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“T 117 FARJIIER IS OF IIIORE’ CONSEQUENCE THAN THE FARJII, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IIIIPROVED.”

VOL. XIX, no. 16.

LANSING, MICHIGAN, AUGUST 16, 1894.

WHOLE N 0. 448.

PRACTICAL GRANGE CO-OPERATION AS
CONTRASTED WITH THE THEO-
RETICAL.

LEONARD RHONE, MASTER PENNSYLVANIA
STATE GRANGE.

Much has been said oflate years of bring-
inor producer and consumer, farmer_and
mdnufacturer, into more friendly relations.
And probably the Grange has developed
the most practical and sensible system of
co-operation ever instituted in the interest
of arrriculture. It has not attempted to
take tthe farmer from his farm and make of
him a merchant or manufacturer, or even
to divert from his farm his resources in
establishing co-operative business enter-
prises. Biit the Grange has developed a
practical system of business co-operation
suited to the American farmer, and adapted
to the most humble as well as to the most
atiiuent. It is one of the principles of our
Order, as set forth in the “ Declarattion tof
Pur oses,” that “\Ve propose_mee ing 0-
gethgr, talking togethei‘, working together,
buying together, selling together, and, in
general’ acting together for our mutual
protection and advancement as occasions
may require.” “ For our business interests

'- ' reducers an consum-
:r:,dfEaSi'1r1:ei': ttiii1d1gnIianiifactiii'ei's, into_ the
most direct and friendly relaltlions pogsibleé
Hence we must dispense wit a surp us 0
middlemen, not that we are unfriendly to
them, but we do not need them;. this sur-
plus and their exactions dlmlnlsll 0111'

profits.”
THE THEORETICAL SCHEMES.

In nearly all the theoretical schemes of
co-operation, andéspecially‘ in organized
labor co-operation, it has been required
that the co-operator must invest capital
with his fellow co-operators to start a new
business outside of their own avocations, to
start either a store, a manufactory, or a
supp1y company to give the co-operator
the benefit of this system, thus requiring
him to become either a merchant, manu-
facturer, or trader in some business outside
of his own chosen pursuit, and conse-
quently diverting his capital from his own
individual business to something else.

This no doubt may work well among the
laboring people, who are not proprietors as
well as laborers. But among farmers, who
are both proprietors and laborers, it has
more generally failed than succeeded, fre-
quently from the want of proper manage-
ment, but more generally from the lack of
caTfi:1-Grange has encouraged the highest
development in agriculturalpursuits. Not
finding any of the theoretical systems of
co-operation advocated suited to the needs
of the agricultural class, it set about the de-
velopment of a system that _was adapted to
the wants of the farmer, without attempt-
ing to make out of him a merchant or _a
trader, or even to induce him to draw his
capital out of his farm to put in other
business; but on the contrary has encour-
aged the merchant to be a Illerchallta the
manufacturer to be a manufacturer, and the
farmer to be a farmer of the highest type
and greatest ability. Therefore the_ prin-
ciples foreshadowed in the DeC1aI‘&t10I1 Of
Purposes quickly adjusted a system_ that
practically met the wants of the agricult-
ural people by establishing direct ‘trade
with manufacturers and importers, .W1lZl1011t
the intervention of agents, leaving the
manufacturer to furnish his own capital
and brains, and the farmer his.

THE PRACTICAL PLAN.

This new system of co-operation, as_first
instituted by the Grange, had its 01"i:‘,-“I1 in
Pennsylvania, after the failure of numerous
co-operative stores and wholesale agencies,
and was first suggested by the late Thorn-
ton Barnes, father of John T. Barnes, PTO-
prietor of the wholesale Grange grocery
house in the city of Philadelphia. He said
to the executive committee of the State
Grange, “ Why not allow us to deal di-
rectly with the members of the subordinate
Granges, instead of employi_ng.an agent to
distribute the orders?” This induced the
executive committee to enter into a con-
tract, as suggested by Thornton Barnes.

The committee then approached other
wholesale houses and manufacturers, and
made contracts equally advantageous. This

  

. family trading at the same stoi'e.

« vides, further, that when an individual

new system rapidly grew into favor tliroughf
out the entire organization, and since then
many other states have adopted it. It 18.
so broad and liberal that any Patron in the
United States can avail himself of its

vantages. It enables the individual Patron
to buy in broken packages or single imples
ments at wholesale prices, direct from these
business houses, without the intervention
of agents or the interference of any Patroi-.
These manufacturing or trading companies
with whom the executive committee mak. 8
contracts, look upon this trade comir ._-;
from the individual member upon the same
principle as that of different members of a

Under these contracts it is provided that .
each firm shall do its own collecting, and
that neither the State Grange nor any of
the executive committee shall be liable for
supplies bought under contract. It pro-
vides that where an order for supplies is
signed by the master and secretary, officially
under the seal of the Grange, thirty days
credit shall be given on such bills. It pro-

member orders supplies it shall be filled at
wholesale prices to suit purchaser, pru-
vided such order is accompanied by trade
card or certificate of membership in the
Grange, but the individual order of mem-'
bers by trade card must be accompanied
by the cash.

ITS ADVANTAGES.

This system gives two ad vantages to them-
dividual purchaser: first, by the transaction
of his business without the intervention of
others, from his own home, cash to accbn_1-
pany the order to protect the seller; secdnd,
b combining_li_is_orderwEh_others ‘.4;$.;-T-'-;;
Giiange and directing the master and sec-
retary to order officially, upon which order
thirty days credit is allowed. Goods are
always shipped subject to return if not as
ordered, at the expense of the party ship-
ping. Thus the Patron dealing under this
system of co-operation is absolutely pro-
tected if he deals with houses the State
Granges have contracted with. But for
the Grange to be successful under this
system of co-operation, at first only a few
wholesale dealers and manufacturers should
be selected, so as to make the trade an ob-
ject to business men. It has worked well
in Pennsylvania and some other states, and
the trade already aggregates into the mill-
ions.

ITS WEAKNESS.

The greatest weakness of this system is
the selfishness of members in either want-
ing to take care of their friends in business,
or wanting a contract in every little town
or hamlet, which would ultimately defeat
the whole system, by so dividing the trade
that it would be no object to any manufac-
turer or dealer.

Therefore to be successful Patrons must
carry out the doctrines of the Declaration
of Purposes, “of buying together, selling
together, and, in general acting together
for our mutual protection and advancement
as occasion may require.” And this can-
not be better done than by respecting and
supporting the centralized business ar-
rangements of the several State Granges,
and faithfully carrying out our pledges of
honor, of ever being a true and faithful
Patron of Husbandry.

Centre Hall, Pa.

LEGISLATION FOR THE FARMERS.

W. C. GIFFORD, PAST MASTER NEW
STATE GRANGE.

YORK

Does the country stand in need of legis-
lation in the interest, and for the protec-
tion of farmers?

This is a question often asked and sel-
dom satisfactorily answered. It is a ques-
tion involving many issues, and he who
enters upon its discussion must recognize
the fact that there is ample opportunity
for a wide difference of honest opinion.

Every intelligent person must concede
that in a republic every loyal citizen,
regardless of his occupation, is justly
entitled to equal and impartial protection
under its laws. If it be true that ours is
“ a government of the people, by the peo-
ple, and for the people,” then it follows
that legislation should always be in the

every legitimate industry in our land. If
it be true, as claimed by many, that laws
have been enacted by the general or state
governments that unjustly discriminate
against the agricultural interests of our
country, then most certainly there is need
of legislation for the better protection of
the farmers.

But the question arises, have the farmers
been discriminated against, and, if so, in
what respect? It is safe to say in very
many respects; among which may be
mentioned taxation. extortionate rates of
interest, adulterations of food, dealing in
futures, watering of railroad stocks, dis-
crimination freight rates, etc., etc.

DISCRIMINATION.

First, In matters of taxation, taking my
own state for a sample, at the present time
89 ‘/2 of all taxes in the state of New York
are levied upon and paid by real estate. A
very recent annual report of the state
board of assessors shows that more than
E_B4,000,000,000 of personal property escapes
taxation.
that fully  of the costs of our civil courts
is incurred for litigation in defense of per-
sonal property, 89% of which must be
paid by a tax upon real estate, and every
honest man must concede that such a per-
version of justice needs correction by
legislation. We also have a law in the
state of New York (and I presume very
similar laws in other states) that exempts
all personal property from levy to the
amount of the indebtedness thereon, thus
offering an actual premium for the crea-
tion of fictitious indebtedness. On the
other hand the possessors of real estate are

;\cor.r_-.pel‘v-;~:"  pay a tax u on all they
‘nominally own, regardless o the amount
of indebtedness thereon. Of course this
applies to all real estate, both in city
and country, and it may percliance be
claimed, that owing to the enhanced
value of city property, the farmers’
share of the burden will be com-
paratively light. In theory this may
appear correct, but in practice just the
reverse is true. The great bulk of realty
in cities is held for the purpose of rental,
and the tax is thus easily shifted to the
shoulders of the tenants. Farmers as a
rule cannot avail themselves of this burden
shifting process, and are therefore com-
pelled to pay taxes upon their indebtedness
as well as upon their actual ownership.

THE MATTER OE TAXATION.

It is estimated that the farmers of the
United States are at the present time pay-
ing taxes on nearly $30,000,000,000 of
actual indebtedness, while the investors in
farm mortgages are as a rule escaping tax-
ation almost entirely; and still they are
not content, but are constantly urging the

enactment of laws by our several legisla-

tures, that will totally exempt all personal
property from taxation. In view of these
facts will farmers, especially organized
farmers, continue to hug the delusive hope,
nay almost belief, that their condition is
all they desire, and there is no need of
legislation in their behalf‘? The census
report shows that there are 9,000,000
mortgages on real estate in this country.
At the low estimate of $3,000 per mort-
gage we have an aggregate of $27,000,-
000,000. Is there any need of legislation
to relieve the nominal owners of this
mortgaged property from paying taxes that
should be paid by the real owners? And
again the question arises, are the realties
of the great corporations assessed in the
same ratio as the realty of the farmer? A
very few years since, the union stock
yards of Chicago were reported to be
worth, including stocks and bonds, $23,000,-
000 and paid a tax on only $1,000,000.
The Pullman Car Co., with a property re-
puted to be worth $50,000,000, paid a tax
upon only $1,000,000. Such a rate of
assessment applied to farm property would
place their value at 30 cents per acre in-
stead of $30. Is there any need for legis-
lation in the interest of farmers? And
yet we have men in our own ranks as an
Order who are ever ready to denounce
plain truth tellers as cranks and disturbers.
Are they owners of securities that are
escaping taxation?
INTEREST.
In the matter of interest upon money,

interest and for the equal protection of

the farmers, or that portion of them

Add to this the significant fact ,
‘ of the industrial classes generally, but in

who are from necessity borrowers, are no
better off. They are today as a rule paying
higher rates of interest than any other
class, and as a rule receiving lower rate
per cent upon their investment. Here
again it seems to me there is opportunity
for legislation authorizing and protecting
farmers’ loan associations. Thousands of
farmers are depositing their small surplus
in our banks at 3 to 4 per cent, while their
neighbors need the money and would
gladly pay 5 per cent and give good secu-
rity.

Adulteration of food products is another
great curse to the farmers, and also to con-
sumers, and legislation, both state and na-
tional,to wipe out this worst of abomina-
tions, is one of the greatest needs of the
times. '

Dealing in futures of all kinds is, in my
opinion, a curse to any country, and should
be prohibited by the general government.

REPRESENTATION NEEDIZI).

Yes, there is need of legislation in the

interest of farmers, and also in the interest

order to secure such legislation. every
industry must be represented in our law
making bodies. With all due deference to
the legal fraternity, I feel compelled to say
that I believe it would be far better for the
future of our country if we would insist
upon representation in proportion to our
numbers, and the importance of the in-
dustry in which we are engaged. While I
do not believe in making the Grange a
political organization in any sense, I do
believe in teaching the farmer that he is,
or should be an important factor in the
body politic, and that it is his imperative
duty to use his utmost‘ influence t- sec-ui-n:
the election of honest, clean men to repre-
sent him in our law making bodies; and
I would also like to persuade him that an
intelligent farmer makes a safe and better
representative than a professional poli-
tician. Let us remember that in the early
days of our government “equal taxation
and equal representation” were considered
the only safe-guards for a republican form
of government.
Jamestoufn, N. Y.

WHAT SHALL THE AGR.ICL'L'l'URAL
COLLEGE TEACH.’
E. D. HOWE, MASTER MASSACHUSETTS
STATE GRANGE.

All education has for its ultimate object
one of two things. Either it is intended to
enable its possessor to more easily gain a
livelihood, or else to better enjoy the
blessings and comforts of life.

A certain kind of technical education
may win for a man an enormous fortune in
a few years of time, but unless he has, in
addition a mind capable of enjoyment, his
wealth is to him little more than trash.

Think for a moment, what does a wealthy
but ignorant man get for his money? Art,
music, literature, science, are to him mean-
ingless. His only wants are those inspired
by appetite, pride, or passion, and to spend
his fortune in the gratification of these
desires is‘ but to pander to the brutisli and
sensual. Is it not true therefore, that his
wealth is to him little more than trash?

With this premise, therefore, what should
the agricultural college teach? It should
teach, first, all those studies which will
enable the future farmer to more easily
and successfully gain a livelihood, and
second, quite a proportion of those branches
of knowledge which will give to him the
capacity of appreciating and enjoying his
surroundings.

STUDIES FOR USE.

Under the first head I would include of
course, agriculture, with its many sub-
divisions of soils, drainage, irrigation,
manures, rotation of crops, farm machinery,
cattle breeding, etc.; then botany as the
natural forerunner of horticulture and
market-gardening; chemistry, than which
no other one science has done more to make
farming profitable; mathematics, including
algebra and geometry as well as book-keep-
ing; veterinary science, at least in its
fundamental principles; political economy,
not a smattering, but a broad and liberal
study of the whole science of government
and the laws of commerce and society; and

Continued on page 5.


    

2

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

AUGUST 16, 1894.

STUDY 0UR CIVIL INSTITUTIONS.

N. D. CORBIN.

“ The American people have a practical
aptitude for politics, a clearness of vision
and capacity for self-control never equaled
by any other nation.” “ Such a people can
work any constitution.” Such is the opin-
ion of that eminent English publicist and
statesman James Bryce, recorded in his
scholarly exposition of our civil institu-
tions, entitled the “American Common-
wealth." “ In matters of government,” says
America’s greatest living constitutional
lawyer, Judge Cooley, “America has be-
come the leader and the example for all
enlightened nations. England and France
alike look across the ocean for lessons which
may form and guide their people.” These
utterances, coming as the well considered
opinions of men so eminent among schol-
ars of political science, are well calculated
to stir the pride of Americans and to
sharpen their interest in their own insti-
tutions. They may also tend to increase
the feeling of self-coiifidence, so character-
istic of this people, in their ability to cope
with any problem that may present itself
in the arena of politics; and too much self
confidence is a dangerous thing in nations

as well as persons.

THE NEED OF THIS STUDY.

It will not do for Americans to trust to
luck, or to their star of destiny, or to their
phenomenal politicalinstinct to carry them
through the era of change which seems so
surely impendingupon them. The questions
agitating the public mind involve a great
change in the fundamental principles upon
which our civil institutions are based,—
they are almost revolutionary. However,
if the people demand that the new princi-
ples shall prevail, reconstruction will surely
follow, and the character and peacefulness
of the changes will depend upon the gen-
uine knowledge, self-control, and political
capacity of the citizens.

American institutions are not of the sim-
ple superficial kind that he who runs may
read. James Bryce,skilled student of politics
as he was, found many years of closest appli-
cation necessary to enable him to grasp the
true principles of our governmental. ma-
chinery, and to comprehend the intricate
relations existing between its manifold
parts.
reared in the midst of these things and
breathing in their spirit with every breath,
has an immense advantage over the schol-
arly foreigner, but to him also will much
that is grandest and most inspiring remain
hidden and unknown unless he seeks dili-
gently for knowledge.

The study of our civil institutions is for
the citizen a duty. Their very existence
is bound up in, and inseparable from, the
intelligent discharge of his_ electoral func-
tions by each citizen. The engineer must
know his engine. But what constitutes
such knowledge?

THE KIND or STUDY.

It is not enough to know when, where,
and how to cast a ballot, or to understand
how nominations are made, and campaigns
conducted, or to be able to name the state
and national oflicers and give a general
account of their duties. Something more
is wanted, all this is preliminary and
formal. The citizen should know the or-
igin of our government; what principles
and theories of government dominated in
the formation of our constitution; the deli-
cate adjustment of checks and balances;
the relation of the state and the national
government, the distribution of powers be-
tween them; the dual nature of our citizen-
ship; how custom and circumstances have
modified our political system since its es-
tablishment; wherein the system has de-
veloped weaknesses; how the representative
principle is carried out; what course the
people must take to secure reforms; have
the safeguards ever proved inadequate; and
so on,——the list might be very considerably
extended.

The insight into our civil institutions
which would result from investigations
along these lines is well worth the trouble
it would take to get it. In such a course
of study questions of governmental inter-
ference and reform involved in labor trou-
bles, socialism, Tammany, city government,
tramp nuisance, taritf reform, etc., fall into
line and get themselves answered upon a
reasonable basis. At present we handle our
problems but clumsily and institute needed
reforms by awkward and roundabout pro-
cesses. Coxey’s army marched from the
center of the continent to Washington to
petition congress to do what it could not
by any possible construction of the con-
stitution be allowed to do,—something ut-
terly outside its powers. Governor Waite
of Colorado suggested gravely that his state
should “coin money and regulate the
value thereof,” a function vested by the
people of these United States in the national
government alone.

THE USE OF THE KNOWLEDGE.

In this eminently transitional age, cranks
abound whose half-baked theories of gov-
ernment, society, and economics are circu-
lated industriously. Error seems more
easily disseminated than truth, and espec-
ially error in which lies a modicum of truth.

