an incubator of his own
make and proves its success.

WHY NOT, FARMERS.’

This is an age of organization. Capital
forms syndicates, railroads combine to keep
up passenger and freight rates, and to look
after their mutual interests. Merchants
unite for mutual benefit. Millers form as-
sociations looking to their interest in the
purchase of wheat and sale of ﬂour. Me-
chanics form trades unions with a view to
the betterment of their individual circum-
stances. Labor of all kinds unites to ad-
vance and improve its condition. Physi-
cians and lawyers have their associations
for the same purpose. Did it ever occur to
you that farmers constitute the only great
industrial class that have not availed them-
selves of the beneﬁts of strong and sys-
tematic organization‘? There is no other
occupation that needs the beneﬁts to be de-
rived from harmonious ogganization so
much as the farmer’s, and for the following
reasons:

1. The farmers need to meet together for
social and intellectual improvement.

2. Farmers, by meeting together and
comparing notes, in the consideration of
their methods and business, can learn much
from each other’s experience. It makes
them better farmers and leads to thrift and
improvement of the farm and its surround-
ings. At such meetings all that pertains
to the farm in the management of crops
and stock can be talked over to great ad-
vantage and mutual beneﬁt.

3. The question of markets and how best
to place the products of the farm on the

‘ market so as to realize the greatest amount

of proﬁt can be freely discussed.

4. In the matter of education these meet-
ings are calculated to stimulate thought,
study, and research, largely to the improve-
ment aiid benefit of the mental powers.
Farmers need also to understand parlia-
inentary usage, and the rules that obtain
in deliberative assemblies, so that they may
be able to preside at such public meetings
as they may choose to take part in, with
credit to themselves; and this information
they may acquire by meeting in an organ-
ized capacity. 7

7). At farnier‘s meetings the laws of the
state and nation can be studied and dis-
cussed, and those injiiriously affecting the
interests of agriculture pointed out and
remedies suggested. Through organiza-
tion farmers can better advise with meni-

-bers of congress or the legislature by

recommending such changes or modiﬁca-
tions as may appear desirable.

6. Farmers can meet without reference
to party politics, in all things keeping free
from partisan or sectarian bias, on a com-
mon or neutral ground, where all can unite
and consider questions pertaining to agri-
culture and agricultural interests.

7. In these deliberations questions af-
fecting the home and home comforts, the
lessening of the toil and worry of the wife
and daughter and how to make the home
pleasant, comfortable and happy—all can
be considered and determined.

8. Through organization farmers can of-
ten arrange practical methods of coopera-
tion that give little trouble and require no
risk, by which it is easy to buy or sell to-
gether at prices that make large saving to
the individual. This alone should be suf-
ﬁcient inducement to every farmer who
cares to better his condition, to join his
brother in some good organization.

9. The Grange is a farmer’s organization
free from partisan or sectarian bias, costing
but a small sum for membership and dues,
and one where the farmer, his wife, son
and daughter can all join; one worthy the
support and encouragement of all good
and honorable farmers.

The Grange earnestly and cordially in-
vites you to join with them in trying to im-
prove the farmer and advance his ﬁnancial,
social, and intellectual condition.

GEO. B. HORTON.

THE PERMANEXTLY THOUGHTFUL 

This one thing I write unto you love-
bewildered girls; you can trust your happi-
ness, other things being equal, to a tender
man, writes Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward
in the July Ladies’ Horne Journal. By
this I do not mean a man who makes a
good lover. All men make good lovers
while they are about it. The expressions
of courtship go for little. A girl who gives
herself to a man proved before marriage to
be rough or cold, deserves the fate that will
surely overtake her. How many roses does
he bring? How many kisses does he give?
These are not the questions. Are his vows
ardent? Are his letters affectionate? These
matter less than it would be possible to
make you believe.

But what kind of a son is he to an aged
or lonely father? Is he patient wiﬁfan
unattractive, an ailing, even a nagging
mother? Do you know how he treats his
sister?

“ Rest and change are good for people,” said the
wife as she rose in the night to riﬂe her husband’s
pockets. “ I ve had a rest, and now I think I’ll have
a little change.”-—Bu_//ala Courier.


JULY 19, 1894

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

3

Woman’s Work.

WOMAN’S WORK ON THE FARM.

[Read at Shelby Institute by Manda L. Crockei-._1
II.

In some some states, too, there is still
another item added to woman’s work on
the farm. For instance, in Indiana, the
wives and daughters do the milking. I re-
member a great reformation that took place
in a Hoosier neighborhood one happy
spring, however. A neighbor obtained a
farm-hand from somewhere (God bless
him). I guess he was a Yankee, born and
bred, who on his ﬁrst morning at his em-
ployer’s, rose early, fed the horses, cleaned
the stables and then came in for the milk
pail. When told that the women did the
milking, he held up his hands in horror
and said: “Where I work they will not.”
Well the upshot of this departure was that
the fathers and brothers all around used
the milking stool before fall.

There is solid comforthowever, in woman’s
work; the baking of good bread, making
sweet palatable butter, keeping clothes
orderly and clean, and much satisfaction in
becoming a good cook and tidy housekeeper,
but when there is the compendium of men’s
chores daily hitched on, the work of a
woman on the farm becomes a jumbled
encyclopedia. And many times a pale,
overworked, and not very good natured
woman is the consequence.

To illustrate the foolish complication of
toil, how would it sound to say, “Husband,
as you are in a little early, you may as well
darn the stockings for Nell?” or, “Mr. G.,
while you are resting, you may iron some or
make up a bed or two?” How would the
“head of the house” take it?

This puts me in mind of an incident of
my girlhood—you remember I was a
farmer’s daughter——when I was “helping”
in harvest time. I usually “ raked and
bound,” sometimes gathered sheaves only.
At noon mother would say, “Daughter,
while the men are eating and you are rest-
ing, you might run down some chickens for
supper.” Sometimes the chickens ran me
down, and then it so happened the men
did not get fried fowl for tea.

But back to the subject: IVoman’s work
must be simpliﬁed, before the highest
satisfaction of life on the farm can be
attained. In the ﬁrst place, women should
work a good deal in cancellation. Strike
out the miserable compendium of out-door
drudgery, providing it comes in between
you and rest; cancel all the indoor extras,
the nerve-wearing nothings, the non-essen-
tials. I doubt not that many a farmer’s
wife has been hurried to the grave by extras.

There’s a poem somewhere which contains
these lines:

“There’s too much of ironing goes to a shirt,

And nothing lasts us but trouble and dirt.”

This intimates that woman’s work is but
a crusade against dirt with the trouble
thrown in. But it is only the tired out,
overworked side of it, and most likely
emanated from some farmer’s wife who did
sundries for the whole family while she
rested.

\Vork simpliﬁed! How‘? In the ﬁrst
place take yourself off the list of common
forager, let the masculine element do the
farming of the truck patch as well as of
the ﬁeld, unless said element is willing. to
churn, wash, hunt eggs, or sweep the dining
room while you rest. Then, secondly, can-
cellation should be worked vigorously in
the house. Of course if you lived in town
and had plenty of time on your hands, and
thought God sanctioned it, you might rulile,
shirr, tuck, and primp to your pride’s con-
tent. But when pressed for time and rest,
remember a plain broad hem 1S elegant
trimming, and that well-ﬁtting, plainly
made clothes are always to the taste of
reﬁned people. For my part, I would much
rather hoe onions than make ruffles. How
many farmers’ wives and daughters do say,
“ O my feet ache so. I wouldn’t mind it so
much if my feet did not give out!” Best
your feet—rest the sewing machine treadle.
When you cancel ruﬁling, shirring, etc.,
from wash goods, you also cancel many
weary hours over the ironing table.

Did you ever hear how our grandmothers
toiled? I guess you did,  you h&V€ 8
husband or your father is living. It may
have been creditable to the grandfathers that
the grandmothers did all the housework,
dairy-work, reared and cooked for a family
of children, and then had to do a goodly
share of the ﬁeld work. It may have been
creditable I say. But for my part; I 1}3«V9
listened to how, “mother done,” until I
wondered in my soul what there_was left
for the fathers to do. Of one thing I am
certain, however, and that is they did not
have so many drapes, throws, tidies, scarfs,
and bits of bric-a-brac in the parlor that it
took a blessed hour to dust the room.

And then about the extras in dress, well,
if the fellow told the truth who is always
telling how “mother done,” feminine pride
was hampered when it took only five yards,
single width, to make a dress, the skirt con-
taining but three breadths. How true it
all is I do not know; but what I do know
about the “old days” myself, doesn tmake
me homesick to live them over again. I
like and enjoy the present day and am

greatly interested in woman’s work of the
present, especially on the farm. I am im-
pressed, however, that it has growiﬁ too
complicated; too much of the unnecessary,
too many nerve-killing extras added. A
great many steps can be saved by plainer
living.

Much can be canceled in the pastry line.
Plenty of plain, wholesome food,well-cooked,
plenty of good, light bread and sweet but-
ter, with fruit as near its natural state as
possible, certainly ought to satisfy. An
occasional pie, cake, or jar of cookies is
admissible, but pie, pie, pie! cake, cake,
cake! render the woman in the kitchen a
slave to the rolling-pin and cake-tin, not
mentioning the hot hours hovering about
the oven waiting for these (loses of dys-
pepsia to become palatable. Work a big
example in cancellation on the rolling-pin
and let anybody growl that feels so inclined.
It is cheaper to listen to the see-sawing of
a vitiated palate than to wear yourself out
for pampered appetites.

Plenty of plain living then, plenty of
plain yet pretty,well ﬁtted gowns, and a plain,

practical way of house-keeping would give
the woman on the farm more time for rest,
for outdoor exercise or recreation—I do not
mean men’s chores—and her nerves would
be in good trim, her headaches not so many,
her temper not so sorely tried, and farm
life would be “a thing of beauty and a joy
forever.”

Shelby.

LEAVES FROM OLD OAKS.

OLD OAKS FARM.

July 16.—Mrs. Gay has been reading
“ The Heavenly Twins.” I found her in a
stirred up state of mind and a talkative
mood.

“This woman question,” she began,
“ will not down. Here it is again, in an
exaggerated form it is true, to those famil-
iar with it. But, still, a point must be
sharp to impress itself. The call must be
urgent to inspire a following. VVomen have
slept too long,—they are slow to waken.”

I differ decidedly on that and said so
bluntly. VVomen are getting on fast enough,
it is the men who should catch up with the
procession. Some women never take men
into the count at all. Now I believe a
crusade for men’s rights and ideals ought
to be started.

“ Certainly I agree with you,” Mrs. Gay
went on, “and out of this long story of
these heavenly twins of diabolical deeds
I culled this sentence as chieﬂy worthy to
be set down: ‘ A woman who thinks that
only a woman is worthy is like a bird with
a broken wing.’ I incline to thin}: it was
the key-note of the author’s thought in
writing such a book, too. At the same
time there is a great deal of truth in the
saying that man rises or falls to standards
demanded by women. You know ‘The
woman soul leadeth us upward and on,’
Goethe tells us. Women must know tliem-
selves better than they ever have and, val-
uing their power, depend on a reflection of
their own purity and uprightness in men.”

That may all be, but I cannot see that
men need be such dependent apron-string
creatures! It seems as if each, man and
woman, must be perfect ones in their lives
before the two can together make a com-
plete one. “Ihy must so many women be
wage-earners as well as mothers and wives
when there are able—bodiedmen at the heads
('9) of their families? IVhy must I dodge
a man’s tobacco scented breath as he waits
on me in a store or passes the time of day

with me at the door, and then keep silence ‘

when he boasts that he will discard the
weed “when it hurts him?” VVhy must
we pick our way on the shady side of the
street over unpolished foot gear of specta-
tors absorbed in cur quarrels or political
wrangles?

According to J. G. Holland, “Often we
ﬁnd not more than ﬁve whole men in a town
of ﬁve thousand inhabitants.” \Vhat a
sensation a census taker on such a basis
would create!

Why must the “ coming girl” know all
the progressive ideas, and nothing be said
about teaching the “coming boy” to be
her equal? I’d like to know.

RUTH L. REsTLi'.

MRS. J. G. RAMSDELL.

To no women are more honors due than
to those who have borne the toil and care
of the early days and helped build up
new communities, and all that goes to make
the highest culture and progress of the end
of the nineteenth century, from the initial
start of the unbroken wilderness and all
the crude beginnings of things.

Said Mrs. Ramsdell, whom we have
chosen as the typical pioneer woman of
Michigan, to the writer of this sketch the
other day, “I seem to have always been
just on the border.”

Born in New York, at the age of eight
years she came to IVayne county, “along
in the thirties.” Detroit was then a scat-
tered village. The old French fort still
could be traced, and where are now miles
of pavements and massive blocks of build-
ings were then quiet farms, and the only
paths were those made by the cattle who
grazed the rich green meadows that bor-

dered the river’s bank. At the age of eight-
een another move took her family to Liv-
ingston county not many miles from where
is now the city of Lansing—then an un-
broken forest. If the history of those early
pioneer days could be told, it would be
more fascinating than the wildest romance
—but such experiences can only be lived,
not narrated. The Miss Clara Gould of
that day was a school teacher, and did her
duty faithfully and well by the children of
that period who have long been the men and
women of this. Somewhere about the be-
ginning of the sixth decade of the century
she united her fortunes to that of an am-
bitious young lawyer of Lansing, Jonathan
G. Ramsdell by name, and together they
set out to make a home in the just opened
Grand Traverse region. It was in the fall
of 1861 that they commenced their journey
from Grand Haven by boat to Pentwater,
from there to Manistee by land, and from
there by way of Frankfort and Benzonia
“ over the trail” on horseback to Traverse
City. It was an adventurous honeymoon
trip and fully enjoyed by the young couple.
It was getting late in the fall and their
household belongings had gone by boat to
Northport. There was no house to be had
in the little rough village on the bay, so
after a two weeks’ stay at the Gunton House
they went to Northport for the winter. The
house was unﬁnished, the furniture mainly
made of packing boxes, but there was
plenty of wood for cozy ﬁres, there were
boxes of books~—there were always books
in the Ramsdell family—and the winter
passedpleasantly away. In the springthey
came to their farm just outside Traverse
city, which had been taken up from the
government lands at a dollar and a quarter
an acre, and there has been their home in
all the years that have come and gone since.

It is hardly the thing to make such a
sketch as this a personal one, but as one
who has known Mrs. Ramsdell for over
thirty years, we feel called upon to say that
she is the youngest woman for her years in
the state of Michigan—~that one of her
strongest characteristics is the way in
which through all these pioneer years she
has kept herself in touch with all the world’s
work and progress-——that she buys books
as other women buy gloves and ribbons—
that she is authority on ﬂowers and birds
and natural science generally, and in good
housewifery there is no question she cannot
answer for you if you are in search of in-
formation.

Her charitable work has always been
large, though in a majority of cases she has
not let her left hand know what her right
handdid; her hospitality boundless,as many

‘ happy guests of hers all over the state and

in many others can testify. She has been
president of the Ladies’ Library associa-
tion, an active member in several benevo-
lent societies, a notable worker in the
Grange, and later, president of the Benev-
olent Union for several consecutive terms.
—H0me Cheer.

OPEN AIR CHARITY.

Traverse City, July 9, 1894.

EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR-We have a
pretty big Grange, and at our last meeting,
when this question came up, there was not
one farmer’s wife there who said she felt
like entertaining any strangers.

It is too bad that so many of the women
of the farm are such slaves to work that
they cannot have company in the summer
time without wishing they wouldn’t come.
This applies to the city cousin who wants
to kill two birds with one stone. 2'. e.—visit
and get the country air, and to the taking
in of a parcel of waifs and strays for an
outing—the idea!

VVhy, dear Mrs. Mayo, what are you
thinking of? As nobody seems to say a
word against this last straw on the burden
of the overworked farm housekeeper, I will
protest in the name of hundreds of our
women who, I am sure, if appealed to,
would say I am right in this. That they
of all womankind need an outing and a
summer vacation which they next to never
get, is most terribly true. It is only a
favored few who have their servants and
need only direct how their work should be
done; the most of us have to work harder
in the long, hot days of summer than in
any other time of the year. This is ex-
hausting, and takes every bit of our
strength; making us old before our timew
Worn out in fact.

