" T///1' .]".l[i’-l//fl.’ l.\' 0]” .l////.’/:' I.’/c/.\'.\‘/iv/'/:'.\'( '/1' 7'//.l VOL. XX. N0. 6. MA l’t(,'H '_‘l . 1~‘.~.‘., Liberty, Equality, and Justice. Have Our L1-5.-;i.~1ator~' Set-iiri-«I the-in for .VliI'lii;.-;:Ili '.’ l’opular govcriiiiiciit p1‘csiip]H>.~‘cs1l1e ex- istence of liberty. eijuality. and justiccas its fundamental priiiciples. Theoretically these principles prevail in .\Iichigan. I’ractically they do not. How is it as to political rights! ()nc—half of the people. though subject to the laws. have no voice in making those laws. Their right to vote and the right of the people to cast their ‘ votes for them is denied. Their only polit- ical right and opportuiiity is to bear their share of public burdens arbitrarily iniposed by authority usurped from time iiiiiiicinor- ial. “hat is this but tyraniiy.’ A tyrant is one who enjoys privileges that otliei' cit- izens do not, and has rights that he is un- willing they shall have. and prevents their gaining. Is not the Ilicliigan voter who opposes equal rights at heart as truly a 3 tyrant as he who sits upon a despotic throne! Is the legislator tit and wortli_v to make laws for a people if he pcrsisteiit- ly opposes granting liberty, eil1g very nicely. I have made a spjégcizil effort to visit those who are out on pfiitple, and iii in:ui_v instances have been a e to adjust sonic little uiipleasaiitness t ft might exist, placing both guardian anil boy on a good. substantial basis,wlici'c in'”:‘iiany cases without proper adjustiiicnt thi.-Jboy would have been rcturned to thc sciiool. " Nuiiiber of boysin school June 34>. lsfi-I. 4753. (‘est to the state. in round nuiiibcrs. -‘:_‘tit';i,04 W per year." . 3 State Public School. ,7 Froin lie-purl ofl.‘_‘:l11 State Pub- lic Scliool. have been both father and mother to tI1(*sc."»,.'i.\Hcl1ll(l1‘(‘I1. They have been and are now cared for in such a way that in most cases the result obtained is that of good citi7.ciisl'iip. honored men and women instead of criniinals." _ The approximate cost of the scliool is >541 U N M pei' year. The Salary Question. A correspoiidcnt strikes a popular theme in the "Reduction of Salaries." He gives some figures which can be studied with in- tcrest and profit. The county referred to unable to show any worse examples than many others throughout Ohio or any other state. \\'hcn prices of farm products were salaries paid to the ottieials as they do now. when it takes two or three times as much of their products to pay their taxes as it did then. It is no wonder that there is such a iiia— nia for oflice among those who want to make money rapidly and with but little work. The temptation is certainly great and many politicians who might have made good citizens or business men are led_ into the whirlpool of politics by the enticing salaries that are held up before them. It must be admitted that a nianis not to blame for taking hold of a good thing if he can do "it honestly and honorably, but the induce- ments are so tempting that the methods used in securing otiices are not always as straight as they might be. Leaving all this out of the question it is not only extrava- 0'ant to pay the prices for the services ren- ( ered in some of the oflices in the counties of the ditferent states, but unjust as Well. Every cent paid in such cases above a fair compensation is unjustly taken from inno- cent parties, whether the salaries are_ fixed by law and taken from the taxes levied or are in the shape of fees. This is a time of retrenchment in many lines, and as suggested by the correspond- ent referred to it would be well to agitate this question upon every suitable occasion. If the tax payers do not take the matter in .\' ]".lI?-l/. -»l.\'l/ N//I//'I./I [I/1‘ 1"//357' /.l//’]?//IV/1'/I." ‘ %—————— - (‘llAl{l.()'lVl‘lC. .\ll(‘lll(iAN,:!i \\'ll()l.li N0. 4112. lltlllil and jillsll it locnili ilelion it will n(-\'(-1- be done. Tliosc who iold or aspire to tlicsc otliccs are not «_roin«_r to urge a move * in this direction or assist very much if one is started.- 1/‘. ,\'I///‘II/«rd .\'/ml’///II/1 tint] /‘i(/’;,(. p h A Steps Toward Government Control of 3l‘l;?""l’l‘i:itellL'S(‘1'\':ll1lS. The iiiacliiiicry ae- conipanying such a declaration should be modelled on the iiitcrstatc coiuiiicrcc act. It should be provided that some autliority be cstablislicd for thc 1'cgul:itioii of wage coiitracts on railroads. I would not have the iiiacliiiicry of the law for the regulation of such matters provide for a coiiipulsory adjustiiieiit. as now pi'o\'i(lcl(l routine in order to run after the high farmers did not look upon the high ii/,,£,\« ,¢:mm..- of litcrai'y fanic. \\'hci'e there are words of cnc“4.'»?