The American citizen, born and.

w

The only way in which the pernicious in-
fluences thus set in motion can be over-
come is by giving the people the fullest
possible correct information upon such
matters. So it is a worthy, a most laudable
department of the labors of the Patrons of
Husbandry, to spread a knowledge of our
civil institutions. It is the work that
makes wise and patriotic citizens. This
kind of investigation tends to make real
reforms possible and false ones impossible,
to provide for a rational solution of all
public questions, and to defeat the crank
and sophist in advance of their appearance.
By this means the political activity of the
citizen becomes ennobled into a devotion
to principle, and the grand mission of our
country to teach the world the blessings of
liberty and the essential dignity of man-
hood shall be long and gloriously fulfilled.
Ann Arbor, Mich.

WHAT on THE GR.n’GE D0 FOR 'l‘HI~}
DISTRICT SCHOOLS.’

D. E. MC CLURE, coiriiissioxnn or SCHOOLS
FOR OCEANA COUNTY.

Accepting your invitation to write upon
the subject heading this contribution, we
beg to say the Grange may do immeasur-
able good to the district school if it will.
The question could have been better put
by asking, “ What may the Grange do for
the district schools?” There is no question
but that the Granges could do very much
for the schools educating their children,
the test is, what will they do?

The first sound principle of political
economy for a nation to learn is how to
secure the conditions necessary to preserve
its life and progress. This can only be
done through education, and to a large
majority of American citizens the district
school is the only teacher. We now have
the problem and its solution before us. Let
us go a step farther and say that this na-
tion had a divine origin, a divine end to be
gained. What is that end‘? “ That all men
have a divine right to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.” Let us keep this
end in mind as we proceed with the dis-
cussion of the improvement of the district
schools.

IDEALS NECESSARY.

There need be no conflict among wise
farmers, school officers, as to how far to
insist on ideal, and how far to be content
with imperfect conditions. To pursue ideals
or consult expediency is small tax on our
powers; how to join them is the special
function of our schools to develop. Pur-

suing this argument tn its.l.egitir:;iate close...

we must say with Horace E. Scudder, “ That
when a man loses belief in any higher good
than his own personal comfort, the deteri-
oration of his nature goes on rapidly.
When a nation loses faith in its ideals,
turns its back on its own history, refuses
to believe in its divine origin, its divine
order, its divine end, shuts its eyes to the
goal of history, sneers at sacrifice, and
worships worldly success, then that nation
is laying itself open to a more sure loss of
liberty than could possibly result from ex-
posure to outside attack.” This agrees ex-
actly with Emerson who says, “When at
last in a race, a new principle appears, an
idea,——i‘hat conserves it; ideas only save
races.”

The ideal of liberty was adopted by the
colonies in 1776; twelve years later they
adopted slavery on a compromise. Why?
The commercial ideal was more powerful
with certain delegates than the higher ideal
of liberty. \Vhat followed‘? Gettysburg,
Appomattox! Let us remember today that
if liberty has its BullRuns and Fredericks-
burgs, it will also have its Gettysburg and
Appomattox; and While we remember this,
let us also remember that we cannot pro-
gress rapidly towards an ideal condition of
society while each generation repeats the
bloody drama of Cain and Abel. “ The
history of mankind interests us only as it
exhibits a steady gain of truth and right,
in the incessant conflict which it records
between the material and moral nature.”

THE SCHOOL HOUSE INSPIRES IDEALS.

The New England school house gave us
Lovejoy, Garrison, VVendell Phillips, Har-
riet Beecher Stowe, Whittier. These an-
nounced a higher ideal of freedom to Amer-
ica, a million boys in blue died that the
ideal might live. Had the ideal lived with-
out the conflict, we should have been one
hundred years nearer the brotherhood of
man.

Let us look at another essential principle
in governing a republic. “ Derived power
cannot be superior to the power from which
it is derived.”

Now I submit that since John Wycliff
burned and the charter of Runnymede was
won, up to the present time, the governed
power is in a large measure to blame for
the slow progress of civilization. It took
nearly two thousand years to displace
“ Cursed be Canaan,” and to substitute in
place thereof “Blessed are the meek for
they shall inherit the earth.” And the
meek will doubtless remain out of their in-
heritance for two thousand years to come,
unless ideas move more rapidly in the
future than in the past. We believe they
will move faster. VVe believe the change

will come in silence or in thunder; we trust
it will come in the former. Vile are finding
out that there is not “ yet a political con-
science which fulfills the sketch of national
order contained in the written constitution.”
Where must this conscience be quickened?
In the district school. The work of the
Grange is to be one of the prime factors
used in the work. This is grandly set
forth in our motto——“ The farmer is of
more consequence than the farm, and
should be first improved.”

THE GRANGE INFLUENCE.

The Grange cannot live on its past. It
is already dead if it tries to do that. Let
the farmers in every district school in
Michigan, say, We shall have a good
teacher, (L comfortable school bnz'ld2'n_q, a
beautiful school room with pictures upon
the walls, a school library, a good school
yard fenced and shaded with trees.

If we can have such surroundings now
for the twentieth century citizens, we can
see the end of the labor and capital prob-
lem, and the temperance question. If every
Grange would make itself felt in its county
we should soon see these things coming to
pass. We cannot bring them to pass by
making resolutions, and then snail-like
drawing ourselves into a hole, isolating our-
selves from the teachers and their work.

In a large number of our schools reigns
a trinity made up of dust, dirt, and (leviltry, ,.
over which presides a school keeper whose
name is Ignorance. VVhy is such a condi-
tion tolerated? Because the school keeper
comes for a few dollars less than the
teacher. Who is to blame for this? Often
the Granges. Vllhy‘? Because the com-
mercial ideal commands the district, and
lies at the root of educational endeavor. It
was because of this commercial ideal that
cultured Boston mobbed Garrison and
Phillips. It is because of the commercial
teaching we are doing that higher ideals of
self-government bend to the ideal of “Get to
the front; it don’t matter how you get there,
but get there some how.”

THE GRANGE HAS HELPED.

Nearly every school room in Oceana
county has, in a large measure, the condi-
tions requisite for creating higher ideals.
In this work, the more intelligent and un-
selfish Grangers have done their part. This
is grandly true of Hesperia and Sylvan
Granges. Let me appeal to every Patron
in Michigan to help all he or she can to
broaden, deepen, and beautify the work of
the district schools.

The patriotic Patron scans the ocean,
upon which the ship of state is sailing, for

1

 of a nmre glorious sail, the har-
binger of a better civilization, the dawning
of the morning star of a better day, and
he shall not look in vain. He says:
“Therefore, in the hour of its coming
struggle the nation looks to its schools.
Here shall we make our stand, cast up our
entrenchments, and be ready to meet the
enemy.”

Shelby, Mich.

NATIONAL RELATIONS T0 IRRIGA'l‘ION.

The National Government has a duty to
perform in this matter which it should rec-
ognize and which demands imperative,
prompt, and vigorous action. lVitliin the
sphere of its acknowledged rights it should
not hesitate and should not be parsimo-
nious:

l. The national government holds in
trust the western waters, the forest domain,
and the mountain ranges in which they are
gathered, held, and sent to the plains be-
low. In its national capacity it possesses i
the fountains which bring refreshment :
and plenty to the states and communities
whose existence depends upon their well
designed conservation and distribution. 3
The exigency is upon us. Action is im- ,
perative. Inaction in these times of spo-
liation and private greed means vast injury
to future generations, and only a partial ‘
and inconsiderable benefit to the present.
Inconsidera e legislation or no legislation
may wreck t 1e future. The times demand
the immediate adoption of a well consid-
ered forest and water conserving policy
which shall preserve the forests at the source ,
of all streams flowing from or through the
national domain. This policy should in- 4
clude the use as well as the preservation of ‘
the products of the forests. A proper use %
of and well designed regulations for the i
cutting of the timber will improve the for- ?

est reserves, rather than destroy them. This s
involves intelligent supervision. It will
cost. It will, however, pay in the end, in
the enhanced benefit to irrigation. It will
pay dollar for dollar, in the near future. in
the sale of timber.

The bill (H. R. 119) introduced by Hon.
T. C. McRae of Arkansas, entitled a bill to *
protect forest reservations, now pending in ;
the house of representatives with amend- ‘
ments, while not perfect is a step in the i
right direction, and it is to be hoped as a
result we shall have such legislative recog- ;
nition of the responsibility of the national ‘
government in the matter as is commensu-
rate with its importance.

2. The government holds their stream I
sources in trust and should not, in my
judgment, relinquish them nor abdicate its
supremacy. These streams are national,

 

. and devoted to the Order as ever.

and in some cases international highways.
They are not and should never be permit-
ted to become the property, nor be made
subject to the exclusive or restrictive use
of any one state. I look with apprehen-
sion upon the etfort now being pressed
with more or less vigor and perti_nacity_ to
turn over all the public lands, including
forest and mountain ranges, to the states,
respectively, in which they lie. It matters
not that the project is based upon the plan
that the national government is derelict,
and that the state can more profitably and
economically use them for the benefit of
the great west. The government in the
view heretofore taken should no longer and
it is to be hoped will not be derelict. A
conservative consideration of the history of
the grants heretofore made to the states and
the use made by them will not warrant the
conclusion that it is safe or prudent to leave
our vast western empire and the streams
which traverse it at the mercy of any com-
munity which may rob other communities,
with equal natural rights, of their sources
of life and sustenance. The waters of these
streams, since they began to flow or since
man has used them, have been the common
property of all who have made their homes
on their banks from the mountain peaks to
the sea, and no state lines should be per-
mitted to become barriers to prevent their
flow as nature has designed, nor should

any community be given the monopoly of '

their use, so as essentially to destroy
others with equal, and in many cases with
prior rights. For generations before the

feet of the new comers, nearer the sources

of water, men have been heard in the land,
lived and died, have had happy homes,
happy according to their measure of hap-
piness, and it would be an outrage upon
civilization and humanity to authorize by
any mistaken policy a new community to
tap the sources of life, and remit antece-
dent occupants to the dust and their homes
to the desert waste. We have in many
ways given up national and common rights
already, and in a large measure have re-
stricted our power to organize a policy
that shall he just to all, and exactly what
to do in the premises is not clear, but we
would be blind as bats to abdicate what-
ever of power we have remaining. Let us
call a halt, take an account of stock, and
make a business of seeing that bankruptcy
shall not overtake our western empire and
the future possibilities of the great “ Amer-
ican desert” shall not be sold for a “mess
of pottage.”

3. How much water is there? Whence
comes it and what becomes of it? How
much is the _rainfall and snowfall on the
mountains and in the forests? How much
goes into the air,how much goes and where
under ground, and what becomes of it
after its disappearance? And how much
and with what rate does it make its way
to the sea? These are all questions more
properly submitted to, investigated and
answered by the national government.
Every stream should be accurately meas-
ured, the rain and snowfall should be care-
fully observed and registered from the
mountain to the plain, so that the occupants
within any given water shed shall know
with reasonable certainty the stock of water
upon which they can rely. Seasons vary,
and it is of supreme importance to be ad-

= vised in time what the water resources may

be. A perfect record should also be made
of all use and diversion of the streams for
irrigation so that with a given stock on
hand for all, reasonable forecasts may be
made of what is likely to come by all doors.
Something is being done already in these

‘ lines, and more is contemplated, but we can

not too soon enter upon a careful and sys-
tematic and continuous examination and, so
far as possible, an accurate report on these
subjects.—Hoiz. Edwin I'VilltfS in The Ir-
rz'gaz‘i'on lllarkcf.

THE REAL GRANGE WORK.

Brother Kelley called—at the office of the
Farmer and Homes Wednesday of this

. week. He is still in active life, full of

energy and enthusiasm, and as interested
He is
charmed to learn of its progress in New
England and that it is devoted to sound,

= conservative educational and social Work.
3 This, he says, was the real idea of its foun-
i dation; that when the Grange was insti-

tuted its founders did not have in mind
any of the wild cat, radical notions which

: ultimately prevailed and nearly wrecked

the Order; so that it seems, from the
founder himself, that the revival of the

* Order along more conservative lines, es-

chewing politics, and the inducement to
make two dollars out of one, is returning

* to the fundamental principles on which the

Order was established, rather than shifting
into a new channel to avoid the rocks and
adverse currents which experience had
shown to be in the old path.———Our Grange
Homes.

It is the duty of every intelligent, law-
abiding American citizen to insist upon the
supremacy of law, upon equal rights for
every man, whether he be a laborer or an
employer, a poor man or a capitalist; upon
the right of men to own and manage
property, to hire men or to refuse to hire
men.—New York Independent.

rap-

 


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...~w-

AUGUST 16, 1894

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

THE GRANGE AND SOCIAL LIFE ON THE
FARM.

MRS. ELIZA C. GIFFORD.

It is ofteii a matter of comment that
there is less of social life at the present
time than formerly existed, especially
among farming communities; that farmers
live too isolated, absorbed in the cares and
rush of work, with very little thought of
others; that this tends to narrowminded-
ness, selfishness, and conceit.

The news of the great, busy world, which
comes daily to the denizens of cities, and
even of small towns that possess a telegraph,
a telephone, or a daily mail, comes not, per-
haps, for a whole week, to break the mon-
otony of work of many remote from the
centers of business.

SOCIAL LIFE NEGLECTED.

Thus, the social side of life, the ameni-
ties, the courtesies,are largely undeveloped,
and we come to lack that living, vital in-
terest in our fellow beings which is neces-
sary to a well rounded human development.

Especially is this likely to be the case
with the farmer’s wife. As mother, house-
keeper, dairy-maid, seamstress, cook, and
general factotum, every moment is filled,
and, unless she be a woman of uncommon
intellect, and has a thirst for knowledge
which nothing can satisfy, books and papers,
no matter how liberally supplied, lie un-
read and neglected by her, because she has
come to believe that she has no time to
devote to them, and her life settles down in
one round of daily household cares, with
little outlook upon the broad world, and lit-
tle knowledge beyond the four walls of her
home. Business may frequently call a man
from home, and in the town, or among his
neighbors, he finds that companionship
which in a measure satisfies the social cr_av-
ings of his nature; but the wife and mother,
whose every hour is filled with work and
care, finds little of this relief, and not rare
are the instances in which a premature
grave, or an insane asylum, becomes a place
of rest.

It is to this very class that the Grange
in its social features comes as a benedic-
tion. The financial, the educational inter-
ests may be of great value, but the social
part touches the very springs of existence,
and supplies a want for which the soul
hungers and thirsts. It brings into ac-
quaintance and close friendship not only
ones neighbors, but men and women of
worth and intelligence more remote, who,
but for this association, would be known
only in name.

How THE GRANGE H.-is HELPED.

Not until the Grange came were women
ever allowed to sit in and share the coun-
cils of a body organized and conducted
under parliamentary rules. Equality of
privileges, and encouragement to take part
in questions under discussion, gives a
broader outlook to life, drives away care,
and lightens burdens which under contin-
ual pressure become almost too heavy to
bear. “I like to have father and mother
go to the Grange,” said a young lady, “ for
they always come home good natured, and
that is more than I can always say of them.”

It is an old but true saying, that “all
work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
God created us social beings, and without
some remission from the toil and care
which come to the average farmer and fam-
ily, that cheerfulness of mind which keeps
the bright side uppermost is not always in
the ascendency.

I believe a man or a woman can accomp-
lish more work in a year, if faithful in at-
tendance upon the Grange, than if that
time is given to work; for the physical and
mental rest obtained, the pleasant memor-
ies, the warm fraternal greetings, the
larger outlook of life, act like a tonic, and
increased vigor and cheerfulness bring hap-
piness and length of days.

Jamestown, N. Y.

 

THE BUSINESS SIDE 01-‘ HOME KEEPING.

 

MISS MARY C. ALLIS, CERES MICHIGAN STATE
GRANGE.

 

Every home is a little kingdom of its
own. It is the natural condition of things
that all women should be housekeepers,
and in order to be successful in adminis-
tering the affairs of the kingdom of home,
every girl should, if possible, learn the
practical routine of housework. It is not
merely washing dishes, the making of beds,
or sweeping and dusting rooms, but it should
be taken up as a labor of love for the dear
ones,—it is even more, a form of religion,
for labor is worship. .

Mrs. Garfield on one occasion wrote to
her husband as follows: “I am glad to
tell you, that out of all the toil and disap-
pointment of the summer just ended, I
have risen up to a victory. I read some-
thing like this the other day: ‘There is
no healthy thought without .labor, and
thought makes the labor happy.’ Per-
haps this is the way I have been able
to climb up higher. It came to me

this morning, when I was making bread.
I said to myself, ‘ Here I am, compelled by
an inevitab
this summer.

e necessity, to make our bread
Why not consider it a pleas-

ant occupation, and make it so, by trying
to see what perfect bread I can make?’ It
seemed like an inspiration, and the whole
of my life grew brighter. The very sun-
shine seemed flowing down through my
spirit into the white loaves, and now I be-
lieve that my table is furnished with bet-
ter bread than ever before; and this truth,
old as creation, seems just now to have
become fully mine, that I need not be the
shrinking slave of toil, but its regal master,
making whatever I do yield its best fruits.”

THE FINANCIAL BASIS OF HOME.

Every kingdom stands strongest when
established on a thorough financial basis,
and the home kingdom is no exception; an
itemized account of expenses is often
thought too laborious, but a system of
summary items can easily be adopted and
will help to show us in these hard times
where useless expenditure can be avoided.
If each subject is made thoroughly ac-
quainted with the family exchequer there
will be less liability of financial depression.
It is no more than just that all, from the
least to the greatest, have something to
call their very own; and through this chan-
nel a most admirable opportunity is pre-
sented to begin a training in business ways
and to deny ourselves by not allowing our
wants to exceed the means of gratification.

AN INCIDENT.

Too frequently the following incident
represents the condition of the main burden
bearer. A little boy on his way to build
fires in an otfice, while the stars were still
shining, remarked: “ My mother gets up,
builds the fire, gets my breakfast, and sends
me otf. Then she gets my father up, and
gives him his breakfast, and sends him off.
Then she gets the other children their
breakfast and sends them off to school;
and then she and the baby have their
breakfast.”