We do, some of us, keep summer board-
ers, but that is our own business; and we
expect good pay for them. In that case,
we can, or should hire the hardest work
done—-but these city bummers—dear me!
They may be worthy objects of charity,
but I contend, that the farmer’s wife, as
she is, is in greater need of rest than they
are. She, too, needs something new to
look at and enjoy. Verily, she has earned
the right to a good resting spell, if ever
a mortal did; and for her, in addition to
harvest hands and her own family, to be
told to cook for and wait on a lot of strange
“resorters,” “ free gratis for nothing,” in
the hottest time of the year, is asking a
little too much.

Just now we happen to live in the city.
The other day we had the pleasure of
going on an excursion-—a day’s ride

on our beautiful bay to Charlevoix and
return. It was a most delightful trip; but
saving ourselves, we looked in vain for a
single farmer’s family among the 200
or so happy people there on that boat.
Perhaps if we had lived on the farm, we
too, would have staid at home and worked
hard all that beautiful day. I ask, should
this be thus?
ELMINA M. VOORHEES.

The. Juveniles.

PRIME-MINISTER JACK.

“Mammal Susan! Some one light the

gas; I wish you would,” called an impatient
voice.
‘ “Suppose you play ‘some one,’ then,”

answered Jack’s mother from the top of
] the stairs. “You are ambitious to be ‘some
one,’ aren’t you?”

“ Fudge!” said Jack, “not in that way.
Besides, I can’t reach. You don’t allow
me to stand on chairs. I don’t see the use
of having servants and then waiting on
yourself, either.”

“ Take the lamp-lighter, Jack. Then
you won’t have to stand on a chair. If
you don’t like the idea of waiting on your-
self, then we’ll call it waiting on others.
That’s the way to become ‘somebody,’ you
know.”

“ I’m sure I don’t know anything of the
sort,” Jack answered, still in a tone of im-
patience. “ I can’t ﬁnd the lighter. I’ll
knock my shins off. IVhen I’m a man no
one shall bother me with doing such things.
I’m going to be as great a man as—as”—he
was going to say “ as papa,” when he hap-
pened to think that papa sometimes was
called upon to light the gas and do other
things which his boy thought burdensome.
So he concluded his sentence——“ as Dr.
James, or the President, or—or"

“Or the Prime Minister of Great Brit-
ain,” suggested his mother in conclusion.

“Yes,” said Jack, accepting her suggest-
ion. “I s’pose, the higher up I get, the
less likely people will be to bother me.
Everybody will run after me and wait on
me then.”

“Indeed,” said his mamma, who had by
this time come down and sat beside Jack
in the glow of the ﬁreliglit. “It seems
to me that Dr. James said something about
having to hurry away to see patients, who
would keep him busy until late.”

“ Yes,” said Jack; “ he gets more prac-
tice‘ than any other doctor in town. He’s
the leading doctor, they say.”

“ I suppose that is because he carries out
your idea-—is above running at everyone’s
call and waiting on people. It must be
very ﬁne to be the leading physician of a
town, Jack, instead of a boy, and have every
one waiting on one from morning till night.”

“ \Vliy—manima!” stammered Jack. “I
—I——didn’t think of that when I spoke of
him. He does wait on other people. But
then that’s his business. He’s paid for it.
Still I don’t believe I’d want to be a
doctor, after all.”

“ Maybe you would 1'atliei' be President,
then, and have a great throng of people
crowding into your room, and dogging
your footsteps, waiting to know why this
oﬂice hadn’t been ﬁlled, or that man re-
moved, and every time you picked up a
newspaper, to read what some impatient
person said about the slowness with which
the nation’s head servant was attending to
the people’s wants.”

“ Do they talk about the President that
way?” asked Jack in surprise. “Just as
though it was his business to do whatever
any one wanted! Well, I guess that is
only because this is such a free country.
I’ll stick to what I said about Gladstone.
I don’t believe ‘ that in England they
would dare to expect so great a man to be
a servant to every one.”

“Then they should expect him to be
something different from what the title of
his office makes him out to be,” said his
mother.

“IVhy, how is that?” Jack wanted to
know. “ Prime Minister means#means-—
it must mean that he is the ﬁrst ruler in
the land, or next to the Queen.”

“ Yes, ‘ prime’ does mean ‘ ﬁrst;’ but ‘min-
ister’ means ‘ one who serves, or ministers.’
So you see Jack, Mr. Gladstone is only the
‘ﬁrst servant’ of Great Britain, and has to
serve ever so many millions of people.”

“And tliat’s as high as any one could
get,” pondered Jack, as though not quite
ready to give up his notion of a position
so high that others would have to wait up-
on him, instead of he on them.

“Yes, Jack; unless you go to Him who
said He ‘came not to be ministered unto,
but to minister,’ and ‘He that is greatest
among you shall be your servant.’ ”

“ VVell!” said Jack, springing up, “ you’re
the greatest mother to make a boy see
things! I’m going to apply for the posi-
tion of Prime Minister of this house, and
I’ll begin on that gas.”~—The Rev. J. F.
Cowmz, in the Sunday School Times.

Jolmn_v-- Pop, may I ask you a question in arith-
metic? Happy Father (proud of his son’s love for
study)—Certainl_v, my boy, certainly. ]ohnn_v——How
many times what makes seven ?——L{'fe.

, '12. r;.':=:-in-2-1.':..: .1 '-~\:-«  ‘


THE ‘GRANGE VISITOR.

JULY 19, 1894.

THE GRA_lS(jlE VISITOR.

Published on the first and third Thursdays of every month.

Kenyon L. Biitterﬁeld, Editor and Iilanager.
LANSING. MICH.

To whom all exchanges. communications, advertising busi-
ness and subscriptions should be sent.

Oﬂlce. Room 19. Old State Building.

TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six l\Ioiitlis.
In Clubs of 20 more 40 Cents per Year each.
Subscriptions payable in advance, and discontinued at
expiration, unless renewed.

§'Remittances should be by Registered Letter, 3101183‘

Order or Draft. Do not send stamps. .

EH30 insure insertion all notices should be mailed no

later than the Saturday preceding issue.

Entered at the Postoﬁice at Lansing, Mich.. as Second
Class Matter.

l‘§“Nia:xr ISSUE AUGUST 2.

     
OUR WORK.

The following has been upprovcd by the Statc (jvrﬂngﬁ 115,1‘
fair ctzitement of thc objects the Grange of Michigan has in
view, and the spccizil lincs iilong wliicli it'pu-rposes tq '\yoI“l?i
We ho ie every Grange in the stzitc will work carncstvy  ‘A111
these epartinents, so that by :1 more united effort nc aid:
rzipidlv increase our numbers, extend oiirinfliicncc, rind attziin
more and more coniplctclv those ends which we seek.

OUR ()I4_] ECT

is the Org2ini7.:ition of the Fariiicrs for their own Iinprovenicnt
Finaincizillv, Socially, ‘.\ient-.illy, Morzilly. .

\\'e liclicve that this ianprovenicnt can in large iiiczisnre be
brought about: ‘ _ .

1 ‘(ml Br widcr imlividiinl study and general disciission of
the liusiness side of firniing ziml home keeping.

(It) By Cooperation for_ fii-i:im:i:il iiilxuiiitzigc. _ _

2, ((1.) B_\' frequent social gmlierings. and the .ll]lllgllllg'
together of farmers with fziriners, ziml of farmers with people
of other occiipzitioiis.

(In) By striving for '.i piircr inzinhooil,
and ‘.1 universal brotherhood. _ _

3. (IL) By studying and pronioting the improvcinent of our
district schools. _ , ‘

(l= ) Bv p‘.1tI'0nl7.lng and aiding the Agricultural Lollcges and
Expcriiricnt Stations in thcir lcgitiniate work of scientiﬁc in-
vcstigiitioii. pr-.ictic:il experiment. and etlncatioii for fllrlll pur-
suits. _ _ ,

(11) BV inriintiiining and attending f:ii'iiicr.<’ institutes; read-
ing in the Reading Circle: estiihlisliiiig and iising circuliiting
lil)r:iries: buying more and better iii:i*.’.'-17-11'0" “ml l’“Pe"5 ﬁll’
the home. , _ _ _ _

4. (u.) Bx’ diffusing zi knowledge of our Cl\'ll institutioiis and
teaching the high dutics of citi/.cnsliip. _

(In) V deiiiandiiig the enforcement of existing statutes. and
by disciissiiig, -.id\'oc:itiiig, and tryiiig to sccnrc such other stzitc
and mitionzil lil\\'S as >'ll:1ll tend to the general justice. [ll’0*_{l‘L'>‘S,
and morality.

Ll nohlcr \V0n‘l£1nl100Ll,

The articles on railroads on page seven
are particularly timely. The abstract of
statistics is valuable for reference, and
should be preserved.

NOTICE.

Mrs. J. H. Royce writes as follows:

“ I am in receipt of a letter from head of
‘Fresh Air’ department of Chicago to the
effect that owing to prevalence of small-pox
in Chicago, no fresh air people of any kind
would be sent out. Please notice same in
Vmiroa.”

STUDENTS, TAKE NOTICE.

Students who wish to take an examina-
tion for entrance to the Agricultural Col-
lege without going to the expense of visiting
the college, can probably arrange with their
county commissioner of schools to give
them an examination August 2. In this
case the fee for such examination will be
one dollar, to be paid to the commissioner.
This examination will be a written one.

 
THE KIND OF DIAN.

The man whom the people choose to
serve them in any capacity should have
the following requisites as the cardinal
qualiﬁcations.

1. Honesty. This means that he shall
not only be honest in avoiding bribery,
but that he shall be honest with his con-
stituents; that he shall do the square thing
though the heavens fall; that he shall be
honest in advocating the really important
questions, to the exclusion of demagogic
parleys over petty issues. Choose an lion-
est man.

2. Ability. We mean by this, not bril-
liancy, nor scholarship, but hard sense and
practical business talents. If scholarship
and eloquence can be thrown in, so much
the better. “'8 want men who are inoliicc
for business and not for fun. Choose an
able man.

3. Representative cliaracter. We Want
a man who believes somewhat as we do.
We want a man who will represent our
views and those of our neighbors. \Ve
Want therefore a man who knows his people
and understands their wants. Choose a
representative man.

Will you do it?

THE DUTY OF THE HOUR.

During the next few weeks candidates
for many important offices will be named
by the people,—that is ostensibly named
by the people, but in reality many of them
will be named by the friends of men who
seek the higher ofﬁces. Now this sort of
thing is all right, if the results suit the

people. If not, it is all wrong. So we

appeal to every voter to be very alert until
after all the nominating conventions are
held, county, legislative, congressional, and
state, and to use all their inﬂuence for the
men they want to see put forward.
Conservative men are predicting that

during the next few years our form of gov-
ernment will be subjected to the severest
strain that it has yet encountered. Of
course this prophecy is brought home to
us by the serious labor troubles through
which we are passing. But there are events
which have occurred recently in our own
state that also emphasize the same proph-
ecy.
In 1891 somebody fraudulently raised
the election returns on the salary amend-
ment. Soon after that our" secretary of
state was dismissed for peculation. In 1893
another fraud was committed in the election
returns. In the same year our august
supreme court lobbied through a comfort-
able raise in salaries for its members. In
1894 the clerk of the board of auditors was
dismissed, and the allegations of the press
that he was guilty of misappropriating
funds from the state have not yet been
successfully denied. In the same year
three state oﬂicers were dismissed for
palpably gross neglect of duty. One of
them, the secretary of state, swore in court
that he knew next to nothing about the
duties of his ofﬁce; and his deputy ab-
sconded with $2,000 of the state’s money.
The present auditor general has been
charged with presenting excessive bills, and
bills that were not itemized as the law re-
quires; and these bills were allowed by the
recent board of auditors, now dismissed.
There has been no attempt to deny the
charges against the auditor general, as
made in the VISITOR March 15 last. In
the recent Ellis trial the jury divided on
partisan lines, and justice was spit upon by
prejudice. The perpetrators of the election
frauds of 1891 and 1893 are still free.

This is our tale of woe, and if it is not
enough to startle honest citizens our country
is indeed in danger. But fault ﬁnding,
and being startled, and newspaper ed_itorials
are not enough. The voters of this state
and country must be aroused to their in-
dividual duty. They must vote, and vote
right. They Inust choose their own repre-
sentatives, and choose men who know pa-
triotism from politics and treason from
partisanship. And now is a good time to
begin,—for we can’t begin too soon.

SOJIE THOUGHTS ON THE STRIKE.

1. It was really a contest waged by a
labor organization to test its strength in
compelling capital to accede to labor’s de-
mands. As such, it was a failure. It was
ill-advised, and ill-timed.

2. Though the strikers disavowed con-
nection with violence, the conditions
brought about by their action were such as
to give opportunity for anarchists and thugs
to pursue their work of devastation. Yet
in some cases strikers themselves used
physical force to obstruct trains, and only
ceased to do so when the troops were
called out.

2-3. The laboring men have suﬁered the
most. A week or two of idleness, in many
homes, means distress. And then some of
the railroads will not take back the strikers.

-1. The militia in some cases proved
themselves valuable. But it is evident
that the lawless elements fear the regulars
most.

5. Itisquiteastonishingthattliepowerof
the president to enforce national laws, when
necessary, by force of arms should be ques-
tioned. The idea that he must say to Gov-
ernor Altgeld, “Governor, please may I send
some regulars to Chicago,” seems absurd.

6. If the interstate commerce law can
be invoked so forcefully in favor of the
railroads, why can’t it be invoked against
them more successfully‘? The people
would like to know.

7. It is asserted that the railroad man-
agers agreed to sit down, and folding their
hands, force Uncle Samuel to run their
trains for them. This was wrong. And it
is to be hoped that if the allegation is true
they will be indicted for conspiracy.

8. Geo. M. Pullman is a fallen idol to
many. He had been considered a. philan-
thropist, but recent events seem to show a
strain of brutality that is no part of a
philanthropic nature.

9. The idea of some form of “compulsory”
arbitration seems to have been furthered
by the strike.

10. The question of immigration has
again been forced to the front, and it is
sincerely to be hoped that our alleged
statesmen will do something about it. The
people want restricted immigration.

11. Many consider the present strike as
a powerful argument for government
owneiiﬁhip of railroads. But the argument
applies as well to the painters in Chicago
who went out on the request of Mr. Sover-

_eign, as it does to the railroad men who

went out at Mr. Debs’ request.

12. It would look as if labor unions
must take a new tack, and give more at-
tention to educating their members, closing
saloons and gambling dens, encouraging
savings and teaching how to save, discuss-
ing economic problems, forcing legislation
by ballots only, but forcing it, and dissemi-
nating information of the condition and
needs of the laboring men.

13. It is evident that the next few years
will bring to the front the social problems.
The labor question for instance must be
solved if possibie. Intelligent and law
abiding laboring men are getting des-
perate. Some solution must be attempted.

14. When it is clearly understood that
3. question concerning “Old Glory” is up, it
doesn‘t take long to settle it. It’s a good
thing for the ﬂag that it have a little brush
once in a while. People forget their country
in peaceful days.

15. The farmers as a rule were little
affected by this strike. But farmers are
deeply interested in the so-called labor
problem, and should aid in getting it
settled right.

THE NOIIIINATION OF UNITED STATES
SENATORS.

This measure is favored chieﬂy, though
not entirely, by those who believe in the
popular election of senators, and is consid-
ered but a step in that direction.

Most of its advocates favor it as a tem-
porary practice, to be followed by a consti-
tutional amendment establishing election
directly by the people.

It is not expected to usher in 3. political
millenium, nor to guarantee that archan-
gels shall be chosen to don the senatorial
toga. But it is believed that such a pro-
cedure will bring the choice of senators
“ closer to the people.” That is an abused
phrase, but it never can be abused thread-
bare, for it is the secret of satisfactory gov-
ernment. A body of 900 men is a more
popular body than one of 90, and its choice
is more apt to be that of the rank and ﬁle.

Again, this method leaves legislators
clear to do that for which they are suppos-
ed to be elected. It is well known that, in
two legislatures out of every three, mem-
bers are chosen largely because they will
vote for a. certain man for United States
senator. VVe think that when the plan is
once adopted the avoidance of this will be
found to be one of its best results.