_*" .:>,~ -’ ,.building which should be wariii whichelevates hay, grain, or corn fodder, as easily as the hay fork does hay, and much more rapidly, this objection is over- come. If straw is to be kept in the barn (and this should alwavs be done) one needs plenty of room, and the barn be less than 42 feet wide, and then if one builds a silo in the barn, it should be that much larger and more stable room must he provided, for those who use the silo keep double the stock usually that thev would keep if they used oiilv drv fodder. I wonder how many farmers in the state of Michigan can tell how many cubic feet are required to store an acre of average hav. wheat, oats, rye, peas or straw. I have asked many farmers and few could tell me, should not ' 5 come loosened. f driving storm will send the snow or , through the roof. the building. Thus for a. barn 48 feet wide, the rafter material shouldobe 18 feet long. The rafters themselves would be out about 17 feet. In shincrling, I would lay only four inches to t e weather, and insist on two nails in every shingle and three in wide. shingles. lfvery dry shingles are used they should not be crowded close together, as when soaked they will bulge up and be- If laid with a long ex- posure to weather and poorly nailed, every rain This would be more i likely to occur on the upper roof since it is i flatter. yeta little observation would settle this ; Eoint, and be quite a lielpin barn building. uild as large a barn as you can. i often we see a farmer build, and then in a year or two build additions. and so con- tinue until his barii is out of proportion. and very iinhaiidy. sour. SMALL iiAii.\'s. As an illustration Neighbor .\I--——, who has SH acres, built a barn 30x-to and in a couple of years it would not hold his hay alone, and he sold five acres in the field rather than stack it. His gi'aiii had to be stacked out of doors. Neighbor C built 3b‘x-II) for a fifty acre farm of splendid soil. and that same year had to stack out of doors because his barn was too small. On the other hand, a neighbor who has a 120 acre farm, and who already had a fine horse barn Eltlxifi, built a basement barn Itixm, and found it just right. \Vhen it was all done he reinarkcd, “There, I can raise all the peas and rye I want to, and have room to store them in, straw and all." There are many minor points which de- mand oui' attention,such as barn flooi's.,ooo, for the payment of expenses of scci'ct:1i'y of state, land coiiiiiiissioner, and ti'c:1sui'ci', does not carry, they are apt to be p:1sse«l. So we say, simply from the liiisiiiess side of the question, we favor this ainciidmeiit. ___________ I-IONESTY, NOT HE‘-ILTH. The opponents of the pure food bill, in their iirgiiments before the joint commit- tee, hl:1.ndly stated that they would be will- ing to co—opcr:ite with anyone to prevent the sale of substances deleterious to health. Of course this aipparcnt concession aiiioiiiits to nothing, for it is no trouble to hire al- leged clieinists to prove that almost any- thing is not deletei'iou;< to health. They will even eat the stuff before your eyes, :1nd livcl “hen the friends of the iiieasure ar- gued that “we want to prevent :1. dcalcr from selling us chicory as coffee,” the lawyer i'epreseiiting the grocers exclziiiiied, “l\'hat hurt does it do 3" That‘s it: what hurt does it do——to be dislionest? For this pure food qll.">il<.=Il one of honesty rather than one of health. Theob- ject of such legislation is to prevent the sale of dishonest goods. When you ask for currant jelly do you want :1 batch of glu- cose, containing aiiytliing but currzint, palmed oil’ on you’! When you ask for 40 cent coffee do you want to get wheat bran, pea shells, and chicory! \Vheii you buy butter do you want hog and beef fats! lVh:it hurt do these things do! “'hy. the sanie hurt that any forgery does. They are cheats and frauds. Can‘t we protect ourselves against frauds! Haven”: we power to regulate polite, piecemeal steal- ing? Is it oppressive that we should de- mand of every iiierchzint that he sell us honest goods? The only {Il'gI1lllOIlt of the opponents is, what hurt does it dot All that we ask is that all food and dairy products be placed on the market for what they are——sold on their merits. Merchants and manufacturers, aren’t you willing to do that? “'6 do not believe that any pure food advocate desires to do more than that. Are you dealers willing to meet the people half way, and honestly endeavor to aid in framing a law that shall, with the least possible injustice, carry out the idea of honest goods? If you are willing, let us know it. If you are not willing, you sim- ply declare your partiality for these cheats. The pure food question is one of honesty, rather than one of health. TAX STATISTIOIAN. The tax statistician bill came up last week in House committee of the whole, and met with sufliicient opposition to defeat it tem- porarily. It appears to us that much of the opposition arose from a misunderstand- ing of the provisions and intent of the bill. Let us briefly consider the chief objections raised. 