“ How old is the baby?”

“Oh, she is most two: but she can talk
and walk as well as any of us.”

“Are you well paid for your work ?”

“I get :32 a week and father gets 82 a
day.”

“ How much does your mother get?”

\Vith a bewildered look he answered:

“Mother? VVhy, she don't work for
anybody.”

“ I thought you said she worked for all
of you?”

“Oh, yes, she works for us, but there
ain’t any money in it.”

Ordinarily, it rests very much with our-
selves whether housework takes upon itself
the form of drudgery or not. Especially
is it so on the farm, where homekeeping
includes not only housekeeping, but gjgo
the care of the yard and poultry, and not
infrequently the garden as well. But sur-
rounded as we are by the freshness of na-
ture, an opportunity is presented for growth
such as our sisters of the city know not of.

The Rev. Henry Hudson says, regarding
the education of women, “Let it suffice
that their rights and interests in this mat-
ter are co-ordinate with those of men; just
that and no more. Their main business,
also, is to get an honest living, and the
education that impairs them, or leaves them

' unprepared for this, is the height of folly

and wrong. The greatest institution in
the world is the family. The greatest art
known is housekeeping, which is the life
of the family. Housekeeping is the last
thing that any lady can afford to be ignor-

ant of.”
Adrian, Mich.

AND BETTER PAPERS AND

MAGAZINES.
MISS JENNIE BUELL, SECRETARY MICHIGAN
STATE GRANGE.

MORE

Mr. Daily-paper-man, won’t you, for the
experiment, take your pencil and mark in
your News, or Post, or Times, every
article or item you have just read which
you do not care to remember, or know,
from past experience, that you shall not
remember?

And now, Mr. One-Local-paper-man,
please do the same with your Express, or
Exponent, or Expounder of neighborhood
news.

My Lady-of-the-house, will you treat
your pet paper or home department in the
same way?

Taking it for granted that you have
been fair to your customary manner of
reading, what have you left? Not very
much? Yet the ground gone over to get
this little is sometimes enormous, and is
covered by a sort of unconscious mental
device for killing time. When we are real
frank with ourselves, we confess it is so.

I know a man who reads his one daily
paper~seldom anything else; and he
absorbs it from the three word medicine

“ ad ” in the cornerto the most trivial per-.

sonal in the society news. He reads it
week days and Sundays, the year round.
He is a most hopeless piece of drift-wood
when he chances to be deprived of his par-
ticular Times. Had you the eyes for such
sight, you might as soon expect to find a
vital, original thought in his brain, as to
find a cogent opinion on the Hawaiian
government in the head of a back-woods-
man who ignores the press entirely. They

! are about equally pitiable; one drenches

his power to think by indiscriminate read-
ing, the other lacks seed to grow thought
because he does not read at all. A flood is
as destructive as a drouth.

THE MISUSE OF THE DAILY PAPER.

Granted that the daily paper is a good
thing and a necessity—for it is both—it
ought to be read in a half, or a third, or
yes, a tenth of the time usually spent on it.
IVhat use have you for lumbering up your
head with the odds and ends of anecdote,
chaff, and curious personalities that chink
in after the main news items? Important,
reliable information is always carefully
head-lined in a regular conspicuous column
in a.reputable daily. Let those whose
time is worth less than yours read them.
And of what use is it to you to know that
a boy, taking a load of potatoes to market
in southern California, was run into by
the express, which passes that place at
9:03 a. m., and the fore finger of his right
hand dislocated, but his team was killed
instantly? Horses are too cheap to war-
rant reading of their killing-if they
belong to some one else——and if the boy
had been your boy and his neck broken,
you would have heard of it by telegraph
before you bought your paper.

It is folly to cumber our sympathies and
eye-sight by “ much serving” over columns
of accidents, of heart crushing family
scandals, of polluted manliness, of smirched
woman’s purity, if the aim is not to search
out a remedy. Some one has suggested
that the trot of a dog across abridge has in
it more of the element of injury than a
very heavy load has. So the vibration of
daily excited sympathies and curiosities,
with no thought toward the solution of the
conditions that gives rise to them, tends to
weaken the mental fiber of any mind.
Don’t do it! Avoid the useless in reading
as you would pass the pest house—don’t
do it!

FREE DELIVERY.

The daily paper, as the average runs,
put by free mail delivery into every farm
home, would not be an unmixed blessing, in
my opinion. Like temperance radicals
who care little for the hard drinkers, but
plead for the boys and girls, I am not so
afraid of the effect of the daily on the
fathers as on the sons and girls. It is the
paper that lies uppermost; its outspread
sheet drops on the lounge or is blown onto
the floor where it is most convenient to
catch up in the idle moment; before one is
old and gone, another is new and here; it
is read indiscriminately, in short it edu-
cates the whole family whether you will
or no. With all respect to the support of

».«. good enterprises and their noble uses,

there are still on the average daily page,
too often over-drawn details, too much
lowering of opponents’ characters and ex-
aggeration of “ our mens’,” too hideous and
shameful caricatures of chief officials and
public men, to bid any modern news-
paper a whole hearted welcome to every
home. Pictures are among the first letters
of a child’s alphabet. To improve your
papers and magazines according to the
integrity of their pictures, would not be
amiss as a rule to follow.
EFFECT ON THE CHILDREN.

Girls who by wrong doing have become
state wards are strictly kept from the read-
ing of the newspapers lest the criminal
records and details of “ man’s inhumanity
to man ” shall strengthen the latent im-
pulses to evil within them. Shall this be
done for them and no thought be given
the tender wards of home roofs and hearts‘?
Think of this as you read your next paper
and toss it carelessly down. Is there no
better in the same field? Is it preaching
the teachings you wish your boy to follow?
Is it insisting that others have rights as
well as duties? Is it fair, honest, giving
men their best due, rebuking only when it
must‘? Is it clean, soiling its pages with
scandal, no matter how notorious, only
when it can by that means best preach
purity?

The trade paper, the farm paper, the
woman’s journal, whatever is taken, the
best of its kind is none too good. A postal
brings asample, and a cent is a paltry
barrier to place between us and a choice of
each kind. Carry into all reading the
same general rule that applies to news,
that is, cull what you need in your special
occupation, and in your individual adapta-
tion for it. If your soil is sandy, don’t
study clay farming over-much. If the
fashion page is descriptive of Paris made
costumes, you waste yourself if you read
it; for, if you can afford to copy them, you
will leave it all to your dressmaker any
way.

ECONOMY or BRAIN POWER.

Save your brain. The best mental
muscle of men and women is needed for
' the great fights, not in the little frays on
the edges of civlization. Save brain effort
and time to spend again on a greater
variety of papers and on magazines.
Better a half dozen opinions on one ques-
tion from different vantage points than
one opinion on each of half a dozen ques-
tions. Remember a bias can be cut more
than one way of the cloth, and if you ob-
serve you will see most papers allow but
one bias.

THE VALUE OF MAGAZINES.

Read magazines. There is a stamina, a
cool-headedness, to writing done after the
pageant has passed, that can not be had in
the hurried reports for the news columns.
More magazines. I think it safe to say
there are far more country readers of the
monthly magazine than towns-people think,
but that does not signify that the patron-
age should not be quadrupled.

The unrest of social and business sys-
tems is caused by some of the people—
farmers, laborers, mechanics-reading and
thinking for themselves. The troubling
of the times makes it our duty to help the
spread of more and better reading, in
ourselves first, then in our neighbors. It
is practical missionary work to hand your
neighbor a paper or magazine that sets
him to thinking fresh, broader thoughts.
It is a work we are called to do today. In
the cause of discontent lies its own cure,
i. e., intelligence, thought, action. \Ve are
all groping, we know not for what, surely.
\Vhen need these Forums and Arenas of
the press, and those Reviews where these
vital questions that we ask are discussed.
The touch of culture which comes from
contact with Ifarpcr or Cenfm'_z/ or
Chautmcqua is a something that makes
the difference between one home and
another.

Finally, or firstly, are the childrens’
papers and magazines, something dainty,
calling them to “come out, and up, and
on;” something separate from the corner
in father’s paper or mamma’s household
magazine? But if I dip my pen in the
memory of a childhood. brightwith the best
magazines for children then known to the
best of mothers, I shall make this plea for
juvenile literature in every home alto-
gether too long and fervid. Better simply
say: “Invest, it will pay.”

Ann Arbor, Mich.

WASTE!) .VIO)IE.\"l'S AND W]-[A'I' )[I(r‘H'l‘ BE
.\CCO)[I’LISHEl).

[Written by request for Pomona Grange at Batavia.]

Now had I been given a choice of topics
I would hardly have selected the one in
question. but the task being assigned me,
I will not shirk it, though not in perfect
sympathy with my subject, as “ wasted
moments” fail to enter very largely into
the lives of us busy housewives, and often-
times life seems too short to accomplish
the work which falls to our lot. Neverthe-
less there are “ wasted moments,” and a
retrospective View reveals them-lost op-
portunities in our past lives for usefulness
and good, which through carelessness and
indifference were passed by unimproved.

Our talents are given us that they may
be developed and multiplied; yet some
bury them so deep they are never resur-
rected. Time is our greatest legacy—a
gift from God~and if well spent is a bless-
ing to ourselves and others; if not, we may
at the last take up the sad lament of “ The
harvest is past," and I have only been an
idler in the field.

This is a busy world, and with most there
is little leisure, yet the “rainy days” do
come, the times when by word or deed some
good may be done. Our time is only
loaned, and sooner or later the great Usurer
will demand principal and interest, and if
it has been unimproved, we can return
nothing and are bankrupts. IVasted time
and opportunities are at the last stern ac-
cusers, haunting memories of “ what might
have been.” Much precious time is wasted
in questionable amusements and frivolous
pursuits that are neither elevating or profit-
able, which were it devoted to something
better would prove a source of good instead
of evil.

VVere all our wasted time and energies
utilized in the right direction, the millen-
ium would be nearer at hand than ever
before. “ Wasted moments and what might
be accomplished in them” would be a good
text to preach from, and may be viewed
from different standpoints, viz., the mas-
culine and feminine view of it. The former
would emphatically declare that the fem-
inine mind has a natural proneness for
frivolous things such as dress, fancy things,
and so on ad infinitum. Now the small
adornments of home and person render
both pleasing and attractive; they help
constitute the poetry of labor, if you will
allow me the expression, while the hard
work is the sober prose. Take out the
flavoring and spices from our food and it
would be tasteless and insipid; so leave off
the adornments, and the pleasure of mak-
ing them, for there is many a bright fancy
woven in with the making, then only a very
matter of fact, bread and butter (and the
butter spread very thin) existence remains.
We might retaliate in kind, and allude to
certain masculine pastimes, such as base
ball, club meetings, and other things too
numerous to mention, but our sex is mag-
nanimous and we forbear. But I don’t.
stick to my text. Firstly, “ Wasted mo-
ments,” that signifies time in which no
good has been done either to ourselves or
others, perhaps worse than wasted, and
soon retributions will overtake us, and our
wasted time will prove a swift witness
against us. “ What might be accomplished
in them?” Who can tell? Some of the

Continued on page 5,

 


  

1‘
1

O4>.« ,...;.-.-..-........ . ..

I

 

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

- . ,=,,._.,.¢..i-x;.\";i.-t‘-e-‘names:-sax-1-.fx-ii-.~.~.a-.\~ «gnu: .o.,—. -w- =- u v ~ 1 

AUGUST 16, 1894.

THE GRA_1j(_}l] VISITOR.

Published on the first and third Thursdays of every month.

Kenyon L. Butterfield, Editor and Manager.
LANSING. MICH.

To whom all exchanges. communications, advertising busi-
ness and subscriptions should be sent.

Oflice, Room 19. Old State Building.

TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six Months.
In Clubs of 20 more 40 Cents per-_ Year each.
Subscriptions payable in advance, and discontinued at
expiration. unless renewed.

§‘Remittances should be by Registered Lfittvel‘. M01185’

Order or Draft. Do not send stamps.
o insure insertion all notices should be mailed no
later than the Saturday preceding issue.

Entered at the Postofiice at Lansing. Mich., as fiecond
Class Matter.

@“’Nr.xT ISSUE SEPTEMBER 6.

OUR WORK.

The follmviiig has been iipproved by the State Grange :is_:i
fair stziteiiient of the objects the Grunge. of l\IlCl'1lgLll'l has in
view, and the special lines zilong whicli it purposes to \york.
We ho ie every Grunge in the state will work earnestly in :11]
these epilrtiiicnts, so thzit by 11 more united effort we shrill
rzipidlv increase our numbers, extend oiir_intluence, and nttziiii
more find more completely those ends which we seek.

0l'R OBJECT
is the Orgziiiizzitioii of the Fiiruiers for their own Improvement
Finzinciullv, Socially, Mentally, .\lor:illy. _

\\'e believe thrit this iiiiprovemcnt czin in large incrisure be
brouvht about: , _

1, Ya.) Bv wider individuzil study zind general discussion of
the business side of fziriiiing and home keeping.

(Zn) By co-operation for tinzincuil :i_(l\':int:igc. . _

2. (0.) By frequent social gatherings, and the _mingling
together of fzirmers with furiners, (‘ind of fLll’ll'lCI‘S with people
of other occupntioiis.

(In) By striving for 11 purer inzinliood, :1 nohlcr \\'0n’1£1nl100Ll,
and -.1 iiniversul brotherhood. ‘

3, .) By stuilying and promoting the improvement of our
district schools. _

U7.) By pxitroni/.ing :md ziiding the Agricultural Colleges zi_nil

Experiment Stations in their legitimate work of scientific iii~
vestigntioii, przictic-.il experiment, and education for l‘\ll".ll pur-
suits. - _ ,
(r.) By imiintziiiiing 11llLlfl[[Cl’ILlll:lg .f:ll‘lllL‘l‘.~” institutes: read-
ing in the Reading Circle: estzihlisliing zirid using cxrciiliiting
lihrnries: buying more and lvcttcr iii;ig':i'/.incs and papers for
the liomc. _ _ , , ,

4. (ii.| By diffusing :1 knowledge of our Cl\’ll institutions and
teiicliiiig the high duties of citi'/.cnsliip. _ V

(12) By demiiniling the enforceiireiit of existing statutes. und
lw discussing, :1ilvoc:iting, and trying to securi_: such other stzite
and niitionzll lziws as Sllilll tend to the geiiernl JIISUCL’, progress,
and morality.

OUR SPECIAL EDITION.

We call this issue an “Our \Vork” edition.
The aim has been to make it in part ex-
planatory, and in part suggestive. The
salient features of Grange work are set
forth, so that those outside the gates, and
perhaps some inside, shall get a more ac-
curate idea of what the Grange is for. In
addition to this, there are suggestions to
Patrons of what the Grange may and should
accomplish along certain definite lines.
So we have an edition that will be read
with interest by all farmers, whether Pa-
trons or not.

It will be observed that the articles are
written by some of the most prominent
Patrons in the United States. And it is
not too much to say that this edition con-
tains the foremost Grange thought of the
day. It is an issue that should be carefully
read and re-read.

VVe have tried to get each topic in “Our
Work” treated in a separate article. But
as the best laid schemes “gang aft agley,”
we must lament that our plan has not been
completely fulfilled. However, the out-
line has been adhered to sufiiciently well
to give the reader a comprehensive knowl-
edge of “Our Work.”

Fiecessarily the usual arrangement of the
paper has been broken, but will be resumed
next issue.

Some miscellaneous correspondence from
Michigan Patrons has been omitted pur-
posely, to give room for our special articles.

The Grange of Michigan is greatly in-
debted and heartily thankful to those Pa-
trons who have taken the time during the
busy season, to respond so fully and in such

 

kindness of spirit to requests for help on ,

this edition of the VISITOR.

 

S TRONGE R ORGANI Z A TI ON.

Every Patron of Husbandry, even the
conservative of conservatives, has in his
heart the desire for progress. No matter
how well he may be doing, he wishes to do
better. This sentiment is as applicable to
Grange work and workers, as to personal
endeavor. Therefore our motive will not
be misunderstood, if we here make a few
suggestions which, if carried out, will in
our judgment materially assist in bringing
our Grange work to a higher degree of
usefulness. Those who are best posted in
Grange work, and who give most of thought
and efiort to it, are the first to recognize
wherein the Grange is weak, and the first
to welcome anything that promises practical
aid in strengthening and developing it.

It seems apparent that the greatest weak-
ness of the Grange today is the lack of
organization of our work. We have some
of the machinery; but do we use it? How
thoroughly is our legislative work organ-
ized? For answer read the report of the
legislative committee at the last State
Grange. Or note the fact that after all

the agitation only ten petitions or reso-
lutions on the subject of nomination
of senators in state convention, were
lately received by the Republican state
central committee. How recently has the
Grange of Michigan thoroughly organ-
ized a campaign for or against a law‘? Take
it in educational lines. How much organ-
ized effort is put forth by our Granges in
behalf of our district schools——the very
bulwark of national safety? Or choose
almost any line of legitimate Grange work,
and who is ready to assert that such work
is fully organized in our state‘?

‘Vs believe that this incomplete organi-
zation is partly due to a. lack of apprecia-
tion of the work of the Grange as a whole.
Each member has a notion of what the
Grange is for. Each Grange is likely to
lay especial stress on a particular phase of
the work. But is there a universal appre-
ciation of the broad principles that under-
lie Grange work, and of the specific chan-
nels through which these principles can
flow with current sufficient to turn the
wheels of progress? To speak more
tersely, do we all know what the Grange
proposes to do, and how it proposes to do
it? We believe not, as fully as we should.

And the formation and promulgation of
the little platform called“ Our Work” had
for its motive a deep seated conviction
that each member of the Grange needs to
know precisely what he is working for, and
needs to have it before him at all times.
We thought that if the actual purposes of
the Grange could be succinctly stated, in a
form easy to keep in mind, it would be of
vast help to Grange work. And we
thought that if these purposes could be so
classified as to permit of a. more thorough
organization of work, the Grange would
speedily advance to new conquests.