It has been urged against this measure
that it is not what the framers of the con-
stitution intended. Well, neither is the
electoral college, as it now exists, what the
framers of the constitution intended; yet
no one thinks for a moment of returning to
the old plan. But this measure does no
violence to the fathers. The legislature
is the people’s servant, not their mas-
ter, and it is as legitimate to instruct the
members bodily in state convention, as to
instruct them individually in legislative
conventions.

It is also said that state conventions can be
“ worked ” and bribed more easily than can
the legislature. But most people have a.
notion that they can trust the state conven-
tion with as much safety as they can the
legislature. However, if this objection is
valid, let us advocate that our state ofiicers
shall be chosen by the legislature. For we
surely want to give virtue all the sea room
possible. And if we can get better men
from the legislature than from the conven-
tion, let us have them. Experience shows,
however, that our state convention candi-
dates, especially for governor, reflect pub-
lic sentiment pretty accurately.

The Allegcm Gazette comments unfavor-
ably on the merits of this scheme by as-
serting that the men chosen by the recent
state conventions are not first class men,
and cites the Democratic convention of Ill-
inois, and the Democratic and Populist con-
ventions of Michigan. These conventions
were not nominating to suit the Gazette,
nor the Republican party, and it is safe to say
that the nominees suit their respective par-
ties. Democratic Senator Palmer of Illi-
nois was nominated by state convention,
and Republican Senator Cullom of the same
state, who desires another term in the sen-

A ate, has signiﬁed his desire to see his party

adopt a similar method. The Chicago
I nter-Ocewn favors the plan. \‘Vhen the
Gazette will ﬁnd fault with nominations in
its own party, made on this plan, its ob-
jections will have some strength. But its
criticisms of candidates of other parties,
chosen in this way, have very little weight.

“ Practical politicians” object to this
measure because they want the campaign
contributions of senatorial aspirants. And
there’s the rub! Until campaign expenses
are put at the lowest notch, and the rank
and ﬁle of the party will pay those expenses,
instead of allowing rich men to do it for
them, just so long will the cry of monoply
rule be shouted, and the men with money
get from any party just what they want.
But this is another question from the one
of which we are talking. The objection is
one of policy and not of principle.

This measure is good Grange doctrine»
and Patrons everywhere should use all le-
gitimate means at command to enforce the
doctrine.

HOW SHALL FARMERS’ SONS" AND

DAUGHTERS BE EDUCATED, AND
VVHERE CAN IT BEST BE
DONE?

[Farmers’ club topic for August discussion.]

The discussion of this question can easily
be made interminable. For the problem
of agricultural education has as yet hardly
been stated in plain terms, to say nothing
of its successful solution. VVe shall try to
be brief however.

If education, as such, and in its best sense,
is the thing sought, why should the “ how”
and “ where” of it be any different for
farmers’ sons and daughters than for those
of any other people?

But probably this topic embraces the
idea of educating farmers’ sons and daugh-
ters with at least the partial notion of keep-
ing them on the farm. And we shall,
therefore, avoid the difficulties that might
arise from trying to follow out all branches
of the topic,and conﬁne ourselves to answer-
ing the query as thus stated: How and
where can youth be educated in farming?
To answer this concisely we would say:

1. In the district school. Not only
should the usual rudiments be taught there,
but also the elements of the sciences.
Children must learn to observe accurately
and fully as well as readily. Nothing for
this purpose is superior to wisely taught
elementary sciences.

2. On the farm. It goes almost without
saying that the average country boy or girl
will learn the minutiae of farm and house
work. But this should not be drudgery.
The youth should learn to do all kinds of
farm work, and to do them in the best and
most rapid way possible.

3. In the home. \Ve mean by this that
the child should be taught to love the farm
and its life and work; for even if this
branch of education does not keep the child
forever on the farm, it will be a most val-
uable lesson. Why do so many leave the
farm? One reason is that the bright boy
and girl want opportunity,—opportunity to
grow, to develop, to “be somebody.” The
duty of parents then is to prove to them,
by actual demonstration, that health, a. fair
remuneration, social opportunities, inde-
pendence, time for reading and study, a
chance to become a man among men in
business and politics,—that all these are
possible to the youth who remain on the
farm. And this is’nt done by grumbling
or calamity howling, either.

4. In high school or college, or both,
The extent of this depends somewhat
upon the inclination of the children and
the purse of the parents. But some at-
tempt should be made to get fairly good
courses in the English language and
literature, and in history and
government.

A high school will give a. fair start in
these lines; though we want to protest
right here against the idea that every
course in a high school must “lead up” to
something——tlie university usually. There
should be as good opportunity for the
95 per cent or more who never go beyond
the high school to “ complete ” their edu_

cation there, as is offered to the favored
few who will take college work,

If circumstances warrant, a. course at an
agricultural college is a good thing. And
the VISITOR believes in co-education at
our own agricultural college. We believe
also that there should be given opportu-

civil

.3‘

 
A

»‘k

  
.1»

JULY 19, 1894.

 
THE GRANGE VISITOR.

nity, for such as so desire, to take special
short courses in stock feeding, small fruit
culture, dairying, apiculture, poultry rais-
ing, etc.,——courses of from three months to
two years in length. For the sake of those
who can take it, the four years’ course
should be maintained.

5. College extension. This means
attendance at farmers’ institutes, reading
the bulletins of the college and reports of
the board of agriculture, and taking
courses of reading, as in our Farm Home
Reading Circle. This can be pursued
systematically and will yield good fruits.
The idea of home study also includes the
careful reading of standard farm papers,
and membership in the Grange and
farmers’ club.

6. Experience. Let the children get
all the training and preparation possible.
Let them learn above all that study in the
schools is only preparation, and that ex-
perience is the best teacher and the truest
test.

Such in brief are our ideas on this
topic.

A['Gr['ST PICNICS.

Important.

It is now time that all localities desir-
ing the services of Hon. Alpha Messer, the
Lecturer of the National Grange, place
their applications with me so the full
route can be made up for his tour of the
state. He comes to us August 20, and can
stay two weeks. There are dates not yet
taken, and those who apply ﬁrst will get
them. The expense will be light for so
important an event. One days per diem
and expenses from last appointment. Prob-
ably about $10.00 in all. Some will be less
than that. The more appointments,the less
the expense for each. Managers of county
Granges should apply at once.

GEO. B. Hoarox.

SPOKES FROM A WHEEL.

EDITOR V1s1ron—To one accustomed to
city sounds and sights, the quiet and beauty
of rural scenery is delightful, restful, and
inspiring. The change is so complete that
it must indeed be a dull-witted chap who
does not appreciate it. And there is no
more exliilirating way of appreciating it
than astride a wheel. ‘Wheeling I suppose
is the nearest akin to ﬂying of any form
of locomotion yet devised. And I ﬁrmly
believe that the air is more invigorating;
that the birds sing more sweetly; that the
ﬁelds are more beautiful; that the shade is
cooler; and that the maidens look love-
lier, when a man is awheel. noiselessly
sailing along a smooth country road, than
under any other possible circumstances.
(The last statement is a direct and bold
challenge to the effete riders in carriages.)

The country in summer is beautiful.
Natural scenery may be grand or wild or
picturesque, and because it is so is attract-
ive. Rural scenery may be neither grand
nor wild nor even picturesque, and yet is
attractive. Why is it so? I always feel
that our love of nature is the expression of
a revolt against man’s artiﬁcial work and
artiﬁcial conditions. And I sometimes
think that our love of nature is the argu-
ment of the wilder man in us; that the rug-
gedness, decay, disorder of many natural
landscapes appeal to our more untamed
qualities.

So it has occurred to me that the attract-
iveness of the country landscape is due
somewhat to an appreciation of the fact
that man has tamed, without weakening
nature; that what was rampant and wild
has been bridled to usefulness and service.
Land that grew giant trees, is emerald, or
scarlet, or golden, as the season may be.
Land that once was an ague sowing swamp
is scented with a growing crop of mint.
Hillsides, that for centuries were roamed
by wild beasts and savage men, pasture
sheep and cattle. Thus is man master;
yet has he left nature to work for itself.
And this I believe is one reason why the
country is charming.

I am aware that my raphsodies will meet
with little response in the minds of some
very “ practical” sort of people, who see no
more than a cord of wood in a tree. But
this is not written for such. It is for those
living either in city or in country who,weary
with toil. can gain rest and strength by a
little ramble in the cool of the day, viewing
-the sun as it sets behind the western wood
lot, and whose souls are calmed, and in-
spired as well, as the shadows deepen o‘er
a well spent day. And it is for those who,
living in the country,co-working continually
with nature, discern great spiritual truths
thereby, and are forever impressed that
they are also co-working with God.

A. RAMBLER.

 
u The,-n’5 my sediments,” said the hydrant water
as it went through the ﬁlter and came opt on. the
other side. " I hope Imake myself clear. -—C/ncago
Tribune.

PRACTICAL C0-OPERATION.

The following are the recommendations
of the committee on resolutions at the re-
cent meeting of western representatives of
state Granges at Chicago. Brother Horton
was chairman of the committee:

We believe that the Order of Patrons of
Husbandry should, in connection with its

, campaign of education.

STATE DEPARTMENTS.

Continued from page 1.
taining the affected case, and at the homes
of the neighbors. This Work, in brief, is a
The secretary of

I the board states that people are becoming

d k f .d . t" 1 n . _ _
gran WOT 0 9 uca Ion a (mg so ma y l appreciative of the fact that these contag-

other lines, devote some of its eﬂ’orts in be-

half of this work which seems so intensely ’

practical and necessary.

We recognize that on account of the
widely differing wants of the farmers in the
states that the National Grange, as a body,
could not well act in this matter, and also
that single states are not sufﬁciently strong
to secure best results. We therefore recom-
mend:

1. That such contiguous states as may
best secure the greatest good, unite and
work together for the promotion of their
ﬁnancial interests.

2. That one such union be formed of the
states here represented, together with such
other states as may hereafter join us.

3. That the organization be called The
Mutual Aid and TradeUnion of the Patrons
of Husbandry.

4. That its active members be composed
of one delegate or representative from each
state Grange (desirous of assisting in the
work), to be appointed by the executive
committees at the annual state Grange
meetings.

5. That the oﬂicers of the union be a
president, vice president, secretary, and a
bﬁsiness committee of three, elected annu-
a y.

6. That the speciﬁc objects of the union
be to secure best possible rates in trade
contracts for the beneﬁt and use of the
state Granges represented in the union.

7. That all trade contracts and arrange-
ments made by the union be given to the
state Grange executive or trade committees,
and by them announced to the subordinate
Granges of their respective states, in ac-
cordance with such rules as the said execu-
tive or trade committee may adopt.

8. That all state Granges desirous of be-
ing represented in the union, secure the
endorsement of the movement and its ob-
ject at their next annual meeting, and in-
struct their executive committees to elect
or appoint a delegate to act for the state
during the year.

9. That the union hold its ﬁrst annual
meeting at the call of the president and
secretary as soon as practicable after each of
the state Granges represented at this con-
ference shall have held their annual meet-
ings.

10. That in order to secure uniformity
of methods of handling the contracts by all
the state Granges represented in the union
We endorse the plan prepared by the Mich-
igan state Grange by their trade committee,
and ask its adoption by states as far as
practical.

The committee then stated in full the
plan as outlined by the circulars that
VVorthy Master Horton has sent to each
subordinate Grange in Michigan. The
committee also recommended the following
Memorial to the Master and Executive
Committee of the National Grange:

Inasmuch as business co-operation is one
of the ﬁrst principles of our Order, we ask
that the National Grange at its next meet-
ing set apart at least one session for a gen-
eral conference and discussion of matters
pertaining to the furtherance of trade ar-
rangements, and that the Master of the
National Grange give notice in the Grange
press of the day that such conference will
be held so that those especially interested
may be present.

The Committee also offers the following:

Resolved, That the Master of each of
the State Granges here represented, also
the Masters of such other State Granges
as may favor the movement, be and they
are hereby requested to present to their
respective State Granges, at their next an-
nual meeting, the plan of work herein pro-
posed for ratiﬁcation and endorsement and,
if favorable, to instruct their respective
Executive Committees to appoint or elect
a delegate to attend the ﬁrst annual meet-
ing of the Mutual Aid and Trade Union, of
which due notice will be given.-—Geo. B.
Horton, G. R. Keill, R. L. Holman, Oliver
Wilson, Com.

On motion of J. M. Thompson, and after
a general discussion, the report was
adopter‘.

The following officers were elected:
President, G. R. Keill, Missouri; Vice
President, J. R. Shaver, Illinois; Secreta-
ry, G. B. Horton, Michigan; Business
Committee, J. M. Thompson, Illinois;
Thomas Mars, Michigan; R. L. Holman,
Ohio.

President Keill made a strong plea for
the success of the work contemplated by
the Union, and urged each delegate present
to labor for its best interests.

On motion the Union adjourned, to meet
at the call of the President.—G. B. Hor-
ton, Secretary.

“ The place was robbed last night.” “ Indeed!
what was taken?” “ Nearly everything in fact, the
only thing not disturbed was the watchman."—Tid-
Bits.

more and more willing to cooperate with
the health boards, as they become better
informed of the means of prevention and

eous diseases can be largely restricted.

Another line of work is that of investi-
gating causes of sickness. About 100 of
the leading physicians of the state report
each week the causes of sickness that has
come under their observation during the
preceding week. The facts are compiled
and given to the newspapers each Wednes-
day. The facts obtained are considered
almost absolutely accurate indexes of the
causes of the leading diseases.

The law which allows the state board of
health to take stringent measures at points
of entry into the state and to establish a
rigid inspection service at such points, is
now being tested before the supreme court
as to its constitutionality.

The board holds three or four sanitary
conventions during each year, at different
points in the state. The aim at these
meetings is to disseminate the latest facts,
as well as the facts better known among
the medical profession, regarding the pre-
vention and cure of dangerous and com-
municable diseases, alcoholism and its
fruits, sewerage and sanitation in general.
In aid of this work, the board has a very
complete sanitary library at Lansing, con-
sisting chieﬂy of standard sanitary and
medical publications.

The board endeavors to inﬂuence legis-
lative action regarding sanitary measures,
in which it is but partially successful.
The board of health has had almost con-
tinuous opposition, and its existence is
frequently threatened.

The greatest Work of the board has
perhaps been in securing increased eﬂi-
ciency of the local boards of health. Laws
regulating the conduct of such boards
have been urged and obtained, and a better
observance of those laws is manifested
each year.

The oﬂice work at Lansing requires a
force of ten clerks. It consists in brief:
1. In receiving information from local of-
ﬁcials regarding the prevalence and causes
of disease, meteorology, etc. 2. The com-
pilation of these facts into form for pre-
sentation to the public. 3. The widest pos-
sible distribution of the information thus
obtained and compiled.

A book account is kept with each dan-
erous and communicable disease, showing
when it was reported, by whom, progress
and termination of case, whether restricted,
etc.

The publications of the board are a week-
ly bulletin, a monthly bulletin, a quarterly
report, and an annual report.

RESULTS.

The board believes that as a result of its
labors at least 1,100 lives are annually saved.
It has statistics showing that where isola-
tion and disinfection are enforced there is
a saving in number of cases of about four-
ﬁfths in scarlet fever and diphtheria. The
reported deaths per 10,000 inhabitants have
decreased since the board was established,
in scarlet fever from 4.85 to 2.24; in small-
pox, from .85 to .16; in typhoid fever from
3.77 to 3.01. Roughly speaking the rela-
tive proportion of deaths in Michigan from
the diseases mentioned below is as follows:
Small-pox, Ii; measles, 5; whooping cough,
 scarlet fever, 14; typhoid fever, 17%;
diphtheria; 38; consumption, 65. The
board is giving special attention to the last
named disease, and is distributing leaﬂets
all over the state, urging greater care in
preventing the spread of this disease. The
board favors the erection of a state hospi-
tal for consumptives. The secretary says,
in urging this: “3,000 new cases each year,
3,000 deaths, and more than 6,000 persons
constantly sick with consumption in Mich-
igan, implies, I think, a loss of more than
three millions of dollars per year, and an
amount of human suffering which, when we
think of it as unnecessary, is truly appalling.

