VOL. XXI. .\'(). 1‘.1.

“ T/I/1' 1-'.v1[.’.l//1'/2

W 'I:' '1'!/.l-\

L‘ I I .\ I’. I.( )'l"l' I-I.

Llb1'"'7 A8l"|'l College ,4

' "'71/2' F.-t1.’.ll. .-1.1‘/2 .-//1»/'/./1 /.-/-.

.\ll1'I1l(‘1.-XX, ()1,."l't)l’1l-I111 l.

]\‘,H_'._

Northern Michigan Asylum.

MY 1111. ,l.\.~. I). .\I1'.\'.\1').\'. \ll-Zl)I('.\I. >l'l"l'.

I-L111'1'111:(i1:\.\'1;1-1\'1s1'1-111:: 111 :111~w1-1-111
tl1e 11111-1-,1,‘ "llow 1-:111 1-.\'p1-11s1;~ 111 our at:tt1-
1n.~tit111ion-h1- 1-1-11111-1-1|. without 1111111-i111_r
tl11-i1-1:tli1-11-111-pvt" 1 will <_v-11-1-:1 111-i1~t' out
line 1111111: 111:111:11_r1-.1111,-nt. 1-1»-11111-1-11.-. and ex—
p1-111111111-es of the .\'11rtl11.-.1'n .\li1-l111_1-:111
.\.-_\-111111. and :1t1.-w wo1-1|.» 1-11111--.-1-111113 the
1-11111111111111-11t:1t' patient.-- and the 1-:11-1: 111--
st11w1-11 upon 1111.-111 while 11n1l11r t1-11111111.-111.

1-11\1.\11'1“1‘1x1; 1-_\'1‘11:.\'1‘.<.

.\ll patients. w11eth1-1-pri\‘at1-111-1111l1g1-nt.
:11-c 1-o111111ittc1lt111111-:1<,\'lu111 hy 1111- pro-
l1at1,-1-11111-t11t'1l111 t‘()llll1_\' 111' the p:1ti1-111's
1-1-si1lc111-e. The pt-11l1:1te _i111l,1_»-1: has 111 111--
11-rniine 1'1-11111 the evi1l1__-111-e :11l1lu1-1-11 111 11:11-11

case. lst. t11:1t tl111:1lle<_§e1l i11.\-alie pet-son is -
5 day :1111l ni_1_rht, it will |1e s-e1:r1tl1:1t:11-:1t1-

insancz 211. that 1111- i11sa11it,\' of 1111- in1li-.-i1l-
ual is of s-111-11 :1 1tl1a1-:11-te1- that 111- (111- she)
is in 11ce1l of :1.»-_\'l11111 1-are and t1-1-1111111-111:
and Ild. wl1etl11-r the patient. his 1,-.-t:1te. 111-
his 1'1-ie111ls. are :1hlcto.~-11pp111-1111111 1111-111-1‘)
in the i11st1tuti11n while u111ler 1111- vi.-itati11n
11t'1ns:111i1v. The laws _1_1-111-1.-.1-11i11_1__r the 1111-

niission of patients may he found 111 Art '

1:15. Ili1\\'.§' of 1.\‘.\'.’1. and a1111-11111111.-111s tl1er1-.-
111. I1 is 111-_von1l1l1111httl1:1t 1111l}_r1-s111'p1-11-

1-:11-11t:1l 1-1111111111111 111' p:1t1cnt.- l1et'o1-1- 1-11111-
11111111115 tl11-111 to the :1.-_vl1t111. I11 :111 ex-
p1-1-i1-111-e1111-hiding >1-v1-1-:11 1111111.-:1n1l 1-:1s1-s
I have 11nl_\' known :1 1'1-.wi11.~'t:1111-1-,.-111 wl1i1-.11
the 1111li\'i1l11als1-111111111111-11w1-1-1- not in-21111-.
and in these 1-:1s1-s i11sa111t_1- was 111-11_v-111-11 111
211-11111 p1111is-111111-111 for 1-1-i111c.
known :1 p1-1-s-1111 to l1e 1-111111111111,-11 as the 1-1-—
;.-nlt ofu1-111151111-:11-_\'111111-prive 111111 111' his
ri-._rl1ts as :1 1-1'11"/.en or of the 11se111"l1i.~'111-11p-
1-1-'t'_\'. “ "
xi-:1-1111-:11 1-11.-1.\‘1;1-1s 1N 1.1'.\‘_\1-1‘ 1.1w.~.

I11 11111: 1--.--p1-1-t the i111l}_r1-s of p1-11l1:1t1- are
11:11npere1l hv 1111- 1-xis1i11_1_1- lllll:l1'_\_' l."t\\'.\.
Tl1eyareohl1_«_-1-11 to find that the pat11-111 is
1.-itl1e1-:1l1l1- 111 \\ l1o1l_\' s-.1pp111-1 l1i111s1-lt'wl1ilc
in the a.-_vlu111. ()1'lll:11l11-is wl111ll_\' 1111111,-1-111.
i11 which ease they have 1111 :1lte1-nati\‘1- 11111
to c11111111i1 111111 as a 1-ount_v 1-11:11-_1_re. .\l:1ny
_i111l_g;-es 111' pi-11l111te :-11111 .-111111-11t'1111r :1.-_vl11111
t1-iistees are of the 11p111i11n tl1:11 the lun:11-_v
laws s-111111111 111-so a1111-11111-11 tl1at the pro-
hate j111l}_-e1-1111 1-11111mit patit-nts 1111 :111 111--
1le1- of partial support. i. e., 1-11:11-1_-'13 tl1e pa-
tient or his friends such :1 part of the 1,‘11s‘t
of l1is-s11pp111-t as he or his t'1-ien1l.- can pay
witl11111t financial 1list1-ess. If the l:1w per-
111itte1l such an 11r1le1- of 1-11111111111111-.111. the
patient co11l1l he 1.-11:11-ge1l t'1-om 111 to .311
cents 111- :11lolla1- -.1 week. 111- 111111-1-. as the
ease might l1e. which would u11doul11c1ll_v
quite materially re1l111-1- 1l1e cost of 111:1i11-
tcn:1111-e of the insane in the :11_-fig-1-e_1_r:11e. .\1
a recent n1eetin;: 111' the Joint Boat-11 of
T1-11.-tees of the Miehi_2-an .-\syl11111s for 1.111-
Insane :1 c11111111ittee was appoi11te1l 111 p1-e-
sent 111 the coining le,1_1-is-1211111-e a l1ill p1-o-
vi11in}_z for su1-11 :1n aniendment 111 the laws
govet-ni11__1: the adniission of patients.

ASY LU_\I )1.-L\'A11‘rI-Z.\I I-ZN T.

The n1z1nage111ent of the as_\_'lun1 is vested
ina board of trustees co111pose11 of six
members. The trustees are appointe1l hy
the governor hy an1l with the consent of
the senate. The trustees serve w1t.l11111t
pay, but are allowed actual traveling ex-
penses. Monthly meetings of the hoard
are held, at which all matters pertaining
to the institution are discussed, hills ex-
amined an1I atldited, necessary i1np1-ove-
ments and repairs directed, an1l the con-
dition of the hospital passed in review.
All instances of alleged abuse of patients
are investigated; in fact, everything that
pertains 111 the welfare 11f patients, or the
economy of the hospital. is considei-e11.
Twice yearly the trustees of the several
asylums meet i11 joint session, at which the
expenditures of the sevei-al atsylmns are
compared an1l such s11__qgest111ns f11rmulate11
for the a1-tio11 of the separate boards as
seem hest f111- the interests of the state an11
of the institutions. The trustees a1-e se-
lecte1l from o111- hes-t husiness men, and
there may he found among them merchants,
fa}-met-9, lawyers. manufacturers. a111l phy-
sicians. It will thus l1e seen that the inan-
agement of the asylum is 1lireete1l hy ahle
men. whose only wishes are to carry out
the humanitarian ohjects of the hospitals
at the lowest possible cost to the taxpayers.