We are glad to say that the State Grange
is working on this idea of more thorough
organization. We have a committee on
cooperation, whose labors are devoted to
arranging with firms so that members of
the Grange can buy at a large discount.
We have a woman’s work committee, who
are busily engaged in social. charitable,
and district school work. We have an
educational committee, whose duties lead

them to discovering how the agricultural»?

college, farmers’ institutes, and reading
courses can be better utilized for the edu-
cation of the farmers. We have a legisla-
tive committee of able men, who are
devoting considerable time and thought to
questions of great import to citizens of the
state. As stated before, we have the
machinery. But our weakness consists in
the cold fact that there is not sufiicient
unity of effort between these State Grange
committees and subordinate Granges. The
committees are doing grand work; but
they work at a disadvantage because the
rank and file do not seem to be supporting
them. Every subordinate Grange should
discuss the financial side of farming, and
whenever possible, act on the recommenda-
tions of the state committee. Every local
Grange should have an active woman’s
work committee, thoroughly in touch with
the state committee, and heartily coopera-
ting with it in woman’s distinctive work in

the Grange. Every Grange should seek ,
to understand what the agricultural
colleges and experiment stations are do-
ing, and should do all in their power to
aid in the work. They should also devote
much attention to institute and reading
circle work. Every subordinate Grange
should discuss the leading political topics,
and should be prepared to stand squarely
behind the state legislative committee
whenever it calls upon them.

This thorough organization will be the
work of years. But it is absolutely essen-
tial to large Grange success. It must be
begun on a comprehensive plan, improved
and strengthened year by year, and never
forgotten. Organization is our watchword.
Let us be sure that within the Grange we
are thoroughly organized.

THE BUSINESS SIDE OF FARMING.

EX-GOVERNOR CYRUS G. LUCE.

If there was anything in all the writings
of Brother Cobb for the VISITOR that dis-
tinguished him above another, it was his
constant effort to induce his readers to give
more attention to the business side of farm-
ing. I think my own thoughts have been
concentrated more in an effort to induce

the farmer to fertilize his fields. But the

two things may very properly go together as
a rule. But under present conditionsI think
the business side is of greater importance.
\Vith wheat at fifty cents a bushel, wool
twelve cents per pound, good fat cattle
three and a quarter, and fairly good horses
from fifty to sixty dollars per head, and
slow sale at that, it is very diflicult to adopt
any method, business or otherwise, that
will bring satisfactory results. But the
observance of business rules will render
valuable aid.

But I am asked to tell how the Grange
can be made valuable to the business side
of farming. It has been stated by some
writers that man is a lazy animal. I am not
going to adopt this for a truth, but the
farmer is often tired, and sometimes thinks
that a careful consideration of business
problems might furnish relief or a rest.
And it is true that in most cases something
is needed to stimulate the mind to activity.
Some depend upon their wives to do this,
but it is seldom the best way, and the
Grange comes in here, as in so many other
ways, as a proper stimulus to mental ac-
tivity.

ACCURATE ACCOUNTS.

The first business that should receive
the attention of the farmer is an accurate
account with himself. I know this has
been worn threadbare by iteration and re-
iteration, and I know further that it is not
as easy for the farmer to keep an account
with his farm and its products as it is for
the banker with his bank or the merchant
with his store. This is especially true if
one undertakes to keep an accurate account
with each field and each crop. While this
is_desirable, yet for the purpose of reach-
ing final results, not absolutely necessary;
but if in the family there is a boy or girl
mathematically inclined, it will furnish
very good exercise in that line, and perhaps
aid them in after life if bookkeeping should
come in their line. But if a farmer does
justice to himself the least he should do is
to know the final result of a year’s work
on the farm. And I desire here to caution
against a mistake often made in keeping
the accounts in a way that shall produce
desired results. That is, if one has an in-
clination to exaggerate the cost of a crop,
too high an estimate will be placed upon
some of the labor performed, and if the
desire is to reduce the cost too low an esti-
mate will be made. For instance: I saw an
estimate going the rounds of the agricult-
ural press of this state wherein the Writer
claimed that he had spent $1,000 going to
the world’s fair last year, built a house
that cost $2,000, sold a crop of wheat
that yielded less than twenty bushels
to the acre for fifty cents a bushel, and laid
ii'§"$I;‘G00 besides. I pray you not to in-
dulge in this kind of fraudulent bookkeep-
ing. You can not by it even deceive your-
selves, let alone others. Each farmer cer-
tainly ought to know the net results at the
close of the year. If he falls behind he
must either increase income or cut expen-
ses, or the inevitable stares him in the face.

DEALING WITH OTHER MEN.

Farmers should be business men in their
relations with others. The conditions of all
contracts should be clearly defined. And
in this respect the Grange has contributed
very materially to the peace, harmony, and
welfare of the farmer.

Last summer I met a lawyer of thirty-
five years’ practice in a neighboring county
at a pioneer meeting, and he said good
naturedly, “ You fellows have about half
destroyed our business by inculcating a
principle of arbitration. There is not one
case between farmers where there were ten
twenty years ago.” A high compliment
this to the efforts of the Grange in incul-
eating a spirit of fraternity and inducing
the farmer to conduct his affairs on higher
business principle.

In doing business with merchants and
manufacturers the highest principles of
integrity should be observed. Not ‘only
is this due to those of whom we buy and
sell but it is due to ourselves. And by the
observance of this rule in all business tran-
sactions the farmer will be benefited. He
will be elevated in his own estimation and
in the estimation of those with whom he
comes in contact. His word ought to be
a guarantee of the excellence of the article
he offers for sale. Let him establish this
reputation and his business life will be a
smoother and easier one. Having done
this he should know the market value and
insist upon fair treatment in return. Let
no men talk him into purchasing what he
does not want or cannot afford to buy. Let
him sit down and carefully consider his
financial condition, his needs, and necessi-
ties. Let him confer with his associates
in the Grange when advice is wanted, and
never accept it from the smooth-tongued
peddler of gratuitous advice. The rule is
so general that it may be adopted as a uni-
versal one that the farmer cannot afford
and ought not to invest in patent rights.
Patent right articles we do, and probably
for the present must use, but it would be a
grand thing not only for the farmers, but
for the country, if not another patent was
issued for a decade.

CONTINGENCIES.

In adjusting our business as farmers
much depends upon our soil, our market

facilities, and ‘other things that cannot be
covered by any general rule. Our business
is affected by the elements over which we
have no control. We have to feel our way
in the dark and in a general way should
conduct our business on a diversified plan.
Three weeks ago a distinguished market-
man said to me, “ Potatoes won’t be worth
ten cents a bushel this year.” And now
with the thermometer at a hundred and
no rain for three weeks, it looks on this
18th day of July, at high noon, as if they
might be worth one dollar next fall. This
points to one of the difficulties that con-
fronts us when we undertake to conduct
our business on high business principles.
But in the interest of all we must meet

them as best we can.
Goldwater, Mich.

THE FARMER AND THE OTHER FELLOW.

GEO. AUSTIN BOWEN, MASTER CONNECTICUT
STATE GRANGE.

We all have a reasonably clear idea of
the American farmer. He shows a homo-
geneity in whatever section of our country
he may be located, and whatever may have
been his ancestry. The descendant of the
English Puritan, Scotchman, or Welsh-
man in New England. the Dutchman in
New York, the Quaker or the German in
Pennsylvania, the English Roman Cath-
olic of Maryland, the Delawarian from the
Dutch or Swede, the English cavaliers in
Virginia, the French Huguenot in Caro-
lina or Louisiana, or those of Spanish blood
in Florida, Texas, 01‘ California, have all,
under our American climate, political, so-
cial, and generally broadening and leveling
systems, assumed a remarkably uniform
condition. So that the American farmer
wherever he exists presents a sameness not
only of surroundings butoftliought. Hence
we have in our farmers a pronounced type
of citizenship which is just now attracting
much attention from all sources.

The last clause of your division, 2 (a),
iirthe editorial statement of the belief of
the Grange: “ Farmers mingling with peo-
ple of other occupations” suggests the
“ other fellow.” But we can not define
him, or recognize him as readily as we can
the farmer, for this other fellow is of all
occupations and professions known to civi-
lization; the manufacturer, the merchant,
the politician, the minister, and the lawyer,
with all their associations, and the various
mechanical trades hold him in vast abund-
ance.

SOCIETY IS IMPROVING.

No one will for a moment question
the improvement that would accrue to the
farmer could he more often leave the farm
and mingle with this multitudinous other
fellow, and, so to speak, hand in hand roam
about the World with him; but the question
is how to do it. Chemistry has its laws of
affinity, whereby certain bodies unite in
regular proportions, and all we have to do
is to make the mechanical mixture and
“ presto, change!” the new organization
presents itself. But sociology and chem-
istry are far removed. ‘Vs can not in the
first place make the mechanical mixture
even, that is to distribute the farmer
through the mass of the other fellow, for
time is against us. A farmer’s work is
never finished, but calls for 365 days’ work
in the year, and this too away from the rest
of humanity, isolated on his own farm.
Should he make an effort to leave it, it
would only be to visit another similar to
his own. For frequently he lives in a com-
munity of farmers, and the other fellow is
nowhere in his section.

ISOLATION WITH HARD WORK IS DEGENER-
ATING.

Isolation with hard labor leads to degen-
eration, and a few generations so bred and
reared must inevitably produce such a class
as we see in the “ poor whites” of the south.
Heaven forbid that our agricultural popu-
lation should drift in that direction! How
then shall we divert? Can the farmer de-
velop without this commingling and the
development of thought and ideas that
come thereupon? If left to himself we
must entertain the fear that even if he does
not actually degenerate he will not keep
up with the spirit of the age. And surely
every farmer must be kept 111 line with the
procession. _ _

Want of time is not the only factor that
keeps the farmer from associating more
with other callings. W'ant of funds is
equally as strong a reason. To supply
these two requisites to the farmer is a prob-
lem. Yet they are within his solution——in
the future-—if he will. The development
of machinery will in time give him more
leisure, as it will accomplish in an hour
that which would occupy his hands many
days. Combination, co-operation, such as
exists in other occupations, will in time
bring a larger cash income. Especially if
these combinations direct their power
against unequal legislation, unprincipled
business transactions, and _the aggressive
middleman. Give the farmer leisure and

funds. and my word for it his restless
American spirit Wlll prompt him to mingle
“fight 1113147,” as they would say in the
south, and his native intelligence may be
trusted that he will under those favorable

i)

9

 


 

AUGUST 16, 1894.

conditions “ catch on” to all that the other
fellow can show him.

ANOTHER SIDE.

But there is another side to this problem.
Suppose time and money cannot be secured
till Into the distant future, what must the
present generation do to receive progress-
1on_. How can we break the isolation and
solitude? Old Plato said, “Whosoever is
delighted in solitude is either a wild beast
or a god ;” and Disraeli remarks, “Solitude
IS the nurse of enthusiasm, and enthusi-
asm is the true parent of genius. In all
ages solitude has been called for—-has been
flown to.” It is then for the farmer to re-
fute the beast and emulate the god; to nurse
his enthusiasm, stimulate that innate tend-
ency of his nature to a higher, broader,
and better development which every well
bred man and woman feel they possess,
calling to aid the various sources of educa-
tion,-—the school, the press, the Grange,
the pulpit, and best of all his own thoughts,
aided by the observation that is offered
him. Self development is worth more to
the individual than that forced upon
him by external surroundings, or the opin-
ions of the other fellow. It brings an edu-
cation that tells not alone upon the person,
but also upon his home and his farm. Let
a true American farm home spring up, or
better yet a group of them, and at once the
whole community responds; the isolated
hamlet becomes the center of refinement
and culture, and the farmer finds that in-
stead of going abroad to mingle with those
of other callings, he brings them to his
own door, and the mingling is done at home.
And why should not this be as modern a
system as home mixed chemicals, which we
are told are not only the cheapest, but the
best.

SIGNS OF PROGRESS.

Travel undoubtedly benefits a man, but
all men who live by their own labor must
to a certain extent forego it. But we may
claim that to secure the development that
‘comes from mingling with people of other
occupations, there must be at the same
time a self effort; without this any educa-
tion is comparatively valueless.

From an extensive acquaintance with
the farm homes of our country, I assert
that as a class the occupants are honorable,
intelligent, and progressive. They are to
a certain extent lacking in a confidence in
their own ability, and are equally suspi-
cious of others. The Grange however is
helping to do away with this, as itis slowly
educating them, and self reliance is a pro-
nounced result of education. When the
farmer has taken the first step mentioned
in your platform, that is, has learned to
mingle with those of his own occupation,
and assumed the burdens that agriculture
demands of every intelligent farmer, then,
and not till then, is he ready to meet on an
equality and prove himself the equal of the
other fellow.

Woodstock, Conn.

 

THE NEEDS OF COUNTRY SCHOOLS.

HON. H. R. PATTENGILL, SUPERINTENDENT
OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

Before answering the question, “What
do country schools most need?” we must
a ree on what we have a right to demand
of such schools.

The students in rural schools have sev-
eral advantages over their city cousins.
The close and familiar contact with na-
ture, the knowledge of common things, the
early necessity of performing certain dis-
agreeable duties, the necessity of adapting
one’s self to many circumstances, the lib-
eral supply of fresh air and exercise, the
absence of distracting amusements, the
greater chance of developing individuality
—all these are advantages possessed by
rural pupils, and if proper means are em-
ployed in educating such pupils they should
offset the disadvantages which are attached
to rural life.

WHAT THE RURAL SCHOOLS SHOULD TEACH.

The rural school should teach pupils how
to read and what to read. The ability to
read loses much of its value if a taste for

ood reading has not at the same time been
Sormed.

The rural school should teach the child
how to use good, strong, pure English.
The pupil should be taught and trained in
both written and oral expression.

The rural school should teach the child
to observe more carefully, compare and
judge more accurately the animal, vegeta-
ble, and plant life amidst which he so con-
stantly lives.

The rural school should teach the funda-
mental principles of arithmetic most care-
fully, and the pupil graduating from the
eighth grade in the rural school should be
able to master all of the practical parts of
the written arithmetic.

The rural school should teach the proper
care of the body. The laws of health
should be thoroughly known. So much

anatomy and physiology as are necessary
to the proper understanding of these laws
should be taught.

The rural school should teach the general
principles of our government as embodied
in our constitution, and the details of state,
county, township, and district government.

THE GRANGE -VISITOR.

The rural school should teach the main
points in our country’s history. The lower
grades should be taught it by means of
stories from history, and by committing to
memory patriotic poems. The higher
grades should be taught the cause and effect
of history, the growth of our institutions,
the value of United States citizenship, and
the duties of a true citizen. Combine his-
tory, civil government, and geography.

The rural school should teach the geog-
raphy of the earth as a home for man.
The early lessons on soil, climate, products,
and people, should deal with home affairs,
and then by proper reading lead pupils to
know of other lands. Combine geogra-
phy and history.

The rural school should teach pupils to
sing, and at least give the elementary train-
ing in drawing from nature. Sketching of
leaves, plants, insects, school grounds, etc.

The rural school might well teach, inci-
dentally, the most elementary principles of
geometry; it would aid materially in under-
standing and applying many of the arith-
metical problems.

soME PRACTICAL HINTS.

Now, to bring about these desired ends
of rural schools we need:

1. Teachers of excellent education, tact
in government and teaching, and power to
inspire pupils.

2. We need school officers who are will-
ing to fit themselves to perform the duties
of their ofiice; who will take time to study
educational problems, and exercise intelli-
gent supervision over the schools.

3. We need greater permanency of teach-
ers. Frequent changes of teachers can but
work detriment to the schools. When a
good teacher is secured, she should be kept
year after year, as long as she does good
work. A few dollars more or less per
month should not be a factor in this mat-
ter.

4. We need fewer district quarrels.

5. We need more care in ornamenting
school grounds and school houses.

6. School outbuildings should be more
carefully kept. (Send to the State Super-
intendent for a circular on that topic.)

7. We should have at least county uni-
formity of text books——the best of all plans
in this line is free text books.

8. Rural schools need more careful and
more skilled supervision. The county
school commissioner should be selected
carefully and fired promptly if he does not
do his work well.

9. Every rural school should have a-

working school library. (Send to the State
fSupe)rintendent for a circular on that topic
ree.

10. Country pupils should be more reg-
ular and punctual in attendance. This re-
quires the co-operation of parents‘ and
teachers.

11. The township district would aid ma-
terially in bringing about many of the
before mentioned needs.

This article has doubtles, exceeded the
length contemplated by the editor of the
GRANGE VISITOR, when the invitation was
extended, but the importance of the subject
may be pleaded as an excuse. VVe hope
our people may awake to the necessity of
taking a lively and intelligent interest in
these safeguards of our nation, and co-op-
erate with teachers and officers in making
the ((1ilSl31‘lCl3 school the greatest power for

oo .
Lansing, Mich.

THE DUTIES OF CITIZELYSHIP-

D. W. WORKING, LECTURER AND PAST MASTER
COLORADO STATE GRANGE.

In the big, ill-governed school of the
world, where all are teachers and all are
learners, every man and every woman has
opportunity to get something and to give
something. And getting and giving go
hand in hand. Whenever you get some-
thing you are a debtor; whenever you give,
you cancel part of your debt to those to whom
you owe your opportunities and your pos-
sessions. In a civilized community every
individual is debtor to all who have gone
before him and have contributed to the de-
velopment of the society which makes life
happy and progress possible. He is debtor
also to all the persons and institutions
around him that give him present oppor-
tunities for satisfaction and growth.

With a knowledge of his obligation to all
who have gone before him and to all the
agencies that have helped and continue to
help him, that man is a fool who proudly
wraps his cloak about him and professes to
have no duties to his neighbors. In a civ-
ilized, enlightened society all men are debt-
ors to all men. There is no escape from
the fact that all have duties. The meas-
ure of your duties and mine is the meas-
ure of our opportunities; or, reversing the
statement, the measure of opportunity is
the measure of duty. And be it remem-
bered, ability is part of opportunity.