_ EXPENSES.
Expenses for year ending June 30, 1893:

Expenses of members ........................... .. $173 37
Expressags ...................................... .. 40 _69
Telephone and telegraph ......................... .- 27 -*9

Postage. stationery. printing and other sundry '
expenses ..................................... -- ‘K463 23
Salary of secretary ............................... -- 3-500 00
Salaries of clerks ................................ .. 101530 01
$15,831 51

The Supreme Court.

As is well known the supreme court con-
sists of ﬁve judges, elected by the people,
and holding office ten years. The justice
whose term soonest expires is the chief
justice.

The court holds quarterly sessions, be-
ginning on the Tuesday after the ﬁrst Mon-
day in January, April, June, and October.
At present the court is taking a vacation.
Usually the court has continuously been
about six months behind in its work. At
the present time all the cases on the docket
have been heard, though not all have been
decided. This promptness is due to the
fact that the judges are now required to

 
reside in Lansing, and can give their entire
time to their work. On an average there
are between 500 and 600 cases each year on
which opinions are written. So far this
year there have been 418 opinions written,
and there will probably be 200 more. There
are also a great many motions heard on
which no opinion is written. The rule of
the court is to allow one hour for argument
to the counsel on each side of a case.
Printed briefs of the case are required to
be handed in by the counsel, for the use of
the court.

The employés of the court are a reporter,
who makes a syllabus of each opinion,
which contains in brief form the gist of
the opinion; the clerk, who does the corres-
pondence, consisting of 10 to 75 letters a
day, and has general charge of the routine
clerical work; a crier and an assistant crier;
one assistant to reporter and one to clerk;
and a stenographer to each judge. The
present reporter does most of his work
away from the capital. The clerk’s office
is open during the day and evening.

EXPENSES.

Fiscal year ending June 30, 1893.

   
Salaries ﬁve judges fci $7,000 _____________________ ,_ $35,000 00
Salary of reporter ____________ __ __ 1,500 00
Clerk hire .................. ._ __ __ 2,383 90
Traveling expenses __________ ._ . . _ __ 134 70
Miscellaneous expenses. printing, binding. etc_.__ 2,728 00

Total. ..__......._..___.._.. ...___.__________ $417-L6 32

CIRCUIT COURTS.

The state pays the judges of thirty-three
circuit courts, the judge of the superior
court at Grand Rapids, and the recorder
of the recorder’s court at Detroit, $2,500 a
year each. This amounts to $87,500 a
year.

POLITICS VS. S'l'ATES)IANSHIP.

Continued from page 1.

able profession, no longer to act as the
playground of favoritism, nepotism. and
preferred ignorance.

There are many other things in our
political system which need the earnest
attention and zealous work of every citizen.
‘Vs should overthrow the band of politi-
cians that are wielding such an inﬂuence
over this nation. Politics should be a
profession followed by all instead of by a
scheming class. Educate the masses to a
proper realization of their duties as mem-
bers of this great commonwealth. Let the
people go into the primaries in force and
nominate men who will carry out the wishes
of those whom they represent. Every
citizen should take an. active part in poli-
tics and see that good conscientious men
of ability are elected to ofiice—statesmen
who will work faithfully for the best in-
terests of the people. Let us take hold of
that all powerful weapon, the ballot, sacred
to the liberty of every American citizen,
and wield it so as to eradicate these dan-
gerous evils in our pulﬁti-:-s. Then future
generations will say of us, that we nobly
assumed the responsibilities of err age.

MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.

Lrmsing, July 10, 18.04.

The returns at hand indicate that the wheat crop
of the state this year will be about 15 per cent less
than the crop of 1893. The reduction is entirely
due to decreased acreage. The farm statistics re-
turned by supervisors, so far as compiled, show a
loss of 15 per cent in the southern and northern
counties, and of 19 per cent in the central. The
average yield per acre will fall littleifanything below
the average of a long series of years. \\'ith the crop
yet standing co1‘1‘e.<ponde1its estimate as follows.
Southern counties, 15.42 bushels; central counties,
15,74 bushels; northern counties, 16,13 bushels; state,
15.58 bushels. The average yield per acre for seven-
teen vcars has been as follows: Southern counties,
16.9o'busliels: central counties, 15.42; bushels; north-
ern counties, 13.62 bushels; state, 16.63 bushels.

The total number of bushels of wheat reported
marl-ieted bv fariners in June is 866,361.

The total‘ number of bushels of wheat reported
marketed in the eleven months, August—_]une, is
14,298,306, which is 537,-S16 bushels more than re-
ported marketed in the same months last year.

The area planted to corn equals the average in
years. The per centin the southern counties is 98.
central 102, and state 100. In condition the crop
ranges from 88 per cent in the southern section to 97
in the northern. The outlook for oats is promising.
The area planted to potatoes has been largely in-
creased throughout the state. Compared with aver-
age years the area increase in the southern counties
is 8 per cent; central, 12 per cent; northern, 10 per
cent, and stateg per cent. The average condition
is high, ranging from 95 to 99 per cent.

Clover meadows and pastures are in bad condition,
due to insect depredations. The timothy ﬁelds are in
better condition but are much below a fair average.

Clover sowed this year promises well.

Apples promise about three-fourths, and peaches
six-tenths of an average crop. One year ago apples
were estimated at only four—tenths of an average.

VVASHINGTON GARDNER,
Secretary of State.

$100 REWARD. $100.

The reader of this paper will be pleased to learn
that there is at least one dreaded disease that science
has been able to cure in all its stages, and that is
Catarrh. l~Iall’s Catarrh Cure is the only positive
Cure known to the medical fraternity. Catarrh being
a constitutional disease, requires a constitutional
treatment. Hall’s Catarrli Cure is taken internally,
acting directly on the blood and mucous surfaces of
the system, thereby destroying the foundation of the
disease, and giving the patient strength by building
up the constitution and assisting nature in doing its
work_ The proprietors have so much faith in its
curative powers, that they offer One Hundred Dol-
lars for any case that it fails to cure. Send for list
of testimonials.

Address, F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, 0.
@"Sold by Druggists, 756.


THE

“I
\

A

K.

GRA

NGE VISITOR.

JULY 19, 1894.

ATRONS’

PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS

have sold Ingersoll Paint to the Order P. of

H. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out-

buildings, 10,000 Farmers testify to

their merits. Grange Halls, Churches, School

Houses, Dwellings, all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still

looking well. prove them the most

durable.

AINI‘

MICHIGAN PATRONS “B
Factory” at

uy direct from

full Wholesale Prices and

save all Middlemen’s Proﬁts.

O. W. INGERSOLL, Prop.

Oldest Paint House in America
241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn

ORKS -

Ingersolls Liquid Rubber Paints _
Indestructible Cottage and Bard Paints

Sample Color Cards, “Conﬁdential” Grange
Discounts, Estimates and full particulars
MAILED FREE. \Vrite at once.

MICHIGAN STUCK BIIEEIIEIIS.

All those who wish to purchase pure-
bred stock of any description, will ﬁnd
it to their advantage to correspond
with some of the following well-
known breeders.

H. H. HINDS

Stanton, Montcalm Co
Breeder of
Shorthorn Cattle
American Merino
and Shropshire Sheep

A. II. VVARREN
Ovid, lilicli.

CHESTER WHITE SWINE

And Lincoln Sheep. A choice lot of stock
for sale at farmers’ prices.
recorded. Reduced prices on fall Pigs.
or come and look me over.

Write,

If you “'ant First-Class

MERINO SHEEP

Breeding stock all I

College. and Sfalion.

The Professors at the Michigan Agricultural
College have ki_ndly consented to answer
important questions asked of them through the
VISITOR.

SPRAYING PEACHES.

L. R. TAFT.

Question: What is the trouble
with our peach trees? Many of
them drop, after turning red and
brown spots show on their surface.
Can it be that the Weak Paris green
with which they were sprayed was
strong enough to burn them? I
ﬁnd large numbers of grubs work-
ing in the roots, are they injurious?
I Answer : The red blotches are
‘not necessarily a sign of disease,

but they generally denote some
Iweakness; in the present instance
-, it is probably due to the combined
I effect of the borers, the dry weather,
E and of the spraying. The brown
I spots on the leaves are the result of

WHITE BRONZE TURKEYSIthecausticactionofthe Paris green.

bred from prize winners, of the Diirk Bronze, at the
Indiunzi and .‘IlCI’llg".ll'l Stzitc Fairs, also lit the Tri-
Smte Fill)’ zit Toledo, you can get them of

C. )1. FELLO“ S. Saline, l\Iicli_

§Peach leaves are very tender, and
{even when the mixture is as weak
I as one pound to one thousand gal-

Hillsdale County Herd

Poland China Swine...-K

Choice stock for sale at reasonable

prices, and Guaranteed as Represented

JNO. BOWDITCH,
Hillsdale. Mich.

I lons, injurious effects have resulted
I from late spraying. It is not safe
3to use Paris green at any strength
upon peach trees, unless lime is
added to neutralize it. IVhen
; freshly slaked lime is added at the
'rate of one pound to the barrel,
Paris green may be used as strong

G. BYRON STIINE

Olivct, l\Iicli.,

Specialist in czistriitiiig colts witliout use of ropes,

cords, clumps, or tire irons. \\'ritc for circulzir.

as one pound to three hundred gal-
Ilons of water, with little if any
I danger of injury to the trees. Re-
peated applications should, how-
ever, be avoided, and the risk will
be lessened if the application is

§ll0N’I GO
TO CHURCH

In an old, boisterous, bump-
ing buckboard when you can
get a neat, trim, graceful,
solid DEIL Bl/GUI’ for mod-
°st money. Your dealer
keeps them. All their points
of excellence are strong
points. Best woods and
metals used in their make.
Beautiful to look at and de-
lightful to ride in. Tasty
catalogue, ﬁlled with illus-
trations, for the asking.

‘S

q’~.-._’;

J. J. DEAL &. SON,
ionesville, Mich.

W‘ mllldllzuiLLINlll.nLLIINllilu.lIIIlllilI.LlHIllll11lIWluILl1ImIl1lliLINIIll|ulINi LLIIIIIl.ll1lI.ImLlIu1ll.HIIL\mlANlli1l '‘

 T"'T',  . I .. Hm, - ,,. I ,,

‘.,.,»=M nu,

The Peoples’ Savings Bank

OF LANSING MICHIGAN.
CAPITAL, 150,000.00.

MEAD BLOCK, LANSING.
FRANKLIN ST., NORTH LANSING.

OFFICERS.
W. J. BEAL, President,
A. A. WILBUB, Vice President,
C. H. OSBAND, Cashier.

OFFICES. %

We transact a general banking business. In
our savings department we receive deposits 0

three months or longer at 4 per cent.

In our commercial department we receive ac— I
counts of merchants and business men, Wlefissue
you

interest bearing certiﬁcates of deposit.
have any banking business come and see us.

:1

one dollar or over and pay interest thereon if left 1

made either in the early morning
or late in the afternoon. After
all, the safest and best Way to use
Paris green is in connection with
Bordeaux mixture, which is a very
effectual remedy for the leaf-curl,
and rot of the peach, as the lime
which it contains neutralizes the
Paris green, and the combined fun-
gicide and insecticide can be ap-
plied at one application without
danger to the foliage.

The borers are often quite inju-
rious to the trees, as they girdle
them at or just below the level of
the soil. They should at once be
searched for and dug out with a
sharp pointed knife and the opera-
tion should be repeated in Septem-
ber or October. If a mass of gum-
lmy material is found around the
Ibase of the tree it is a very sure
Iindication of the presence of the
Iborers. It is well to remove the

replaced when the operation is
5 completed.

Squash Insects.

, Question: IVhat can be done
I for the insects that destroy squash
I vines?

I Answer: The large black squash
Ibugs are nearly proof against all
I applications, as Paris green will not
I injure them, from the fact that they
,suck the juice from the stems and
 leaves instead of eating them, while
Inone of the remedies that kill by
I contact are powerful enough to
' destroy them, unless used so strong
as to injure the plants.

About the only feasible method
lof handling them is to place chips
or shingles upon the hills and
when the bugs have collected under

I

State Normal School

YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

The only institution supported by the State for
the f:XClllSlV€ preparation of tezichcrs. Tuition free,
Rooms and Boarding in private I2lilllIl(,'>' $3.00 to
$4.00 per week. Furnislicd rooms and club board-
ll'l%‘at $2.00 to $3.00 per week.
he school has :1. faculty of thirty, :1 przicticc
school of eight grades and 300 pupils, 21 well-
equipped Kintlcrgurtcn, and large I.iI~r:Lric.~ and
Laboratories.
Full courses load to tcn(:licr5' life CL-rtiﬁclitcs;
shorter courses to temporary certificates.

School Opens Sept. 11, 1894.

Send for camlo;'m-

RICHARD G. BOONE,
Ypsilanti, Mich.

ARPENTER ORGANS

can strictly High-Grade Instruments, and

sold at LOW PRICES, quality considered,
for C'Mh or _1n.statl_ments. and delivered at
your home, fltglglit paid. Sand for catalogue of

ewdeslens

n E. P. CARPENTER COMPANY,
Home oﬂice: BRATTLEBORO, VT., U. S. A.
Western Oﬁice: _J. Howard Foote, 207 and 209
Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

these, during the heat of the day,
they may be readily destroyed by
shaking them oﬁ into a pan con-
taining a little kerosene.

The striped cucumber beetles can
be kept in check in various ways.
One of the best is to sift upon
the vines in the morning plaster to
which Paris green has been added
at the rate of one pound to one
hundred pounds of plaster. Some
prefer to use, instead of the Paris
green, turpentine or crude carbolic
acid mixed with the plaster at the
rate of a gill to the half bushel.

The larvse of the insect often
do considerable injury by feeding
upon the roots, and as the above
remedies either kill or drive away
the beetles, the harm will be greatly
lessened.

Considerable harm is also done
by the borers in the stems and
roots, and for them there is noth-

ing better than the plaster andI
turpentine or crude carbolic acid.I
Agricultural College. I

PRICKLY LETTUCE.
C. F. WHEELER. 

Frequent inquiries lately receiv- I
ed by the consulting botanist
about this new Weed-pest lead him
to believe that it is becomingt
rapidly scattered throughout the
state.

This plant is a comparatively
late addition to our already numer-
ous weeds. It certainly displays
staying qualities, and unless
prompt measures are taken to stay
its progress it bids fair to become
a great nuisance, especially on
waste places in cities and villages.
Some recent investigations show
that it is rapidly invading our
farming districts also. To arouse
farmers to carefully watch the
advent of this stealthy invader and
to cause them to take active meas-
ures for its destruction is the ob-
ject of this note.

Prickly lettuce landed on our
eastern seaboard from Europe
about a dozen years ago. At once
it began to travel westward, reach-
ing Detroit about eight years ago.
Six years ago it was observed in
Grand Rapids. At present it is
scattered from Maine to California.

This plant is an annual, and it
is thought by some botanists to be
the parent of our cultivated lettuce.
It has a peculiar bluish-green color,
smooth, except the lower part of
the stem, which is covered with
stiff bristles. The leaves soon be-

mid-vein is usually covered with
soft bristles; the edge is also beset
with short teeth.

It is a profuse bloomer, ripening
numerous small, black, ﬂat, seed-
like fruits, each of which has a
crown of soft bristles which acts
like a parachute to spread them
far and Wide.

Constant mowing before the
plant ﬂowers will keep it in check.

United effort and eternal vigil-
ance on the part of all land owners
will be required to stop the spread-
ing of this pest.

I Agricultural College.

SCARLET CLOVER.

CLINTON D. SMITH.

lowing are being received from in-

few words on the subject in the
VISITOR may not be out of place.

“ Are scarlet and crimson clover
the same? How much seed do you
sow per acre, and what is the yield
per acre?” w. M. v.
Allegun Co.

\Vithin the past few years much
has been said and written about
crimson or scarlet clover, for they
I are the same plant, viz.: Trifolium
 incarnatu-m.

‘ In the southern and eastern

I
I . . . .
Iisolated areas in Connecticut, this

Iclover has produced good crops.