. _ A.-1' _.w-’.,.--as-a-1~..-rum-1 —,

'. 1-lli-.-11-111-_\'of:111:1-,\-11111: for 1111- in.-ane

~ p11-111;‘ 111' 11. heat. light :1n‘1l

hate 1.-xei-1-1.~e 1:1-1-:11 1-are 111 111-tct-111111111-_r the 

1 l1:1v1-11c\'e1- 1

It .-111111111 he1-1-1111-111111-1-1-11tl1:1t the 111;;-111-st,
1-;1n-
not 111:1--t1111:1t1-.11 111 1l11lla1-.-‘ :1n1l 1-1-nt-. T111-
1.- 111 1-u1-1- the p:1ti1-11t- 1-111111111111-11 111 1111-111.
'l'his 111-1-1-s-1t:1t1-- 1111-1111-:11 11-1-at1111-111. kind
and 11111-lli-_r1-111 nut:-i11u‘. good 1111111 .-11111
w:1.~l1111-_-. :111d
and 1'l1111t1ll:_". If

1-11111t'111't:1l1l1-. 111-1121111:

1tl11:s1-:1r1-pi-11-11111-11 111 111-1 pt-11p111'tio11 to

1l11_-n1-1-1l- 11t'1l11- patients and 1-.-p1-1-1:1ll_\' 111
1-1.-1'1-1-1-.111-1,-to the1-111-1-11f1l1~1-as1-1l1-11n1liti1111>.
1111- 1'U.\l ofs-upp111-1 will 111- -._r1-1-:111-r than if
1111-1-1-1-us1111li:1l 1-:11-1: is p1-111-1111-1!. It is the
\'1'l.~ll of all 1-111'/.1-11> that the ins-a11e sl11111l1l
1-1-1-1-ix-1-1111: 11111.-1111111121111:1.1-1-1111111-111.1111-11111-
in<_r 1111-1111-al 1::11-1- and 111112-i11§_>‘. :1n1l if it is
1-1-1111-111111-1-1-11 1l1:1t n1:1n_\' p:1ti1-11t.-. the 111:1ni—
aeal. the s11i1-idal. 211111 11111.-1-..-11tl'1_-1-111,-1_r 1'1-11111

11:1.--111-t v:-.1111,-111' -11ppli1-\_ 1,111 1111- 111111111111-

' 11 I11 1]'.l:‘.lll_\' 111' 1'11111l }1]'11\'i1l1-11 1llll\[ 1-1-“min
' 1-.11‘1.~t:111t 111- 111- kept :11 :1 11x1-11 .-t:11111:11-11. 11'
hi:-l11~-t put-p11.-1-111-:11111ofall11u1- h11~p1t:1l.~ _

; (.71111'\'llllI1H_\'\‘53l1'(‘ not 111 .-11Il'1-1'.

1-'1el11-:1ltl1 111111 -.\1-lt':11-1- 111' 1111- p:1ti1-11t.-~ :11111
111 111_\‘
j-1111-1111-111 no_::‘1‘1-:1t1-1'ahu\1-1-1111111 h1-1111111-‘1-
1-1l11po11p:1ti1-nt.- than to 111111-__*‘1‘ 1111-111 111
1111- 11111111 ha-ll.\' p1-1-p:1r1-11 or in-112111-11-111
1'01)-l.

An-l -11-we 111i1_-‘lit .~p1-1-1t'_\‘tl11,- wh11l1- list

1111‘ 1-X111-111111111-1--. and it 111111111 111- 111111111

- 11.-?t1'in11-111.

tmit :1 1_v-1-111-1-:11 law u-ov1-1-11-1-:11-l1. 111111-h 1-an
[1'3ltll1‘l' he 1-1-s-t1-i1-t1-11 or 1-x1-1-1-111-11 11111111111
11 1.-1111-1-11n~t:111t 211111 111' 1111-
't1'll>1L‘(‘.~1:Ill1l otli1-1-1-.- oftl11-:1-_vl11111 t111n:1in-
t:1.in it :11 its 111-.-1 w111-ki11<_rp11i11t ;1t1l11- l11\\'-

1-st p11.~-ihl1,- 1-1131,

ho11ily 111:-1::-..~,1-s. 1-1-111111-c constant nur.-i11_1_r , ' _
1 1,111 wear and tear. wl11le not }_r1-1-:1t1-1- tl1:111

111411-1-11ts [11-I'1l:1‘\' is totally in:11l1-11u:1t1-.
to 111ect the 1-.xp1-11s1- so 1111-111-1-1-.11. llut

' there are n1an_v :1hl1--11111111-1l men in the in-

s-11111111111 wl111 are ahle to w111-k an1l wl111 re-
quire l1ut little p1-1-.-11n:1l sup1-.1-v1si1111. wl111
a1‘1-:1hl1-111111 part 1-:11-n their li\in<_r and
thus 1-1-11111-e 1111- 1-11>-1111' m:1111tc11a111-1-111' the
whole 1111111111-1'.

1‘1)>'I' 111-‘ \l,\l\'I'l-'..\'.\.\'t ‘I-I.

'1'h1- 1-11.~1 111' 111:1int1-n:1n1-1- in 11111- :1s_\'1u111.-
has 1_-1-:11l11:1lly 1le1:1-e:1.~e1l .~in1-e INV1. as fol-
lows: 111 lN\‘.'1 1111-11:111.-.'1-11.~t was .’13’11-2 111
l‘»\l'1, 5131-: 1551. .'.1;‘1-' i\\\, 5111-: 1-\“.l. 3111-:
l“.“l, 4311-; l‘v‘.ll. -1‘-’1;: l1\".l‘_’. -151‘: 151131. *1-‘('2
l.\‘£1l. «'71-: l:\‘€t.'1. 1131-. and l.\‘.H‘1. 111- per pa-
tient p1-1-11:11’. 'It 111.-1_\' he also said that
the 1111-1-1-as-1-. 111' the i11.-ane 111 1111-. state 11111--
1111: the last ten _vc:-.1-s has not 1-X1-ce1l1.-11 two
persons to eaeli ten tl111usand11f popul:-tion.
wliile the increase in the :1ssessc1l v:1l11:1tion
of 111-11pert_v of the state has heen s11111e-
thing like TH p1.-1-1-1-nt. .-\ 1lc1-1-case of one
1-1-n1 :1 11:13.’ 111 the support, of each p:1ti1-111
niay 11111 s1-1-.111 like :1 ;_v-1-eat s:1\'i11-.3 111 the
1,'t)lIllll1)l]\\'C2L1tl). 11111 11 :1n111unts 111 $?‘.,1‘1,'1H
p1-1' ,\'1-:11‘ for 1-:11;h 11*‘ '11 pati1-nts. The 1111'-
t"1-r1-n1-e in 1111- 1-11.-'1 111' support, of 1114111 pa-
tients :11 the pt-cs-1-111 1-:1te of 111aint1.-n:1111-1-.

