kn RARMER IS OF MORE CONSEQ UENCE THAN.-THE FARM, AND SHOULD BE FIRST IMPROVED.” VOL. XIX, N0. 922. I LANSING, MICHIGAN, NOVEMBEl’t 15, 1894. WHOLE ‘N0. 454. TA X REl’0l{M. ‘Ye learned that Hon. John F. Brandon, a member of the Grange who was also a member of the lower house of the last hlissonri legislature, had introduced a bill that was intended to be a simple but effective measure of tax reform. \Ve wrote Mr. Brandon for an explanation of his bill, and have had the same on our desk for some time. And now that our own tax law has been thus far explained in Mr. VVright’s articles, we considered‘ it a favorable time to present Mr. Brandon’s article to our readers. “'e also publish a letter from Mr. Brandon. The Bill. The mainfeaturesof the bill are as follows: The assessor or his deputy or deputies shall, between the first days of June and January, and after being furnished with the necessary books and blanks by the county clerk. at the expense of the county, proceed to take a list of the taxable per- sonal property in his county, town or dis- trict, and assess the value thereof in the manner following, to wit: He shall call at the oflice, place of doing business or resi- dence of each person required by this chapter to list property, and shall require such person to make a correct statement of all taxable property owned by such under person. or the care, charge, -or management of such person ex- except merchandise which may be re- required to pay a license tax, being in any county in this state,in accordance with the provisions of this chapter: and the person listing the property shall enter a true and 4 correct statement of such property in a printed or written blank prepared for that purpose; which statement after being filled out shall be signed and sworn to, to the extent required by this chapter, by the person listing the property, and delivered to the assessor; such list to contain: First———A list of all the real estate annu- ally, and its value, to be listed and assessed on the lirst day of June, 1881, and (bienni- ally), thereafter, anything in this or any * very apt to report, and in that event the other act to the contrary. Sec0nd~A list of all the live stock, showing the number of horses, mares and geldings and their value, the number of asses and jennets and their value, the num- ber of mules and their value, the number of neat cattle and their value, the number of sheep and their value, the number of hogs and their value, and all other live stock and its value. Third-—An aggregate statement of all the farm machinery and implements and their value. Fourth-—A statement of household prop- erty, including the number of pianos and other musical instruments, clocks, watches, chains and appendages, sewing machines, gold and silver plate, jewelry, household and kitchen furniture and the value thereof. Fifth.—Money on hand. Si.rih—Money deposited in any bank or other safe place. Se1:enth—All notes unsecured by mort- gage or deed of trust. Eight/z—All notes secured by mortgage or deed of trust. .\'infh——All bonds, whether state, county, town, city, township, corporated or unin- corporated companies. T enth—All other property not above enumerated (except merchandise) and its value; under this head shall be included all pleasure carriages of all kinds, all shares of stock or interest held in steam- boats, keel-boats, wharf-boats and all other Vessels, all toll-bridges, all printing presses, type and machinery therewith connected, and all portable mills of every description, and all post-coaches, carriages, wagons and other vehicles used by any person in the transportation of mails (except railway carriages), all carriages, hacks, wagons, buggies and other vehicles of every kind and description kept or used by liverymen, all carts, hacks, omnibuses, and other vehicles used in the transporta- tion of persons (except railway carriages), and all paintings and statuary, and every other species of property not exempt by law from taxation, It is hereby made the duty of the county court to furnish the assessor a seal, with the word “assessed,” and the year such assessment is made; said seal not to cost exceeding five dollars, to be paid for out of the county treasury; and it is hereby made the duty of every assessor to stamp his . seal on all notes and bonds as above speci- fied; and, any note or bond not hearing such seal, as herein required; the owner thereof shall forfeit and pay to the payor twenty-five per cent of said note or bond 5 for each year that said note or bond is not assessed and stamped, said twenty-five per cent to be entered as a credit upon said note or bond, and to have in all respects the same force and effect as a part pay- ment thereof: Providerl, That no owner of such note or bond shall be required to . make such forfeit for lack of the stamp of ‘ the assessor’s seal when such note or bon(l did not exist at the time provided by law for assessing such property and provided further that if any note or bond should be lost and cannot be found within the time given by law for assessing property the I the owner may, should such note or bond be procured any time thereafter, collect the same in full, provided, that in lieu of said note or bond he shall produce an affi- davit as to the amount of such note or bond and have it assessed and stamped, and all notes and bonds so stamped shall be assessed the same as other personal property. Mr. B1'a11d011’.~‘ Letter. “This bill makes nothing taxable that is not taxable under the law, but compels the holders of notes and bonds to present them to the assessor to be assessed and stamped. And all notes or bonds not bearing the assessor’s seal, the owner- Lllcfeuf shall forfeit EIIU pay to sin, t,:.._-,--2 twenty-five per cent of said notes or bonds for each year they are not assessed and stamped. Some argue that the twenty- five per cent forfeit should go into the school fund, but in that event the force and effect of the bill, to a greater degree, would be destroyed. It is not supposed that any persons know about the notes and bonds except the giver and holder. And if the giver of notes or bonds did not re- ceive any of the benefits he would not be forfeiture would never be made except when collected by law. And when the giver of notes or bonds receives none of the bene- fits the holder could compromise with him for half the amount of the taxes, with the understanding that he would not report said note or bond. So you can see the fallacy of the idea. The bill only requires notes and bonds to be assessed as other personal property. “The holders of notes and bonds have always given as a reason for not giving in these notes and bonds, that they were assessed at their face value, while other personal property was assessed at about fifty per cent. So I have them assessed as personal property, both as to value and ratio, that is all notes are to be assessed at their value just like hogs, cattle and other property. If a note is worth only fifty cents on the dollar that is all ithas to be assessed for. And should any persons have notes or bonds that they have good reasons to believe they may never get anything for, yet have a faint hope that some day they may get something, can give them in at their value if that is ten cents on a thou- sand dollars. Then all notes and bonds so given in shall be assessed at the same ratio as other personal property. You can see that an honest man, who gives in his notes and bonds under the present law, will pay less taxes under my bill, but the rascals. who have not been giving them in, will have to pay their proportional part of the taxes. “From the best information I can get about one dollar out of ten is given in for taxation. This bill, should it become a law, would almost double the assessment, and make those who should pay taxes pay them. Farmers cannot hide their land nor stock, and often they give their stock in on the first (lay of June as the law requires, and sometimes before the end of the year one or two thousand dollars worth of that stock is dead, but they have to pay taxes on them all the same.” Fraternally yours, JOHN F. BRANDON. 1 I "IE. J. WRIGHT, TAX DEPARTNIENT, TAX ATION IN )I[CHI(a‘x.\.\'. AITDITOR csxERAL’s OFFICE. VI. 11.1 closing the last published paper of 3 this series I promised to consider in this issue some of the derelictions of assessors, but Brother Buttertield has given me an assignment this week as associate editor of the puzzle department, and I must let the assessors rest in peace another fortnight. l l l ed in the state, but no intelligent man who has seen anything of the practices of Michigan assessors will presume to say that the figures thus obtained would bear any material relation to the aggregate of _ taxable personal property. 6. The relative proportion of real estate in the limits of municipal corporations and 5 in townships is not determinable from any data at hand. 7. The relative taxes paid by real estate , and personal property relatively may be I estimated from United States census re- The conundrunis that I am expected to l solve are contained in a letter from a high- fl ly esteemed member of the Michigan State Grange to a well known statistician, who 3 _ _ , can intelligently arrive at even an opinion referred them to the editor of the VISITOR as the easiest way of getting rid of a lot of ‘_ 3 borne by real and personal estate respect- ‘ ively, but he has asked enough to serve as questions that he could not answer. Here , they are: “ Could you, without too much trouble, give me some tig- cires on the following: "1. The value of all real estate in Michigan, exclusive of that owned by corporations which pay specific taxes, and school lands.‘ “2: The value of the property of corporations which pay x-pacific taxes, and the percentage of the earnings of such corporations paid as specific tax? “3. Upon what basis of value are the earnings of stock companies paying specific taxes computed? "l. .[‘he amount of money on deposit in banks,less the Capital stock‘! Five of deposits in banks? :: The division of real estate between town and country? 1. The relative amount of taxes paid upon real estate and Personal property! ' “ What I desire to draw from the above is whether or not real estate pays a much larger proportion of taxes than does perspnal propertygalso whether or not corporations that pay specific tar es pay much less than the law designs. “ I have not asked for all the figures necessary to get at tress facts will you please add them.” ‘ The writer of the letter is much better informed than the average citizen, and he ports when published, but cannot be re- liably determined by any data at hand. The enquirer has asked but a few of the questions that must be answered before he as to the relative proportion of taxation an illustration of the fact that there is at hand but a little of the data necessary to enable those who desire to study the prob- lem of equal taxation to proceed under- standingly. ~ Later I shall probably present some esti- ; mates in the direction of the foregoing ; enquiries; but it will require extended 5. The amount of personal property in the state, exclu- ‘ had no intention of asking unanswerable («_.:nundru1ns; but that is just what he has a (He has also demonstrated the fact . ~‘ 1717* 3-‘ '~n"L ~<..".-'—e>~»-‘—--r...J1- , 5..\.,-3.’.-.‘.i:~.“-»~‘”4--. standing of ‘ the scope of ti‘, specific tax laws. A consideration of his enquiries will make this apparent. 1. The valuation of taxable property as equalized by the state board of equalization in 1891 is $l,l30,000,000.00. The valuation as assessed in that year was $952,701,115.14 and as equalized by the boards of super- visors it was $895,403,189.42. These figures u are the only ones obtainable and they fall ' far short of answering the question, because (1) they include both real and personal property; (2) while the law provides that all property subject to assessment shall be assessed at its true cash value, it is honored more in the breach than in the observance, and the assessed valuation is but a fraction of the real value of such property as is listed, while untold millions are omitted from the tax rolls. 