1. “It establishes a department which shall eventually take charge of the tax matters of the state.” This is far from the intent of the bill. The purpose is not to act as a spy on any department, but sim- ply to ascertain facts that no other person or bureau has the authority to secure. The very fact that the most important data rel- ative to taxation in this state cannot be answered by any department in the capitol ,' is pcriiiittcd. 3 donc uiidcr :iii_v cxistiiig 1lcp:11'tiueiiI.—but ‘ the pcoplc would ncvcr know how much it “e bclicvc . the interests of the state will be bcttei'sub- . served if it docs czirry. Purely as :1 matter Thc (irauge thiiilts ditfci'ciitl_v. And we do 1 not sec how any intelligent lcgisl:itoi' Cilll st:incc.thci'c are three bills iiitroduccd that if i passed will cost more than this raise in s::il- i , tions under the pi'csciit law. 1 st.-ztri. i is suflicient excuse for :1 tax statisticiziii. personally to the duties . and that the salziries of dep— " 2. “Put it in the builds of the au(lito1- general. " Such work is not his lmsincss. , His is an executive otlicc clmrgcd with the :1diiiii1istratioii of laws, uinoiig them the tax law. It is not pertinent to his duties to add to them statistical work of:iiiv kind. if it can be avoided. . 3. "It ci'c:itcs :1 lot of p:1ti'oii:1gc." It does not. One competent otiiccr at $1 .31 u 1. and an :lllt)\\'2l.llt'(* of ._s-_»_ooo In-1' _\-9;u- fw- (‘lC1‘lL':ll zissistaiicc and c.\'pcnscs is all that lt would cost as much if cost. 1. “No use for iii:itci'i:1l when secured." prcpairc :1 s:1tisf:1ctoi'_v tax law with the iiicagrc data at hand as to cxistiiig condi- lt is:1llf_"l1css work. Lct us make it as scicutitic as it it possible todo. deputy zittoriicy general. who would re— 5 Another provides 7 The whole and sole aim of the bill is to secure, at the least po,-siblc cost, l'L‘ll:ll)l6 statistics to guide future lcgislaturcs in . such revisions and iiiodiliczitioiis of our tax when on state business. These bills i1i:1v not become laws, but if the aiiicndiiicnt ‘ lawsiis will secure justice to all the people. Beneath the Dome. in this column we dc.-igii to mention and (ii."(‘ll~'~ those iiicusurcs iiitroduccd into the lo-gislatiirc that w4- ll(‘ll!‘\'l‘ will he of most iiiiportaiicc and llllI'l'l’>'l to our ru-adors. lf H11)‘ of our readers desire to lmvu the provisioiis of any bill that we do not iiieiition and will let us know their wislii-~' we will 4-iulcsvor to get the iiifuriiuitinii. Mi‘. \Vil<,lc_\"s bill providiiig for semi- aiiiiual p:iyinciit of taxes has had f:1vor:1blc coi1si,4NPU and still rc- quirc them to live in Lziiisiiig Mr. Lee of Lzipcer has :1 gem-i':1l county cziiivziss bill providing for :1 l)tl:ll'(l of cuti- vzisscrs of three incinbci's. elected by the bozird of supci'visoi's. Tlicse thrcc, with the county clerk. shall be the board of county c:1iiv:1ssci's. Mr. Lee estin1:1tcstli:1t the p:1ss:igc of this bill would result in :1 in the saving of nczirly $3t,l,ooo :1 year Mr. Lee also has an aiiieiiiliiieiit to the general highway law for the relief of weak road districts. It gives: the electors of - each highway district the right to fix the aiiiouiit of per cciit to be assessed on the taxable property of the district as statute labor. Thus :1 district can determine for itself the amount of road work to be done in that district in any given year. “'0 have been asked to outline the bills on pure food and the townsliip unit sys- tem. The Redfern (house) bill and the Brundzige (senate) bill are identical bills. and were drawn under the supervision of the dairy and food coiniiiissioiicr. Several other bills have been introduced, all hear- ing upon the subject. The lirundage bill has some features about it that are not quite s:itisf:i.ctoi'y to the friends of pure food, and it is probable that :1 substitute bill will be drawn, and the fight made on that. llvhen that is accoiiiplislied we will )resent the matter in detail. “'0 will here, however, briefly outline the Redfern—Bi'ui1— dage hill. 1. The prohibition of sale of all adulter- ated foods and drugs. 2. Prohibiting sale of unwholesome milk or skim milk. 3. Prohibition of the sale of oleo or but- terine as butter. The labelling of the for- mer. A ilacard in each store selling the same. Placards in hotels using oleo, stat- ing the fact. Prevention of coloring oleo to look like butter. 4. Prohibiting sale of filled cheese. Branding cheese in two grades, “full cream,” and “skim milk” if below a cer- tain percentage of fats. 5. Prohibiting sale of substitute lard unless branded. 6. Vinegar must be fruit vinegar and contain certain per cent of fruit solids and acetic acid. 7. Prohibiting sale of alum baking pow- ders. Labelling all baking powders with names of ingredients. 