{ in s11111l:11-
;‘.~1,1.le1-11l1le 1-.\'p1-11s1- 111 keep it 111

_ 11-1111-:1: 1-1-1-:.\1.~111-‘ 11x1-1--..\.-1-1.
'1"11i.-:1.-}.'l11111 is \‘alu1-11:11111-:11'l_\'§TT.'1.W'H.
111-1-1:ssi1:tt1-s 1-1111-

1-1-pair.
l-‘urnitu1-1- and f111-111.-l1i111_1-s wear out. stca111

111.-111111111111»-.

an.-l waste pipes I’ll>t 1111-1111;-11. 111:11-l1i11c1-_v

1‘-.a1-1-11: and l1'l(,‘.\1‘ :1111l 1n:1n_v 111111-1-

ht‘eaks and weai-s out 111- 111,-1-111111-s ol1sole11,-
and \\:1st1-ful. all of w11i1-l1 have to he re-
111:1tt1-rs

require the supervi.~i1111 of the 1111111-11. If

1 the \'-.1ri1111s 1lepa1-11111-111s 111' the 111s-11111111111
_‘ are kept 111 11L-1'fe1-1 w111-11-1111__r 111-111-r. the 1-1--
" .-1111111: e1-11n11111_v will 111-s-11111111-l1 the ;:1-e:1t-

’ 1:1‘.
 is 1-111-1.

()neot'th1- 1111-_1_-est itenis of 1-xpe11s1-
If the hoilers :1n1l 1,-11_1_ri111-,-:11-e 11111

15.1111 woi-11. or w:1st1-1'ul 1'1-11111 any 1-au-1-.
tben :1 failure 111 repair 111- 1'epla1-1- tl11-111 is

; '1'3h,e111o1le1-11 l111iler and .-t1-:1111 1-11;;-inc has ’

2.1131-:1I1s1:111':111 :1l1.<11lut1- waste of 11111111-_\-.
‘i111-11 1-1-pairs 111- 1-epl:11-1,-1111-nts are 1-\p1-11.<-
ave. hut they more tl1a11 1-ep:1_v 1111- 11ut.l:1_\-.

_ 1 --1111-11.-111-rv of 1'1-11111 T to '_'71 per 1-1.-nt
_'u_-'1‘1-..'.e1 111.111 1l11.se of 111 111-’ 1;’;-e:11-s-111' :.;_>-1;.
It needs no :11-1_-:u1111.-nt 111 show tl1:1t 111 1-11n-

. tinue :111 11l1s11l1:t1.- l1e:1t1111_r :1111l p11w1-1' pla11t

in the institution w1111l1l he to 11111-11 1'1-11111
T to 271 pet---eut of the 1-11.-'1 111' the
t'u1.-1 1-1111»-111111-11. No l111si11ess man. 11111 1-1'1-n

, the .-1:111,-, 1-an :1fl'or1l .\u1-11 \\':1st1-it'it.s-1-xis-ts.

as-1-11111pa1-e11 with t11at of 1*-~71, is $:‘.2..\.”.11 _ _ _
3 a1-re.-. ot wl111-11 +111 wet-c put-1:l1:~1s1-11 h_\' the
 state. 411 were 1l11n:1te1l hy ll:1n1_1al1. La_\‘ &
;(,‘o.. a111l 1'11? :11-res w1-1-1-1 >1‘1"lll't'(l hy the

per _\'e:1r foi-1-:11-h 1111 H1 patients’1111111-1-11-1-:11-
1111-nt. Tlius it will he s1-1-.11 that the rate
111' n1:1i11t1-11:1n1~1- l1:1sh1-1-11 1-1-11111-1-11 1'1-11111 vear
111.1-11:11-. as-11111el1 :1s 11.-is 111-en 1-11n1p:1til1le
with the 111-st 1-are :1n1l 11-e:1t111e11t of pa-
111-,11ts.

The 1111-111111: of the :1s_1-111111 is 111,-1-11-1,-11
1'1-11111 the daily per 1-apita 1-11st 1-11:11-_1__r1-11 for
the support of paticiits. :1n1l f1-11111 p1-111lu1_-1.-

r:1ise1l 1111 1111,-t':11-111, after the cost of its 1

p1-1111111-111111 has heen 1lc1lu1-11-11. The ex-
pen1litu1-es for 1111-. last year were as follows-:
salat-ics a111l \\':1}:es 711.721-: t'o111l. ‘J-3.1111-:
111-:1ti111_r ;’1i.11—lc-. 1211111111-_v expenses 12.2711-:
1n1-dical supplies -_’..'1‘.!1-: houseliold supplies
‘M1251-. '1-.11-., e11-.. per patient per week.
Clotliing is 1-.\'t1-:1. and if furnis-hc1l 111 pa-
tients hy the~111st11uti11n is 1-11:11-,1_re1l hack to
the c1111111y111-state. as the ease 111:1y he. The
total net 1lisl1u1-sc111e11ts for the support of
patients for the fiscal year ending June 311.
1.\‘!11$, were >'.~'11‘1*.1,l1‘1;'1..'1-1. or 413,4:-ie per pa-
tient pe1- day. The total recei 11s for the
same period, less 1_-l11tl1in;:, were .‘1.s.},:.5.\‘,11.5j,

The p1-1111-1p:1l items of cost 111 the stip-
p111-t of the insane are wa_<_rcs, food and fuel.

There are :1l1out 17.-'1 pe1-s11ns employed
hy the asylum, all of whom are attendants
upon the insane. or nurses.

THE \\'()RI\' OI’ ATTI-INl)A,VTS.

The attendants have very ar1l111111s ' as
well as responsible positions, f11r which
men receive f1-11111518 to $30 and women
from $12 to $25 pe1- month. The ratio of
attendants 111 patients is about 1 to 9%. or
somewhat less than in the state of New
York, where one attendant t11 every 8 pa-
tients is re11ui1-ed l1y law.

It should l1e stated that attandants work
from 5:231) a. 111. until 8:00 p. m., with the
exception of chief attendants, who three
nights in :1 week work from 5:311:11 in. un-
til 7:00 p. 111. I-3:11-11 attendant is all11we1I
11ne day a month and two weeks :1 year
leave of ahsenee with pay. If attendants
were 1-.n1ployed on a hasis of 11) or 12 hours
for :11,lay's set-V11-e. the 1-unnin_<_r expenses
of the institution would l1e 1-onsidei-al1l\' in-
creased. "

Food supplies are issued l1y wei__ql1t and
upon a physiological basis.
food varies from year to year with the

'I'I1I-I .-\.\‘\' I.l'.\I I-'.\l{.\I.

