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“THE FAR]!/[ER IS OF MORE CONSEQUENCE TILIQN THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVE'D.”

i 1 College

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VOL. XIX, N0. 19.

OUR STATE IN STIT UTIONS.

The Prisons.

[We invite our readers to ask any questions they may wish
in regard to the details of work, conduct, or expense of any
department or institution which we have already described in
this series of articles. We shall be lad to reply to the best
of our ability, through the Visrromf

The Michlg—lIlI—S—t:lte Prison.

EQUIPMENT.

The inventory of June 30, 1894, values
the real estate owned by the state prison
at $815,500, and the personal property at
$75,788.51, a total of $891,288.51. The real
estate consists of 10 acres enclosed within
the walls, with buildings; 40 acres without
the walls, 35 of which are used as a garden,
and 5 acres as a stone quarry.

POPULATION.

The number of inmates is 856. This
crowds the prison slightly, as the cell ca-
pacity is but 842. During the last two
years 554 prisoners have been received, and
436 discharged. ' _

The average sentence of prisoners, with
good time, is three and one-half years. N o
prisoners sentenced for less than one year
are received.

369 are serving their first term.

I u in in second II

or u .i ird u

“ “ fourth

-« -A « am.

it to u slxth

“ “ " seventh

.. .. .. eighth ..
eleventh “

HQ)
.4-cu - O\€NU|t§

This means that the former sentences
were served in this or other prisons.
Ninety-six are life men, 17 of whom were
received in the last two years. The aver-
age imprisoximentof life men now in—"pris-
on has been 8 years and one month. There
are 15 fifteen year men, 25 ten year men,
and 103 five year men.

GOVERNMENT-

The management of the prison is vested
in a board of three members, appointed
for six years by the governor, serving with-
out pay. Only two of the members can be of
the same political party. The governor is
ca: ojficio member of the board. The board
meets once a month, and audits all bills be-
fore they are paid. They ‘make rules for
the management of the prison. No mem-
ber of the board can become an employé
of the prison, or be interested in any con-
tract for prison labor. The boards of the
three prisons meet in joint session once in
six months.

EHPLOYES.

The warden is chosen by the board, and
can be removed only for cause. The dep-
uty warden and all other emplo és are
appointed by the warden, subject to
approval of the board. If employés are
discharged by the warden, he must present
to the board the reasons for his action.
The other oflicers of the prison are clerk,
physician, chaplain, engineer, hall master,
steward. The clerk keeps the accounts of
the prison, and full records of prisoners.
The physician attends sick patients, de-
termines whether a convict is able to labor,
and superintends corporal punishments.
The chaplain conducts religious services,
gives personal religious instruction and
furnishes each convict with a Bible and
prayer book of his own choice_at the ex-
pense of the state. The duties of the
other oflicers are indicated by their titles.

The other employés are divided into
superintendents or foremen, keepers, and
guards. The first has charge of the
labor of a department in the shops. On
contracts the contractors furnish foremen.
The keeper preserves order in ii depart-
ment, having from 20 to 40 men in charge.
He accompanies them to meals and cells,
and reports to the warden daily. The
guards are on the wall and about the
prison. There are 15 keepers, 13 guards
on day service, and 8 on night service.
There are conductors to show visitors about.
Visitors pay a fee of 25 cents each. _Ex-
convicts are not allowed to visit the prison,
except by special permission of the warden.
There is also an inspector of mails, who
reads all letters to and from prisoners.
He makes a record of all the letters, and
withholds such as he thinks necessary, re-
cording his reasons. There are in all 55

LANSING, MICHIGAN, OCTOBER 4, 1894.

MANAGEMENT OF PBISONEBS.

On arrival a prisoner is registered, witl-.
a short account of his case. He is bathed_

soon as possible. _a

Prisoners are classified into three grade?!
In the first are those who seem likely to be
obedient and industrious. Second, those
who are somewhat vicious, but who can be
kept at work. Third, the incorrigibles.
The rules are very strict. Prisoners are
not allowed to converse, must be diligent.
and cleanly. They can write but two
letters a month, unless the warden permits
it. Visits to convicts are limited to one 1»,
month and to near relatives. Convicts car
subscribe for a limited number of approved
periodicals.

The granting of privileges for good con
duct, and the forfeiting of them for infrac-
tions of the rules, plays an important part
in the prison discipline. The regulation
suit of prisoners is gray. But when a man
violates a rule, if it is a serious offence, he
is put in a punishment cell. fed bread and
water, reduced to the second class, and put
into stripes. He will be restored to grade
one, on good behavior. There is no corp-.-
oral punishment, except in rare cases of
vicious insubordination. Grade one also
get one hour a day, twice a week, of recre-

The good time law allows a convict to
gain considerable time by good behavior.
It is so liberal in its provisions that a 20
year man could, by perfect behavior, gains
nearly seven years. The board takes away
good time for bad behavior.

l5D17U3‘.fI0.N AND nniaonnxiflfinl‘  A‘

There is a library of nearly 2,500 volumes.
Prisoners can draw books to take to
their cells. The library is well patronized.
Illiterate prisoners are put to school.
From September 1 to July 1 there is even-
ing school, four ni hts a week, one and
one-half hours. '1‘ is is graded and the
common branches taught. Many men
learn their letters here, and learn to
read and write. Some who enter prison as
illiterates go out with a fair knowledge of
the common branches. Some of the keep-
ers assist in teaching.

There isachapel service Sunday morning,
which all prisoners are required to attend. ‘
There is also a Sunday school of 250 men, at
which attendance is voluntary. The teach-
ers are from the city, officers of the prison,
and a few are inmates.

There are four literary societies, which
meet once in two weeks. They have pro-
grams of essays, readings, music, etc., all
by inmates. Some of the Work is crude,
much of it of a high order of merit, and all I
of it helpful. Once a month there is a
union meeting of the societies to which all .
prisoners are invited. There are occasion-
al lectures by prominent men.

The management claim that there are
three essentials of good discipline in prison.
1. Good officers.

2. Good food.

3. Privileges growing out of good be-
havior.

They also believe that great good has
come from this educational work.

EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIES.

There are 409 men working under con-
tract. At present theme are four contracts, A
manufacturing wagons, farm implements
and tools, polishing stoves, and monumental
stone work. These contracts are let to the
highest bidder. The prison furnishes the
men at from 40 to 60 cents a day, and furn-
ishes the buildings and keepers. That is all.
Contracts are made fora term of years, and
cannot be released except on six months
notice to the prison board. Contractors
pay for full time of prisoners, whether they
work them or not. Contractors select from
the unemployed men, under supervision of
the warden.

There are 121 men employed on state
account, making boxes,brooms, some cloth-
ing, and quarrying stone. There are 15
men employed on the farm and grounds;
35 in the kitchen; 21 in the engineer’s de-
partment; 60 in carin for hallsgcells, and
cleaning generally. There are 146 unem-
ployed.

employés of the prison; 10 hours is a
day’s work for employés.

Prisoners on contract work, who become

shaved, and given a prison suit, assi _ f
a cell and locked up. He is given work fig

ation in the yard, in summer. -

institutions incorporated under the laws of
this state is exempt, and so are the per.
sonal properties owned and used in connec-
tion therewith; but the proportionate value t
of such of the properties of such associa-

day’s work ;when these tasks are completed
they can continue to work at a proportion-
ate price, receiving this extra pay them-
selves. In 1893-4 prisoners received 823,-
000 in this way. Those on state work,
and on work about the prison, get no pay.

It is estimated that the convict labor

system in Michigan saves the taxpayers
$400,000 of taxes.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES.
The salaries are as follows:

 
 
 

Warden . . . . . ......................................... . _ $2,000
Deputy ....................... . . _ _ i,2oo
Clerk ......................... _ . 1,000
Chaplain . . . _ . . . . . . _ . i,ooo
Engineer . . . . . _ _ _ , . . . . . . . _ _ . _ . _ _ 1,000
Keepers (each), not over . _ . . . _ . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ , . . . _ _ _ , _ . _ . _ Soo
Guards “ " "

.......................... .. 700

Salaries may be increased beyond this
limit by the approval of the governor. The
pay roll is about $3,500 per month. In
the last two years the prison has come with-
in $7,600 of being self-supporting. The
farm supplies all the vegetables except
potatoes, and has turned in about $900 of
revenue. The cost of food is a little less
than 9 cents a day for each prisoner. The
food is plain, but wholesome, and plenty
of it. Clothing and bedding are made in
the prison.
PARDONS.

In a former article we spoke of the work
of the board of pardons. This board is
advisory to the governor, who alone has
power to grant pardons.

THE PAROLE SYSTEM.

The report of the board of inspectors for
1892 devotes considerable space to an argu-
. ment favoring the parole system for Mich-
. igan. Under this system, as operating in

nu.-...._ I ,

 

TAXATION IN MICHIGAN.

E. J. WRIGHT, TAX DEPARTMENT, AUDITOR
I oENEiiAL’s OFFICE.

. III.

Having considered what is subject to
taxation, it may be well to define the ex-
ceptions, not only such as are enumerated
in the general tax law, but other things
which are exempt, as the term, “ not ex-
pressly exempted” (Sec. 1), refers to other
special and general laws as well. For the
purposes of general taxation the property
of corporations which are required to pay
specific taxes for the support of the state
are exempt, though it is liable to assess-
ment for local improvements in cities and
villages. But this exemption does not ap-
ply to properties not in use for the pur-
poses of the corporation. All railroad
lands not adjoining the track of the com-
pany are subject to taxation, and so are
grain elevators and warehouses, and lum-
b'er, coal and wood yards, leased by a rail-
road company -to private parties. Leases
of this nature are very generally executed
for a nominal rents], the real consideration
«being found in a -contract to ship over the
lines of the company. But it is held that
this does not constitute such use by the

railroad company as to include such leased
properties among -those exempted by the

payment of specific taxes. Many thou-

sands of dollars of taxes which should be

assessed are lost annually by the failure of

aspessors to recognize _and act upon this

ru e

. “actually used as a park, an

WHOLE N O. 451.

this rule would yield much revenue to the
state.

It should always be remembered that
statutory exemption is specific and should
not be construed as exempting anything
not specified. The property of an unin-
corporated scientific institution, the bene-
fit of whose library, etc., is restricted to its
members, is not exempt. Lands owned by
a college of another state are taxable, and
so is a structure erected as a house of wor-
ship but no longer occupied for that pur-
pose, or a church not owned by an
organized religious society. A diocesan
residence is not exempt as a parsonage,
nor a Y. M. C. A. or W. C. T. U. building
as a house of public worship. There is
probably not an agricultural society in the
state that does not rent its horse barns
and track to breeders and horse trainers,
yet few assessors assess the proportionate
value of such leased properties, though
they should do so, as the exemption applies
only to such property of the society as is
used exclusively for fair purposes. I have
never known an assessor to place upon his
roll the proportionate value of such part of
a railroad depot as is used as a hotel for
the accommodation of the general public,
yet I fail to find in the law any excuse for
such omission.

Other real properties exempt from gen-
eral taxation are the charitable homes of
fraternal or secret societies, parsonages
owned by religious societies of this state
and occupied as such, burial grounds (in-
cluding all land dedicated or ac uired for
burial purposes, and old cemeteries where
further interments are prohibited by ordi-
nance),_land dedicated to the ublic and
arinories
belonging to military organizations and not
used for gain or any other purpose; but
the latter are taxable as other similar
properties unless used exclusively as arm-
ories. The exemption of burial grounds-
does not exempt the stock in a cemetery
association. The halls of masonic or sim-
ilar societies are not exempt except when
owned by societies incorporated under the
laws of this state and occupied exclusively
for the purposes of the society owning them-

The only discretion given the assessor
relative to what he shall list for assessment
is in determining whether the owner of
property is, by reason of poverty, unable
to -contribute toward the public charges;
and even in this his opinion mustbe in
accord with that of the board of review.
If they agree that the owner of any pro-
perty (real or personal) is unable, by rea-
son of poverty, to so contribute, the
property of such person must be omitted
from the roll. We hear much of the taxa-
tion of the poor and the failure to tax the
rich. The editor of the GRANGE VISITOR
has, I hope, better use for the space in his
columns then to allow them to be taken
up with a discussion of this or any
other baseless charge which has for its
sole purpose the cultivation of class preju-
dices. The tax law recognizes but two
classes of owners of property within the
jurisdiction of the state those who are
unable to contribute toward the expenses
of the state and those who are able to so
contribute. The property of the first
named class is exempt from taxation. The
assessor has no ‘authority to say how much
of the property of any person shall be

United States and state lands, as well as
those owned and used by the political sub-
divisions of the state, are not taxable, but
this does not exempt the interest acquired
by private parties in state lands; and the_
lands themselves become taxable as soon as
the equity of a purchaser becomes com-
Pletei even though a patent has not actu-
ally issued. Military bounty lands are
exempt for three years after date of patent,
provided they remain the property of the
patentee or his heirs, Lands owned by
Indians maintainin tribal relations or
patented to or owne by a “ not-so-compe-
tent” Indian are exempt
The real property owned and occupied
b religious societies, or by library, benev.
oient, charitable, educational, and scientific

assessed. If in conjunction with the board
of review, he believes the individual unable
to contribute, the property of such person
is declared by the law to be exempt; not
so much of it as the assessor may think
proper to omit, but all of it. Unless all of
the property of any person is exempt by
reason of the poverty of the owner, then
it is the sworn duty of the assessor to place

all of the real and personal property of
such person upon the assessment roll,
excepting only such property as is express-
ly exempted by law, and to assess it at its
true cash value.
- assessor no excuse for presuming to exer-
cise an official or a personal discretion in
the matter, after he has determined that
the owner is not unable, by reason of
poverty, to sustain his share of the burdens
of taxation, and that share the law says
shall be determined solely by the propor-

The

law gives the

ion that all his property bears to the

entire taxable property within the jurisdic-

proficient, have tasks assigned them as a

tions as may be rented for private purposes
is subject to taxation. The application of

t

ion of the assessor.
Lansing.


 

they should be kept growing

 

 

THE ‘G’1iAi§ieE‘ ‘VISITOR.

OCTOBER 4, 1894.

Field and Stock.

   

OUTLOOK FOR FEEDING S'|'0CK.*

 

A. F. WOOD.

Progressive farming depends largely iip-
on the live stock kept on the farm. What
that stock should be will be decided by the
soil, location, and the owner’s ability to
manage it. The farms of central Michigan
are generally composed of good land, suit-
able to grow stock of almost any descrip-
tion. We produce a great variety of
products suitable for feed, also have many
good old pastures, a good variety of hay as
well as general crops.

The location of one person may be such
that he may be able to milk cows and get
the best returns in milk for food consumed;
he may dispose of the old or inferior ones
for what they will fetch and replace them
by buying in to take their place, or what
would be still better, to raise his heifer

calves from his best cows and a suitable .

sire to keep up his herd. Others may keep
cows to raise calves to stock the farm. In
such cases after the calves get started on
new milk, the butter or cream may be
taken, and the skim milk fed, to which may
be added oil meal, oats, and the like, so
from the first
until they go to the shambles. In other
cases men buy their feeders at one and two
years old, and then feed till they are ready
for market, and that depends on what

market they are used in.

WILL IT PAY?

Matured beeves weighing 1,600 to 1,700
pounds are now quoted at about six dollars
per hundred in Chicago.
very few such beeves raised in Michigan
of late years, and I do not believe it
would be profitable to try to raise them.
They are exported and should be raised
where there is competition and plenty of
cheap corn. Our best beef is all needed in
the markets of our own state. After the veal
calves, the best ages to sell must depend
on what market they are to be killed in, and
will run from fourteen to thirty-two months
old, and should weigh from 800 to 1,400
pounds. It will seldom pay to keep till
three years old. The younger you can get
the same price per pound, as a rule, the
more profit. But prices will vary on ac-
count of age, size, and time of year mark-
eted. When the producer receives from
three to four and one-half cents per pound
live weight, the outlook for feeding is fair
on good, well bred, growthy stock.

It is true We are passing through a de-
pressed time in cheap mutton, which will
have a tendency to cheapen the price of
beef. On the other hand pork is high
considering other products of the farm.

WHAT AND HOW TO FEED.

As a rule in years past, corn and bran
with forage have been the cheapest feed to

make beef and mutton, but this year will ~

be the exception. There is much corn that
can be fed in the shock that will put on
growth and some fat. The time to com-
mence is the first of October on all cattle
expected to go to the shambles between
this and next August. But through the
winter and spring cheap wheat has got to
have a place in the feed for cows and beef
to be the most profitable. The time to sell
must depend on the fitness of the stock
and the market it is to be used in, also how
a person is situated to carry them along.

Some have good rich pastures. In such
cases, the better way is to keep the year-
lings well growing through the winter,
and add a little flesh, then turn to pasture,
and sell the last of June or July, before
grass beef gets ready for market. Others
that are short of pasture and want to sell
before going out to grass in spring, must
feed higher; and the better flesh the cattle
are in when coming into winter quarters,
the easier and cheaper they are fitted for
market. Generally beef cattle fetch the
highest price by the hundred between
February and July.

I have not said much about sheep, but
it is my opinion that goodsheep, especially
lambs at present prices, must pay well to
feed the coming winter. In conclusion let
me say, keep good stock, feed liberally, re-
membering that the quick sixpence is bet-
ter than the slow shilling.

Mason.

 

FEEDING WHEAT.

PROF. F. B. MUMFOBD.

The conditions confronting the feeders
during the coming winter will be unusual
if present indications are to be taken as a
basis for the probable prices of corn, wheat,
and cats. The values of corn and oats in
our leading markets are about $20 per ton
for each grain, while wheat may be pur-
chased for from $16 to $18.

If wheat continues lower than either corn
or oats, will it pay farmers to feed their
wheat rather than sell it? or if grain is to
be purchased will it be found more profit-
able to buy wheat than the above grains?
Exact experiments with feeding wheat
have not been extensively conducted in this
country, but the experiment stations have

‘ Farmers‘ club topic for October.

There have been .

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' lambs.

been feeding wheat during the past year
to some extent, and, onthe whole, the re-
sults have been favorable to wheat.

FOR GROWING ANIMALS.

