is VOL. XIX, N0. 20. “?rrrII«3mzr«j.:i‘_1!eAJ£irI£1g is OF MORE (JONSEQ UENCE THA I THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.” 0 . - .‘ 0 ego WHOLE N0. 452. *0UR STATE INSTITUTIONS. . School for Boys, Home for Girls, and State Public School. [VVe invite our readers to ask any questions they may wish in regard to the details of work, conduct, or expense of any department or institution which we have already described in this series of articles. \’Ve shall be lad to reply to the best of our ability, through the Visi'roi(.]g The Industrial School for Bovs. This institution, formerly known as the Reform School for Boys, was established at Lansing in 1856. The governing board consists of three members appointed by the governor for terms of six years. Boys between the ages of ten and sixteen, when convicted of any crime against the statutes not punishable by life imprison- meiit, are sent to this school, to remain until they are seventeen years of age, or until discharged for good behavior. Tru- ancy has been made a crime, in the eyes of the law, and truancy and simple larceny are the most frequent offenses for which boys are sent to this school. The aim of the school is to make honest self-supporting citizens. The boys are taught the common school branches and the elements of some trade. When a boy first comes, he is cleaned up, dressed in a clean and neat suit of gray, put on his honor, and made to feel that he is of some importance. Boys attend school half a day and work half a day, half attending school in the foreiioou and half in the afternoon. The school is graded up to about the seventh grade. Many of the pupils have to be started with their letters. Each teacher has charge of about forty pupils. When the boy first comes he is set at work doing odd jobs, cleaning rooms and balls, in the kitchen and laundry. etc. After a few weeks of such work he is told that he can choose some trade. He looks the ground over, talks with the boys, and chooses. Once he has made his choice he is not allowed to change unless the trade is one manifestly incompatible. The trades taught are printing, carpentry, tailoring, shoemakirig, baking, and farming. The three former are the favorites, and the boys seem to succeed the best in them when they get out. The School owns a farm of 280 acres which raises all of the vegetables used at the institution, and keeps forty cows. These furnish the milk supply. All the work on the farm is done by the boys; there being from ten to one hundred employed in that way. The average age at which boys enter is about thirteen. The average time of resi- dence is approximately two years. The board has power to discharge a boy before he is seventeen, but the usual method is to send him out on parole. If he has a good home he is encouraged to return there. If not, the superintendent finds a home for him, preferably in the family of a farmer. There is usually no difficulty in this, as there are always more applications for boys from this source than can be filled. The boys in Detroit, of whom there are usually from fifteen to twenty-five, meet the super- intendent every two months. In other counties the boys report monthly, or bi- monthly, to the county agents. In this way the history of the boys is known. The system. seems to be a su 3cess, very few boys being returned because of bad behavior. Contrary to the impression of many people, there is no wall or high fence about this institution. The boys sleep in laige rooms, about twenty-five in a room, andyat night are locked in. In most of the rooms there is nothing to prevent a boy from getting out of the window, if he has a rope or can tie two sheets together. In some of the rooms there are stout screens at the windows. In contrast with this freedom, and as illustrating the older ideas in reformatnry methods, there is standing the original building, erected in 1850. It has small, cell-like rooms, with high, nar- row, iron-barred windows—-a veritable miniature prison. There are few escapes, and not many attempts. The discipline is strict but not harsh, corporal punishment being resorted to when it is adjudged a positive benefit to the obstreperous. Boys are never deprived of meals as a punish- merit. -In connection with this read “ The wards of the state,” on Page 5- LANSING, Mltlllllfil, ()CT()BEl{ 18, 1894. There is a. Sunday school at which at- *t‘;’,:‘C~‘,f:‘f€P6'5 “$300 --------------------- -- $213: 3 tendance is compulsory, and a chapel serv- iewirgz fizie»ci»er.ffIIZiIfiITIfIIZ LI ‘zoo oo ice_Sund_ay afternoon, also_compulsory, at - °.'._“ ° .F'":::-- fggg which time some Lansing clergyman Erzmeer .... .. . 350 oo _ _ l- ireman ..... __ _ _ 540 00 preaches. There is a library of 3,000 vol- fyrmfir 600 00 umes, well patronized by the boys. Ffiffi .{7j',§’,,‘,:'_ ________________________ __ :2‘; 33 There is 3 capacity for inmates; at Te‘-'~m5'-61' ........................... .. 42000 present there are 470. Since its esta,blish- Total __________________________________________ __5.,,9..5 0., ment there have been sent_out @208: boys. ,,A,,,,,,.,G,, 0,. THE G,,,L,,_ Many of these are occupying positions of honor and infiuence. _Few have been com- F,,,,,,,,._ lM0,,,,,,_ Both I Total. mitted to Jail or prison for subsequent j. offenses. Most of them have been rescued 0,.,,,,,med__________> __ _} ,1 from lives of crime and converted to lives {1“”"rvh*m9d ---- -- 33 33 l ........ .1 6* ilegitiinate, ________________________ __ l ________ __i 7 of usefulness. | = Deserted by_________ 5 4 1 t 10 cosr. Criminal _________ __ 3 1 l 4 _ _ Insane ____________ -. 1 3 ________ ,_| 4 The legislature appropriates $56,000 a Euuepfic _________ N 2 1 ________ H 3 year for current expenses. The following lntezuperate ...... _. 49 | 16 , _______ __ es Divorced ____________________ __l _______ __ ________ __ 253 figures, from the report of 1892, is an analysis of receipts and expenses for fiscal year 1892: D535?" Receipts. Salaries and was _ $14,476 30 _________ __ I Food __________ __ Laundry -expenses Heating .......... . . Light’. ....... . _ Medical supplies _______________ __ Stationery. printing. etc._._- Amos»-ments and instruction 90d 73 6 09 Household supplies _______ __ 1,680 2.3 __________ __ Furniture and bedding .... __ __ 2,13’: 47 5 00 Improvements and repairs ________ __ 1,840 01 __________ ,_ Tools and machinery ...... 215 26 ___. _ Far_m, garden, stock and grounds.-. 4,518 59 1,399 28 Freight and transportation _______ __ 1.4 22 68 GA 36 Miscellaneous expenses . __ , 1,269 5;’. 959 ['5 Industrial training expenses _ 4.994: 23 6,676 36 Special appropriations ___________ __ 9,426 74 __________ _, Totals ___________________ __ $70,657 36 $9,172 23 Receipts from state treasurer-_ .____ .____._____. 6I,>n5 U0 Balance commencing fiscal year.-__. .. . 7,232 35 Balance close of fiscal year ________ __ 7,622 22 _________ -. . . . . ‘.71 Totals ......................... -_' $48,279 58 i $48,279 55 The Industrial Home for Girls. This Home was opened in 1881, and is organized on a similar basis, and for similar purposes as the Home for boys. Girls who have committed some crime against the statutes are sent here, if between the ages of ten and seventeen. The aim of the home is to make of these wayward girls good, capable, Christian women, fit for homes of their own. An endeavor is made to teach every girl to be- come proficient in all household work. in kitchen, laundry, and chamber work; plain sewing and mending; and even light garden and farm work, as among the flowers and on the lawn, in the potatoes and berries, and among the poultry. In the laundry the washboard is used purposely, that the girls may know how to do washing in the family. If apt, they can learn the trade of dressmaking while in the home. The girls are sent to school in the after- noon, and are taught the common branches up through the sixth grade. When girls are considered as properly prepared to go out from the home they are contracted out on what is practically a parole system. The county agent finds suitable homes for then, preferably among farmers, and the girls are sent for six months on trial. If the arrangement is satisfactory to both parties, the contract is renewed. There are six cottages, each cottage hav- ing a manager, a teacher, and a house- keeper. The manager has general charge of the girls in that cottage, including the sewing; the teacher also assists in theg -v- ernment and the care of the rooms, besides her duties in the school house; the house- keeper has charge of the cooking and the dining rooms. There is a pretty chapel, where ond Sun- day morning the Sunday school is held, the lesson being studied the evening before, and where afternoon services are conducted by the pastors of the different churches of the city. There are 93 acres of land in the school farm, which supply most of the vegetables, fruit, and milk The following figures are from the report of 1892, and are self-explanatory. PAY ROLL. 33 Prostitution _____ __ Superintendent ___________ .. .... $i,0o0 00 Assistaiit Supt. and clerk.. _ 500 00 Office assist-.uil.__.___,,___. 4:0 00 Cottage m:inager.,.. -----. . . _ _ 5 00 5 cottage managers at $350. ._ i,75o 60 Assistant cottage manager. ... . . 300 00 6 teachers at $300 .................................. .. i,Soo 00 SHOWING oiusirs or COMMITMENT THE PAST YEAR (1892). Frequenting saloons __ Receiving stolen good Perjury ............. .. Larceny ._____. ... Disorderly conduct ........ .. Wayward and unmanageable. Truancy .. _. Vagrants (tramps) _ gl H mid ©€&O=~)®<fiv-dv-n- Total __________________________________________ __ Of this number twenty- six were inteuipei-ate. The number now in the home is 250. The cost to the state is $35,000 a year. The inventory is $175,000. The home is governed by a board of con- trol of three members appointed by the I governor for-terms of six years. The State Public School. This institution, located at Coldwater, was opened in 1874. It is managed by a board of three members appointed by the .*.'}ovei'.nor for terms of six _vea.rs. The school is established for the benefit of those children between the ages of one and twelve who are dependent because of poverty or orphanage, or who are ill-treat; ed and are in improper surroundings. They must be of sound mind and body; an(l as a matter of fact the inmates are a bright lot of children. The primary object of the school is to give these children proper mental and moral training while suitable homes are being found for them. They are not kept longer than is necessary to perform this preliminary work. To attain this end the children are put in cottages, with pleasant, homelike surroundings, given such work as they can perform, taught as they would be in the public schools, and in general given as nearly as possible the treatment they would receive in a good family. There are nine cottages, each presided over by a matron, and containing families of twenty to thirty. The daily routine will give a good idea of the methods used. Rise at 5:30; make the beds, dust, clean up. Break- fast at 6:li0. The older children are then detailed to dodining room work. At 8:10 there is a play hour of forty minutes. Chapel at 8:50. lasting one half hour, and consisting of Bible reading, singing, etc. There is school until 11:30. There are six rooms or g ades, two of which follow kin- dergarten methods. Occasionally a child is sent to the city schools when he pro- gresses beyond the sixth grade. The aim is to get the best teachers. Dinner at noon, and the work to do up. Dining room work is done by boys. There is 9. play hour after this, and school again from 2 till4:1€0. Play hour till 5:30. At 7 the younger ones retire. The others play for awhile in sum- mer; in winter the cottage managers read to them. There is a Sunday chapel from 10:30 to 12, at which the teachers read articles or give talks, together with singing and repeating Bible verses. At 3 there is a regular Sunday school. The present attendance is about 220, of whom ISO are boys. More than this propor- tion of girls is received, but the girls are more freely taken into homes than the boys. The average age of pupils is eight years. The county agents endeavor to place the children in suitable homes. Country homes are preferred. Applications are made to the county agent, who examines the home, and if he finds it suitable he places a child therein. He makes frequent visits, and this supervision is kept up until the child is considered self-supporting. The state agent of the school is largely Continued on page 4. TAXATION [N MICHIGAN. E. J. WRIGHT, TAX DEPARTMENT, AUDITOR Gi~:NEaAL’s OFFICE. IV. Section 10 of article XIV of the consti- tutioii of Michigan provides that “the State may continue to collect all specific taxes accruing to the treasury under existing laws," and that “the legislature may pro- vide for the collection of specific taxes, from banking, railroad, plank road and other corporations hereafter created.” It is not my purpose to enter upon a discus- sion of the policy of the state in the collec- tion of specific taxes, but only to call atten- tion to the fact that that policyis older than the constitution. The property of corpora- tions required by law to pay specific taxes based upon income or earnings, is very generally exempt from assessment. Such corporations as are subject to specific tax- ation are required to report their capital or earnings, and the tax is levied by the Auditor General, upon the basis provided by law in each case. The rate is fixed by statute, and the Auditor General has no dis- cretion or option in the matter, but is re- quired to collect the amount levied. The sum realized from such taxes is used in payment of the interest on the educational funds, and cannot be used for any other purpose. EXEMPTIONS. In the third paper of this series, the consideration of exemptions under the general tax law was pricipally confined to real property; but the law exempts much personal property. The exemption of the pei sonal property of benevolent, charitable, educational and scientific institutions in- corporated under the laws of this state ex- pressly provides that “such exemptions shall not apply to secret or fraternal societies, but the personal property of all charitable homes of such societies shall be exempt.” The personal property of libra- ries and reading rooms supported by the public and not used for gain is exempt, and so is that of the G. A. R., S. O. V., W. R. C., Y. M, C. A., Y. IV. C. A., VV. C. T. U., Y. P. C. U., and similar oiganizations -—iiot organizations assuming a similar name merely, but organizations of similar character. All property owned by Indians who are not citizens is exempt. So is the equipment of fire companies. PENSIONS. The exemption of “pensions receivable from the United States” has been claimed to exempt all the property of a pensioner, if it was derived from pension money received; for instance. a home or stock of goods purchased with pension money. I am not prepared to admit this. “Articles imported from foreign countries, the duty thereon having been paid, do not lose their character asim ports so as to become subject to state taxation as a part of the mass of property within the state until they have either passed from the control of the importer, or been broken up by him from the original cases.” (Cooley on Taxation, 90.) I believe a similar rule should be applied in the construction of the provis- ion oflhe tax law which relates to pensions, and that so much of a pension actually received as has become merged with the other property of the pensioner at the time of assessment is not exempt. I am one of those who would be glad to see those who saved this nation exempted from all public burdens, but I am dealing now with the tax law as it is. FAVORS TH E POOR. I have before indicated my lack of sym- paihy with the idea prevalent among many people, that the tax law favors the wealthy and is disproportionately oppressive to the comparatively poor. I ask careful con- sideration of the remaining exemptions to be referred to. First, from all credits must be deducted the debts of the person assessed. If there is $5,000 due you upon notes, book accounts or other evidence of indebtedness, and you owe $4.000, the amount of your credits upon which you may be assessed is but $1,000. Second, the household furniture, provisions and fuel of every household is exempt to the value of $500. Third, the library, family Continued on page 5. Field and Siock. MANURE FOR FRUIT. R. W. KELLOGG. The preparation of land for spring set- ting of fruit trees or plants should be be- gun at as early a date as possible. If the ground was heavily manured a year ago and is in a reasonably high degree of fer- tility nofurther man urin g may be desirable, but if otherwise the ground should be as deeply plowed as possible at once and harrowed, leaving it loose. Then spread the manure on the surface and cultivate it in merely enough to mix it with the surface so that the rains will wash it out and in- corporate it with the soil so that every root will find an abundance of food when growth starts in the spring. In no case must it be left in piles for any considerable time. Plowing late in the fall brings up many insects as well as their eggs, and when ex- posed to the rigors of the winter they per- ish in great numbers. Wood ashes should, if possible, be sown in the fall very evenly so the caustic prop- erties may be reduced by mixing with the soil.’ When growth begins in the spring the efiects of the potash will be seen in dark green foliage, and if an abundance of nitrogen is present a vigorous growth will start at once and be maintained under good culture throughout the season. RICH SOIL. iWe have urged for strawberry culture especially rich soil, and many growers put too much emphasis on “ rich,” and worked so much manure into the ground as to do serious injury. It’s hard to get people to understand that ground may be full of nia- nure aiid yet not be rich. ‘ lich” means that the ground is bounteously Supplied with available plant food. Manure is not available until thoroughly decomposed and has become soil itself’, hence when raw nia- nure is plowed un;ler without leaching into or mixing it with earth it may do positive injury , ‘inasmuch as it must undergo fer- mentation in order to rot, and this renders it rank poison to the roots of a plant if it comes in direct contact with them. I am satisfied that fruit growers must resort to subsoiliiig if we are to meet such excessive drouths as have prevailed during the past two years. It has been urged that this should be done in the fall, but while I have had no actual experieiice I believe it is a mistake. The heavy rains of late fall, winter, and spring would drive the parti- cles of earth together so close that capil- lary action would be as vigorous as ever. For setting either trees tr plants the fall plowed ground should be deeply worked again in the spring and pulverized to the bottom of that loosened by the subsoil plow. If ground bone or “ ineat fertilizers,” such as compounded at the slaughter houses, are to be applied, I should prefer to put them on in the fall for reasons stated. The idea that iii:-inure leaches into the subsoil to any extent I believe to be a mis- take, unless, perhaps when applied in ex- cess of plant requirements. l\Iodei'ately rich land, highly culivated, is what makes fruit instead of foliage. Izmiu. l’0T.\’l‘0ES AND THE l)ROL'TH. H. P. GLADDEN. For five successive years potatoes have been but a partial crop. The year 1559 was a favorable one for potato-growing, and the yield, in general, was much above the average. This was due to the more equal distribution of. rainfall during the months of July and August. In 1890, "Jl, ’9Z, and ’93 the rainfall came in the spring and early summer, and the months of July and August were hot and dry. The season of 1894 has been a somewhat remarkable one so far as the amount of rainfall is concerned. The whole of rain falling thus far in the season is above the average, but the distribu- tion has been very uneven for the several months. April and May had far more than the average amount while July and August had much less. _ The past season was a good one for bring- ingout more strongly some points regarding potato growing mentioned in a previous article in this paper. Those who planted their potatoes early had the tubers pretty Well matured before the severe drouth could affect them. Plantings made about the middle of May, the usual time. of p_lant_ing with many farmers, came on just in time to feel the full effect of the dry, hot weather of August, and a very small crop was the result.‘ Again, potatoes planted the middle of J mic, or even later for some sections, re- ceived some benefit from the fall rains, and a fair crop was often obtained. The point, then, is this, plant early and mature the crop before the dry weather can affect it, or delay the planting time and so get the benefit of the fall rains. _ _ As previously stated, the spring rains were abundant. Enough moisture fell at that time to mature a good crop of potatoes could it have been retained in the soil and used for the purpose. By too many potato the early rains are allowed to The field is plowed in furrows and growers, waste. THE GRANGE VISITOR. allowed to remain in this condition, when an immediate harrowing would level the soil and prevent a large amount of moisture from escaping. Then, a deep, well-filled soil is much more retentive of rainfall than one poorly prepared for the crop. How- ever, the best method of holding the water in the soil ready for the use of the plant, is by frequent and shallow cultivation. This is the secret of many a potato-grower‘s success, especially true in a season like the past. LEVEL CULTURE Vs. THE HILLING PROCESS. It would seem that the experience of the past few years would teach the observing farmer the effect of throwing up a high furrow against the hills and leaving a deep hollow in the center of the row. Investi- gation would show that the roots of the - potato extend much farther from the plant than is generally supposed. In the space between the rows is where the large portion of the fine rootlets derive nourishment to support the growing tubers. By the hill- ing process these roots are brought near the surface and exposed to the drying heat of the sun. Also, by hilling up much more soil surface is exposed to the air than by level culture. In a dry season this is an important point. Again, when potatoes are hilled, cultivation to a large extent, must cease; by the other method cultivation may be extended for a later period. Cultivation if shallow cannot injure the roots, and con- tinuing the use of the cultivator much later than is generally practiced could be profitably done. The results of 1894 continue to prove the effectiveness of the corrosive sublimate treatment for the prevention of the potato scab. Agricultural College. SWINE NOTES. A. H. WARREN. Soak your wheat at least 12 hours be- fore feeding it to the pigs. Rye sown now will make an excellent spring pasture and do much towards giv- ing the pigs a good start in the early spring. If you have not commenced to fatten the pigs, do so immediately, as it will take much iless feed now to produce 100 pounds of pork than when cold weather sets in. If you have ‘not as yet made a selection in a boar to use this fall, lose no time until you have, as you will have more to select from now, than later on. , _, Select your young brood sows before putting them in the fattening pen and feed them food to produce bone and mus- cle rather than fat. Keep your boars apart from the sows; give one good service and you will have stronger, healthier, and larger litters to compensate you for the extra trouble. If you have fall pigs to see to, don’t allow them to lie in the corner of the fence, but provide a suitable, dry, warm, pen for them to sleep in, and also a board floor to feed on, for feed thrown in the mud is practically money thrown away. Uz'z'd. ’l‘HE BE EKEEPER. Uiiilnislied Sections in the Fall; What we shall do With Them. GEO. E. HILTON. This is one of the queries to which I have given much study, and have experimented in different ways. It is a dreadfully dauby, unpleasant job to extract a thousand or more sections, and unless they are set back upon the hives to be cleaned up by the bees they are all stuck up with granulated honey in the spring that the bees can’t use and don’t like to clean up. In fact I would rather have a section of good fresh founda- tion than such a dauby one. The next worse thing that I have found is to place these unfinished sections back on the hives in the spring just as they are taken off in the fall, as some of the honey has soured, some of the cells are granulated solid, some of the combs are cracked as the result of frost and cold. All things considered I think it one of the most discouraging and disagreeable tasks we can impose upon our bees. TO SAVE WORK. By accident I discovered that the chang- ing or moving of sections in the fall had a tendency to cause them to carry the honey below. I caught on to the hint and now have no trouble in making them carry it all below when and where I want it, leaving the sections in the best possible condition for another season. As I am usually very busy, I try as often as possible to kill two birds with one stone, so I take off my last honey and as far as possible prepare my bees for winter at the same time as follows: Commencing at the first hive in the first row, I remove the surplus crates and zinc honey board, examine the brood nest to see if they need stores and how much; if none they are then provided with the chaff cushion and are ready for win- ter. The crates of sections are taken to the honey house, and then and there emptied, the salable ones put away and the rest that contain honey are un- capped and set backinto the crate, and those containing no honey crated up by them- selves and put away for another season. This process is continued all through the apiary with this exception:whenever I find a colony that have not enough stores they are given enough of their unfinished, uncapped sections to make up the deficiency, and I have never failed to have it all carried down and the combs all left bright and clean as new dollars and in readiness for another season. It is a little slow and tedious, but when you get through you have a big job off your hands all at one effort. I find you may leave the sections un- touched until December, and they will not carry the honey down, many of them not even the uncapped ones, but by removing as I suggest they will not only remove the honey from those you uncap but all the rest. And I venture the assertion that at this writing there is not a pound of honey in unfinished sections in my apiary, and I think a glance at the beautiful bright combs would convince anyone that they are too valuable to melt up and burn. Fremont. MOMENTS IN THE GARl)EN. Frost has now withered the tomatoes. We put a good lot of them in the hot house, vines and all. The larger ones will soon ripen and furnish a supply of fruit long after the ordinary season. The rest is pulled and thrown into winrows, cover- ing the green fruit as much as possible. We expect to secure a number of bushels of ripe fruit in that way from those under- neath. Our motto for the garden is, “If you would add to your income, year by year, save all that grows.” Now is the time to plant early cabbage for next spring. ‘Vs sowed ours October 2 in the hot bed. \Vhen cold weather sets in we will bank up with saw dust, and on the outside of the bed put on the sash, Keep them growing until about November 20, then cover the plants eighteen inches deep with leaves or chaff and leave until warm weather next spring. We expect to have cabbage June 1 in that way. \Ve would recommend the Early Wlinniiigstead, as they are solid, sure headers and not so much bothered by worms. ,._ Keep up the cultivation of late cabbage and celery, they will grow for a month yet and will be the most profitable part of the garden. Lay your plans now for next years work; your failures are fresh in mind and you probably know how to avoid them next year. Decide what tools you need, the amount of manure, and where it is coming from. Arrange for the earliest spring crops so there will be no delay in the spring. Time means money with the garden. WM. A. OLDS. Okemos. THE SUCCESSFUL FARMER. [Extracted from a paper by Milton H. Pugsley of Paw Paw.) Someone has said that nothing fails like failure and nothing succeeds like success. The man who fears failure has failed already, and a man with a determination to succeed is already on the highway to success. But, some one says, it requires something more than a mere determination to succeed to make it real. VVhy does one man succeed where another fails? \Vhat are the essential elements of success? Our fathers answer very quickly, good management. The language is plain enough, but what does it mean? Sometimes a man with plenty of talent will so conduct his business that it looks well on the surface, makes a good outside show, when in fact it does not pay, and when viewed in the luster of such lights as the new mortgage law it finds many a severe critic. Another man with something of talent but more of tact conducts his business so economically that his work is really more of a success though not making so much show as that of the other man. If a thing is worth doing at all it is worth doing well. Farm hands will invariably earn more money if they know that their employers know what agood day’s work is, no matter what kind of work they are per- forming. My father used to say often, “learn to do it well my boy, speed will come.” And so I learned that it is not the man who slights his works that performs the most of it. A good manager of a farm knows how much of any kind of labor he can perform in a day himself, and just how much he can accomplish with any number of men in a given time. This knowledge is always of great advantage to him. It makes him master of the situation. SOIL STUDY. Perhaps the greatest study of the suc- cessful farmer is the nature and character of his soil. What will it produce most successfully and what does it need? How OCTOBER 18, 1894. often do we hear this expression, “If we can only get a catch of clover we are all right;” or this one, “We can get a catch of clover all right enough if _we can only get plenty of rainwater, for rainwater is the best_ of fertilizers?” But there must be something more required. There is no doubt 1D my mind but clover is the best fertilizer, and I believe that nothing produces clover like clover. But I am confident that to get the first crop of clover hay requires something more than clover seed and rainwater; and rainwater and clover seed alone never make a pasture, although they help wonderfully towards it. The clover plant is something that we can well afford to study. Indeed if we could but learn all about it in a life time, by studying it every day, we could die feeling that we had accomplished some- thing, that we had not lived in vain. Save all the ashes, for they are equal to clover or manure as far as they go; and mixed with scrapings from the hen roost will cover quite a piece each year if prop- erly sown. My experience is that one year with another no crop pays better than hay, even if you wish to sell it. But our most suc- cessful farmers say never go to town with a hay rack. Hay comes in good rotation with all other crops, and in diversified farming is the best answer to that great problem of over production. The successful farmer, whether he be specialist or not, must keep posted. He must have a good supply of market reports and other reading matter; must know what to buy and where to buy it, what to sell and when to sell it. And to be better in- formed, how many of us would not be glad to bear our portion of the extra expense and have our mail delivered at our door? VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES. The successful farmer should know some- thing of commercial law, or he will often lose from want of such knowledge. He should know enough of common law to enable him to steer clear of it. He drives his business, and does not let his business drive him. He has plenty of good machinery, for it is cheaper to use it than not to use it; but he doesnot run it without oil, nor allow _ -. the sun rain. and snow to injure it more having the glass about two feet from the i ' ' l plants. than the natural wear and tear. He knows that “The rusty lock creaksthe loudest and the do-notliings make the most noise.” He also knows that a man who is always growl- ing isn’t worth his board. The successful farmer keeps all his stock in good condition. He will not keep more hogs than he can properly feed, neither will he sell the last one he has just because it will bring him seven cents a pound. He didn’t sell all his sheep just because Grover was elected; for no matter whether wool goes up or down, he knows that a good breeding ewe works for her board a good part of the summer, and pays him a better price for it in the winter than any other boarder he ever had. But he does not try to winter her for fifty cents, and in so doing lose both ewe and lamb when both could be saved in fine condition for one dollar. The successful farmer does not keep in the same old ruts from year to year. Neither does he buy every new thing he sees, nor try every new scheme he hears of. He finds this a very good rule. "Be not the first by whom the new is tried, Nor yet the last to put the old aside.” He keeps a careful account, in ink, of all his business transactions; also a memoran- diiiii of other items in connection with his business, with the date thereof. The successful farmer, like the successful general, knows his enemy and where he is encamped. VVliile the farmer who goes on from year to year without trying to “head off” such enemies as sorrel, Canada thistle, fares, and buckhorn, and makes no attempt to subvert the Hessian fly, the cut worm, the curcnlio, potato bug, and the clover inidge, must meet with more or less failure. In many ways the Grange has succeeded better than the most sanguine of its origi- nators could have hoped. Those of its members who have tried to be a help to the Grange have not only been a help to others, but have themselves been benefited. The Grange has done more for the farmer and his family than can easily be estimated. IVhile it was intended that the Grange should be a bulwark of strength in the protection of the weak against the strong, and that it should advocate and sustain the the rights and privileges of the farmer in the discussion and adjustment of the eco- nomic questions of the day, it was also understood that the Grange had a still higher, nobler and more exalted mission for the American farmer in educating him to an understanding of his responsibility as a citizen, and to a high sense of the dig- nity and importance of his calling, and its relation to the other industries of life. More than this; it comes to the home life of the farmer and teaches him to make that life better, purer and happier by increasing the comforts and ministering to the social, moral and intellectual faculties of all the members of that home, thus giving them clearer and broader views of life with its manifold duties and responsibilities. '0 Q itwvaiue‘-vweuo-u ...._..._...... ..,,...... /"K OCTOBER 18. 1894. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 3 Woman’s Work. WORK AND WORKMANSHIP. [Continued from last issue.] _ Already observation has taught the work- ing classes the benefit and power derived from organization and combination; and although errors and misconceptions of a most hurtful kind have beset the action of those who through poverty and ignorance and often much suffering have been able only to strike blindly against evils whose pressure they feel but Whose root and remedy they could neither see nor uiider- stand wholly, still the very attempt to gov- ern through organization and combination their own affairs, and to determine their own condition and status with regard to society at large, is an education in itself, for this reason. The extended scale on which the attempt is being made must nat- urally teach them to consider great general causes, and also give them in some degree a correct estimate of the manner of a fair method of adjustment considered with re- lation of cause to effect; and last but not least lead them to study the moral duties and obligations resting on them iiidivid- ually. The great struggle now in progress between labor and capital resolves itself into a question of morals and justice. The question of how to improve the life of the working masses seems to us the greatest political and social problem of the age, and we believe a solution must be from a staiid- point of right and wrong; it is a question of great urgency. The recent strike ended in failure, but that does not end the con- troversy and an enforced calm is by no means the end of danger. The assumption that might makes right is bad morals in any case. We believe there can be no permanent settlement of this momentous question without the support of‘ the farmers of the country. They above all others are most likely to sympathize with the laudable ambition of the intelligent workman to emancipate himself from the tliralldom of a service in which he has no other interest than his daily wages, and no one under- stands more fully that satisfaction and contentment will come only when there is a just recognition of the values contrib- uted by both labor and capital, and an equitable division of the same. We are apt to measure the worth of work by the amount done in a given length of time, but estimate the value of the workmanship by the excellence and perfection of the com- plete whole; but work and workmanship are not always synonymous terms. For instance, there might have been, and prob- ably was, a great amount of work of a cer- tain sort expended in constructing the loose naturalization laws by which the bal- lot, the most potent badge of American citizenship was placed in the hands of a multitude of the ignorant and vicious, to Whom the right of suffrage cannot possibly be any privilege, men whose habits of life and thinking render them easily subserv- ient to be used as a means of elevating to places of power and trust unpriiicipled, ambitious men whose workmanship is a continual menace to every principle of good government and public virtue. A great amount of painstaking work is re- quired to frame and enact laws for the gov- erning and protection of the people, but what shall be said of the workmanship of a law which requires the combined wisdom of the supreme court to decide on its con- stitutionality and to the provisions of which that body can only render an adverse de- cision. The poorest and crudest of work- men would hardly produce work less worthy the name of workmanship. And now a word to the farmers, both in and out of the Order, under whose auspices this assembly is gathered. You whose ‘ calling is the oldest of occupations, for before literature was known or government formed agriculture existed, the calling that is the foundation of all social progress, and more; it is the calling whose lineage dates from the “patent issued from the ancient gates of Eden.” We believe it to be your duty, we had almost said privilege, and one to be neither evaded or shirked, to look the perils and difficulties attendant upon the strained relations of labor and capital square in the face and act; it will not do to intrust the commencing of this work to party leaders, because _ experience has taught the moral side would inevitably be leftvout; and in morals that which is unsafe for the individual is equally so for the na- tion. In these days when patriotism is taught in our public schools of every grade, and stimulated by raising the stars and stripes over the school houses and observ- ing the natal day of patriots and statesmen, it may not be amiss to quote from Ameri- ca’s first and greatest general on the main- tenance of public morality. In his farewell address occurs this passage: “ Of all the dispositions and habits which lead _to po- litical prosperity religion and morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tributes of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these _firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with the pious man. ought to respect and cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connec- tions with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instruments of investiga- tion in courts of justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition that moral- ity can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of relined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle. It is substantially true that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular govern- ment. \Vlio that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric.” This is the counsel of the man who is styled the father of his country; the man whose work and workmanship conferred such great and lasting benefit on his coun- try. Will we heed it‘? SOIIETHING .\BOL'-'1' THE CENSUS. The following is a portion of an article written for the C/mrlotfe Tr bunc by the secretary of our State Grange, Miss Jennie Buell, who is at present employed as a clerk in the census department: Every ten years Michigan takes her own census, four years after the taking of each national census. \Vho does this work, and how, and even just what "taking the census” altogether means, are questions that receive varied and often very vague replies. The superintending of the collection and the work of compiling the returns belong to the secretary of state. From his office instructions and blanks eniiiiiate and to it they return. The "census year” began June 1, 1893, and closed May 31, 183-1, and eiiiimerators throughout the state entered upon their duties on that date and closed them on or before the 30th. After a review of the population schedule is made by the towii- ship board or board of review in a city, the returns are taken in person to the county clerk who replaces all the reports of the county in their original packages and resliips them to the ofiice of the secretary of state, Lansing. The first box of the present census returns to arrive was that from Presque Isle. flosconimon was barely second and workwas begun with these July 9. All the 123 boxes of blanks, which had been sent to the eighty-four counties, rapid- ly returned and the population returns‘ passed briskly through the hands of twen- ty-five clerks. “Teams,” of two men each, opened boxes, removed these population schedules, attached affidavits securely, paged and arranged and checked each county by townships alphabetically. Other teams, each of a lady and gentleman clerk, com- piled the number of names of inhabitants reported on every page, by township and city wards. There are spaces for twenty names on each page but the vagaries or errors of eiiumerators made it essential that every page be reviewed separately. The gentleman clerk checked the lady’s count, as her work in turn checked his, be- fore they passed it on to the footers, next to a clerk who collected township and city totals to make county totals and then to the tableniaker who gathered all to a final state total. The printer and proofreaders come in for responsible work on the six bulletins given to the state press to show the progress of the count. The last bulletin bears date of July 25, and shows the total population of the state to be 2,241,000 persons, subject to changes after a later examination of returns. This is six weeks earlier than the final bulletin was issued ten years ago and twelve months earlier than the same work was done in the national census in 1890. There is a total increase of 147,111 since 1890, more than 35 per cent of which is in the cities of Detroit and Grand Rapids. There are 70 incorporated cities in the state. In 1864 the proportion of popula- tion of incorporated cities to the total population was 16 per cent, now it is 37 per cent. The population record alone comprises 115,517 pages, 14 by 20 inches in size, bound into 178 books. The remaining schedules, which pertain to mortality, agriculture, manufacturies, mines, fisheries, libraries, churches and farm laborers are bound into‘ books also, for convenience in handling and preserva- tion of the records, and, altogether, the census of 1694 makes quite a pretentious looking library. FOSTERING 'l‘HE SAVAGE IN THE YOUNG. [Extracts from an article by B. 0. Flower in the August Arena.) The student of history will note with sadness that, as venality began to creep into the halls of state, and as seats which had been honored by uncorrupted patriot- ism and far-seeing statesmanship were purchased by gold or won by infriguing tricksters, and especially as Wal Street and the monopolistic power came to sway more and more influence in shaping legis- lation and dictating nominations, we be- _ phase of the question. gan to imitate the despotisms of Europe, not only in building arsenals and armories but by assiduously fostering the war spirit in our young people. As the decline in the republic of Rome was marked by the rise of the military power, so there has developed a passion for reawakening the savage in man and child by fostering and inculcating the war spirit, as true democracy has more and more given place to plutocracy. That there is method in these things there can be little doubt although it is probable that few people, have stopped to consider the real significance of the rapid growth of armor- ies in our midst. It is not my purpose, however, in this paper to deal with this I desire rather to utter a protest against the iniquitous mili- tary drill now being carried on in many of our churches and schools throughout the United States. Probably nothing so well indicates the substitution of a hollow and, in the strict- est sense of the word, a materialistic tlie- ology for areligion of life——a loving faith PXp1'cSSe(l in deeds—as the diligent and systematic fostering by church and state of the war spirit-—which is the murder spirit —in the rising generation. The position of the church on this question is at once astounding and incomprehensible, if we ad- mit that the spirit of her Founder still vivifies her being; foreven the most super- ficial thinker knowstliat the drillingofyoutli in the manual of arms must necessarily fill the brain with ‘ideals which are the exact antipodes of the teaching of the Prince of Peace. The ultimate which a course of practice leads to, or the ideal which it in- spires, gives color to the thought world of those who come under its influence, and this is especially true when the plastic brain of childhood is dominated by an alluring ideal. The question will naturally arise as to how it was possible that servants of the Prince of Peace could so far forget the life and teaching of their Leader as to foster or favor the formation of military organizations? I think the mistake was due mainly to ( l) a sliortsightedness which overlooked the influence of the ultimate ideal upon the plastic brain of childhood, an(l (Z) to an unconscious yielding to the savage spirit of our gold crazed age, which prevented their coming into 1'(Lpp0)'t with the deepest and most philosophic truths of the great Nazarene. Every careful student of human life knows that the ideals and thoughts which fill the horizon color all after life. If during the formative period the ideals which fill the child’s mind be essentially noble and humane, if he be taught that his mission is to help subdue the savage in man, to transform swords into plowshares and spears into pruning hooks, or in other words, to become a saviour of life and a dispenser of happiness instead of a slayer of his brother and an angel of darkness, he will grow to manhood brave, but gentle, manly but loving. He will love justice more than gold; he will see that the man who develops the highest side of his life is the child of wisdom, and that wherever he may go the flowers of joy will spring up, blossom and fling abroad their exliilirat- ing perfume. On the other hand the child who is drilled in the manual of arms has constantly before him the hour when he may draw the trigger which means death to a fellow-man; he comes to love the sound of the drum beat, and learns to long for a chance to shoulder the murderous gun. He turns to the lives of Alexander, Caesar and Napol- eon; dreams of fame through slaughter, of power through devastation and destruction, fill his mind, and by coming to believe it is legitimate to kill his fellow-inen when ordered to by a superior officer, the high- est and finest elements in his mind are be- numbed. And 1 say here, what I most profoundly believe, that there can never be an ap- proach to civilization so long as the child mind receives military drill, for the associa- tions, ideals and dreams which necessarily follow in the wake of warlike instruction are at variance with the ideals which alone can redeem the world from hate, greed and injustice, that until children are taught to entertain a profound reverence for human life, human rights and for justice in its broadest sense, humanity will not know what true civilization is. _:.:—?<———j— WHY DO WE WORK‘! THE PHILOSOPHER. I stood on a busy corner in Chicago, and watched the throng hastening to and from the four quarters of the earth. My cogi- tatioiis naturally took a philosophical turn, and I asked myself why? VVliy this im- patient, ceaseless movement of men, both of high and low degree? Doubtlessa com- plete reply to my query would contain a full answer to that ancient and universal question, why do we Work? I went to my hotel, meditated on the subject, and here are my conclusions: No one can gainsay theproposition that most men work for bread alone. What shall we eat? and wherewithal shall we be clothed? are problems fundamental with the mass of mankind. Even to those whose labor promises the com- forts of life. the question is at bottom aphys- ical one. “To be or not to be” is the ever recurring soliloquy, forced on man by his bodily needs Bread is the primal prob- lem, both in time and place. As material wealth increases, and the bread problem is partially solved, another factor asserts itself. It is the love of power. This passion I think, leads men into the professioiis,into money making,into politics. The powerthat arises from the possession of the trained mind, or abundant knowl- edge, or great wealth, is the goal of many a man’s labors and toils. It is both a good and an evil tendency. Power attained for its own sake is likely to be perverted to un- worthy uses; power rightly exercised is a divine privilege. Unfortunately, I fear the love of power for its own sake is growing, and dominating more and more the aims of men. There have always been, in every age and clinie, a few sweet, strong souls whose time, thought, and energy were devoted purely and uiisellislily to the labor of in- spiring liuinanity to better living and thinking. Happily, this motive has taken such hold of the world, especially since the advent of (Jliristianity, that'it has given a touch of Heaven to many spots of earth, and is the only purpose that can redeem the world from the wilds of grossness. Such, stated in the barest ternis, are the chief motives that push men on to their toil. But we cannot leave our meditations without digging deeper and endeavoring to answer the furtlier natural question, why should we work‘? lVhat ought our motives to be? I confess that I know of nothing better than bread to strive for. To partake of simple, sweet, nourishing food, for body, mind, and soul, is the greatest of privili ges. No blessing can be asked that is greater than that. For I can conceive of no excuse for existence, no object in living, unless there be growth. I can think of nothing that God wants us to do but to grow into his likeness. I can believe in no other end of life but to develop all our powers into a sym- metrical and ever strengthening manhood. I am aware that some will demand that the highest motive to labor is in service for others. But while admitting that service is the greatest of direct motives, I contend that service is only a means to an end, and that end growth. Thus the man who has not the true spirit of service shrinks and slirivels. He cannot grow. If he ha.ve this spirit he shall increase, for the willing servant of mankind is the royal one, and only he can wear the purple of humanity’s love. “Whosoever will be great among you, let him be your ininister,”——the ambi- tion is to be great; the path to greatness is in ministration. Yet I do not assert that we always know what best contributes to our growth. I do not believe that work is a curse laid on man because he sinned.’ It is a law of nature, a divine principle permeating every sphere of existence. “If a man shall not work, neither shall he eat,” is not an arbitrary punishment, but the statement of a law, the law of growth. Even the lily does toil—-it is alive with a divine activity. \Vork is a privilege, not a hardship, a blessing, not a device of an angry God. Practically speaking, most of us must labor for food, clothing, and shelter. But as we toil, if our hearts be true, we can partake of the bread of life. To inspire a wish for this bread in the hearts of every man in the world, is the work of the true preacher and teacher. To make the con- ditions such that every man can most easily reach this higher plane of life, is the work of the true statesman. This indeed is the labor problem. The Juveniles. PUZZLES. [All readers of THE GRANGE VISITOR are invited to contrib- ute and send solutions to this dcpzirtincnt. Address all com- munications relating to puzzles to Tlioiiizis A. l\Iill:ir, 500 vzth St., Detroit, .\1icliig'.iii.j Solutions to September 20. 4. Ilorsc. 5. T-on-S. 6. The declaration of independence SOLVERS. Completes, none. Inconipletcs—Tot, Grace Bell, The Boy, Lily .\vla.y, Nora, and Mrs. K. 0. PRIZE VVINNERS. Tot, :1 bound book. 1V0. Ia.--.\'m1zar1'ral. The 3. 4, i2 used in many ways, 5, 6, 7, S, 9 is the house- wifc‘s fnv.-nd_. i6, i5, i2, 9 is :1. flower. I0. 13. 12, ii, 14. i5, ', i2 is :1 superfiuity, i, 2, i), 5, 6, ii, 7 is water. The TOTAI. is. what we like to see. Wooiltc (,‘aruurs. Mus. ANN L. CHENEY. No. 11.—Crns.vwor¢l. In pull not in man; In cup not in fan; In low not in high; In laugh not in try; In man, not. in pull; In lziuib, not in wool; Iii run not in rest; He's the oppressor of the oppressed. Ifizl/easka. MR5. FUDGE. [V0 . I2.—— C ravs-ward. In rose, not in pink; . In rum, not in ink; In try, not in win; In truth, not in sin. A president’s daughter find therein. Krill-aska. MRS. A. Forms. PRIZES. A paper bound novel for the best lot of solutions. Solutions must reach us by October 30. THE MAIL BAG. Notice to all readers. Please send us some puzzles at once. 4 THE GRANGE VISITOR. OCTOBER 18, 1894. THE (iiiAN_G_i:_ VISITOR. Kenyon L. Butter-field, Editor and Manager. LANSING, MICH. ['0 whom all exchanges. communications, advertising busi- ness and subscriptions should be sent. Ofiice, Room 19. Old State Building. TERMS 50 Cents a Year, 25 Cents for Six Months. ln Clubs of 20 inore 40 Cents per hear each. Subscriptions payable in advance, and discontinued at expiration, unless renewed. §‘l-leinittances should be by R“!-£lS'fP|‘€d Letter» 340119)‘ Order or Draft. Do not send stamps. §‘To insure insertion all notices should be mailed no later than the Saturday preceding 15906- Entered at the Postofiice at Lansing, Mich., as Second Class Matter. @“Ni:x'r ISSUE NOVEMBER 1. OUR. WORK. The following has been approvcd by the State fl‘-raiige 215.21 fair stzitciiieiit of the olijcrts thc (vraiige of Michigan has in view, and the special lines along which it proposes to work. \\'e hope every Grange in the staie will work eziriicstlv in all these d:-partinents, so that by a. more unitcd effort we shall rapidly ll1Cl’C‘.l.St: our numbers. extend our influence, and attain more and niorc coniplctely thosc ends which we seek. OUR OB] ECT is the Org-.1ni7.:itinn of the Fariiicrs for their own Improvement Fiiiancizillv, .\‘oci:illy, Vleutally, Mor.»ll_v. \\'c believe that this llllpl'OVi1l1L:l"lt can in large measure be brought -.i1miiL: . i (u.| liv wider indivirlual stiidv and gt-ncrxil discussinii of the liiisiiicss side of fariniiig and home l>it'C])lll*_{. ((7.) llv co-npcratinii for fiiiauciiil advaiitage. _ . 2. (a.) liv frcquciit social gzitlicriiigs. and the iningliiig together of faimers with fariiicrs, and of farm:-rs with people of other occup:iiions_ (/v.) By stri\'in_; for :1 purer manhood, a noblcr \\'Ol‘n:ll]l‘l(lO(l, and a iinivcrxzil limtlierhood. 3. la.) lly studying and promoting the improvement of our district sclmol-. (1).) By pzitronizing and aiding the .'\2‘l’lC\lll.\ll‘:ll C<-llc'»__rc=a_nd Expcriiiiciit ~t.:itinns in thcir lcgitiinzitc work of >ClL‘llllf1C in- vestigation. practical cxperiiiiciit, and ctluCd.i.lHll for rural pur- suits. _ (r ) B\'ll1'.llniZllnll‘l)_’_‘ and attending fziriiicrs” institutcs; read- ing in the Reading Circle: establishing and using circulating libraries; buying more and better iiizigziziiics and p.ipv.-rs for ihe home. 4. ((1.) RV (lllTll\’ll\g' a knnwlrdge of our civil institutions and teaching the high duties of ciiizeiisliip. (lat liv (lr‘ll'l.ll1Ili|\L{[ll(f eiiforcciiicnt of existing stzitiites, and bv discussing. advoczitiiig, at trying to secure such other state aiid n'.itioii:il laws as shall iciid to the general justice, progress, and morality. Have you sent in that name yet? “The tide is setting in.” See page eight. The VISITOR, three months for ten cents. Read what Prof. Shaw has to say about institutes in Minnesota, on page six. There is another article on the same page that introduces a subject of great impor- tance. TH AT UNIVERs'I TY JIONE Y. A number of weeks ago we took occasion to inquire as to the legality of the pro- ceedings by which the University obtained both the one-twentieth and the one-sixth mill tax during 1893. \Ve had hoped that by this time some explanation would have been made. But so far as we have seen none has been offered. It appears to us that both the state and University author- ities owe an explanation to this very fair inquiry of ours. THE VISITOR AND ELECTION DAY. \Ve hope that every Grange in the state will appoint an agent to solicit subscrip- tions to the VISITOR on the sixth day of November next. lVe shall be glad to send sample copies to anyone who will act as agent. Send for them early. Every voter ought to be informed on some of the questions that the VISITOR treats of (and he can find them only in the VISITOR). He will be glad to try the pa- per on our low offer of three months for ten cents. We hope the Granges will do their duty at the polls in getting subscrib- ers to the VISITOR. OBI TUARY NUTIC'E'S'. More than two years ago the VISITOR discontinued the practice of printing obit- uary resolutions entire, and at that time we made note of the change. It seemed wise to make this change and it apparently met with general approval. Recently, however, we learned that the members of one Grange deemed themselves unfairly treated in this matter. So we take oppor- tunity to say to all Patrons that we have merely been following a rule that seemed to be a wise one, and have tried not to be capricious nor to show favoritism. ‘ If this rule is not acceptable to Patrons we shall be glad to consider a change. INSTITUTES IN MINNESOTA. Prof. Shaw accompanied his interesting article (to be found on page six) with the following personal letter. Please find enclosed an article on farmers’ institutes in Minnesota. I hope it will be in time to answer your purpose. I am afraid you will imagine that 1 have over- drawn the picture, but my dear sir. I have not. The institutes in this state are doing a good work, and I am quite sure that one of the results of this work will be, that the attendance at the School of Agriculture at St. Anthony Park will forge rapidly ahead. I hope the article may be of service in spurring up the farmers of your beautiful state to higher effort in the direction of improvement in agriculture. Go on with your good work without faltering, and may you be greatly prosperous. FREE PASSES FOR STATE OFFICERS. It is a well known fact that members of the legislature usually receive passes from the railroads over which they travel to and from their homes. Many people believe that this practice is harmful in two ways, first by acting as a bribe to the legislator and preventing legislation unfavorable to the railroads; second, by tempting him to . go home every week, and thus delaying business, prolonging the session, and in- creasing the expenses. Others, equally honest and experienced, deride the idea of bribery, maintaining that men will rather assert their manhood and vote against the railroads instead of for them. They also maintain that it is beneficial for members to go home frequently to see l}l)r*ii' families and their constituents. The I‘t‘l1lt‘Lly proposed by the former class of people is of course to make the ac- ceptance of free passes by legislators ille- gal. \Ve shall not here undertake to dis- cuss the question, but shall present a. few objections that have been offered to this remedy. 1. It is ditficult to enforce. 2. It is doubtful if it would materially hasten legislation, as many members will go home anyway. It is questionable if legislators are bribed by passes. 4. It has been tried in New York, where it has been repeatedly and persistently evaded. There is, however, a phase of the subject on Which we have decided views. VVe alluded to it last spring when speaking of certain state ofiicers. We called attention to the fact that while we could not prove that these officers held passes, we dared them to deny that they had, or that they charged railroad fare to the state while using passes given them by virtue of their official position. This has never been denied. Now in our judgment such pro- ceedings are theft, and should be called so. \Ve understand that the practice has not been followed to any extent since last spring. But it would be wise to prevent such theft in the future. Just how to do it we do not know, unless there were a law passed authorizing the board of state audit- ors to reject any bill for railroad fare from a state officer holding a pass over that road by virtue of his oflice. This whole question is worthy of dis- cussion, even if it. is not new, and we hope Granges will not neglect it. PEACE DAY. It has been suggested that December 17, or 8. day thereabonts, be celebrated by the Grange as Peace Day. Grange lecturers would do well to bear this in mind. The questions of arbitration, both international and in labor disputes; of military drill in schools and churches; of the necessity for a standing army; of an increase in the navy; and of the state militia, will all be appro- priate for discussion. For readings and recitations the poet VVhittier will furnish ample material. , Mr. B. O. Flower, wrote an article in the August Arena from which we quote a few extracts in another column, on “Fostering the savage in the young,” that has provoked much comment, and that has stirred many earnest peo- ple to what is portrayed there as a. most serious danger. He directs a fiery tirade against the growing practice of forming military companies in schools and churches, urging as his chief objections that it is a scheme of plutocracy inaugu- rated since the war; that it fosters in the young participants a savage war spirit not at all in consonance with the spirit of the Prince of Peace; and that it has a deleteri- ous efiect upon'the bodies and minds of the boys. The article has aroused so much comment that we venture a. few thoughts upon the subject. Mr. F lower’s first stric- ture does not hold good so far as Michigan as a state is concerned. The s‘ate militia was organized in 1846, and reorganized in 1862. Instruction in military tactics at the Agricultural College, the only state insti- tution having it, was authorized in 1863, -in pursuance of the 1'equiremeiits of congress. These measures were certainly not influ- enced by post-bellum plutocracy. And we may be in error, but we fail to know of a single instance in our state where the militia has been used by capital against labor. We think Mr. Flower exaggerates the idea that 9. murderous war spirit is fostered by military drill. There is not one boy in a hundred who has not dreamed of being a John L. Sullivan, or a Napoleon, or a Hanlon, or of doing some feat of strength or heroism that would represent physical prowess. This seems to be natural to a healthy boy—or perhaps it may be the lingering evidence of the once sav- age state of the race. But most boys get over it——all over it. Mr. Flower dramat- matically remarks: “On the other hand, the child who is drilled in the manual of arms has constantly before him the hour when he may draw the trigger which means death to a fellowman; he comes to love the sound of the drum beat, and learns to long for a chance to shoulder the mur- derous gun.” Why, the chances are that if ever this “longing” promises to be rea- lized, he’ll “ cut and run” as fast as his legs can carry him. We may well question the physical advantages that come to very young boys from military drill. And we may still more seriously question whether the church will ultimately gain by this some- what spectacular means. But we think Mr. Flower has a greatly exaggerated notion of the danger to the country, and a much enlarged opinion of the importance of the subject. He seems to have chosen the question as a. hammer to belabor his arch-enemy, the “ plutocrat.” IIHPORT.-INT T0 VOTERS. Two important amendments to our state constitution are to be voted upon Novem- ber 6. The first one concerns the qualifi- cations of voters. ‘V3 print that portion of the amendment which differs from the present constitution, and also the same portion of the constitution. The changes are indicated by the use of italics. THE PROPOSED AMEND- MENT. In all elections, every male irihdbitant of this state, being a citizen of the United States. * * * * every male inhabitant of for- eign birth, who, having resided in the state two years and six months prior to the eighth day of November, eighteen hundred ninety-_four. and having declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States two years and six months prior to said last named day. and every civilized maleinhabitant of Indian descent. a na- tive of the United States, and not a member of any tribe, shall be an elector and entitled to vote; but no one shall be an elector or entitled to vote at any election unless he shall be above the age of twenty-one years, and has resided in this state six months, and in the township or ward. in which he offers to v01 e, twenty days preceding such election. THE PRESENT CONSTITU- 4 TION. In all elections, e’UP1‘l/ mule citizen, every male inhabitant * * * * * who has re- sidvd in this state two yPll1"S and six months, and declared his inten- tion as u_f‘ from \\'liciiL‘c they caiiii.‘ . _ . _ T U " 5.3 Dix-d in fxiinilics and ;ii, lllc ,\.~1m..1__,_‘______”___:: """ " Adopted by prnccctliii-_;s in tlic l,l‘ul\;|lc i‘our(_ _ ..~ Have l7l‘(‘(H1lt.‘ of age, _ . , ._ , , _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' ' ' A" lLi\'c bccoiiic 5;-lf-siippni-iiiig diiriiu; iiiiimi'ii\ Zoo Girls iii:iri icd durin_-_v_' iniiim in _ , _ _ _ , _ V V _ V , Restored to p:ii’cii\s_._____,,__.___,_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4:90 HOW'.' THIS! VVC Offer Om.‘ lliiiidred any case of Catarrli that l'laIl‘s Catarrh Cure. F. J. ClllCNl'I\' & L‘()., 1‘mp_.—,_ '1‘“k.dn 0 \Ve the uiidci'sigiicd have kiimvii I-‘_ ]_ L‘h‘:‘[-“sy- for the last 15 _\'c;ii‘s, and liL'llL‘\'L‘ liiiii pm-{',.l-H‘. hnn_ orablc in all biisiiicss ll'.’ll1.~':l\‘ll0ll.‘ and liiiiiiiciiillv able to carry out any obligzilioii Iillkli‘ l\\' 1|‘,-if 3},-,,,_‘ VV i«:sT & TRU.-\x, \\'liol-ssiilc l)i~ij;glsIs. Toledo, 0, VVAi.biN(;, KXNN.-\.\' .\- .\l.\i<\'is, \\‘lii-It-sale 1),-ug_ gists Toledo, (). IIall’s Cnmrrh Curr is taken llll(‘l'l\:lll\', aclin directly upon the blood and \\lll(‘0us su.-f“;-,_.§ nf mi system. In-ice 759. pm. bottle. 3,,“ ‘W “H Dru, gists. Testiiiioiiliils frcc. ‘ 5' l)oll:ii's Reward for cannot be cured bv ‘J 4*\_ OCTOBER 18, 1894. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 5 The becfure. Field. TOPICS FOR. DISCUSSION. 1. What salaries should be paid to our state oth- cers, and under what limitations? _ 2. Can the farmers aid in solving the liquor ques- *tion? If so, how? Have they any interest or duty in the matter? ' 3. Will it be beneficial and wise to prohibit mem- bers of the legislature from accepting f'ee passes 'fI:0_m railroad companies? If so, should the prohi- -bition extend to all state officers? [See editorial]. TOPICS FOR NOVEMBER. From the National Lecturer. Discussions of the “specific objects” of the Declaration of Purposes, P of H W h 't 3.1’!-:_the tvyo leading features of the Grange? The origin of lhanksgiving and how it was observed in 'Colonial d.