2. There are no accessible data from 1 which an answer to the first part of the I second enquiry can be obtained. The basis l i of the several specific taxes is not uniform. Railroad companies pay from two to four per cent upon gross income, the first named rate being upon incomes not exceeding $2,000 per mile and the last named upon incomes in excess of $8,000 per mile. The average earnings as shown by the last re- port of the commissioner of railroads was $5,101.76 per mile, and the taxes paid $118.81 per mile. Fire insurance companies pay three per cent upon premiums receiv- ed in this state, and life insurance com- panies two per cent. Plank road companies pay five per cent on net profits, express companies one per cent of all receipts with- in the state, telegraph and telephone com- panies two per cent upon such receipts, and car companies two and one-half per cent upon receipts from current business. River improvement companies pay one per cent upon their capital paid in. 3. It will be seen that specific taxes are not computed upon values. Practically the foregoing comprises all classes of cor- porations paying specific taxes. All other stock companies are taxed as are individuals. . 4. The aggregate deposits in banks re- porting to the banking commissioner on October 18 was $6,732,275.45, and the capital stock of these banks was $12,596,- 180.00. The amount of deposits in national banks on the same date was $35,553,148.00, and the capital stock of said banks was $13,634,000.00. These figures do not include the deposits in private banks. ' 5. It may be possible to find in the U. S. census when published the assessed value of personal property which is assess- research to enable me to do so. It is un- fortunate that we are obliged in so large a degree to grope in the dark for authentic data relative to the subjects herein referred to. It is for this reason that reforms in taxation make such slow progress. The present tax law provides very perfectly for the uniform assessment of all property (except that paying specific taxes), but we know that vast aggregates of value are ‘ never taxed, while a much greater amount of taxes is lost by grosg undervaluation. >1‘-_ YT‘ s.‘ _(.,y1_.,g .,;_‘__L {L (above, ..,,-,a whose 1.,‘ 1l111‘1e are for being answered herein, can find any number of “reformers” and tax cranks who will answer his questions readily, but no man can answer most of them with any degree at‘ accuracy. Before there can be any ade- quate tax reform a way must be provided by means of which authentic data may be officially gathered. MICHIGAN CROP REPORT. _\‘u:w/1/W‘ 1, 1894, The |'21l11.\ from the _;d to the ioth of September made it possible to sow wheat at about the usual time of seeding in this state. The area seeded is reported at 86 per cent of the area seeded one year ago. In condition the growing wheat ls reported at 91 per cent in the soiithcrii counties, 98 in the central, and [O0 in the northern, comparison being with aver- age years. The average for the state is 94. The average_condition is higher in all sections of the state than one year ago. The total number of bushels of wheat reported marketed by farmers since the October report was published is 1,144,654, and in the three months, Au- gust-October, 3,620,728. This is 1,033,292 bushels less than reported marketed in the same months last vear. H Corn is estimated to yield in the southern coun- ties and the state, an average of 40 bushels of cars per acre. The area of clover seed harvested in the state is about 55 per cent of the area in average vears. The yield is estimated at 1.31 bushels per acre. Compared with 21 full average crop, potatoes are estimated at 53 per cent in the southern counties, 54 per cent in the central, and 47 per cent in the northern counties, the average for the state being 52 per cent. Live stock is in fairly good condition. The following statistics are from the farm statis- tics for 1893-4. Acres of wheat, 1893, 1,533,071; bushels, 24,432,201; yield per acre, 15.94 bushels. Acres of wheat in May, 1894, 1,287,865. Acres of corn in 1893, 797,797; bushels of cars, 37,761,594; average per acrc,47.33 bushels. Acres of oats in 1893, 843,406; bushels, 22,323_97(i; average per acre, 26.47 bushels. Acres of clover seed raised in 1893, 174,—949; bush- els, 170,792. Acres of potatoes in 1893, 172,225; bush- els, 13,589,2o2. Acres of hay in 1893, 1,762,768; tons, 2,282,538. The number of each class of live stock in the state in the spring of 1894 was as follows: Horses, 426,- 573; milch cows, 388,896; cattle (other than milch cows), 262,659; hogs, 311,683; sheep, 1,898,944. The number of sheep sheared in 1893 was 2,068,- 063; pounds of wool, 12,692,920. WAsH1NGToN GARDNER, Sc(rrl(tr_v (ff Slain. Agriculture is not overcrowded, and never will be. There is less food per capita. than ever before in all the history of civiliza- tion.-—Fm'mer’s Honze. From many careful experiments it has been determined that the force necessary to draw a given load on a level on a good broken stone road, is less than one-third of that required to draw the same load on a common earth road.—— V. G. Barbour. Kain 1 V Field and Stock. INSECTS AND FUNGL Their Control by the Fruit Grower. T. T. LYON. It is only a few years since entomology and the science of fungi were little more than vocabularies of scientific names, with accompanying descriptions. The _idea of their economic importance, if ‘It had in fact dawned upon the consciousness of scientific experts, had not yet become elaborated and found expression in phrase- ology adapted to popular comprehension. The adaptation of these classes of scientific knowledge, including botany as well, to the more common pur- suits of agriculture in its various branches, can scarcely be said to antedate the appearance of such men as Riley, Bur- rill, Arthur, Forbes, Cook, Beal, and their co-laborers. _ _ It is only a very few years since, owing largely to the reckless detruction of the forests, and the almost criminal destruction of insectivorous birds, to supply the worse than ludicrous demands of fashion, that in- sects have so multiplied that their suppres- sion has become to agriculture a matter of prime necessity ; while the increase of fungi, due largely to the rapid development of agricultural pursuits, and to ignorance or disregard of a minute and insiduous enemy, as well as to their more rapid transfusion, under our modern facilities for rapid trans- it of trees and plants, have largely in- creased the difliculty as well as the necessity of holding them in‘ subjection. GROWTH OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE. Is is fortunate, and especially so, so far as fruit culture is concerned, that the de- velopment of the economical phase of the sciences referred to has been cotempora- neous with the occurrence of such need; and that, although our present knowledge of the life histories of these various ene- mies is very far from complete; its develop- ment may be looked for, to supply yet more effective weapons of defense against the depredations we have such abundant rea- son to dread. Whether we shall ever be able to fully circumvent all or any one of the enemies in question, is yet an unsolved problem. Although by thorough spraying we are able to largely increase the yield of perfect fruit as against apple scab and codling moth, as also to hold largely in subjection the various fungous enemies of both foliage and fruit; none of these applications are, thus far, ~ mats ia%it*".s§;c:%ie-.E1.e.3g.‘E.“i:".e“i?.% lack of thoroughness in the spiiaying, and . how far to failure to meet some unrecog- nized peculiarity in the habits of the enemy to be attacked, is yet a matter awaiting solution. THE CURCULIO. In the case of the curculio, while it is well known that the development of the beetles is spread over a lengthened period; and, for that reason, that spraying. to be fully effective. must be frequently re- peated; it is yet, at least with many per- sons, an open question whether valuable results can be safely anticipated from ap- plications of this character—a question probably referable to imperfect knowledge of the actual habits of the perfect insect; as to whether or not it actually feeds upon either foliage or fruit, while in the perfect form. The egg is deposited within the crescent mark made by the beetle; and is therefore within reach of the spray, if ap- plied during the period of incubation. Pos- sibly some careful observer may be able to give the true reason of the apparent fail- ure of the spray in such case. The subject is a broad one, hence a con- sideration of results already reached must be deferred until a subsequent occasion. South H uven. 3'0 FOOT N0 HORSE. A. W. HAYDON. However perfect and admirable a horse may be, the failure of a single foot spoils all. True, modern science may destroy the nerve, so that though the horse is lame he does not know it, and so does not limp; or the pain may be deadeiied long enough for him to trot a race. But the latter is only a temporary relief of doubtful expediency, and the former though permanent, has its drawbacks. The wire is cut, and though pierced by nails, or rotting with gravel or thrush, it cannot “hello” and notify the brain of its trouble, so the groom must charge himself with its care if it remains serviceable. Besides it would seem as if there were danger of its wasting away after the destruction of the nerve. GETS TOO LITTLE ATTENTION. Considering its primary importance, is it not strange that so little attention is paid by breeders to securing perfect feet in breeding stock, and so little care bestowed upon the animals themselves to keep them on a “good sound footing.” In no partic- ular can the horse be more surely and eas- ily modified by selection than in the shape, size, and quality of the feet. Neither can ' , IJD Ox: "CL/LIDB ,pc1"p0uD THE GRANGE VISITOR. any part be so easily shaped and changed to suit the owner’s wish by care. And upon the shaping of the feet depends in part the conformation and action of the limbs. Yet how common are horses with crooked, ill-shaped feet and awkward un- natural gait. If the boys run their boots over the father takes pains to have them straightened up, though he will have to get new ones that are all right in a little while; but his colts that must wear the same boots all their lives, he allows to run them over to right or left or back, when a little timely care would keep them straight. If taken in season a chisel and mallet to trim the edge of the hoof is all that is necessary. A long handled chisel is safest to use. If the colt is nervous or vicious, try coaxing, currying, feeding, tying up the head, holding up one foot, or use the twist or hood; but don’t whip him. SHOEING. Shoeing is mostly unnecessary for farm horses, and is an unnatural practice and wrong in principle as it removes the press- ure from the sole and frog, and if it must be resorted to it would seem as if a semi- elastic pad for the center of the foot would. be an advantage. The horse wears the neatest, daintiest, little boots ever made. They are round and smooth and a perfect fit. They are dust and waterproof, and air-tight, and they have spring heels, elastic soles, and full stock uppers, and are warranted to wear a lifetime. He who can hold the reins behind a dash- ing pair and hear the metrical thump and clatter and ring of their flying feet with- out a thrill of exhiliration and pleasure, “ hath no music in his soul,” and therefore “is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoils,” as the poet has it. Decatur. BEGINNING 'I‘0 RAISE HIKOILERS. H. s. DUNNING. This is a branch of poultry raising of which comparatively few have much knowl- edge, and we do not claim as much as those who have had a lifelong work with them, but a few of the underlying princi- ples and features we will try and give to the reader. There is no part of the poultry industry but requires close, persistent, and most careful attention, and none more than broiler raising. If one thinks that all he has to do is to purchase an incubator, get a suflicient number of eggs to fill it, and then feed the chick up to from eight to ten weeks old, and sell it for from 29,4’ “*8; (].