T111-, t':1t‘111 of 1111- :1.-‘.\'11Il11 1-1111sis'1~ 111' .'1.\.\

h11ar1l of 11-11.-11-1-.-. The t':11'1n is a \'1-1-_\- 1111-

' p111-t:111tt':11-to1- 111 the e1-,11n11u1v of the 111-

;-titution. The land when p111-1-l1:1sc11-was
111 the main lieavily woo1l1-.11. 11111 with 1111-
e.\1-1.-pti11n of sniall 11-:11-ts left t'o1- pat-ksa111l
wi1111—h1-eaks it has hcc11 1-leat-1-11 hy the
lah111- of patients. I-‘:11-111 and _1_1‘a1-111-.n w111-k
is well su1te1l for 1111-en1plo_v111ent 111' al1le—
|1111lie1l patients. :1111l their l:1h111- 111 turn is

p1-11tit:1l1le to the state :1111l heneti1:i:1l to‘

them. -\t. this 11151111111111) 1111-1-11 a1-1- f1-11111
11111 to 17111 111en ahle 111 work a portion 111'
1.-:11_~h day in the ,1_ra1-den 111- 1111 the fat-n1. :1n1l
s111111 11ne of the niost 111'1-ssing needs 111' the
:1syl11111 will he 111111-1-. land 11p11n wl1i1-I1 111
use this l:1l1111-. The institution s-111111111 he
ahle 111 raise its own p1-11ve111le1- for stock.
t'1'11its of all kinds and \-ege1al1les. milk.
pork, 1-1111-kens. etc. If 131111 :11-res are 11e-
ducted ft-11111 the fat-in for parks and road-
ways, sites of huil1lin_t_rs :1n1l pleasure
‘<_1-1-oun1ls, it will he seen that we have 11111
:%\‘.*~' acres for zl}£1‘l(:llltlll‘&l purposes, :1 small
fat-111 indeed upon which to pro1it:1l1ly em-
ploy 11,11) or more men. In 1)111- judgnient
the state could make n11 hetter investment
in order 111 re1luce the runnin,1_r expenses of
our asylum than 111 purchase for their use
all the lan1l they co11l1l work to profit with
the lal1or of patients. The farm in con-
nection with this institution is fat- from
complete in development, vet last year its
pro1l11ct was worth about _>:-’1,111,11), and gave
:1 net l1alance over the cost of production
11f several thousand dollars.

In conclusion 1 would say that no money
is spent, no improvement 1li1-ecte11, without
it is for the henelit 11f patients 111- 111 reduce
the cost of 1na111t:1inin_1_{ the in.stit11tion t11

the taxpayet-s.
Traverse City. S1.-111, 11;, 1.95111.

Taxation.

Prof. W. 0. Hedi-ick. .\1,'1-icult11r:1lt'11ll1-go. at Farnii-rs-'
I11.~1in1t1-,.<. 1~s1-1-7.

Taxati11n. like its t're1p1ent pro1luet. the
poor. we have always with us. Its devel-

- opment su_2-gests the history of piracy or

The cost of »

rohher 1; _c_rove1-nments, like the 11111-‘_qla1-,
ever devising new means to plunder; sub-

; :1s

"l'l1e 11-:11li11g' writer 1111 ta.\ati11n 111

' 1‘l(I'1'l1‘l.\'.\I.\‘

. $4:;11,111111,111111.
E $4117.111111,111,111.

11-1-1-. like the plu111l1-1-1-11. 1-\e1- 1l1-\-1.-i11_-_-
new \\:1_\'.~ to 1->1-:1p1-. 111 .\li1-l1i<_r:1n 11 i.-
l1-<_-1sl:1t1-1l 1111on:1t1-\'1-1-_\ \(-.\~l1Ill 111' the leg-
i-l:1tu1'1-. ,1-*1-1 1111-1'1-.-1-1-111.~t11he n1111-1- 111111-
plaint :l1_":llll.\l 11111‘ t:1.\‘i11g- ~‘\'st1-111 at the
pi-1~~1-nt time than 1-\'1-1- h1-t'111-1-. \\'1thil1
1111- pa-t 1111-l\1-1111111111.»t':11'n11-1-s'1-l11h- :1n1l
1-it_\‘ 111:1,\'1-1'.~l1:1\'1- 1111111-11 111 :1~kin-_-‘ 1-1-111.-1’
t'1'o111t:1\:1ti1111. h11:11-11-111' -11p1-1-1-i-111-s ha\-1-
l1:11l 111111-11:11 1111111-ultx 111 111:1kin1_- tl11-it‘
1‘1[lI:1li'/.:tli11l1s. and :1 t:1\ s1:1ti.~ti1-i:111 lias
111-1-11:-.pp111nt1-11 to i11\'1--ti;-:1te1111-op1-1-:1t1o11
11t'11111- .~_\'.~t1-111. .\'111- :11-1- tl11-s1- 1lilli1-111111-s
11-:111.~i1-111 :1111l I11:-:11. \\'itl1in the past ten
,\'1-:11-.~’:1l11111.-11-1'1-1-_\' 11111-1111-1-11 slate 1-.-1st of
1111- .\1i.~x~is~1pp1 ll:l.~ had :1 tax 1-111111111-sion
:1pp11i1111-11111 1-.\:11111n1- the 111-I11-11-111-11-s 111'
tl1ei1- 1111.-:1tist':11-1111-_v .-1'.-11-111 :11-111 to -11-_ru‘1.-st
1-1-1111-1111-s 1111-1-1-foi-1-.

.\lu1-l1 of 1111s-1-11111pl:1111t no 111111111 is 11111:

1 to 1111- 1lilli1-nlt_\‘ 111 l>:1.\'i11J1:1x1-s witl1i11 1-1--
[1-1:11t_v1-:11-s.l111t 1111-1-1-:1.-1-11 l111si111-~:- on the

p:11-1 of 1111-11111-1-1-111111-11t 1-ver 1-1-111111-es in-
1-r1-as1-1l tax:1tio11. and that this 11111-111-11 inay
11111 |11-.1-o1111-1111111-:11-211111-. 1-l1:1n;r1-. 1-1-:11l_iust—
111e111 11t'tl1e l11:11l. an-l i111p1-111-1-11 1111-1l1o1l.<
111'a1l111i11istr:1t1on :11-1- 111-1-1--.~:11-_\'.

'1'111-:

.\ll1‘1ll1;,\.\' >1 .\'l'l-'.\l.

The state 11t'.\li1-l11_<_v-:111 with it.~t11\\-11sl1ips,

 1-111111111.-s an1l 1-1111-.-. like 111-:11-l_\' t‘\'('l‘_\' other
3 state in 1111- 111111111. f_"(‘l~' 11111.-t 111' 11- 1-1-v1-111111
' f1-11111 one ~11u1-1-1-- 1111- _1_r1-neral

p1'1 1p1-1'1)’

tax. It is :1 tax upon all 111‘11p1-1't\' \\l1:11.~:o-

 1-v1-1-. 1-1-:11111-p1-1-s1111:1l. 1-.\'1-1-pt th.-11 1-X]11‘L‘>.\‘-

l.\' 1-x11n1pt1-11. and 111-i11_1_v‘s into 1111- .~t.-1t1-
11-1-asu1-\' tw11—tl1i1'1lsot' 1111-11-1p1i1‘1-111'1-\'1-11111}
1-:11-l1,\'1-:11-. and into the 1-11I111l_\‘ and tow11—
ship 11-1-as111-11-s p1-:11-ti1-:1ll_\- 1111-11-1-11111-1-.-up-
pl_\'. Its liistory 111 this 1-11111111-V is 11111 ex-
11-ns-i\-1-. It was l1ardl_\- known 111 the 111111-
11i' \\':1..~-‘.1111,-511111. am‘. its pi-1-.1111 .l<:-1‘;-l1.p-
1111-nt was-n11t1-1-:11-111-d until 1111- 1-ivil war.
11 is-1l11111}_-111 111111,-p1-1-uli:11‘ly e1p1it:1.hl1- 111
1111-111. s-1111-e it s1-1-ks 111 tax :1ll p1-11p1-1-t_v.
wl11.-reve1- found. at :1 111111111-111 1-ate. .\I111-h
this tax l.\ us-1-11. l111\\‘1-\'1-I‘. it has-

111-en 111111-1'l_\’ 1-1111111-1:1n1-11. 11 has heen

' 1-21111-1111111n11uis1t111-i:1l tax. a tax on 111111-
2 1-.<t_\'. :1 tax s1111111]1l1t1111s tl1:11 1-1'1-1-_v 1-11-11-

ized 11211111111l:I:~1lls1‘:tl'1l1'1lll,UX1‘1-[11Ulll‘11\\'Il.
this
1-1111n11'\' .\‘.‘1.\'.\: “The 1;-1:111-.1-:11 pi-11111-1'1)‘ tax,
as :11l111i111.-11-1-1-11 in 1l1is1-11111111-_v to1l:1_\'. he-
.\'11111l1l11l1l11 is 1111-w111-st tax 111 th1-1-i\'ili7.e1l
wot-111." .\n11tl11-r s:1_\-s: “\\'111'1ls 1-:1nn11t
111- t'oun1l su1li1-11-ntl_v s11-1111131111-\'p1-1-~s the
_i11s-11-1-1111-is-111sll1:1t 1:111 111- 111:11l1_-:11_r:1i11stit."