The intelligent, thoughtful citizen rec-
ognizes these facts: he knows something
of what he can do and something of what
he ought to do; and if he is honest he
tries to use his opportunities and to do his
duty.

HE MUST GET KNOWLEDGE.

“ Knowledge comes.” In our first con-

scious moments we discover that we know
something. VVe know before we realize
that we have knowledge. We are constantly
being taught by our consciousness and our
senses. All our lives long we are reser-
voirs into which streams of facts are poured
through the avenues of sense. It becomes
our duty to know and to increase our ca-
pacity for knowledge. And this is the first
duty of citizenship—to know. What should
the citizen know? Everything, if possi-
ble. This being impossible, he will nat-
urally learn first the facts nearest at hand
and those that most directly concern him-
self and his immediate duties.

Knowing something of his own oppor-
tunities, tendencies, and powers, and hav-
ing a stock of general information, the
business of the citizen is to think. “ Knowl-
edge is power ;” but it is only static power,
or energy in store. Knowledge with
thought is power in motion-—the energy
that compares fact with fact; that weighs
evidence; that searches out the relations of
things; that classifies, arranges, and makes
useful all the information gathered through
centuries of observation. Pure thought is
scientific, without prejudice, seeking to
arrive at conclusions that are true. Truth,
in this sense, is agreement with facts.
Without thought, knowledge is almost use-
less; without knowledge there can be no
basis for thought. Thought is the univer-
sal solvent, separating from the gross ore
the pure gold of usefulness; it is the elixir
of life, making a year of active thinking
as profitable as a generation of in-
action. Thought, with that knowledge
as a basis which comes to every man
who keeps his senses alert, gives an
appreciation of the possibilities and cor-
responding obligations of citizenship; it
fits the man for his last and greatest duty
—-greatest because it brings into active
exercise all of his powers of perception and
reason. The knowing and thinking man
in motion is the working man.

AND THEN WORK.

To acquire knowledge with a definite
purpose is to work; to think is to work;
but there is a sense in which work is more
than gathering information and more than
reflection on facts acquired. To work is
to move something, to do something worth
doing, to be useful to self and others in the
various aifairs of life. “ My Father work-
eth and I work,” said the Great Teacher.
The curse of Adam has become the blessing
of all the children of men. I make ex-
ception of the slavish toil thatis not doing
“ something worth doing.”

Assuming, then, that the citizen has an
intelligent appreciation of his privileges
and a desire to be a worthy member of an
enlightened community, his duties as a cit-
izen may be summed up as follows:

1. To know as much as possible.

2. To think as deeply, as broadly, and as
charitably as he can.

3. To work: to do all possible for his
own advancement and the development and
improvement of all persons and institutions
within the horizon of his life and associa-
tions.

THE PART OF THE GRANGE.

I accept it as a part of the mission of the
Grange “to teach the high duties of citi-
izenship.” The business of the Grange is
to teach men to see, to think, to work; its
existence emphasizes the fact that every
man and every woman who shares in the
privileges of free government should take
a lively interest in all institutions that
work together to make better government,
and happier and more useful and prosper-
ous people—the school, the church, the
Grange; the governments, local, state, and
national, and all the questions of policy
and principle that grow out of the devel-
opment and operation of such institutions.
Of course this involves a careful study of
history, the history of nations, of men, and
of ideas. It means that the citizen must
study government, the history and science
of government. The Grange itself should
be a power working for righteousness, rep-
resenting the best knowledge, the best
thought, and the best work of all its mem-
bers and all its friends and supporters.

IMPORTANT POINTS.

Let me emphasize a point. It is the
duty of the citizen to get his knowledge as
much as possible at first hands. Let him
study governments as they govern. The
town meeting, the school meeting, the
county government, the caucus, and the
convention, these give opportunity for ob-
servation and material for thought. They
give the citizen also a chance to do his
share in shaping legislation.

Let me emphasize another point. The
average citizen finds plenty of men willing
to do his thinking for him, ready at all
times to furnish ready-made opinions. As
a citizen, no man fills the full measure of
his duty who does not do his own thinking,
and who does not form his own opinions
and hold to them till he is shown by good
reasoning on real facts that he is in error:
then, of course, he changes his opinion.
Every citizen worthy the name thinks and
speaks and acts on his own responsibility
and for himself. He is but a slave who
allows another to do his thinking; he is a
man who knows and thinks and speaks for
himself.

The best work and the most helpful work

,5.

5

is that done for others. He who works
only for self works for the meanest of mast-
ers. There is joy and profit in helping
others. Curiously enough, he who works
most unselfishly for the good of others
does most for himself. Selfishness shrivels;
self-forgetfulness promotes growth in the
best directions.

Let me repeat that we are debtors to all
who have given us knowledge or thought
or the products of their labor. As good
citizens we must acknowledge our obliga-
tions to all men and all institutions that
have helped us. And in all this we must
bear in mind the fact that the only way we
can cancel our debt to those who have gone
before is by doing our duty to those
around us and to the generations to follow.
We have received from the past; we owe
the future; and the only way in which we
can deserve respect is by earnestly and
diligently working to make the world our
debtor.

Fort Collins, Colo.

WHAT SHALL THE AGRICULTUR.-\L
COLLEGE TEACH!

Continued from page 1.
last but not least, English composition and
rhetoric.

I consider all of the above as essential to
the farmer who would be more than a mere
laborer.

STUDIES FOB ENJOYMENT.

The second class of studies includes
music, drawing, Latin, French, and German
languages, history, advanced botany,
forestry, advanced chemistry, microscopy,
entomology, physics, literature, etc. I be-
lieve I would make most of this list elective,
with possibly a lecture before the choice is
made, by some one competent to point out
the attractions which each affords.

AGRICULTURE NEEDS LEADERS.

Bear in mind that what agriculture most
needs today is leaders; captains, lieutenants,
and generals who are able to intelligently
direct the great mass of unskilled laborers.
Whether we will or no, the tendency of
agriculture today is in the direction of
specialism. Just as the numerous factories,
which a few years ago dotted our hillsides
and valleys, have become absorbed into the
large manufactory, with each department
under a competent superintendent, so the
future will see our small farms massed
under one management and the former
owners acting as heads of the different de-
partments of dairying, fruit culture, veget-
able raising, marketing, etc. Economy of
management, saving in tools, ease of
marketing, quality of the specialist’s pro-
duct, will sooner or later force us to this
system. The profit to the individual will
be greater, the cost to the consumer will
be less. It is surely coming.

Now then, farmers, send your brightest
boys to these agricultural colleges, tell
them to learn how to do some one thing
better than anybody else, and to supplement
that education with as much as possible of
that other which will enable them to enjoy
both the means and the leisure which the

new agriculture will afford.
Marlboro, Mass.

WASTED MOMENTS AND WHAT MIGHT BE
ACCOMPLISHED.

Continued from page 3.
great scholars of the world have acquired
their education by snatching the spare
moments from their busy lives, and many
of the inventions of the age have originated
in the brain when the hands were off duty
for a brief season. “What might be ac-
complished” has no limits. Its boundaries
are the end of human existence and the
annihilation of time. As long as this world
of ours continues to revolve on its axis,
great events will mark its progress, and the
improved moments of life, not the wasted
ones, will have helped to move the levers
which originated and perfected them.
These wasted moments are the “little
foxes” that eat the vines; they come slyly
in the night time when we are ofi guard,
very like as we fail to watch our waste
moments, and so the “little foxes” take
them, and so cunningly, we are not aware
of the theft until they are gone; then we
cry after them, but only the echo comes
back——gone, gone. Now didn’t I confess
my incompotency at the first, for I have
made no real practical suggestions, so at
the close you will agree with me that your
own time has been wasted as listeners, as
well as mine in the writing——a sad result
of “wasted moments.”
JENNY J ONES.

STATE or OHIO, CITY or: ToLEno,
LUCAS COUNTY.

FRANK J. CHENEY makes oath that he is the
senior partner of the firm of F. J. CHENEY .5: C0,,
doing business in the City of Toledo, County and
State aforesaid. and that said firm will pay the sum
of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each and
every case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by the
the use of HALI.‘s CATARRH CURE.

FRANK J. CHENEY.

Sworn to before me and subscribed in my presence,
this 6th day of December, A. D. ISS6.

/s)./x

ljjgl

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally and acts
directly on the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system. Send for testimonials, free.

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, 0.
@‘Sold by Druggists, 75c.

88.

A. W. GLEASON,
Notary Public.

 


- , .,..-........,.........-........n....-w "‘="'-"*"‘ “ '  - * v -
......,.-. __..... ..- .....«............ ..W......s.......-...~..........................---.......... .. ................~..-..u.-._.-  .

....,-.... .

THE

.

GRANGE VISITOR.

    

AUGUST 16, 1894.

ATRONS'

PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS have sold Ingersoll Paint. to the Order P. of
H. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out-

buildings, 10,000 Farmers testify to

their merits. Grange Halls, Churches, School

Houses, Dwellings, all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still
looking well, prove them the most durable.

AINI‘

MICHIGAN PATRONS “Buy direct from
Factory” at full Wholesale Prices and
save all Midd1emen’s Profits.

O. W. INGERSOLL, Prop.

Oldest Paint House in America
241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn

ORKS

Ingersoll’s Liquid Rubber Paints
Indestructible Cottage and Barn Paints

Sample Color Cards, “Confitlential” Grange
Discounts, Estimates and full particulars
MAILED FREE. \Vr1te at once.

MICHIGAN STUCK BREEDEHS.

All those who wish to purchase pure-
bred stock of any description, will find
it to their advantage to correspond
with some of the following well-
known breeders.

H. H. HINDS

Stanton, Montcalm Co
Breeder of
Shorthorn Cattle
American Merino
and Shropshire Sheep

  
  

 ,A. II. \VARR-EN
'= Ovid, Mien.

Breeder of IMPROVED

*(‘llESTEll ll'lllTE SWINE

And Lincoln Sheep. A choice lot of stock
for sale at farmers‘ prices. Breeding stock all

recorded. Reduced prices on full Pigs. Write, .

or come and look me over.

If you \Vant First-(‘lass

MERINO SHEEP

OR
WHITE BRONZE TURKEYS
bred fmin prize winners, of the Dlirk Bronze, lit the
Indiunli liml .\Iicliig:i:i Stutc Fairs, also ilt the Tri-
Stlitc Fair 1111 Toledo, you czin get them of
C. 31. FELLO“ S. Saline, l\Ii(:li.

Hillsdalc County Herd
Polannl China. Swinc..<s\

Choice stock for sale at reasonable
prices, and Guaranteed as Represented.

J.\'0. BOWDITCH,
Hillsilale. Micli.

G. BYRON STONE

Olivct, l\Ii(-11.,

 

Specialist in czistrziting colts vsithout use of ropes,
cords, clumps, or tire irons. \\ ritc for clrculllr.

    

‘ { ‘ll I .

To buy a buggy that looks good for a few
weeks, then begins to shed its aint.
When you buy a DEAL BUGG you
can count on durable lll’llSl1 and permanent
paint. Paint used on ’em is the best, and
put by a process which insures perma-
nency of color and finish.

J. J. DEAL &. SON,
Jonesville, Mich.

The Peoples’ Savings Bank

OF LANSING M|CH|GAN.
CAPITAL, 150,000.00.

MEAD BLOCK, LANSINC.
°"“-E5-l FRANKLIN ST., NORTHILANSING.

OFFICERS.
W. J. HEAL, President,
A. A. WILBUB, Vice President.
0. H. Osman, Cashier.

We transact a general banking business. In
our savings department we receive deposits of
one dollar or over and pay interest thereon if left
three months or longer at 4 per cent.

In our commercial department we receive ac-
counts of merchants and business men. We issue
interest bearing certificates of deposit. If you
have any banking business come and see us.

State Normal School
YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.

The only institution supported by the State for
the exclusive preparation of teachers. Tuition free,

Rooms and Boarding in private families $3.00 to
$4.00 per week. Furnished rooms and club board-
in at $2.00 to $3.00 per week.

The school has .1 faculty of thirty, :1 practice
school of eight grades and 300 pupils, a well-
equipped Kindergarten, and large Libraries and
Laboratories.

Full courses lead to teachers’ life certificates;
shorter courses to temporary certificates.

School Opens Sept. 11, 1894.

Semi for czltaloimr

RICHARD G. BOONE,
Ypsilanti, Mich.

From anti-trust manufacturers ‘ direct. AT
WHOLESALE PRICES. Machine Oils 20 to 25c
gallon; C linder Oils 25¢: to 35¢ per gallon;
gglivered. S lt?..Ie(()iTL'¥v HIGHu§}BAl;E.
fmf . e are e on y -
FA()lI‘IJlIEBS of Oils in Michigan.
DETROIT OIL CO., Detroit, Mich.

WHAT HAS THE GRANGE DONE FOR
' AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES?

DR. W. J. BEAL.

For many years past I have gen-
erally 'attended meetings of our
; State Grange, at least for a portion
’of each session. I have just been
turning over the reports from the
first one in 1874 down to the last
‘in 1893.

Without exception, so far as I
have discovered, there is no inti-
mation from any one to the effect
that the Agricultural College should
be abandoned, or its usefulness di-
minished. On the contrary, the
reports are replete with encoura-
,cring suggestions, and numerous
 additions are proposed.

5 The State Grange has been

; particularly fortunate in the selec-
étion of men for master. S. F.
?Brown, the first master, served
l two years, and was chiefly occupied
l, with making plans for Grange work
5,and its extension. Following
l,Brother Brown came J’. J. ‘Vood-
lman for six years, C. G. Luce for
;seven years, Thomas Mars for
,five years and then George B.
tHorton, the present eflicient mas-
‘ter.

2 To name the lecturers of the
;State Grange who have especially

l

ilege would be to name nearly or
lquite all of them. The same is
l true of the chairmen of the execu-
jtive committee, most chairmen of
 committees for education and good
;of the Order.

, This is the more remarkable,
gsince, especially in early days of
‘the Grange, it was rather common
to see adverse criticism of the
college in state and local newspa-
pers, end in the halls of the state
legislature. Even within the mem-
ory of some who are still young in
the Order, there have appeared
wholesale denunciations from a few
farmers’ clubs, and at least one
agricultural paper has exhibited
some ripples of dissatisfaction.

So far as I can learn no Grange
of the state has passed resolutions
demanding the extinction of the
college or any measures which
; would injure its usefulness.

} There are honest differences of

fopinion as to what the college
should accomplish. Some mild
criticisms have been offered by
oflicers of the State Grange; but
-. in every instance earnest words of
encouragement were uttered.

Let me notice a few points as
they occur in reports of the State
Grange. I cannot name them all
and some of the best may have
~ escaped my attention.

In 1876 Worthy Master Wood-
man in his annual address said:

“ Michigan led the van in estab-
lishing a college for the higher
education of farmers’ sons. This
was a new departure, a step in ad-
jvance of the age, and met with
fopposition, laughter and derision.
3 For years it was opposed by some
gof the best educators of the state,
i who lent their influence to destroy
git. * * * It is the farmers’ in-
l, stitution, and it becomes our duty
ito look after its Welfare.” The
:last sentence is just in accordance
I with the acts of Brother Woodman
.when speaker of the house of

representatives. In many ways he
‘defended the college, saying in
substance, “It is now weak and
defective; we must not abandon it,
but keep striving to make it bet-
,ter.” In 1878 he says: “I need
make no apology for referring to
the State Agricultural College.
Whatever tends to promote the
welfare of farmers cannot be with-
out interest to the Grange. We
are thankful for the farmers’ insti-
tutes which the college has inaug-
urated, for they have shown that the
work of the professors has been in
the direct line of agriculture.
Some of the old expectations *
* * were unreasonable from the
first. Why may we not see at the
college, in no distant future, a vet-
erinary establishment? * * *
And why should we not see there
at the college a. department for
young ladies? We should hope to
see an ample dairy connected with

the institution, meanwhile we can

:encouraged the Agricultural Col-.

college, and help it to a larger
,success.”

lVhat could be more encourag-
ing to the friends of the college?
Five years before a professor of
veterinary science was elected, the
plan was advocated by the Master
of the State Grange, and fifteen
years before the first winter school
for dairymen at the college, it was
proposed by the same person, and
how many years yet before special
provision shall be made for women
we do not know. It has been
earnestly urged by the State
Grange for a long time.

Worthy Master W'oodman in his
l address in 1880 says: “The State
Agricultural College is our institu-
tion, established to meet the re-
quirements of a progressive agri-
culture. The State Grange, as well
as many of the subordinate
Granges, have taken a deep inter-
est in it from the first. Many
graduates and students of the
college are active members of our
organization in this state.

“It is most gratifying to know
that at least one-half the graduates
of the college engage in farming
as their chosen avocation. * * *
The college is indeed having a
healthy and steady growth, and
is well worthy the support we give
it‘)?

l Worthy Master Luce in 1881, in

his first address before the State
Grange says: “We must never
forget that, in the language of an-
other, the crowning glory of all,
our work as an order is to ‘educate l
and elevafc the American farmer.’ E
This is our right, nay more, it is
our imperative duty. * * * Ed-
ucation is the corner-stone, it is
the key to success. For some
years the Agricultural College and
the Grange have been maintaining
harmonious relations towards each
other. We have each been labor-
ing in our respective spheres for
one common object.-~“”-* ”‘ These
educated young men are exerting
an influence for good in their vari-
ous localities.

“For long years it has seemed
to me that -our greatest need in
this line of education was an ex-
perimental farm, where experi-
ments should be made for the ben-
efit of all the fafmers in the land.
The experimental farms we must
have.” Then follows an earnest
appeal for employing skilled fore-
men and the admission of women.
Through the efforts of the Grange
and others, the United States
government gave money to each
Agricultural College for conduct-
ing experiments.