-y_s. Our experiences and mistakes in farming during the past season. _ Fancy cooking. with samples; exchange of recipes. How‘ can we market our farm prod nice to the best advantage? The inconveniences arid privzitions of pioneer life “ Is there any “ special’ work for men or women in the Grange? The most profitable and the most unprofitable farm crop we have raised during the past season. livery farmer to give an answer with reasons. I he influence of the Grange in making farming more popular among fa niers. Should the Grange always be conducted in accordance with parliamentiiry law and usage? I an farmers afford the time and expense to attend political conventions? \Vliat h IS the Grange accomplished in state legislation? VVli:it has the Grange accomplished in national legislation? _ I{ow_c2in farmers best secure the enactinenr of such legisla- tion as is needed for the protection of their interests? NOTICE. ANN ARBOR, Oct, 16,1894. In accord with Article V, sec. 1, State -Grange by laws, the Michigan State Grange will meet for its 22d annual session in Rep- resentative Hall in Lansing, on the second Tuesday in December, the 11th, next. In- structions for securing the customary rail- way rates of one and one-third fare will be given later. Secretaries of the county conventions, who have not done so, will please report names of representatives elected to the Sec- retary of State Grange, that the list may be printed in full before the meeting. On the part of the representatives, it is recommended that they carefully note the subjects suggested in the VISITOR and in local Grangrs, as likely to be brought be- fore the State Grange for consideration, inform themselves as well as may be on them and, so far as possible, decide what action they think would be best. JENNIE BUELL. TAXATION IN MICHIGAN. Continued from page 1. pictures, school books, one sewing machine used and owned by each individual or fam- ily. and the wearing apparel of every indi- vidual, are not taxable. I understand the words “family pictures” to be synono- mous with “family portraits,” and do not think exemption of a private gallery of paintings or other pictures intended by the law. Neither are musical instru- ments expressly exempted. But I should not question the propriety of considering pictures or a piano as part of the furniture of a home to such an amount as might be within the $500 limit prescribed for “household furniture, provisions and fuel.” The exemptions noted in the preceding paragraphs are such as apply to the per- sonal property of any person, and they are so considerable that the average house- holder is entirely exempt from taxation up- on personal property, while a large pro- portion of retail merchants are but little less favored. The working tools of a. mechanic are exempt to the value of $100. Tools of 8. dentist are held to come within the mean- ing of “meclia.nic’s tools.” THE FARMER FAVOBED. The farmer is favored by the tax law above his fellows. He is granted the same immunity from taxation as are others, but while only $100 worth of a mechaiiic’s tools are exempt, farm implements and machin- ery, “ or personal property” of any farmer, is exempt to the amount of $200; and all mules, horses and cattle not over one year old, and all sheep and swine not over’ six months old, are exempt. Statutory exemption of specified personal property should not be considered as ex- empting any property not so spec1fied,'_even when it is of ii similar character. Neither does the payment of an excise tax or a local license exempt stock in trade to _ the posession of which such payment is inci- dent. I find that many assessors fail to assess the stock on hand or other personal property in a saloon, because the owner has paid the liquor dealers tax. There is no authority for such omission. ' Various properties are. under certain conditions, exempt from execution or other process, but such exemptions do not exempt from the operations of the general tax law. Lansing. THE VISITOR, three niontlis for ten cents. Every reader invited to send in one name at this rate. Perhaps some people think I am a. fer- tilizer crank. I have written much on the subject. How could I do otherwise when good superphdi-sphates have doubled my potato yield, as this year, _more than doubled my wheat yield, as this year and often before.—VV. I. Chamberlain. NATIONAL GRANGE MEETING. OFFICE or THE SECRETARY, § 514 F‘ STREET. N. W. Washington, D. 0.. Sept. 26, 1894. In accordance with the provisions of its constitution and the resolutions adopted at the session of 1893, the twenty-eighth session of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry will be held in the city of Springfield, Illinois, commencing on “ the first Wednesday after the second Monday in November” (14th), at eleven o’clock a. m. The sessions of the Grange will be held in the senate chamber, state house. Accommodations for the N etional Grange have been secured at the Hotel Palace (as headquarters), at the rate of $1.50 and $2 per day each, with 35 cents per room per day for fires when ordered. By order of the executiue committee. JOHN TRIMBLE, Secretary, National Grange. ASSEMBLY OF THE PRIESTS OF DEMETER. Order of the Pa—tr0i; of Husbandry. OFFICE or THE ANNALIST, Fruit Ridge, Zllic/1., Sept. 26’, 1894. j The Assembly of the Priests of Demeter of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry will confer the Seventh Degree, or Degree of Ceres, during the twenty-eighth session of the National Grange, to be convened at - Springfield, Illinois, on lVednesday, Novem- berl 4, 1894. The work is assigned for Fri- day evening at 7:30 o’clock, November 16. The ceremonies of conferring the Degree will take place in a suitable hall to be an- nounced at Springfield. Members who have received the Sixth Degree, or D. gree of Flora, are entitled to this D: gree, upon the payment of one dol- lar, accompanied with a certificate bearing the name of applicant, residence, town, county, and state, and time and place of having received the Sixth Degree. (The Sixth Degree will probably be conferred by the State or National Grange on Thurs- day evening previous to the time set apart for the conferring of the Seventh, thus giving all members an opportunity to pre- pare the way up to the Seventh Degree.) VVhere man and wife prefer the’ certificate in one, it will be so issued, by the Assem- bly, but the fees for the Degree will be the same as though the certificates were issued separately. Parties desiring one certificate, as above, must notify the Annalist, before the meeting of the Assembly. All applications must be approved by the VVortliy Master of the State Grange, in whose jurisdiction the applicant resides. Applications, prior to November 10, should be sent to Geo. B. Horton, Annal- ist. Fruit Ridge, Mich., or to John Trimble, Secretary National Grange, 514 F Street, VVashington, D. C., or to George Ball, care of Hotel Palace, Springfield, Ill., who will supply the proper blank Forms of Appli- cation. Subsequent to November 10, ap- plications should be sent to the same Brother (Geo. Ball), care of Hotel Palace, Springfield,Ill., where personalapplications can also be made, previous to, and during the session, until the time of conferring the Degree. Fraternally, LEONARD RHONE, High Priest. GEORGE B. HORTON, ‘ Annulist. TIIE WARDS OF THE STATE. State System of Caring for Dependent and Criminal Children. [Read before Van Burcn county Pomona Grange. by Charles E, Robinson, county agent for Van Buien count_v.] Out of humanity and charity our state has established a county system of caring for its poor. But recognizing the burden on the counties and lack of conveniences of caring for the great: number of friend- less children thrown onto public charity, 8. state public school at Coldwater was estab- lished. Here they can be cared for and educated until placed in family homes. These children are, some of them, paupers by birth; others have been deserted by one or both of their parents, and still others whose parents have met with adversity or death, and being without friends, have been thrown on public charity. All of them are helpless children between the ages of one and twelve years. Before going to this school the judge of probate of their county passes upon their condition and condition of parents, the county physician examines them physically and mentally, and if parents or friends cannot support them and the child is sound in mind and body, the judge gives an order placing them in the school. THE STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL. This school is situated on rising ground, about two miles from the heart of the city, is pleasant, clean, and airy; the grounds are nicely laid out, and everything is done to make it pleasant and attractive for these little homeless waifs. In all of these state institutions cleanliness is a virtue. The children are schooled in all the common branches and taught to work as far as they are able. This school is under the direct supervision of a board of con- trol who establish rules and methods of conducting school and appoint teachers and officers upon approval of the governor. Another board known as the board of corrections and charities has an indirect supervision over this school, as well as all other charitable and penal institutions in the state. This board has in each organ- ized county an agent known as the county agent for board of corrections and chari- ties, whose duties in regard to this school are to find suitable homes for the state children, investigate all applications for children, and visit those already placed in homes at least once each year. By this method a. great many children are placed in homes during the year. An idea is prevalent that these are all children of criminals and themselves offend- ers. ’This is not so. A two, five, seven, or eight year old is not apt to be a criminal, and many of their parents were refined and intelligent. In our county there are nine- teen children wlio are under charge of the state. They are of average intelligence, and some of them better than the average. All have good homes; are clean and com- fortable, and are being educated to good manhood and womanhood. Many of these children will, if appearances indicate any- thing, fill good positions in the world. APPLICANTS FOR CHILDREN. The board of control desires an applicant for a child to be a. person of good moral character, temperate, not given to profanity, not engaged in the sale of liquor, and able to properly feed and care for the child. They bind applicants in a contract to feed, clothe, and send the child to school at least four months in a year; also to church and Sunday school, and teach him some useful occupation. Thus you see the state not only begins its charitable work in estab- lishing this school, but carries it out as far as its agents are capable, and to their best judgment. People who object toe. child from a state school will pick up one around home who has a. whole lot of very poor relatives and poorer friends to interfere at all times. A Coldwater child legally has no parents or relatives, even if living they forfeit all claim to the child when turned over to the state. You have the state, alone, to deal with. You can readily see the advantage. VVhen an applicant applies for a. child and the county agent goes to investigate the home, very many times the applicant is an entire stranger to the agent, and he has to judge on appearances alone,—they are sometimes deceiving. If the agent should ask you as to the character of Mr. A or B., don’t shrug your shoulders and feign ignorance or let some little petty feel- ing hinder you from giving a. worthy report of your neighbor. and thus, perhaps, pre- vent some poor little unfort-una.te from having a good home and, at least, an adopt- ed parent’s love and care. And again if a child is under your observation, whether a ward of the state or not, do not go to him and in all confidence tell him he is being worked too hard and abused; that his clothes are not good enough, and that you would runaway if you were he, nor perhaps tell him that you can do better by him. You are making a. criminal of that boy or girl. Instead, if there be cause of com- plaint, inform the county agent and he will investigate and act accordingly. Thus justice will be done to both child and guardian. INDUSTRIAL HOMES. But our lecturer included our criminal children. Yes, we have criminal children. And our state has provided homes, not prisons, for them; the industrial home for boys at Lansing, and the industrial home for girls at Adrian. These homes are under supervision similar to the state public school. Children between the ages of ten and seventeen years may be sent to these homes for any offense not punishable by life imprisonment, provided that no child under twelve years shall be considered a. truant or disorderly person. In dealing with this class of children the county agent is again brought into use, and in these cases has to use his best and coolest judg- ment, and must needs be a man of little sentimentalism, but withal possess an earnest desire to help the child, guard against a false testimony or complaint, look out for a “ put up job” on the child, for such things do occur. He must steel his heart against a mother’s tears, a child’s pleadings and promises. and from the sur- roundings, home life, offense, and character of the child make his judgment. In short the agent must stand as a. friend to the child, stand between him and injustice, and still uphold the law. But with all this care children are sentenced who ought not to be, and a good many who would be benefited by a term in the “home,” never go. I believe many of our adult’ crim- inal class would have been benefited by a term in the industrial home, and perhaps saved to a. career of honesty and upright- ness. Action is frequently delayed, and put off altogether by a feeling of dislike to take hold of such matters, and on the prin- ciple of What is everybody’s business is nobody’s business nothing is done, and the child goes downward in his career until too old to be admitted to these homes And so, frequently. a. boy or girl who might have been saved ends their career behind prison walls. It is the duty by law for a. supervisor of a township, or presi- dent of a village who knows of a child or family of children who are running wild with no home restraint, and are trespassers on the law, to appear before a justice and make a. complaint and swear out a warrant for their arrest. I was called to 21 neigh- boring village last summer to look after such 3. family. I went, investigated, and to call the home a dive is to place it very mildly. I said to one of the neigh- bors, “Why don’t you complain of this family?” He replied, “I have, time and again, but the justice will not issue a war- rant.” “Why not?” “Because he is afraid the old woman will burn him out.” “VVha.t is the matter with your village president?” “Well, he is a. policy man. Such a course might lose him a few votes.” All hail the day when our public oflicers will be of such calibre they will dare to throw policy to the winds. It is the bane of our political system. This family fin- ally moved away to pester some other com- munity and this village president has dug his own political grave and I have hopes of that town in the future. THE Boys’ HOME. The boys’ home is located on the out- skirts of the city of Lansing, on a tract of land consisting of 260 acres, which is farm- ed and everything raised that can be for consumption in the “home.” There are between 400 and 500 boys here all the time, who are taught different trades, such as tailoring, printing, and caning chair bot- toms. A carpenter and repair shop is con- ducted, and the boys do a large part of the farm work. Each shop or squad of boys is under 8. foreman. They are schooled in all the common branches, and best of all taught discipline and cleanliness. The boys have their play hours which all enjoy. Many of these boys go out from the home and take good positions, and some of them become wealthy and influential citizens. The average time they are kept here is about twenty-two months. Many are placed in homes, farm homes preferred, while yet under charge of the state. THE GIRLS’ HOME. The management of the girls’ home at Adrian is similar to the box a’ home. They are classed as to age and placed in cottages under a matron. Each girl has to learn to cook, wash, iron, make her own clothes; they can learn embroidery, and many of them do finely at this. Each girl has a. room which she must care for and keep clean. Half the day is spent in school. The grounds are pleasant and are in part cared for by the girls. Flowers are cultivated and the lawns are kept in fine condition. The girls are sentenced until they are 21, boys until they are 17. Many of these girls are more sinned against than sinning. I believe it is a problem yet un- solved how best to treat these girls. The moral, educational, and physiczil training while at the school is good; there comes ti time when they go out from there. They associate While there with girls of their own age, and as 9. large part of education is gained by association, I believe they are apt to leave the home women in stature, but children in actions. Again. a. certain stigma of having been at the “ home,” attaches itself to girls that is not as easy to throw off as with boys. From a lack of knowledge of these institu- tions people are are apt; to look down with contempt on a boy or girl who has returned from one of these homes. Nothing will so soon discourage a child, boy or girl, and nothing will so soon drive a girl, especially, to ruin as to be scorned and have homes closed to her, otherwise always open. Pa- trons, we are taught to be charitable, and I cannot think a Patron would be unchar- itable toward one of these, but in the name of heaven and humanity and as you love your own children, watch yourself and do not fail to let your influence be felt. The state has been to heavy expense to estab- lish and maintain these homes and Patrons, again I exhort you to “let your light shine.” DOES IT PAY? The value of the plant of these three institutions is about $650,000. The run- ning expenses are about $125,000 a year. In addition to this add expense of county agency system, justice and constable fees, expenses and salaries of county poor com- missioners, and we have an almost fabulous sum. ' We stop and ask, does the end justify the means? Think of boys started on a criminal career who are saved to men, of the girls who have started on a. short, rapid course toward crime and abandonment and by this system are checked in this course to make useful Women. In the words of another, when asked if a. large sum was well expended in saving a. boy replied, “ Yes, if that boy was my boy.” THE VISITOR, three months for ten cents. Every reader invited to send in one name at this rate. Roads should be made but once; they need repairing every year.——Prof. I. P, Roberts. '1 THE GRANGE VISITOR. OCTOBER 18,1894. ATRONS’ PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS have sold Ingersoll Paint to the Order P. of H. since its organization. House Paints and Cheap Paints for Barns and Out- buildings, 10,000 Farmers testify to their merits. Grange Halls, Churches, School Houses, Dwellings, all over the land, some of them painted 15 years ago, still looking well, prove them the most durable. AINT MICHIGAN PATRONS “Buy direct from Factory" at full Wholesale Prices and save all Middlemen's Profits. 