1.1-,1 us-ex:1n1i111-tl1c :l1‘1‘ll.-'.:1li1111s l1r11u_1_rl1t
:1_1_r:1i11s-1 1111.»-tax upon wl1i1-11 we :11-1- so de-
p1-n1l1-nt. 111111,-i1.~'T':t11lls‘. :1111l 1-1111-1111-r the
l'ClIl(,'1ll1.‘>‘ s111_-'_1_1*1-.-t1-.11 for 11113111.

11.\' '1-111: 1:1-:.\'1«:1:.\1.
-111.\.

The tax is lir.-11 t'I'1l11.‘1\1!1l l1e1-a11s1.-itallows
persoiial property to es-1.-:1p1-. 1.:1x:1ti1111. In
1l1c11r_v1l1c tax 11111-111-11 is 11111-ne hy h11th
kinds of p1-11pe1-1)’ --p1-rso11:1l and real. In
pr11c1i1-c p1.-1-s1111:1l propei-ty is hard 111 [ind
:1n1l es-1-apes :1ssess1111-.111. while real p1-11p1,-1-ty
l1ein_1_: 1-as-ilv seen. 111-:11-s the hut-den i11ten1l—
ed for 1111111. It is c\‘e1-ywhei-e asset-te1l
that pet-sonal property in the sliape of
honds, st111.-ks. 11111111-,ys. 111111-t1_r:1ges an1l
1111.-1-1-han1I1sc escape ta.\'at111n.' :1n1l pi-11l1:1l1l_y
no one d11uhts lon_1_rer that such is the ease.
In(lhio. 11nde1- a 1-1,1_r11rous tax spy and
sworn propert_\- list 1netl111d of searching
for this kind of wealth. 21 recent tax com-
inission reports that while half the wealth
of the state is personal property. only a
111e1-e l1:1fza1elle pays taxes-vesoniething like
f1111r—tit'ths_<_r11ing untaxed." The amount
of personal pr11pe1-ty 11n the assess-nient
rolls of states where cs-ti111ates have l1een
111ade lias _1_rt-own steadily less for years.
In 181111, Cincinnati returned f111-asses-s111ent
$117,111 111,111 111 11f personal pt-11pe1-ty. In 189:3,
twent_v—1i\'e years later, this ainount had
1lec1-eas-e1l to 1‘-1;'1,111,11.1,111111 11n the assessment
rolls. Real p1-operty 1Iurin;_r this same
time had risen in assessment value from
$1iT,1.1111.1.111>11t11$H-I.111111,111-111. In the state

l’l{( )l’I‘.I{TY

:_ of New York. the home of the capitalist,

the assess-e11 pet-s11n:1l pr11pe1-t_\' 111 181311 was
In 1.\T.'1 it had fallen t11
I11 1H.\'.-'1 t11S:::v12.111111.111111_;i
declineof >i~'11111,111111_111111 of rep111-ted per-
sonal property 11111-in_1_r :1 period of _1_r1-eat
rail1-11:1d e.\'pansion and <_1-e11er:1l prosperity.
I)111-111;: the same time real estate was ad-
vanced in t:1.\’—payi11§_r ahility from 5.453;,-

‘ 110U,1)1.111 to $7H:.’.tNltl.tl01I. 111- an increase of

(t‘,ontinu1-1ltopa1ze 4.)


. . n‘ . -,v~ ;:.~.<.~:
._ -. 1. ‘av... -.~...~—.,-s

..;

 and: S/Eggk

Dairying in Michigan.

Its l'ro—-pm-ts and .\'s-cessitis-s.
BY I’I{()I". l‘. I). .\'.\lIT}I.

In the first place we notice in the report
of the Secretary of State on matters relat-
ing to farmers and farm products for the
year 1.810-t~-.3 that Michigan has -IHI_.‘.N.4
milk cows over six months old in May, 1.s'.i.’».

()f horned cattle other than milk cows -

there was but 2o;.s,ooo and of horses, -I241,-
tiT:3. Certainly this is not a bad showing.
as to nunihers, of the foundation of the
dairy business, the cow.

It is interesting to note that 1.3 counties
have over 10,01 Ni cows each. and together
contain within 21,000 of one half of the
cows in the state. As might be expected
the dairy business is centered in these
counties for the most part either because
they are adjacent to some large city or
have some special adaptability to the dairy
industry.

.\Iit-higan is a dairy state and is bound
to become more so because located between
(‘liicago on the west and Detroit. on the
east. two great consuming centers of dairy
products. and because. secondly. she is lo-
cated in latitudes where corn. roots and
hay grow to their highest perfection. The
land is in general, unusually well watei'ed.

N<it\\'itlist:in(liiig the low priccsof butter
in recent years, it is. after all. the best and
most profitable form in which the farmer
can sell the grain and forage produced by
his farm. Taken in connection with the
growilig of pork which is the usual accom-
paniment. of the dairy biisiness. it is un-
doubtedly true that at the present time no
other line of farm work begins to be as re.
iminerative. Micliigan farmers are quick
to note and remember these facts. Having
soil, climate and the facilities, I see no
reason why in the near future the dairy
business should not take the doininant place
in Michigan agriculture which sheep have
occupied in the past.

IIU.\lI-I DAIRY I‘.\'. ('I{I-IA.\IICIiY.

As to whether the butter would better
be made in the home dairy than in the
creainerv, the answer is not so apparent.
In all the intensely dairy districts of the
west. nea1'ly all of the butter is made in
the public creaniery, while, at pi'cscnt in
this state, the vast niajority of it is made
in the home dairy. \\'hen uniformity of
product and economy of labor and success
in selling are considered, it is hard to say
why the factory systein is not to be pre-
ferred. Farmers have yet to learn in full
the advantages of co-operation and the
power of united etI'ort. I believe that in
the future, perhaps somewhat remote. the
factory systeni will he adopted in most. if
not all. of the dair_v centers of the state.
This article would be entirely too long
were I to attempt to enuincratc the advan-
tages which must accrue both to the coin-
munities and to the individual farmer by
the location in a neighborhood of a large
and wisely managed creaniery. It is suf-
ticient to know the fact that in the localities
in the west where such institutions abound.
the farmers are contented and prosperous
even in these hard times. Certain changes
amounting almost to a revolution must be
made in the system of inanagenieiit before
the deserved success can be ultimately
reached, but when honest and competent
men are intrusted with the managenient
of creamcries, experience has shown that
they otier to the farmers of the neighbor-
hood an opportunity to convert the prod-
ucts of their farins econoniically and profit-
ahI_v into a concentrated and inarketable
form.

I-IQL'II’.\lI~IS'I' FOR A II())II‘I l).»\II(Y.