§For the Michigan farmer it is aI

 delusion and a snare, notwithstand-
I ing the persistent booming of seeds-
Imen and interested parties. No
Istrain of it has yet been developed
Ithat can withstand the rigors of
. our Winters. It is, if I mistake not,
an annual, necessitating reseeding
or self seeding annually. In the
cast it is sown alone in autumn,
and mown in May or early June
following.

It has not been successfully
grown north of southern Illinois,
to my knowledge.

On our station plots we can get
better crops from ordinary red
clover than from the crimson
clover, even under conditions most
favorable to the latter.

It is not time yet for Michigan
farmers to even experiment with it.
Agricultural College.

Merchant——Did you deliver my message
to Mr. Smith? Boy—-No, sir; he was out,
and the oﬂice was locked up. Merchant—
Well, why didn’t you wait for him, as I
told you? Boy—There was a notice on
the door saying “Return at once,” so I
came back as quick as I could.—Trut/I.

come vertical by a twist and the,

So many  like the fol-‘

Esoil to the depth of an inch or so , telligeiit farmers in the state that a

 around the trunks but it should be

states south of New York, and 1l1lI

Brain Work.

CONDUCTED BY “NANCY LEE.”

Open to all.- Contributions and solutions
sired. Issued the first and third Thursdays of each
month. Subscription 50 cents per year.
:11
Street, Detro

it, .\Iich.

BRAIN '\'\'ORK, XXVI.
N0. I()7.—C//m'm/2".
The flowery kingdom of the East,
\\'hcrc :l.lm(In(‘l~6yC(l celcstizils dwell,

Must be .1 place
Of rzircst grace, ‘
If all is true that tl':l\'t:I€I'< tell.
If over there you ivzilk :1 PRIIVIE
You do not feel fatigued at all:
Tho‘ dist once ﬂy
As you pass by,
The sands of time still idly fzill.
You take (I. bit of sealing wax,
\\'itI1 which to make your note secure
In it you’ll ﬁnd
The LAST in kind
Then stain it with your signzitiirc.
Again in res.-‘cs guy, the world
Of women greet the welcome Spring,
The TOTAL hue
ls worn by you.
Dear maid, to ivlioni my prziiscs sing.
I’/11'/rz, Pu. Cixni-;i<s.

.’Vn.~‘. 106'-10Q—lIz:'ur/mi I’ym)//111'.
[To PHIL. 0. SOPHER .-\I\‘D S.\l"l‘il().]

i. Scziport of l\'or\\'.'iy ([>’{/’.). 2. A salt \\’fltL‘l‘
fish. 3. A Sillt formed by arsenic acid combined
with any base. 4. COIIICS nczir Lo.
6. _]zickd:i\vs (Cc)1l.). 7. A letter.

D0\\'.\': 1. A letter. 2. A Roman \vci<_{Iii.
surge. 4. A sliczif of <_:r:iin. 5. I-‘oolisli (0/up),
l’crt:iiiiing to the maple. 7. A roudo. S.
tii'c.-'. g, Disputes. io. Smzill liorscs. ii.
buck. 12. If. 13. A letter.

I/I’/rilv lIm(.v.', 1V. 

l. Certain stones, 3. Certain plants
4. Conductors of papers, 5.
to .1 house. ,. A letter.

l)0\i'.v: i. A letter.
prepare for use. 4. A weight. 5.
iviti the imido group. tn. A dwcllcr.

(_‘.\i.\'iN.

J.

’ ,3-

A ]Il'L‘p(lSll.l(ll

, . I.':L‘IL'.

12. Flcinisli piiintcr.
I)’ .'

13, A letter.
II. S. Ni‘T.

Z\'_I\' TBBM\\'.
Dwtrnit. .Ilz'r/1.

I [V0, I7!-— TI'uu.c_fo.vi[I'm1.
I Pure is the sky. so soft zind mild;

‘- Bright is tho: grass of _gi'ccricstliiic;

B:ilin_\' tlic illl‘, .~() soft :ii1d iiiild

Tcinpting wild l)R.I5IAI-4' the liicklcss (‘liild
Off llllll the hills to T\VO,

Sc;irCliin_:{ for ivnndcrs wlicre t:1Il ferns *_'l‘(£\\',
lluunting the pools wlicrc the pccpc-rs Illll,

LILY .\l.-ii .

lliippy of school diitics thus to be rid,
Liicklcss youn_<_{ \VlJ_‘llI. that l’I{l.\[Al. our boy
Cziriiig for naught but to T\\’() for joy,
1>’i/1_.r_'/nmrlmz. A’. I‘.
No, 173,—Dimumm’,

l~‘i<.»._\"rz.

i. A letter. 2. To .<prc:id over. 3. An aristo-
ICll2lll;[l‘0l1I) of birds (L'L'nt.). 4. To cstiiiiiitc. 3.
A species ofl ks. 43. Town Serl<_*lpL'. Bm/.il iBij.),
7, In :1 projecting iiiiiniiur, S. Loivc-st iIl\‘l5l0ll> of
the ziniiiizil kin<_riI0ui (II'0H‘.). I2. Noblciiieii. 10.
A lll1I..\'llll. II. A Icttcr.

1.

Brrmﬂwz. A’. . PHIL. O. Soriii-Ln.

./V17, 1;;~—,\'(]Imr.'.

I, I’. O. Cif MO. 2. A S'll(_‘ll fouiid in Cal.
Sli.'i\'in_;s (H/'.\‘.). 4. Fiiccs of piers of flfCllL'- .
A liorsc-in:1n’s cup. IS. A licgiiizicr. 7. 'l‘:i.xes[0/v.~‘,').

.S'nnt/1 Artcrn/'1/'1, A’. II. (}it.i_\.‘i'I‘r; P05!-_l(.

N0. 17,]-I)irImn/111'.

I. A Ictter. A biiskct.
An L‘lL‘\’:1Il()Il. ,. II:1\'in_; \\';ilI. I-. A rupzirtcc. ,.
Lost zirticics (/i‘m'e'.). S. linumcrntcs, <1. Oyster
shell (Zuu/,I_ 10. The goil Pluto. ii. A letter.

.-id. llu//. T.-.r_ }I. ENNIS.

.\'o. 175-llunr G/u.r.-.
(To 'r\'Ro.)

. Suite of liciiig not LllSllglll't‘Ll.
Cléls. fy (llSL:'.ls‘(‘S. 3. Giiilc (u{'.~‘.).
I to lipidiiis. 5. Brisk. I}. {X solid siilistziiirc,

ICIICT, \‘. \Vr:itli. xa. To niiikc Iicltcr (U/'.~'.I.
ITO coiiiiiiit. Vi. Neglect of usi i2. Solids.

1:.

»

7.
IO.

lieiiiiiiicmtioii.

being iiiijiist. Left to right iloivn; Vziiiitv.
PAH‘/-' -5'«'</<'. 1”. l\Iis'r.\<,o<‘.i'i-:.

CHAT.

I of your excellent batch. See last number
‘, for prizes for solvers to Brain \Vork XXV,
I XXVI, and XXVII. Arty Fishel,
I never received “ Things" mentioned in
1 your letter‘. ll.  Nut is not going to at-
‘tcnd any more E I’. L. meetings. If he
, does he is going barehcaded. \Vh_v will

‘ Brain \Vork No. 26 resemble a person that 

is hung? Now let us see how
I "catch on.”

lIl2l.l’l_V can

N.-i.\'cv LEE.

I RAILROAD 1-‘IGURES.

I “ Abstract of Statistics of Railways in
I the United States ” for the Year
I Ending June 30, 1893.

Iinterstate commerce commission,

prepared by its statistician, being
.the complete report for the above
Inamed period, for which a prelim-
,inary income account was issued in
I December, 1893, has just been sub-
’mitted, of which the following is
an abstract:

MILEAGE.

The total mileage of railways in
the United States on June 30, 1893,
was 176,461.07, being an increase
during the year of -1,897.55 miles.
The corresponding increase during
the previous year was 3,160.78, from
which it appears that there was
some revival in railway construc-
tion during the year covered by the
report. The state of VVashington

miles; Montana shows an increase
of 409.66 miles; Minnesota of
406.69 miles, and West Virginia of
365.01 miles. The other states
which show an increase in mileage
in excess of 100 miles are Califor-
nia, Florida. Indiana, Michigan,
Continued on page 7.

I
de- 

Address 
l puzzle matter to THO.\l.—\5 A. .‘IlLLAR, 500, 12th I

5. Pinufores. I

To I
A Compoiirid 1

S. To wzindcr. I). Tinrzis. i0. Kilns. II. Not (nli-«'._>. ‘

OLIITZ DKLR l)T\\'\\' l3I.'Pl-‘VZN DTYC;

3. Illiving ii scalp. 4. ‘

.3. Tlio.-c who I
.1. I’crt'.iiiiiii;_Y 

I .-
_ CCllIl‘1IlS down: Fciniilt-s \vIi0'
IIL‘1lLI. l)i;ignii:il.-—Lcft to right down: Staitc of,

Those who take the trouble to solve the I
cryptograin in this issue, will ﬁnd .some--
}thing .~:u1'pi'ising. Cinders, this is the last:

“'6 I

The sixth statistical report of_thet

leads in construction with 556.32,

A No. 1 FARM
HARNESS

Made of firsbcl-ass stock and
warranted, and all Hund-
Dlade. We retail all _our
Harness at wholesale prices
and ship anywhere on |_p‘
provsl and guarantee satis
faction.
Write for Catalogue.

HAND MADE HIRIIESSCII
smnou, MICH.

The Keystone Watch
Case C0. of Philadelphia,

the largest watch case manufactur-
: ing concern in the world, is now
putting upon the Jas. Boss Filled
, and other cases made by it, a bow
A (ring) which cannot be twisted or

pulled off the watch.
I It is a sure protection against the
 pickpocket and the many accidents
I that befall watches ﬁtted with the
I old-style bow, which is simply held
 in by friction and can be twisted OE
I with the ﬁngers. It is called the

3. x\ I
VI_ j

Rubs. I
Sins. I3. A1 extension

and CAN ONLY BE HAD with
case: hearing their trade mark-

Sold only through watch dealers,
without extra charge.

Don’! use your knife or ﬁnger nails to open your
watch can. Sand for an opener (free).

WORLD’S

FAIR
V AWARDS

-. — ...... us. TWO MEIIALS

and one Diploma for Beauty.
strength mul (‘lit-:.|piu-2-'s.« J‘. Pl‘
:'m,m() of llu-sp veliir-!u.~: have
hoeri sold direct to the poupll-‘.
Sc l in 4ill(‘I* for our (‘lilll[\It‘l(‘
, 1 -lIL>2ll1- ‘ ll of (‘\.'!'l‘\' 1-(ind of
‘ \‘(‘hi('l(*«\‘ II:II'n(*.s§ I.\’l: Iyirnk
"A" Grille. 3131), of Il‘.\lIllHillI4lI~‘_ IIl1-\'i|rv- frpy.

‘ALLIANCE CARRIAGE C0., CINCINNATI. 0.

r A Grade. 067.50.

o.

Founded 1886. Incorporated 1892.

IBINIIIN HAIIBUII IIIILLEEE ll NIIHMAL

. BENTON HARBOR, MICH.

I NINTH YEAR 01’l‘INf\' SEl"l‘. 10, 189-1.
] NINE COURSES OF STUDY.

A Classical, Scientiﬁc. Music, Commercial, Elocu-

tiou, Art, Normal, kindergarten, Preparatory.

I SPEI1 A], Sixteen experienced teachers, all

I v n specialists.
FE:‘~“u“‘§ Fine collection of Physical and
, . Chemical apparatus.
A[)\‘,l,\"|‘,\{}ES_ Gymnastics, Calisthenics, Voice
Culture.
, Apparatus making and Experimentation for
Teachers and others.
. Full instruction in Reporting and Typewriting.
School of Music one of the best in the State.
Diplomas honored by Michigan University,
Wellesley, Northwestern, Cornell in all courses.
Delightful Location. Lake Side Summer Re-

‘sort. Expenses extremely Moderate. For par-
, ticulars address

(IEO. .I. EIl(l(‘I'dIlIE, A. III., I'll. 0.. Principal.

IIIIANII RAPIDS 8. INDIANA II. II.

IN EFFECT JUNE 24, 1894.

<;o1:~.?rWRrii.
.7 No.7 I No.3
’ I

, No.9
P .
‘Chicago .__.._.._, 3
I P.
Detroit ________ __ 4
~ \
‘ (Yincinnati _____ .. 8
I Richmond ..... _. '-
‘ Fort Wayne .__._ S I
Sturgis _________ _. I

‘r:

‘ Kalamazoo .... _. ‘

I Grand Rapids,Ar; ..
A Grand Rapids,LvI S

‘ Howard City_._. I 9 04

»- .-
:::.;-|x:«n:’_"'-‘O
‘.7153!-'al\1r
ounce, -

”"’ u-, »-£‘.T-““ "’"‘

Ix?!-|t\'«:*'>-dottml

Big Rapids..-
Reed City...

ssssaues zséssaasss

I l’. .\i.
I Traverse City..._ I12 45
I Petoskey..__.___. 1 -I0
I Mackinaw (Iity,. 3 00 ______

No. 3 has sleeping car, Grand Rapids to Mack-
:' inaw City. and sleeping car Chicago to Petoskey
‘ and Mackinaw City. _ _
No. 5 has sleeping car Cincinnati to Mackinaw
I City. Parlor car Grand Rapids to Mackinaw City.

GOING SOUTH.

No. 6
A. M.

2

:’‘'‘o
"‘E"'°°aI‘
ou-o, ,6
§

361813 

I
I

I Mackinaw City
. Petoskey . :.
v Cadillac._

I

I Cadillac

Reed City

Big Ra ids .... ..
Howar City_.__
Grand Rapids,Ar .

Grand Rapids,Lv
Kalamazoo. ._.__
Sturgis ________ __
Fort Wayne _.Ar
Fort Wayne ._Lv
Richmond ..... __
Cincinnati _____ _.

army
10> Beats
SF 83353385 E8-33$ SF 85? *

833 883338

{:5 an-emfvzéwmq
F$$§€€F$‘c">‘<“5§E‘a°u

New OacOR”l;©tD~‘l_> mum:-um

Chicago ....... _ .

Detroit ........ _ _

* Sunday nights Mackinaw City to Grand Rap-
ids only.
No. 2 has parlor car Grand Rapids to Cincin-
us .
No. 4 has sleeping car Mackiu '
and Grand Rapids to I]icag(?_wv(i)3lt 52:33:33
' and Michigan Central R. R., arriving in Chicago
at 7:_10 s. m. Parlor car Mackinaw City to Grand

Rai~I"d3' I] l
o. as per or car Mack’ C‘:-, 1;
Batpids. Sleeping car MackihI:ivwCityyto0C(i}dgil1(I
ha i.

No. 8 has buffet l -
ghicago via K8.lalnIa)::)(?,rBl(':llaI‘I7I(II;&I1£(|1 (fllililffadgo 3%

p. in.

Sunday night t ‘ f M ' ~-
sleenins car f_ron1mlIlnacki)iilaiw dictzlilgiidv 192-IRIS?

to Grand Ra i .
OCKWOOD. Gen. Pa,sg_ Ag-t_

C. L.


JULY 19, 1894.

 
THE GRANGE VISITOR.

7

GRANGE _D|RECTORY.

Patrons Will Find These Firms Reliable and
Can Get Special Prices From Them.

PATRONS' OIL WORKS. DERRICK OIL 00.
F. G. BELLAMY, Pr-op‘r, Titusville, Pa.
Lubricating and Burning Oils of the highest
gualityv ht wholesale prices. Try our Elite_Bur:'.—
lug Oil, made specially for family use. Write for

prices. Address DERRICK OIL C0.,
lTitusvi1le, Pa.

THE NEW nratihihlllbnr

Adopted by the National Grange Nov. 24.
1893, is manufactured by
THE \\'HITEHE.\D & H0.-KG CO4
Newark, N. J.,

Under contract with the Executive Committee
of the National Grange. Sample sent to any
Secretary under seal of Grange. free of charge.
Write for catalogue.