For growing animals of any kind wheat
will undoubtedly prove to be a more val-
uable food than corn. Its composition
shows that it possesses more of the elements
necessary for the building of bone and
muscle than corn. Good practice would
indicate therefore that wheat should be
used largely in the ration for all classes of
-young animals. During the past winter
some experiments were conducted at this
station for the purpose of determining the
value of wheat in a ration for fattening
Fifteen lambs were fed all the
clover hay they would eat, and a grain
ration of corn and wheat mixed equal parts
by weight. The length of the feeding
period was fifteen weeks, during which
time the animals consumed 2,228 pounds of
grain (corn and wheat), and 1,677 pounds
of hay. The total gain was 443 pounds.

FOR HUGS.

Wheat has proved equally valuable for
feeding cattle and hogs, especially the lat-
ter. We have fed both ground and un-
ground wheat, in connection with skim
milk, to pigs, with satisfactory results.
Wheat should not be fed to pigs unground
and dry. It should either be ground or
soaked before feeding, as experience has
indicated that the dry grain is not readily

digested. In general, it will pay ihe farmer
better to feed wheat than to sell it at pres-

ent prices, or to sell wheat and buy corn.
There is another reason for feeding
wheat which is Worthy the consideration
of all wheat producers. It is commonly
conceded that a general feeding of wheat
throughout the country will have a marked
effect on the price of that grain. Even at
the present time, the board of trade specu-
lators are anxiously watching the daily
reports of the probable amounts of wheat
to be employed for feeding during the
coming winter. Wheat quoted at forty-
five or fifty cents is a cheap food, and farm-
ers will make no mistake in feeding it
extensively to farm stock of all kinds.
Agricultural College.

 

A PRACTICAL NOTE.

EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR—~Il’. may be of
some interest to the farmers of Michigan
to know.of the Oregon method of treating
wheat and other grain for the prevention
of smut.

Make a solution of water 15 gallons and»

one. pound of sulphate of'coppei'5(bIue"V1hP-\
riol). Use a tight barrel large enough to
admit a burlap sack containing one bushel
of wheat. Dip into solution once, and let re-
main one minute, lift out and let drain back
into barrel about five minutes, then empty
into a dry sack, set aside twelve hours, and
the grain will be dry enough to sow with
drill or seeder. Add water and vitriol to
your barrel of solution as fast as necessary
to keep up enough to cover your sack of
grain when dipped into it. Prepare solu-

and slip-shod methods has made them
poor and the mortgages with which large
areas of their lands are plastered keep the
owners poor. A large proportion of these
men were themselves unaccustomed to the
business of farming, and this was true to a
still much much greater extent of the hired
‘ ‘help upon which they depended. And
now they find that, to use an expressive
piece of slang, “they have hit off more than
A they can chew.”

A REMEDY.

There is a remedy for this state of things
and it must be resorted to sooner or later
——and the sooner the better. The old men
must divide up their farms with the boys
and better methods of farming must be
adopted. In a conversation which the
writer hereof had not long since with a
successful practical farmer who had given
much thought to this subject the latter re-
marked: “ We are all trying to do more than
we can do well, and as a matter of fact
nothing that we do is more than half done.
We have a vast amount of capital locked
-1.1 in lands that are not worked up to one-

' ‘lialf of their capacity. I have now a farm
‘iléf over 200 acres all under cultivation, but

have no hesitation in atfirming that I could
by more thorough cultivation and more
economical methods generally realize more
money each year if I confined my atten-
tion entirely to a farm of eighty acres. I
know I can raise as much corn from ten
acres as I now do from twenty acres, and
the same is measurably true of all other
crops. “Te have got to come to it. There
-is no sense in having 200 acres of land,
nominally worth say $40 an acre, when
eighty acres may be made to produce just
as much. ‘Vs must divide up our farms
with our sons and sons-in-law and keep
them with us instead of turning them loose

and Ooxeyites. The young men must learn
to farm with brains as well as with muscle,
and then we shall see what the average
eighty-acre farm of the west can be made
to produce.”

This farmer expressed the opinion that

* this subdivision of farms was inevitable in

the near future, and he drew a glowing
picture of the social, moral, educational,
and political advantages that would ensue
when eighty-acre farms became the rule
instead of the exception in this country—
Brceder’s Gazette.

 

IRRIGATION IN MICHIGAN.

The following is clipped from the Detroit
K-Eras .Press: .

The unprecedented dry spell that Michi-
gan has experienced during the past sum-
mer and the consequent great loss to those
that depended on the soil for their living
has caused many farmers to think seriously
of the value of irrigation. Water is abun-

applied all vegetation thrives.

Mr. M. E. \Villiams, of the firm of ‘Vil-
liams Bros, of Douglas, extensive fruit
growers, who have recently put in an irri-
gating plant, in response to a request on

tion a few hours before using so as to dis-
solve vitriol. One pound of vitriol is
enough for ten bushels. We pay 0 to 7
cents per pound here. Have used this
method thirty years with perfect success.
Oats should be treated with a little stronger
solution and remain longer in solution to
wet the husk. l

Another method is to pour the grain on
the barn floor and sprinkle with solution
and stir until thoroughly wet, but the first
method requires less labor. You should
set your drill or seeder for about ten per
cent more seed as the grain wlll be slightly
swelled.

If you provide two barrels and three or
four burlap sacks you can be kept very
busy and can treat a large amount of grain
in a day. The solution when strong enough,
will be sweet to the taste, and will deposit
a coating of copper on a bright knife blade.

W

. M. HILLEARY.
Turner, Oregon.

SMALLER EARBIS AND BETTER FARMING.

Horace Greeley’s advice, “Go west, young
man, and grow up with the country,” has
been followed by thousands in years gone
by to their own great profit, but now that
there is no longer any west for them to go
to and grow up with what are the young
men of the present and future generations
to do? Shall they continue to flock to the
cities as they have been doing for the past
decade under the mistaken idea that manu-
factures and commerce were the only roads
to ease and affluence, and that only here
could life be made worth the living? The
vast army of the unemployed, the starving
strikers and the wandering Coxeyites fur-
nish a striking illustration of what this
hegira to the cities has led to. What, then,
shall be done, and where shall our young
men go to? The facts are we have been
living under a highly artificial condition of
things for thirty years past, and this is
especially true of the farming community
in the west generally. The farmers over
the great western states are “land poor.”
With the great abundance and low prices
of rich farming lands the early settlers

the part of the Free Press as to what suc-

' cess the firm has met with during the past

season so a comparison could be made of
the merits of land artificially watered and
that which was not, says:

“lVe put in an irrigating plant during
the present season. We use a centrifugal
pump with a capacity of 650 gallons per
minute, run by a 10-liorse power threshing
engine. We use 4-inch pipe for mains
which we lay along a ridge that runs
through the middle of the farm. There are
about fifty acres set to fruit within conven-
ient reach of this ridge which we expect to
irrigate, although other lateral pipes will
be necessary to carry the water to some
portions of the ground. This orcharding
consists of 2,500 peach, 3,500 pear, 250 ap-
ple, 750 plum, and 500 cherry trees, and
20,000 currant bushes. The soil varies
from sandy to clay loam. The extreme-
ly dry weather for several years in this vi-
cinity has affected the fruit crops and the
growth of young trees so seriously that we
have decided to give this method of irri-
gation a thorough trial. Kalamazoo river
runs along one side of this farm, which
will give us an abundant water supply.

“ We fully intended to be ready to begin
pumping as soon as the dry weather should
set in, but owing to the railway strike we
were unable to get our orders ‘for material
filled promptly, and it was August before
we could begin operations and the drought
had nearly two months the start of us. _

“We commenced pumping on a young
plum and cherry orchard of about’ eight
acres, with strawberries between the tree
rows and potatoes in the rows. The benefit
was plainly seen. We then turned the wa-
ter onto a block of about 400 young peach
trees very heavily loaded with fruit, and the
benefit is not so apparent, but the peaches
were within three weeks of maturity when
we commenced watering them.

“ Even with such a late start we are fully
satisfied with our pump and appliances and
still expect that irrigation in Michigan, es-
pecially in fruit growing, will’ prove to be
profitable, for there is seldom a season
when a dry spell does not seriously injure
some kind of fruit. ‘

have grabbed up broad acres until the very
ownership, with its consequent high taxes

“ We have made a careful comparison of

upon the towns and cities to become tramps '

dant throughout Michigan, and where it is ,

irrigated and non-irrigated peaches in the
! packing house with the following result:
In running them through a grader set the
same for both lots so as to make three
grades. according to size, the irriga
peaches came out about one-fift-h first grade,
three-fifths second, and one-fifth third,
wl-iile the non-irrigated peaches came out
about half and half seconds and thirds,
with very few first grade. The variety,
culture and general conditions were about
the same. This shows more of a difference
in favor of irrigation than supposed from
inspection of fruit on the trees.”

THE FINANCES OF THE GRANGE.

The Cost of Membership.

The compulsory expenses of the Grange
are the least of any known agricultural
organization that has through a decade of
years demonstrated its ability to live and
preserve a state and national character.

So small are these requirements that the
Grange is easily within the reach of every
farmer and farmer’s wife, every farm
laborer, and every boy or girl who is other-
wise eligible to membership.

At the time of joining a Subordinate
Grange each man or boy pays a fee of.$l.00,
and each woman or girl pays 50 cts.

All members of a Subordinate Grange
pay annually the sum of $1.20 as dues.

Of the fees paid by new members at time
of joining a new Subordinate Grange, the
full amount remains in the treasury of the
said new Grange.

Of the fees paid by new members join-
ing a Subordinate Grange after organiza-
tion, $1.00 for each man or boy, and 50cts.
for each woman or girl, is sent to the State
i Grange.

1 Of the annual dues that are paid by all
' members of every Subordinate Grange
j after its organization, six cents per quarter
« or 24 cents per year, is sent to the State
I Grange on account of each member.

1 Each State Grange pays to the National

i

Grange, on account of each member of
the Order in the state, the sum of five cents
per annum.
It will be seen that to support the Sub-
ordinate, State and National Granges it
5 costs each member the very small sum of
, $1.20 per annum.

Thus is completed the essential neces-
sary machinery to concentrate the influence
and power of the Subordinate Granges all
over the United States in one grand body.

This small payment of money furnishes
ample funds, with judicious management
to pay the expense of every Subordinate
Grange, every State Grange and the
National Grange.

From this fund Subordinate Granges
have, after paying current expenses, bought
carpets, chairs and pictures, and books to
annually replenish libraries.

All who study and understand the neces-
sity and usefulness of organization and
co-operation will recognize and admit that
the greatest good cannot be accomplished
l without this means of concentration of iii-
1 fluence, that very many matters of legisla-
l tion and public policy which affect agri-
1, culture are of a national character, and can
‘ only be reached by an organization as
broad as the nation and the machinery to
, bring its power to bear on a single point.
l All this takes money, and an organization
i that has by nearly thirty years of existence
j demonstrated to the farmers of America its
ability to live and prosper, pay all its ex-
penses and perform valuable work all along
indicated, and maintain good strong treas-
iiries, by the payment of so small an
amount by each member, should in all
candor commend itself to every thinking
farmer who has the best interests of his
profession at heart.

How combines, trusts, and powerful cor-
porations and large individual interests
get legislation favorable, and prevent that
which is unfavorable to their various
interests, is by carefully Watching all bills
introduced into our legislatures and nation-
al congress and through paid attorneys do
all that is possible to be done to secure or
prevent enactments into law, as the case
may be, and their interests are afiected
thereby.

Accepting the situation and acting in
accordance, the National Grange has ap-
pointed a standing committee on legislation,
whose duty it is to represent the farmers’
interests in all pending legislation. They
have in years past done a good work in this
capacity and they are doing all they can now,
but their influence is not as great, and what
they say before the various committees will
not carry the conviction it would, if a large
majority of the farmers in the country be-
longed to the Grange.

My farmer friend, cannot you afford
$1.20 each year for the support of an organ-
ization like the Grange? For the benefit
of your home and your family, your neigh-
borhood and your business prosperity, I
ask you to earnestly consider these things.

GEORGE B. HORTON.

 

Now is the time to think about what you
will do with your boys next fall in the way
of education. If they are to remain on the
farm and follow the calling of their father,
will they be any worse off by reason ofla
scientific training?——-Practical Farmer.

 


 

Lu

. ..a .... .-.-..._
A

OCTOBER 4, 1894

.. _._ -.........._ ,.........m....._.... ....._.

THE_ GRANGE VISITOR,

3

Woman’s Work.

GROWING OLD.

Old—we are growing old,
Going on through a beautiful road,
Finding earth a more blessed abode;
Nobler work by our hands to be wrought,
Freer paths for our hope and thought;
Because of the beauty the years unfold,
We are cheerfully growing old.

Old—we are growing old,
Going up where the sunshine is clear;
Watching grander horizons appear
Out of clouds that enveloped our youth,
Standing firm on the mountains of truth;
Because of the glory the years unfold,
We are joyfully growing old.

0ld—we are growing old,
Going into the gardens of rest
That glow through the gold of the west,
Where the rose and the amaranth blend.
And each path is the way to a friend;
Because of the peace that the years unfold,
We are thankfully growing old.

0ld—are we growing old?
Life blooms as we travel on
Up the hills into fresh, lovely dawn;
We are children, who do but begin
The sweetness of living to win;
Because Heaven is in us, to bud and unfold,
We are younger, for growing old!
—Lucy Larcom, in United Presbyterian.

WORK AND WORKMANSHII’.

[Paper read ‘.11. the Assembly held at Bziwbeese Park. August 22,
IS94. by Mrs. Helen Hunker of Hillsdzile.]

The world’s history is full of testimony
to prove how much depends on industry.
’Tis said that love makes the world go
around; in the same sense may it not be
said the world’s equipose is maintained by
work? Think of the great antiquity of
work. In the old world the Worth of men
and principles is often judged by their
claim to antiquity. The Englishman stands
more firmly in his boots who can say, “my
ancestors came over with William the Con-
queror.” And even in democratic America
to be able to say one’s ancestors crossed
the ocean in the Mayflower is the cause of
much family pride. From a like stand-
point work and its votaries must be of
high value, for indeed they are contemp-
orary with the creation of man. They ante-
date the fall. From this remote origin
work and workmen have multiplied and
diversified until their name is legion.
They enter into and promote all human
progress; they are the broad foundation
on which society is built; they are so to
speak the strong root which, though to a
great extent buried in obscurity, sends up
and out the life sustenance into every branch
of government, religion, science, and edu-
cation. Every individual who deserves or
would deserve the name of man or woman
must be a worker of some sort. What more
convincing proof can there be of human
progress than the history of workmen?
Slow and painful has been the process by
which they have emerged from slavery into
liberty. ’

SLAVERY.

There was atime when despotism ground
them down, excluding them from all knowl-
edge, denied them freedom of speech and
property rights; neither recognized by so-
ciety or protected by law, merely tools or
slaves, forced to yield to task-masters, and
in anguish of body and bitterness of soul,
they made bricks without straw. The
building of the pyramids in Egypt, those
stupendous piles of practical uselessiiess,
was only possible because human life and
labor were of no value. In silent and
pathetic language they tell of the misery
and degradation of the workmen whose
work has stood for ages, monuments of
the brutality and pride of one man. Whose
workmanship was it?

Taking into account the thousands of
of years which elapsed between the build-
ing of the pyramids and Windsor Castle
we can comprehend the slow progress of
improvement in the condition of workmen.
That magnificent castle was built by Ed-
ward III. Hume says: His method of
conducting the Work may serve as a speci-
men of the condition of the workmen of
that time. He assessed every county in
England to send him a certain number of
masons, tilers, and carpenters, as if he had
been levying an army. These workmen
were compelled to work at king’s wages.
The builders of the pyramids worked with-
out wages or clothing; those who built
Windsor Castle had wages indeed, but
only such as their employer dictated, and
however inconvenient the work or unwill-
ing themselves they had no choice but the
king’s will. Some advance but how slow.

THE MAS SES.

Just now we hear much of the masses.
VVho are they? Excluding idlers either
of the upper or lower strata of society
from consideration, and using the term to
designate the large class of people who,
either from choice or necessity, with brain
and hands work for support and compe-
tence, from whatever angle of vision we re-
gard them they present a most interestin
study; not only interesting but of vita
importance. They are everywhere. They
build the first log house in the dense
woods and the first sod house on the
treeless prairie, and make way for the
plowshare to turn the first furrow in the
hitherto uncultivated waste; as civilization
advances they and their work satisfy the

needs and necessities of country and city.
Their ambition advances a nation, their
recklessness checks its progress, their
despair may introduce anarchy and blood-
shed. They are a never failing fountain
from which flow streams to bless or to
curse the world. And nowhere is the
truth of this exemplified more than in the
United States. From the masses have
come many of those to whom our country
is most indebted for her free institutions,
for her prosperity, and for her place fore-
most among nations. From the same
source too have come unscrupulous, artful,
aspiring spirits, who respect not virtue
and hate truth. Both are known by their
work and its results which constitute their
workmanship.
INTELLIGENT LABOR.

There is an expression in common use,
intelligent labor. What is it? The
masses are still as heretofore giving their
time largely to solving the problem of the
ages, “what shall we eat, what shall we
drink, and wherewithal shall we be
clothed?” But if their whole time is
given to this question, can it be expected
their nature will rise much above the
animal? The system of work which culti-
vates the muscular nature but leaves the
brain and thought undeveloped, returns a
product much nearer brute than human;
while the education which develops
thought but has no rule for mutual
development of the body is likely to result
in the big head, and often little else. Two
forces constitute the power of successful
work, physical strength and intelligence,
brain and brawn combined. Given these
two in fair proportion we could readily
adopt the motto of one of the wise men of
Greece: Nothing is impossible to industry.

But what are the facts? A thoughtful
Writer recently observed that “the tragedy
of our civilization consists in the fact that
while knowledge has been multiplied and
diffused, wealth has been multiplied and
concentrated in a few hands.”

It must be remembered too that the
horizon of the Working men (and women)
has greatly expanded during the present
century. Manufacturers, commerce, rapid
transit and modem means of communica-
tion have made all luxuries and improve-
ments familiar to all eyes. The marvelous
spread of journalism makes him acquainted
with the news of the day at home and
abroad; with all these aids toward advance
one must be dull indeed not to feel that
civilization owes the wage worker a fairer
chance and a larger hope concerning the
possibilities of the future.