“*n17' lg‘ Vflliy IIJ’l1ffIl° mistaken. No more can the merchant, banker, or manufacturer expect to succeed by not looking after the minutest details, than can the man that is trying to raise the plump one and one-half to two and one-half pound chick at as early an age as possible, and with the smallest cost. REQFIRES BRAINS. This is no field for the “feeble,” lazy or careless man, in fact they never succeed; but the fellow who is not afraid of the early dawn and will give it the first place in his thoughts and plannings, cannot help but succeed. Do not attempt this work until you are thoroughly up in the rudiments, and then better commence small and en- large from time to time as your knowledge grows. The novice has no business here, unless he is willing to pay for his experi- ence. The successful raisei's of today are men that have started at the bottom and climbed up step by step, or are men that have had lots of money to back them up in each succeeding failure until they learned the lesson. We gain a great deal by reading, but far more by actual experi- ence. And what a grand thing that this is" true, for if every one, Dick and Harry, could read how, Mr. Phillips, or W. H. H. Bradbury, both of Hammonton, N. J., or the proprietors of the Eureka Poultry Co., of our own state, and numerous other rais- ers, grow their chicks, then go and do likewise, it would not be long before the market would be full, prices low, and no one could make enough out of it to pay for the feed the chick would eat. THE INCUBATOR. But now let us commence to get things in shape for work, and we are going to do it just as cheaply as possible till we know more about it. In the first place we must have an incubator, or perhaps two 200 egg size. Now for the present a good place to operate these is in the cellar if it is not too damp. If it is, put it in the place that is the least likely to be much affected bv the sudden changes of the outside atmosphere. Such a place is just as good as the expen- sive house, and far better if we find we are not going to succeed. Set the machine up carefully, following directions of the man- ufacturers. Start it to see if you can reg- ulate it, and as soon as you feel you can keep it within one or two degrees, put in your eggs. Now be sure you do just as instructed by the makers; they have tried a good many, and if you have a way you think better put it aside for now at least. Look after this machine as carefully as you would a $100 bank note, looking at it often I the required number of eggs. to seeif more heat is needed or not so much, if the moisture is right, the lamp well filled and trimmed, and numerous little things that will come to the close observer, for on all this depends the success of the hatch of all fertile eggs. Your machine may have a first-class regulator, but it must have a good supply of brains to help - it out. THE CHICKS. Everything is now running well, and this is the seventh day, so we will see how many fertile eggs we have. Take out all that are clear, for they will soon decay, there is no life in them. Cook them hard and in a couple of weeks we will have use for them. Then again on the twelfth day, look at them once more and all that are cloudy, or mottled, or those that have a red streak around them, throw away at once, for they are liable to burst in the machine, or will give off a very offensive odor that will kill many a healthy chick. VVhen you hear the first peep do not open the door to see how many there are. By no means; do not touch it for 24 hours. your curiosity and keep that door shut. The chick that is not strong enough to get outof the shell alone will seldom amount to anything if helped out. Once a day take out all the chicks that are dry and put them in the brooder that has been warmed up for the last three or four (lays so as to getr egulated. THE EGGS. We now have the chicks all out and before I give plan for brooding and feeding let me say a word as to the eggs, in fact we should have looked to this in the first place. Yes, give them first place, for it will make no difference how good an incubator you have or how complete a brooder system _iou use, you cannot raise chicks if the eggs are not strong and fertile. The only way to be sure of this is to have a suflicient number of hens yourself to supply If you de- pend on others for your eggs you are very likely to get weak stock, for the men that are selling eggs are getting just as many as they can and are therefore in most cases forcing the hens. by egg food and the like, which is detrimental to the vital- ity of the egg. Then you always run more or less risk in the shipping. All in all the best satisfaction is had by having our own to work with. Then if this or that does not go right you know all there is about it, otherwise one is liable to put it off on the absent fellow, he hears of it and puts it at you. You are sure and so is he. \Ve will give plan of raising chicks later. Agricultural College. ii0uEfi§'I‘fv'iii"iT(?iTini:N. WM. A. OLDS. The root crops should be secured this month. We usually begin with the beets and finish with the carrots. If one has plenty of cellar room it is a short job. But the best way to keep roots or potatoes so as to prevent wilting and have them retain their natural flavor and crispness, is to pit them in the field. Carrots will not keep well in the ordinary cellar after two months. ‘We had them last June from the pit in good condition. we expect to keep them. If sown in June they will not get ripe; our plan is to sow after we get the onions in. \Ve generally put about forty bushels in one pit, making the pit about twelve by three feet, longest way north and south. Put on a good covering of straw and cover with four inches of earth; when cold weath- er sets iii cover the heaps with manure as you think best, not covering too deep as they will be apt to grow which spoils any kind of roots in a short time. The new growth causes heat and the heat rot. The last of this month cabbage and celery must be stored for the winter. If you have a large amount of cabbage to bury, take the double team and plow open trenches about three feet wide, wrap the loose leaves around the heads and place them in the trench three wide the roots up; place two heads on top between the roots of the first three, the roots up, making five in a tier; keep on in that way until all'are in the ireiicli. Take the team and plow the earth back finishing with the shovel; leav- ing the roots sticking out. Celery must be handled with more care. An unused hot bed is the best place to keep celery. Clean out all the rubbish, place the bunches in an upright position covering the roots in fine earth; care should be taken not to let the stalks lean on each other as they will surely rot. The sash can be opened or shut according to the weather. It can be placed inthe cellar in the same way. The small stalks will mature and the green stalks tiiiish their bleaching by time it is wanted. ()krw1o.\‘. THEY WILL I*‘I‘}El) WHEAT. We expect to feed all of our wheat to horses and sheep. Feed it whole mixed with other grain, one-half wheat. the rest corn, oats, and barley; to cattle and hogs have the same proportions ground together. J. F. AND E. W. ENGLISH. (‘la 1'1-.viI1'l/0. Keep down * Carrots should be ripe if ' NOVEMBER 15, 1894. HIGH PRICE FOR WHEAT. On a recent trip to Clinton, I met many farmers who were feeding wheat to their pigs, but I saw no one who could tell me how well it paid or in other words how much they would realize for_the wheat fed. To determine this question with satisfaction to myself, on September4 I took ten bush- els of wheat to mill, the miller retaining one bushel for toll; I brought home nine bushels, coarsely ground, and 130 pounds of bran, which was _mixed with the wheat meal. Ten Poland pigs were brought from the wheat stubble, where they had run for four weeks, and during the last week had been fed a little whole wheat. They were ’ carefully weighed and given the run of a. yard containing one-fourth acre adjoining the pen. At noon of the same day I com- menced feeding this mixed feed. throwing it into the trough dry and pouring a pail of water on it before the pigs were allowed to come to the trough. They liked the feed very much and would have eaten more than they were given at any one time. But I soon found it necessary to be very care- ful to not overfeed, even with this mixture, which was nearly one-third bran by bulk. At the commencement of the experiment the ten pigs weighed 1,060 pounds, making a gain of 246 pounds, which at 5 cents per pound would be $12.30 for feed. Take out 90 cents for bran, and we have $11.40 to , pay for ten bushels of wheat at $l.14 per bushel. We think of continuing this ex- periment by feeding whole wheat soaked in water.-—rT. B. Hallmmy in ("Union Local. F.-\ ITIT(“}ANlZ;{7TVI OIVS. VVhy should not every rural neighbor- hood have such an organization this coming winter? There is need of discussion to- day. Eastern Ohio has long depended on wheat and wool as her principal money crops. Now that both are so low in the markets of the world it is high time to ex- amine the probability of our standard products again becoming remunerative, or if there be no hope to seek for something better. There never was greater need of farmers’ organizations than at present. Meetings for the discussion of such questions as those issued by the Grange have many advantages over the usual liter- ary society. A literary society may be at- tended an entire winter without obtaining a single new idea about farming. and often Without obtaining many new ideas on other topics. The discussions in the farmers’ club brings out valuable experience fi'om those whom we know, and it is practical g lnooauoo it comes from those 011 adjoining ’ farms. In this it is not like much that is written for the agricult.ural press—vvritten by men hundreds of miles away, with a soil and climate totally different. These organ- izations are the best schools of oratory the young farmer can attend. In the literary society the farmer’s boy is often selected to speak on questions about which he knows absolutely nothing. He gets in the habit of talking on questions of which he knows nothing and generally studies law or medi- cine. Compare this boy with one who be- gins the study of oratory in the farmers’ organ1zations~telling of the calf he has raised or . of the crops he has grown. He is familiar with tliese subjects and he becomes not only an interesting speaker but a close and intelligent observers-—— “ Yornc Fxiiiiaii” in .\"u.h'onul Sf0('kn2rm and Farmer. THE SYOILS SYSTI'I.Vl. " There is only one way,” said Mr. G-——-, “that the Civil Service can ever be re- moved beyond the influence of politics. and that is by fixing the tenure of office by legislative enactment. Just as long as the law allows the executive, or the heads of the ditfeieiit de‘-partments, to remove subordinates at pleasure. just so long will every inconiing otiicial try to fill his office with his own personal friends and follow- ers. It is the system that is wrong. I don’t blame the individuals. Human nature is the same the world over. and you cannot expect any individual to resist the pressure brought to bear upon every newly elected officer as long as he is a personal custodian of the patronage of his otfice. If I were elected to an office tomorrow, I should do as others do——~surround myself with men of my own political faith. But I do hope that the time is not far distant when the law will take the spoils element out of our politics; for when it does, not only will the public service be improved, but one of the most degrading and corruptiiig influences will be removed from our state and national politics. VVlien men have no personal ax to grind, they will be able to see clearly , what the public interest demands.”—.-/1 3 Modern Dcspofism. As a general rule, farmers attempt to do too much, and do not always do it well. Farmers’ farms are to large, and should be made smaller in order that there may be a better exhibition of husbandry. In some portions of our country farmers are apt to look too much after their fields and allow the weeds and grass to grow in their front yard.~—Senator David Hill. -« --mu-«.44 f L .9. ‘to ‘x NOVEMBER 15, 1894. THE GRANG E VISITOR. 3 Woman’s Work. THE CHAMBERED NAYTILUS. "This is the ship of pearl, which poets fein, Sails the unshadowed main, The venturous bark that flings On the sweet summer wind its purpled wings, In the gulfs enchanted, where the siren sings, And coral reefs lie bare, ‘Where the cold sea maids rise to sun their streaming hair. its webs of living gauze no more unfurl; VVrecked is the ship of pearl, And every chambered cell, Where its dim dreaming life was wont to dwell, As the frail tenant shaped his growing shell, Before thee lies, revealed- lts irised ceiling rent, its sunless crypt unsealed. Year after year beheld the silent toil That spread his lustrous coil; Still as the spiral grew, He left the past year's dwelling for the new, Stole with soft step its shining archway through, Built up its idle door, Stretched in his last-found home, and knew the old no more. Thanks for the heavenly message brought by thee, Child of the wandering sea, Cast from her lap, forlorn! From thy dead lips a clearer note is born Than ever Triton blew from wreathed horn! \Vhile on mine car it rings, Through the deep caves of thought I hear a voice that sings—- Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, As the swift seasons roll‘. Leave thy low vaulted past! Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven, with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea! ——0/1'r'm' ll"ewdcl/ [I0/m('.~'. — H .\ l{'l‘Y H l'N’l‘ WO0I)MAN . To know Mrs. Woodman was to love her, and the longer and more intimate the acquaintance, the stronger the love and esteem. She exemplified by her life the virtues she espoused and the principles of a noble life.—-gone out only the brighter to shine in the heavenly kingdom. "They never quite leave us. our friends who have passed Through the shadows of above; A thousand sweet memories are holding them fast To the places they blessed with their presence and love." death to the sunlight It was my great privilege to know this woman intimately and well for the last few years of her useful life, and to be very closely associated with her as a near neigh- bor during the several weeks that she was domiciled within the gates of the \Vhite City at the Colunibian Exposition of last year. How well I remember the morning that } “ in the twinkling of an eye” the light of one eye was darkened forever for her. I had been indisposed for some days. and it had been her habit to visit me almost daily. On this particular morning, feeling very much improved myself, I was preparing to , visit Sister llloodman at her rooms in the 3/Iicliigan building, when the door of my domicile opened and my dear friend crossed ‘ my threshold, covering one eye with hei hand. in an instant. come to stay with me all day. was apoplectical in nature and the begin ning of the end. Every act and apparently every impulse of this woman was to do unto others as she Many, 1 many times has she repeated this maxim would wish them to do unto her. to me. In my intimate have never even come up higher. To my dear friend, Harty Hunt lVood- man, I say hail and farewell. .“There i no death.” ‘Va shall meet again. MARY SHERWOOI) HINl)S. Stanton, Not-einlier 8, 189-1. The following extract from a local pape has been sent us: “Mrs. Harty Hunt Woodman, daughter ~ of the late John and Eliza Hunt, was born in Vermont. October 20, 1834, was educated in the female academy at Kalamazoo, and married to J. J. Vlloodman March 30, 1856, by whose side she walked for thirty-eight years, an honored wife, a faithful helpmeet, rising with him to meet the duties and responsibilites of public and social life in She said that she could see me with but one eye, as the other had become blind Seeing my alarm, she at once stated that she was not sick and had My lins- band was summoned. and he directed that , I at once accompany Mrs. V\'oodman to her ‘j rooms, while he would go to Mr. \Vood- man's desk and advise him of what had occurred after he had left his rooms in the morning. A physician who had known the lady for years was summoned and on arrival, the dear woman, always covering 5 up her own sufferings, arose in her bed and ; assured him with a laugh that she was not ‘ sick. Later, the physician in answer to ‘ the anxious inquiries of my husband, gave , the opinion that the sudden loss of sight ‘_, I was caused by a blood clot forming behind E the sight of the eye, and that the lesion acquaintance with her I thought to myself, much less heard from her lips, what her church creed, connection or persuasion might be, but I knew that before me was a striking exemplification of a Christian life and char- acter, and that she was ready with her house fully in order for the summons to sharing both burdens and honors. In her home and elsewhere, wherever duty called, she was ever the careful, thoughtful wife and co-worker. She has attended with him twenty consecutive ses- sions of the National Grange, where abil- ity and social qualities won for her the highest expressions of esteem and commendation and the highest places filled by lady officers both in State and National Grange were accorded to her. She had been for many years chairman of the National committee on woman’s work in the Grange, and declined a reappointment one year ago on account of failing health. Then came the expe- riences and self-denials and sufferings of the sick room——suifering as few are called to sufl’er——yet with the same bravery and determination, she did her best to conquer disease and recover her failing health, which refused to come though sought by every means which love could devise or skill perform. When about to leave home for surgical treatment at Kalamazoo, she said to a friend: “I have been counting my blessings and I am not going to let this one trouble overshadow them all, for I have many left.” Brave, patient to the last, she had no fault to find. Hers had been “the most generous, devoted husband,” “the dearest children,” the “kindest brothers and sisters,” the “best physicians and the most faithful nurses.” She died on Sun- day, November 4, at 10 a. m., and the funeral services were held in her late home on Tuesday, conducted by Rev. Anna Bar- ton, and she was laid to rest on Prospect Hill. The Paw Paw Grange, of which she had been a member since its organization, was present in a body. She was also a member of the Coterie, and the ladies were present to mourn with others their loss. Much regret was felt that the mother was not able to be present on account of fail- ing health. The following are notes of Sister Wood- man’s Grange work: She attended with her husband the first annual session of State Grange in 1874. She was elected Flora and continued in that office till 1880. No reports were required from lady oflicers until 1882. In 1880 she was elected Ceres of the National Grange and retained the office till 1885. The last year she read a report. In 1888 she was appointed on standing committee on woman’s work. Van Buren county Grange passed the following resolutions regarding their loss in the death of Sister Woodman: duty it was to hail ships that pass in the night. Six long weary months had passed since the husband and father of this woman and child had sailed away leaving them weep- ing by the shore, while he battled with wind and wave and the enemies of the flag his vesin--z’. proudly bore. He had been for a cruise on the beauti- ful but treacherous Mediterranean in her majesty’s gunboat Princess Royal and was now homeward bound. Their patience was at last rewarded, for away in the distance they could discern a. long line of smoke curling out the tall funnel of a ship. , Au eager throng had gathered on the pier to watch the coming of the ship. For the coming in of a large ocean steamer, or man-of-war, is one of the grandest sights a human being ever witnessed. Nearer and nearer glides the stately ship, cutting her way through the glassy waters and leaving a streak of white foam in her wake. Her pennants are flying to the breeze, her guns are bristling out of her port holes. Every man is at his post dressed in sailor blue. A ringing cheer greets them from the land. She has reached her (lock, the heavy ropes are flung ashore and the song of the jolly tars letting go the anchor rings over the water loud and clear. She is fast to her moorings and every- thing is taut and trim for the night, and the jolly boys come filing on shore search- ing for sweethearts and wives; looking handsome and brave in their sailor suits, the blue pilot cloth trousers. and the blue shirt with its broad collar rolling away from the bronzed neck, and looped down the front with white cord, 8. cap with the name of the vessel inscribed in gilt letters around the band, a black leather belt with a long knife encased hanging over the left hip. This is the ordinary uniform of a sailor on I board a man-of-war. The ship has come in at last. The woman . and child who have waited so patiently for- ‘ get the sorrows of the past in realizing the joys of the present, as they proudly walk homeward with their brave sailor whose cheek is browned with the sun and wind of many climes. His stay on shore will be short, for the bounding billows have a charm for him which is irresistible, and the splash of the waves make music while he is lulled to rest rocked in his “cradle of the deep.” But what has all this to do with our subject? \Ve shall see. It is 27 years since the building of our Grange ship was first proposed. A Mr. bers of Van Buren county Grange none will be missed more than our deceased sister Harty H. Vvoodman. Her cheerful disposition and ready sympathy for all, * and her heartfelt interest in everything 5 connected with our Order creates a vacancy i in the old guard that we realize will be hard to fill: and as a mark of esteem in which we as members of the Van Buren county ‘. Grange held her, tender to her husband and children and to her wide circle of friends, national in extent, our heartfelt sympathy in their loss which we share. (Signe1.-\_ rapidly increase our nuiiiliers. extend our ll‘ll‘lll£_‘l|CE.‘,‘.lll .itt.1iii more and more roiiipletcly those cmls which we sc.-ck. out L)l.{]EL“l‘ is the ()I‘_"'il.l!l'/,:lllUn of the Fziriiicizs for their own Iiiiprovciiiciit Financially. Socially. Mcntiilly. .\lnral1}'. _ V\'e believe that this iiiipmvcineiit ran in hirgc iiieiisiirc he brought :ihoiiL: _ . _ g _> f l. ((1.) RV wider ln(lI\‘l(lll:1l study and general disui.~:~iuii 0 the busiiicss side of farming zind honic kccpiiig. (1).) By co-opcrzitioii for rln:inci:il aidiziiitxigc. _ _ 2. (n.) By frequent social giitlicriiigs, and tlieuiiiiigliiig together of fzinricrs with fxiriiicrs. and of f:iriiier.< with people of other occupations. 4 I 1 (6.) By striviiig fora purer lll:ll'll]O0(l. :i iioblcr \voni.in mm . and a iiiiivcrS:ll brollierhoud. . 3. (u.) By studying and promoting thc iiiiprovciiiciit of our district schools. V _ (In) By patronizing and aiding the Agricultiir;il Collcgcs 1\_!1kl Expcruiient b’tations in their lcgitiiiixitc work of sciciitihir iii- vestigation. practical cxpcriinciit. and cdncatioii for rui.il pin - suits. , ‘ , , _ (r.) By iiiziiiitiiiiiiiig and attendi_ng_f:ii‘niers iiistitiitcs. Yearl- ing in the Reziiliiig Circle: lI.\tLll‘llSlllIlg‘ and u.~in_4' circulating libraries; huyiiig more and bcttcr iiiziguziiies and papers for The home. , . . . . 4. (u.) Bv diffusing -.1 knoivlcdge of our civil lIl$llllltlUI)> and teaching the high duties of citi/.ciisli1p. _ _ (In) Bv deiinuidiiig thc ciifnrccmcnt of existing .~'t;itixtcs. and hv disciissing. :Ldvoc:«iting. and ti'_vin}_r to sccurc such other St‘.l[(‘ and n1ltl()n1llil(l.\\'S as shzill tend to the gcncrnl jiistice. pr0;_-'rc<.<. and morulitv. Prof. Clinton D. Smith, professor of ag- riculture at the Agricultural College, has been appointed director of the Michigan experiment station. VVe believe this 1S a step in the right direction. It is too much to ask of a president of a college that he also do this work of a director of the sta- tion. law. Every year it is urged that Granges be- gin work by November 1 or 15, and thus _ not lose two or three months of valuable time. How many Granges heed the advice? Does your Grange? If not, why not? IN THIS ISSUE Mr. Wright answers some leading ques- tions on taxation. Hon. J. F. Brandon of Missouri presents his ideas of a system of taxation. There are some good articles under F. H. R. 0. Some practical papers on page two. Authoritative papers from institute works Etc. LISTS. The following are some of the larger lists of subscribers sent under our “ 3 months for 10 cents” offer: A. E. Palmer. 19. R. V. Clark, 36. Angie Eccles. 10. Mrs. R. B. Strouts, 14. H. H. Dresser, 31. J. A. Courtright, 10. John Wille, 19. C. H. Farnum, 11. VVill anyone beat these? THE GRANGE AND LEGISLATION. The Grange will accomplish nothing in the way of getting desired legislation un- less it concentrates upon two or at most three measures, and pushes those for “all they are worth.” This should be a. guiding ‘ principle when considering legislative mat- ters. VVhat these measures shall be must be settled at State Grange, and each dele- gate should be prepared to urge what, in his judgment, are the most important sub- jects. FARJIERS’ INSTITUTES. We suggest aquestion for discussion that the Grange has decided views upon. Nevertheless we believe it will be well if our Granges discuss it, especially as We are now able to present the plans that are pursued in other states. It will be inter- esting to get the opinions of members as to the value of farmers’-institutes. Almost every community in the state has had an institute at some time or other, and most Patrons will have views as to the value of such an institute in the community. In another column we publish extremely in- teresting letters from the directors of in- stitutes in Ohio and Indiana. THE GRANGE VISITOR. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION. Under the lecturer’s department we have been suggesting topics for discussion by Granges. We have, in the case of each question, asked about ten Granges to make a point of discussing that question rrd to report the result to the VIs:ToIz We sincerely hope that lecturers to Whom we have written will not neglect our request. We hope also that all the Granges will dis- cuss one or more of these topics. VVe are aware that the questions are some of them old, and perhaps threadbare. But our idea is that they are'still important, and that the Granges of Michigan should come to some definite and unanimous conclusions respecting them, to the end that they may act in concert in settling the questions. WHAT SHALL I/V117 ACCOMPLISHL’ The State Grange is not a play-spell. It is a time for hard work. The question that comes up before every recurring State Grange is, what shall we accomplish with all this hard work? This question, this year, is to be answered by those who have been elected delegates to State Grange. VVhat do your home Granges want you to do? What are the most important questions that your Granges want agitated? These matters should all be settled previous to State Grange. VVe urge upon subordinate Gran ges the plan of submitting to the delegate from their county the chief measures they wish him to favor. And the delegate who comes to State Grange with the most in- formation on these points is likely to do the best work. '1'HE KIND OF ZIIEMBERS. The Grange needs the best men and Women of the farm homes of the state. We should be less anxious for quantity than for quality. We need the best there are. We want members who believe in education,~—in schools and colleges; who believe in high moral principle; who be- lieve in clean legislation; who are earnest seekers after truth, whether it be in the field or elsewhere. Vile‘ want these men and women, because the Grange stands for these things. And we want no one who cannot believe in the Grange. We want men and women of purpose, of ambition of character; we want workers. We shoulii” have a motto over our Grange gate, " No drone need apply.” VVe want loyal peo- ple,—men and women who will stand by their guns. STATE INSTITUTIONS. VVe have completed our series of articles on state institutions. We trust that they have been interesting and profitable. ‘Va have personally visited all but two of the institutions described, and the proofs of the articles have in nearly every case been submitted to the heads of the institutions. Thus our readers have been assured of cor- rect descriptions. We have regretted that no questions have been asked us through the VISITOR, because space did not allow us to treat each institution fully, and there are many interesting things that we could enlarge upon. We shall be glad to answer questions at any time, concerning these institutions, if we can. ‘Vs have been impressed with the fact that Michigan has provided admirably for her unfortunates. We have also been led to the conclusion that the state institutions are, as a rule, economically conducted. We shall, per- haps, have more to say on this latter sub- ject. N0'l‘[CE. All persons desiring to attend the State Grange may take advantage of the special rate of one and one-third railroad fare. The purchaser of a full fare ticket to Lan- sing, for that occasion, will ask the ticket agent for a railroad certificate, which, when properly signed at State Grange, will en- title him to a rebate of two-thirds fare on his return ticket. Please notice that FAILURE To OBTAIN THIS CERTIFICATE FORFEITS THE REBATE ON THE RETURN TICKET. It is earnestly hoped that no oflicer, member of executive committee, or repre- sentative, will neglect to demand and re- ceive a. certificate. JENNIE BUELL, Secretary. FOR. STATE GRANGE. The following representatives have been elected members of the coming State Grange, to be held in Lansing, Dec. 11 to 16, inclusive. This list is still very incom- plete and secretaries of conventions and of Pomona Granges, who have not done so, will render us a favor by reporting the names of their representatives at once. J ENNIE BUELL, Secretary, Ann Arbor. S UBORDINATE GRANGE REPRESENTATIVES. A1legan—Mr. and Mrs. James H. Tanner, Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Denny. Barr_v\Mr. and Mrs. M. Hammond. Calhoun—-\Vm. E. Ansterburg. Cass---Mr. and Mrs. Isaac S. Pound. ‘ ’Charlevoix—-Mr. and Mrs. E. B. \Vard. Clinton—Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Bixby. Eaton—Mr. and Mrs. Geo. I)_ Pray. Genesee—Mr. and Mrs. Geo. VV. Bloss. Grand Traverse—.\lr. and hlrs. E. O. Lzidd. Grutiot—Mr. and Mrs. \V. ll. Bovcc. Hillsdale~.\[r. and Mrs. A. L. Davis, .\lr. and Mrs. A. M. Travis. Hnroii-—Mr. and Mrs. Orin H. Savage. lnghum---Mr, \Vm_ A. Olds. lonia~Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Hall, Mr. and -.\Ir.<, I). S, VValdron. l{alkaska-«Mr. and Mrs. \Vm. ll. Bockes. Kent—A. R. Denise, Fred l)avi.~‘, Thos. Whittall. Lciia\vec—Mr. and .Vlrs, \Vm. Bowerman, Mr. and Mrs. T. G. Chandler. Livingstoii—Mr. and Mrs. \Vm. Goucher. Macomb-Mr. and Mrs. James S. Lawson. Maiiistee-Mr. Fuller. Mecosta—Mr. and Mrs. _lno. C. Martin. i\’I0l'ltCal1I‘l—.\‘Il‘. and Mrs. B. B.Cra\vfo1'd. Newaygo——Mr. and Mrs, J. B. King, Oceana~—Mr. and Mrs. l). E. l\lcClure. Oakland --Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Green. Ottawa—-i\Ir. and Mrs, .\l;1n.—hi'iitI-.‘-'ii‘iii-ins if ii. It. 1'. READ- HRS. The long evenings have come again. Have you thouglit how you will spend them? Or are they passing without a thought as to their value? Do you read the almanac? Have you noticed that the night-~that is from sunset, until sunrise again~—is over four hours longer than it was four months ago? Probably you do not work as many hours as you did then. You do not sleep four hours longer than you did then. Certainly not. Then answer candidly to yourself this question: Are these hours added to the night from the day of any value to you? Are you getting good from t-hem? Arc they leaving you better prepared for the real work of life than they find you? But the almanac is better reading than you supposed; not so much because of what is there written as of wliat_is only suggested. Perhaps you have realized that the best authors are those in whose writings you can read the most between the lines. Now turn again to the almanac and see if somewhere along its record of the cliang- : ing seasons you cannot read in letters much plainer than those made by pi'inter’s ink the word opporfmiify. And having sublimcst fact in human €Xp8l'leIlCP. God gives us opportunity; wc are to do the rest. The world is full of men bcmoaniiig their luck, when the whole truth is, they have neglected tlieir opportunities. But, you say, these long evenings give you much more time for reading. Good; but for reading wlmtgf The IicWS_P&P€_‘1’5a probably: and so you add the “ Smithville Screamcr” and the “ Jonestown Echo” to your list of periodicals an(l feast-~_on liusks. Did you read Miss Buell’s article in the “ Our Work” «edition of tlic VISITOR (A11- gust 16), as to the value of what. you read? It is time you read it again. At least re- member this advice there §-’lV9n- “Avold the useless in reading as you would pass the pest liouse——(lon’t do it.” “ Bead and you win know” is the old saw, but of this every- ‘ gormandizing habit of swallowing. thing printed it may be truly said. The more you read the less you kDOW. We find many who are interested in the F. H. R. (3., who see their need of the knowledge which may be gained by ‘such a course of reading, but who think it impos- sible for them. Show us, they say, hf3W we with our farm and household cares rfialn find time for reading these “books; e points touched upon in tl11S' talk are 8-t the root of the difficulty with many. Realize the value of the minutes. Dont throw away one of them because it is small. All time is made of such. 2. Spend no tifne with the valueless. No need of eating chaff when wheat is cheap. Get at the kernel. Remember our standard: “A purer, broader manhood, a nobler woman-. hooc .” J. W. H. HABITS OF READING. The very wealth of our resources makes us prodigal of our forces, when it should have exactly the opposite effect. There is so much to read! Our periodical literature is enough to dismay the most courageous and determined student. It is an hour's work to read the headlines of a couple of our modern daily newspapers, and to glance at the table of contents of half ‘ a dozen popular montlilies is about as dazzling as to look at the stars on a windy night, and as confusing as the attempt to choose the most lovely blossom out of five miles of country roadside in June. In this very diversity and diffuseness of the matter at hand is our difficulty, for it en- genders and develops a habit of superfici- ality and cursorincss which goes far to reduce the value and effcctiveiiess of read- ing as a mental stimulus and drill. In an evenings absorbing, say, an editorial of 500 words on the annexation question, 2,000 words from the pen of a scientific specialist upon the pathogenic bacteria, 1,000 words descriptive of some difiicult feat of engineering in the Rockies, a few lines of comment upon the home rule sit- uation, and the monthly installment of the current historical novel. \Vitli a contin- uation of such habit-s, unless there be a rigorous discipline of the mind above it all, the result can only be an acute nicntal dyspepsia and indigestion. Such habits suggest a diet of mince pie and coffee. THE REMEDY. And what is the remedy? There may be several. I have one which has proven simple and effective, and which has ena- bled me to accomplish a great deal of hard work in my spare time with no bad results. At the age of nineteen I began the study of law, following it persistently, for'eight hours a day through the succeeding year. Never have I had such valuable meiit-al training. This experience has suggested that the cure for the evil above mentioned can be found in determining upon some one particular study,presen13iiig real obsti- nate diificulty of mastery, and taking it in hand with the fierce and ever-present de- tcrniination of following and subduing it. It need not be law; a language is good‘, a political history of some great government is better perhaps; a branch of ina.tliema- tics will serve admirably. Let it be sonic- thing which requires, demands, the closest application of the mind. It should not occupy all the time out of school hours; half an hour out of every day will suffice if during that allotted time every avail- able faculty of the mind is concentrated with all.the power of the will upon the business in hand. It is the habit of con- centrating which cursory reading most en- dangers, and which the persistent study of one diflicult branch of knowledge will tend to restore. A PURPOSE. Through this half hour’s daily study let there run a purpose, the purpose of grasp- ing everytliing which passes before the eye, and of remembering it. Do not set your- self the task of reading a given iiuiiiber of pages in a given time. Make up your mind that you will grasp the detail, and that you will take all the time necessary for the accomplishment of this end. If you must spend two evenings over a page h f 1 H , descriptive of some great political crisis, found it, know that you ave ouni ..ic : do it willingly. The returns will justify it. A single study is far better than two or three for this purpose, if it be rightly fol- lowed. Do not carry the work to the point of complete weariness at any time. Maintain this vigorous effort of mind just so long as the mental vision remains clear; when it begins to blur, stop and take up your other and less serious read- ing. You will soon find that the habit of (tOl1C€I1lZl'Hl'.lOlllS fastening itself upon you, and that you are reading everything, even the lines of a floating newspaper para- ; graph, with the same fixedncss of atten- tion. The memory will be greatly strengthened, and there will be born to you a new confidence in your own capacity and power.—~ V". R. Lighfon, in J0m'n(Ll of Iililm-(u‘.1.'o7i. THE COURSIC. Five classes are offered: Soils and Crops, Live Stock, Garden and Orchard, Home Making, and Political Science. These classes were outlined by men prominent in their special lines, and so far as it is possible, are arranged progressively. It is urged that the course be taken up as recommended, and finished. However, if for any reason, books further along in the course are desired, they may be ordered and credit will be given for their com- pletion. No requirement is made as to the order in which classes shall be taken up. The classes are as follows: CLASS l.