0. w. INGERSOLL, Prop. Oldest Paint House in America 241-243 Plymouth-st., Brooklyn ORKS lngersnlls Liquid Rubber Paints Indestructible Cottage and Burn Paints Sample Color (":Irds. “Coiifldential" Grunge Discouiits, Estimates and full particulars IVIAILED FREE. \Vrite at once. MICHIGAN STUCK BREEDERS. All those who wish to purchase pure- bred stock of any description, will find it to their advantage to correspond with some of the following well- known breeders. H. H. HINDS Stanton, Montcalm Co Breeder of Shorthorn Cattle American Merino and Shropshire Sheep . A. II. WVARREN Ovid, Mich. Breeder of IMPROVED ‘CHESTER ll'lllTE S\l'lllE And Lincoln Sheep. A choice lot of stock for sale at farmers‘ prices. Breeding stock all recorded. Reduced prices on fall Pigs. Write, or come and look me over. . If you “'ant First-Class MERINO SHEEP WHITE BROITZE TURKEYS bred from prize winiicrs, of the Dark Bronze, at the Indiana. and .\lii:liiz:ui State Fairs, also zit the Tri- Stnte Fziir at Toledo. you can get them of C. RI. FELLO\\'S. Saline, lVIich. Hillsilalc County Herd Polaiul Cliiiizi Swii1c..-\ Choice stock for sale at reasonable prices, and Guaranteed as Represented. JNO. BOWDITCH, Hillsdale. Mich. n..~{;finoo GOES AGAINST THE GRAIN To buy a buggy that looks good for a few weeks, then begins to shed its aim. When you buy a DEAL BUGG you can count on durable finish and permanent paint. Paint used on 'em is the best, and put by a process which insures perma- nency of color and finish. J. J. DEAL &. SON, Jonesville, Mich. ARPENTER ORGANS are strictly High—Grsde Instruments. and ‘B013 at LOVV PRICES. quality considered. for Cash or _In.9tulIment.v. and delivered at your borne. freight paid. Send for catalogue of new designs to E. P. CARPENTER COIVIPANY, Home oflice: BRATTLEBOR0, VT., U. S. A. Western Oliice: J. Howard Foote, 207 and 209 Wabash Ave.. Chicago. Ill. Your Butter. Eggs, Poultr-y.Venl,Beans, ‘ Potatoes, Hides, Pelts, Wool, Hay, Grain. Green and Dried Fruits, or ANYTHING YOU MAY HAVE to us. Quick sales at the highest market price and prompt returns made. e for prices or any information you may want. - iliiinnns,nonnisonnc °°mmr‘°" a, Merchants, 174 South Water St., Chicago, Ill. Bii:irs:s.in.vciii—MeLropolitan National Bank, Chicago, BUY YOUR OILS From anti-trust manufacturers direct, AT WHOLESALE l’RlCES. Machine Oils EU to 25c per gallon; Cylinder Oils 25¢ to 33:: per gallon; delivered. STRICTLY HIGH GRADE. Satis- faction guaranteed. We are the only MANU- FACTURERS of Oils in Michigan. DETROIT 0IL CO., Detroit, Mich. The Grange Visitor 3 Months FOR 10 Cts SEND IN THE NAMES. College and Station. MINNESOTA FARMERS’ INSTITUTES. PROF. THOS. SHAW. THE In compliance with your request I forward you an article for publi- cation relating to the farmers’ insti- tutes of this state. - They have been very succesful during the season that. is now drawing to a close. The average attendance has been probably not less than 450. The attendance in some instances reach- ed 800 and 900, and the distances from which the people came to the institutes was certainly astonishing. Many of them came 30 and 40 miles by rail, and it was of common occur‘- rence to find them driving fully 20 miles through the cold of a. Minne- sota winter, and generally speaking those who came remained through all the sessions of the institute. THE PLAN. The plan of preparing for the institute campaign is somewhat as follows:-—Dr. J. C. Curryer of Man- kato who is assistant superintend- ent goes ahead and arranges for them as soon as it is decided where they shall be held. He first secures the co-operation of the businessmen in the town or village, but not until he has satisfied himself that there is sufficient hall roomin the place to accommodate from 400 people up- wards. The active co-operation of the business men is soughtto assist in advertising the institute. This feature is looked upon as impor- tant, as where an active interest on the part of the business men has been secured, it has been found that the attendance is usually all that could be desired. The co- operation of the local press is then secured. VVith the press, however, the asistance given as with the busi- ness men, must be a labor of love. There is no provision made in the institute fund for newspaper adver- tising. In fact-, it is expressly pro- hibited by the board of control. ADVERTISING. Dr. Curryer secures a list of the names of farmers in the county, at least in that portion of it where the institute is to be held. This list is sometimes furnished by the busi- ness men, at other times it is made up in part from the subscribers to agricultural papers. In some in- stances it is made up from both sources. Some time before the date of the meeting, short crisp items are sent to the local papers, bearing upon the institute. A special invitation is mailed to each individual whose name is on the lists pertaining to that locality. Some printed matter is also enclosed in the same envelope bearing upon the subjects to be discussed. Small posters are put upin various public places. It is stated on these and also elsewhere in the advertising matter that a cer- tain book, a farmers’ annual, which is printed every year, will be given to each person who attends at the first session. This work of advertising is relegated to Dr. Curryer. It is his special work. He is responsible for it. But it does not take him away entirely from the institute platforms, nor does he work at it the whole of the year. THE COST. The state appropriation for insti- tute work is $10,000. In addition, the state pays for the paper used in printing the farmers’ annual. So that the said appropriation may be i put in round numbers at $11,000. This sum pays the entire cost of the institutes and the printing of the annual. Through advertising in the annual transportation for the institute corps is received on the different lines of railway. The annual is prepared by writers who are experts in the various lines on which they write. The book is got up specially with 8. view to meet the wants of the people of Minnesota, and the aim is to have everything in it of the most intensly practical character. The last annual issued contains about 350 pages. It can- not be obtained from any other source, hence one reason why it has proved so greatly helpful to the farmers’ institutes of the state. l This book is edited by O. C. Gregg, the superintendent. THE WORKERS. Superintendent Gregg choscs his workers wherever he can get them. His one object in selecting them is to get good men regard- less of creed or nationality. He wants every man to be an expert in his line. The corps the past winter included the superintendent and assistant superintendent, Theodore Louis, of Louisville, \Vis., W. L. Carlyle, B. S. A., of Chcsterville, Ontario, the Hon. Geo. I. Powell, formerly director of farmers’ insti- tutes in the state. of New York; R. S. Mackintosh, of this state, and the writer. Mr. Gregg usually- speaks upon dairy cattle; Dr. Curr- yer upon horses; Theodore Louis on swine; ‘V. L. Carlyle on dairy matters, and G. I. Powell and the writer are held as a reserve for whichever subjects in addition may be asked for. It devolves upon the writer also to draft or dictate reports of each meeting. These are sent to every paper within the county, and also to the leading dailies of the state. The reports for the county papers are the same, that is to say the one report got up of the institute within the county is made to do duty in all the papers of that county through a multipli- cation of copies on 3. typewriter, but special reports are gotten up for the dailies. A young lad travels with the institute workers, who acts as stenographer. The reporting of the meetings in this way is a new feature, only added the past winter. THE MEETINGS . The meetings are opened prompt- ly on time, viz.:l0 a. m. Each session continues two hours, and is closed promptly at the time announced. Five sessions usually are held, viz: two each forenoon and two each afternoon of the two days of the institute, and one on the evening of the first day. There is no publislled p1'0g1'amme. Supt. Gregg is guided largely by the desires of the audience as to the themes to be discussed. He often calls upon his workers without five minutes previous warning, and every man is expected to toe the mark in such a way as to interest the audi- ence. If he cannot do this he will not answer for an institute worker in Minnesota. The eagerness of the people to get information at these meetings is to me a. matter of astonishment. I never saw anything like it in Canada. When the hour comes for closing, they do not want to leave, and they usually bcsir-ge the different workers after the close of the different sessions, and almost weary them with questions. The question box is always an iuiportant feature of each institute. Gener- ally the whole or nearly the whole of the session of each afternoon is devoted to this work. VALUE OF THE WORK. The work that is being done by theinstitutes of tliisstate cannot but react powerfully upon its agricult- ure. And the cost of the institutes relatively is trifling compared with the probable results. Twenty thousand copies of farmers’ annual, No. 6, are this year being distribu- ted. In this item alone I am quite sure that the institute work is more than doubly repaying its entire cost. The assistance which it brings to the farm school by way of recruiting it with students will un- doubtedly give this school a promi- nent place among the agricultural institutions in the republic, at least so far as the number of students is concerned. No fewer than 140 students were in attendance the past winter not including those who took the special course in daii-ying which would swell the list to 200. The star state of the west is forging to the front in more ways than one. Supt. Gregg is confident that a. larger grant could be obtained for institutes were it considered neces- sary, but he considers the present grant sufficient in the meantime. Men who were down upon the institute work at its inception some seven or eight years ago, are now anxious to become identified with it, so popular has it become. St. Anthimy Park, Minn. [This article was written last spring_ at our reqm‘-st._ But we thought it wise to (ll-'l‘rl_\' its publication until the ql]8Sll0llW1il'll"l be-likely to attract more attention in our granges. ED.] THE RUSSIAN THISTLE And Some Lessons from it. \Ve publish an interview with .VIr. Charles F. Wheeler, consult- ing botanist of the Michigan ex- periment station, with reference to the above topic: “ How extensively has the Rus- - sian thistle been introduced into Michigan?” “ It was tirst reported from Char- levoix, August 25. Since then we have had plants sent from Esca- naba; Bowne, Kent County; De- troit; Perry, Shiawassee county; and Caro, Tuscola county. All of these are isolated cases, the pest in no place having got thoroughly started. Of course there is great danger that next season there will come up plants from seeds scattered this fall, where the thistle was not destroyed before seeding.” “ lVhy is this weed so serious a pest as it has been proclaimed to be?” “ VVell, it is a wonderfully ram- pant grower, and is especially bad if there is a light crop. It some- times gets so thick in wheat that the A No. 1 FARM * HAFNESS Made of lirsl-class stock and . warranted. and all Hund- Ilade. We retail all our. Harness at holessle prica and ship anywhere on up provsl and guarantee satis faction. Write for Catalogue. llllll) llllll‘. HARNESSCV STANTON. MICH. "Fir JUALITV.-' GltAND RAPIDS A: INDIANA R. R. Co. Schedule in effect Sunday. Sept. 24, 11994. TRXINS G():\'G SOEH. crop can’t be cut; and it has been seen to attain so stocky and woody l a growth that it couldn’t be plowed l under. Then there are thousands of seeds to each plant. And the huge plants, three or four feet in height and almost as many in diameter, break off when frost. comes and are‘- blown headlong over the country, scatteringthe seeds broadcast. This latter characteristic has lead to a proposal, in the Dakotas, to build wi re screen fences at necessary inter- vals, which will stop the plants as they are blown along, and then burn. Yes, you cannot exaggerate the darigerous character of this pest.” “Now that we have it, what stgps are being taken to eradicate it.” “VVhen the plants came from the places I mentioned, we at once wrote to the parties sending to pull and burn every vestige of every plant. In Escanaba the council took hold of the matter vigorously. VVe issued a press} bulletin on the subject last month, and shall probably issue a more complete bulletin next spring. In the meantime we advise farmers to send us suspected plants and seeds for examination, and to watch for the plants along about July.” “Do I uiiderstand you to say that you will examine any seeds that may be sent. you for Russian I thistle seeds?” "Yes, or for any other weed‘ seeds. ncss to make a free examination ’ it of all seeds sent us by citizens of Michigan and to report to the sender the results of the investi- gation. All a farmer needs to do is to mail us a small package of; seeds which are suspected of con- taining foul seed, and we’ll tell him what we discover.” “How did the Russian thistle get into our state?” “That at Charlevoix we think came in baled hay from the north- west. That at Bowne undoubtedly came in seed corn from Mis- souri, which was sold by a Grand Rapids firm for ensilage corn. That in Detroit was brought by the discarded ballast of ships. At Perry the thistle seed came in millet grown out of the state. That at Caro probably came in timothy seed from the west.” “Have any other weed pests been brought into the state in the same way ?" “Yes, the red-root, or wheat- tliief,has been scattered through the state by similar means. Probably threshers have also aided in this case. Rib-grass, or the lance-leaved plantain, comes mainly in clover seed. The horse nettle is another bad weed that is working its way from the west. It is now in Illi- Continued on page '1. It is a part of our bnsi-5* Stations. No. 8. No. 6. E No. 2. Miickiuaw City... . . . _ , , , __ 7-lllaiii 9UlIpm Petoskey _______ __ 5 an a m 9 15 n m :10 :0 p m Manceiuna __ _._ 648nm 10 45am ;l.l558l!1 l Traverse (‘.ity. ____ 700 am 1105 am I ___..___. Walton___ 12 15am imam "'dilI' lu_c.. 1353“) Z l0uin He-=rl(‘ity_ ‘iiiam Ziifiani 3ZUam Bib! Rapids -~ 3 50 8 in Howard City ,__ 4 45 a In Uni. ltapirlsg T; g :3 Kmainiizoo . . , _ ._ :5 «I0 a in Fort Wayne. 12 Ifipm R_irhniond_ _ ' 3 45 p in Fincinnziti _ __ _, 6:30pm l'liici-igo_, 6. p 2U0pi:n Detroit ,, .’i3Uain 10 40pm 1] 40am TB.A[.\'S GOING NORTH. Stations. No. 3 No. 5. l No. 7. (‘hicaero.._____ 3 3-rpm I13|lpm , Detroit ,. 435nm bfipiii ’l40arn (‘in-'innat _ 8 05 am ?< HI! p rn , , . _ . _ . -. Richmond. . [I 00 3 m 11 2.’. p m _ _ _ _ . , _ __ [fort Wayne _ 2. 55 p in Z 30 a. in 7 40 a m Exalamazon_,____- 720pm :’>50ain l12'lam ~ ~ ar Rlfipm 72Hain 100nm Gd’ Hapldsl lv I0 25pm 7 40am 1 25pm I-I_oward.(‘vity __._. ll45pin 90’-am 24r'ipin BU: Rapids. . [235 am l0()0am ‘HUpm lteedility. llifiam ‘l0:E- 5. ti. 7. and 8. daily ex:-ept Sunday. Flo. 2, daily except Saturday night. No. 3. daily except Monday morning. Harbor \‘prinzs trains leave Petosksy 6:30, 9:15 u m and 3:35, 9:20 p m on week days, and at 8 a in and 9:!“ p in Surid:-iys. [_‘rains lenvs Harbor Springs 8:20. 9:15 8. m. 4:2.‘ 9:ln‘p m on week days, and 8:25 a in and 9:45 p in on Sundays. (3. L. Locxwoon, G. P. & T. A., Grand Rapids. The Peoples’ Sailings Bank OF LANSING MICHIGAN. CAPITAL, 150,000.00. , MEAD iinork. LANSING. °““*“-l FRANKLIN NORTH LANSING. OFFICERS. ‘V. J. HEAL. Pl'PHlllF'lf. A. A. WILBUE Vice President, L‘. ll. USBAND, Cashier. We transact a general banking business. In our savings departinent we rec»-ive deposits of one dollar 01' over and pay interest thereon if left three months or longer at 4 per cent. In our commercial department we receive ac- fniints of mi-i‘-'liant.s and business men. We issue interest bearing certificates of deposit If you have any banking business come and see us. , ARE YOU OPPOSED T0 TRUSTS? Will you Back those that Fight them? Every Farmer says Yes. Hannws and En livaloisl of the manufacturer that has spent thousands of dollars fighting combines. THE WHIPPLE HARROW CO., St. Johns, Mich. *'k**k~k********k*k*A'*~k******'k** " ‘ '7 inooniions; rk . w e a rfa nt * ~Av}',‘,",‘_‘ - The Rellagleak * Chg“ '— Talhtch 80 per cam. sxu Rmnu-rim: * * fowl‘ Durable, cause: In Principle. lender * . A: World’: rm. 6:11. in stliripl to: new in pigs Poultry Guide ma com ‘A’ *io¢ue._i°oUi:riu' l-‘DR PROFIT mm plaln. Btd-Rock Informnlon. * «k Reliable Incubator and Broader co..Quincy, III. -k ****'k'k*‘k‘k**k*‘k**‘k********** $15.00 TO $40.00 A WEEK can he iuude working for us, Of special interest and value to llll farmers. Snare hours can ll: used to good iidvzintzige. S. I. Bi-21.1. & C0,, Pllll2l., Pa. The Honey Creek Grange Nurseries have been under contract with the State Grunge of Uhin for over ten years. and have dealt exten- sively in Indiana and Michigan also. Special prices sent to anyone under seal of the Grange. Give us a trial. We can save you money. Address Isaac Freenian & Son, Rex, Ohio. To Exchange, Flouring Mill. Firstclass water power. Lively town. Fine farming country. Doing large business. Will trade for a good farm, Address LOCK BOX 18, Byron, Mich. Jack (rapturou.sly)—Now, darling, will you please name the happy day? Minnie qblushing)—Three weeks from‘ Thursday, Jack. Nora, the kitchen-maid (through the keyhole)-—Az you plaze, miss, that's me reg’lar day out. Ye’ll have to get mar. ried in the early part of the wake.— Ti!