8. Prohibitin sale of adulterated honey, ma le sugar, je ly, canned goods, coffee, an li nor. 9. Oommissioner to get $2,000 a year, deputy, $1,500, chemist, $1,200; $2,000 for a laboratory and chemicals first year, and $500 a. year thereafter, power to appoint inspectors, power to search any building, vehicle, etc., for impure goods; $15,000 per year to carry out the provisions of the act. ' As said above, some of the features of the bill will doubtless be eliminated or modified. The township unit bill in brief provides: ,, . .L[lI/1 gpssed ess .§§..'.‘.....i ,1” the Eus- au have a. ‘ it is en- e inflam- '£o its upr- fier; nme ; nothing of deal- éby Hall's edo, 0. MARCH 21, 1895. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 1. On petition of the majority of quali- fied electors in any township living outside an incorporated city or village, the town- ship board shall call a township school meeting to elect oflicers. In other wor~l.~'. the petition. when found by the township ‘ board to be genuine. converts the town- ship into a school district. Boundaries of township district shall follow lines of fractional districts including those fi'actional districts whose school houses are situated within the township. 3. Annual meeting held tirst .\Ionda_v in September. Five trustees: term, ‘live years. This is the board of education. One member shall be chosen pi'e.si:lent.one clerk, and one, ti'easui-er. each for one year. at. This board has full charge of the schools of the district, can build .~'L'li00l houses, hire teacliers. etc. (‘oinpcn-'ation of trustees -$1.30 per day for time actually employed, clerk and treasurer not to ex- ceed $.30 per year each. Another bill that the (‘rrangc is inter- ested in is that providing for a tax statis- tician. The plan has been outlined in the V ISITOR, but the matter is of so much iiii- portance that we again outline the pro- visions of the measure. _ 1. Governor to appoint a tax statistician: term two _vears, salary 81,31 #0. 2. His duties are stated in Sec. ‘.3 of the bill, which reads as follows: Sec. 2. It shall he the dutv of the Tax Sta- tistician to ascertain, as fully as practicable,the actual and the assessed value of the rea_l an_d personal property within the state which is subject to taxation under the provisions of the general tax law; the character and value of all property which is exempt from taxation and the reasons for such exemption; the value and character of the property belonging to corpor- ations or individuals paying or liable for the payment of specific taxes, and the earnings of such corporations or properties; the amount of taxes assessed, the amount paid and the amount returned delinquent; the amount of such de- linquent taxes which is lost to the State, and its political subdivisions and the reasons for such loss; and such other facts relative to the sourc- es and collection of the revenue of the State, and of counties, townships, cities, villages and school districts as are pertinent to the inquiry thereby instituted. He shall compile and record the statistics in such a manner as to be able to furnish information relative to the sources of public revenue and the properties assessed and taxed in each of the political subdivisions of the State, so far as is practicable. He shall also ascertain. so far as may be, whether the spirit and letter of the general and specific tax laws in force from time to time is enforced, and if such enforcement results in an equitable and just distribution of the taxes authorized by the various political subdivisions of the State for their support, or wherein lies the failure to se- cure the full results intended by the enactments of said law, 3. All oflicers shall furnish him any in- formation he may ask in perforniing his duties, on penalty for refusing to do so. The statistician may compel attendance of witnesses, and put them on oath. -1. He can employ such assistance as he needs, but can spend only $2,001: per year for all expenses aside from salary. Mr. Foster of Ingliam has a bill to raise the age of consent from 1-} years to 16 years. Senator i\IcLaughlin has a bill making the age 18. At present Michigan is included with 15 other states in fixing the age at 14. Two states make it 15, 12 have iit it at 16, one at 17, and VVyoming and Ixansas at 18. Michigan can certainly do no less than change the age to lo, if not to 1.5’. Mr. Foster also has a compulsory edii— cation bill. All children between the ages of 8 and 1-1 years shall attend school at least four months of the year. The atten- dance miist be consecutive. Children liv- ing more than two and one—half miles from a school having less than four months school each year are exempt. The district board or board of education in graded or township districts shall appoint a truant officer for one year. In primary school districts the chairman of the township board of school inspectors shall be the truant ofiicer. The truant officer has power to compel parents to comply with the law. The penalty is a fine of not less than five or more than