(Continued next issue.)
INVISIBLE INFLUENCES.
[Paper read at  0ff’o]iZi'iarp;zr: (}%i:ipr;g:,]l)y Mrs. Emer-

When asked to prepare a paper on the

subject of invisible influences, I immedi-
ately felt the power of those influences
stealing over me inclining me to refuse on
the ground of educational inability, but
after thinking about it more maturely I
thought perhaps by refusing I might be
exerting a bad influence and I decided to
give you a few broken thoughts.
I Influence may be compared to a rill, a
rivulet, an ocean, and as boundless and
fathomless as eternity. How often do we
hear individuals remark, “ I have no influ-
ence,” seeming to forget the fact that every
human being is a center of influences for
good or ill. VVe read in the Bible that
“None of us liveth to himself.” We are
continually exerting a secret, silent influ-
ence by our deeds, our words and our very
thoughts, which speak out through the ex-
pressions worn upon our faces.

MorHER’s INFLUENCE.

Let us in memory go back to our child-
hood days and our home surroundings,
where we received our first impressions,
either for good or evil, which have clung
to us through all the years, we cannot
shake them off if we would. Many of us
remember with What care our parents sur-
rounded us with every influence calculated

to inspire to a nobler manhood and woman-'

hood. Even the infidel lives under the
holy influences of a pious mother. It is
said of John Randolph that he could never
shake ofl’ the restraining influence of a lit-
tle prayer his mother taught him when a
child. It saved him from the clutches of
avowed infidelity.

What wonders has the purifying influen-
ces of the Christian religion wrought in
the world in breaking down idolatry and
superstition, turning savage and warlike
tribes into quiet, peaceable citizens, and
uplifting society wherever it has gone, yet
in the very midst of these elevating influen-
ces there are those of an adverse nature,
those which greatly tend to lower us in the
scale of being. Take for instance the
liquor traffic and other kindred vices_ send-
ing forth a continuous stream of poisoned
influences, which are wrecking the lives of
thousands of our fellow beings and bring-
ing untold misery into the otherwise happy
homes, and I can see no remedy except that
which comes from the influence of religion
and education, for where the two are com-
bined there is culture and refinement.

THE SCHOOL OF LIFE.
Education is already exerting a wonder-

ful influence over nearly all classes of so-
ciety, indeed life is a school in which we
are all being educated in one way or another,
and just as in all of our public schools
there are some scholars who acquire knowl-
edge rapidly while others are dull of com-
prehension and slow to learn, so in the
great school of life, you will pardon me if
I compare the average farmer of past years
to the scholar who has been dull of com-
prehension and slow to learn. He has
been wont to think that his only interests
consisted in tilling his land and marketing
his crops, neglecting the important duty
of informing himself upon the current is-
sues of the times, apparently unconscious
of, and indifferent to the fact that wily
politicians and shrewd business men were
enacting laws detrimental to all of his inter-
ests, until those laws seemed to him un-
bearable and he began to cast about him
for some way to rid himself of his griev-
ances, and the only way seemed to be that
of education. Educational organizations
are being formed, of which the Grange
stands at the head, where farmers and their
families may meet together for mutual
profit and pleasure as well, and today poli-
ticians are coming to realize the fact that
the farmers intend their rights should
be respected; and when a man like
J. Sterling Morton, occupying the import-
ant position of secretary of agriculture,
publicly denounces the principles of the
farmers’ organizations, through whose in-
fluence the oflice was created and his elec-
tion secured, they immediately show their
indignation by publicly denouncing him
and petitioning him to resign his office.

When we compare the farmers of a half
century ago with those of the present
time, we notice a Wonderful advancement
along educational lines. The farmer can
no longer be called stupid, neither are his
sons and daughters the victims of ridicule
as in former years, by those living in the
cities, for they are taking their places in
all of the institutions of learning side by
side with those of the city, and in very
many instances far surpassing them in the
educational race.

Then brothers and sisters of the Grange,
let us continue in the good work so well
begun, and may the stream of invisible
influences, set in motion by our organiza-
tion, continue to deepen and Widen until
it shall be like a mighty torrent, sweeping
away every obstacle which stands. in the
way of the farmer’s success.

TWILIGHT.

THE PHILOSOPHER.

_ I have often sat, on a Sunday afternoon
in autumn or early winter, and watched
the day fade into night. At those seasons
the twilight is the most instructive, though
perhaps not the most enjoyable. I speak
also of the Sunday twilight, because on
that day one is ‘more in the mood for rev-
eries.

A glow in the west shows where the sun
Went down. The lengthening shadows
mingle into a universal shadow that covers
the landscape. The bright colored trees
and bushes lose their brilliancy, and join
the throng of objects rapidly growing dim
to the sight. The light of day, triumphant
in its rtle, reluctantly retreats. The glow
in the west broadens, but fades. The starry
clans gither for their vigils on the walls
of Heaven. The shades deepen into dark-
ness; the day is done; night reigns.

The nan at the window thinks of the
day thusclosed. What has it been to him?
a day of refreshing, of growth, of re-crea-
tion? 0: a lazy day, a day to have drifted
in, a lostday? And what of the morrow?
Will that be a better or a worse day because
of today’slife? What is this feeling, half
of chagrin and remorse? Is it not that
memory serves to speak of the weakness,lit-
tleness, iniignificance of a man’s ambitions
and plans? There is present a. loneliness
that comes irom a realization of the vast-
ness of the iniverse, and of the puny pow-
ers of a singe soul. -

In variousrways many people dwell for-
ever in the twilight. There are those
Whose reverts rarely cease. They build
castles that at) but bubbles. They live in
the dead past or in the unknown future,
never in the lving present. They dream
of What is to be, or of what might have
been. Such lite in the twilight, wishing
but not winning meditating but not labor-
ing. .
There are thos, too,whose faculties seem
obscured in thetwilight. They have no
Clear Visions of lie, no clean cut paths of
endeavor. The the ends of living appear
to be hid from th , and they go on, pur-
suing phantoms. adows, and false lights.
The relations Of evlnts, of cause and effect,
do not appeal to fiem. For them there
is no life, in its beS\sense, merely a grop-
ing, a wandering, a ‘pandering.

Upon some are al ' ys falling the shades
of night. They wallin the valley of the
shadow. The real soiows of life oppress
them to the ground. for them the sun of
110119 1135 9913- T0 thel eyes the shadows
always are lengthenin Or it may be that
worryings, complaints, nervousness, bor-
rowing trouble, obscure 9 sun and hasten
the twilight. God pltykege,

l

1“
\
\
\
l.
l

1

. anything.

But to the healthy soul there must be a
period of twilight, when struggle and toil
are suspended and there is opportunity for
review, criticism, resolve; a time, in the
cool of the day, when God walks, and when
the reverent spirit gladly listens for the
word of comfort and encoiii'agement that
is sure to come. So the twilight has its
lessons for us.

The Juveniles.

MR. MOUSE.
So trim, and slim, and gracefully thin,
VVith gray fur leggins as tight as his skin,
\Vith gray fur mittens just to his mind,
And a little gray tail hanging down behind.

So trim, and slim, and gracefully thin,

VVith a gray vest buttoned under his chin,
‘With a gray fur coat nicely trimmed and lined,
And a nice little tail hanging down behind.

There’s a rap and :1 tap, a scuflie and din,

A tap and a rap, but he can’t get in,

Though he raps, and taps, and begs on his knees
For a crumb of cake and a morsel of cheese.

For a crumb of cake if ever so small,

For his three wee babies behind the wall,

In three gray suits all trimmed and lined

And three little tails hanging down behind.
—]lIr.~‘. Ill. F. Butts.

MY JET.~A TRUE CAT STORY.

I am afraid Jet was a little cross at times;
yes, I am sure he was, and I, one of his
most intimate friends, ought to know. It
was when I was a little girl that we had
this cat called Jet, a great, shining, black
creature. I loved Jet, oh! very much in-
deed! and I think he liked me a little; but
he was never so fond of me as he was of
my mother. I liked to hold Jet in my lap,
and to smooth his soft fur, but he would
soon tire of me and jump down. I never
tried to hold him after he was tired, for he
had a very bad habit of growling and show-
ing his teeth. '

Jet was not at all fond of company either,
which troubled me greatly, because I was
always pleased to have visitors come to the
house. He would run away and hide, and
if I tried to coax him away from his hiding
place, he would growl and put up his back
and say “Scx! scx!”

And if another cat came into our yard——
oh! you should have seen Jet then! He
did not wait to put up his back, but taking
one look at the stranger, darted away in
full chase after him. All the cats in the
neighborhood soon learned that they must
never do more than run across our back
fence, and the more swiftly they could run
across the better for them.

But by and by all this changed. I never
understood just how the acquaintance be-,
gan, but a poor forlorn old cat, with one
ear gone and a part of his tail missing,
came to live with Jet. Yes! Jet, who had
never allowed another cat within fifty feet of
our house, took this friendless stranger
under his care, let him share his bread and
milk, and even permitted him to sleep in the
soft bed which had been made especially for
J et’s own use in a box under the back porch.
Little by little J et’s nature changed, until
he became so gentle that he would lie
sleepily on the door mat and only wink
when other cats wished to cross the yard.

I used to think that as the tramp cat and
Jet lay together in the sunshine, old
Tramper would chat between times with
his younger friend. He would tell Jet how
glad he ought to be that he had always had
such a good home, and that he ought to be
getting wiser at he grew older; and that
Wise people do not like to growl and to be
cross and quarrelsome. They are cheerful
and happy, and like to see others have
good times. I felt sure that Tramper, as I
called him, used to talk in this way to Jet,
although I could never catch him saying

would both doze or pretend to be fast
asleep, or, at any rate, not talk so that I
could understand. However that may be
I do know Jet was better as an old cat
than ever he was as a kitten, and that his
growing better dated from the time when
he was kind to poor friendless Tramper.

~—M. V. Gillin, in the C'hi'ld’s I/Vorld.
PUZZLES.

[All readers of Tm; GRANGE VISITOR are invited to contrib-
ute and send solutions to this department. Address all coin-
munications relating to puzzles to Thoinas A. i\Iill:ir, 500 rzth
St., Detroit, .VIichig:in.]

Solutions to pu'/.I.les September 6.

1. Cleveland. 2. Lord, Odor, Rose, Drew,

SOLVERS.

CO.‘vIPI.ETF. LisTs—Gertrude Brooks, Lapeer; .\Irs. C. Thomp-
son, Greenvillc;Grungcr, Sand Beach; Ann L. Cheney, Wood's
Corners; Mrs. Fudge, Kzilkaskzi.

INCO.VII‘LE’l‘E——Lily May, Grace Bell, The Boy, ;iiidTol.

PRIZE \VINNERS,

Miss Gertrude Brooks of Lapecr, wins 21 paper novel (her
list having reached us first).

No. 7.—Diamam!'.

I. Alettcr. 2. Small spot. 3. Horse hairs.
A prince. L3. Shaky.

' A I/(gr/1:111/.

3. Bear,

4. Blots out. 5.
7. Approaches. S. A pen. 9. A letter.
PHIL.
1V0. 6.~Diwi;‘iitatim1.v.

Behead zi weapon and have :1 fruit; beheiid zigiiin and have

part of the head.

Dexter. I)EX'l'ER.
1V0. 9.—Iltddr/I Tow;/.~' and (Jo/t/III}-.v,
My father drinks, new port wine.
ller pa risked his life for her.
Can Ada go to school?
Alas! Kate would not listen.
I{al1’ri.v£'a. MRS. A. FUDGE.

PRIZES.

For the two best lists of solutions, we will give ezich, one

clicap paper novel. Solutions must reach us. by October i6.
THE MAIL BAG.

Gertrude Brooks, Granger,Mrs. Thompson, Ann Cheney, Tot,
Mrs. A. Fudge, and all others hziye our thanks for solutions,
hope you will do so regularly. Will you also send us some UL-
zles.’ Well done Granger for first attempt. Keep it up. rs.
Fudge, and Ann L. Cheney, thanks for puzzles, will use them
fast as we can. Come again. Let every reader send in uzzles
and solutions.  W.

Whenever I came near they ~


 

4-

 

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

OCTOBER 4, 1894.

THE GRAl:l_G_E_ VISITOR.

Published on the first and third Thursdays of every month.

Kenyon L. Butte!-field, Editor and Manager.
LANSING. MICH.

To whom all exchanges. communications. advertising busi-
ness and subscriptions should be sent.

Oflice, Room 19. Old State Building.

TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six Months.
In Clubs of 20 more 40 Cents per Year each.
Subscriptions payable in advance. and discontinued at
expiration, unless renewed.

Remittances should be by Registered Letter. Money
Order or Draft. Do not send stamps.

o insure insertion all notices should be mailed no
later than the Saturday preceding issue.

Entered at the Postofiice at Lansing. Mich.. as Second
Class Matter.
Eflliixr ISSUE OCTOBER 18.

   

OUR WORK.

The following has been approved by the State Grange as_a
fair statement of the objects the (:range of Michigan has in
view, and the s ecial lines along which it proposes to vvork.
\Ve ho e every }range in the state will work earnestly in all
these epartments, so that bv a more united efiort we shall
rapidly increase our numbers. extend our influence, and attain
more and more completely these ends which we seek.

OUR OBJECT

is the Or anizatioii of the Farmers for their own Iiiiprovenicnt
Financially. Socially. Mentally. Morally. .

VVe believe that this improvement canin large measure be
brought about: _ _ ,

i. ((1.) By wider individual study and general discussion of
the business side of fanning and home keeping.

(6.) By co-operation for financial advantage. ‘ _

2. (a.) B ' frequent social gatherings, and the _ mingling
together of farmers with farmers. and of-farmers with people
of other occupations.

(6.) By striving for a purer manhood. xi nobler womanhood,
and a universal brotherhood. .

3. .)  studying and promoting the improvement of our
district schools. _

(1).) By patronizing and aiding the Agricultural Colleges '.i_nd
Experiment Stations in their legitimate work of scientific in-
vestigation. practical experiment. and education for rural pur-
suits.

(c.) By maintainin and attendin farmers’ institutes; read-
ing in the Reading ircle; establis ing and using circulating
libraries; buying more and better magazines and papers for
the home. _ . _ , _

4. (a.) By difiusing a knowledge of our Cl\'1l institutions and
teachin the high duties of citizenship. _ _

(17,) y demanding the enforcement of existing statutes. and
by discussing. advocating. and trying to secure such other state
and national laws as shall tend to the general justice. progress,

and morality.

We need Grange news.

 

 

Don’t fail to read our supplement.

 

Are you reading our splendid articles on
taxation?

 

Patrons, what are you doing? Tell us
in postal jottings.

 

Patrons, we invite your attention par-
ticularly to the article in our supplement
entitled “ Special to Granges.”

 

Will you help us double our circulation
during the next two weeks? Big talk?
Well, we can do it if you will help us. We
can’t do much unless you do help us,
however. I

The younger members of the family
will be interested in the puzzles we pub-
lish each issue. They are for the “juve-
niles,” and we hope our young friends will
try to solve them.

 

THE NORMAL SCHOOL SALARIES.

We made an error in our statement of
September 6, of the salaries paid at the State
Normal School. We took the salaries from
a monthly pay roll in the office of the
state accountant and multiplied by 12 to
get the annual salaries. But it afterward
developed that the majority of the
salaries were for but 10 months of the year.
This is not the custom with the other
state institutions, and as there was nothing
on the pay roll to indicate the fact, we
were naturally led into the error. We are
glad to publish the corrected pay roll_
This reduces the salary list by $6,120 a

 

year.
YEARLY SALARIES, TEN MONTHS.

   

$3,500

2,500

16,000

1.i!)0

3,lIl0

500

1.(ll0

6,400

750

7,(Xl)

1,200

550

1.0%

MI)

EMPLOYES. 12 MONTHS.

1 clerk .............................................. .. $300
1 librarian._....-._..--.. ._._. 600
1 assistant librarian . . . . . . . . . . _ . _. 300
1 janitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. 120
4 Janitors @ $480 . . . _ . . . _ . _ . . _ .. 1.920
Total ............................................ .. $49,940

 

OUR REQUEST.

We enclose a supplement to the VISITOR
of this issue, which contains a personal re-
quest to each reader of the paper. May
we have your time a moment, to explain
our wish?

We desire to increase our list largely
during the next two months. We want
2,000 more names by December 1 than we
now have. Usually we have offered prizes
or pay of some sort. But now we ask you
directly if you will not help us a little
without further pay than will come to you
in a better paper. You can do it with 8.
very little trouble.

We offer the VISITOR three months for

10 cents, for a time; and our request of
you is that you send us at least one name
at that rate. If every reader will make it
a point to do us this favor during the next
few weeks, we can easily accomplish our
desire.

Many of you can afford to send it to a
friend, at those rates. All of you can
surely secure one name as a trial sub-
scriber. With our articles on state insti-
tutions and taxation running, each issue is
worth ten cents. Now, isn’t it?

We believe we can keep these trial sub-
scribers as permanent ones, if we have a
chance. All we ask of you is to help give
us a chance. Will you not get your name
for us at once?

Kindly read our supplement, and act
of the suggestions there made.

 

DO WE TALK TOO MUCH?

As a. people we are much given to criti-
cising the powers that be. This is a trait
inherent in the race, and a prerogative
guaranteed by all our declarations of free-
dom. Such criticism is necessary in a free
government; necessary because of the
makeup of human nature, and necessary
because without it there is no expression
of the will of the people. There should
be no check upon it, except as it may come
to be the expression of either avowed or
practically implied anarchy. Of course
no man denies that criticism of itself is
insufiicient. It is the preliminary thing,
but it must be followed by an activity that
promises to reform the object of attack.
This perhaps can not be done by the critic.
Some men are born to see the faults of
things and to preach a better way, although
they may not always be men fitted to lead
in the practical movement along the better
path. But as a people, we can not afford
to criticise with folded hands. We must
not tear down if we can not build better.
There is little use in complaining of the
crack in the chimney or the leak in the roof,
unless we put the mason and the carpenter
at work for us.

Now do we not do this very thing?
Do we not complain of the bur-
dens of taxation, without putting forth
enough efiqrt to relieve them? Do we not
speak bitter words about corrupt officials,
and then keep away from the places where
men are made ofiicia.ls—the caucuses? Do
we not groan under the supposed rule of
the corporations, and keep electing men
who we think pander to the corporations?
Do we not belittle our legislatures, without
using our influence in behalf of the mess-
ures we believe in? Do we not, in fine, as a
people, talk too much about the evils our
country is heir to, and take too little
real interest in the practical reformation of
those evils?

 

A LEGISLATIVE PANACFA.