- /2715, THE VISITOIC,,tlir(-.e xnonths for ten cents. Every reader iii. vited to send in one name at this rate. Y.. /\ OCTOBER 18, 1894. THE GRANGE VISITOR. I 7 OFFICIAL DIRECTORY Omeers National Grange. . W. D V18 ____ ._ Rosa, Cal. LEOTUREB—ALPHA MESSER____Bochester. Vt. . B. HUNT _______ __ ___,Maine Ass’T S'l'EWAED—A. M. HELCHER Rhode Island CEAPLAIN—lS. L. WLLS()N.__. Mississippi T3nAsUnnn—Mizs. F. M. M(‘.DOWEL.L___,N. Y. 8l:okii'r_Anv—JOHN TRIMBLE Washington, D.C cm: iunmm—w. E. HARRAIJGIL 77 Missouri ‘C-ERES—-MRS. M. S. RHONE , _,Pennsylvanis. POMONA——MRS. MARY I{EARDON,,__, Kansas FLOBA——M RS. ANNIE L. BU LL ____ “Minnesota ~LAn)i Ass'T STi:w’n—MRS. AMANDA HORTON Michigan. Executive Committee. LEONARD RHONE;_Center Hall, Pennsylvania THE RUSSIAN THISTLE. Continued from page 6. nois and Indiana, and has already been reported from a few points in southern Michigan. The rail- roads scatter many noxious weeds. It is not uncommon to be able to trace the path of a noxious weed right along the great railroad lines. The weed question is a pretty serious thing. Few farmers have any conception of the great loss that comes from raising such f’ \‘zlzl’)f;l%‘ii‘.f’i~?9f‘_::::::ti=a; ’p.;.'-:‘iiV.l-‘li‘g'§‘I ?"°““°“S °“°PS °f We‘~‘dS- A”h°“.gh once“ Michigan state Grange. ;lI1‘Ofl(;I€]‘ide.”SeCl31OIlS they are getting ,,,;; ‘,‘..’;1:;:,::: ‘::.‘1:::.P° the S'i'i:wAaD—A. P. GRAY _________________ __ Archie ,, ' . Ass’T s-mwxim—J. H. MARTIN, Box 44?.,1§ril§l1(: _t fafimers should gas in this hab- ¥§.*;i’;“.3.‘.‘:;_“s‘.“,E guise. **_*?‘él*;.i.’l§;°.';§ ;m?..d“;;§§..ZlfPf§.Z. 5 6%: SEoiuc'rAnv~JENN1E BUELL Ann Arbor ’ 3' grown 0“ GATE KEEPER—GEO. L. CARLISLE__Kalkaska (‘.I«:nns—MARY C. ALLIS side of the state. Adrian In some cases FI.oizA—MRS SARAH A S’l‘:'(‘l§AIR" Butternut POMONA—M HS. A. A. LEIGHTON, . .Old Mission L. A. STEW'D—MRS. J.H. MARTIN Grand Rapids Executive Committee. J. G. RAMSDELL, Chn _________ ..Traverse (‘ity LATT ________ “Ypsilanti Berrien Center ..._Fruit Ridge _-.,A.ui1 Arbor Committee on Woman's Work in the Grange. ' Mrs. Mary A. Mayo ________________ _.Battle (‘reek Mrs. Mary Sherwood Hinds _ _____ ..Sta.nton Mrs. Belle Royce, ______________________ __Baroda General Deputy Lecturers. MARY A. MAYO _Battle Creek HON. J. J. WOODM __.Puw Paw HON. (1. G. LUVE __ Goldwater HON. PERRY MAYO ..,_Battle (‘reek HON THOS. inns Berrien Center JASOV WOODMAN -__.Paw P_aw A. D. BANK _ _ . . . . _ . . . . . ..Lansmg (J. L. WHITNEY......-. ...............Muskes0n County Deputies. D_ H_ S[¢lil)1'[]S ______ __ ___,.~\t\vood, .-'\Iiti‘im C . -__Ifl(H)i‘llll'1f_T(llllt‘. .'\llL‘;_f'.1II “ ______ _, liiluml, lit-n7.ic “ _ _ _ _ __Dmvliii5.;. Ilurrv “Union City, Bruiicli “ Ilucliziiiaiii, llcrricn “ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,St. _]0lin.<, ('lintnn “ ___ Battle Creek, Cullinun “ ,_Cll‘.lY‘l8\‘(\lX, Ch;u'le\'oi_\' “ _,_Cli:irlc\'oix, Cli:ll’lC\‘0l.\' “ _____I)o\\':igi:u: C:1.'~'s' “ Eaton l{:ipi(‘ls. ton __ _ Alum, Grutiot “ _Flu.: 73]‘ ing villages and a. handsome utyl,‘ prose [8 rosperitv of the people. The sclioos an co . eges of Mt. Pleasant. are excellent. Outs, cloyer, sheep, potatoes and fruits for general farfllmgy co.-n_ hay and rich pastures for dairyinglaigfd stock raising, have made many fariners wel o , others are rospering, and so can you. ‘Unlin- proved him 5, valuable timber lands, pdrtv imé proved farms, and farms highly 'lfiiI{?ll'()\ .31”. choice Ow mpeny for sale or real y ow prices. For sampcs of d(:SCI'1pll0l'IS of such priipert) as ou lT‘l2lV desire and feel ‘able to‘ buy‘, ‘p ease ad ress COOK'S REAL LSTATL AGENCY, Mt Pleasant, Mich. " Name some of the qualifications for a United States senator,” said a professor to a young man who was being examinfid I01‘ admission to college. “ He must be ab°Ve thirty years of age, be above sixteen Dutch standard, and be able to stand the polari-. scope test,” replied the applicant. He got marked I00.-—Pitlsl2urg C/Iromcle. Lieut. X—I say, old chappie,you haven’t heard that I yesterday wrm 150,000 marks in the lottery? Lieut. Z —You don t say so? Lucky dog; why you neednt get manied_—Fl1'egendc Bltzltcr. The Shopper-—I’d like to buy that lovely lamp shade, but I can’t afford to pay $10 for it. The salvsman~VVell, madam, I’ll make the price $9.99. The ShoppeI‘~~0h. how good of you; I’ll take it.-«C/llctzgo Record. the use of a fanning mill will take out a good many weed seeds. I believe there is now a mill made for this purpose. Then farmers can do much by keeping their own farms clean. I used to have to go out with a brush hook, when a boy, and annihilate every weed in sight. That old-fashioned practice can well be utilized today. Of course the various weed laws should be enforced, both along railroads and on liighways. I was glad to note in the last VISITOR that your Grange is taking this matter up. The enforcement of that highway weed law will be of great service.” “But why shouldu’t we have a pure seed law? There surely is need of it.” “There is need enough of it. But it is rather a hard matter toget at. I know of nothing adequate unless we adopt the essentials of the English law, which provides for the inspec- tion of all seeds olfered for sale. Such a sentiment has been develop- ed that no farmer will buy seeds unless they are guaranteed to be clean. MONEY FOR EVEI{YBOI)Y! I can’t understand why people complain of hard times, when any womziii or man can make from $5 to $10 21 day easily. All have lieard of the \’VO11de1‘fl1llSLlCC€SS of the Climax Dish \V£1Sl1€l‘; yet we are apt to think we cau’t make money selling it; but any one can niake money, because cverv family \_\'£,1ntS one. I made $47 ‘.36 in tlie last three months, aftcrp:1yiiig:ill expenses and attending to my regular business be- sides. You don’t have to cziiivass; as soon as people know you have it. for sale they send for a Dish \Vaslier. Address the Climax Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio, for par- ticulars. Go to work at once, and you will very soon liavea full pocket book and a light heart. I think it 21 duty to inform each other of such opportunities, and I also think it a duty to improve them while we may. Try it :ltOI1Ce, and publish your experience so others may be benefited. 0 l' R 0l{GAl\'I'I.A'l‘ION. [Read at Huron County Pomona Grange by W. Burhaus.j Possibly you think this a very commonplace subject to write on; but let me assure you it is one that many of us are faithfully inter- ested in, and we sincerly hope that all of our class who are outside the gate many exercise charity toward and investigate the object and work of the Grange without prejudice. Also that all Patrons may indeed be worthy by following the pre- cepts of our Order with fidelity. Let us persevere in the good cause, be honest. be just, and fear not, and receive that welcome plaudit “lVell done, good and faithful servant.” We are proud of the Grange and its past, for it has a past. The National Grange met in its twenty- seventh annual session at Syracuse, N. Y., in the latter part of 1893, and our own State Grange met in its twenty-first annual session in December, 1893, at Lansing. A new generation of Grange workers is coming on the field of life. The Grange in some states has been more practical, progres- sive, and more of a financial bene- fit than in ours, especially in those states that cooperate in reality in- stead of theory. I have no record now, but think with more time I could find proofs for the state- ments I am about to make, though my memory and observation may be defective. VVhen the Grange was organized the time was ripe, indeed should be in all places where the farmers have little social life, -a mutual distrust of each other, and an excess of middlemen between the producer and the con- sumer. It was a grand fraternal organization for self-culture and mutual improvement. Not sec- tional, but national, non-sectari- an, non-partisan, teaching prac- tically the common brotherhood of man, the fatherhood of God. It also was a home society. Woman was admitted equally with man excepting the difference in initiation fee. It grew slowly at first, and then was nearly ruined by too much of a boom. Many were at- tracted with motives too selfish for the good of the Order. In this marvelous growth of membership many were admitted who were not eligible as tillers of the soil, but possibly owned a village lot or bought a few acres for the purpose of becoming “ a farmer to farm the farmers.” Their selfish motives availed them little except the harm it did the Grange. Of course they saw the inconsistency of a farmer society admitting doctors, judges, lawyers, surveyors, chronic poli- ticians, carpenters, millers, black- smiths, store keepers, country postmasters, agents and clergymen, all good men in their places but not in the Grange. We as farmers are not eligible in the societies of professional men nor in those of mechanics or dealers; therefore it was not best to take in those not directly interested as tillers of the soil. Another thing which hurt the Grange in this state was the failure of cooperative stores, and it seemed to destroy all ideas of practically cooperating in this state. A reason for failure was wrong business methods and lack of cooperation which is one of the essential features of success in our Order. It is with pride we point to the past when the Michigan State Grange took up the cause of the farmer against the companies who were going to sue the farmers for infringement of patent rights and royalties. THE GRANGE VISITOR. Probably two-thirds of the Graiiges here are (loriiiant for vari- ouscauses;such as members indulg- ing too much in party politics in the Grange, having too many mem- bers not directly interested in agriculture as the tie that binds; indivitlual prejudices; and too many anxious for what they could make out of it in a material way, not caring for the social and men- tal improvement of themselves and families. Then it has been noticed that such an enticing amusement as dancing has caused more trouble than any other one thing. It is curiously strange that so many of us have such cranky prejudices against the little heel and toe enjoyment. Some wish to increase their influence and im- prove their minds according to the motto of the GRANGE VISITOR: The farmer is of more impor- tance than the farm and should be first improved. Others believe that to have a good foundation is of the utmost importance and the proper way to elevate their char- acters is to begin at the bottom and work up by starting with the foot. But my friends the pur- poses, principles, and objects of the Grange, no matter which way the members may think, if adhered to will be a benefit to the indi- vidual, the family, the locality, the state and nation. CAUSES FOR DORMANCY. The Grange would be stronger in membership, influence, and of more benefit if the specific objects of the Order had been followed. There was one thing done by the State Grange in the past which I always feel like praising; that is starting the only Grange paper controlled by the Grange. It is a society paper, with good, clean, healthful reading matter, besides Grange news. And being edited at Lansing it informs us of legisla- tive niatters interesting to farmers regardless of our political faith. The editor is a young man and the paper under his management shows him to be of broad views and liberal mind and devoted to the farmer’s cause and improvement. You may find those who do not like the paper, but ask them if they read it and the answer is “ No.” It is not a newspaper nor filled with sensational stories, it is not a fashion paper, nor does it take the place of an agricultural journal. It should be in every farmer’s home in the state. Yet many of our members do not take it; eyes have they but they see not. It is a good paper but not fully appreciated. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The Grange by not fully attend- ing to its declaration gave some cause for the starting of other farmers’ organizations, and they have been wrecked or nearly so on two rocks——by taking members who are not allied closely enough to agriculture and by giving party politics too important a place in the society. As Patrons we regret their failure and are sorry; for too many will lose confidence in the benefits of a. class organization. We sincerely hope that those who from their experience realize the necessity of organizing will join the Grange; or, better still, orga- nize a new one if far enough away. But remember, that as water never rises above its source, so the sub- ordinate association will never be better than the members com- posing it, no matter how elevating or beneficial the cause may be. If the Grange awakens again to its duties, with its old time vigor and ripened experience, we will have great increase in membership and hope for the good time coming when we shall have a Grange in every agricultural township. PRACTICAL CO-OPERATION. Practical cooperation is a success in other states, particularly in the east, and if it is not done in Mich- igan we will drop out as a Grange state. A few of these ways I will mention, such as a Grange saving association. \Ve, believe that many of the older settled parts of the state have a surplus of money which is hoarded in a savings bank at a low rate of interest, from which it is loaned to bankers and money sharks in the newer settled portions of the state, who loan it to brother farmers at a high rate of interest. Now this could be done by the Grange with safety for the de- positor and saving to the one who borrows, dispensing with one set of costly and superfluous Il1l(l(lle- nieu. Building and loan associa- tions seems to be of much benefit iii the cities and villages of our state, and a saving and loan asso- ciatiou would be the same for the farmer. The National Grange has been thinking of this and have a special committee appointed to see if this can be done. A mutual benefit or life insurance association could be taken up by the Grange just as cheaply and as well as by any other fraternal society. They are a success and it would be the same in the Grange at a great saving to many of our members, who, to obtain this benefit have to join a society especially for that purpose. Another is in regard to city commission houses or ex- changes bringing the producer nearer the coiisumer. Insurance against loss by fire is another. The Michigan State Grange may do something in regard to this. THE LAST STATE GRANGE. Oh, yes, the last session of the State Grange was an important one; in fact, the most important in many years. It will make an event in the history of the Grange which we will be proud of in the future and shows a likelihood toward the farmers’ interests in keeping with its avowed object at the time of its beginning. It will return again in purity to its first love. They always resolve at these sessions but last session something very strange happened; they acted in a way which gives us renewed hope and will strengthen our Order. Uusually these reso- lutions are tabled or left for the executive committee to fill their waste basket or else turned over to the chairman of the executive com- mittee to sift with his judicial mind, which he is so well qualified to do, as he can plead both sides of the same cause with equal legal ability. We have been running with one man power too long. Bring on the mule teams. But, better still here are some traction engines for the Grange. The executive com- mittee this year are charged with the making of early arrangements to enable Patrons to buy at whole- sale prices. A committee on edu- cation will study the district school, the agricultural college, institute a reading circle work. The committee on woman’s work arranged outings this summer for poor children and girls from the cities in Grange homes. A legis- lative committee was appointed to carry out the wishes of the Grange in legislative matters and a sub- committee to investigate the sub- ject of fire insurance. Hurrah for the Michigan State Grange! Hurrah for our leaders, who show clearly the interest they have toward their brother farmers! But signs of new life showed in the previous session when the Farm Home Reading Circle was talked of and afterwards started; that is something of credit to the State Grange in recent years. May it be a fore-runner of increas- ing benefits for many years to come. We shall then not have to hunt the records of the past to find the good the Grange has done, but we will know what it is doing. We cannot live alone on past glory; there must be present work. Here is hope for the future in our work. Our future then depends on the fidelity of Patrons to their work. We hope this little leaven may leaven the whole lump, and from talking they will get us working together, practically cooperating; strengthening the Grange and benefiting the members in every way. We have now a bright omen for the future. If we as members do our duty success is assured. Admit only those eligible. As the children grow up there is no better place- for them than in a live Grange. \Ve have enough to do in attending to our own work to keep us busy. If we do not this we will stray from Grange fields to those we should not enter. It is then only a Grange in name, not in principle. lVith the youth growing up in an active Grange its influence for good cannot be estimated. Let us be noted for fidelity. SHALL I)I.\IIGI{ATIO.V BE PROHIBITED! Read before Pomona (~.;;...... at Elk Lake, By Mrs. Wm. Dunn. There has been considerable anxiety for the last two years on fi.