——-SOILS AND CROPS. _ Pricc, Postpaid. First Principles of Agriculture.———.'Vlz'lls «f- »< S/law. (pp. i~i I6) ____________ __'_- _ _ $0 50 2. Soils and Cl-opS."“A'l1(,”"()TL’ it‘ ll://1f____ 75 3. Talks on Manurcs. ——/lurris _ ___ _ __ , _ _ 1 16 +. Silos and Silage.—-Cunt-_ ___ IS 5. Land Drainage_—1l[}'/rs ____ A ____ ____ _ (.7 (7L.»’\.s.\’ Il.—LI\'F. STOCK. V _ _ l’ricc, Postpaid. I. l‘ll‘St Principles of Agriciilture.—~.lli'/Iv ti’- S/mw (pp.II6-250) _______________ __ $0 50 :. Horses, Cattle, Sheep, and Swine.~Cm-- fix ______________________________ __ I 75 3. Stock Bi'ce_____ $0 (,0 3. Anna i\'Iari:i’s iI0l1St.‘l{Ct'plfl” 60 3. HOW to VViu.»— H'7il(z1'n’____ __ _ ___ ,_ _ _ 7; .i. The New \Vomanliood.- _ . (T. Ivlirmzlrl 95 3. HOW the other Half Lives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- l 25 L'L.\SS \'.~l’()I.I'l‘lL‘.‘\L S(‘lF.N(‘l-Z, ‘ _ ' Prirc, l‘o.~tp.iid. lzlemcnts of Political l;cou0m_v.——l‘ ‘ l 2 Political Economy.# !Vu]1~wr____ ____ __ 1 30 3, American Commonwealtli.——l>’r3'n-, (.2 V0l=.) .-__________ ,____-_ ____ AA“ 2 7o * Any onc clcctivc. SALARIES AT THE MINING SCHOOL. ‘Vs made the same error regarding these salaries that we made with the salaries at the State Normal School, giving fourteen months instead of twelve months salaries. VVe are in receipt of the following letter from Dr. VVadsworth, director of the Min- ing School: The salaries of the professors of the school are as follows: The Director, who also docs the full work of a professor, $4,000, one professor $2,400, one professor $2,200, one at $2,l(lt), one at $2,000, one iiistriit-tor at -‘$1,800, tlirce assistants $500 each, one assistant $150, one assistant 25 cents an hour for time employed, one supply clerk $75 a month, one engineer at $65 per iiioiitli, one sten- ograplier and typewriter at $10 per month, one assistant in janitorial work at $30 per month, one librarian and secretary at $1,200 a year, one carpenter at $2.50 a day for time employed. This does not include miscellaneous help, or that employed for short periods under special conditions. The salaries lierc are less in proportion to the expense of living and the work demanded of the teachers than at any of the other state schools. All the professors here are men of experience, have been employed in university work be- fore and are of a grade and standing equal to those of any university faculty, while the Work required is very much more than that usually done in universities. I have never myself Bren anywhere a harder working, more earnest and devoted set of men than those employed at this institution at the present time. Trusting that this information will be entirely satisfactory to you, I am Very truly yours, M. E. lVADS\\'0RTH. Porn ~‘ ism; . [From the report of thn_coniinittae~ on education in the last. Natioiial (1‘rnnge.! It is said of one of the greatest pI‘P¥1(1ll— ers of modern lllI‘i9S, that the secret of his success lies in the fact that he is “industri- ous, thorougli, sympathetic and hopeful.” ‘With a “be” in front of cacli of these words, what an excellent motto we would have to suspend over each G-range hall, and over each lecturei"s desk. An(l with such a swarm of “Bs((»)s” what :':,}::‘:::;'1,33%;: 1 ing to farmers and others intcI'este(l ._“P1—101'110I1m¢‘I_1lg for the coming sea— 3 to any local organization thatwould ; .,.~2.‘.:~c“.{;:*-* 61991118 1i‘“°‘1 1189113 1° 118°1- Stutc F:lir ;l['l‘<\lcll0. \’0llCLlll1{€tllllin1()f ‘ therein instructions in agl-iCu1t,ul-e’ ‘ S011 1S but fifteen dollars to each i fu1‘l1lSl1 the hall, d0 the H(lVeI‘tlSlI]Q' ‘ NIL 5 l|liS sleeping car Vincinnnati to Grand C. )1. l~‘EI.Lo\\’s, Saliiie, Mich. . , . . ‘ ' . . _ . . . . I _ . 1 R -1-_ 1» 1 ,- 1; . .d R -,1 M, 1,‘ 1 1101-t1cu11,u1-9, etc, ’ The exet-1111011 I b101111l'yl. 15 1>91_11.‘-’ 11€C€‘=S€11.Y l30 10991‘ 0 1 and entertain the state board speak- I vii‘;-‘.‘ b M W Mr M" aw _s to do maw ¥ of the law was placed in the hands ll 19 b3‘ “"99 11101001 1'0 50"1110 H101" I crs free of cost to the board. Under 1-§)‘.’_' ’ l‘‘“‘ 1‘“‘"1‘’”‘‘'‘''‘‘‘“‘‘ ““1”‘“‘ *0 T'“"e“° . V A ‘ V ' V - . H1“0d‘1le‘ (:0““l‘3 _He1'll fof the authorities of pumut. uh1_ ou:.:hly effective Workers. H1115 ,m-anh-ement, 41; institutes were ..__. __ . __._ . ._,. P0lflll(l Llllllal b\\'ll10.. the hparIl_of con_ti-oi 1119 ‘£911/e1'al'1'1]le. The local P1-that each session during the tl1+.“l\\'O‘- .__-. _m__ ,_1.;:'_‘_‘i: ~ Potat{hVe.~‘-.1 Halt-s,_Sl1é1ll (lt‘te-11111118.‘ llie immediate gram committees now have 1l0(lllll—‘.d3-Yb 111St1_111t9 "110 Was ‘—.’.011‘911111)’;,‘l:,",‘t11‘,‘1’j,‘c- t 1f __...._._£§l'i:i. ($3391. a:ii)il1€‘X€?C11’C1OIl()l£tl1e law was placed in 1 ciilty in fiiulingaslilficient nunibert i1CC0D11>a111<’d by 0119 SP‘-‘8»li€1' €111 ,§sism ‘ V 174 South Water s:.._cni-azo. In, 1St&t10I1- and the PTO 95801 0* 11%-’1'1-ll-101119 workers compare very favoi‘— 111111 » 0 1&b011T<:‘35 0 t 19 0311 ?Richmon‘rl_V_ __________ __ Bu-‘i:iu«;xcu—Metropo1lIan National Bank, Chicago. : cultu1.e_ gably with those of asqignhd Spttak_ could meet A was passed by j t‘.tncinniil.i ( 60, _ . w‘ 1 " ‘ . 1 . , 1 Ilicago_,_ I im BUY YOUR OILS , METHOD or CONDUCTING THE WORK. iers. thltfi leglsllfitllblfl (11XP1‘f1la1 , 1%“), t0 Detruit I 1 , T ,, ., L 1 . The general committee on 1nSh1_.l DEGREE 01 .\L((,F.>.\ ATJ..\lI\L1). T9 6W N9 0&1 0' ‘L 11b u.1(-19117:‘ 1,,0,,1,,,,,,1,,,_,,,,,m,,,_,,,,,n M,,ck,,,,,w From anti trust mslnufacmrers direct, AT 1 A fl , h . . , ' and l-O pl3.C€‘ tilt‘ 9.\p€’-Ilst‘ Oi Pl-itnskey to (I rand ltapuls. wHoLEs.iLE PRICES. l\lachineOils20to25c I tutes has from ear to 931- gr- . '6 ISF t 919 Wars bllgllt 0PP0- ~ - - - No. rs has >arlor car M-ickiiii-‘lw('it. tn (1‘r Ll per zallon: I‘-ylinder Oils 25c mzfic per gallnn:- _ , y - -y - ‘sition to the institute Work in 10 lllstltutes Upon the Collnldes 111 Rapids. Slebping car Grand Rapillsyto (‘,in__, }_r1'oups of three or tour cm,-11 so l Yealfii C 1111114 W 1“ 1 511119 111-5 '1l311te5 to ant“; from the mnerql fund of l’ ‘t-. L_ l‘01,K“,mDV G“ 1.. &T_ A” ‘Fl' 00 T0 ‘H0 00 A WEEK that the same speakers ini1l11111ttt‘9 011 1115t1l111€=‘~ b€- ‘ (loct-I-lilo of self help and iiitelligelit, 11°-“'00 11101 l~'11*f :‘-§19*ll0'=5l 540011 _“"_J111(1 * inetliods as a means to success in 1 result by ]_)lH(.‘1llg.ll]i,’ responsibility ‘a‘._.1~i,;u1mre_ The fa,-11191-S’ 111511-; l0I‘ lllt,* SIICCBSS Ol lllt‘ V‘V()l'l{ léll'gE‘ly V flltes havg been a Lnegns of intro- , A0“ duciug a most wllolesoiiie leavcniiig about 56, and the ii1i,lnbei' has in—‘ to the state board of agricultiire to 3 meet the expense of speakers. The law i'e<1uires the liozird to send two = speakers to each institute, and makes it t.l1eii"duty to name the tinie. place, and speakers for each lllslltllt-(—‘. Under this law we have had plenty of money to conduct‘ the work; in fact it gives more to the county societies than is needed to cover their expense. THE l)EMA_\D. The demand for institutes is in- creasilig. \Ve have arraiiged for, 15-1 institutes the coming winter, and they will be held in every 1 counts of n1P|"('lIPlDlH and busines.-I men. CAPITA L, 150,000.00. ,. .. \.\IEAD BI.()(‘K. I ANSIVG. °”1”‘“') FRANKLIN sr., ‘xolirii L.i.\'..l‘aahier. We transact a general banking business. In our savings «lepartnient we rec»-ive deposits of one dollar or over and pay interest thereon if left three months or longer at 4 per cent. In our cmmnercial ilaparhnent we receive ac- We issue iiiterest hearing certificim-s of deposit If you have any banking biisiimi-an come and see us. in YOIl lililiblsiliib in TRUSTS? Will you Back those that Fight them? E vcr_I/ .131!)/'l)l(‘)' says Yes. 001"»ll11é€l.Ya100H101‘g‘1111Z3l1011“'1tl11111intllieuce in all parts of the state, 3 county in the state except one. : 1119 0011113105 W35 1'0C0111111‘?11‘lt‘1l 31111 1 and interest in this work is steadily l_ The work of arranging the schell— ; “lle1’1“11- Al*t11°‘l)1'1‘--W11‘t111101f\’*‘1'y in the increase as shown by tlieiule of institutes is imposed upon?” 000111.‘/'1111l‘*“St““‘ h“SilSf‘11'111*‘1'5’ f.£I'OWlI1g attendance at institutesl the secretary of this board, who; Then buy your and Eulwatnsl . $1 0 buys a coiiiplntc sot l'incliiIliIi1.: the ' ° tl1.:'llt9n¢-r T) of ST Iil-ll. TIRES 4‘/3: lH(‘lJ?‘S wide. v\‘ar)'anf+-d to i-:u'ry 4,000 ll):-5.. that can be put onto the W!l(*6*lS of any farm wagoli over the narrow fire. and vim be attached or ll"tlu'.'ll[*il by UHF mun l!ll\\’PnlyHlll1l1ll<-‘.8. ll: 4)l'|;r‘['lll‘.{ give iiizilm,-ti-I of vvllm-ls. Anlilrosl-4 t. E. WHIPPLE, Sl.“J()hllnhS, (W191 |1°ll§AioR5 . . - = "0 sniooosns SEND STAMP FOP CATALOGUE E FAMOUS Ml=c.(o. ‘°o‘.“.§’..°;“£*-‘§«’ Cr4Ic+Go.U-SAh[ R E.\ I) 1'“ IS. /bun//zw ("u . .\'. }'_. Sw/>/, A’, /1994. _\[1<_ (’)_ W. l.\’i.l«:l<~r»l_l.; DI-;.\R SIR ;\<'<‘cpt llllllllwis for so pl'milptl_v and cr>i‘rcct.l_v filling my order for paints, \'ill'lllnll, stzlin, and bru.~hc.~’; all were duly rccci\'cd. and l um inucli plCil.~'L‘(l Willi the Outside ivliite rlllibci‘ paint. I lluve applied one coat of it and a passcl‘ bv called to know \\'l]&ll paint l was using that gave such :1 line second coat. I in- forliil-':(l him that it was the firs! coat, and zlfter zipplying a second coat I expected it to look well for ten years. The inquirer said he was painting with lead and oil, and two coats of that paint, did not look as well as one coat of your Liquid Rubber Paint. Yours truly, C. M. PACK.-‘\RI). [See Adv. lngerxollhs Liquid Rubber l‘aints.~ED.j lllSl3llllI(‘, lly VVhlCll Il](“3.lltiZl lU(_‘dl I fl-Om Veah to yea}-_ B‘1~01n 13111.: Very 1"1'i‘4fi_111'/1’1_11’111 101' 111‘? P111'P05€_‘ 0f begiiiiling of the institute work the coiuluciillg an annual institute press of the state as W911 as the 0110‘?1' 111‘~‘_f-;’01“31‘111 5“P='1“'l151011 0 ‘business and professional men of the I-oinlnittee on institutes. In our cities and towns have 1-9111191-5,11 Iiianyofthecoiiiities lllHSP<)I'ga11lZ&- V91-y cm-11ia1a11d efficient aid, and llollfi IIUVV l.lOl(l lHd€p(fll(l6nt meet~ :11; is due in 313.1-gt: measuy-e to 1l1"11't01'1Y 01' ‘5"’11”"_111111"111}'~ikindly co-operation that the work 1119 P1'0P31'311011_ 31111 P1'1111111.1! 0f 1 has thus far been so successful with l)1'*'.‘-'1'111}15. 3‘1V'01't15111‘c’!s 11110 _10C1‘~1 the meagre appropriation for the arrailgenients for thc ll]Sl3ltlltt‘S‘1gt1-tre amount of work 1-equil-ed_ have, troln the _t'lI'st, devolved upon I A11-ttady 8 11t_Ia1t]1fu1 rivalry is 111*‘ 10031 01.*-.5*‘1l1'/‘11t10115- springing up among the Inost pro- liow .\‘l’EAI\'ERS AME sELAIN—MARY A. MAYO_. _Bat$le Creek 1 TREASUBEB—E-. A. STRONG... __ sburg SiI:oina:'i‘Aizr—JENNIE BUELL _____ ._Anu Arbor GATE KEEPER—GE0. L. CARLISLE._KaIkaska Ci:iziis—MARY C. ALLIS .............. -—-Adrian FLORA—MRS SARAH A ST. (‘.LAIR_.Butternut PoMONA——MIiS. A. A. LEIGH'.[‘ON_. .0ld Mission L. A. B'i‘EW‘D~—MIiS. J.H. MARTIN Grand Rapids Executive Committee. J_ G_ RAMSDELL, (Ihn _________ __'I‘raverse_ City D. PLATT . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . -_.-Yps1lanti THOS. MARS ____ _. __..Berr1en Center W E. WRIGHT ..... ..Coldwater PERRY MAYO. Battle Creek B H. TAYLOR .... .-Sh _bS’ F W REDFERV ._ gable Rfilfidfi G. B. HORTOV, - - . rnit i ge JENNIE BUEIJL, l E’ °‘*1°‘° . .Ann Arbor Committee on Woman's Work in the Grange. Mrs. Mary A. Mayo ................ --Battle Creek Mrs. Mary Sherwood Hinds _ _______ _-btanton Mrs. Belle Royce. ...................... --B3|'0d8 General Deputy Lecturers. puny A, MAYO __________________ ,,Battle Creek HON. J. J. 0ODMAN.. ____ _.Paw Paw H0N_ C_ G, LUt:E,_,___, ___,(}oIdwater HON PERRY MAYO ....Battle Creek HON. THOS. MARS. ..Berrien Center JASON WO0DMA.\i__ .Paw P_aw A. D. BANK ____ .. .Lansing C. L. WHITNEY... Muskegon 1 County Deputies. D_ }[_ St;-I\l)]n3 ,.\t\voml, x\lll.l'IllI C '. C. V. Nash, ,_ Blooniin_<_r¢l;ilc, Allcgzin R };_ [{,_.\m,1d WV , Inluml, Bcnxic “ Geo. Briwscr _ ,_, Dowling, Bzirrv “ James D. Sludlcy ___‘L'nion City, lirnucli “ R. \r_ C1”,-1; _ ___,l‘»uch;in:in, licrricu “ j, ‘N. Enncrt _, ,__ St. Johns, Clinton “ Mary A. M'.iyo,_ __Ii2ittlc Crock, Calhoun " VVm. Cl-.irk__,._ ,_(.'luiric\'oix, Chzirlcvoix “ E. B. \V-.ir:l _,,‘______Cll 'l\:\‘<)i.\'. C ‘ Abrzuu .\lillL'r’._...-..-------”"‘V‘ H F, ]l_ O.-lmrn , _ , _ _ _ _ _ ,_ Eziton R: “ l . , Alma, (irntiot “ ,l“lusliinL’, Go.-ncscc “ on, (irzlml 'l‘r:i\'crsc 'lic:itl:iml, lIill.