In his address in 1882, similar
views are expressed. In 1883 he
expresses satisfaction that the
Michigan Agricultural College
stands at the head, or at least
abreast of the foremost, and urges
further improvements. In 1884
the same sentiments are expressed;
“Do we as farmers hunger and
thirst after knowledge as we ought?
More and more as the years come
and go, more and more as our
acquaintance is extended with the
students of the college, do we prize
its usefulness. A Grange is for-
tunate indeed when it can enlist
one of these in the work. The
college is using its power to elevate
agriculture. It deserves well of
the farmers of the state. It should
be patronized and encouraged to
the fullest extent. In justice to
ourselves and to our college we
must rally around and sustain it.
We cannot afford to do less than
this. It is our college. We must
care for our own.”

In 1885 he says: “Education
furnishes the anchor for all of our
hopes. We must educate, educate,
EDUCATE. * * * The tendency
of the times is toward industrial
education. Our order is in line
and abreast of this growing senti-
ment * * * Experiments are being
made at the college and the law
provides for the publication of the
results.”

Space will not permit further
quotations of similar import from
addresses of Worthy Masters Mars
and Horton.

In 1879, Brothers F. M. Hollo-

all rejoice in the prosperity of the 

way, as chairman of a committee of

the State Grange on the Agricult- l
ural College to visit and report,
said so much that is apt for this‘,
article that it is diflicult to make
selections. “We can now safely
say that a bond of sympathy has
been established between the col-
lege and the live, progressive farm-
ers of the state. There is a feeling
that they occupy a common plat-
form—are laboring in a common
cause.”

For many years past the editors
and correspondents of the VISITOR
have done yeomens’ service for the
Agricultural College. The paper
has aided in the support of the
college by encouraging appropria-
tions of money and in inducing
students to attend.

So far as I can remember, mem- '
bers of the Order who have occu-
pied seats in our state legislature,
have very uniformly stood by the
Agricultural College.

Masters, lecturers and commit-
tees of the National Grange have
been imbued with the same spirit
as noticed at length above con-
cerning agricultural colleges of
all the states. They have favored ,
a liberal support of money and
generous patronage by farmers’;
sons.

I quote from Brother VVhiteliead,
the Worthy Lecturer of the Na-
tional Grange in 1879: “On read-
ing the printed proceedings of
various State Granges during the
past year, including the annual
messages of the masters, as they
come to me, I was more than
pleased to note that, almost with-
out exception, more attention and
prominence was given to the ques-
tion of education than ever before.
Agricultural colleges, experimental
farms and stations, together with a
higher and broader education for
farmers’ children, occupy more
than the usual time and space in
reports and discussions. I can see
that these good influences have
spread abroad and Widely prevail.”

In looking over the work of the
Grange in the past, any unpreju-
diced mind must be surprised at
the great influence exerted by
their continuous efforts to carry
certain specific measures. Their
success has been most marked, first
because their requests were just
and reasonable; second, because
the requests were followed by.
judicious hard work. I have shown
that in numerous instances the
Grange has benefited agricultural
colleges. By numerous quotations
I have shown that the leading
officers of State and National
Grange were earnestly in favor of
supporting agricultural colleges.
Numerous examples might be given
of hard work of committees with
a view to securing legislation for
the college. N0 history of any
agricultural college will be com-
plete without giving great credit
for support to the Grange.

Agricultural College, Mich.

 

POSTMAS'l‘ER’S OPINION.

Monmouth 00., July 23, 1894.
MR. 0. W. INGERSOLL:

DEAR S1R——During my connection with
the National Grange P. of H., I had op-
portunity to inquire of members of the
Order from all sections of the country, in
regard to the merits of your Paints, and
withoutasingle oxception, all who used
them spoke of them with much praise pre-
ferring them to any other Ready Mixed
Paint on the market.

I shall use it whenever occasion offers,
and recommend it to all in search of a good
reliable paint.

Yours truly,
J. STATESIR, P. M.

[See Adv. Ingersoll’s Liquid Rubber
Paints.-—ED.|

THE STRIKE DISCUSSED.

The chief topic of editorial discussion in
the Review of Reviews for August is the
recent railroad strike. The motives of the
dispute are candidly considered, and the
conclusion is reached that the leaders of
the American Railway Union have done
great harm to the cause of organized labor,
besides inflicting untold injury on an inno-
cent public. At the same time the opinion
is advanced that arbitration would have
been greatly to the advantage, as well as
credit, of the Pullman Company.

The Grange does not confine its labors
to four square walls, but invites to public
gatherings where practical lessons may be
enforced. Thus it becomes a promoter of
good to all the community.—Maine
Farmer.

A No. 1 FARM
HARNESS

,‘ Made offirst-class stock and‘
. warrantevl. and all Hond-
Ilnde. We retail all our
Harness at wholesale pricu
and ship anywhere on up‘
proval and guarantee satis
faction.
Write for Catalogue.

HAND MADE HARNESSGN
srmrou, MICH.

 

JUALITY. "

What is this

anyhow

It is the only bow (ring) which
cannot be pulled from the watch.

To be had only with ]as. Boss
Filled and other watch cases  
stamped with this trade mark.

A postal will bring you a watch case opener.

Keystonewatch Case Co.,
PHILADELPHIA.

Founded 1886. Incorporated 1892.

BENTON HARBUR EULLEGE it NUHMAL

BENTON HARBOR. MICH.
NINTH YEAR OPENS SE1"l‘. 10, 1894.
NINE COURSES or STUDY.

Classical. Scientific, Music, Commercial, Elocu- 4

tion, Art, Normal, Kindergarten, Preparatory.

SPECIAL Sixteegllextperienced teachers, all
. ~ ~ spam is s.

FIEATLRES Fine collection of Physical and
illlll V .‘ Chemical apparatus.
llDl.l;\T.l(iEt.

Gydnnastics, Calisthenics, Voice

Apparatus making and Experimentation for‘
Teachers and others.
Full instruction in Reporting and Typewriting.
School of Music one of the best in the State.
Diplomas honored by Michigan University,
Wellesley. Northwestern, Cornell in all courses.
Delightful Location. Lake Side Summer Re-
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ticulars address

GEO. J. EllGt'l.'lllBE, 1. ll., Pll. l}., Principal].

GRAND RAPIDS & INDIANA R. ll.

IN EFFECT JUNE 2-1, 189-}.
GOING N—0uTiI.

 

1 No.5 No.7 No.3; No.9
l P. )1. A. M. P. M. <
Chicago _______ __ 11 30 6 50 3 30 l __________ __
P. M. P. M. l
Detroit ........ -. 8 -15 7 20 4 35  ____ _,
P. M. A. M.
Cincinnati _____ __ 8 30 ____ _. 8 05
Richmond ..... .. 11 25 .... __ ll 00
A.)I. A. M. P. M.
Fort Wayne ___-_ 2 05 8 O5, 2 55
Stnrgis _________ _. 4 15 10 21 ‘ 5 17
, ' P.M.
halaniazoo .... .. 5 30 12 10 7 20
Grand Rapids,Ar 6 55 2 00 9 15
Grand Rapids,Lv 8 00 4 45 10 25 -
Howard City___. 9 04 5 50 11 45
A.'.![.
Big Rapids .... .. 9 40 7 00 12 35
Reed City ...... -. 10 10 7‘55 1 05
Cadillac _______ .- ll 05 9 10 2 25
P. M.
_Traverse City____ 12 45 10 ~15
Petoskey.....___. 1 -10 ____ ._
Mackinaw City.. 3 00 ____ __

 

No. 3 has sleeping car, Grand Rapids to Mack-
inaw City. and sleeping car Chicago to Petoskey
and Mackinaw City.

_No. 5 has sleeping car Cincinnati to Mackinaw
City. Parlor car Grand Rapids to Mackinaw City.

GOING SOUTH.

   

N0. 6N0. 4 N0. 8 * No.10
A. M. P. M A. M. P. M.
Mackinaw City_. 8 30 3 .... _. 9 15 ____ ,_
Petoskey ...___.. 12 25 4 1 ..... _. 10 35 _.._
TraverseCity_. . 10 40 6 05 ‘ 6 00 A. M. ____ __
Cadillac _____ __Ar ________________ __ 2 15
P. M.
Cadillac ____ -_Lv 1 25 8 00 7 35 2 25
Reed City ...... __ 2 35 8 50 8 45 3 35
Big Ra ids ____ __ 8 05 9 17 9 20 4 05
Howar City._ 8 50 9 55 10 20 4 55
Grand Rapids,Ar 5 15 11 00 11 40 6 15
P. M. A. M.
Grand Rapids,Lv 5 40 11 40 2 30 7 00
Kalamazoo ..... __ 7 45 1 35 4 25 8 45
Sturgis ........ ._ 9 10 ____ .. 5 48 9 56
Fort Wayne ._Ar 11 25 A. M. 7 45 12 15
Fort Wayne ..Lv 11 45 5 45 P. M. 12 85 ____ __
Richmond _____ .. 3 20 9 15 ____ _. 3 45 ____ __
Cincinnati _____ __ 6 55 12 01 ____ __ 6 30 ____ __
_ A. M. A. M. P. M. P. M.
Chicago ............ _. 7 10 9 00 2 00 ____ __
P.M.
Detroit ________ ._ 10 35 7 10

_d* Sunday nights Mackinaw City to Grand Rap-
: s o .

t_o. Zyhas parlor our Grand Rapids to Cincin-
na 1.

No. 4 has sleeping car Mackinaw City. Petoskey
and Grand Ra ids to Chicago. via Kalamazoo
and Michigan Central R. R.. arriving in Chicago-
iliita 7 :13 a. in. Parlor car Mackinaw (.ity to Grand

i s.
o. 6 has parlor car Mackina Cit t G d
Rapids. Sleeping car nackinawwcityyco°ci;f.',’i'},-

nati.
No. 8 has buffet parlor car Grand Ra 'dg'¢,0.
Chicago via Kalamazoo, arriving in Chiltllago at

9 .m.

‘Sunday night train fi-pm Mackinaw City has
slee ins car from Mackinaw City and Peboekey
to (Iiand Rapids.

C. L. LOCKWOOD. Gen. Pass. Agt.

CARPENTER OBGANS

are strictly High-Grade Instrum

sold at Low PRICES, quality oo°ii§i&e:.5:.ii,
for Cash or _Imtallmentc. and delivered at
your boI_ne.fre1zht paid. Send tor catalogue of
new deal 5 to

E. . CARPENTER COMPANY,
lgvomtg °f1(i§§= Bff,AT1'§LEB0Rl§). v'r., U. s. A.
es rn ca: . oward ootg, 207

Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. “d 3°’

*.

‘ii

'.

 

 


ls

AUGUST 16, 1894.

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

7

OFFICIAL Dim-zcronvl

Oflcers National Grange.

MAs'rsa—J. H. BBIGHAM ________ __Delta, Ohio
'0vsnsun—E. W. DAVIS .... ..Sants Rosa. Cal. 1
LEC’l'UBEB—ALPHA MESSER.--.Rochpstei-, Vt. l
‘STEWARD—M. B. HUNT  ,.___Maine
Ass"r S'.l.'EWAR.D—A. M. BELCHER Rhode Island
CH.API.AIN—S. L. WILSO-N___. .. .___Mississippi
TauAsunun——-Mas. F. M. MCDOWELL..__N. Y.
‘8l'.ORl:’!'_ABY—JOHN TRIMBLE Washington, D.C_
GATE huni>ia:n—W. E. HABBAIJGH. ....Missouri
Cn'.BEs—MRS. M. S. RHO E .... _.Pennsylvania
PoMoNA—MRS. MARY REARDON ..... ..Kansas
FI.0BA—MRS. ANNIE L. BULL ____ ..Minnesota
LAD; Ass"r S'rii:w'D—MRS. AMANDA HORTON
Michigan.

Executive Committee.

LEONARD RHONE_Center Hall. Pennsylvania
8. R. HUTCHINSON____._.. .___ _ _ ..___.\.irg.inia
J. J. WOODMAN Paw Paw, Michigan

‘.Oficers Michigan State Grange.

MASTEB—G. B. HORTON ......... ..Fmit Ridge
-Ovicasiu:a—M. T. COLE . .Pal_In5'ra
LEOTUBEB--A. J. ..Yps11an_tl
Srii:wAni>—A. P. GRAY ............... ..Archie
Ass"r S'1‘EWABD—-J. H. MARTIN, Box 442,
D1
'CE.APLAIN—hIARY A. MAYO ____ __Battle Creek
TBEAsUREB—E. A._ STRONG ________ __Vickeburg
Snos.ic'rAav—JENN1E BUELL Ann Arbor
GATE KEEPEB—GEO. L. CABLISLE._Kalkaska
Csans—MARY C. ALLIB Adrian
FI.onA—MRS. SARAH A. ST. CLAIR._Butteri_iut
POMONA-MRS. A. A. LEIGHTON_ _ .Old Mission
L. A. S'rii:w'I>——MB.S. J .H. MARTIN Grand Rapids

Executive Committee.

  

  
 
  

J. G. RAMSDELL. Chi: ......... ..Traverse_ 0115::
D. PLATT . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,-Yi>s1lan
THOS. MARS _ _Berrien Center
W. E. WRIGHT .... ..Coldwatei'
PERRY MAYO_. _-Battle Creek
3. H. TAYLOR. ........ --Shelby
F, ________________ __Maple Rapids

-G_ _ - _.._Fi'uit Ridge
JENNIE BUELL, l E‘ °*fi°‘° l--..Ann Arbor

Committee on Woman’s Work in the
Grange.

Mrs. Mary A. Mayo _____..._.
Mrs. Mary Sherwood Hinds
Mrs. Belle Royce _________ _.

General Deputy Lecturers.

Battle Creek

 

_ . . . Stanton

 

 
 
  

MARy A_ Msyo __________________ __Battle Creek
noN. J. J. WOODMAN .............. -.Paw Paw
noN. c. G. LU ‘E .................. .. Goldwater
HON. PERRY MAYO ....Battle Creek
HON. THOS Berrien Center
JASON WOODMAN . ---.Paw Piiw
A. 1). BANK _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . --Lansins
c, L. WHITNEY .................. ..Muskegon
County Deputies.

D_ H_ Stebbn-jg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ «Atwood, Antrim C".
C. V. .\‘ash _________ ..B1oomingdfi1e» x\11*=gfi_n “

R_ B_ Reynokls ______________ __Inliind, Benzie “

Geo . Bo\vser_ _._

  
   
  
 
 
   
  

_Dow1ing. Barry “
ion City, Brzinc 1 “
Buchaniin, Berrien
___St. johns, Clinton “
_Battle Creek, Calhoun “

u

n

J. \V. Ennert__.-
.Mary A. Mayo__ _ ,
yvm_ C13,-k _________ __Ch:u'le\'0lX, Ch:1rlevoix
E. B. \V‘ard_____ .Chnrlevoix, Clizirlcvoix “
Ab,-am Mule,-_ _____Dow:igizic, Cass “
Euton Rzipids, Eaton “
____ “Alma, Gmtiot “
______ "Flushing, Genesee “
d___,Olil l\'Iission, Grand Traverse “
M“ E D, Noke5_____\\'he:itl:ind, Hillsd-ale “
R A_ Bmwn__, Sand Beach, Huron “
DI H. English__ ____Cli:indler, Ionia ‘-
F. \V. Havens__ Fitchburg, Ingham 
J. A. Courtright_ _Duck Lake. .l3ClE50“
Robert Docke,-y ____________ "Rockford, I\ent "
James Greasen__,__ ,Kalkaska; Kfilka-Ska “
Hiram Bradsha\v_. North Branch, Lapeer “
Fred Dean____ Brighton. I-l"i“z‘§5t°“ “
E_ \‘f_ A1115" __Adrian, Lenawee “
Geo. H. Leste --.CTY5l’-31. Momcalm “
D. R, Van Amberg____.Bear Lake, Manistee '
Jessie E. V\ illiams,__ ,Big Rapids, Mecosta "
. S. La\vson___ _D1SCO, Macomb

   
 
 

  
  
   
 

     

  
  
  
 

'ill G. Parish. _Flat Roclkf Monroe 
T. F. Rodgers, Raveuna, pskegon
W. w. Carter- _.A§h‘5=ind._l\e‘\'ays° ‘f
A. J. Crosby ........... -. ‘i siiaxiti. Oakland ‘
Robert Alward_ _I-In sonville, Ottawa “
R H. Taylor _-__Shelbv, Oceana "
D Murlin ,_ ’ernon, Shia\\'assee :‘
A \V. Canfiel ____HartsuE, St. Clair ‘

\V'm. B. Langley__ __Centerville, St. Joseph “
Robert Treby __________ --Bl|”Ch Run. Siigfllaw

' ,_-_Carsonville, Sanilzic
Lawrence, Van Buren
_ _ ____Plymouth, Wayne
john A. McDouga Ypsilzinti, \V ashtenmv “
R_ c_ Non-is ____________ __Ca.dlll11C, \\ exford

  
 

Revised List of Grange Supplies
Kept in the oflice of Sec’y of the

Michigan State Grange

d t t t» 'd eceipt of Cash Order,
A1(1J7BsI‘e1t:lJeolS19&lI(:.\Bf aptSlub(())!fd1inate Grange, and the

signature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain ballot marbles, per hundred. ____ ._$0 75
§':ccl‘8i.&l'Y’B ladglifé -------------------------- -- 
t,ai'y’s reco .......................... --
Tre?surer's orders, bound, per hundred ____ ._ 35
Secretai'y’s receipts for dues. per hundred... 35
Treasurefs receipts for dues, per hundred...
A plications for membership, per hundred.-

ithdrawal cards. per dozen .............. --
Dimits, in envelo es, per dozen.‘ ........ _..__.
By-Laws of the tate Grange, single copies,

10c; per dozen .......... -,-- --, -------- --.---
“ Glad Echoes," with music, single copies,

25c ; per dozen ............................ --
Grange Melodies, single copy, 40¢: per dozen
Opening Son Card, 2c each; 75_c per 00; 100..
Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees).
D256 each - per dozen ...... -, --------------- --
Bituals, 5th degi-ee,_set of nine.
Rituals, J uvengle, single copy- ..
Rituals, J uve_nile, per set ...... ..
Notice to delinquent members. per 100.. ,
American Manual of Parliamentary Law___-
D‘ est of Laws and Rulings .......... -- -
Bo books .............. --,-----. ----- --
Sample package co-operative literatu
Kelley's History of the Grange ....... — - --

Write for rices on gold pins badges, working
tools, stafi nxiountings, seals, ballot boxes and any
other granse supplies.