There are medicines advertised to cure
each and all of a score of dilferentdiseases.
One would think that getting well were the
easiest thing in the world. What educated
physicians can not cure shall be cured by
a compound of no one knows what, taken
at random! This folly has delrded many
and continues to do so. But physicians
tell us that the best way to get Will is to have
furnished the conditions of health, and the
most intelligent practitioners have more
faith in pure air, exercise, diet,and pleasant
surroundings, than in pills and powders.

This delusion regarding pnaceas is not
confined to individuals sulfeing from real
or supposed ills, but permettes a mass of
people who feel that society is hopelessly
sick. Their cure-all is legslation. They
believe that if they could riave the making

of the laws, and could giva liberal dopes of
their legal compounds to tie patient, health
would return, and the Garden of Eden be
re-established in our avn day and land.
But such forget that th: trouble lies deep-
er than that. Practicdly speaking, laws
are the resultant of W0 currents, one a
proper desire of the ommunity to protect
itself, the other a selfinterest of individu-
als or localities thataims to gain special
advantage along wfli the protection. We
need laws because sen are weak and wick-
ed. Our laws are often inadequate and
unjust, also because men are weak and
wicked. If the god and wise could make
the laws it mighf be different. But they
don’t, and they can’t, always. If you
change the law, ht do not change the hearts

of the law mabrs, your work has been

poorly done. You must get at the root of
the matter. Improve the man, educate his
heart and brain, and laws will take care of
themselves. True, laws may be enacted
that shall aid in this process. And that’s
why the legislation of the coming genera-
tion promises to be social rather than ma-
terial in its nature. Men are coming to
realize that the real man must be got at.

There is no magic power in legislation
to cure social diseases. It will aid, but
it is not enough. For this reason the
Grange is strong. It believes that the
farmer should be first improved. The farm,
and laws, and the externals will then ad-
just themselves. The Grange goes to the
bottom of things. While it believes in
legislation, it recognizes that there is a
work beyond of more importance and val-
ue, the work of training true, strong men
and women.

 

THE PUBLIC LIVER.

We are told that a man's disposition and
character depend in large degree upon the
health of that physical organ called the
liver. When the organ is not working
smoothly, all the creeks and squeaks seem
to distribute themselves over the whole
body, entering even into the nerves,
and getting a final outlet through
the frets and worries of the victim. And
whether or no we are just in accrediting
all the fault-finding, fuming, and worry-
ing of men to the liver, makes but little
difierence. For we know that there is a
vast amount of fretting that is uncall-
ed for——we explain it as well by attributing
it to the liver, as in any other way.

What is true of the individual is doubt-
less true of a collection of individuals-
“the people.” There seems to be a tre-
mendously calamitous strain in the voice
of the people. We were recently glancing
through a book called “Social abomina-
tions," a collection of ' essays on the
many evils of society, written by some of our
best known men and women. Undoubted-
ly the facts presented are true,too true; but
the impression upon reading is one of in-
tense discouragement. There would seem
to be not even the ten righteous necessary
to save Sodom. One feels as if there were
no light in this world of sin and shame.

Great masses of the people also give
voice, more especially through speakers
and the press, to the same wail. Their cry
is one against wealth and against the gov-
ernment. It is the groan of those com-
pelled to make bricks without straw.

Partisan papers and speakers give utter-
ance to the same sentiments. They are,
most of them, the strongest “calamity
howlers ” in the country. Nothing is too
dire for them to predict—-no evil too com-
plicated for them to trace to their oppo-
nents.

VVhat is the reason for all of this calamity
wailing? Many of these evils exist——ex-
ist in greater degree than some of us know.
But is everything evil? Is there nothing
that is true and strong and pure? Are we
not inclined to fret about these things too
much? Is not the public liver out of

order? We do not argue against the por-
trayal of the evils that threaten us. Let
that be as free and vivid as the case may
require. But we do protest against an ex-
cess of disheartening complaint. Poor
humanity will not be discouraged out of
the slough of despond, but inspired out of
it. The true psalm of life is a ‘war note of
triumph, not an alarmed cry of defeat.

 

WHAT SHALL THE HARVEST BE?

The farmer sows his seed in full faith
that the harvest shall follow. He plants
and he cultivates, believing that God giv-
eth the increase. The process is a long
one, and implies severe toil, disappoint-
ment, and frequently defeat. Yet in the main
the expected reward comes in the whiten-
ing harvests. But it comes only when the
farmer has obeyed the fundamental laws
that govern plant growth. It is folly to
expect a good crop if these conditions are
not fairly complied with.

Yet is it not true that in Grange work
we expect a. harvest without complying
with the laws of Grange growth? Aren’t
we inclined to prepare the ground illy, to
sow the seed carelessly, and to culti-
vate indifferently? And then we wonder
why the Grange doesn’t grow! Rather
might we ask, why should it grow? We
can not expect success unless we fulfill the

requirements. What are these require-
ments? .

The first requisite is fitting the soil prop-
erly. This can best be done by good thor-
ough work in the Grange. It won’t take
neighbors long to discover what the Grange
is really worth to its members. If sub-
stantial good comes from a subordinate
Grange, those outside the gates will soon
appreciate it. Then the seed must be
sown. Patrons can do this by talking of
Grange work, and the real good it does
them. It can be done too by lecturers
from the State Grange. The trouble is
Grange lecturers are expected to cultivate
the crop as well as sow the seed. But the
cultivating must be done, continuously and
persistently, by the members of the Grange.
They must get the people they want—not
only ask them, but get them. In these
ways, and in these ways alone, can the
Grange expect a satisfactory harvest. It
may not come even then, but it can come in
no other way.

The practical question with us is, shall
we fulfill these conditions this year, that we
may have the increase we desire? We ven-
ture a formula for securing Grange har-
vests, believing that if followed precisely,
abundant crops will be secured: Prepare
the ground during October and November,
by genuine discussion of important
topics, by holding rousing meetings, and
by telling your neighbors about them. In
December and J snuary, after State Grange,
sow the seed, having a care that it is good
Grange seed, true to name. Cultivate as
soon as the shoots appear, and at frequent
intervals until the crop seems ready for
harvest. Then gather and cure at once,
without delay. With proper preparation,
the use of good seed, and thorough cultiva-
tion you may expect to harvest at any time
from February to June. But if you neglect
any part of the work, you need not expect a
crop at all. The preparation of the soil,
coming as it does during October and No-
vember, is most apt to be neglected. But
it won’t pay to neglect it.

And now, what shall the harvest be?

OUR INFLUENCE: A SUGGESTION.

During the last session of the State
Grange, one of the Detroit daily papers,
in commenting on some action the Grange
had taken. hinted that it made little differ-
ence anyway, as the Grange is so weak in
numbers. This paper forgot that the
Grange is an organization and that it con-
tains some of the best brains in the state.
These two factors arm even a body of
small numbers with tremendous influence.
For any action that the Grange may take
represents not only the views of the
membership of the Order, but for the
reasons stated above, is pretty apt to show
forth the opinion of the more intelligent
masses of the farmers. In this fact there
is hinted a further extension of influence
possible to the Grange. The idea has
been broached before in these columns; but
it has not been worked out sufiiciently to
justify anything more than a suggestion.

If it is true that Grange action really
represents the thought of the bulk of the
farmers, why would it not be advantageous
if everybody were made absolutely sure of
of this fact? Suppose, for instance, that
the Grange decides to support heartily a
comprehensive pure food law. It may be
fairly assumed that such action is in
harmony with the opinions of all the
farmers of the state. But if some city
legislator asks us to prove it, we can’t.
He may not be acquainted with the Grange.
He may think it is some “crank” body
that knows not what it wants. Of course
men who have such an idea. ought not to
be in the legislature; but they are, and
they vote. Now if that Grange opinion
were backed up by the whole mass of
farmers, definitely and unmistakably, such
a man as we have noted would begin to
think there was “something in it." He
would know beyond question that the
farmers were after those thieves who steal
the poor man’s substance by selling him
impure food.

How can this be done? That is the
practical question; and we venture only a
suggestion, believing, however, that if
properly begun and conducted the plan
would ultimately be productive of much
good. Why could not there be held, under
the auspices of the subordinate Granges,
large meetings of farmers, where these

-as

 


‘N

1.‘
,.

 
 

OCTOBER 4, 1894

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

5

important subjects would be discussed by
F1911 P08l'»6d upon them? At these gather-
lngs the best thought of the farmer
could be centered upon a few leading meas-
ures of legislativeinteres_t_. and some definite
conclusions reached. The meeting should
take action, the nature of which would be
transmitted to the local member of the
legislature. There would be no mistaking
the meaning of such a decision. It would
carry weight. But even if no conclusions
could be arrived at, the educational value
of the discussion would be high, and the
Grange would not be the loser.

We do not expect that a perfect system
could be inaugurated in one winter, but
we believe that if the strongest subordinate
Granges would try such a plan, on a
modest scale, during the coming session
of the legislature, great good would come
of it. We commend the idea to the
delegates to the next State Grange.

THE LIQUOR QUESTION.

We are fully aware that the discussion of
this question involves the danger that
somebody’s toes will be stepped on. There
will be the liability of getting into the
realm of partisanship. But the question
with us is, shall we permit these dangers
to deter us from the discussion of a ques-
tion of vital interest to us as men, citizens,
farmers, and Patrons of Husbandry? And
here we would remind those who may wish
to discuss the question in our columns that
we do not intend so much that the various
theories of liquor control shall be aired, as
that we meet the more immediate and
practical problem of what can be done
now, today, under our present laws, and
with the present public sentiment,——and
especially what can the farmers and Pa-
trons do.

1. Can the farmers aid in solving the
iquor question? Why not? They have
probably half the votes in this state, and
not unlikely many more than half of the
real temperance votes. Can they aid in
:solving the question! Can’t they rather
solve it if they so wish? Why aren’t they
able to take the lead in the matter?

2. But how? It is not for any one to say
dictatorially that such and such methods will
avail, for no one knows. Experience is
wiser than the dictator. But it would ap-
pear to us that there are three evident and
clear courses for temperance people to
pursue. (1.) See that the present laws are
enforced at all hazards. If they positively
can’t be enforced, either educate public
sentiment to their enforcement or repeal
the laws. (2.) Continue to enact such re-
strictive measures as shall tend to choke
the liquor business. Hedge it about, limit
it, hamper it, discourage it, using the motto
of the “Outlook:” “Anything to beat the
saloon." (3.) Educate all the people, all
the time, everywhere, to the terrible results
of the liquor habit to the individual and to
the nation. Why should not the farmers,
by reason of their numbers, their intelli-
gence, their morality, take the lead here?

3. Have the farmers any interest or duty
in the matter? An interest, certainly.
Because, economically, the money spent
for whisky does not buy food and clothes;
because the poorhouse, asylum, and
prison inmates cause in large degree a direct
liquor tax upon the people,—-for most of
them arrive at those institutions by the
liquor road. Because, morally, the whole
tone of the community is degraded by the
saloon. We venture to say that one great
reason for the superior morality which
farmers delight toascribe to rural life comes
from the comparative absence of the saloon
in the country.

And the duty arises from the power
possessed. If farmers can change things,
they should change them. Because the
saloon does not seem to affect them so im-
mediately is no excuse for neglect. Farm-
ers can not live to themselves alone.

_ We trust that this question will be
agitated. The saloon men are awake, and
apparently gaining ground. The temper-
ance people are asleep, and the problem
grows more diflicult while they sleep.

No breeding and a good horse is worth
more than a good pedigree and no horse.
If one aims to supply the market with ideal
roadsters and breeds from good individuals
of the families that produce the most speed,
he is sure to produce a handsome horse with
as many chances of its being a fast trotter
as though he were bred for speed alone.-
Drovers’ Journal.

The becfure Field.

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION.

I. What salaries should be paid to our state oili-
cers, and under what limitations?

2. Can the farmers aid in solving the liquor ques-
tion? If so, how? Have they any interest or duty
in the matter? [See editorial].

TOPICS FOR OCTOBER.

From the National Lecturer.

OCTOBER.

Er ual t3X8.t10l'1—l’10\V can it be approximately obtained?

Wliat are some of the causes which tend to produce the pres-
ent unequal distribution of wealth?

Does the west offer better inducements for a young man than
the east?

Of what advantages are agricultural fairs to farmers?

How does the literature of the Bible compare with the stand-
ard literature of the present day? Quotations from the Bible
relating to farm life.

Five good farm dinners; what to have and how to cook it.

What is the most profitable feed for cows in this vicinity?

What is the average yearly expense of :1 farmer’s family of
six persons?

Are farmers receivin :1 reasonable income from capital and
labor invested in their arms.

What are “ Woman’s ri hrs ?"

Can farmers afford to uy commercial fertilizers to grow

cm s at present prices?
hat are the best commercial feeds for milk and butter pro-
duction ?

Does the quality of feed given cows have any material in-
fluence in the relative per cent of butter fat in the milk? In
other words does the _quality of the feed in any way afiect the
quality of the milk? '

How does the income of the farmer compare with the income
of other classes on the ratio of capital invested in the business?

The outlook for horse-breeding. Can the business be made
profitable at present prices? A ‘

VVhat is the average price per acre of farm lands in this
vicinity? Is this price too high or too low on the basis of
profits in farming?

NATIONAL GRANGE MEETING.

514 F STREET, N. W.
Washington, D. 0.. Sept. 26, 18.94.

In accordance with the provisions of its
constitution and the resolutions adopted
at the session of 1893, the twenty-eighth
session of the National I Grange of the
Patrons of Husbandry will be held in the
city of Springfield, Illinois, commencing
on “ the first Vvednesday after the second
Monday in November” (14th), at eleven
o’clock a. m. .

The sessions of the Grange will be held
in the senate chamber, state house.

Accommodations for the National Grange
have been secured at the Hotel Palace (as
headquarters), at the rate of $1.50 and
$2 per Clay each, with 35 cents per room
per day for fires when ordered.

By order of the executiue committee.

JOHN TBIMBLE,
Secretary, National Grange.

OFFICE on THE SECRETARY, g

PEACE DAY.

EDITOR VIs1ToB—“Words fitly spoken
are like apples of gold in pictures of silver,”
says the proverb. Hopin the right one
may give us the “fitly spo en word,” I am
constrained to appeal to our Order to ob-
serve the celebration of the birthday of the
poet Whittier, December 17, as Peace Day,
as is proposed shall be done in the public
schools. Believing, as I do, in educating
the youth in the principle of brotherly love,
rather than hate, it seems to me our Order
should have seriously and carefully prepar-
ed programs for the celebration of this day.
The startling fact that the youth of our
country is being daily taught to look with
envious eyes upon the honors achieved by
killing their fellow men by thousands, is a
suflicient reason why every organization
that has for a foundation stone “ the char-
ity that sufiereth long and is kind,” should
do all it can to destroy the effect, and em-
phatically protest against military drill in
school and church. It seems to me ’tis an
insult offered to the gentle Nazarene and a
violation of much that is best in human
hearts, to take the impressible mind of
childhood and so fill it with cruel and false
ambitions. Every Grange in Michigan
ought to hear read in its meeting the stir-
ring words of the editor of the Arena (for
August) on the subject of “ Fostering the
savage in the young,” and pondering well
the facts presented, decide to celebrate the
birthday of this greatest of American poets,
who always sang of “peace and good will
among men.” Why not have a model pro-
gram published in VISITOR for that meet-
ing, and then have postal jottings of how it
was executed?

Yours for progress,

OLIVIA J. CARPENTER.
Dimondale.

OUR STATE IST ITUTIONS.

Continued from page 1.

two or three other states, prisoners, instead
of gaining good time as in our state, are
for good behavior released on parole, sub-
ject to return to the prison if they violate
the conditions of their parole. This sys-
tem claims to aid materially in the refor-
mation of criminals, and to reduce the cost
of prison maintenance. Under the pres-
ent system, when a man is discharged from
prison, the authorities lose sight of him
entirely, unless he again commits a crime,
and is resentenced to the same prison. «

The Ionia House of Correction.

In the main it may be said that the gen-
eral principles of prison management are
the same in all the prisons of the state.
The Ionia house of correction, however,
was intended, originally, more as a reform-
atory for younger criminals. The inmates
are quite largely of that class, though at

present there are a good many hardened
criminals and desperate men. This mixt-
ure, it is thought, militates against the best
reformatory work, as there will be more or
less of intercourse between prisoners. This
prison has a cell capacity of 624, and has
but 466 inmates. There is one contract
with a knitting company, and the state car-
ries on furniture making.

Branch Prison in Upper Peninsula.

This is located at Marquette. The ca-
pacity is 312, and in 1892 it had but 112
inmates. -

Detroit House of Correction.

This is not a state institution, but is or-
ganized under state laws; and females who
are liable to imprisonment in the state
prison are transferred to the Detroit house
of correction and maintained there at state
expense.

Some Figures.

The following are taken from the reports
of the board of inspectors, for the year 1892:

 

House of
State 35388230! Correct.
Prison. Cornet and Prison
Jackson. hum ‘ U. P.
' Marquette.
1. Salaries and wages_. $ .257 71 329.402 55 813.198 99
2. Food 24,051 44 20,567 52 7,435
3. 7,765 (1) 8.744 64 143345.17
4. 656 52 491 74 148‘ 23
5. . 11.118 84 12.196 79 6.390 21
6. L1; 701 01 1,745 39 143 63
7. Medical sI1pplieo._-- 298 27 293 03 409 97
8. Stationary, printing,
............. _,-. 1,050 14 570 20 487 74
9. Amusement and in-
struction ........ -. ‘ 166 33 210 77 280 66
10. Household susplies. 751 Ii} 496 74
11. Furniture an bed-
n ............. -. 177 69 130 27 670 30
12. Improvements and
regairs ._-....-.-.. 817 97 1.308 61 2,577 95
13. Too and machinery 944 24 849 28 497 O8
14. Farm, garden. stock.
and grounds ..... .. 834 99 1,597 32 3,976 52
15. Freight and trans-
portation ....... -. 1,974 44 2,278 68 906 29
16. Miscellaneous ex-
penses.___- . -. 587 71 1,032 99 788 14
17. Industrial training.. 9,970 R) 53,234 65 18.0% 16
Gross current expenses. $102,124 56 $134,948 53 $58,189’72
Less miscellaneous re-
ceipts and earnings.. 114.211 85 57.946 81 11.321 01
Net current expense-
1392 .................. -. ‘ 312.087 29 $77,001 72 846.868 71
Current expenses for fis- ,
081 year 131 ......... -. $122,742 78 $127,049 14 $47,632 78
Current expenses for fis-
cal year 1392..._ ...... -_ 102,124 56 134.882 97 53,189 72
Average No. of inmates
891 .......... -._ ...... .. 7% 344 88
Average No. of inmates
1892---- . ............. _. 787 323 110
Ave No. oflicers and
amp oyés 1891 _______ _. 51 58 23
Ave No. officers and
amp oyés 1892 _______ _. 48 50 19
No. of inmates to each
otfieer 1891 .......... __ 14.4 6. 3.8
No. of inmates to each
ofiicer 1892. __________ __ 16. 6.5
Total ‘No days board
furnished 1892 _______ .. $281,758 $134,280 $45,557
Deduct am't furnished
officers. etc., 1892 .... .. 2,325 11,406 1,839
Net No. of days board to
inmates 1892 ________ -- $279,433 $122,814 $43,718
Per capita of food per
y, 1892 ............. _. 8.5 cts. 15.8 cts. 16.2 cts.
Total per capita cost for
keeping inmates year
1891 __________________ __ $166 90 $348 08 $541 28
Total per capita cost for
keeping inmates year
1892 __________________ ._ 133 23 238 40 529 00
Per dcapita of salaries
an wages per year. per
inmate, 1892 _________ 1. $52 45 $91 00 $120 00
Per capita of food per
year. per inmate, 1892. 30 32 52 27 58 71
Per capita of clothing
per year, per inmate
1892 __________________ __ 9 50 22 70 11 60
Per capita of heating per
year, per inmate 1892.. 14 50 35 00 57 20
Per capita of all other
expenses per year 1892.. 26 46 37 48 281 49
a Surplus.