OFFICIAL DIRECTEEII

Oﬁcers National GI‘8l1g°-

M.AS'I'EB——J. H. BRIGHAM ________ ._Delta. 02110
OVERSEEB-—E. W. DAVlS.‘.....Santa Rosa. (€711-
LEoTURE3__ﬁ;Ll[3>Hﬁ;U1\{'EssEB . _ _ _ Rochestehifainte.
.Si§§'viA§ii).§v.iian—'A. M‘. Bnijoiiiéii 'RH6gié'_Isianci
Ci1ArL.uiv—S. L. WILSO-.\'____ ,. ._..M1SS1BslPD1
TBEASUREB—MRS. F. M. MCDOvWEl..L....NI-) Y.
Sr.oizi:'rAnv—JOH_N TRIMBLE Washington. -C_
GATE Ki«:ni>na—VV. E. HARBAlJ(zH_ ___Misson_i-1
CEBES—MRS. M. S. Rl-{ONE _. ._PennsYlV8!1l8
PoMoNA—MRS. MARY REARDL0N_...D.I,.Kans?s

.— S. IE L. BUL .... .. mneso 8
flligfiisgirf Sri:\bi?i>—-MRS. AMANDA HORTON

Michigan.

Executive Committee.

 
LEONARD RHONE..Center Hall, Pennsylvania 2
R_ R, HUTc.H[Ns0_\.'_,_____, ___..\irgima.

J_ J_ WQQDMAN _________ _.p.;;a'r;.w. Michigan
Oﬁcers Michigan State Grange.

MASTEB—G. B. I-IORTON.__._
0vEasnER——1iI. T. COLE.
gE0TUBER—-aA.PJ. . Ar
'1" WARD—. . . . . . . . — - — — --
.As]s$"r S'I‘EWARD—-J. H. MARTIN. BOX 44‘l.R

  
apids
CHAPLAIN—MARY A. MAYO .... ..Battle Creek

 
~ , «E. A. STRON(‘._. ..Vicksburg
5f§§§ff§f—JENNin BUEEL ........ Ann Arbor
GATE KEEi>EB—GEO. L. C.-\RLISLE_.Kalkaska
CERES-—.MARY C. ALLIS —————————————— --Admm

_ . . HA. ST.(7LAIR__B tt nut
ggfzllfziilfiﬁsg  LEIGHTON _ . .Old uMi%!si_on
L. A. STi:w’D—l\lBS. J.H. MARTIN Grand Rapids

Executive Committee.

  
J. G. RAMSDELL. Chn ......... -Traverse. (‘its
H_ D_ PLATI‘ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , , . __:_Yps1lanti
TI-IOS. MARS _._ Berrien (enter
W E. WRIGHT ..... ..Co1dvsater
PERRY MAYO... Battle}-reek
R H. TAYLOR ...... -bhel r
F W REDFER, _____________ __ Maple Rapids

HORTO5‘, Fruit Ridge

l Ex Otﬁcio ,__.Ann Arbor

G. B.
JENNIE BUELL.
Committee on Woman's Work in the

 
Grange.

_________ -_B ttl C k
ﬁiii ifiii §t3§€.%%a's;aa. _ ____ _ _?._§..£f§n
Mrs. Belle Royce ........................ —-Bam‘ 3

General Deputy Lecturers-

r _________ __B n1 C 1:
field?’ .I. 'Jf‘%?o%s‘n‘i:v'  pf... E-“SW
H0N_ C_ G_ LL‘ 1 _ _ ____ _, Coldwater
HON. PERRY MAYO . ..-Battle Cree
HON THOS. MAR _- .-.Bemen (enter

_D, BA 1, ________ __ ._..Lansing
g_ L_ wH1TNEy _____________________ ..Muskegon

County Deputies.

D_ I{_ _qt,.j,}-nus ______ ‘_ ___.,-\t\\'n()d, .~\nti‘iiii C
C. V. ‘.\'2ish_____ Blooiiiingdule, Allegun "
R. B. Reynolds. ____lnl;iud, Rcnzic “
Geo. Bm\"ser,,_, __Dowling, Bairrv “

  
janies D Studl nion Cit_v, Brzincli “
R. V. Cl:irk____ _ Buchmizin, licrricn “
. \\', Enncrt___ __St. johns, Clinton 
Marv A. )l:i\'o__ ttlc Crcck, Calhoun
\Vm'_ C];u»k_' linrlevoix, Cliiii-lcvoix “

E. B. \\';iril, l‘l'.ll’lL‘\‘l)l.\’, Cll1iI‘ll:\'0lX “

n
u

:9
L7
3
.1

F. H 01...... .

Isaac R,_,__-5c11_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , __Alni:i, (xrutiot “

John p,,_5Sm0,-,_. __________ __F1usliin__u;, Gcnescc “
..

E. O. Lz1d(l____Old Mission, Grzind Tr2ivcr.<c
.VIrs E. D. .VOkv:s_____\\'lic;itl;iiid, l{ill.<d:ilc
R .>'\. BrOwn_____ “Lind licucli, llurop “
D: H. Eiiglisli ____ __ _Cll:lll(llCf, Ioiiizi “
F. \\'. lIzi\‘cns,_.___
J. A. C0urtright___
Robert Dockcry
James Grcziscn
Hiram Brzulsh

u

     
__Fitcliluii'g, Iiigliiiiii “
_Duck Luke, _]:ick.~on “
___Rockford, Kent “
illliilslill, K1llk1lSk1l “
orth Brunch, I.2i.pccr “

 
1 5l’l‘-Vlltﬂll, Liviiigston “
 _j—\dri'.in, Lcnziwce “
Geo. H. Lcstcr__,. ,___Crvst:il, .\Iontc2ilm “
D, R, Van Amberg,____Be:ir Lake, Mziiiistee ‘
jessie E. V\ llllillllS ____ __Big Rzipids, Mccosia “
J. S. I.2iwson___ _____ "Disco, .\I:iconil) “
VVill G. Parish, Flat Rock, .\1onroe “

(K

Rzivcnnii, Miiskcgnn

T. F. Rodgers. _
_Ashlzind, Ncw:i_\'go “

\V, \V', Carter_.

A. J. Crosl)y,,__ , Y‘psil:iiiti, Ollkllllld “
Robert Al\v:ird__ . Hu S0ll\'lllt:, ()tt:iw:i “
R, H. Tavlor _, _____Shelhv, OCL z “

' Vernon, .7 ' s “

D. Murliii_ _, . .
A. \V. Ciinﬁeld
“Wm. B. Lzingl

 
__ll:irtsuff,
ntervillc, St.~_l _ ci
Birch Run, Saginaw

ii

 
u

Robert'l‘rel)v. , _

}[_ C_ Ken-_ ___C:irsonville, Sziniluc “
Helen A. Fisk ___Ln\vrciicc, Vun Burcn “
101111 E, \Vilco.v_ _________ ._l’l_vnmuth. Wu_vne “
john A. )IcDoutr'.il___,Ypsil:iiiti, \\':islitcna\v “
R. C. Norris,__I ........ __C2lLllll£lC, \\'r.-xford “

Revised List of Grange Supplies
Kept in the oﬁice of Sec’y of the

Michigan State Grange

c 1: t- id n receipt of Cash Order
Axf>gesre!t1hemS1eall(bsf amSub(6rdinate Grange, and the;
signature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain ballot marbles, per hundred _.$O 75

   
Treasureﬂs orders, bound, per d1‘
Secretary’s receipts for dues, per hundred... 35
’I‘reasurer’s receipts for dues, per hundred. .. ._35
A plications for membership, per hundred.. a0
wlimdrawal cards. per dozen -------------- -- 25
Dimits, in envelopes, per dozen._ ........ . ._... 25
By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies, __
. _‘ ID
.-*‘1°.;.v°.=‘m+~~- -------  »»»»» 
choes, with music, sing e cop es,
25c ; per dozen ---------------------------- -— 3 00

‘ s, sin le co , 40¢; per dozen 4 00
gprgggi-igMSedi)i(;1Dard, go eaacl.If;y75c per 50; 100.. 1 35
Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees).
CJ25c each‘ per dozen ...... .,.. ----
Rituals, ssh degree.,set of mm -
Rituals. Juvenile. 9111816 COPY-
Rituals, J uvenile. D61’ 59‘ ————— --
Notice to dehnquent members, per 100.. .. .. .
American Manual of Parliamentary Law__..
Diﬁlest of Laws and Ruhnzs --------------- --
R0 books ................................. --

  
Sample package co—operative 1iteratnre.__-.
Kelley’s History of U16 (‘T8089 ------------ --k_

W ‘to f ' on gold pins badges, wor ing
tool: stah'ru1i(r)l'l‘:‘tiings, seals. ballot boxes and any
other amuse supplies-

Address MISS J ENNIE BUELL.
ANN ARBOR. Mica.

AVERAGE ABOUT SEVENTY ACRES EACH.

Beautiful homes, large hams, fruitful orchards,
neat countrv school houses and churches, thriv-
ing villages and :1 handsome city, prove the

rosperity of the people. The schools and col-
eges of Mt. Pleasant are excellent. Oats, clover,
sheep, potatoes and fruits for general farming;
com, hay and rich pastures for dziirying and
stock raising, have made many farmers well off;
others are rospering, and so can you. Unim—
proved Ian s, valuable timber lands, partly im-
proved farms, and farms highly improve ,_and
choice city roperty for sale or really low prices.

For samp es of descri tions of such pro erty

desire and {gel able to buy, ease

a.‘cT.5%%S‘$G85l

ztsidyrgfsniia 0K’S REAL ESTATE AGE CY,
Mt Pleasant, Mich.

k . maintained

Paw Paw ‘

l TRUTHS EASILY DIGESTED.

‘Concerning the New Method of Cur-
; iiig Dyspepsia and Stomach
' Troubles.

Dyspepsia and indigestion are considered
incurable by many people who do not re-
alize the advance made in modern medical
science, and by the old methods and reme-
dies a cure was rai‘cl_v, if ever obtained.

Dyspepsia is now cured as readily as any
other disease.

VVhat the Dyspeptic wants is abundant
nutrition, which means plenty of good,
wholesome, well cooked food and some-
thing to assist the weak stomach to digest
it. This is exactly the purpose for which
Stuai‘t’s Dyspepsia Tablets are adapted
and this is the method by which they cure
the worst cases of Dyspepsia, in other
words the patient eats plenty of wholesome
food and Stuarts Dyspepsia Tablets digest
it for him. In this way the system is nour-
ished and the overworked stomach rested,
because the tablets will digest the food
whether the stomach works or not. One
of these tablets will digest 3,000 grains of
meat or eggs.

This splendid remedy is prepared by
Stuart Medical C0,, of Marshall, Mich.
Your driiggist will tell you that Stuart's
Dyspepsia Tablets is :1 remedy sold entirely
on its merits and is the purest, safest and‘
cheapest remedy sold for stomach troubles,
and every trial makes one more friend for
this excellent preparation.

RAILROAD FIGURES.

Continued from page 6.
Missouri, New York, Ohio, Penn-
sylvania, Texas, l\'isc-Onsin, and
§\Vyon1ing. The states of Kansas,
Oregon, the territory of New Mex-
ico, and the District of Columbia,
show a slight decrease in mileage,
due to I‘e1l1€8.S111‘€ll1€nt of main lines
or abandonment Of small, unim-
portant lines. The number of roads
abandoned during the year was 19.
The total length of line, including
all tracks, was 230,137.27, which
includes 10,051.36 miles of second

b §ti'ack, and 42,043.40 miles Of yard

; track and sidings.

 CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAYS.
{ The total number of railway cor-
} porations in existence June 30,1893,
:was 1,890, being an increase of 68
lduring the year covered by the re-
‘jport. Of this number 752 were in-
5dependent operating roads and 939
‘ operating accounts.
; The number of subsidiary roads
which maintained ﬁnancial ac-
counts Oiily was 778, of which 326

were leased for a ﬁxed money rent-

'- . al, and 195 for a. contingent money

lrental, the remainder being oper-
*ated under some form of traffic
agreement not easily subjected to
classiﬁcation. The tendency to-
ward some form of consolidation
during the year has been quite
marked; 28 roads, representing
749.87 have been merged; 20 roads
representing 1,732.79 miles have
been i'eoi'ganized;and16 i'oa.ds,rep-
resenting 1,469.19 miles, have been
consolidated. These items are
higher than the corresponding
items of the previous year. A clas-
siﬁcation of railways according to
length of line operated shows that
there are 42 companies in the Unit-
ed States having a mileage in ex-
cess Of 1,000 miles, 26 companies
Operating a mileage between 600
and 1,000 miles, 23 companies
Operating mileage between 400
and 600 miles, 41 companies oper-
erating a mileage between 250 and
and 400 miles, and 902 companies
operating a mileage of 250 miles
or less. The total length of line
controlled by the 42 companies op-
erating an excess of 1,000 miles was
98,385.54, being equal to 55.78 per
cent Of the total mileage of the
country. The second class of roads
controlled 11.20 per cent of total
mileage, from which it appears that
68 companies controlled 76.98 per
cent of the total railway mileage.

EQUIPMENT.
The total number of locomotives

on June 30, 1893, was 34,788, being
an increase of 1,652 during the
year. Of these, 8,957 were passen-
ger locomotives, 18,599 freight
locomotives, and 4,802 switching
locomotives, the remainder being
unclassiﬁed. The total number of
cars owned by the carriers making
report was 1,119,878, to which
should be added 154,068 leased
cars, making a total of 1,273,946
cars Operated directly by the car-
riers. This shows an increase in
the number of cars directly con-
trolled of 58,854 during the year.
Of the total number of cars, 31,384
were in the passenger service; and
1,047.577 in the freight service.
The number of passengers carried
per passenger locomotive was 66,-
268 and the number of passenger
miles perpassenger locomotive was
1,588,601. These ﬁgures show an
increase in the eﬂiciency of passen-
ger locomotives. The number Of

tons of freight carried per freight

locomotive was 40,062 and the num-
ber Of ton miles accomplished per
freight locomotive was 5,031,889.
These ﬁgures show no change in
the efficiency of freight locomotives
as compared with previous years.
The number of passenger cars per
1,000,000 passengers carried was
53 and the number of freight cars
per 1,000,000 tons of freight. carried
was 1,613. The increase in equip-
ment ﬁtted with train brakes, or
automatic couplers, as compared
with, the increase in equipment
itself, is not as marked as in the
previous year. Thus, from a total
increase in equipment during the
year ending June 30, 1893, of 60,-
506, the increase in equipment
ﬁtted with train brake was 42,158,
and the increase in equipment
ﬁtted with automatic coupler was
77,904. ’
EMPLOYES.

The total number of employee in
the service of railways On June 30,
1893, was 873,602, being an in-
crease of 52,187. Of this total of
employee, 35,384 are assigned to
the work of general administration;
256,212 to maintenance of way and
structures, 175,464 to maintenance
of equipment, and 397,915 to con-
ducting transportation, the remain-
der, 8,627, being unclassiﬁed by
the carriers making report. If the
employés be assigned to mileage,
it appears that 515 men found em-
ployment in the railway industry
in the United States per 100 miles
of line, 21 being assigned to gener-
al administration, 151 to mainte-
nance of way and sti‘ucfures, 103 to
maintenance of equipment, and 234
to conducting t1'anspOi't-ation.

CAPITALIZATION AND VALUATION.

The aggregate of property prop-
erly classiﬁed as railway capital

lwas on June 30, 1893, 810,506,235,-
‘410, which shows railway capital

equal to 863,421 per mile of line.
The amount of stock outstanding
was 84,668,935,418, of which
$3,982,009,602 was common stock,
the remainder, $686,925,816, being
preferred stock. The funded debt
Outstanding was 85,225,689,821,

classiﬁed as follows: Mortgage
bonds, 84,504,383,162; miscella-

neous obligations, $410,474,647;
income bonds, $248,132,730, and
equipment-trust obligations, 862,-
699,282. The amount of invest-
ment in the railway securities has
increased during the year from
81,391,457,053 to $1,563,022,233,
being an increase of $171,565,180.