Address MISS JENNIE BUELL.

ANN Anson. Mien.

THE NEW HEGUIATIUN BADGE

Adopted by the National Grange Nov. 24,
1898, is manufactured by
THE WHITEHEAD & HOAG C0.’
Newark, N. J.,

U d tract with the Executive Committee
of“ Tflra cNlitional Grange. Sample 50“ 170 3115’
Secretary under seal 0 Grange. free of charge.
Write for catalogue.

 
Farms in Isabella County

AVERAGE Asocr SEVENTY ACRES EACH.

Beautiful homes, large barns. fruitful orchards,
neat country school houses and churches, thriv-
ing villages and a handsome city, prove the

rosperitv of the people. The schools and col-
eges of Mt. Pleasant are excellent. Oats, clover,
sheep, potatoes and fruits for general farming‘
corn, hay and rich pastures for dairying an
stock raising, have made many farmers \vel_l ofi;
others are rospering, and so can you. IJnim-
proved lan s, valuable timber lands, pzirtl im-
proved farms, and farms hi lily improve ,_and
choice city property for sale or really low prices.

For samp es of descriptions of such pro erty
as you ma desire and feel able to buy, pqease
address C OK’S REAL ESTATE AGE. CY,

t easant, Mich.
M IRE YOU OPPOSED T0 TRUSTS?
Will you Back those that Fight them?

Every Farmer says Y cs.
Then buy your

Hannws and Eullivaluisl

th t has t th usands of
°' "‘° ’“““‘?i‘.?i°i§.‘.‘.§°§gi.?in. .o§l°§i’§.... °

I‘ F-|I\'J D-‘ICDCB
BlE5S’i'S"c3%58§- 388 G GGSES3

  
 
  
 

  
 

THE WIIIPPLE HARROW C0.,
81:. Johns, Mich.

THE PIVOTAL POINT.

Nine-Tentlis of Human Ails Hinge. on
Poor Digestion.

The stomach distributes either health
giving properties to the various nerves and
blood vessels or it scatters poisonous acids.
It all depends upon its condition. If the
digestion is poor the life-giving food force
is lost and the blood becomes vitiated, often
setting up gout, rheumatism, bronchitis,
consumption, and various other diseases.

VVhen the stomach refuses to perform its
nstural work nature needs help and needs
it quick. Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tablets di-
gests the food in the‘ stomach thereby giv-
ing the organs of the stomach a chance to
rest. This remedy helps assimilation and
aids in distributing nutrition to the various
parts of the entire system. It is not an ex-
periment, but a. scientific remedy, positive
and speedy. Most all druggists keep i
because their customers have learned of its
merits by experience.

LAW ABIDING CITIZENS.

HON. F. W. REDFERN, MEMBER EXEC-
UTIVE COMMITTEE, MICHIGAN
STATE GRANGE.

I have just been reading in the
VISITOR, and under the heading of
“Our Work ” find the following
declaration in which the State
Grange says it believes: Article
4, (b) “ In demanding the en-
forcement of existing statutes.”

I am glad that such a. respecta-
ble body of people as composes the
Michigan State Grange has in this
emphatic manner set its face in
this direction. The enforcement
of law is of the greatest import-
ance and the speedy enforcement
of it is the greatest bar to the com-
mission of crime. An eminent jur-
ist recently said “that the delays
of the law were responsible for a.
large per cent of the crimes com-
mitted.” So that it is not only the
enforcement of existing statutes
but in the opinion of able men their
speedy enforcement that consti-
tutes the safeguard of the law
abiding citizen.

To accomplish this end then I
take for granted is our aim. What
are the agencies to be employed in
working this desirable change?

PRESENT METHODS.

Everyone is acquainted with the
methods now in vogue. Everyone
knows that when a most shocking
crime is committed and the per-
petrator arrested, that the first
effort of counsel for the defense is
to gaintime; to let the severity of
the shock to the public nerve die
away; to allow the sympathy for
the victim to expend its force and a
reaction of sickly sentimentality
for the accused to take its place.

If public sentiment is so out-
raged that speedy trial and pun-
ishment is demanded, change of
venue is asked for and frequently
granted, in order that as is assert-
ed, the accused may have a fair trial.
And when every expedient to gain
time is exhausted, when the suffer-
ing public is sick and weary with
the delay, when as is too often the
case the accused has been lion-
ized and his victim almost forgot-
ten, the defense at last announces
itself ready for trial. Then every
intelligent man who has read of
the atrocity and expressed an opin-
ion unfavorable to the accused is
excused from sitting on the jury.
During the trial justice is supposed
to sit with bandaged eyes hold-
ing the balances in which are to
be deposited the proofs of the guilt
or innocence of the accused. She
sees nothing of the attorney who
has been employed, not to assist
her in coming to a righteous judg-
ment, but for his professed ability
to clear criminals. Instead of get-
ting the truth, the whole truth,
and nothing but the truth, the
most strenuous efforts are made
to bar out, cover up, or discredit
the truth.

Is it any wonder justice feels
outraged? Any wonder Judge
Lynch holds court, and law abid-
ing citizens cry out for very shame?

CRIMINAL SPECIALISTS.

It is common knowledge that in
every city are to be found attor-
neys who not only lend or hire
themselves to defeat the ends of
the law, but attorneys claiming to
be gentlemen, claiming to be law
abiding citizens, and yet who adver-
tise “ Criminal cases a. specialty,”
and who actually pride themselves
on their ability to clear those
accused of crime.

The law of the land guarantees
to everyone a fair trial by a jury
of their peers. This is eminently
proper, but public sentiment ought
to be of such a character as to com-
mand an effort to secure justice
and to be sufficiently strong to en-
force the command. Better were

it not to have a law,than to have
one and not enforce it, for that
creates a disrespect for all law.

Not many years since a brutal
murder was committed on a ferry
boat plying between Detroit and
Windsor. The perpetrator was
speedily arrested. The effort of
his counsel was not directed toward
proving the innocence of the ac-
cused, but every effort was made
to prove that the crime was com-
mitted on the Americcm side of
the boundary line. In other words
a trial in Michigan meant the ex-
haustion of every subterfuge to
secure delay, and if conviction fol-
lowed a. tardy trial the worst was
only life imprisonment in Jack-
son with the hope held by every
criminal of ultimate pardon.

On the other or Canadian side
of the river, jurisdiction over the
case meant a speedy trial, followed
by a prompt execution of the sent-
ence, and the hangman’s noose had
a terror for the evil doer not pos-
sessed by any amount of imprison-
ment.

HAVE WE A REMEDY?

The object of law is to pro-
tect the citizen in the possession of
his property and to guard his per-
son from harm. It is supposed to
be founded on common sense, and
common sense would seem to say
that if an individual cannot vio-
late a natural law without paying
a penalty that is inevitable, neither
ought an individual be permitted
to violate a civil law without an
equal assurance of prompt punish-
ment.

The alarming increase of crime,
and of crime of a most serious char-
acter, demands then the propaga-
tion of just such sentiment as is
put forth in the expressed belief
of our State Grange.

It calls for an effort on the part
of all good people to insist on the
speedy execution of existing law,
and to frown down that class of
attorneys who help to make crime
not only possible but in a. certain
sense profitable.

The consciences of this class of
attorneys need the stimulus of

public opinion to bring them to a
realizing sense of the fact that in
their effort to clear the guilty they
become “ Particeps Cri*mim's,” and
ought to”sli'5.‘r‘€‘iii the penalty for
the crime. Give the accused a. fair
trial by all means, but also give
society the protection to which it
is justly entitled.

Let us then be not only a. law
abiding but a law enforcing peo-
ple. Let the law become what it
was meant to be, ‘i A terror to evil
doors,” and then “American jus-
tice” will cease to be a by-word and
reproach.

Maple Rapids, Mich.

WHY A READING COURSE FOR

FARMERS!

J. WESTON HUTCHINS, CHAIRMAN
EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE, MICH-
IGAN STATE GRANGE.

One need no longer argue that
the farmer should be intelligent.
That he should have sufficient cult-
ure and general knowledge as to be
able to meet and mingle with men
of the professions on terms of
perfect equality may not be dis-
puted. But the same appliance-s—
books, magazines, papers, reading
courses, literary or scientific, wise
or otherwise~a.re open to him that
are to others. Then why a read-
ing course especially designed for
farmers?

The application of science to the
practical affairs of life has been a
remarkable feature of the past half
century. Theory has been sub-
jected to the test of experience,
error eliminated, science made
to yield its maximum of results
in lessening human toil or increas-
ing man’s power over the forces of
nature. In no department of hu-
man effort has this progress been
more fruitful of results than in eg-
riculture.

The researches of Liebig, Wolff
and other scientists, the experi-
ments of Lawes and Gilbert, and
the investigations of the many
workers along these lines in our
own country have resulted in what
may be justly termed the science
of agriculture.

The experiment stations in vari-
ous parts of the country are sub-
jecting the theories of the scientist
to practical test, and placing with-
in reach of all who appreciate
their value the latest discoveries
and most approved methods in
every department of agriculture.

A NEW NEED.

The possibility of thus becom-
ing acquainted with the scien-
tific principles which underlie his
vocation comes none too soon. Un-
til lately the necessity for such
knowledge was not appreciated.
VVith a fertile, virgin soil, full of
the decaying plant life of past ages,
the farmer had only to
“Tune up his plow for a song
And the earth sang a chorus of gold.”

Then he could talk of his inde-
pendence and enjoy the certain
profits of his labor.

But that day has passed. The
ghost of an exhausted soil is al-
ready haunting our dreams. The
problem of maintaining fertility
becomes of all-absorbing interest.

The changed economic condi-
tions of the past few years render
it absolutely necessary that the
farmer adjust his business along
new lines andin harmony with these
new conditions. Crops which were
considered always staple have be-
come unprofitable through compe-
tition with regions whose products
made no figure in the world’s mark-
ets a. decade ago.

With lower prices the ques-
tion of transporting products to
their final destination becomes more
and more important, and a greater
proportionate burden upon the
farmer.

Everywhere the farmers are
asking “what shall we do next?”
VVhat shall we substitute for the
crops no longer profitable? What
can we raise that shall meet with
ready sale at living prices?”

The study of the elements of ag-
ricultural chemistry, of the prin-
ciples of animal growth and nu-
trition, or of economics may give
no direct answer to these ques-
tions, but the solution of the prob-
lem when found will be in har-
mony with scientific principles.
More and more a. knowledge of
nature’s laws and of the more ap-
proved methods ‘of the new agri-
culture are becoming a necessity.

HOW SHALL THE FABMER OBTAIN
THIS?

A course of study at an agri-
cultural college is out of the ques-
tion. The agricultural press teems
with articles of practical value;
but for a right understanding of
much that is written a knowledge
of scientific principles is needed.
Especially is this true of many re-
ports of experiments and discover-
ies at the experiment stations. The
conditions attending and the re-
sults secured being frequently ex-
pressed in the technical language
of science, plain to the student, but
unintelligible without at least an
elementary knowledge of science.

To meet this need of the farmer,
to place within his reach the prin-
ciples of agricultural and economic
science, and to give him the aid
and direction needed in his stud-
ies, were some of the objects in
the establishment of the Farm
Home Beading Circle of Michigan.

The country home life, too, needs
the quickening influence of new
ideas and intellectual growth, hence
the farmer’s wife and family were
not forgotten.

Believing that the farm homes
are the hope of the nation, a. course
was planned especially adapted to
help and encourage the home mak-
ers.

Such are some of the reasons
for the existence of the Farm
Home Reading Circle. We believe
it has 9. mission; that the encour-
aging beginning is the prophecy
of its future success; that it will
be found to merit a place among
the numerous plans for the intel-
lectual improvement of mankind,
and an especially warm place in
the hearts and homes of those for

whom it was inaugurated.
Hanover, Mich.

THE GRANGE IDEA OF EXPERI-
MENT STATIONS.

The following are extracts from
the memorial to congress of the
legislative committee of the Na-
tional Grange. They express the
best Grange sentiment on the sub-
ject.

I.—THE SCOPE AND VALUE or THE
WORK.

An experiment station is an in-
stitution for the promotion of
knowledge.

Its purpose is, in the terms of
the Hatch act, to “Acquire and
diffuse useful and practical inform-
ation * * * on subjects con-
nected with agriculture.”

It is essentially an educational
institution, and its benefits are as

general, as difiused and as incapable
of exact numerical definition or
measurement as those of the com-
mon schools.

Its best service to the farmer is
to be looked for, not in single
brilliant discoveries, but in such
an increase of tested and accurate
knowledge as shall enable the
farmer to conduct his business
more and more intelligently and
efficiently, and with a greater
margin of profit.

S0ils.—-The Maryland station
has made very elaborate studies of
the physical texture of the soil,
and of the movements of water in
soils, as affected by their texture
and other circumstances. The
results indicate, among other
things, that a large part of the
effect of fertilizers is often due to
their modifying the relations of
the soil to the water, rather than
to their direct fertilizing value.
This work opens up a. large field
for study, and indicates that we
may in future find new means to
improve poor soils in this respect
as well as in respect to amount of
plant food.

Fertilizers .—The Cornell station
has investigated the loss of barn-
yard manure by leaching and fer-
mentation. Manure handled as is
customary on the majority of
farms was found to lose from one-
third to one-half of its valuable
constituents in the course of the
winter through preventable causes.

The Kentucky station has found
as the result of its field trials of
fertilizers, that in the so-called
blue grass region the soil is already
richly supplied with phosphates,
and gives no return when these
are applied as manure, while an
application of potash salts produces
very remarkable results.

In addition to the above illustra-
tions of station work in fertilizers,
the work of so-called “fertilizer
control” should be mentioned. In
nearly all the states using commer-
cial fertilizers, the whole or a part
of this police duty is in the hands of
the experiment stations and their
work in this particular alone has
been of great value, not alone in
detecting frauds, but in preventing
and keeping up the standard of
excellence in fertilizers.

Crops-.—Work in this subject
has been very extensive. The
following synopsis show some of
the subjects touched upon in the
study of the two important crops,
corn and wheat. Under corn we
find the following subjects studied:
varieties, crossing, composition,
seed, rate of planting, time of
planting, method of and manuring
and cultivation, stripping, topping
and detasseling, planting, plowing.
Under wheat, we find the following
list of subjects: varieties, composi-
tion, culture, manuring.

The subject of spraying, in its
relation to fruit growing, has re-
ceived much attention at the exper-
iment stations. Many improve-
ments in methods, materials and
appliances have been devised by
them, and they have done much to
bring about the adoption of spray-
ing by practical fruit growers.

Plant diseases.—To mention
only a single example under this
head, it has been found by several
of the stations that the potato rot-
may be prevented by spraying the
plants with Bordeaux mixture.

Foods and Forage Plants.—The
experiment stations have done a.
useful work in the chemical analysis
of feed stuffs, having accumulated
8. large number of these, so that
we now know, with a good degree
of accuracy, the average composi-
tion of American feeding stuffs,
and how it differs from that of
European ones. They have also
done a considerable amount of
work upon the digestibility of feed
stuffs, so that for a considerable
number of these we have average
figures applicable to our own con-
ditions.

Stock Feedi'ng.—The study of
breed and individual peculiarities
of animals as a factor in stock feed-
ing has been a somewhat promin-
ent part of the work of the exper-
iment stations. Several of the
stations have carried on quite ex-
tensive comparative tests of differ-
ent breeds of live stock, either for
meat or milk production. Some
of these tests are still in progress,
but all of them have yielded or
will yield material of the greatest
value informing a judgment of the
different breeds, because they fur-
nish data which are unbiased in
favor of any particular breed, and
which moreover represent carefully

Continued on page 8.

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"7

 


    

8

THE GRANGE V ISITO

 

AUGUST 16, 1894.

THE GRANGE IDEA OF EXPERI—1
MENT STATIONS. l

Continued from page 7. ,
ascertained and recorded facts, and I
not aiiyone’s beliefs or theories. l,

Dairying. — Probably the most 
important single contribution to!
this subject has been the invention 
of the various rapid methods forl
the determination of fat in milk.}
and of which the Babcock test,‘
invented by Dr._ Babcock, of the
\Visconsin station, is the best
known. This test, which was

1 Given to the public as _a
i-Zzilli of station work, has put it
into the power of every dairyman
to know exactly what his cows are
doino-, and whether they are kept
at a profit or loss. It enables the
breeder to select such animals as
are good butter producers, and thus
to conduct his operations intelli-
aently. It enables the creamery
Elan to pay for the milk of his

atrons on the basis of its actual
iialue and thus conduces to justice
and good neighborhood.

lI.~—GOV’ERNl\IE1\”1‘AL SUPPORT.

(a) Agriculture lies at the basis
of our national welfare, and it is-
therefore, a matter of gmat Pubhc '
importance that knowledge “P011
agricultural subjects should be
generally diffused, and that every-
thing possible should be done to
bl-inn the researches of modern
SCle1TC€ to the aid of the C111‘UiV3t01‘
of the soil. . _ t

( Z!) This important work canno ‘
beiaccomplished by the individual 
farmer-fii'st, because he geiierally
lacks the scientific knowledge and
special training required for such
investigation; and, second because
the business of the individual
farmel. is not upon a. sufiiciently
large scale, and does not yield
sufficient profit to warrant him 111
making costly investigations for
his own use; and, third, because
the nature of his calling is Such
as usually to le.ave_h1m little time
for such investigations.

(c) The example of nearly every
civilized country may be <1110t9d
in favor of state support for exper-
iment station work, thus showing
a very general agreement as to the
propriety and importance of such
support. _

((1) Making the experiment
stations entirely dependent upon
their several states for support,
would involve the necessity of
action by a large number of differ-
ent legislative bodies, and Create 8
serious risk that the newer ‘and
poorer states, which espe_018«HY
need the work of an eXP‘31‘1menl3
station, would fail to receive the
benefit of one.
III.-—GOVERNMENTAL SUPERVISION.