fifty dollars, or ini- prisonment for not less than ten days, or both. Senator Jewell has several interesting bills. One that has become a law, we be- lieve, compels the secretary of statetogive bonds to $25,000; the . deputy secretary of state, $20,000, the executive clerk and rivate secretary of the governor, each 5,000. _ Also a bill to tax sleeping cars. Michi- igan tried unsuccessfully in 1883 to pass a constitutitional law taxing sleeping cars. Several other states have tried to do it, usually without success. This bill pro- poses to tax the proportion of the capital stock of the sleeping car companies doing business in this state as the number of miles run in this state bears to the total mileage of the company. Senator Jewell T estimates a revenue of $12,000 per year from this source if the bill becomes a law. It may be remembered that two years ago we favored Senator Doran’s inheri- tance tax bill,which passed, but which was declared unconstitutional. has presented the same bill, which is the T New York law. ' aid of teacliei's' institutes. 1 each male teacher is compelled to pay one Senator Jewell . The point of unconstitu- tionalitv is avoided by allowing the tax to go to the primary school fund as specific tax. We lieartily approve of Senator Jewell‘s bill to make the clerk of the board of state :llitlito1‘s(to be called secretar_v) and the engiiiccr of the grounds and bliildingS, :. The clerk of the board of auditors occupies one of the ino:-zt ]'(*5‘j)()I],\'illl(‘ piisitiiills‘ in the capitol. but ' his L-xisteiit,-c is not i'Cc()gnl7.e(l by law, and lie is the cinployee, not really of the , ,-mto_ but of the bo:ird of state auditors. That one of Senator Jewell‘s measures which will be of most interest to our read- . ers is one repealing the special charter of I the Micliigiiii (‘cntral railroad. and bring- ing them under the general law. This will compel them to adopt a two cent fare for passengers. Mr. Hovt of Ottawa introduced :1 bill in At present dollar to the institute fund, and each fe- male teacher fifty cents. This bill provides for the payment by the state to each coun- ty ii sum equal to one dollar to each teacher i'equii'e-s of Lawrence in :1 paper "llocs the i'aising of coi'ii pay." said. » though thecrops for the last few years had not been very i'ciiuiiiei'ativc.it was a cereal that wccould not easily dispense with. and that thorough cultivation and irrigation in 3 favorable localities would do much to iii- creasc the }ll'()fi[s' of the crop. (ioml music and rccitatioiis was iiitei'spcrs
    g1';i11i_ . .li«:N.\‘iE llixsitiiiit. .\'«-cretai'_v. The Graded Coursebf Reading. This was adopted one year ago by the State (irangc. after it had been in use two _veai'sin Occana county. The coiiiinittce on education. at the last State (‘xrangc also endorsed the moveinent and calledhon all good l’atroiis to help the matter along. (,‘oininissioiier Clark is pushing the inattcr iii lierricn county. \\'e can see great good coming from it in Oceana couiitv where every school is now using it. l’atrons, can we have your help on this line! The “l’u- pils’ (imtletl (.'oiii'sc of licadiiig“ is a Grange child. It was started by a l’:itron in an Oceana coulil_\' (irange. will you not help us father it 5 ' \Ve had c\’pectcd to hear from (‘oinniis- sioner .\lc\\'itliey of ( irand Traverse county before this: from l{:ilkask:i county too. Braiicli and .\ew:iygo counties are ripe for the l’. G. C. of l{. Boys and girls who had built up an appetite for trzisliy reading ai'c now reading "Old Times in the Col- onies." "Little .\lcn." “Little Wonieii." " lien llur.“ "Black Beauty.“ "Little Lord F-.iiii1tlci'oy." c‘c.. and moving on to a higher life. ls-not a pure. useful life worth working for! The l’. (i. t‘. of li. in Oceana county alone is helping hundreds of boys and girls in the prcparzitioii for true citizciiship. My brother and sister coniiiiissioiicrs. can‘t you join with us in this grand work! Let every coiiiinissioii- er take the (i‘ri. W. J. Bi;.\i.. Prcsideiir: A. A. \Vii.i:t'1:. Vice Pr:--i=i»-mz t‘. H. 0.\BA_\'l). ('a>hier. “'0 l’l‘£l!].~'i\Cl a gminml hnnkin our savings deparruicnt we l'l‘(‘,-‘l one (In at or over and pay llll('lN.' left tlircc months or lon-._:l-r at 4 per cent. OFFI('i£S - In our COllllll<‘l‘L‘l£ll dcpartmr,-nt wc receive ac- counts of niurcliauts and bu.-‘ix . issue iiitc-rest licariuz certificat you have any banking iv eli ble* : Tofintch 80 per cennsxu Blauurixa * Durable, Correct in Principle. lander * ' u W‘i>2rld‘a 17:1-.l6:.rt5. allrgpé ror * -A» lone. POULTRY FOR PROFITnl:l:lle ,,.".'.$.