Naturally if a man is adapted to the
dairy business and has the soil. the water.
and the environments well adapted to it
and is at the same time not located near
a successful creamery, he will go into the
business of butter making on the home
dairy plan. In such case he iinist find it
possible to till the ice house annually, to
build and maintain a suitable. small dairy
building and equip it with the iiecessary
appliances. This equipment is not neces-
sarily expensive. He must have either a
hand separator or plenty of ice and .cold
water and a good creamer or at least a tank
of suflicient capacity to hold the necessary
number of cans and a surplus of ice. IIe
should have either a Boyd vat or some
other receptacle for holding cream. If the
number of cows is small, it is necessary
that this cream reservoir should he so ar-
ranged as to keep its contents at a temper-
ature not above 50 for several days or at
least until sufficient cream for a. churning
has been gathered and thoroughly mixed.
Some form of ripening vat is absolutely
necessary, but is not necessarily expensive.
Then a good churn and worker with the
ladles and butter prints or tubs complete
the outtit, the whole of which need not
costa large amount of money. A dairy
thermometer is of course an absolute and
essential factor. It is a mistaken idea to
suppose that a great.deal of money must
heinvested in utensils to make the best

i a half dozen.

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

butter. Such is not the case. While it
never pays to undertake to make good butter
without the /H:/.‘I:-‘<-S'I.(/‘_I/ tools, a great lot of

I expensive apparatus is not required and is
. of butlittle advantage.

The farmer should
therefore beware of every new fangled ini-
plement otfered him and should adhere to
the ones which experience has shown to be
the best.

When the herd c\'cceds a half dozen
good cows it will pay perhaps to have a

1 hand separator as it will save more of the

butter, espcciallyin the fall and winter
when butter is the highest in the market.
than will any other method of handling
the milk. ()ii the other hand where the
number of cows is sinaller. the interest on
the tirst cost amounts to more than the
butter saved.

To keep but one or t\vo cows where the

' conditions are right for the business is a

mistake. One does not feel that he can afford
to have even the necessary apparatus for
handling the milk. the rcturnsare too sniali.
_vet the milking has to be done twice a day
and all the operations have to be gone
tlirougli with every day just as they would
have to be with a larger number of cows.

 The amount of milk and cream is less but

the numberofpieccs of apparatiis to be

 cleaned is almost as great and the time

taken about as long with two cows as with
I say, therefore. let each
one of us keep cows enough to warrant the
erection of a inilk-house which we can equip
with the simple apparatus necessary and
thus take the milk work out of the house
altogether. '

The kitchen is not built to make butter
in, the floor cannot be flushed and quickly
and easily cleaned. and besides there is al-
ready too much going on there to permit
the buttci'—making to proceed without an-
noyance. The cellar is not the best place
in the world either.

An ice house should be built on §‘.‘\'(,'l'_\’
farm where butter is made. and at sonic,
additional expense a dairy room can bc
connccted with it in which the convenience
for the operations can be located. Try it.

TII I-I ('( )-()I'I‘II{ATI \' I‘) (.‘I{I<1.-‘A .\I I-IRY.

If a goodly number of farmers in a
neighborliood are keeping cows and there
is some central point, near the railroad sta-
tion, for instance, wherea creamcry can be
located, they ought to unite their forces
and allow one trained man to make their
butter and thus at once economize time
and improve the quality and receipts from
their products. The creaniery must, to
succeed, come after there is a demand for
it arising from the large number of cows

kept in the neighborhood: it oiight n’:-vet»:-.

to be forced on a coiiiiininity from the oiit—
side by some wily agent of :1 construction
coinpany. The ideal plan of carrying on
the ci'eaiiiery is to have it managed b_v the
patrons who are its owners. This system
implies a good deal of common sense on

l
l
l
l
l
l

cream is influenced by the followingdif-
ferent conditions: 

1. Temperature of churning_ which is
the temperature of the buttermilk when
churning stops.

2. Richness of the cream.

3. {ipeness of the creain.

+. Speed of the cliurn.

.3. Ainount of crcain in the churn.

. H. Size of butter EI':llilllC.~' when churn-
ing stops. ‘

It would pay many butterinakcrs to test
the buttermilk dailyor save a coinposite

' sample and test once a week as is «lime in

v every farm houscf

the part of the co-operators, a good deal of 
forbearance as well and determination to ‘

make the veiiture a siicccss, but given tlicsc

qualiticsl know of no other method ofi
The entire *

management as promising.
proceeds. less the cost of manufacture, are

then divided among the patrons according ‘

to the amount of butter fat supplied by

eacli.

and perfect _]ustice is done.
.~tg/ricultitrril ('oIl(‘{lt.’.

Loss of Fat in Buttermilk.

As the art. of butter making reaches
perfection the skill of the butter maker is
added to that of the implement maker.
and it is no wonder that diflcreiit makers
claim that success is attained through dif-
ferent methods. ()ne of the largest. steps
towards perfection is in obtaining all the
cream from a given amount of milk: aii-
other is in getting all of the butter fat out
of a given amount of cream -—-in other
words in exhaustive churning.

Speaking of this matter, I’i'of. Ii. II.
Farrington, who has charge of the Dairy
School of the l.'niversity of \\'isconsin.
said in a recent Iilgin Dairy Report: The
so-called exhaustive cliiiriiiiig of cream
seems to be caused by a variety of coiidi—
tions, judging from the opinions expressed
with more or less positiveness by ditiereiit
butterinakers and writers. I'iidoubtedly
there is some truth in all the opinions, but
the listener often gets the impression that
the speakers conclude that all the truth is
c.ontained in one opinion.

Evidence is more convincing and in-
structive than positive statements, and if
the biittei'iiiaker from Brazil claims that
a green colored churn gives a thinner biit—
terinilk than a yellow churn, the teachable
buttermakcr wants to know a reason for it,
or the evidence on which the statement is
based. If he is told the Brazilian has tried
it, be next wants to know how many times
it has been tried and to see the figures
representing actual tests of buttermilk
obtained from the two churns: when these
are given, and a close study shows them to
be convincing he goes home and paints his
churn and finds that he had learned some-
thing that may be of Value to him.

Without giving figures to prove it, the
experience of creameryinen in general in-
dicates that exhaustiveness of churning

The Babcock test is in constant use Q

some well regulated establisliinents.

A simple calculation shows that '_’.'"'H
pounds of buttermilk which tests H..3 per
cent fat contains at lcast IH pounds of
butter. and this sold at even the present
low price of butter, will buy two pair of
new overalls or pay for the washing of
thirty pair. so that- thc butterinaker may
wear clean clothes of which there is a great
lacking in many creamcries. .\ clean pair
of overalls at least every other dav might
be the means of iiicrcasing a iiiiiiiis wages
in time. It surely would have an influcncc
on the butter buyer. to say nothing of its
etiect on the patrons wlioin the butter-
iiiaker is urging to bring cleancr milk to
the factory. Dirty clothes on a man
receiving milk at :1 factory is just as bad
as the dirty cans from which lie receives
the milk.

When cows feed in a clean pasture and
are only kept in the barn at milking time.
it is a coiiiparativcly easy matter to deliver
clean milk to a cicainer_v. provided the
tinware. strainer and cans. are thoroughly
washed, thcn scalded and kept in the sun
when not in use. l'nless a starter is used
to ripen the cream from such milk it is the
writer's opinion that it does not sour
enough to cliui'ii cxliaustively when held
only -go hours and churned at .305 to no
degrees Fahr. A butter with better
flavor and a thinner biittcrinilk would be
obtained if such cre:iiii was held forty
instead of twenty hours before churiiing.
This would make it iieccssary to use two
cream vats instead of one. but it would im
prove the flavor and increase the yield of
butter.