('C()1l11l of the many arrivals of lforeiguers within our borders. Therefore the question arises, have foreigiiers been more detrimental than beneficial to America? When we look on every side of us we see the many beautiful homes which they have liewn out of the wilderness and which would per- haps have remained in its native state,lia(lit notbeeii for their inclus- try and fi'u_<_;ality in OI“l€1' to secure homes in a country which has ever offered so many advantages to all classes, equality being a funda- mental principle of our goveriiiiient. It secures to all who become citi- zens an equal measure of liberty, freedom of speech and right of posession. Neither are we impover- ished by their owiiership or increase in wealth, for in the same propor- tion is the value of all real estate increased. As industry is essential to prosperity, they have, by beauti- fying Hzcir homes made ours more valuable. On the other hand, have inventions, iiidiistries, society, schools, literature or arts and accom- pliihments suffer ed or their prog- ress been impeded because the foreigner composed a part of our citizens? The leading object of those who afterward settled their new discoveries was to secure to them- selves and posterity the blessings of liberty. \Ve are all familiar with their many privations, in peace and war, with both the Iiatives and their mother country, and of our debt of gratitude which we owe to a foreign people, who assisted us to make a national life possible, and whom the father of our country at all times relied upon and without whom he could not have succeeded. In this way it may be said that we are indebted to all nations of the earth for our place in the world, for in 1861 when we were involved in a civil war and our flag was endangered the foreign citizens showed their patriotism by rallying around its standard. Many companies were they also shared with their Ameri- can brothers the southern prisons and were slain on the battle field. Should we deny, then, to their countrymen and perhaps relatives the blessings of homes in this land of plenty and the liberty they have so richly earned? And while we realize that a large portion of the population of this country is made up of Europeans with their various ideas of government, still we have no grave apprehensions, believing the wisdom and courage of our public officers sufficient to subdue any turbulent or revolutionary ele- ments that have come among us through any possible laxity of our immigration laws, which may need amendments and restrictions while they need not prohibit immigration. As to inventions, it would seem they were perfection in its entirety and that nothing more is required Continued on page 8. composed almost entirely "of them;- THE GRANGE V ISITOB . OCTOBER 18, 1894. Notices of Mae.-lings. ST, JOSEPH POMONA. St. Joseph county Pomona, No. 4, will hold its next regular meeting with Park- ville Grange on the first Thursday in No- vember. All fourth degree members are requested to be present. Mas. HENRY COOK, Sec. Grange News. Correspondents, and all Patrons indeed, are re quested to send us postal cartls giving some _news iottin_ ,—-anything of interestto you. It will inter- est ot ers Please also send short answers to some or all of the following questions. Help] us to make this the most valuable column in the is- ITOR. 1. How is your Grange prospering? 2. Have you man young peo le? 3 Vlfhat do outsi ers think 0 your Grange and its work ? 4, What difficulties do you meet? 5, What are your prospects? _ 6, Vvhat is most needed in Grange work in your vicinity? 7. In what way are your members most benefited by belonging to the Grange? OBITUARY. “ Death is the crown of life." Bruce and Armada Grange, No. 657, mourn the loss of their sister, Mrs. Phebe Warner. Sister Warner was one of the most active and useful members of this Grange, and her loss will be deeply felt. Mrs. J. H. Forster, wife of our honored brother who died last spring, passed away last week. She has been failing since the death of Brother Forster, and her friends had realized that she could not remain long. I POSTAL JOTTINGS, Where are yourjottings? Send them in, Brother George McDoiigall, of Superior Grange, is a delegate to State Grange. EDITOR GRANGE VIsIToR——Being away from home I did not see the VISITOR of October 4 until Sunday the 7th. Open- ing it I beheld a supplement, that on first column was headed “ To Each Reader.” “Can we count on you?” And after reading the whole supple- ment. and seeing that one trial subscrib- er would do you, I said yes, you can count on me. The next morning I step- ped out among my neighbors and said to them I want ten cents. That wasn't much, and they began feeling in their pockets. After getting the ten cents. I remarked, I would send them the GRANGE VISITOR for three months. I multiply your request by three. This is not many, but if each subscriber will do this much you will get up some I proposed and carried in our Grange last March to take money out of our treasury and supi-ly each family of our Grange with the VIsiToR. If all Gran- ges would do this, and they might very easily, it would be a. good investment for than, and help you to make it more valuable as a Grange paper. Not, but it is a very good paper now, but two thousand more names added to your list would enable you to make it more valuable. Gno. T. HALL, Past Master Portage Grange. SHALL IMMIGRATION BE PROHIB- I’l‘EI)‘Z Continued from page 7. in that way toincrease the comfort, profit or pleasure of mankind. Our schools are conceded to be the best in the world and they are being largely patronized by all classes, V and still there is room. Nothing has been more apparent than the progress of journalism and litera- ture all over the world, particularly in the United States. ‘V9 have never had so many scholars or so many gnotl thinkers and writers as now. Yellow cove-red literature is fast disappearing from the shelves and counters of stationers and booksellers: a. healthy and more elevating style is becoming popular. Thus, with our good public schools, presided over by well educated and refined teachers, the whole people are becoming cultivated and better- ed; the immoral and vicious wheth- er native or foreign, are not nearly so daring as they formerly were. Hence society and morals are not suffering by immigration, on the contrary they are mostly patient, industrious, self-reliant and self- dependent people. Their wealth, if slowly accumulated, is generally retained; their economy is truly praisewortliy. Thus we consider the foreign actual settler ‘a bt‘Ilr'l'll'. to America, but we are thoroughly opposed to foreigners owning land or establish- ing plants in this country and dwelling in their native land for we believe they are accumulating and carrying abroad wealth that should be used here; that they have no interest in the politics or prosperity of our nation. There- fore if a Carnegie wishes to manu- facture iron or steel in America let him leave Scotland and become a. I-iiiz.-n where his industries are. If English syndicates wish to own land in this country let them be- come American citizens and dwell on or near their possessions. In our opinion the requirements for citizenship should not be a limited time for foreigners to reside in this country, but the requirements should be that every foreigner and his family must be able to read and write the English language before they are allowed to vote and then not only the father and son, but mother and daughter, twenty-one years of age shall have the right of franchise and that civil government should be very early and more generally taught in our schools. We believe the right of self government can be valuable only as it is exercised intelligently, yet it is 3. lamentable fact that thousands of our young men, native Americans, reach their majority who have never given the state and national constitution so much as a single reading and that many of the foreigners do not know what the article contains with which they crowd the ballot box as they are ad- vised by others. Is it to be wonder- ed that when such men assume the high privileges of free men without knowing what the responsibilities of a freeman are. that questions of public policy involving constitu- tional principles are not unfro- quently decided by popular suf- frage and the very object of a free people defeated. This evil can only be remedied by educating the rising generation to properly discharge their political duties. If this is done the son of the foreigner will have equal opportunities with that of the American and will be as patriotic. We shall work together under common international laws and people all the world over will learn to protect and stand up for each other. CROP REPORT. ,-- u MICHIGAN. DEPARTMENT or STATE, Lansing, October 9, 1894. i Reports at hand form the basis for the following statements: Acres of wheat harvested in 1894 ___________________ __ 1,287,854 Bushels ___________________ __ 21,627,649 Average yield per acre _____ __ 16.79 The acres here given are as shown by the farm statistics of the state taken by supervisors last spring; the average per acre is taken from records kept by threshers, and the total yield is obtained by multiply- ing the number of acres in each county by the average per acre and footing the products. Correspondents this month were requested to estimate the proportion of the Wheat crop that will be fed to stock. The average of their esti- mates is about 18 per cent or nearly one-fifth of the crop. It is yet early to make this estimate. At the most the figures represent only what farmers expect to feed. They are now feeding largely to hogs, later they will feed to other stock. The total number of bushels of wheat reported marketed by farmers since the September report was published is 1,523,271, and in the two months, August-September, 2,476,074. This is 1,050,430 bushels less than reported marketed in the same months last year. Oats are estimated to yield nearly 28% bushels per acre; barley, 18;’; and corn, 40 bushels. Potatoes are estimated to yield 44 per cent of an average crop, and winter apples are estimated at one-half, and late peaches three-fourths of an aver- age crop. FROM NEWAYGO. Hesperia, M1'ch., Oct. 5, 18.94. EDITOR GRANGE VISITOR-I have not seen any report in the VISITOR from Newaygo county in nearly two years, and hope you will not take it amiss if I tell you that we are still alive and very active. \Ve held our convention at Ensley, October 2, also Pomona Grange, and we Hesperians drove thirty-six miles across the country to attend, the largest delegation being from Hesperia. Ashland was well represented also. Ensley Giange is small, but they are good workers and know how to entertain. The discussion on the “Peach yellows,” led by Mr. Whitbeck of Ensley, was the best we ever listened to and the most instructive. The meeting was delightful and instructive all the way through, and at meal time we all took a short walk to F. Hillman’s com- modious new house where the meals were served, and the palates were tickled with chicken pie and other substantials. We all brought home Sister Ha.skin’s receipt for making ginger cookies, and if any other Patron would like it we are ready to furnish it on short notice. The meeting closed at noon October 2, and after a good, warm dinner we started for home. We went in the rain and came home in the rain; but a loyal Patron never gets wet. We did not get lost and make Rice lake three times, like some of our brethren. We had a jolly, good time and intend to go again. ONE wno WAS THERE. A REJOINDER. EDITOR GRANGE VIsIToR—In your issue of Oct. 4, Mr. Voorhees attempts to justify the license sys- tem by giving an illustration of the failure of prohibition. I submit that he does not state the case fairly. “One swallow does not make a sum- mer,” nor does one illustration of this kind make or unmake the effi- ciency of a law. It is only by con- sidering conditions in the aggregate that we arrive at just conclusions. He is also unfair in giving an illus- tration of prohibition at its worst and license at its best. But I hasten to answer his ques- tion, “Which is the better,” with- out intentionally quibbling. In the cases he has named I ad- mit that the license system may be productive of less open debauchery. But how would it be if the license- laws were enforced no better than the prohibitory ones? Can not his protrayal of the wickedness in La Grange be duplicated in license Michigan? While not posing as an advocate of local option, I can yet see ad- vantages which prohibition La Grange has over a license city. Which place would the innocent youth he the most apt to enter, the “blind pig” of La Grange or one of our own “respectable” $500 “sample rooms,” with its gilded front, smirk- ing salesman and various devices for capturing the unwary? I still prefer prohibition La Grange because there is a chance for the law-abiding citizens to drive the liquor demon from their midst, while under the license system the traffic can not be curtailed to any great extent. Even if prohibition is a partial failure, it does not prove that license is right. It is no more right than is the licensing of gambling, prosti- tutions or train wrecking. Now, Mr. Editor, you Want to know “what can we do today. under present circumstances?” Practi- cally nothing. Why? Because. present officials owe their election to the trickery of a class of men who do not want existing laws en- forced. No candidate can be elected to any office of importance in na- tion, state, or county, without satis- fying liquor dealers that he will at least maintain an attitude of indif- ference toward all laws which in any way hamper their trade. How different would it be with Officials elected by moral citizens only? Then itwould notonly be an officer’s moral duty, but it would also be political wisdom to enforce the laws. The farmers can aid in solving: the liquor question, and only by their help can it be solved. The curse may not fall as heavily on them as 9. class, but it is on them just the same. It is the mistaken idea that liquor drinking harms only the drinker, that causes so much apathy among good citizens. You have well said that the tem- perance people are asleep, and it is in the hope that I can do a little to help arouse them that I have ad- dressed you. May they not sleep too long. J. L. DAVIS. BUSINESS! EDITOR GRANGE VIs1ToR—By special invitation of Helena Grange No. 676, of Antrim county, about twenty members of Kalkas- ka Pomona visited that Grange October 11 and 12, at its hall in Alden, and held a special meeting under the auspices of that Grange. Its sessions were all open and everyone was invited to come in, and notwithstanding the weather was not the best, the hall was well filled and an especially large attend- ance on the evening of the 11th instant. A good program was provided by the Lecturer and carried out to the letter. Helena Grange has for some time past been at a standstill; its location is excellent and the community surrounding is of the best, but the interest in the Grange was at a low ebb outside of a few faithful Patrons who by dint of “Potash in Agriculture.” Results prove conclusively that by the use of fertilizers ric/2 in potas/z the crops of Wheat and Rye are largelyincreased and the soil is positively enriched. We will cheerfully mail our pamphlets on Potash, its Use and Abuse on the Farm, free of cast. They will cost you nothing to read, and will save you dollars. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York. hard work kept up the organiza- tion. The generous and hearty wel- come with which we were received and cared for caused every visitor to feel that the visit would be a successful one, as it really was. Helena Grange is stronger today than ever before, and we of Kal- kaska Pomona believe that truly “ It is more blessed to give than to receIve.” We were informed by Deputy D. H. Stebbins, of Antrim county, that within the next few weeks two new Granges would be organized in that county and a. Pomona Grange at the earliest possible moment. Among other things We did not fprget the VISITOR and I enclose a list of nineteen names for three months subscription, and draft for same. A. E. PALMER. TRAVERSE CITY GRANGE TALKS. [Reported for the Grand Traverse Herald.) After opening this meeting. there there was some more testimony given as to the benefits of the Grange. Mr. Warner said What the Grange had done for him couldn’t be measured by dollars and cents. He had joined for a selfish purpose —he wished to practice in speak- ing——standing and thinking at the same time. He had gained more than he expected in this direction —can now think and speak with much greater case than he did, and he had also learned about parlia- mentary subjects. What improve- ment he has made he owes wholly to the Grange. Mrs. Irish read an essay on the benefits she had derived from being a member of the Order. Mrs. Dickerman joined the Patrons of Husbandry in 1874. She then couldn’t speak at all in a public meeting. It had helped her to speak, by practicing, wonder- fully. Can apply the parliament- ary rules learned here to other society meetings, which is a great advantage. Mr. Acker used to think be- fore he joined the Grange that he knew all about farming. Now he finds he has learned a. great deal he did not know about general farming and also raising fruit. It is a good school for any one who will pay attention to what is said and done at the Grange. Mrs. Cram had received great advantage from it and wishes she had been more faithful. THE VISITOR, tliree months for ten omits. Every rezulcr iii- vitcd to send in one iiaiinc at this rate. $150.00 a Year and All Expenses \‘\'i: \\'l1lll2 a few more G('nlY1ll Agents, l:iIliL-.~. or gciitlciiicn, to travel and nippoiiit ugciits on our new publiczitions. Full p;|rti('ul:irs given on llhpllclltlfin, If you apply please send refrrciiecs. :i.i d .~t2ite busi- ness experience, age, and send pliotogrzipli. If you cannot tr:i\'cl, write us for terms to loc:il c:inv:iss— I-rs, Addres- S. l. Bi-LI. & (3-i., Phil <