PUPILS’ READING COURSE.

The committee on education recommend-
ed, at the last meetin of the State Grange,
the adoption of “ Tie graded course of
reading” in use in Oceana county.

The committee submitted the following
resolution which was unanimously adopted:

“ Believing that the mind of the child hungers for
food, and that his rights demand that we take not
from him ‘ Texas Jack’ without substituting some-
thing more wholesome, and believing, ‘also, that a
systematic course of reading is as necessary to healthy
mental and moral growth as is a systematic course
in text books, it is with anxious hearts that we have
searched for such a course. Having examined with
care the Pupils’ Reading Course as introduced by D.
E. McClure and adopted by the teachers and Patrons
of Oceana county, we believe that it meets our pres-
ent needs.

“ We therefore recommend that the resolution
relative thereto, and introduced by D. E. McClure,
be adopted with the amendment that we appeal to
the school commissioners of the several counties to
use earnest effort in introducing said course into the
public schools of this state.

“ Patrons, we ask you to forget not the precepts
of our Order. Give attention to the wholesome and
liberal feeding of the minds of the oung, and with
this feeding mingle pure, beautiful reside conversa-
tion, and you may have reason to hope that when
your boy comes to take his place among men he will be
so true an American that he will gladly reach a helping
hand to a nation struggling for a ‘government for
the people and by the people,’ and never will his
strong right arm haul down his country’s flag.”

Mas. BELLE Rovca,
FRANK S. CLIFTON,

A. A. REED,

FRANK COLSON,
MELVIN SMITH,

E. C. TINNEY,

Mas. E. M. CoI.E.

Committee on Education.

One of the first results of this recom-

mendation was the adoption of the Graded
Course of Reading by llesperia Grange and
school. By this act, the neighborhood about
Hesperia is doing more tc wards the upbuild-
ing and healthy entertainment of its young
people than any other neighborhood we
know anything about.

We hear of several counties and neigh-
borhoods that have adopted this course
recommended by the conwnittee on educa-
tion. This is some of the fruit ripening
into a glorious harvest. The State Grange,
by adopting the resolution quoted above,
placed itself squarely and manfully in the
front rank of educational progress.

The laboring classes have now the lib-
erty they enjoy today through the devo-
tion shown to higher ideals True, the
representatives of these ideals have been
scorned, hung, burned at the stake, but the
ideal marched on helped by a Harriet
Beecher Stowe, a Wendell Phillips,a Lin-
coln. These patriotic Americans were the
followers of a higher ideal of liberty.

What we want to teach the boys and
girls is patriotism, a higher ideal of Ameri-
can life; we can teach this best by giving,
the children in school better mental en-
vironments. Every Patron in the state,
or nearly every one, has ‘a copy of the
Pupils’ Graded Course of Reading, and
by helping just a little, a few good books
may be placed in every school in Michigan.

D. E. MCCLUBE.
S/ielby.

NORTH AMERICAN BEE KEEPERS’ ASSO-
CIATIO

The Quarter-Centennial meeting of this
society will be held at St. Joseph, Mo., Oct.
10, 11 and 12, 1894. It is the first conven-
tion of the North American Association
beyond the western bank of the Mississippi,
and large delegations from the great west
will be present. We hope the east, the
north and the south will gather with them.

FRANK BENTON, Secretary.

FARM ORGANIZATIONS.

One of the best evidences of the advan-
tages of belong to a farmers’ club or a farm
organization of some kind comes from Mr.
George McKerrow, secretary of the’ farm-
ers’ institutes of Wisconsin. He says that
in neighborhoods where the Grange or
Alliance is strong or where farmers’ clubs
exist, the institute workers find the farmers
more ready to ask questions and the ques-
tions asked are of a more intelligent order
than in neighborhoods where no organiza-
tions exist; consequently it is customary
for speakers in such neighborhoods to se-
lect a higher grade of topics.

The associations, debates, discussions,
comparison of ideas and experiences, etc.,
of the Grange or club room tend to quicken
the intelligence so that it not infrequently
happens that the intelligent granger can
give the speaker many points on the science
of farming which he was ignorant of.

Still another illustration comes from a
friend of ours, a noted lecturer, who was
sent out through Iowa to talk to the farm-
ers on economic topics. On his return
one of his city friends said to him: “I sup-
pose you found it difiicult to make your
subject simple enough so the average
Granger could comprehend it.”

“Young man,” said the lecturer in an-
swer. “If ever you get a notion in your
head that you want toeducate the grangers,
let me give you some wholesome advice;
first get well posted yourself, otherwise
they will twist you up in a knot so quick it
will make your head swim. The average
farmer is much better posted on economic
questions than the average inhabitant of
city or village, due undoubtedly to his
associations in farm organizations.”——— Wes-
tern Rural.

HOW’S THIS!

We Offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for
any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by
Hall’s Catarrh Cure. _

F. J. CHENEY & CO.. Props., Toledo, 0.

We the undersigned have known F. J. Cheney
for the last 15 years, and believe him perfectl hon-
orable in all business transactions and financia ly able
to carry out any obligation made by their firm.

WEST & TRUAX, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, 0.

WALDING, KINNAN & MARVIN, Wholesale Drug-
gists, Toledo, 0.

I-lall’s Catarrh Cure is taken internally, acting
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system. Price 75¢. per bottle. Sold by all Drug-
gists. Testimonials free.

Religion and science, after frowning at
each other for ages, not only are becoming
reconciled, but all things are being made
ready for a nuptial feast in the not distant
future.——Henry Wood in Arena.

The law now gives the money capitalist,
if he is not satisfied with dividends, the
right to ask for an accounting from those
in charge before the courts. Why should
not capital that labor invests have the
same rights?—Rev. Geo. W. Hunt.

It is said that during the past winter the
saloon-keepers have done more for the poor
than any other class of ersons. I do not
question that assertion. ut it is altogether
appropriate that they should do a great deal
for the poor. as all the people in the com-
munity do not do as much to make people
poor as the saloon-keepers.—Rev. W. W.

Ramsay.


  

~ ,,-...... ., .. .

riin cameos . VISITOR.

OCTOBER 4, 1894.

PATBONS" PAINT WORKS have sold Ingersoll Paint to the Order P. of
11. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out-

buildings. 10,000 Farmers testify to

their merits. Grange Halls. Churches, School

Houses, Dwellings, all over the land. some of them painted 15 years ago, still
looking well, prove them the most durable.

ATRONS AINT

MICHIGAN PATRONS “Buy direct from
Factory” at full Wholesale Prices and

save all Middlemen's Proflts.

0. W. INGERSOLL, Prop.

Oldest Paint House in America
241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn

ORKS

Ingerso1l’s Liquid Rubber Paints

. Indestructible Cottage and Burn Paints

Sample Color Cards, “Confidential” Grange
Discounts, Estimates and full particulars
MAILED FREE. Write at once.

MICHIGAN STOCK BREEDEHS.

All those who wish to purchase pure-
bred stock of any description, will find
it to their advantage to correspond
with some of the following well-
known breeders.

H. 9 H. HINDS

Stanton, loiitcalni Co
Breeder of
Shorthorn Cattle
American Merino
and Shropshire Sheep

 A. II. 
2’ Ovid,Mich.
Breeder of IMPROVED

-=.%- oiiusiuu wiiiiu SWINE
An¢I.J.incoln Sheep. A chfiiics lot ogogtkocalkl
f t farms ’ 'ces. reedin s
r;!:.ordePd.a Reducer;  on full Pigs. Write,
or come and look me over.

  
 
 

If you Want First-Class

MERINO SHEEP

WHITE BROMBZE TURKEYS

bred from prize winners, of the Dark Bronze, at the
Indiana and Michigan State Fairs, also at the Tri-
State Fair at Toledo, vou can et them of

C. M. FELLO-_ . Saline, Mich.

Hillsdale County Herd
Poland China Swine..<~\

Choice stock for sale at reasonable
prices, and Guaranteed as Represented.

JNO. BOWl)I'l‘CH,
Hillsdale. Mich.

IGIIYRUN STONE

Olivet, Micli.,

Specialist in castrating colts without use of ropes, .

cords, clamps, or fire irons. \V'rite for circular.

Buggy Building 7
Brains

Brought to bear on the best wood and
metal that forest and forge afford have
made DEAL BUGGIES stand out
as the finest fruits of the buggy. build-
ers’ art. New catalogue is' running
over with points and pictures of our
vehicles. Ask for it.

J. J. DEAL ll. SON,

Jonesville, Mich. E

  
  
 
 
 
   
  

161011232 and Station.

GLANDERS.

l Bulletin Maine Station.]

This is a. disease prevailing
, among horses and mules and trans-
'mitted from them to some other
domestic animals and to man.
Cattle are not subject to it. In 9.
very general way it bears some re-
semblance to tuberculosis. Its
presence has often been difficult
and even impossible to determine.
Horses are sometimes afl’ectcd with
it for years, and carry the disease
to other horses without manifesting
any symptoms that lay them open
to suspicion. The disease is con-
veyed to man and other animals
brought into contact with the dis-
eased one chiefly through the nasal
discharges and from ulcsrating
lymphatic glands. Recoveries from
glanders are probably less frequent
than from tuberculosis, and when
transmitted to human beings it
usually assumes an acute and
speedily fatal form. The glanders
bacillus is the active source of this
disease and this bacillus is given off
from diseased animals, chiefly in
the nasal discharge and in
the discharge from the ulcerated
lymphatic glands. Well animals
contract the disease by, in some
way, introducing into their sys-
tems the glanders bacilli, con-
tained in these discharges. The
disease is most prevalent where
large numbers of horses and mules
l are found closely associated in con-
} finement. Here the conditions are
jmost favorable for the spread of
the disease, but as horses circulate
quite freely from city to country
districts, public watering troughs
and feed stables where transient
boarders are kept also have their
share in spreading the disease.
Through this state cases are con-
tinually appearing in such advanced
condition that they cannot be mis-
taken for anything else and they
are killed. How many other affected
animals escape detection and are

cred, nobody can tell, but it must
i be a considerable number. In any
‘suspected case or in the case of
Eany animal where it is desired to

not even suspected of being gland- '

while the vegetable is cooking; or to save trouble, 1
some prefer tying the cauliflower in a thin cloth. 1
An agate or porcelain lined kettle is preferable to '.
iron, which is likel to discolor the cauliflower. t_
The odor is less noticeable if the kettle is left un- “
co\'cred;the water may also be changed to dis el ,
the odor. A caiiliflower should be tender a ter y
twenty to thirty minutes of rapid boiling. If over-
cooked it appears soggy and water-logged.

A good cauliflower, well cooked, requires little
additional flavor beside salt and good butter. Some,
however, prefer the addition of rated cheese. The
cauliflower may also be serve as a garnish for
meats, in sauces, soups, and is excellent cold as a
salad. Many prefer it with a thick cream sauce.

“ Cold boiled cauliflower is very good fried plain
in butter or breaded and fried, or mashed and fried
like oyster plant, with the addition of an egg and a
palatable seasoning of salt and pepper."

The last para ra h is from Miss Corson’s Practi-
cal American oo er . Many other hints may he
obtained from this an other leading guides to cook-

cry.
RELATIVE VALUE OE‘ WHEAT,

PEAS, CORN AND BARLEY IN
THE PRODUCTION OF PORK.

SUMMARY.
|Bulletin Utah Station.]

1. Peas mixed with bran, half
and half by weight, proved to be.
far superior to either wheat, corn
or barley mixed and fed in the
same manner, both as to rapid gain
and amount required for one pound
of gain. ~

2. The wheat mixture comes sec-
ond, with corn and barley following
in order named.

3. The pea-mixture gave a gain
of nearly 200 pounds more than‘
the wheat mixture; 225 pounds
more than the corn-mixture; and
259 pounds more than the barley-
mixture.

4. IVhile the pigs averaged the
same weight, it required .86 of a
pound more of the wheat-mixture,
1.41 pounds more of the corn mixt-
ure and 1.53 pounds more of the
barley-mixture to produce 1 pound
of gain, live weight, than of the
pea-mixture.

5. Peas and wheat proved to be
excellent feed, fed mixed with bran
in the manner described.

6. Reckoning pork at 4 cents
per pound, live weight, after de-
ducting the cost of the bran at $10
per ton, wheat fed in this experi-
ment brought 89.4 cents per bushel,
or $1.49 per hundred weight; peas,
$1.70 per hundred weight; corn
$1.26 per hundred weight; and
barley $1.23 per hundred weight.
7. On the above basis peas
should be worth 13 per cent more

i
I

ythan wheat, while corn should be
‘Eworth 15 per cent less, and barley

* 17 per cent less. :

 

= in mentioned, with

gave about one per cent higher
yield of rib and loin cuts than the
steers.

At the purchase price named and
the selling price of meet current
at the time of killing, the spayed
heifers made the packers a gross
profit of $64.84; the open heifers
$58.12, and the steers $20.45—the
returns that would have justified a.
purchase price of 63 cents per hun-
dredweight higher for the spayed
heifers and 57 cents higher for the
open heifers than the amount here-
the same
margin of profit as made by the
steers.

The rib and loin cuts of the steers
were valued one and a half cents
a pound above those of the heifers

lby Chicago meat dealers, while

English authorities estimated the
value of heifer rib and loin cuts
two cents per pound above those of
steers fattened in the same
manner.

SEED DISTRIBUTION.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS.
[_l.'. 5. Bulletin, I)L‘p‘E1l‘[lllElll. of Agi’lL‘lll[|ll't‘.j

Many suggestions valuable and
otherwise, have been made in the
annual reports of this division
relative to the methods which
should be pursued in order to ob-
tain the best results from the dis-
tribution of seed; but every one of
my recent predecessors has ignored
or overlooked the fact that for many
years no useful purpose has been
served by the continued enlarge-
ment of the quantity of seed pur-
chased annually, and its indiscrim-
inate distribution to those who by
accident or design become the re-
cipients of this gratuity.

The purchase, propagation, and
distribution of seed were begun at
a time when but a few of the now
thickly populated states held with-
in their limits 3. propagating garden
or seed farm. The conditions, how-
ever, have changed, and in nearly
every state of the union may be
found large establishments built
up by private industry and private
capital, engaged in the business of
raising new and valuable seed, and
in the propagation of rare plants,

1 trees, and flowers. 1
In this industry, which is 1101

A No. 1 FARM
HARNESS

Made of flrst-class stock and
warranted. and all land-
lnde. We retail all our
Harness at wholesale prices
and ship anywhere on up
pi-oval and guarantee sstt

f'ii'.iiT'. for Catalogue.
lllND lllDE HARNESSGO
STANTON. MION.

 

is stamped in the best watch
cases made. It is the trade
mark of the Keystone Walt/z
Case Company, of Philadelphia,
the oldest, largest and best-
known factory in the world—-
i 500 employees,capacity 2000
cases daily. Its products are
sold by all jewelers. It makes
the celebrated 7425. Bass F2"!/ed
Watt/2 Cases, now fitted with
the only bow (ring) which can-
not be pulled off the case——the

A WATCH CASE OPENER SENT FREE.

GRAND RAPIDS & |ND|ANA Ii. R.

IN EFFECT JUNE 24, 1894-.
GOING NORTH.

 

 

} No.5 No.7 No.3; No.9
P.M. A. it. P. M. i
Chicago _______ __ 11 30 6 50 3 30 ; __________ _.
P. M. P. M. 3
Detroit ........ _. 8 45 7 20 4 35 . _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ __
P. M. A.M.
Cincinnati _____ .. 8 30 .... __ 8 05 L __ - ____ _,
‘Richmond.__.... 11 25 .... __ 1100 - __________ ._
A.M. A. M. P.M.l
Fort Wayne _.-._ 2 05 8 05 2 55 by __________ __
Sturgis..____._.__ 4 15 10 21 5 17 3 __________ ,_
P.M. t
Kalamazoo .... _. 5 30 12 10 7 20 l __________ __
Grand l{apids,Ar 6 55 2 00 9 15 , A. M. .... ..
GrandRa _ids,Lv 8 O0 4 45 10 2517 00 .... ._
Howard ity.... 9 04 5 50 11 45 J 8 20 .... __
A.M. .
.940 7001235’9l0 .... .-
._ _.. I0 10 7 55 1 05 9 45 .... _-
Cadillac ....... .. 11 05 9 10 2 25 10 50 .... ._
9. M. ,
Traverse City..._ 12 45 l0 45 _____§ __________ __
Petoskey ....... .. 1 40 ____ _. 5 40 K .... ..l .... _-
Mackinaw City.. 3 00 ____ __ 7 00 ........... __

No, 3 has sleeping car, Grand Rapids to Mack-
inaw City, and sleeping car Chicago to Petoskey
and Mackinaw City.

No. 5 has sleeping car Cincinnati tomackinaw
‘ City. Parlor car Grand Rapids to Mackinaw City.

GOING SOUTH.

.7.