The amount Of stock paying no
dividends during the year was
82,859,33/4,572, being 61.24 per cent
of the total stock outstanding. Of
stocks paying dividends, 5.25 per
cent Of the aggregate stock paid
from 4 to 5 per cent, 11.62 per cent
paid from 5 to 6 per cent, 5.24 per
cent paid from 6 to 7 per cent, and
5.32 per cent paid from 7 to 8 per
cent. The total dividends paid was
$100,929,885. The amount of mort-
gage bonds paying no interest was
8492,276,999, or 10.93 per cent of
the total of mortgage bonds, and
the amount of income bonds pay-
ing no interest was $204,864,269, or
82.56 per cent of the total of in-
come bonds.

PUBLIC SERVICE.

The total number of passengers
carried during the year ending
June 30, 1893, was 593,560,612.
Passenger mileage during the same
year was 14,229,101,084. The aver-
age journey per passenger was
23.97 miles. The number of tons
of freight reported by the railways
for the year was 745,119,482. Ton
mileage was 93,588,111,833. The
average number of tons in a train
was 183.97, and the average haul
per ton for the entire country was
125.60 miles. Passenger train
mileage was 335,618,770, and
freight train mileage 508,719,506.

EARNINGS AND EXPENSES.

The gross earnings from opera-
tions On the railways of the United
States for the year ending June 30,
1893, was $1,220,751,874, being an
increase of $49,344,531 Over gross
earnings reported in the previous
year. Operating expenses during
the year were $827,921,299, being
an increase of $46,923,303 Over the
previous year. The income from
investments reported by the rail-
ways was $149,649,615, while de-
ductions on account of ﬁxed
charges and other analogous items
were $431,422,156. The ﬁnal net
income available for dividends was
$111,058,034, being a sum less than
the corresponding amount for the
previous year of $4,907,157. After
deducting from this amount the
dividends paid, the income account

of railways in the United States}
for the year 1893 shows a surplus?
of $8,116,745, which is less than:
the surplus of the previous year,‘
by $5,919,311. The complete re-1
port shows a full income accountl
for each of the ten territoriali
groups into which the country isl
divided. The gross amount re-l

ceived from carrying passengers‘,

was $301,491,816; from carrying‘;

on:the same basis as the army and
navy. Its officers and men should
be as free in their work as those of
the army and navy. After the sys-
tem was once organized the gov-
ernment could purchase the entire
railroad system of the country and
give in payment its bond, and se-
cure a low rate of interest. All
discrimination would instantly
cease. The business of transporta-

the mail. $28,445,053, and fromltion would be conducted at cost,
carrying express matter, $23,631,-‘jwhicli would mean an enormous
394. The gross amount re-ceivedldecrease in passenger and freight

for carrying freight was 8829,053,-
861. The passenger service ac-
counts for 29.49 per cent Of the
earnings from operation, and the
freight service for 68.23 per cent
of such earnings.

RAILWAY ACCIDENTS.

The number of railway employés
killed during the year was 2,727,
being greater by 173 than those
killed during the previous year.
The number of employee injured
was 31,729, being greater by 3,462
than the number injured the pre-
vious year. The number of pass-
engers killed during the year was
299, being less by 77 than the num-
ber killed the previous year, and
the number injured was 3,229, be-
ing 2 in excess of the number in-
jured the previous year. Of the
total number of deaths to employés
on account of railway accidents,
433 were due to coupling and un-
coupling cars, 644 to falling from
trains and engines, 73 to Overhead
obstructions, 247 to collisions, and
153 to derailments, the remainder
being due to causes not so clearly
deﬁned. An assignment of casual-
ties to the Opportunity offered for
accidents shows 1 employé to have

been killed for every 320 men em-_

ployed, and 1 to have been injured
for every 28 men employed. ,The
most dangerous service is that of
traiiimen, and for these the statis-
tics show 1 employé to have been
killed for every 115 traininen,
and 1 employé to have been
injured for every 10 engaged in
this service. A similar compari-
son shows 1 passenger to have been
killed for each 1,985,153 passengers
carried, or for each 47,588,966 pas-
senger miles accomplished, and 1
passenger injured for each 183,822
passengers carried, or for each
4,406,659 passenger miles accom-
plished. An assignment of acci-
dent statistics to the territorial
groups shows great diversity in
the relative safety of travel and
railway employment in the various
sections of the country.

CONCLUSION.

Mention is made in the report of
an important step toward the real-

ization of uniformity in railway

accounts in that the commission
has, with the assistance Of the As-
sociation of American Railway
Accounting Officers, revised the
classiﬁcation for operating ex-
penses. It is safe to say that with-
in a few years there will be practi-
cal uniformity in the bookkeeping
of railways so fai' as operating ex-
penses are concerned.

Another subject Of interest
touched upon in the report is the
necessity Of compiling freight sta-
tistics more fully than at present
is the case. It is probable that
something akin to a clearing house
Of freight statistics will become a
necessity in the near future.

GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF RAIL-
ROADS.

The following is an abstract of
an address on the above topic, de-
livered last November before the
National Grange at Syracuse, New
York, by M1‘. Geo. VV. Stone of
Delaware.

He said it was simply a business
proposition. Nine out of ten men
would at once declare that the prop-
osition was dangerous on account
of the political power that would
be conveyed. But it was no new
thing for the government to exer-
cise a. business function‘, and in no
instance has it failed. In the main
the postofﬁce, the army, and the
navy have been honestly and eﬂi-
ciently conducted ever since they
were managed. Any one of them
under their most unfavorable con-
ditions is vastly superior to the
present management of the rail-
roads. The same ofﬁcers might be
continued in their places under
the government. Mr. Stone
proposed to create a new de-
partment of the government, to be
called “ The Department of Trans-
portation.” It would be a cabinet

office. He would organize a corps

l rates. All mechanical stock would
5 be of the latest and very best make.
l There would be greater safety.

j Bzates would be uniform, actual
,cost only being charged. Trade
iand commerce would ﬁnd their
;natural channels. Land now un-
loccupied would be valuable. Man-
? ufactories, instead of crowding cit-
ies, would distribute themselves
linto the villages. Farms would pay
‘better as produce could be market-
led at a lower rate. The railroad
"would be the servant of the peo-
ple, not one of its masters. Tickets
would be like stamps, uniform in
price.

“ It is possible that “Tall street
might sustain a slight loss of income
but what would their loss be com-
pared to the gain of the people‘?
The country can stand the closing
of ‘Will street as well as faro banks
and other gambling concerns. I
am satisﬁed that some radical de-
parture from the present methods
must soon be made to save the rail-
roads themselves from fast ap-
proaching ruin.”

('ORPOR.l'l‘[O.\'S.

[Read at a regular meeting of Davisbnrg Grange
No. 245, by Mrs. Jas. TaylOr.]

“ Corporate power is _«.:1'eedy,
a_<_-'gi'essive, increasing. l\'liat shall
we do to make the beast tractable?”

The more I have l3l1011f_;'l1 about
this topic the more I am in-
clined to Mary Sidncy’s Opinion
that if we ever get out of the diffi-
culties into which the statesman-
ship of the last quarter Of a century
has plunged us, it must be under
the leadership of the women of the
country. And if I am to act the
part of a female Moses to this little
band Of Patrons Of Husbandry, the
sooner I raise my standard and be-
gin the journey through the wilder-
ness the better.

IV ow I do not look upon corporate
power as, in itself, an evil. It is a
union of talent, experience, and
capital for mutual beneﬁt, and if
rightly used is for the beneﬁt of all
 mankind. The constitution Of this

principles of the noblest example
of corporate power the world can
show. It is founded upon the
eternal principles of fraternity and
equality and justice to all. The
railroads which traverse our coun-
try north and south and east and
west, are built and controlled by
corporate power and for individual
beneﬁt, but what would be our
condition without them‘? It is
said that corporations have no
souls. It is true. But they are
composed of men who have souls,
and it is because those souls are
given up to the evil forces of greed
and avarice and cruelty that cor-
porations are soulless and cruel.

It is the selﬁshness of the human
race that causes the suffering in
the world. The commands, Thou
shalt not covet, Thou shalt not
steal, Thou shalt love thy neigh-
bor as thyself, have become practi-
cally a dead letter, and not until
they are restored to their rightful
position in the hearts and lives Of
men will corporate power cease to
be cruel and soulless. It certainly
seems to be true that in our coun-
try at the present time corporate
power is all of which it is accused
in our question, and more. It is
an exceedingly dangerous power,
threatening to destroy not only our
prosperity but our very life as a
Christian nation.

But what can we do to make the
beast tractable? There are certain
evils which can only be success-
fully combatted with their own
weapons, so I would meet corporate
power with corporate power. But
it should be upon a higher level of
trutluand honesty than prevails in
corporations today.

As farmers we should unite in a
community of interests, each look-
ing not entirely to himself but to
his brother’s welfare as Well.

As men and women we should
cherish in our hearts and practice
in our lives the ‘Divine command-
ments, thereby strengthening in

Continued on page 8.

republic is but the declaration Of‘

. w_“_amaz

 
.... . ,«u=nv'K|r:w-\:‘r S,-..-.--..... .«...,..q.»v«-n---.—.-nu... =-aqua-na.a-..»w.-...—. .

THE GRANGE -VISITOR.

 
CORPORATIONS- ment will hardly make the ques-
tion of admission or rejection of a
foreigner depend upon his ability
the W01‘1d the POWGI‘ Of good and to pay a certain amount of money
weakening the f01'Ce Of 0Vi1- AS into the treasury. We do not wish
P8/EFODS We Sh011ld Stand by the to get an income from immigrants
G1"311g9- It has done much fol‘ 115, beyond the expenses of administer-
it is trying t0 (10 m01‘e- It is the ing the immigration laws. What-
strongest hope of the farmer today. ever money they have we wish them
Its principles are pure and true. to keep and use while getting set-
Its accomplished work is a crown ﬂed in their new home,-

of l10n0I‘- It is the I10bl€St type 0f The senator believes that the
corporate p0W€I‘ Within 0111‘ 1‘63Ch- system of consular inspection and
Let 1.13 Stand by the Grange. certiﬁcates and the requirement of
a moderate educational and prop-
erty qualiﬁcation accompanied by
reasonable provisions for an honest

[Read helm T’*,‘,‘;,°jf° ,§’°{}“r‘,’,‘;‘?, G"“‘ge~ N0’ ll‘ administration of the naturalization

This question has troubled the laws will be sufficient guards for

best minds of the nation for years solne llnle to come! agalnllll lne
and which has been viewed with Evlls. &PP’9h9‘?‘l9d l“?m forelgn
grave apprehension as to its results m.“m8“*t1°n lnto. ﬁns country‘
has become of such magnitude that Tllne and Space Wlll not perlnlt 8'
the time for action appears to have le°.lla.l OE arll the arguments for re‘
arrived. The great danger to the stllctlng lmlnlgratlon .Tney lire
moral and political welfare of our based largely upon evlls Wnlcn
country of permitting the Ynited nave. been made apparent by the
States to remain the dumping vast increase in recent years of de-
ground for the illiterate, the indo— graded llnnllglnnts from Italy’
lent, and the vicious of the world, Tnlkfyi Hungary’ Poland’ and
is becoming more and more ap- RllSsla' Ammlg the forelgn Pas‘
parent each*yea,.’yet no action had sengers over sixteen years of age
been taken or could have been eX- who la“‘l‘?‘l at the port of New
pected for years had not circum— Yolk durlng .the yea? 1892’ the
stances prepared the Way for Such number of illiterates in one hun-
action. The Russian persecution dled persons Was‘ ll:l°,ln England
and expulsion of the Jews followed 10! Ireland?’ ‘Vales 6’ bcollland 1%’
by the Russian famine were the France 2, Germany 2, Switzerland

cause of thousands of these wretch- 1’ and from Norway’ Denmark
ed people Seeking homes in the and Sweden each less than 1, while
United States. This was followed the nllmber in one hundred from
by the cholera in the old world, Russla. was 20’ Hungary 28’
then came the president’s order es- Arnlenla 44* Italy lib‘ These lat‘
tablishing a quarantine against the tel Collntrles avelnglng “l3 per cent’
landing of steerage passengers dur- nearly °ne'nalf' _ ,

in0 the months of September and . T.° sh9W the Wonderful lncreane
Ocotober 1892 with the evident ln lmmlgfatlon from those Conn‘
consciousness that morewas involv- Ellen Sendlng 43 pel.‘ cent Of lllller‘
ed than a mere temporary measure ates note the following comparison
against cholera. It wasiii fact the between the number conllng ln
beginning of a profound change in 1870 nnd 1892:

Continued from page 7.

IMMIGRATION.

our policy, a change destined to af-V 1870 1992
feet,   World. The emanCi_ £11132--- .___ — --_- ___.. -___  
. . . - 2
when proclamation wore the guise p.§l§§3?’_::::::::::::::::: ‘is 353303
of a temporary war measure, but Russia _________________ _V 907 51,605

it meant a wholly new order of —— ~——~
things in our institutional and so- 4:021 1613-68
cial life, and thus the order.forbid- Notwithstanding immigration
ding 1II1II11gr_antS t01B-Dd W111 ht?-V8 was practically suspended during
been recognized as a great turning September and October, 1892,
point in 0111' history. _ which prevented 200,000 more from
Upon this topic, S0 fraught Wlth landing. These evils are becoming
deep concietﬁl ‘cg Ellropahantlil '60 intolerable. VVe cannot undertake
America B. i e 6113 -01" am 81', safely the assimilation of the
chairman ofthle 1SeI118.t€d(:‘OI1:é1II1ltt€(E ignorant human beings who are
0I1i1Il1I11gI‘8/f10h:£€C aft? 111 HVOTO ﬂocking to our shores from such
the total suspension for1on% yeaé sQu1'(_-es_
of all immigration to t ie nite >
States. This twelve months barring . - -
the gates of the new world againsﬁ ‘lolhces of Nlee*lngs'
the overﬂow of the population 0
the old was ostensibly advocated as The reuuhr me ting of W ‘t P
the most eﬂlectlve method of keep‘ , na Grangae will beehelcd with eafltld Cgiilgr
Eng (Elli? the Chogeraa lfluitllié Senatﬁll Grange August 23 and 24. All fourth de-
ran y warne 118 t a 8. ter t e grcc members cordially invited.
cholera has Passed t-ll? immi%ant’s MK E~ A- G1LLETT- Lect-
gate would never again be t 1'OW11 -
open to all comers. _
Residence and citizenship in the Grange News’
Unitetl States are so valuable that (‘m‘rc.~pnnd:iit.~. and :11] Pzitrons indeed are re-

\\' ESTERN I’0.\IOX.-\.