‘; iiiieahlhmi I_i:(::nnti‘.'5tlllSl'l6(l, usually both, and the tenantniovcs to some other farm, seeking to better his con- dition. The result is that the fences are down, the buildings dilapida- ted. and the farin generally pre- sents a barren and uni1ivitingap— pcnrzuice. This practice if con- tinucd for :1 few years would wear out the most fertile land on the globe. The average negro has no more knowledge of what is meant by thorough cultivation than he has of politics, and the saine thing is true of altogether too many of the white farmers of the state. The rotation is usually as follows: Cot- ton and corn. cotton and corn, cotton and corn, etc. LAND THAT \\'AsTi:s. The first thing :1 man from the north would notice in passing through the state. would be that the rows are all laid off so as to follow the water level. This is made necessary by reason of the terraces. which are thrown up to keep the land from washing. Owing to the extreiuc fiiieiicss of the p2u'tlclcs of the soil, and to the ab- sence of organic matter, occasioned by the continued clean culture. it is iieccssai'ytli;1t the land be tor- raccd to prevent wa,-'l1iiig. Nearly all the plowing and culti- vating is done with the one mule plow. Tliemule takes the place of the horse entirely, and to see him going slcepily through the field, drawing the little gopher or scoot- er plow. a negro between the handles guiding him bya single rope line, you cannot but feel that they make a good combination. The mule is a patient, long—sufl’er- ing animal, and that accounts for the intimate rclations between him and the negro. Too )lL'CI{ COTTON. The fnriiiers of the state have sufi'ci'ed by raising too much cot- ton, and not devoting any atten- tion to the food crops. Instead of raising those crops which would insure an abundant supply of food for themselves and stock, they raise cotton, and buy their meat from the West, and their flour from the north. The prevailing low price of cotton will naturally lead to an increased cultivation of other crops, and may thus prove a blessing in the end. 1 Stock raising and the dairy in- dustry, lines which have been neg- lected, are coming to demand at- tention, and the farmers are begin- ning to realize that there are means of obtaining a livelihood beside the raising of cotton. This state is well adapted to stock raising. The climate is Warm, the water is plenty, and the native grasses fur- nish rich and abundant pastures. The hope for the farmers of South Carolina seems to be in raising more stock, in using the barnyard dd ,,,,,g,_,,“.':.‘3l'.‘.h‘.':‘.?’i¥.*‘....'°'o..°‘";..:t...£°3‘3 manure in place of spending so much for commercial fertil practicing a system of tho izers, rou h ,cultivation, and inauguratinor a jgu— {dicious rotation of crops. 11 the ,?farms in the state where this plan fis carried out, nature rewards with bundant harvest. ;an a PRICE or LAND. 5 To those farmers of Michigan ho are seeking a more congenial , clime, South Carolina offers strong iinduccments. Good farm land gmay be pu1'chased for from $11) to ,-$12 per acre in the very best loca- jtions. Farm hands may be secured gfor 50 cents per day without board. land their labor, properly directed. Eis very eflicient. The seasons are ilong and two crops may bchar— the land the sanie ,vcsted from lyear. . The south is rapidly coming to [realize the importance of the dc- lvelopment of its agricultural rc- llsourccs, and settlers from the north are given a hearty welcome. Na- Iture has been lavish in her gifts all that is needed is the intelligent use and proper development of na- ,ture's gifts. Clemson College. S. C. _________.___ Michigan Census Bulletin. Farms Classified According to Tenure. Tables are presented showing the number of farms classified ac- cording to tenure, and the dairy statistics of the state as returned in the state census -of J unc 1. 18191. No farm of less than three acres was returned unless two hundred dollars worth of produce was sold otf from it during the year. The total number of faruis in the state is 177,952, of which 1-19,0213 are cultivated by owner.-', 9,127 are rented for fixed money rental.’ and 131,732 are rented for sliares of products. In 1584 the total number of farms returned in the census was 157,389, of which 138,523 were cultivated by owners, 5,657 were rented for fixed money ' rental, and 13,203) were rented for shares of products. Comparing the re- turns in 1511-1 with those for 1.584, there is an increase of 20,563, or 13.07 per cent. in the total number of farms; of 10,507, or 7.63 per cent. in the nuilgler cultivated by owners; of 3,471), or 61.31 per cent in the number rented for fixed money rental, and of ¢5,s323, or 11?.- percent in the number rented for slinrcs of products. Of the total number of farms in the state, 88.01 per cent. llll«$'H—.l>, and 835.78 per cent in 1511-1 were cultivated by owners; 3.150 per cent in 1881, and 5.13 per cent in 1801 were rented for money; and 8.31? per cent in 1581, and 11.01) per cent in 1613-1 were rented for sliarcs of products. Beginning with 1880, in each one thousand farms in the state, the number cultivated by owners at each census was as follows: 15$!