~.d:ilc “ Szind BUIICII, Iluron “ _ ,,Cli-.inillcr, loniii “ __ _ FlIL‘l'ilHlTj_',', Ill’-_"ll:lIll Isaac Russ-‘oil ___,_ john I’;isM)n “ JR0’be,.10[1)r,,L-l¢;\- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, _](ockIoril. Ixcnt “ lamps (;,-,:_,_.,c,, g‘ , _ A > _ _ _ _ _K;tlk:i.~k:i, Knllxzislm “ __.VnrLli Iiranclx, Lupccr Hirzun lir2id.sh;i\v _ p _ ' ___ Brigliton, I.l\'lllLf\I(|ll “ \ Fred Dunn , , “ E_ \_I,'_ 1\]]i§ ll"l:Ul, l.cn:i\vcc Gen. }[_ ],c_.[._-r__, ____ __ ti l, .\l<-ntculni “ , R, V: A b r ___,_lic:ir .. 3&5, .\Illl\l\IC(3 "nesgic E_ ‘\n\ llIII‘.]llII.\._g____ Big Rapids, .\I|‘,I nstzi ‘ _ Disco, .\l:ivunxl) “ J. S, I.2l\\‘>‘I)l'l .. \Vill G. l’:u'i=~l1 -l"l.it Rock, .\lnnroc “ .i 1 X.‘ ]{,,,]._rL ivcunzi. lliiskcgtiii “‘_ g;,y'{L«r_ __,.\:~'hl;m(l, Nt',\\:b\‘g‘() “ A.J_ (;r.,,,|,y _ H Y )~ll:llill, 1)nl\l.ln4l “ Robert .~\lw:n‘d _ _ , , , _ , _ __lli1il.~mivillc,()lt;1\v;i “ R_ “_ T,“-],,r _ ‘ A _ _ > _ _ _ _>,\'Iu_-llrv, ()t'i-unit ‘ D \1 " _,_\'crymn, .\hi.i\\' 1- “ . . -. in , _. A. ‘V. Czmnrld __ _ _ llzirlsuff, HI. (. r “ __,,Cciilt'i'\I,llc. >1. _IU_‘~l‘pb ‘ _ _ _ , __l§irrh Run, .\';i;{m:i\v _, _ Cnr~on\1ll«-, §.|lIll1lL‘ ‘ Lziixrcnrc, \.2lll Ilurrn “ _ l’lvin-uulli. \\:nnc “ _ \'])>Il:ll-Ili, \\';i.»ii‘:cn:i\v “ u (,'.ulill.'it', \\'«~x1'rird “ lieviseil List of Grange Supplies Kept. in the oifice of Sec'_v of the Michigan State Grange And sent out, pos[—pa,i(I on receipt of (lash Urder, over the Seal of a Subordinate (irziiige, and the ‘ signature of its M aster or Secretary. Porcelain ballot marbles. per hundred _____ . 75 Secret.ary’s ledger ................. -— - Secretary‘s record ————————————————————— -- 'l‘reasurer’s orders. bound, per hundred ,,,, . . Secretary» receipts for dues, per hundred _ _ 3.» Tressurer’s receipts for dues. per hundrml , _ :55 Afizvplications for membership. per hundred, _ . itbdrawal cards, per dozen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Z5 Dimits. in envelopes. per dozen-_. .- . - -- 25 B -Laws qif the State Grange. single copies. H) 10¢-per ozen._ .,.....---.-_... I- “ Glad Echoes." with music, single copies, 25¢; per dozen . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ , . _ . _ _ . _ . . . . . . .. 3 00 Grange Melodies, single copy, 40c; per dozen 4 00 Opening Song Card. Zc each; 75c per 50; 100.. 1 35 Rituals, 7th edition (with combined degrees). __ : 25c3a,ch-perd0zen.___, _,,,,___.___._ 215 Rituals, 5t 1 degree,_set of nine. _ _.__ 1 80 Rituals, Juvenile, single copy._ .__.. 15 Rituals, Juvenile. per set ................. .. l 50 Notice to delinquent members. per 100.. . .. - 4-0 American Manual of Parliamentary Law.___ 50 ’ 391; of Laws and Rulings _______________ .. Bolbooks -------------- ———————————— -- - flample package co-operative literature..-" 18 Kelley's History of the Grange ............ -. Write for prices on gold pins badges. working tools, stun‘ mountings. seals, ballot boxes and any other grunge supplies- Addreas MISS J ENNIE BUELL. ANN ARBOR. Mics. v chie . 15 I physical and financial well-being 75 of the people of the state concerned. [the board has adopted the plan of [holding two institutes in a county, but in many counties we have as high as six or seven petitions for institutes. We locate institutes at points where the greatest number will be accommodated. Our chief trouble is in securing halls large enough to accommodate the attend- ance. \Ve encourage the local so- cieties to hold independent insti- tutes at points where we are unable to send speakers; and in counties where there are more than two institute societies we alternate, where they show life and enterprise enough to hold independent insti- tutes the year we cannot send speakers to them. Our understand- ]ing is that the state board of agri- ]cult.u1'e shall occupy not more than :one-half the time; the remainder ‘of the time shall be taken up by the discussion of papers by home talent. Our constant effort has [been to draw out the farmers, to educate them to express themselves and to discuss topics of special inter- est to their calling. Judging from the interest taken in the work by the increased demand for institutes, ,we believe we are furnishing the l cheapest means of education for the farmers yet devised in the state. The professors in the universities and the members of the agricultu- Iral experiment station volunteer ;from one to three weeks’ service ]each, the board of agriculture pay- I ing their expenses. ] I wish you success in your efforts * to advance institute work in Mich- gigan. ; Columbus. Ohio. ] Ptiu-: roon. [What is Needed to Make the Laws 2 More Efilcient. [CH.\liI.Eh‘ E. STORES, STATE DAIRY AND FOOD COM.\[ISSI()NEli. II. , The results of the work of the idairy and food commissioner thus far show the need of a thorougli [revision of the laws we have and lthe criactiuent. of additional ones, [or what would be better still the repeal of all present laws and the passiiig of one coniprclieiisive stat- utc that shall cover the entire ground and put the work in its , proper place, clothing the commis- sioner with atlequ-.1119 powers, and making such 1'ea.so1m.blc appropria- tion as shall enable him to do all the work necessary to be (l-one to pro- I t(*‘(3l.tI1t’ people in their rights. One , spector and his fifteen deputies, or of the law forbidding the sale in the state of illuminating oils not bearing a. certain test, and the cost of enforcing the law is not deemed in the least burdensome, and’ yet it furnishes protection only against accidents. The work of the labor bureau aside from its work of factory inspection (which is now in its second year) is mainly statistical, and yet almost every one is satisfied that the twelve thousand dollars per annum of its appropriation is money well expended. In the matter of insurance and ban king the interests of the peo- ple are carefully guarded by the state. VVho would think it wise or safe to- day to leave the traveling public to the tender mercies of the railroad corporations? And yet there is in no one, if in all of these combined, the danger to life and health or of fi- nancial loss so great as in the mat- ter of food adulteration. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD INSPECTION. Certainly the suppression of frauds in the manufacture of foods is a matter as important to the welfare of the state as the stopping of killing game out of season, and yet the game warden asks for an appropriation of ten thousand dol- lars for the work he has in hand. Another important requisite is the proper branding of all articles, particularly all articles of com- pound nature, with the name and in cases where more than one article enters into the composition, labels with the exact percentage of each article used in the preparation. Proper penalties should be provid-_ ed for fraudulent labels or brands and for erasing or changing the same. PROVISIONS OF AN ADEQUATE LAW. Provision should be made for the publication from time to time of the results of analyses, thus giving the people the earliest possible op- portunity of availing themselves of the benefits accruing from the work of the oflice. The reports being made only once a year and in a form not so available for popular use will not be likely to meet; the desire for in- formation in these matters, nor to extend the benefits to so large a number. So far as possible standards of purity should be fixed by law and when the sale of any article vary- ing from the legal stamlard is an- thorized the article should be so marked as to be readily distinguisl1- able from the genuine. Especial care should be taken in :the drafting of the law, not only in regarcl to minor details, but that it comes strictly within constitu- tional limits. It certainly needs no stretch of the police powers granted by the organic law to give to such legislation ample powers to protect the citizens of the state from dishonest practices. The courts of other states have held almost inva.1'ie.bly in favor of laws that with proper provision for their enforcement are doing just such work as is needed here. Care should be taken that the laws should not be framed in the interest of any class or those of any particular occupation but that all the rights of all the people are strictly guarded. \Vhile with the totally inadequate appropriation thus far made for the 4 entorcenient of the laws we have and the inherent weakness of the laws themselves, not much has been done in the way of an enforced rcforin, the work that has been, articles on the subject which have] ural papers. The congressional I speeches, letters, etc., pertaining to the $1,000,000 Russian thistles bill, while very good of their kind, had very little to do with the Russian thistle as a weed and reference to them is omitted. Bssssv, C. E.—Thc Russian thistle in Nebraska. Nebraska agricultural cxperi- ment station, bulletin No, 31, Lincoln, Ne- braska, December, 1593. BESSEY, C. E.——Russian tliistlc, in tlieg weeds of Nebraska. Annual report ofjNc— braska state board of Agriculture for (893, Lincoln, Nebraska, 189.]. BOLLEY, L. H.—'I‘hc Russian cactus. North Dakota agricultural experimcnt sta- tion, press bulletin No. I, Fargo, N. I), October, 1893. BUDD, _l. E ——Thc Russian thistle in its natal home. Iowa agricultural experiment station, bulletin No, 26, Ames, Ia., Octo- ber, 1894. CRANDALL, C. S.—Tlie Russian thistle. Colorado agricultural experiment station bulletin, No. 28, Fort Collins, Colo., Sep- tember, 189+. Di-:wi~:v, L. l’I.~The Russian thistle and other troublesome weeds in thc wheat re- gion of Minnesota and North and South Dakota. L". S. dept. of agriculture, office of experiment station, farmers’ bulletin, No. 10, \Vashington. D. C., April, 1895. I)i:wEY, L. H.——The Russian thistle: Its history as a weed in the United States with an account of the means available for its eradication. U. S. dept. of agriculture, division of botaiiy, bulletin No. 15, Wash- ington. D. C , June, 1594, DRCRY EmiUNn,—Prize essay, in nox- ious weeds of Manitoba and how to destroy them. Special bulletin, department of ag- riculture and immigration, \Vinnipeg, Man- itoba, [August?], 1894. FLi-:i‘cnER,_].\Mi«:s,—-’I‘hc Russian thistle or Russian tumble weed. Central experi- mental farm, experimental farm notes. No. 4, Ottawa, Canada, August, 1894. Gorr, E. S.~—Thc Russian thistle. VVis- cousin agricultural experiment station. Bul- lelin No, 37, Madison, VVis., Oct 1893. GOFF, E. S.—The Russian thistle in nox- ious weeds. \Visconsin agriculiurzil ex- periment station bulletin, No. 39, Madison, Wis., April, 1894. H.\\‘s, \VII.LET M.——'l‘he Russian thistle or Russian tumble weed. Minnesota agri- cultural cxperimcnt station, bulletin No. 33, St. Anthony Park, .\Iinu., _]uly, I894. MORROW, G. l5.—'l‘h«: Rusxian thistle in Illinois. Illinois agricultural cxpcrimcnt station, bulletin No. 35, Champaign, lll., August, 1594. l’.\.\i:ui«:I., L, ll_—Botany of the Russian thistle. Iowa agricultural experiment sta- tion, bulletin No. 36, Anics, 121., [October], 1594- l’.»\.\l.\lEL, L. lI.—Thc Russian thistle, in some obnoxious weeds of Iowa. Annual report of Iowa agricultural society for 1893, Antes, Iowa, 1894. I)A’l‘R1k'K, G. E.—Rcport of the chemist (on Russian thistle). Iowa ngriculturalcx- pcriment station, bullctin No. 26, Amcs, Iowa, [October], 1894. Ross, J. N.~—Saltwort, in two weeds new to the Ifnitcd States. Annual report of the secretary of agriculture for 1891, Washington, D. C., 1892. Siiwi.Ev, W. ’1‘.—-Prize essay, in noxious weeds of Manitoba and how to dcstroy them. Special bulletin, department of zig- riculturc and immigration. \Vinnipcg, Manitoba, [.—\ugu.ing=do11e shows the absolute need oflvolltaill ‘rt fulfil Of 205 0Ut'rlV0 PE:-{CS r ‘ urcd and all storcs and warehouses ‘ wlu-re they are sold, with authority . to take samples for analysis from , ,-any stock wherever found. Any; iinquirivs made in this connection‘ arouse suspicion at once and put- IIIIA-*I't‘SlI,’(l parties on their guard, [and without this power it would [l‘t*(111lI‘ir‘lt detective force equal to [all the present police of the state. combincd to do the work essential to success. The necessity of this work all acknowledge. The one objection that will be made will be in the matter of expense. In this more than anything over which the state assumes supervision is the AID IN OTHER LINES. No one doubts the benefits de- rived from the work of the oil in- health from dishonest practices of unprincipled men. The foregoing does not of course show all that is required or all the changes necessary to be made but lack of space forbids going i uto the matter more fully. INDEX TO I’.