It would hardly be safe to try this how-
ever unless the milk and the butteriiiakei'
were bot.li clean.

The writer recently visited a place where
cream was shipped in cans to a city where
it was sold sweet. and gave pcrfcct satis-
faction although tlic cans of cream were
transported in the baggage car and were at
least three hours on the way.

The secret of this sweetness was cleanli-
ness. I’asteurizatioii was not necessary.
Prevention is better than cure.

A Bit of Vt/ild Wood.

Yes, why not a bit of wild wood near
is land so dear that
the owners c:1niiot:tll'or<l it. or is there no
a-sthetic or utilitariaii use for such a piece
of e.\'travagaiicc and waste of land{ \\'c.

‘ frequently see articles favoring w'indbrcaks
around farm buildings, but tlicsc are stitt .

rows of trcc.~- one. two or tlirec rows.
perhaps. to break the force of our western
prevailing winds. .\'ow, this is all right.
and I wish there were more of these wind-
breaks iii the western country, but around
lio\v many homes in the country do you
ever see a bit of wild woodf To one who
looks on the wide expanse of prairie and
field as the place to coin the dollars. in
corn and grain, there may perhaps be no
beauty in living trees and climbing vines:
and there are some, even, who see no
beauty in flowers until a dear friend dies,
and then, somctinies. these are the most
lavish with floral offerings. For my wild
wood I do not need a large plot of ground.
because I want it near the house. ()ne-
fourth of an acre, or even less, is better
than nothing, and in planting this out I
would have no set rule. but pu't in every
kind of tree, bush or shrub about as nature
would plant them, for I have seen in “'is-
coiisin more than twenty different varieties
of trees and shrubs growing on less than one
acre, besides almost an innumerable num-
ber of lesser plants. (follect all the
varieties you can from your nearest wood
lots and make the beginning with those of
larger growth, or varieties that need the
sunlight and air, that can stand the storms
and winds, and when these are established.
then do the other planting. The work,
you will see, does not need to be done in
one year, and it is best that it should not
be, but get it started and the birds will
help with some of the wild fruit, such as
cherries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.
VVhen this work is once coinnienced it is
surprising how many varieties of trees and
shrubs, wild plants and flowers you will
discover in the course of a year in your
travels in your own neighborhood or
county, and surely your friends in other
parts of the state will be glad to contribute
of what is growing in their vicinity. We
have, here in the west, :1 great variety of
wild plants, flowers and shrubs, and with
these varieties there is almosta. constant
bloom from early spring time until late in
autumn. Many of these Wild flowers are
fast disappearing. \'\'hy not secure some
of them in your wild wood!

; cicty.

OCTOBER 1, 1896.

Some one has said a home without
children was only half a home. and to me
a home without trees, plants and flowers
would be a desolate home indeed. I know
of one man who has near his buildings a
grove of three or four acres. mainly of
evergreens. with a few larch and other
deciduous trees. which was planted out
more than twenty years ago. :uid now quite
a fUI\’>'t. but no amount of money could
buy it from the farni while he lives.

The late (ico. I’. I’etI'cr. of l’ewaukee,
\\'is.. that a man who so loved nature and
liked to study her varying moods. had
close to his house, or i'atl1cr at one corner
of tlic oi-cliard, a small grove of ever-
greens. and I have often lieard him speak
of it as a home for the birds, and of one
particular time when an untimely snow
compelled thousands of them to seek
slicltcr in its hidden recesses. l’i-rliaps
the bird mind warblcd its thanks to their
kind benefactor.

(‘an you think of anyplacc where the
small children would so delight to make
their play liouscs as under the shadcof

_ some trcc skirtingtliis bit of wild wood.’

.\nd as they grow older how they will
study to improve the groiinds by making
mounds of stones, :lIltl_:_"I‘<itiiis' whcre ferns
and climbing vines grow.

And then. the curioiis sliapcs which can
be forincd. in time, by some of these trees

; and wild vines will ever be :1 source of do-

light to the growing bov and girl, f1i1'tl)i_'s:
bit of wild wood grows in bcautv cvcrv
yeai'. and perhaps the love of natiii'c iiiay
be so inbI'c<l in the boy that lic will savc
the money which sonic of his friends spend
for cigars, may be for liquor. and add to
the attractions of this wild wood :i small
fountain. supplied from the windmill tank.
This will be a bcaiit_v spot and a pleasure
rcsoi't for the entire iicighborliood, and
thus, through this wild wood, lessons of
nature, with love of home and love of
coiintry. will be taught quite as cll'cct.ually
as by burning tire crackers. The duties
and realities of life may take voting men
and maidens from the old home, but they
will never forget the sacred memories, and
the return visits will he the more frequent
by reason of the bit of wild wood. II. S.

///1.1’/iv, /-/I  [.0/‘1 it//1//)’w.\J I/V/in!/It//I/‘.~.-,

The Student as a Citizen.

Altliough the character of student life in
colleges has inthis country grcatly cliangcd
from the old-tinic svstcin of <lol'IIlit(irit;s
under lock and key and guardiansliipof the
proctor or tutor, we have not yctoutgrown
the traditional notion that students are un-
dcr tutelage, and therefore rcspoiisihle for
conduct rather to their teachers than to so-
()tliccrs of law feel less of aiitliority
()\'(‘I'Il('I’()\\'<l of boistcrouss'tu:lciitsthan over

I any other crowd. chictly licc.-iusc of this

rcimiaiit of feeling that they belong to an-
other jurisdiction.

The legal status of studciits in a ma_ioi'il_\'
of states upholds this notion of irresponsi-
bilit_v. The inaturc. wcl|—c«lucatcd student
is by law excluded from gziiiiiiig citizenship
during an entire collrsc of studv. and so

, secins cxcnipt froin rcsponsibilit_\' for the

general good ordci' of his coiiiiiiiinity.

l Though he has attaiiicd liis inajority. and

retains his right of fraiicliise at his fornier
resideiice, he seems while at college to be
not a man ainong men, but "one of the
boys." Though the rcasoiis for such :1
distinction may be good from the lUl(‘(‘I'l,:llIl
iIitei'ests of a body of studcnts in a college
town. it is doubtful whether thcdiminishcd
sense of respoiisibilitv may not bring
greater danger to sound mor-ils than stu—
dent politics could cause.

It seems time that public opinion should
be on the side of truer individuality for‘
students by enlarging their personal rc-
spoiisihility as citizens. livery student
ought to be held in the esteem of his iicigli—
bors directly responsible to society for his
conduct, his intiuencc. his duty to general
welfare. If possible, otlicers of the law
should come into touch with them as iii-
dividuals rather than as a bo<l_\'.

To this end, all interested can do imich
by discouraging those artiticial barriers of
distinction between students and other peo-
plc. in badges and uniforms. "caps and

5 gowns,“ and even "yells," relics of segre-

gation advcrse to a common citizenship.
The people, and especially the press, Will
do most for a genuine student life. tending
toward a speedy recognition of manly re-
sponsibility, when they treat these young
people and all their escapades as they do-
otlier elements of social life about them.
I V _ , . '

Ihe so—called news exaggeiates out of all
due proportions the games, the frohcs, the

. eccentricites of a student body, and at the

same time belittles the responsibility of in-
dividual men and women in the body. If
popular praise and blame were as carefully
(listi-ibuted ainong individual students as
among citizens of any other class, the eclat
of notoriety would soon lose its denioraliz-
ing force. The news would go, where it
belongs, into the personal column.