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1901) ]ss1...... ......sso 1.s)wo.... ......So() 1514...... ...r538 Considering the state by sections, and comparing with the returns of ten years ago there is an increase of 3,o‘7b‘ farms in the southern four ticrs ot counties, of $4,601 in the central c011nties,of5,150in the nor- thern counties of the lower penin- sula, and of 2,13; in the upper peninsula. The number of farms cultivated by owners has decreased 2,558 in the southern four tiers of counties, while the number rented for money has increased 2,001.1, and the number rented for shares of products has increased 1,527. In the central counties there is an in- crease of 7,111, and in the northern counties of 4,355, in the number of farms cultivated by owners. The southern counties, or oldest settled portions of the state, and where about eighty -five per cent of the farm crops" are raised, is the only section in which there is a (le- crease in the number of farms cul- tivated by owners. Here, with an increase of 3,678 in the total num- ber of farms, there is a decrease of 2,858 in the number cultivated by Owners. It should be further noted that while every county in the central section, and all counties in the nor- thern section, except four,—CraW- ford, Emmett, Manitou, and Os- coda,—shoW an increase in the number of farms cultivated by owners, twenty-three of the twen- ty-eight counties in the southern section show a decrease; in one, I [to this section of the country, and‘ nor loss, and only Kent, Monroe, and a gain. counties fruit and ,lll&l‘l{€t garden crops are extensively cultivated. undone, Kent, extends into the territory of the central counties. ll Asiii.\'cTO:\' G.iRn,\'ER. b'eci'etar_v of state. four, Berrien, Ottawa, show I , l I i ,1 Dairy Produ_r-ts of .\Il(-liigan in Year End- : nigJune 1. 1894. i Dairy products. your l'lllllrIll.,’V I Juno 1. l'~‘ll. . Vzl - f . W3") and Total I zilllliriilli I I ounties. milk p,.,,_ I w Butter (lll(?('(l on l cream §m",'l'_‘ "1’ , farm. ,‘sold from {“”"' j ! farm. 1 ‘ ltiullons. Dollar» Pound.-. 3 I and , are............“ '_ ; Alcona . . . . . . . . .. .—\lgcr............ I . Allccgaii . . . . . . . .. , , .2 .. ‘ .\lpcna.......... . J . ‘ ‘ .\utrim . . . . . . . . .. . ' -. .: = Arciiac . , . . . . . . .. Baraga...... Barry. Bay '_ ,l.'i‘ ‘ .':lil>,2ih'l ‘ Bcrricn . . . . . . . . .. Branch . . . l‘a.-s..... ('harlcvoix . . . . .. -l.‘.Z.\U.IIll «l.o\~.29T 71.31 Iii ‘.3 l'l1cybo_vgzin .. .. Vliippcwa. . ('larc. . .. ('liiiton. , Frawforxlu. . . . . . Delta . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘ Dickinson. ‘ Eaton (ienescc . . . . . . . . (iladwin . . . . . . . . (iogehic . . . . . . . . Grand Traverse. (iratiot . . . . . . . . . . Hillsdale . . . . . . . . Houghtoii. .. urnii. .‘ Iron . . . . . . . . , . .. luabclla . aCl{.9 l.Z!1T.‘~2l :51 2.oo:»’ 11.1645 Lapnnr Ll‘I‘l2lll£lll Lcnawr-n . Livimzsto Luce . . . . . Illackinac ... Macomh . . . . . . . . l\Iaiiistce.. .. .. .. Mauitou . . . . . . .. Marquette .. Ma.-on. Mecosra . . . . . . . .. Menominee .. . . Midland . . . . . . . .. lllissaul-rec . . . . .. lllonroe.... .. Montcalm. . . . .. Montmorcnci Muskemin. . .\'l-wa ygo.. -7'33-‘ "1 In three Of these foui“ I >'ccro»t.-ir_v- .I. H. Ila I). l'l ‘I . .\ll‘~. livllc B1 A. . Jmlizc ‘ D. l). MARCH 21, I 895 OFFICIAL DIRECTORY Oflicers National Grange. . Ma.-'ter—-J. Bl'l}.‘.’lla.ln.... .. .. .. ....D:-lta. Ohio .0verseer—l':.. W. avis. . . .. .. Santa Rosa. ('al. , [_.+~cturcr—.Uplia .‘It'.‘.'>€.. . .. . . Roclu-slur. Vt .btevvzrrd—M. B. H .. Jlainu 2 .lss t .\,reward—.-X. ‘glam; 1 ( haplaIn— . V ._.»_.»,,-_c»i,,,_,'l 'l’r«-asurs-r-—Mrs. 1-. . . . . . New York 3 S_ccrct:_1ry—Joliii_ Tgu sliiugton. D, (‘_ s ifatt‘ I\Pt‘I»L‘I‘—“_— IL. Harhaugh . . . . . . . ..\li.~'..‘ r Ma-w d-31 r~. .\n1anda Horton. Mich. ' Executive Conunittee. lilrnnar-I Rhon->... .('o-ntc-r Hall. Ph‘llll.~\‘l\"ria l'lom—--.\lr.-. . - _ . .. ........l'nion (‘Hy P:-n1on:i Mr-. Julia .\lcl 'luru ... ..H‘ln-[by L. .'l. .\t<-w:ml—_\lr-. J. H. .\larri1i.lir:ix1ll Rum). E.\'r*clitivr~ (‘oiuniitti-9. m~'xlnll.( ill? .. . . ,.::.::.':x.; in. Box 432 'hairman . . . . . . . . .Tra\»-r-c (‘ily . lp.~‘llz|nti ,( 'oldwah-r . . . .1 'nlIl\\’:i!n-r lizlttlv (‘n-cl-i . . . . . . . . ...\'liclby ..\lapl.- R:ipilun-rs. .. .. .liatrlo- Frock . .... .. Paw Paw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,('oldwan-r . . . ............B:1ttlc("ruck Hon. 'l'lmiii:i.-' Mar .. . lie-rri:-n (‘cuter Jason \\'ootln1:in . . . . . . .. . F. l’alnn-r . . . . . . . . . .. averse Pity ..L'uion (‘Hy "F. . . . . . . . ..\l\\'mNl. .\nlrim I .... ...\llo-uali. .\llci:un .. ..lnl:uul. liu-nzio. .... .. .l)o\vlim;. Harry .. l’uiuu l'it_\'. lirancli ....llurlianan. lit-rric-n . . . . . ..>'l. Jolin.<.('li1ilon' ... .liatIlc 1 ‘rock. (':ill|oun .l‘luu‘lc\'--ix. ( lizirlvvoix .. .. .... .l)o\v:u:i.'iC, (‘ass .l£at_ou hapids. liatoii .. .