. .. t ‘ _ -_ N.6N.4N. *N.0
jknow positively whether the horse; irhe Plgs WP“ pure bred Berk ll u' f t‘ d 1-, H - 3: 0 i 0 i — °1
._ , . h . h 1 d l onger an in an in us ry many; A.M. mu. A.M. r.M.
~ fl-f f .1 d e 4 3 “es: 13 9 559-135 W91‘? 011 V 1110 91‘ 1 ’ ~ Mackinaw City 8 30 2 oo = 9 15
_ _ d t is su ering rom g an ers w now 1 ately good and not eXceSSi"ve_ Yet , thousands of acres of land are 8.11-'pem3key_____:: 12 2,, T4 ,5 j;j;j;_10 35 1::
are stnctnwflgsfi-Itgiagse hiutslgmmentpé 5:, :have a sure test similar In nature », . . .nu,,11y cultivated giving emp10y_ .1~mm..ciey__ _ to 40 5 05 u 6 oo Mu, ____ __
8315,?‘ L0, ,, -9 d‘Yd°'f.“5‘m‘3 {Ito that bv which We determine the,1t is thought that the general run ’ . ‘Cadillac ..... ..Ar  .......... -. 2 15 .... --
for M 0" . ft“ .:1'"«"'S':- dag 6",‘! 3,, - ‘ _ ‘of i S in the tel. itol. W uld not merit to thousands of skilled andl inn. am.
7°“ "°‘-“°"'°‘3 ‘ 9'“ ' “ °‘' °“‘‘‘ °3'“°° 1 resence of tuberculosis. A ver P g r Y 0 1 - . .- Wadillac ---- --Lv 125 800 7 35 2 25 645
to -P Y unskilled laborers The 10 11e-- -
new E_1s'lx,:scAm,ENTER COMPANY . 11 H f h m. 1 b 3.1050 We11_ g -_ P P *R_eedCity ..... __ 235 850 345 335 300
Home egg},-,,, BRATTLEBORO, V-1-” U_’g_ A_ 2 5m“ 911311 1 Y 0 9-_ C ,9, 103 3}‘ ‘g ttors and managers in order to ad- fggwfif 13;,--.--~   1,3    f
§';,§8h*:§,fAQ;5°g=mJ- H0518!“ F0055 207 “*1 2‘’9‘5t3‘11°ed°311§dhm31l‘3‘“ lnlectefil mtoi STEER AND HEIFER BEEF. lvance their interests are ever on Grand Rapids-,—A_r 5 '15 iioo 11 40 3 1'5 10 45
" °“‘°' ' a g an ere orse causes a. rise 0 € _ th 1 t f d 1 b1 _ mm mm:
~ — - l 9 391' 01‘ new 311 V3113 9 GrandRap1ds,Lv 540 1140 230 woo ____ ,_
Y in B tter. Eggs. tem erature and a local swellin l , ~, ' ' ' ' Kg]  7.5 135 425 345 ____ _,
_ Pgulu-y‘,1Veal,Beans. at tfie Oint of the in.ecti0n Whig , SUMMARY or RESLLTS. seeds, glvlng to their propagation Sm8g;§z_<_>_<>_ ____ H 9 10 ____ _. 5 ,3 9 56 ____ __
1’°“*t3,,°°v,H;;‘°°- . P . 3 r t .-4- . as much care and attention as a Fort Wayne__Ar ii 25 A. M. 745 1215 ____ __
fie“-5* G‘,’§,,',, ,,‘},’;,' if the horse 1S sound the smalli 'B““°‘“11°W“5W5‘°“-l 1 ' th - t h if FortWame..Lv 11 45 545 ‘ P-M- 12 &5 .... .-
A to . uc sac ' . - - - - - -I """ " ‘- "" "" "
.. VE  dose of mallein used apparently has! The results and im1i°ati°nS 0* .3332 “$3.1 ‘ii 512?? e%o.e§rb?..£ 5‘-°.’éa‘é‘.?-32% ''''' "  35’ 1   """ "
market p‘:-sice and prompt returns made. no efi(.3ct_ The dmcovery of theltllls 1IlVeBl'.lg8.l'.10Il may be S11II1lJ.18.I‘— f  , d  - , . I “'M' "M' EM‘ 1?‘ M- )
Wm,,,,,,,,,,,e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,.,.,,.o.,,,...y want. _ . . , . .. f I‘11l an some mg new is pro- Lineage ............. .. 710 i 900 200 .... __
'1  Commission ‘Value of ma1le1n 111 d1agnog1ng11Z6d 8.8 0ll0WS: duced the  C V is d ublic _ P.M. r
ullllfilis MORRISON ., Merchants. - iv Th - - 3 0 91‘)? 1119- 9 P Detroit ........ .. 10 as 7 io ________________ __
174 so'uth Water St» Chicago. In. glanders followed 50911 after the} . 8 °pemt1°n°f3p3‘ymgtemp°' through the medium of the trade . . ,.
Bsirmmca—-Meti-opolltan Nat‘ ‘ Bank, Chlcagu. dlscovery of tube!.cuhn_ and Whlle rarlly retarded growth. Three Of Ournals and catalogues and the id:S)I;1l1;iay nights Mackinaw City to Grand Rap-
§************************‘ of less importance, is neverthelggg T3116 heifers were in calf at the lilllle public may receive the bgnefits by No. Zhas parlor car Grand Rapids to Cincin-
-nz   \

     
 
 

, ugeuuiiois;
 e ggggt :

~k;'''''* _ The Beligglg

*6: .' ’ “' I 1‘.-Iluch Super coni.SIu lluaiiurinu *

* I Durable come: in Principle hen/ler *
owl-i

in page rauiu-y Guide and cm.
Ionic. P0l.'L’l'Rl‘ res PROFIT ma» plain. '

4, . _
«Av Reliable Incubator and Broader co..0uincy, Ill. iv
titrktiittttttiittttttttti

BUY YOUR OILS

From anti-trust in ufactnrers direct, AT
WH°..er.Ae.E.l:.*:.IC 0-. 

; er 1 r on;
$livered.n STRICTL HIGH GBA.Upl§. Satis-
faction ' teed. e are the only MANU-
FACTU Ellsofoilsinflichigan.

 0.. C0.,  M...
The 2
Grange
Visitor

3 Months

FOR

10 Cts

SEND IN THE NAMES.

of great value. In stables where
one horse among many is found to
have glanders we can with mallein
make sure that no obscure cases are
allowed to remain.

 

COOKING CAULI FLOWERS.

[Bulletin Mziiiic St:iIion.j

_ The cauliflower is a vegetable
;highly prized by_many, but it is
itoo seldom met with in the home
{gardens of our state. Possessing
lmany of the good qualities of the
lcabbage, it is to a certain extent

_ :lacking in the peculiar rank flavor

t which renders the former disagree-
: able to many people. The delicate
Equalities of the cauliflower are,

‘ihowever, frequently disguised or

lwife to familiarize herself with
lthe best methods of serving. For
;this reason we send with this bul-
iletin directions for cooking the

terial kindly furnished by Miss

Science, Boston.

A cabbage or caiilifloxvcr, unless taken directlv
from the garden, is much improved if so placed
that it can absorb water through its 2-talk for 12 to
24 hours before cooking. Soak zi cuiilitlmver, hezid
down, in cold salted water for an hour before cook-
ing, to draw out any insects that may be concealed.
A small cauliflower inay be cooked whole and
should be placed in the kettle with the fiowerets up,
as the stalk needs most thorough cooking. A large
head should be divided into six or ei lit sections.
Cook in a kettle of rapidl boilin sa ted water to
which may be added one-flourth u a level teaspoon-
ful of soda (the soda aids in softenin the woody
fibre). The kettle should be skimmct occasionally

lost through failure of the house-‘

icauliflower, condensed from me-

Anna Barrows, School of Domestic

of spaying.

The average cost of feed per
pound of gain, live weight, for five
spayed heifers, five open heifers,
and five steers, bred alike, and fed
under the same conditions for
ieleven months, was 5.86 cents in
tease of the spayed heifers, 6.04
cents with the open heifers, and
5.02 cents with the steers. The
average daily gain per head for
eleven months feeding was 2.07
pounds by the spayed heifers; 1.99
pounds by the open heifers, and
2.44 pounds by the steers.

These cattle were marketed and
sold in Chicago for $4.75 per
hundredweight for each of the
heifer lots and $5.75 for the steers.

Eating the food used at current
gprices, and adding all expense ex-
tcept labor (offset by manure), the
fispayed heifers returned a not
‘profit of $13.76; the open heifers
i$0.51, and the steers $64.39. To
each of these amounts should be
added $39.36, one-third of the profit
realized from fifteen hogs fed in
connection with the cattle.

The spayed heifers dressed 62.8
per cent of carcass to live weight;
the open heifers dressed 62.4 per
cent, and the steers 63.2. The
highest percentages made were 65.9
by an open heifer, and 65.1 by a
steer.

Both spayed and open heifers

purchasing the product at the
usual market price instead of wait-
ing two or more years for this di-
vision to drop a package of the
new discovery in their postoflice
boxes.

In view of these facts does it not
appear that the seed division has
outlived its usefulness, and that its
further continuance is an infringe-
ment of the rights of citizens en-
gaged in legitimate trade pursuits,
in which they have invested their
capital, and upon which the main-
tenance of their families and their
employés depends.

Instead of recommending an in-
crease in the capacity of the build-
ing now occupied by this division,
as is customary in the annual re-
port, it would seem to me more
proper to urge the retirement of
the department from the seed busi-
ness, and that the building now
occupied for that purpose be de-
voted to some useful pursuit, more
in keeping with the spirit of our
institutions.

READ
OUR
SUPPLEMEN T.

 

na .

No. 4 has sleeping car Mackinaw City‘, Petoekey
and Grand Ra ids to Chicago. _via alamazoo
and Michigan Lentral R. R., arriving in Chicago
88: Tzlgs a. in. Parlor car Mackinaw City to Grand

i .

0.6 has parlor car Mackinaw City to Grand
Rapids. Sleeping car Mackinaw City to Cincin-
na 1.

No. 8 has buliet parlor oa_r Grand Rapids to-
Chicago via. Kalamazoo, arriving in Chicago at

9 p. in.

Sunday night train from Mackinaw City has
slee ing car from Mackinaw City and Petoskey
to rand Rapids.

C. L. LUCKIVOOD. Gen. Pass. Agt.

The Peoples’ Sailings Bank

OF LANSING MICHIGAN.
CAPITAL, 15o,ooo.oo.

MEAD BLOCK LANSING.
FRANKLIN ST., NORTH LANSING..

OFFICERS.
W. J. HEAL, President,
A. A. WILBUB, Vice President.
C. H. Osman, Cashier.

OFFIOES. %

We tr_ansact a general banking business. In
our savings department we receive deposits of‘
one dollar or over and pay interest thereon if left
three months or longer at 4 per cent.

In our commercial department we receive ac-
counts of merchants and business men. We issue
interest bearing certificates of deposit. If you
have any banking business come and see us.

ARE YOU OPPOSED T0 TRUSTS?
will you Back those tliatliglit them?

Every Farmer says Yes.

Hanows and Eutivaiuisl

of the manufacturer that has spent thousands of
dollars fighting combines.

THE WHIPPLE HARROW 00.,
St. Johns, Mich.

 


‘.'

hx

comes 4, i894.

Trrn ‘G ems  mt.» B.

 

.i.

   

-.x.- .

or‘-.1-'.icIlA.\L mar-:c'roRv

Ofloex-s National Grange.

MAs'rir.n—J. H. BBIGHAM ________ _.Delta. Ohio
DAVI  Santa Rosa, Cal

 

g?
E
ll‘
Pt!-I
L"
"V1
I13
B’
E
E9
U2
E

_ .Bochester, Vt.
S'ricwAim—M. B. ____,______ _,-._Maine
Ass"r S'rnwAizD—A. M. BELCHER Rhode Island
C1i.i1>LArN_-S. L. WlLSON__.. _ . Mississippi
Tnii:Asunir.s—Mr.s. F. M. MCDOWELL..__N. Y.
fll'.0RE'i'AnY—JOHN TRIMBLE Washington, DC.
Gm: KEEPir.B——W. E. HARBACGEL ___.Missou_ri
. . . HONE ._._.Pennsylvania
PoinoNA—MB8. MARY BEARDON ____ .._. nsas
FI.oRA—MRS. ANNIE L. BULL ____ _.Minnssota
LADY Ass"r S'rnw’i>—MBS. AMANDA HORTON

Michigan. '
Executive Committee.

LEONARD RHONE_.Center Hall, Pennsylvnnia
B. R.HU'I‘CHINSON ____ ,___ _ _irgin1a.
J. J. WOODMAN ......... _.Paw Paw. Michigan

Oifloers Michigan State Grange.

MAs'rr.s-—G. B. HORTON _____ ._
Ovnnsinin—M. T. COLE
Lno'rUnnn—A. J.

STEWAED-—A. P. GRAY
Ass"r S'1‘EWABI)—J. H. MARTIN, Box 442.

CnAPL.uN—MARY A. MAYO ____ _.Battle Creek
'TniiAsuaiia——E. A. STRONG Vicksburg
Sx.onic'rABr—JENNIE BUELL _______ _.Ann Arbor
GATE Knui>ii:n—GEO. L. CARLISLE._.Kalksska
. ALLIS ............... ..Adnan
W
_ . .A.L __. ission
f:?li?duA«swhfrii—SM1iis. J.H.MAB'1‘IN Grand Rapids

Executive Committee.

  

    

J. G. RAMSDELL. Chn ......... ..Traverse. City
H. D. PLATT . . . . . . . . . . . . -.-Yi>s11ant1
-1-Hog MAB rieii Center

. E. WRIGHT ..Loldwater
PERRY MAYO. Battle Creek

H. TAYL R ................. -.She1

5- Vi ‘}.‘%§’.%‘E.%‘§.l‘ ------------ " ”‘i~‘il."u“§l°é2S
JENNIE BUELL, l E‘ °‘fi°‘° l ....Ann Arbor

Committee on Woman's Work in the

   
   
 
  
 

Grange.

____________ __B ttl Creek
iii: hill. §i§f3l>%&‘fiinds ......... . .1. Sitar-ton
Mrs. 38119 Royce_ _____________________ -_Baroda

General Deputy Lecturers.

MARY A_ MAYO __________________ __Bsttle Creek
HON. J. J. WOODMAN -- Paw 3W
H (3 _ LU Coldwnter

County Deputies.

D_ H_ soxbbms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.Atwood, Antrlm C .
c. V.Nasb ......... -.Blooxn1ngda1e.r\1lel-Id,“ 1:
R. B. Reynolds... ....... -. “lamb Benita _,

___,Dowling, Barry
Union City, Branc

_.Buchanan, Berrien
. Johns, Clinton
_ ______ __Battle Creek, Calhoun “
vvm, Clm-k____ __Cha:rlevoix, Charlevoix
Charlevoix, Chzirlevoix

 
  
 
  
 
      
 
  
   
   
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
 

E. B. \’V'.ii'd____ , “

Abram Mil1er_ .... -.Dowa;-vac. Cass

is 1-1 0-born , Eaton Rapids, Eaton “
‘ ~ “ . - H

Isaac Russell,_-.-_ Alma. GT‘-“lot
john Passmore__.
E. O. Ladd____El

. . N _ _
§hS,:i_F3,‘3,,,,,_‘:__e_S _____ __Sand Beach, Huron

D: H. En lish _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,__Chandler, Ionia “
F_ \v_ Hag,’-en5___ __Fitchburg, Ingham
J A. Courtright_- Duck Lake, Jacksml “
Hebert Dockery. ---R°‘7kf°"d- K3“ "
James Greasen___ Kall-iaska, Kalkaska :‘
Hiram Bradshaw ____ .-N01jth Bra-1'l.Cl_|i_L3Pe"—l' “
Fred Dean _____ __ BriZht0,“u Ll""‘g5l°“

E. \‘I. Allis___._ ___,Adrian, Lenawee
"Crystal, Montcalm “
__Bear Lake, Manistee ‘

 

D. R.  Amb-erg

jesgie  Vi illiams ____ __Big Rfipsiétlos, Ifigégsntg 
. _ awson--. -.... 1 » _
\’Vill G. Parish ,__Flat Rock Monroe L

_Ravenna, M’uskegon

T. F. Rodgers" v H
W. W’. Carter___ .Aslilarid,‘}4ewaygo “
A. J_ C,-o5by____ __ Y sikinti, Oakland “
Robert Al\vard__ Hu sonville, Ottawa H
R H. Taylor ____ __Shelb , Oceana

D. Murlin_____ Vernon, S iawassee “

___Hai-tsufi, St. Clair “
_Center\'ille, St. Joseph
Robert Treby____ _-_Birch Run, Saginaw
____Carsonville, Sanilac

, Lawrence, Van Buren

John E. VVilcox ____ ___Plyrnouth, Wayne
John A. McD0ugal _Ypsil:inti, \\ zishtenaiv ‘
R_ c_ xonis ____________ "Cadillac, \\ exford ‘

W
O
(T
:1
P’
3’
‘II
x‘

 
Revised List of Grange Supplies
Kept in the office of Sec’y of the

Michigan State Grange

d t t t~ ‘d on receipt of Cash Order
A,f)7esffit1he0Sea‘l(fi;f elmfilubordinate Grange, and the;
signature of its Master or Secretary.

Porcelain ballot marbles, per hundred _____ ._$0 75

ggccretsrws ledge; -------------------------- -- 5;:

nary’ recor .......................... -- -
Tmfigurerg orders, bound, per hundred____ . . 35
Secretary’s receipts for dues, per hundred. _ _ 35
'.I‘reasnrer’s receipts for dues, per hundred. . _ 35

A plications for membership, perhundred._ :50
ithdrawal cards, per dozen .............. .. _25
Dimits, in envelopes, per dozen__ ........ ..,... 25
By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies. _
10¢; per dozen..._ ....... .._ ---------------- —- 15
“ Glad Echoes," with music,
25¢; per dozen..., ------------------------ -- 3 00
Grange Melodies, single copy, 40c; per dozen 4 09
Opening Son Card, 20 each; 755: per 50; 100.. 1 3::
Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees),
jzsc each‘ per dozen ...... -: -------------- -- 2 75
1 male, 5th (I ee,_set of nine._ ____ __ 1 80
ltuals, Juvenile, single copy...
trials Juve_ni1e, per set .................. .. 1
Notice to delinquent members, D61‘ 100-
Anierican Manual of Psrhnnientary La
' t of Laws and Rulings ......... ..
Bo books .............. --,-----. ------------ —- 15
sample package co-operative htersture.__.. 18
Kelley’s History of the Grange ------------ --k 75
W ‘to for prices on gold pins badges, wor ing
tool: stafi mountings, seals, ballot boxes and any
other gi-tinge supplies.
Address MISS J ENNIE BUELL.
Arm Anson. Mrcii.