(at) There should be proper
supervision on the part of the gen-
eral government over the expend-
iture of the funds _voted by con-
gress. The experiment stations
have fully recognized this, and
have, through their association,
taken oflicial action expressing
their readiness for such a super-
vision. _

(b) Supervision of the expendi-
tures on the part of the govern-
ment should be so organized as to
preserve the initiative of the sta-
tions in respect _to their work of
“ scientific investigation and exper-
iment,” in order that they may, as
required by the law, have “a due
regard to the varying conditions
and needs of the respective states
or territories.” _

Respectfully submitted.
J. H. BRIGHAM,
LEONARD Rnons,
J on}: TRIMBLE,
CO)')1I)’l’tTte8.

 

BROTHER A. R. Boxxsr.

The members of Gilead Grange,
No. 400, desiring to attest their
appreciation of the sterling worth
and genuine manhood of their de-
parted brother passed the following
memorial, recording something of
his life:

Angelo Randolph Bonney was
born in Batavia township, Branch
county, Michigan, April 26,1858,
and died at his home in Gilead,
July 8, 1894. Born of noble
Christian parents, carefully trained
in all that was pure and good.
given the best ofcducational ad-
vantages, com _let.1.ng his school
work at Ober 11 co lege, he de-
veloped a character seldom equalled
and not to be excelled. .

Above all was that quiet, cheer-
ful, and gentle disposition so

, said, well done.

to public service, he was continu-
ally called to responsible duties,
and in all these it could have been
Verily he gave
his life in doing good. June 21,
1883, he was united in marriage
with Miss Mary Luce, a most
worthy companion.

 

NOT A BAD FELLOW.

Rockford, IlI1'ch., August 6, 1894.

PROF. O1’ E.\'T0.\IOLOG\' AGRICULTUR.-xi.
COLLEGI-2——I find this fellow on my plum
trees, eating leaves. VVho is he? \Vhat
are his habits? and any information you
may deem worthy. If thought worth
while an answer through the GRANGE VIS-
[TOR would please me better even than a
personal one, for then more persons would
learn of him.

Respectfully,
EMOR KEECH.

REPLY FROM MR. DAVIS.

The inclosed insect proved to be
the caterpillar of the Cecropia Em-
peror. Although not more than
half grown the caterpillar measures
about two inches. It is green with
two rows of yellow tubercles along
the back except the four front ones
which are larger and red. \Vhen
it has reached its growth later in
the season it spins a large silken
cocoon in which it lives over winter
attached to some twig, and in the
spring it emerges from its winter
ome as a large, beautiful moth
that measures half a foot across its
wings. This moth lays eggs that
hatch into caterpillars similar to
this one. The caterpillars feed
on the leaves of many kinds of
trees.

They are never numerous enough
with us to do any harm. In Min-
neosta and the Dakotas they some-
times become quite a pest in their

apple orchards.
G. C. DAVIS.

Nofices of Meefings.

BROTHER I\lI-ZSSI-ZRlS MEETINGS.

The following is 21 list of dates for picnics
at which Brother Messer, Lecturer of the
National Grange, will speak.

;\u1_r. 22, li:1\\'bL-csc l’:ii‘k, Ilillsdzllc Co,

“ 23, Colil_\\':ltcr, Branch Co.

“ 2;, Agriculturzil College, Inghzim C0.

“ 25, Battle Creek, Ciilliouii Co.

"' 25‘, (il‘L:Cll\'lllL‘,.)l0l‘I[C21llll Co.

“ 29, Truvcrsc City, Grand Tr:i\‘crsc Co.

“ 30. Yet to be filled.

“ 31, Berricn Centre, Bcrrieii C0.

THE BIG BERRIEN GATHERING.

EDITOR VisiroR—Plezise say that the
Patrons of Berrien, Cass, and adjoining
counties will meetin Mar’s Grove, August
29, 30, and 31, 1894. and have invited all
civic organizations to meet with us and
take part in the exercises. The National
lecturer, Brother Alpha Messer, will deliver
an address the 31st at 2 p. in. Everybody
invited to attend and have a good time. A
full program will be rendered each session.
Fratcrnally,

Tiios. MARS,

AT B.\\\'BEF.SE_

I’R()l;l{.-\.\l.

At 10 .1. UL, the :lll(llL‘nl’: will he called to thc
‘_'l':ll"l(l p;l\ili0n by the l\1llI(l.

(3.111 to ordc. vy the president.

§1iigin_<_{——(.< ‘rcd sclcction), Glee Club, llillsdlllc
county.

l’r:i_vcr— Cliaplziin of Illll.‘-Lllllc county Grunge,

\\'clc:uiic .son_<_{—Glec club, l.cn:i\\'cc county.

Grcclln-,,r~lloii. T. F. Moore.

Singiiig—(}lco.- club, Ilillsdiilc county.

I’:incr—“ llczilth, home, and lizippixicssm Mrs. B.
G. llolig.

Sin_<.:in:_{—Glcc club, I.cn:i\\'cc county.

l’.'ipcr—" America, my Auicriczi,” Miss Lucic
Conklin.

SinginL5—~Aim:i'ic:i, by the whole ziiidicncc, with
biind I|C(.‘llllIIl:ll\llllCl'\I.

Adjournment. for dinner. basket picnic.

At i:30 p. in., call b_v the bzind.

Singin-.{—Glcc club, llillsdalc couiitv.

l’:ipcr--“ \Vork zind \\'orkm:inship,” .\Ir.s. }I. A.
IIiixikcr.

Rccitntion—l\Iiss Corzi Plirmclcc,

Piipcr-—“ The American farmer, his past liistorv
Zlnkl prcscnt duty us :1 citizen,’ Hon. Albcrl Deyd,
Singing—Glcc Club, Lcmiwcc county.
Addrcs.<—Hon. Alpha Messci' of VL, Lecturer
of National Grzuigc.

Rccit:itiou—Miss Mary Allis.
Ad(lrc>'s—Ex-(iov_ Cyrus G. Luce.
Siiiging——Auiliciil'<:.

Glcc clubs.\vill be prepared witli cxtrii selections.

 

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

i\Iusic, College band.

ii:3o-dinner.

Tozist-niiistcr, Nntlian P. llull of Dlll10n(.l:|lC, will
czill forth the following sentiments:

“ The farmer as :1 spoke in the political wheel,”
C. E. Bently, Eziton county,

“ The hziy seed,” G. H. Proctor, Inghiim counly.

“ C()'C(lll(‘2ltlOn at the Michigan Agriculturzil
College," Mrs. Amaiidzi Gunnison, Clinton county.

“ A typical hen’s nest,” Miss O. J. Carpenter,
Eaton coiiiity.

“ Fresh air,” Mrs. II. C. Everett, Inghzim
County.
“ The gates njxir,” Jerome Dills, Clinton county.

AFTERNOON.

(This session will lie held in the Armory.)
At 2 o‘clock president of the day, A. '1‘. Stevens,
will czill the niceting to order.
Miisic. Eclectic Society orchestra.
I'r;ivcr_
Address of welcome, President L. C. Gorton.
Response, Hon. 0. G. Penncll, Clinton county.
i\Iusic—solo, G. A. Fisher, Hcspcrian Society.
Address, Hon. Alpha Mcsser, Lecturer of Na-
tional Grange.
Muisc, Union Literary Society.

The Grange, says State Master Geo. A.
Bowen of Connecticut, is a large, prosper-
ous order, firmly established in every state
of the union, still growing in both numeri-
cal and financial strength, and conducted
by able, experienced and self-sacrificing
leaders, who, from having worked together
for years, are a unit in thought and aim.
Without going into details, the Patrons of
Husbandry have presented a strong, well
organized Order, prosperous in its business,
with a multitude of legislative achieve-
ments, and having a vitality greater than
that of any other agricultural organization,
and possessing the respect, not to say ad-
miration of the public for its judicious con-

peculiar to Angelo which endeared
him to us all. Especially adapted

servatism.

THE ARMY WORM.

Press Bulletin No. 2, llldichigan Agricultural Col-
ege.

The northern part of our state has
suffered considerably this season from
a raid on meadows and grain fields by
the army worm. It came too late to
do much harm to wheat. rye and barley;
but oats, corn and timothy fed the
armies wherever found. Potatoes were
untouched, peas sown with oats were
left while the oats were eaten, and clover
in timothy was left. The true army
worm seldom, if ever, touches the foliage
of trees or shrubs.
vasions of insects known as the army
worm, but this is the only real army

worm, and is known Iscientifically as:
t may be recog- ' _ .
nized by the general dingy black colorj Results prove conclusively that by the use of

i fertilizers 745/; in poms/z the crops of

Wheat and Rye

are lzirgelyincreziscd and the soil is positively enriched.

Leucania unipuncta.

with the following longitudinal stripes:

On the back is a broad dusky stripe with '

a narrow white line in the center; below
this is a narrow black line, then follows,
in the order named, a narrow white line,
a yellowish stripe, a. faint white line, a
dusky stripe, a narrow white line, a yel-
lowish stripe, and an obscure white line;
the belly is a dirty green. -

The army worms change but little
in color through their entire growth.
When fully grown they are about one and
one-half inches long. They then bury
themselves in the ground, when they
finish feeding, and a few days later trans-
form to a chrysalis, or pupa. They will
remain in this condition until the last of
August or first of September, when they
will appear as a reddish brown moth, sim-
ilar to the dingy moths flying around the
lights at night. These moths do not
feed on the plants, but mate; and a few
days later the female will commence lay-
ing eggs on the grass in meadows, past-
ures aiid especially waste places, such as
marshes and " cat holes." The moths
soon die. The eggs remain over winter,
and the next spring hatch out into small
army worms that feed and grow just as
their predecessors did.

The army worm caterpillars and moths
may be found in limited numbers al-
most any season, but it is only an occa-
sional season when they march out from
their usual feeding ground, the marshes,
and strip the surrounding fields of their
growing crops. A dry season. such as
that of last year, is very favorable for
them to increase rapidly and soon to
spread outside of the marshes on sur-
rounding grass, when tender food be-
comes scarce. If people with marshes
on or near their farms would take the
trouble to burn the marshes over at any
convenient time through the fall. they
would burn most of the eggs, and so pre-
vent what might result in an army
worm invasion the next year.

The prospects are that there will be no
general invasion next year. There are a
great many parasites, such as the “blow
flies” and slender bee-like parasites that
lay their eggs on the army worms. The
egg hatches into a maggot that feeds on
the army worm, destroys it, and later
changes into a. parasite like its parent.
If the parasites ‘iiavo the a’ good work
in all the state as in the regions visited
by myself, and we do not have a dry
autumn, there will be little danger of an
attack next year, as nearly every cater-
pillar collected has been killed by some
parasite.

VVhen an army worm invasion occurs,
the best thing that can be done is to
trap the caterpllars in ditches. When
they start from their breeding ground it
is in some certain direction, and few ob-
structioiis stop them, or change their
course. If they come to a building. they
climb up over it, down on the other side,
and continue on their journey. If it is a
brook, they bridge it with their numbers
and pass on, or perish in the attempt.
When they come to a ditch, they drop
into it and attempt to climb up the other
side, but if it is properly constructed, they
will keep dropping back because of the
loose soil near the top. When the ditch
is well covered, kerosene may be poured
along in it and ignited, or straw put in
the ditch and burned. Another method
is to plow or cut another ditch in front
of the first ditch, and bury the ones in
the first ditch, and so continue ditching
ahead of them. When the army is once
in a field, little can be done to stop their
ravages, except by burning the field or
rolling with a heavy roller.

G. C. DA\'IS,
Entomologist.

 

FAIR

At Grand Rapids, Sept. 24-29. The \Vest
Michigan Society holds its fair at that time.
Reduced rates on all railroads. Must not
be missed. Send for premium list. E. B.
Fisher, Secretary, Don’t forget the dates.

 

No order which has ever before existed
has accomplished so much for humanity
with so small a tax upon its membership
as the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.
The initiation fees in no state exceed $3 for
men and S1 for women, while in most
states the fees have been reduced to $1 for
men and 50 cents for women, and its
monthly dues are only 10 cents per mem-
ber.

 

The Grange may be considered as much
of a permanent institution as are our
churches and our schools, says Master Geo.
B. Horton of the Michigan State Grange,
and will ever be found on the side of jus-
tice, equality before the law, temperance,
morality, education, and all those things
that build up and make a. nation great in
all that we as Americans are proud to hold
most dear.

 

Young Lady Shopper-—This piece of
dress goods suits me, except that I do not
think the figure in it is pretty. Subtle
SaIesman——-Ah, but you surely will when
it is made up and you have the dress on.—
Arlcansaw Traveler.

 

“ Beg pardon,” said the missionary, “ but
will you translate his majesty’s remarks
again? Did he tell his daughter that he
was to have guests to dinner or for dinner?”
—Indi'anapolis Journal.

There are many in- :

i“Potash in Agriculture.”

 

 

sired. Sacks Free to Shippers.
Established I866.

        
 
     
    

 

‘I

212-214 Michigan St., Chicago, Illinois.

  

solicited. Liberal Advances made when de-

SILBERMAN BROS.

  

REFER by permission to
The Badstreet Company; ,
National Bank of Illinois. Qhicago;
Lincoln NntioiialBzml-1, <_3h1cago;_
first National Bank, Qumc , Illinois;
People’s Nat. Bank. Rock Is and, 111-;
Iowa. National Bank, Ottumwa. Iowa.

0
00000000

     

 

_/rte of £051.

‘  CSKUPKPLEMENTARY
Adjustable Wide Tire

FOR FARJI IVAGOIVS.

 

  buys a complete set (including_ the
" ° tightcner T) of ST]-IEL TIRES 45.’;
inches wide, \\'fll'l‘klllfe(I to ¢~in'i-y 4,000 1115.,
that can be put onto the wheels of any farm
wagon over the narrow tire, and can be attached
or detaclied by one man in twenty minutes. In
ordering give diameter of wheels. Address

E. E. WHIPPLE, St. Johns, Mich.

THE
GRANGE
VISITOR

UNTIL

Jan. I, I895

FOR

I5 Gents

Send in the Names

E inc

VVe will chccrfully lllllll our pamphlets on Potash, its Use rind Abuse on the lilrni,
They will cost you nothing to read, and will save you <loll;ir-'.
GERMAN KALI \VORKS, 93 Nassau Street. .\'e-.v \' ark.

 

BUYS A GOOD

$3 BIBYGLE

Tcrins: $20 dmvii, balaiicc

$1 per week

or 5,9’ 0If1'o1- ciisli.

Agents wanted where we are not yet
represented.

$125 Bicycle (strictly high grade) $70
C1141 01‘ $75 pziyuiciits. Enclose stamp
for pzu'ticul.'lrs,
V.\SS.\R REAL I‘lS'|‘.\'l‘E EXCHANGE
\'.\SS.-\R, .\llCll.

School the Entire Year. Students May Enter
atany time and Select their own Studies.

N0l’lllBl’ll /—--v
llltlléllld N0l°llldl SGllO0l Elllll
BU8lll688 lIl8l.ll»UT»6

VALPARAISO. IND.

The Largest and Best Equipped Normal
School in the United States.

_ Notwithstanding the hard times the attendance
is greater this year than ever before.

DEPA R’I‘l\IENTS.

Preparatory Teachers (including Kindergarten
Work, Teachers’ Training Class and Pedagogy)
Collegiate(inr:lnding Scientific, Classic and Select
Courses). Special Science, Civil Engineering,
Pharmacy,Cornmercial, Music, Fine Art. Phonog-
raphy and Typewriting, Telegraphic and view.
Each department is a school within itself, yet all,
with the exception of private lessonsin Music are
Included in One Tuition. Specialists as In-
.~‘fI‘ll('T0l'§ are provided for each departnieiit-
Though the attendance is large yet the classes are
sectioned so as to contain, on an average, not to
exceed 50 students.

The Coniniercial Departnient in connection
with the school is everywhere acknowledged to be
the most complete Commercial College in the
land. It is supplied with the most extensive line
of ofiices ever attempted by any business school.
No otlmr institutimi of It-m-icing of)":-I-.v for
one tuition, (ni_:/tiling like as many subjects
frtnn. u-Iiich to .9:-Iect. The best evidence that
the work is satisfactory is the constantly increas-
demand for those trained here. 1-1.1-pauses
1033 than at any other plm-e. Tuition $10‘
per term. Board and f'ui'ni.slied room $1.50»
to $1.90 per week. Catalogue mailed free.

Additional advantages for the coming year with-
out increasing the expense of the student.

22d year opens September 4th.

Address II. B. snows, Prim-ipal, or

I). I’. KINSEY, Associate.
 1\'l'TSHELLED. Greatest
book out. Tells all about
this wonderful subject. \Vli2itcvcr vour views are
on Hypnotism, you will find this book of great
value. Publislicd price, 30 cents. Sent free, tl‘1\l'lS-
portiition prepaid, if you remit 25 cents for subscrip-
Lion to Homes and Heartlis. the elegant house-
hold monthly. Addre.-s Homes and Hear-tlis

Publishing C0,, New York.

He—It was rather strange that you
should have clear weather throughout the
voyage. She——Not zit all. I was told that
the captain swept the sky with his tele-
scope the first thing every morning.—B0s—
ton Transcript.

 

PRESSES OF ROBERT SMITH & CO..
LANSING, MICE.

now buying,

copy?

Is a book containing illustrations, prices and
descriptions of 30,000 articles in common use,
a book that will show you at a glance if you
are paying too much for the goods you are

WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU?

Is it worth the 15 CENTS in stamps re-
quired to pay postage or express charges on 3.

THE BUYERS GUIDE AND CATALOGUE ( issued
every March and September) is the book we
are talking about: you are not safe without a
copy of the latest edition in the house.

Monrconuav WARD a co.,
I I I to I I6 Michigan Ave., Chicaglla

In writing mention Tum Gannon Visrron.

.-$-,,.._

._.~,__..—.._.__._

l
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