 
lt ls  reasonable  OUT)’ el- qiicsicil In .<cn]d_ us ppsml zirils givingl .\Ol_l1lt: news
.. . . at u—__;- ._{  -_ -" ._
igible immlgremts Should he &<l- LL.’I?u.t.I"’i»lUf;.J’ .'.‘.‘:.:"..‘.§:‘.>23...‘.:;:x..:::‘:..
 The feeling in tlhe  still]:-,' or all of tlic: fUll_(')\\‘l‘n:[ qiicslioiif. llclpr us
, , . . to in.ikc [lll\ the most \ .1lu.ililc column in tlic \ 15-
States is almost universal in favor rrokil _ _ C A 9 _ 2
of effectlve restrlcl’-IOU Of 1l11UJ1gI'&- 2‘. H312'$§.§’§§§...II“I7.?.T..‘£§ ‘,1:-'Z.“.l‘.".=“
tion.  is estimated   l, h;;“V\O\1:1l‘ii-:it llU(lllT.Sl\lL5l'>' think 0 your (iriuigc zmil
people Werlﬂ pI'tfV€Ilt-ed fI'OIn l8.Ild- 4.  iliilirulties do _\.'(Ilt:l rricct?
- :. : :1” ' s ‘, 5.‘
1_ng on O_ur Shores  the qu8‘ra‘n' _i>_. I\‘li_2lt i.~lLiiiil!lr fililgilgdciii Gi'2iii_ge work in your
tine during September and Octo— , Hginltr-’_ , _, V _ _ _ p .
L‘ . , ,. Iii \\li_.ii \\.l_V arc _\Ulll iiicinlicrs most lVt:nL’l1[{:(l
ber Of 181).; And yell In the I'9-  l\\‘ bclongin;-,{ Iutlic Grunge?
maining ten months 16l,2bb , — -——--
degraded, iliiterafe immigrants? ‘C~ L-_ Whitn€.“ 9f l-‘TU_Sk€g0n. the earn-
from Italy, Hungary, Poland, and l E”t\l:“;1‘.’“ “ has °l§a‘t‘;1“‘l m°1‘e ‘-;"m‘"g€5
. d th United States ,in I c igan an any 0 er man. as re-
Rl1§S13« 1'93Chf-‘_ ‘3 - 2, cently been appointed steward of the
This year, It the senator hmllnorthern asylum for the insane, and will
his way, not one would have been lezo t0 that institution to live.
permitted to land. And after this‘, H L d Rh h _ f h
- - _ W-11 nl be, on: eonar _ one, c airmango t e
ye.ardth.e Enterdlbg tholse ‘ghoy Canl,eyecut1\'c committee of the National
T3159 111 a_VOr 0 ,Grzinge, recently entertained a large com-
read and write, who have money Of  pany of !‘t:l8.tlV6$ and friends at his home at
their own, and who have a consu- j Cvmhre Pgﬂllt-h Pa-»_ the Occafsittgn behlig the
lar certiﬁcate that the are not in‘°“e “ll re "‘““l"el5al-"° 5 Seltement
th t , of undzrsirahle citi lof the Rhone homestead. Appropriate ad-
9 03- E5-»0{y _ f 11 th fgdresscs were made and the hospitality of
zens. XC USIOD 0 a 0 ers 1Sl,tlie homestead enjoyed.
declared to be imperatively neces-‘, 
Sax-y for the maintenance of a high  FROM .\i.i=n.-\ Massak, NATIONAL LECT-
order of American civilization and‘, “‘ER'
in the interest of the intelligent _ _ _
Wage Workers. It is the applica_ l themselves and their calling if they under-
, '3 . . 1 f 1 . ‘,s[00d how much they are respected by in-
tlohl of the prlnclp e 0 El‘? nun‘ 5. telligcnt and cultured people,
Chinese law to the Mongolians of‘, T6,, ,,ea,, ago the ﬁrs, Grange was Or_
the old world. gzinizccl in Herkimer county, N. Y. There

[‘}-,9 expediency of requiring an 1 are now 22 Granges in the county and the

, - ‘ ' _ l most of them are healthy and prosperous.
educauonal and propsrty (lllahhca ',The Grange store in Little Falls last year

tion  belng Wldely Collslderlffl by 3 sold $56,872.57 worth of goods with an in-
American thinkers and Wl‘1teI‘s.,vested capital of only $4,000,
D0 W9 Wlsh to recelve People Wllo, Tne.(7/z:az  Prcss, says that peo-
cannot read 01‘ write either their 3 ple living in cities have but a vague idea of
‘ he Order of Patrons of llusbzmdrv and
own language or ours? Do we , t _ ,._ _
. * - ,when they make the discovery that it is
Wlsh to take plannlless persons’ 0r,nota body of cranks, but com osed of
h h 1 - ~ P
shall we require t at _l» 6)’ 1aVej.earnest, thoughtful, cultured, and well
moderate means Of subsistence for ‘_ dressed men and women they are com-
a reasonable period after landing?  pelled to give them the respect which such

The Wise answer to these questions 3 people always command

- ; The people want the best men for osi—
mush be the net-1atlVe' There has ‘ tions of trust and honor, and the coulfitrv

been SOIIIE‘ argument in.f3V"r of 3'  calls for such men as legislators. Second
large head tax, but this gOVe1‘u-‘class lawyers, ward politicians, and dema-

Many farmers would think more of

gogues have been weighed in the balance
and found wanting. Men are called for.
We have them. Will the people elect
them?

Notwithstanding the business depression
the Grange prospers and the record of in-
crease is gratifying. The number of new
Granges organized for the year ending Sep-
tember, I893, was So, and the number of
re—organizations was 28. For the first ﬁve
months and six days of the current year
new organizations number So, and re-or-
ganizations 45.

Many farmers not members of the Grange
make a mistake in thinking that its educa-
tional features consist mainly in preparing
and reading essays and discussion of top-
ics relating to home and farm life, This
is only a small part. This education not
only embraces the farm and home but all
that relates thereto, including ﬁnancial,
economic, and even political questions when
of a non-partisan nature.

At Brother Geo. Cai-lisle’s request, I
write you a short account of the children’s
day picnic held at the Clearwater Grange
hall, June 28, 1894. "

As a great many of the farmers had be-
gun haying, and as it looked a good deal
like rain in the morning, the attendance
was not very large; but those who did
come put forth extra efforts to make the
affair enjoyable, and succeeded admirably.-
A swing being erected, the shouts of the
children from that quarter announced that
they at least were having a good time.
After a bountiful dinner, a thunder storm
coming up, the party repaired to the hall
where, under the direction of Miss Marg-
ery Bockes, a program consisting of songs,
recitations, instrumental music, etc., was
given, which, considering no previous prep-
aration, was excellent. After a few appro-
priate addresses, the party separated well
satisﬁed that the picnic had been at least a
decided success.

W. K., Lecturer.

MAG AEZIN E 

As becomes :1 July number of any maga-
zine, the Allzmiic for this month has its share
of out-of-door papers. They show more
than one way of getting a change of scene
and air, for besides Mr. Frank Bolle’s No-
va Scotia paper, “ The Home of Glooscap,"
and Mr. Bradford Torrey’s Florida sketch,
“ On the Beach at Daytona,” an unsigned
article, “ The City on the Housetops,"
gives a vivid and sympathetic picture of the
summer life on the roofs of houses in the
most crowded qiizirters of New York. It
is evidently the work of a man who has
lived the life himself.

“ VVliat Constitutes a Good Husband" is
discussed by a lot of clever women among
whom are Mary Hallock Foote, Elizabeth
Stuart Phelps VVard, “ The Duchess,"
“ Grace Greenwood,” and Amelia E. Barr,
in the July Ladies’ Home Journal. “ The
Thirty and One,” is the clever title of a
delightful short story by Charles D. Lanier.
Will N. Harben contributes “ The Heresy
of Abner Caliban,” 21 strong study of life
in the Tennessee mountains, which Alice
Barber Stephens has illustrated most suc-
cessfully. The biography of the number
consists of sketches, with portaits, of Mrs.
\Vayland Hoyt and Mary Hartwell Cath-
erwood. Frank H. Stockton gives two
more of “ Pomonzfs” cliaracteristic letters
to her old “ Rudder Grange" mistress, and
Mr. Howell’s literary reminisences under
the title of “ i\I_v Literary Passions” grow
in interest and charm.

.A controversial paper in skillful hands
on 21 “burning question" is always amus-
ing, and James L. Hughes’ examination of
Prof. Goldwin Smith’s essay on “ \Voman
Suffragcs” in the July Arena is excellent
reading. Professor Goldwin Smitli has
one of those positive minds that strangely
cliafe under the restraints of logic, and a
little logical analysis of his objections
rather puts his opinions outside the pale of
validity, reasonableness and value, Mr.
Hughes affords us 21 very amusing quarter
of an hour—but the “eminent auiliority"
will scarcely enjoy such a raking of his
logic.

Certainly no one is better qualiﬁed to
tell “ How to Protect 21 City from Crime”
than Superintendent Byrnes of the New
York Police Department, who contributes
to the North Ame7'icuxn Review for _]uly,
a paper on this question which promises a
special value and significance at this time
when police affairs are the subject of so
much discussion. Superintendent Byrncs
argues that the best way of protecting a
community from crime is by raising the
standard of intelligence among its meni-
bers

The editor of the lfuzukzzr qf li’rz'z'r:<x~‘ re-
ports in his July number an interesting con-
versation with Mr. Samuel Gompcrs, Presi-
dent of the American Federation of Labor,
on several questions of the hour, including
the coal strike, arbitration as a remedy for

strikes, free silver, the income tax, and
short hours. The personality of Nebras-
ka’s junior Senator, VVilliam V. Allen, “a
man who never saw New York,” is de-
scribed by Albert Shaw in the same num-
ber. Dr. Shaw regards Senator Allen as a
typical home—grown, sclf—reliant American,
the product of our Mississippi valley life.
His sketch of the Senator’s history and
character is sympathetic and vivid It is
based on a personal interview, the details
of which, as presented in the I?(':'ic:'.',
throw many side-lights on the present pop-
ulist position at Washington.

ARE YOU OPPOSEDETO TRUSTS?
Will you Back those that Fight them?

Every Farmer says Yes.
Then buy your

Harrows and Cultivators

of the manufacturer that has spent thousands of
dollars ﬁghting combines.

THE WIIIPPLE HARROW C().,
St. Johns, Mich.

LADIES WANTED $§:.*;e.§*,d.!;>,:::

time writing for me in their homes. Homl Pay.
Address with stains. Mas. Gama E. Goonaicn, Bec.
Box 126, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

   
GOIIMISSION

  
SILBERMAN

WOOL-i-WOOL-5-WOOL-+WOOL+WOOL-E-WOOL+W0°

conﬁdence and successfu. relations
.;..;. with wool growers and the trade: : -
' ' Our reliability is vouched for by cm-
w cago banks and mercantile houses.
—

OOL-:-“IDOL-HNOOL-:-WOOL-i»WOO L+WOOL-i-WOO

 
FOR 28 YEARS ""° ,',‘“";;,"‘;°°37{,‘3'.f
BUSINESS anzonhaufe maintained

 
Established _|8e6.
B ROS. ?-;.'.?.;§.;.‘.‘. l‘l'.:$.'.‘.'.§.“" ”"°°*

 
The History of the Grange,

Patrons who have read the VISITOR
have noticed the mention recently made
of O. H. KELLEY’S

“History of the Patrons or Husbandry.”

Brother Kelley was a founder of the
Order, and no one was more competent
to write such a book than be. It is
recommended by the National Grange.
and is sold by the National Secretary, or
by our own State Secretary. The price
of the book is

75 cents, postpaid.
VVe will send the book. postpaid, and

One New Full-year Subscription
To the VISITOR for

ONE DOLLAR.

Every Patron in the State should have
this history. You can get it cheap by
securing ONE NEW NAME for the
VISITOR.

Subscription Must be a New One.

N. B.—Our "'8 months for 27) cents"
offer has closed.

MICHIGAN STATE

l

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l
y

The Next College Year Beg-ins Mon-l
day, August 20. J

Agricultural Eullege-.

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. 1
There is room for 1

 
WHII’PLE’S SUPPLEMEN'l‘ARY

Adjustable Wide Tire

FOR FARJI WAGONS.

 
"

  buys a complete set (includingthe
_' ' _ tightener T) of STEEL TIRES 9/2
inches wide, warranted to carry 4,000 lbs.,
that can be put onto the wheels of any farm
wagon over the narrow tire, and can be attached
or detached by one 1111111 in twenty minutes. In
ordering give diameter of wheels. Address

E. E. WHIPPLE, St. Johns, Mich.

School the Entire Year. Students May Enter
at any time and Select their own Studies.

N0l’lill6l’ll/--v
Indiana Normal School and
Bll§lll68§ lllslillillliﬁ

VALPARAISO, IN D

The Largest and Best Equipped Normal
School in the United States.

Notwithstanding the hard times the attendance
is greater this year than ever before.

DEPARTIHENTS.

Preparatory Teachers (including Kindergarten
Work, Teachers’ Training Class and Pedagogy)
Collegiateﬁucluding: Scientiﬁc.‘Classic and Select
Courses). Special Science, Civil Engineering,
Pharmacy.(‘-ommercial, Music, Fine Art. Ph0nog-
raphy and Typewriting. Telegraphic and Review.
Each department is a school within itself. yet all,
with the exception of private lessons in Music are
Included in One Tuition. Specialists as In-
sh-iictoi-s are provided for each (le]){lI‘tlll9Ilt-
Though the attendance is large yet the classes are
sectioned so as to contain, on an average, not to
exceed 50 students. ,

The (‘oiiniioroiiil l)(‘[)}1l‘tIl'i(‘nT in connection
with the school is everywhere acknowledged to be
the most complete Commercial (‘ollege iu the
land. It is supplied with the most extensive line
of oﬂices ever attempted by any business school.

‘: No otlwr 1'n.s-titufilni of lt-In-ning riff’!-p-.v for

one tuition imythiuq like as many subjei-ts

  Class BOYS  from u-hicli to select. The best evidence that

l
l

l

from the Grange homes of the State.‘

The College wants them. ,

Will You Fiiriiisli 'l‘lieinZ,

If the farmer keeps up with the proces- 
sion he must be educated, The 1
College has every facility. ‘

SEND US THE BoYs.l

For catalogues and full information’,
address ,
SE(,‘RE'l‘ARY. :

.~\;:riciiltur;il College. .\licli. 

   
From auti—trust manufacturers direct-, AT 1
WHOLESALE PRICES. Machine Oils 2!» to 25c I
per gallon; (‘/ylinder Oils zﬁc to tlﬁc per gallon: ,
delivered. STRICTLY HIGH GIKAJJE. Sa_ti§-1
faction guaranteed. We are_t-he only M-“\-‘<L‘-
FACTUREES of Oils in Michigan.

l
DETROIT OIL CO., Detroit, )Ii(~.l1.l,
«-——- >

 
v

NU-TSHEI.I.l‘Il). (i1'L‘:li4;5tl
 liook out. Tells all uliout l
this \\'0ndcrfnl sulijcct. \Vli:itc\'i:r vour \‘lC\\'>' ilh: l
on Ilypnntisni, you will ﬁnd this lm<’><k of great,
value, Piiblislicd price, 50 cents. Sent frcc. tr2in.~‘- .
porlzitiun prcpiiid, if you re-init 25 cents for SlllVS('X‘l])- l
[ion to Homes and Heartlis. the clcgimt liou:<c- -,
lmld monthly. Aililrcss Homes and Hearthsz
Publishing: (‘o_, New York. ’,

the work is satisfactory is the constantly increas-
ing demand for those trained here Ear-pen.w.e
loss than at any other place. Tuition $10
per terin. l’>l¥llI‘ll and fnrni.~'liNl l'00Ill $1.50
to $1.90 per week. Catalogue mailed free.
Additional advantages for the coming year with-
out increasing the expense of the student.
22d year opens September 4th.
Address ii. ii. BROWN, l'rlm-ipal, or
o. 1-. |il.\‘SI-I\, .\~~ocinti-.

THE HISTORY or rm:
Patrons of Husbandry.

MY 0. ll. l\'l£I.l.liY.

Tlic lC.\'eCu[i\'c L‘oini:ii1lcL- of the \':iti0n:il(}r;1iigc

l]llsDl1l(‘L‘(l1llllliltcll >ll[>1>l_\‘(lf the ;ll\()\'L‘ work, in
this ollicc, for salt, The lmok coiimins.Hi pages,
is printvsd on good p.:-pf-r. well l\0|lI1(l, and ll1l.>

>'l,'\'(.‘\'1ll illii.-‘tr:itioi~.~. It is El lii.~mry of the Order
from i\'v-H to i\‘;‘_;,

Price er (‘o H‘, 75 cents.
D .

On ri.-ccipt of ilic ;Ll‘lI\( prlcc. 1lL.‘i)1)_V will be sent

by mziil tn the purly ()!'<lcl'lllL".

A\(l(ll‘L‘.\’S
JOH N TR [)1 B LE. Secretary,

51‘! l“ Si. N, \\'.. \\':isl'iiri_2_'tmi, D. C,

 
PRESSES OF ROBERT SMITH & C0..
LANSING. MICE.

ls a book containing illustrations, prices and
descriptions of 30,000 articles in common use,
a book that will show you at a glance if you
are paying too much for the goods you are

now buying,

WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU?

ls it worth the 15 CENTS in stamps re-
quired to pay postage or express charges on a.

copy?

THE BUYERS GUIDE AND CATALOGUE (issued
every March and September) is the book we

are talking about: you

are not safe without a

copy of the latest edition in the house.

MONTGOMERY WARD & co.,

lllt0ll6

Michigan Ave., Chicago.

In writing mention THE GRANGE Visrroa.

e:;~..-.-