Farms in Isabella County

AVERAGE ABOUT SEVENTY ACRES EACH.

  
 
 

Beautiful homes, large barns. fruitful orchards,
neat country school houses and churches, thriv-
ing villages and a handsome city, prove the

rosperitv of the people. The schools and col-
eges of Mt. Pleasant are excellent. Oats, clover,
sheep, potatoes and fruits for general farming-'
com, hay and rich pastures for dairying an
stock raising, have made many farmers well off;
rospering, and so can you. Unim-
valuable timber lands, partl rm-
and farms hi hly improve ,.and
or really low prices.
of such property

ease
CY,

others are
proved lan 5,
proved farms,
choice city roperty for Sale

For samp es of descriptions
as on ma desire and feel able to buy,
adifiress C 0K’S REAL ESTATE AGE
Mt Pleasant, Mich.

THE HISTORY OF THE

Patrons of Husbandry.

BY 0. H. KELLEY.

The Executive Committee of the National
Grange has placed a limited sn ply of the above
work, in this office, for sale. The book contains
441 pages, is printed on good pa y. well_ bound,
and has several illustrat__ions. t is a history of
the Order from 1866 to 1843.

Price per Copy, 75 Cents.

On receipt of the above price, a co  will: be
sent, b, man to the party ordering. A dress

JOHN TRIMBLE, Secretary,

- More dangerous than cyclones
are our money panics, confirmed e
' political habits, and the “voting
for men, ” instead of for laws as we
should. The obligatory initiative
would allow the people themselves
to suggest laws that will doubtless
never exist otherwise, just as in i
Switzerland to be finally “referred” 1;
to the people for-their votes.

parrot like, look down upon the
utterances of logical principles f
with “fear” or as empty words,
visionaries meanwhile take alarm
alinyru at the dangerous “heresey,” and

‘are quick to reply with scoffs, jeers,
if not forgetting common civility.

dire thirst for something, “Would
issue paper money, three dollars
for each dollarof coin,” etc.,oi‘ any-
thing else to cater to 8. nomination.

to be first heard at the primary
poorly attended, calls for vigilance,
haste, and two or three active
,, friends, and some mad ha.ir-split-

APANIC sronni noose. _ _

Under partyism some people,

One plebiau aspirant, warped by

To get the Wonderful name,

ting in behalf of self and party.
Under such a. process we get of-
fice seekers and oppressive laws,
not servants of the people in prac-
tice, only in theory. Such would
issue their bonds, as so many mort-
gages, of one dollar each on every
dollar of coin. Outside of bank-
ing that would be declared by law a
bone. fide fraud. Yet such would
be among our United States bonds
and are recognized as such as the
the following from the Detroit
Free Press of March 27, 1894
shows:

“Counterfeit Government Bonds.”
“Vvashiugton March 22. * * *
There are two new counterfeit gov-
ernment bonds in circulation. One
is the $2 treasury note and the
other is a $1 silver certificate.”
[Each was here described]
Remember this class of bonds
pays no direct interest to reward
idleness, hence the strong opposi-
tion to them by money changers
and their taggers, unless based as
these are on fluctuating and de-
serting coin alone, either gold or
silver, not both, only the one spec-
ified on its face and nothing else
in the World.

To send in one of the above pro-
posed bonds for redemption would
leave the other two Without any
base obtainable even in theory.

As for a first, second and third
mortgage, as stated, the first alone
is good in theory, but usually a
failure in practice, the banks take
alarm early and “suspend” specie
payment to preserve the basis when
the people want it.

When all bonds, the small as
well as large ones, are based on the
wealth of the whole country, any
visible coin is a part of that wealth,
hence is based on coin to that ex-
tent like our earlier interest bear-
ing bonds and the first issue of
greenbacks that served us in the
hour of war and bore a premium
along with gold. The small bonds
could again be made equal to gold,
and as secure as the large bonds
on pay-(lay, and no chance for gam-
blers to corner our money, hence
no panics to shrink all values but
bonds and coin as of today. Gold
would go down with silver and be
a drug in the market.
Should 8. man bond his farm for
gold to preserve his good credit, or
a. merchant his goods? If not why
should the whole people through
their hired public servants? What
is truth and logic for?
A national money of small bonds,
without the idle me.n’s interest
clause would serve largely to de-
stroy the importation of foreign
goods and destroy the evocation of
the gold gamblers. and a postal sav-
ings,ba.nk system would put an end
to the head panic makers and the
little bonds would settle for all
time to come the question of home
“.pi'ote.ction ” and necessitate “ re-
ciprocity” or no foreign trafic. It
would turn the gold miners into
non-profitable and self-sustaining
avocations. Our present system is
no security for the future. We
need no party guards nor political
wind for favors but more reform
shelter.

CORD S. CANNON.
Pennfield.

THE EMPIRE STATE.

EDITOR ' VISITOR—Tl1e morning
of September 26 brought our first
frost here in Monroe county. A
white frost that withered potato
and tomato vines and corn that is
yet uncut, but most of the latter

512 F St. N. W.. Washington, D. C.

rains early in September started
the late potatoes, and they were
making a fine growth. The great-

growers, who will lose heavily, as a
large part of the crop was in an
unripe condition.

Fairport has two, are doing a rush-

women, boys and girls. Thousands
of bushels of sweet corn are re- d
ceived daily at the Cobb canning

one day from Macedon. And it is
reported that the same factory has
purchased 60,000 bushels of apples. i
In Hamlin the farmers have raisedl
100,000 tomato plants
Brockport canning factory,
here the amount of peers, plums,
peaches, tomatoes. beans,
are put up and shipped all over the  r
union, is something enormous, andlBlakeslee was then called to the
"must bring a large amount of l s
money into the hands of the farm-
ers.
=per ton to ship away and there are l merit
thousands of’ acres of potatoes for heart.
the" market this fall. Wheat is 1 institutions, schools,
not B. profitable crop and not
is grown, but some rye.
and rye are both looking finely, ;
the recent heavy rains giving them  by our fathers, legacies we are in

a quick start. ‘ duty bound to preserve.

the fairs.

The canning factories, of which

ng business, and give employment
0 a small army of men and

actory, 140 tons being shipped in

for the
while 1 a

Cabbages bring ‘about $10.

l

Just now we are having ideal:

autumn weather, which is good for  opened by several recitations, after
The western New Yorkgwhich the National Grange lect-
his week atlurer, Mr. Alpha Messer, gave a.

fair is under way t

in progress, and Friday Hon.
Charles T. Sexton, of Clyde, the
Republican nominee for Lieut.
Governor is to address the farmers,
with whom he is very popular.

As the result of a high Wind the
23d, 3. great many apples and late
peers are on the ground, and are
being drawn to the evaporators
and, canning factories, or the
oorer ones to the vinegar factory.
All kinds find 3. ready sale, and are
quite plentiful.

Michigan farmers who are try-
ing to “raise that mortgage” by
growing wheat to sell at 45 cents
per bushel should come east and
see how the farmers here grow a
variety of crops, so if one, from
any cause, is 9. failure, there are
others to fall back upon. Variety
is sometimes more than just the
spice of life. '
September 13 was a. big day for
Fairport. Neighboring fire compa-
nies and boards were invited to
help celebrate fireman’s day, and a
goodly number responded, so the
air was vocal during the day and
early evening, but later a brisk
rain put a damper on the sports,
and prevented the grand display
of fireworks that was to wind up
the affair. The fireworks came off
after being twice postponed on
account of rain. There was a large l
crowd out to see the fun. E

The DeLand chemical works are 
located here (where the D. B.l,
DeLand salaratus is made) andi
give employment to quite a. force of
men. The DeLa.nd military band‘,
give very popular Saturday evening l
concerts, and in good weather!
bring out a big crowd.

\Vith the four track N. Y. C. &‘
H. R. R. R., and the West Shore,
the place is well supplied with,
rapid transportation facilities,
while the Erie canal gives slowerl
but cheaper rates. I

Fairport is a lively town of 3,000
or 3,500, with electric lights and
water works, and is prettily situ-
ated among the hills.

APOLLOS LONG.
Fairport, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1894.

THE BERRIEN PICNIC.

The following is extracted from
8. report of the Berrien county
Grange picnic, made by the editor
of the Benton Harbor Banner-
Register.

The Pomona Grange reunion
and picnic for Berrien county, held
at Mars’ Grove last Friday and
Saturday, Aug. 31 and Sept. 1,
was in every sense a success. The
work of the program practically
began on Friday morning at 9:30
o’clock. The work of the entire
day was under the new but attract-
tive plan in which the various
organizations of the county, who
had so responded, were given the
privelege to appear on the
program.

Friday was called woman’s day.
In the forenoon, aside from nicely
rendered selections in reading,

recitations and songs from the
hives of Lady Maccabees of Eau
Claire and Berrien Center, there

crop was safely in the shock. The

 

  

was given an able paper in behalf

of the Legue of Honor of Berrien
Springs, by Mr's.’-J-. H. Royce, of
Baroda, who, in well chosen lan-
st loss will come to the tomatolguage, showed the benefits of an
institution which had been organ-
ized for the protection of home
and loved ones;

of the leaders in Grange work

us a leader in every organization of
the county, where woman’s work
and fertile brains are in demand, is 1;
always recognized.

Grange day. A recitation by Mrs.

much ! charitable
Wheat E can form of government, etc., look- I
ing upon them as legacies left us

Rochester, and is drawing largelsound address to the farmers,
crowds. The Palmyra fair is alsofiing stress upon education as
lkey to a farmer’s success.

gentleman pleased the farmers very
much.
honest farmer with a good healthy
brain, keen thought and a. full
toned voice that holds an audience
well.
Paw, gave 8. very pointed talk to
the farmers about voting for law-
yers for office instead of farmers.
The farmer has as good judgment
on public matters, but hasn't the
glib tongue of the lawyer. He
gave a resume of the work of the
Grange and gave reasons for its
being a secret organization.

Mrs. Royce, who is not only one

uring the exercises. Her ability

Saturday was designated as

ecitiition very prettily. E. A.

tand, and in his eloquent manner‘,

Igave utterance to such sentimentsi
of patriotism as should find lodg-

in every true American
He reviewed the many free

institutions, republi-

The afternoon exercises were

lay-
the
The

He is himself a good,

Jason Woodman, of Pa.w

Thus
ended a very delightful and doubt-
less profitable gathering.

 

OUR COUNTRY.

We called attention to Dr.
Strong’s writings in our last issue
and advised our readers to study
them if possible. Of his book,
“Our Country,” Prof. Austin
Phelps says: Every day has been
a day of crisis. Every hour has
been an hour of splendid destiny.
Every minute has been the “nick of
time.” And this is the lesson
which this volume emphasizes by an
accumulated array of facts and testi-
monies and corollaries from them,
the force of which can scarcely be
overstated.”

 

The statistics of “Our Country”
are simply appalling in their mag-
nitude, and afford a. fruitful field
of figures to one looking up our
national resources. But the
writer offsets benefits with dangers
that threaten American life.
Under the head of “Perils,” he
treats of immigration, religion and
the public schools, Mormonism,
intemperence, socialism, wealth
and the cities.

 

Of immigration, Dr. Strong says:

“Political optimism is one of the
vices of the American people.
There is a popular faith that God
takes care of children, fools and
the United States, We deem our-
selves a. chosen people, and incline
to the belief that the Almighty
stands pledged to our prosperity.
Such optimism is as senseless as
pessimism is faithless. The one is
as foolish as the other is wicked.
It is immigration has fed fat the
liquor power; and there is a. liquor
vote. Immigration furnishes
most of the victims of Mormonism;
and there is a Mormon vote. Im-
migration is the strength of the
Catholic church: and there is a
Catholic vote. Immigration is the
mother and nurse of Ameri-
can socialism; and there is to be a
socialist vote. Immigration tends
strongly to the cities and gives to
them their political complexion.
And there is no more serious men-
ace to our civilization than our
rabble-ruled cities.”

The very progress of civilization

intemperance. We have also seen

Of intemperance, he writes:——
renders men the easier victims of

that under regulation the liquor

'-"'.~.'::...  ‘,9’-« .
the lpopfilation. The alternative,
then, seems simple, clear, certain
that civilization must
the liquor traffic or be destroyed
by it.
death struggle is desperate, and no
man looks for an easy victory over
the dragon.
far west, where the relative power
throughout the county, but who is of the saloon is two and a half
also a member of the state com-
mitte on woman’s work, presided

destroy

Even here in the east, this

What, then, of the

times greater?”

“There are two things,” said

D’Alembert, “that can reach the
top of the pyramid—the eagle and

he repetile.” Dr. Strong remarks:

*—“Under the rum government of
our cities, the reptile climbs.
cities are growing much more rap-
Harvey Cady W8-S Well received, idly than the whole population, as
fter which Mrs. Doane, in her is the liquor power also.
‘Witty style, spoke on woman’s day.
etc., thatnLittle Emma Bridgman gave a

Our

If this

power continues to keep the cities
under its heel, what of the nation
when the
country?”

city dominates the

 

THE ificsxsii srsrrn.

In the last \'1sITl)R Mr. Davis

challenges any one to give a single
churches, good reason for the present license
system. ~

Here is a specimen case from a.

daily paper of the whole history of
prohibition for forty years, no
matter if it is tried in a whole
state, town or nation.
pigs” will get in to answer the
great human Want.

The “Blind

I give this extract to compare
with our license system in Michi-
gan; her saloons are required to
give bonds by responsible parties,
no minors allowed to frequent
them, are responsible for damages,
closing at reasonable hours at
night, etc. Now, Mr. Davis, no
quibling, come right up to the
mark and say which is best:

“ When F. D. Cossitt decided in
1871 to found a city where vice
would not reign and the saloon
would be unknown he selected the
site which is now known as La
Grange. He settled there with
his sons and his daughters and ex-
pended generous portions of his
wealth in making it an ideal sub-
urban town. His sons and daugh-
ters married and settled there and
the place grew in favor and popu-
lation. From the first local option
prevailed.

“On account of the highly re-

spectable class of people who

settled there it was not diflicult

to keep liquor out. There were no

factories or workshops to attract

the working class. As the town

grew, however, the problem be-

come more and more difficult, and
now that La Grange has reached
the size‘ of a small city with 5,000
population the ordinary efforts
failed. It is a lamentable fact

known to every resident of La
Grange that fifteen ‘blind pigs’
are established and doing business,

and they are fast corrupting the
morals of the town. At night
young men, some of the best

families of the town, can be seen

reeling along the streets in an
intoxicated condition. Sunday
people going to church can hear
noises of debauchery and high
revelry in the saloons. Undis-
turbed for some time the proprie-
tors of these places have assumed
a boldness that challenges the
authority of the village trustees to

close them up.

“These ‘blind pigs’ are located
in private houses, in basements,
and in other places. From the
outside appearance the liquor sell-
ing inside would not be suspected.
But the drunken men and boys
which they turn out tell the tale.
Every night brewery wagons loaded
with beer drive into La Grange
with the supply for the next day’s
consumption.” H. VOORHEES.

 

BIGGLE HORSE BOOK.

Biggle Horse Book is number one of the
Biggie Farm Library, edited by judge
Jacob Biggle, a long time and popular con-
tributor to the Farm ffourual of Philadel-
phia. The publishers of this series of books
are aiming to treat in a concise, practical,
and interesting manner the many interests
of farm life, They will be bound in pleas-
ing style, carefully printed on good paper,
and with numerous handsome and well
executed illustrations, so that the series of
ten books, which will ultimately compose
the library, will make a valuable and at-
tractive compendium of farm information.
Biggle Horse Book contains 128 pages,
bound in cloth, with 50 illustrations. Price
50 cents by mail.

This book gives a concise account of the
different breeds of horses, with chapters on
feeding and watering, in the stable and at
work, whims and vices, harness hints, ail-
ments and remedies, doctoring, mare and
colt, the colt’s education, the foot, shoeing.
Everything is short, concise, practical. It
is a little book, chock full. Ifyou want it

traffic increases more rapidly than

send 50 cents to the Wilmer Atkinson Co.,
Philadelphia. '

 


i.

<.

"\."’&'v""“:'. k'i‘?x:\»,»w~.*_,a,‘.gi:; _;.~:.» - I-.-,.'."*_'V“'

~; .~.~ gum-r-.

2
L
i

  

8

   

Nofices of Meetings.

BERRI EN POMONA.

Berrien county Pomona Grange will
hold its next meeting with Sodus Grange,
October 9and 10. It is hoped that Patrons
will turn out in force to this meeting, enjoy
a harvest feast, and plan wisely and well
for the good of the Order for the coming

winter.
W, L. KANE, Secretary.

KENT POMONA.

The next session of Kent county Grange
will be held with Whitneyville ‘Grange on
Wednesday, October 17, at 10 o clock a. m.

The morning session will be devoted to
Grange work. _ .

The afternoon session will be an open
meeting to which the public are cordially
invited.

r-iioonxu.

 xleh-fi4.ri'i2iivevrmrl=e(e-,d.af‘ogebe educated?" S. C.
Petersen I D.Davis, Sister Martha Edison, and
Peet. R’ecitation or select reading. Sister Dean.
" The cit vs. the farm,” Brother Peet a_nd Ca,x'nP3_“-
Song. '1 e uestion, “Strikes and strikers. will
becontinued om last meeting by "¢‘l“95t °f ‘he
Grange. _

Will those who were absent from last
meeting please respond at this one, and all
present will be invited to take part in the
discussions. _

WM, T. ADAMS, Lecturer.

WESTERN POMONA.

The next regular meeting of Western
Pomona Grange‘ will be held with George-
town Grange, Octbber II and 12. Fourth
degree members invited.

PROGRAM.

“ What can we best do to keep up an interest iu
the Grange?" H. (‘ Tuttle.

“ Has love of money more influence upon inan-
kind than education?” Joe. Lowing. “ Do we gs,
farmers ive our bovs all the rivile es we should 5
Mrs. T. ilde. “ Is alroho consi ered in res ect
to its various uses, more injurious than ibene v_:i
to mankind?" Charles Cook. “Which is subject
to the greater hardship, the farmer or professional
man?" Robert Alward. “ How much_and What-
should the farmer read ?" W. M.__)ac uis. “HOW
to make money and how to save it,” . r. Eellows.