\ortll h't:1r.lli'atiot Fllisliiiitz, lir'lll,‘.~l*l‘ ‘ sdulu lx. Huron .. .,( llzmdlr-r. louizl .. .. .l“it('liluIr:.,'. lllilllillll .lIan<»vr-r. .J:i<'l.-soii g liuckforvl. Kcnl Vl\£lll(1l*‘l\'£l. K.'lll\'Zl~'l(ll " .... .\«-rlhllr:11u'li.l.:i]u-vi‘ l;r«-tl, I):-an .. . .. liriglmm. Livim.;.-1.,“ I1. \\ . .\lli .. ....\diiun. L1-nawcn -I2lcohR . .. . . . .. ....Ri;:a. Monroe. (icon.'v- H. Lc-ll-r . . . . . . ..l ‘ry- I). R. \ an .}lIll)l‘l‘Lf. . . . llcar Lakv. .\l:iiii.lb,v. Occziuzi . V1-rnon. Slii.'i\va.<.~w- .. .. . ..\voca. Sr. (‘lair ..l'vim-r\'ill:-. St. Josvpli Oakland . . . . . . .. 1-15”-‘J31 Oceana. 0l.;£‘lllfl\V .. .. . . Ontouagon . . . . .. Osceola . . . . . . . . . Oscoda . . . . . . . . . . Otscgo . . . . . . . . .. _ Ottawa . . . . . . . . .. ]~l"1—f_9" Prcsquc Isle . ' 9» 1‘’1-'—’l Roscommon :'_ '. ‘, - ,1“-ljil’. Sagiiiziiv . . . . . . .. 1-3 " -)3-‘l l.li3i7.lilt5 ' ll 1_o.~ lit 1.4 l:3:;._’.it‘> 7T~,soiti ;';:i].Zill.\ 1 121.1559 , 1l.o.7T ] ;i:o2.o4;:s 42.59.’; , :a:i.:*.~o l Sanilac . . . . . . . . .. Schoolcraft Sliirixvasscc St. (‘lair . . . . . . . . 1 St. Joseph . . . . ..l '31 “'exford . . . . . . ..l Loeber Charged with Killing Moritz. MILWAUKEE, March 19.-—“Tlicre is no longer a. shadow of doubt; that '~Villiam Loebcr murdered Ferdinand Moritz for his money. VVe have woven 1). net (:1 cir- cumstantial evidence around Locbcr that he cannot explain away.” So said Chief of Police Janssen after he had finished questioning Loeber with the view of so-, curing his confession. Very strong evi- dence has becn developed against Loeber. Later in the day Loeber iiiade a confes- sion, saying that he killed Moritz, bul:~ than it was accidental. Did it with a. I-Quaker" Pistol. SEATTLE, Wash., March 19.—By the aidl of a. wooden revolver eleven prisoners got = out of jail here. As the jailer was mak- ing his rounds he was suddenly coiifront- g ed with this weapon thrust through thei bars of a cell in which Tom Blanch, a , double murderer, was confined. He was; forced to open the cell and give up 3 the keys, and was tied to the bars. Blanch ‘ then opened all the cells; out of twenty- one prisoners eleven walked out. Three of the prisoners who escaped were con- victed murderers. Caught Bed-Handed. ST. LOUIS, March 19.—The police made an important capture in the persons of William B. Thomas and Wilson H. Mor- risen’, who said they came here a few days ago from New Orleans. The arrest was made at 506 Pine street. where the men had hired a room and where they were caught red-handed making counter- feit money. A search of the room re- vealed a complete counterfeiting outfit for making of dimes, quarters and half dollars. ' Deliberate Suicide. ‘ CHICAGO, March 19.--Frank M. McFar- lln, a member of the board of trade, was found dead in Washington park by two of the park policemen. The circum- Itances surrounding the death are conclu- sive that MoFai-lin. after brooding some days over business embarrassments, which, in a letter he left, he terms “dia- hea.rteuln'g," had deliberately committed Shiawassee, there is neither gain . ....l$ircli Run. >'.'u:ina\\' 1‘;lr.~'niivillc, .\‘:uiilac .a\\'r:-xirn. Van Huron .. ... l’l_\'1nourh. \\':L\'1w .. 'psil:mti. \\'.'i.-lltciiaw .. .. ..l‘.'iIllllzu'. “V1-xforxl .4 w Revised List of Grange Supplies K1-pt in tlic ofllcu of S:-(",\' of tho l\IlL7lil(lr.~lN STA TE ll li;\.VGE And <1-nt our post-paid on I‘l‘I"l‘l]Jl of ca-ll ordcr, ovcrytlm Seal of a >'ubordinal:- Hi';1m.:l-, and the suznaturv of its Maslr-r or Scciw-t:ii'y. l’orce-lain ballot uiurblc-'. per hunrlr»-cl. 75 Si-crn,-tar_\".~' lcdga-r. . .. .. . . . 3:’) S4-Cr:-t;ir,\".-' rs-corrl Ti":-:1-ur¢~r'.~ nrd:-r< Sncrr,-t2ir_v’.< rccci; ,- Trcasun-r'~ 1)llLl4l.[I(‘I‘llllllIl!'l‘ll.... for dun-s. pm‘ llllllli|"l,'ll . rc-ccipt.-' for dun-.~. pi-r lIllLllll‘t‘4l.. .l1»plicat,ion.~' for.nu-mln-r-hip. pl-r lumdrcd Wirlidrawal carils. per dozen . .. .. ... 1.).-mit.~‘. in cnvelopt-.-. pt-r IIUZPII .. }i,\‘-l:iw.- of the State lir:iiip.,rs-. rlllfi. lllczpu-rdozcii.......... “(1'l:irl Echo:-. . ' with music ~lm.rlc cupir ‘. '.’.'>c : ]J(‘I' dozcn . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ..... liramrc .\lclodic.<. siiiizlc Cop). (lpouiniz Song l‘:ird. 2c cachza ltitual-',Ttl: z-ditiontwithc '_‘3<.‘ ouch : [|('l‘ dozu-11.... . Ritual.-'. :')tli «le>;.:rm- cl of ninln. Ritual.-‘. Juvnuilr-. .< ll.Ill‘ cop_v..... .. .\'oricc to rlelinquu-nt niombt-rs. pr-r 101).. .. .\in:-rican Miinual of I’.'irliuiii(-mary Law.. liigost of Laws and Rulings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Roll book.‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\,':iii1pl.-pzivlczuzc co-opr>rativu lircraturo... . Kcllc)":-' Hi.-'tor_v of the l1'rani.:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Writc for prim-s on gold pins. liaclgc.-'. work- ing tools. sta ' niouiitiiiig.-. .-‘val.-'. ballot boxes and any other lirangc .-‘uppli .\