-IPERS ON THE RIS- SIAN THISTLE. L. H. DEWEY. Since the Russian thistle has appeared in several localities in Michigan and has attracted more attention as a..weed than any other plant in the history of the country, a list of the bulletins and other papers published on the subject may be interesting. The following list is taken from a bibliographical index of the bul- _ , siict-cssful work is in provision for 8.] better laws and ad:-qtiate means for of printed _ ninttcr and are illus- thorough inspection as often as may their enforcenient if the people of trutctl ID)/_"'3 Plates and l1.‘~_"‘L{1'*«‘5- be found necessary of any and alljthe state are not to continue to] In most I11St8UC_t*»S large €U1_t1UUS places where foods are 1na1iiifa(:t-lsui‘l"cr in their pockets and in tl1eir§lia.ve been published and widely ;distr1butcd. More has been pub- ] lislicdzibout this wcedsince it began 3to attract general attention in 1802 than has been published about the Canada thistle in the hundred years it has been known as a bad weed _in this country. One effect of the ] distribution of these Russian thistle bulletins is already plainly meni- fest in the unprecedented awaken- .ing to the importance of weeds in [general and the Russian thistle in l particular. lVush‘i7L_qton, D. C. REL.\'l‘[l))l OF THE l)EPAlt'I‘MEN'l‘ OI" A(iItICUL'I‘UI{E TO THE STATE EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The legal and proper relation be- letius and pamphlets at hand and] necessarily omits some of the best]ment and those reserved to the culture devolving upon this depart- several states of the Union has been published inwestern agricult- ] been rendered more complicated by the act of March, 1887 1: known as the Hatch act), creating experiment stations throughout the states and territories, and also, under the color of law, establishing an anomalous partnership between the govern- ment of the United States and the governments of the respective states for the conduct and encour- agement of state agricultural ex- periment stations. An enormous annuity will accrue to the agricult- ural colleges with which the ex- periment stations are connected when the maximum figures are reached through the operation of the act of August, 1890 (known as the Morrill act), which willaggre- gate nearly two millions of dollars. But this is additional to the income from the almost limitless land leg- acy bestowed by the act of 1862, which has already realized to the agricultural colleges more than eight millions of dollars, and is not yet exhausted. But over that vast sum of money the federal govern- ment exerciscs no practical super- vision nor the slightest control. As to that sum of money the Sec- retary of Agriculture has no direc- tion whatever, except as to $25,000 thereof. for the purpose of merely advisory functions. This appro- priation by the general government is unlike any other public moneys legislated out of the treasury of the United States, because there is no officer of the United States authorized to direct, limit, control, or audit its itemized expenditure. RECOMMENDATIONS. Section 3 of the act creating ex- periment stations ought to be so amended as to either give the Uni- ted States department of agricult- ure 8. larger direction of the meth- ods of expending the annual ap- propriations made for experiment stations. or so as to decisively de- termine that the department has no control over it whatever, and is not required even to “ give advice.” In short, the annual app1'op1'ia.tion of between $700,000 and $800,000 made for experiment stations ought to be charged to experiment sta- tions directly, and they entirely divorced from depiwtmental direc- tion; or the law should provide that the secretary of agriculture shall have some power to direct and to restrain the disbursements of the government moneys in each of the experiment stations of the United States, so to insure only a legit- imate expenditure of the same. l.\'\‘ESTIGATIOI\'. Complete investigation into the managemeiit of each experiment station in the United States and Territories will, therefore, certainly elevate in public esteem and render ‘still more illustrious those distin- guished scientists who have faith- fully and efficiently discharged their duties as directors. And it will just as certainly uncover. de- lmolish, and dis_<_r1'zice those, if any there be, who have frittci-ed away the public funds, rendered ineffi- cient service, and established as solid reputations which were only ‘thinly plated with picteiise. In- ]vest.igat-ion will build up the strong; ‘it will destroy the cliarlatan and the pretender in science, as in all other liuman pursuit.s.»——Ii’ep0rf of S(;’-C}‘(‘f(!,'l']/ of ;lgrz'cLI.llurc, /V5.93. [ THE LIQIWIR QI‘ES'l'I0.\‘. i EDITOR GRANGE V1siroR—-Nuni- bertwo among the topics suggested for discussion through the VISITOR 4 reads thus: “ (Jan the fnrniers aid ‘in solving the liquor q11cstion?” Certainly, they can if they will‘? Are not more than half of the [voters in our state farmers? And [are not their interests identical? Do they need saloons? Does any- body except bummers and loafers, want: them? Can anyone give a. single good reason for their exist- ence? If so it is a new discovery, and should be promulgated. No, Inota word can be said in their favor; they are bad from beginning to end, and all through. They are the hot-beds of iniquity, schools from which criminals graduate that fill our jails and prisons with in- mates whose maintenance compels us to go deep into our pockets for our hard earnings. Could the taxes we pay on account of the ac- cursed liquor traffic be placed on the tax rolls in a. separate column, it would astonish us, and cause the taxpayers to rise en masse and blot tween the duties in behalf of agri- Continued on page 8. ,...,,....,.,,..........-so ... ....... , l l 8 THE GRANGE V ISITOR. NOVEMBER 15, 1894. THE LIQUOR QUESTION. [Continued from page 7.] out the saloons from our state and nation. Yes, the farmers cannot only aid in solving, but can themselves solve the liquor question. But, if so, how 2’ \Vill high license do it‘? No, we have high license in Michigan and drunkenness is increasing. The higher the license the more liquor will be sold. I am an out and‘ out. protectionist-. 1. believe in protecting our honor, riglits, pock- ets, men, women, from the inroads of the liquor traflic. W'hy not protect our fellow beings as rigidly as we do our horses and other stock? We have a live stock commission, whose duty it is to see that our live stock is protected from contagious dis- eases, and this is (lone by destroy- . ing the affected animals, without compensation to the owners either. According to our laws does not the beast have 5.,-‘renter protection than human beings‘? How do we pro- tect our people from the ravages of rum? Much as the wolf does the lamb, only we substitute the saloon for the wolf. The penalty for slaying a n1oiint- ain sheep in Colorado is ten years in the penitentiary; while we of Michigan do what? license saloons to degrade our people and disgrace our civilization. Some weak-kneed men claim we cannot put a stop to the liquor business. “Yell, if the men of l\Iicl1igan have not backbone enough to protect their families from the grasp of this whisky de- mon, the sooner they vacate their places as heads of families the bet- ter, and give place to their better halves, who would make short work with the saloons. “ Have they any interest or duty in the matter." They have if they have any of the love of God, or of their fellow beings in their hearts. Have they forgot- ten the curses that are pronounced upon the drunkard and he who puts the bottle to his neighboris lips? If we do not actually raise the cup to his lips, we authorize another to do it, we being the silent partner in the business. In- asmuch as we have sold to the active member of the firm the priv- ilege of carrying on the drunkard making business, and have his money in our treasury, what is the diti'erence in the standing of the parties, or their i'e.l|UIlllk‘lll\, and all l’;1troiv> lllIlL’(‘tl. :1ri- TL” _ (l\lC>lL‘\l to >Iclltl. us p()>I‘ *- ‘us giiilig .\0ll|c' ilt*\\'.\ ioiiin-_V.—-.iii_\ tlii if inLcic~,Lo _vuii, It will inter- ~. I‘lc.t>'c :ll.~U ~L'n(l .~lH.\l”I .in~\v«~r.~ to sonic or :Lll of the fnlloivin-,4 q\lL‘$IlI)ll.\'. Help us to innkc this the nmst \;llll‘.l.lVlt: column in tlic \'1.s- I'roi<. , I. ll()‘.\' l.\ your (il"|lll_'L: pro.~1>rriiig.‘ :. I'I;1\‘c\'ou lll‘.l.I‘l_\ _\'oini§_-' pv.:oplcf' 3. \\'ii;Lt do oiii.~i(lcr.~ think of your (Ir;ii~.gc and its \\'0I’l\.: 4. \\lll‘.l.L (lilli('iiltic.~: do you inccl.‘ _;, \\'li:il are your })l'U.\})L:t'l.\'.: ll. \\'li:i1i~ most in.-c«lcd in (ir:uii_;'c work in your \'lL'lllll_\'." 7. In wlinl \\:iy .irc your liy l\l‘li!ll‘~_‘ill‘_', LL|lllL‘(1|1lll'4‘c'.' t.‘llll‘(,‘I': lll0\l liciictltcd i)I§l'I‘L'.\RY. hi~tcr Anizmda Storcr died at her home in l}iii‘liii~_}_‘Ion townsliip, Sunday, October .11, after :1 short but painful illness. In the death of Sister ritovcr North Branch (1'r'.ingc has lost one of its most faitlifuland eliicicni worl-:crs. Our .~ynipa'.liies go out to our licrc:i\'cd ln‘othcr and family, ll, lil{.\l)Sll.»\\\', .l/u.».’r1' 0/ .\'u,--.»‘// />’ru1Ir/i (':')'zI;/gr’, .\'u, 007 Si.~.cr ll. ll. \\'oodmnn dictl Nov. 4, after over .1 year of llllL‘lI'~'L‘ sullcriiig. Tliosc who kncw her best loved hcr inost dearly and 1~rai~x: lwr inost lii;_;‘lil_\'. Sister llinds has wiiiicn a beautiful lribulc to Mrs. '\\'oodin:1o, ior ihi- l.~\kl\_‘, l . l l‘l"l in no ilr tllil w1.;.. k’tlI\\.~\,li~ll.|ll~lliiI1lI l 'l'l\i~ lilk‘ of mm lzil l\!‘L' ll.ll I- lint -t ~\il\.ll‘l\ of the life clvsinn. \\'2...,.. ,...,x.n \‘»i’t‘-Ill Tit-.ln.'." CHICAGO, ILL. I liquors be so amended that it will prevent 3 POSTAL IOTTINGS. G. A. Allen W. M., and Miss Etta Fear W. S., of West Handy Grange, No. 613, were married October 31, at Mason. All members of said Grange unite in wishing them a long and happy life. i-L.-\'I‘O\’ K.\I’IDS (QR.-XNIEE, NO, 300. VVe are holding our regular meetings and planning for work for the winter. Our attendance has been fairly good during the past summer. As the busy season is get- ting over we expect a larger attendance and more interesting and profitable winter incctings, \Vc held our first Grange fair October 13. and it was voted :1 great success. Dis- plays of farm, garden, and orchard products, fancy work and curiosities, were made by 1*‘. E. Bostedor and Mrs, Bostedor; S. R. Crittenden ; I} L Bentley; II. Iiranible, and Mrs. Bramble; A. l). Saxton and Mrs. Saxton; Miss Myrtle lilodgett; Mrs. Conklin; F, A. Osborn and Mrs. Osborn: Mrs. M. Smith; Dr. R. Fuller; Levi Rogers, and Mrs. and Miss Rogers; 0. B. Lake: Ancil F}. Ilolmes; and Perry Spears, Montcalm Grange, No. 3i.\‘,i.~ tlourishing tincly. \\'c are taking in new members right along every few weeks, beside rein- .~l2ltIIl§;' old ones, which seems best of all to have our “ pi'oLli§,{uls" return to us. , notwitlistanding the busv season of h:irvcst- ‘ It was the annual niecting ? , ing potatoes. , and ollicers were electcd, also delcgzites to l the State Grange, \'i7..: lil‘Oil1Cl'_]{1l1l€S Tay- ‘ l 101' illltl wifc. IVIRS. C. II. Tll0Ml’.\0.\', Sn‘. interesting Morenci Grange has . . l l l : very l Elisuzlllv so by reaxon of the l bank building for the use of the Grange. l county was represented. Dinner and sup- l_ per were served to many gllflsls; and the E younu" 7C())lC of which we have :1 roodlv J - "‘ . l . . 5 ' T number did well their wart in work and in , * l . . the program that followed in the evcinng. ‘ l\Ve used the dedicatory ritual with very little change, and it ivris very pretty and- instructive. Many spectators wished they too were Patrons and mzitrons. The great- est dilliculty we have to contend with is, being sitiizited in town. but for ncgirly twenty-tivc _\'€Zl.l‘e wc lnive held our own, and at present. we number over 100 and are taking in new mem‘ner.<. So that we feel with our new ball and much better conveniences our prospects for future work are very good. But what is most needed is :1 more complete sy.:innpti1ous dinner, the \Vorthy l\Til§L€I': Llcclarcd an open session and an interc.‘S. J. J. DEA I. & NON, .lo||r~.~'\'iIIc, Slit-‘xi. I lllllllllAll-lllilllillllllllllfi - llllllllltllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l Toe , -as GRANGE l HEADQUARTERS STEAM HEAT, ELECTRIOCALL BELLS, ELEVATOR, AND ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES Write us and let us know what day you will arrive and we will reserve you good room. H. J. DOWNEY’S SONS. Don’t get in the Wrong Place Again This Year. The Old Reliable HUDSON HOUSE 1 l l l ls Headquarters. ROTEL l