" Has novel reading :1 moral tendency? Mrs.
Aliceyacquis.

MRS. E. A. GILLETT, Leclurer.

Grange News.

Correspondents, and all Patrons _indeed, are re
quested to send us postal cards giving some _news
iotting,—anything of interestto you. It will inter-
est others. Please also send short answers to
some or all of the following questions. Help us
to make this the most valuable column in the ‘is

rrou. ,

1. How is your Grange prospering?

2. Have you man ' young peo le?

3. VVhat do outsi ers think 0 your Grange and
its work?

4. What difiiculties do you meet?

5, VVhat are your prospects?

6. \Vhat is most needed in Grange work in your
vicinity? ‘
7 In what wav are your members most lieiietitcd
by belonging to the Grange?

OBITUARY.

Another honored member of the Patrons
of Husbandry has gone home. Samuel H.
Angevine, of Parkville Grange, No. 22,
recently passed away. The Grange passed
appropriate resolutions expressing their
sense of personal loss and earnest sympa-
thy with the bereaved family.

“ He taught us how to live; and (oh! too
high

The price for Knowledge) taught us how
to die,”

POSTAL JOTTINGS.

Send us some jottings.

Brother Wallace E. Wright met with an
unfortunate accident recently, sustaining a
severe fall in his barn. It was a serious
injury, but at last accounts he was improv-
ing.

Atwood Grange, No.69i, Antrim county»
has been reorganized by D. H. Stebbins,
deputy for that county, with Theo. Guyer
as Master and D. H. Stebbins as secretary.
Thev have 19 members with promise of
more.

Union Grange sends 16 names for 6
months each, as a result of a GR.i.\i<;i:
VISITOR ice cream social held last summer.
In L'Iu'ou there is strength!

CAPITAL GRANGE FAIR,

Capitol Grange, No. 540, held their an-
nual fair in their newly rented hall in Lan-
sing, Sept. 27. It was not anticipated that
so large an exhibit would be made, and
consequently hardly room enough had
been provided. The Agricultural College
brought down a large exhibit, consisting of
wax fruits, potatoes, weeds, and weed seeds,
fruits of trees, etc. The exhibitors from
the Grange, while not many in number,
brought in a display of fruits and vegeta-
bles that was considered remarkably good
for this season.

An ample dinner was served, of course,
to everybody present, and there were also
informal discussions concerning many of
the exhibits. Vocal and instrumental
music by friends of the Grange, and a reci-
tation, *‘ The Debating Society,” given by
Brother Geo. Heck, in his inimitable style,
closed the fair.

It was voted a huge success all around.
Many old members were present and de-
clared their intention of again resuming
their attendance at the Grange.

The Grange has recently moved into
new quarters in the central portion of Lan-
sing, and prospects for a healthy growth
seem good.

Verona Mills Grange, No. 667, is in a
prosperous condition. We held our meet-
ings through the busy season with a very
good attendance. We held our open meet-
ing August 2 5. After the literary program
was gone through with, lunch was served,
and a social time was enjoyed by all. Sept.
22, Sister Beckie Burk (Ceres), conducted
the meeting. The hall was tastefully deco-
rated. In the center of the hall was an
arch composed of standing corn and grain,
tastefully arranged. This, with vases of
grain and flowers, presented a pleasing ap-
pearance, and did credit to Ceres. The
program, consisted of recitations, readings,
and singing, all of which were appropriate

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

for the occasion. Another pleasant feature
of the evening was the distribution of some
new badges, lately purchased.
Mus. LAURA HUNT,
Lecturer.

INGHAM COUNTY POMONA GRANGE

Met with Alaiedon Grange Sept. 21-22.
The afternoon meeting was called to order
at 2: 30 but adjourned to evening. In
the evening a letter was read from Brother
R. L. Hewitt, stating the ill health of him-
self and daughter and regrets at his ab-
sence. All the space in the hall was oc-
cupied and Grange was called to order by
the Overseer. Miss Grace Olds led with
the prelude.

Biographical sketch of Brother Forster,
Miss Mary Webb.

“Farewell,” Mrs. O. B. Stillman, and
George H. Procter. Music, “ Only re-
membered."

The altar and chaplain’s desk were draped

in crape. Every part of the service was
well carried out in memory of our departed
brother and chaplain, Hon. J H. Forster.
After a short recess the Grange was called
to order by Master, and then followed the
further program of music. Welcome ad-
dress, Win. A. Olds; Response, A. T.
Stevens, and reports of subordinate Granges_
Master George Procter extended an invita-
tion to Pomona to meet with White Oak
Grange in October. The invitation was
accepted.
Saturday at 9:30 a. m., the following
program was given: Papers were read by
Miss Mary E. Webb, and Mrs. O. B. Still-
man. ]. W. Gifford gave an interesting
talk on life on aTexas cattle range in ’72.
Master Stevens gave a short talk on the
Babcock test as an aid to butter makers.
Recitations were given by Annie
Thomas, Mrs. Clara King, Miss Grace
Olds, Loa Uerill, Ethel Francisco,
and Ray Wiley. Hattie and Mamie Gil-
bert gave some fine vocal music during the
day. Only a small amount of fruit was
shown, it being a new feature of the meet-
ing. Twenty-six varieties of vegetables
were shown by the “Rocky comfort farm.”
All in all the meeting was the best so far
this year, which is saying a good deal.

We will.meet.-with White Oak October
26-27, 1894. 0''

Election of delegates to State Grange and
of oflicers for 1895, will be a special order
for the next meeting.

WM. A. OLns,
l.ectm'er and Sec’_y pro tem.

MAGAZINE NOTICES.

The October number of the Forum
comes with an uncommonly interesting
table of contents. President Eliot, of Har-
vard University, leads with the most pro-
found and suggestive article that he has
ever written, on “ Reasons Why the Re-
public May Endure," in which he enumer-
ates all the principal forces and tendencies
in our civilization, with an effort to point
out those that make for permanence; ex-
Senator Dawes, of Massachusetts, writes,
with interesting reminiscences of our great
orators, on “ Has Oratory Declined?” He
makes an analysis of such changes as have
affected oratory in our life, since the period
of Webster and Clay, and Phillips, and
Beecher; Dr. Geficken, the well known
German publicist, asks, “ Is the British Em-
pire Stable?” and argues that its stability
depends wholly on its ability to maintain
its naval supremacy; Professor Ely, of the
University of Wisconsin, who was recently
“ tried" for ‘economic heresy, states briefly
his views relating to some of the funda-
mental sociological problems of our time
and country ; and Professor Arthur T. Had-
ley, of Yale, wholly disagrees with Prof.
Ely’s views, and criticises his latest book,
“ Socialism and Social Reform.”

The complete novel in the October num-
ber of Lz'fi>z'ncotz’s is “ A Question of Cour-
age,” by Francis Lynde. It deals with a
feud in the mountains of Tennesseee, and
the question of the northern hero’s cour-
age, after sundry doubts and adventures, is
settled to the hero's own satisfaction and
that of the heroine. Mr. Lynde is a‘ re-
cently “ discovered” author, but he knows
how to tell a story.

The vigor with which Mrs. Deland
brings her novel “ Phillip and his Wife” to
an end gives unusual importance to the
October Atlantic.’ “The Retrospect of an
Octogenarian,” by the Rev. Dr. George E.
Ellis, stands second in the number, and will
command the earnest attention of the many
listeners Dr. Ellis won for himself long
ago, not only as a clergyman, but as an
antiquarian. A paper of rare historical
value is the Hon. Henry L. Dawe’s " Rec-
ollections of Stanton under Johnson.” It
presents an intimate inside view of a period
of government life at Washington which
of course was quite without parallel, and
can never lose its interest and significance.

B. 0. Flower, the- Editor of the Arena,
writes a strong paper in the October num-
ber on the increase of the military spirit in
the United States. On the question of
militarism Mr. Flower is a Quaker and he
would like to see in our American Democ-
racy a resort to arbitration and reason for
the settlement of all domestic and foreign
troubles. He believes with Hosea Biglow,
“ As for war, I call it murder;” and he
views the increase of militarism in our
schools and the multiplication of armories
our cities as a discouraging sign that there
still lurk depths of barbarism beneath the
drama of civilization even in America, and
that, as Saint Beuve pointed out, we are
but twenty-four hours from savagery and
carriage. It is an interesting paper.

The recent decision of the apostolic Del-
egate Mgr. Satolli, affecting liquor dealers
has caused so much comment that an arti-
cle on the subject which appears in the
October number of the North American
Review, entitled “The Catholic Church and
the Saloon," is certain to attract wide atten-
tion, especially as it is written by Arch-
bishop Ireland of St. Paul, who has taken
a more prominent part in the temperance
movement than any other member of the
Catholic hierarchy in the United States.

“ Progress of the world," the editorial de-
partment of the October Review «y Reviews,
covers the following topics of national and

international interest: “The Bryant anni-

versary," “ The Elmira reformatory,” “Ed-
ucation for the bar ” “American explorers
in ancient fields,", “ Our Arctic parties,”
“ The Northwestern forest fires,” “ Drouth
and irrigation in the west,” “ The struggle
over Corea,” “ Nicaragua and the Mos
quito coast,” “ Venezuela and British Ag-
g'li(VE[SSl0]13,” *‘ The  sl£upE canal,”
" r. epew on e s e o urope
“ Postmaster Dayton on the British Postal
service ” *‘ Mayor Gilroy ‘on municipal
government abroad,"

the reactionary drift,” “ The New York
Republicans,” “ Peace, war, and Christi-
anity,” “ Industrial warfare,” “ A wet harv-
est in England,” “ The lords and the Irish,"
“Another Irish land bill,” “ Perils of the
Rosebery ministry,” “ Labor and liberal-
ism,” ‘f The eight hours day in England,”
“ Continental politics,” “ British holiday
parliaments,” “ Enfranchised women in
New Zealand,” “ Australian ‘ Notions,’
Political, Agrarian, and Industrial,” and
the deaths of the Count of Paris and Prof.
von Helmholtz.

WEEDS.

At a session of Ousted Grange,
No. 27_9, held August 19, 1894, the
following resolutions were unani-
mously adopted:

In view of the fact that our highways
are 9. seed bed for all kinds of noxious
weeds, and that individual farmers neg-
lect to clean the roads adjacent to their
lands, it being an enormous piece of
work; and

WHEREAS, The law provides that every

pathmaster shall attend to this matter;
therefore
Resolved, That we, the members of
Ousted Grange No. 279. for our own pro-
tection, and the protection of all farmers,
do pledge ourselves to enforce the law
relative to noxious weeds;
Resolved, That a copy of these reso-
lutions be sent to the master of the State
Grange and of county Grauges, asking
for their cooperation;

liesolved, That we ask for the cooper-
ation of all farmers throughout the state.

JULIA A. REED, Secretary.

THE LAW.

The following is the law regard-
ing the destruction of noxious
weeds:

Howell §1419. SEC. 8. Every
overseer shall cause the noxious
weeds within the limits of the
highways within his district to be
cut down and destroyed twice each
year, once before the first day of
July, and again before the first
day of September, and the requisite
labor shall be considered highway
work. Any overseer who shall
refuse or neglect to perform the
duties required by this section
shall be liable to a penalty of
twenty-five dollars.

PUPILS’ READING COURSE.

As adopted in Berrien County.

At a recent meeting of the
Berrien county Grange a commit-
tee was appointed to meet with a.
committee -of teachers, appointed
by the county commissioner, to
prepare a graded course of reading
for our common schools. Follow-
ing are the names of the com-
mittees appointed:

GRANou—Mrs. J. H. Royce,
Mrs. J ohu Clark, Mr. R. V. Clark,
Mr. H. Merry.

TEAcHuRs—Mr. E. P. Clark,
Mr. C. B. Grout, Mr. R. H. Stuble,
Miss Rachel Tate.

This library committee held
several meetings and prepared and
adopted a course of reading, which
will be printed in pamphlet form
with full explanations and direc-
tions.

This course differs in some
respects but not in essentials from
Brother McC1ure’s course, recom-
mended by the last State Grange.
Anyone desiring a. full description
of the course can probabl obtain
it by addressing Mrs. J.  Royce
Baroda, Mich. The following
suggestions are made to teachers
and Patrons :'

HOW TO START A LIBRARY.

The new law gives any district
the power to establish a school
library. Will the school patrons
of every district at the coming
annual meetings remember this
fact and vote to"give your boys
and girls the advantages of good
serviceable libraries? The course
of reading before mentioned should
be purchased first for supplemen-
tary school work. .To be of much
service to the school the books
should be in the school room and
a. neat case provided for them. If
the people will vote for the library
and appropriate $5, $10 or $15 as a
nucleus, teachers and pupils will
be glad to add to the fund in other
ways.

WHAT CAN TEACHERS AND PUPILS
Do?

Very much, by creating a senti-
ment in favor of this important
move, and by raising money with
which to buy books.

LIBRARY DAY.

The commissioner has appointed

 

l

l

i
l

l

“ The movement:
against Tammany,” “The elections and}

OCTOBER 4, 1894.

Potash Produces Large Crops.

Fertilizers containing a high percentage of potash
produce largest yields and best quality of

Wheat, Rye,

Barley, Cats,

and all winter crops.
Send for our pamphlets on the use of potash on the farm.

They are sent free. It will cost you nothing to read them, and they will save you

dollars. Address, GERMAN

KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York.

Friday, October 19, as library day.
Be sure to observe this day by
devoting your energies to plans
for securing funds for books. You
can hold an experience meeting;
sell tickets; have an evening social
or an exhibition. The energetic
teacher will be fertile in resources
for securing money for so laudable
an undertaking, and parents will
always be found ready to support
a. movement that will prove such
a decided benefit to their schools.

MIXED FERTILIZERS.

The common impression among
some farmers that the mixed
fertilizer which smells worst is for
that reason the best, has led in
states where the laws governing
the sale of these articles is not
strict, to the use of cheap forms of
organic nitrogen, that in practice
give poor results. And in these
fertilizers which are compounded
with honest effort to have the best,
the proportions of the various
ingredients are seldom the best.
The New England manufacturers
of high reputation, all put up
special fertilizers for various crops,
and as available nitrogen is that
which gives the most apparent
effect to the casual observer in the
growing crop the temptation is to
make its proportions excessive audl
thus largely increase the cost of
the article, while not increasing.
the productive effect. Dr. Whiteh-
er‘ in the N. H. Bulletin No. 12,
after comparing a number of these
prepared fertilizers and giving
their effects on crops says: “The
conclusion is fully warranted that
more potash is needed than the
prepared fertilizers furnish,” and
that for New Hampshire the
average composition of complete
fertilizers should be 9% to 11%
Phosphoric Acid, 9% to 15%
Potash and 2% to 4% of Nitrogen,
while the average of the prepared
fertilizers on the market there
only give 2-}% of Potash. As
Nitrogen is the most expensive
element in ii commercial fertilizer,
costing more than three times
What the Potash does, it is easy to
see that a small decrease in the
proportion of Nitrogen would add
a. larger per cent of Potash and
make 8. more efiective manure,
even if the smell was not so strong.‘
This same bulletin discusses the
question as to whether artificial
fertilizers can take the place of
home made manure and shows the
deficiency of home manure in the
essential Potash. It shows that
one dollar invested in stable manure
gave only an increase of $3.60
while the commercial mixtures
usually sold gave an increase of
$4.20 per $1.00 invested, and a
mixture in which the proper pro-
portion of potash was used gave
an increase of $7.00 for each $1.00
invested.——W. F. Massey.

Read our Supplement.

If you have not yet procured one of
those pretty watch case openers, get one
from your jeweler, or send to Philadelphia.
They are furnished free by the Keystone
Watch Case Company. Besides making
a handsome charm for your chain, they
save your finger-nails and knife-blades.
The Keystone Company is the largest of
its kind in the world, and makes all kinds
of cases, from the low-priced nickel to the
most expensive solid gold. Its great spec-
ialty is the Jas. Boss filled case. Jas. Boss
invented and made the first filled case in
1859, and many of the cases then made and
worn since are still intact. Later the Boss pat-
ents passed into the hands of the Keystone»
Watch Case Company, which has the sole
right to make these cases. Boss cases are
known to all jewelers as the standard, after
which all other filled cases are patterned.
All Keystone cases, Boss cases included,
have the far-famed Non-pull-out bow or
ring. It is the only bow that is securely
fastened to the case, and can only be had
on cases made by this Company. It pre-
vents loss of the watch by theft and
injury by dropping. These cases are hand-
led by all jewelers, as the Company itself
does not retail.

WfIIPPLE’S SUPPLEMENTARY

Adjustable Wide Tire

FOR FARJII IVA GON S.

 

 buis acomplete set (including the
_ 0 tig tenet T) of STEEL TIRES 4%
inches wide, warranted to carry 4,000 lbs..
that can be put onto the wheels of any farm
wagon over the narrow tire. and can be attached
or de_t.ached by one man in twenty minutes. In
ordering give diameter of wheels. 3

E. E. WHIPPLE, St. Johns, Mich.

The Honey Creek Grange Nurseries have
been under contract with the State Grange of
Ohio for over ten years, and have dealt exten-
sively in Indiana and Michigan also. Special
prices sent _to anyone under seal of the Grange.
Give us ii trial. We can save you money. Address

Isaac Freeman & Son, Rex, Ohio.

I. Strawberry,  Pear.
Blackberry, Apple.
Currants. Goose rry. Peach, Chestnut,
Asparagus,Grupes. Walnut. Send for

Catalogue.
J. S. COLLINS’ SON, Moor-estown, N. J.

To Exchange, Flourlng Mill.

First-class water power. Lively town.
Fine farming country. Doing large
business. Will trade for a good farm.

Address
LOCK BOX 18,
Byron, Mich.

 

PRESSES OF ROBERT SMITH & CO.,
LANSING, KICK.

is a book containing illustrations, prices and
descriptions of 30,000 articles in common use,
a book that will show you at a glance if you
are paying too much for the goods you are

now buying,

WORTH ANYTHING TO YOU?

ls it worth the 15 CENTS in stamps re-
quired to pay postage or express charges on a

copy?

THE BUYERS GUlDE AND CATALOGUE (issued
every March and September) is the book we

are talking about: you

are not safe without a

copy of the latest edition in the house.

MONTGOMERY WARD 6’: CO.,

llltolI6

Michigan Ave., Chicago»

In writing mention Tun GRANGE Visrron.

“-9‘ ..