With the best possible etfort of all con-
cerned, students will still sutter, as other
people do, from the temptation of crowds.
The spirit of a mob is something not yet
analyzed into the individual elements of

(Continued to page 3.)


OCTOBER 1, 1896.

THE GRAN GE V ISITOB.

tflclnlws ll!’citx..

My Hobby.
Read at Branch ('ount_v (iraugc. b_v Mai’) I. (‘rai;.'.

It is customary for people to ride into
vour presence on what they are pleased to
term a hobby. The fariiicr prides himself
on his broad farm of well cultivated land:
the herdsman prides himself on his sleek
Jerseys and Holsteins and points out their
good qualities over other breeds of cattle: the

shepherd can see the good qualities of his l‘
Merinos: the orchardist can tell you the ,

profit of his orchard and invite you to visit
is orchard of well laden fruit: the house-
wife prides herself on her golden butter.

 of fruits. or wines that have received

their purity or flavor through her fingers.
Now, kind friends, allow me my hobb_v,
which is the “Grange as a School." Mich-
—igan is proud of herinstitutions of learning.
VV'ell, she may be. So convenient are they
that it is but a short ride from one institu-
tion of learning to the other. Yearly these
institutions are sending their favorites
abroad like chatf before the wind. As they
come into your neighborhood youfeel their
exhilarating influence, they are :1 light to
your path, a star in the society in which
they move, a crown of honor to their
parents or guardians, they are now fitted
for the stern realities of life as useful and
honored citizens. But what think you of
a society that will take the farmer as he
stands between the handles of the plow,
or the matron as she cares for her house-
hold duties, and raise them up step by
step until it is with pleasure we listen to
their voice, with pleasure and with profit
we read the product of their brain! Such
an institution of learning is the Grange
and deserves more credit than the college
that can furnish you with a diploma.
Jonathan J. \\'oodman, Thos. Mars and
Cyrus G. Luce. all of whose voices have
rung out through the various halls of .\Iich-
igan, are examples of my subject. Not all
that enter the Grange have had a college
e(lucati()n, by far the most of them were
sent out into the word with a common
district school education. The_v naturally
feel their inability to cope with their
college educated brother or sister in the
Grange. The Grange opens 11p these little
valves that have held thought a prisoner
bound, as in an iron vice, lo, these many
years, and let it expand and reach out for
ne\v thought and new fields to conquer.

It disariiis us of all tiiiiidity and enables
us to place our thoughts in an intelligent
manner before our hearers. It takes us in
hand and, like a diamond in the rough in
the hands of askillfnl workman. brings
out all the beauty.

The (ulrange is a hive of industry. As
you open the door to see the inside work-
ings, you see labor assigned to all from
master down to the‘ lowest ofiice. X o
drones admitted. they are not needed. they
would be a detriment, and their presence
would not be tolerated in any working
Grange. \\'all tlowei's are carefully re-
moved and placed to the front where all
can see their beauty and inhale their
fragrance in good words and works. Ex-
cuses are speedily frowned down in the
literary department. Their growth would

poison and sap one of the noblest teachings

of the order until it totters and falls.
Crush out by all means, "I play. thee.
have me excused.“ My mind‘s eye wanders
back to members of a \vell—known Grange
when asked to take a pai't ina literary eiiter—
tainment felt tlieiriiiability to write a piece

and employed a more competent pen than ;
theirs,who, today, can entertain an audience 3

intelligently with their wise and witty say-

ings, scattcring seeds of wisdom as they .

go along. This is the working of the (iraiige
and may appear strange to a novice un-
accustomed to the workings of the order.

We may not all reach the fame of a.

\Vebster or :1 Clay as orators. but it is our
privilege to reach as high as we can.
enter the Grange as strangers, we part as

brothers and sisters in one of the best of ,
\\'e are '
better 1

fraternal societies that is known.
better neighbors. better friends.
citizens. \\'eare there enjoined to obc_v

the mandates of higher tcacliings and obey 1

the laws of our land. It teaches us how to
vote and vote intelligently. It di.-‘arms you
of all fear and inspires you with con tidencc.

The Grange teaches you the four fuiida-
mental principles of the order: Faith, hope.
charity and fidelity.
on the altar of our order and bids you
have faith in God, faith in your order,
faith in all around you. Hope comes like
an anchor to your soul to buoy you up.
VVhile charity. as a sweet niessenger.
throws its broad mantle over the menibers
and erring humanity in general, and, as the
highest of the Christian graces, takes the
highest seat in the order. While fidelity
teaches you to be faithful in your trust to
God and man.

As a giant oak spreads its branches to
all that has a mind to come under its pro-
tecting arms, so the Grange opens its arms
and protects all that wish to come into
its folds and bids you welcome. If I had
a voice to reach every hamlet through this
broad land, and one advice to give, past
your spiritual welfare, it would be, "young

\\'e ‘=

Faith sit-" elltllnlnetl ‘ scatter more liav on the lloor than vou feed 1

l . .
: man and young woman, ]0Il1tl1e Grange,
, you will be needed to buckle on the armor
and bear the icsponsibilities of life." The
- older inembers are one by one dropping by
the way side. Time has touched their
. cheek. dimmed their eyes and chilled their
limbs.
; a higher Grange. Learn the lessons of life,
I buckle on the armor and be ready to meet
its responsibilities as (irangers and as citi-

zens. and all will pronounce the eulogy of " _
; «lay :1 little longer. and we must save and
3 pinch a little closer. and stay at home more"

"well done goo.l and faithful servant."

\

Why Farmers Should be Patrons.

BY .\II‘..\'. E. (‘A.\ll'AL'.

, The very fact that most other industries

are united and working for their best inter-
1 ests is one great reason: then why is the
' farmer so slow to see the point! All
others are directl_v or indirectly dependent
on the farmer for a living. and yet they are
' arrayed in open hostility against his inter-
ests. If the farmer withheld his products
for a few months from market, wh:1t would
be the result! The great commercial world
would come to the farmer. This alone. it
seems to me, is sufiicient reason why the
farmers should be united. All others li:1ve
their unions, trusts and combines, so it is
doubly iiccessary for the tarniei', who is
engaged in the grandest. the most ancient
and noble of all industries. to be united.
The educational advantages in this respect
alone are suth'cient reason why farmers
should be I’atrons. liy asso;-iatiiig in the
(frrange we gather new ideas. learn new
methods and become systematic in all our
work. This. with the educational advan-
tages along this line is one of the greatest
incentives for the farn1cr.s_' to join the
( lrrange.

The social feature should not be forgot-
ten. The sociability of the (irraiige is pro-
verbial, and we say, without fear of con-
ti'adiction, that there is not another organi-
zation oii earth today. where there is more
fraternal feeling. or general goodfellow-
ship, than actually exists among I’atrons of
Iiusbaiidry. This speaks volumes in favor
of the principles taught by the (lrange.
Nor is this all. The refining and polishing
that we iineonsciously acquire by associat-
ing with earnest I’atrons must be for good.

I verily believe. if all who are engaged
in agriculture could be induced to join the
Grange, and would live up to. and practice
the principles of the Grange, it would very
materially “hasten the good time coming. “
Is this, then, not sufficient reason why far-
mers should join the Grange!

Should not we, who ai'e ii1ei1ibei's, make
an etfort to build up the (frrange by taking
an active, energetic part in the work, by
inducing others to join with us, in this
noble (,)rder, by upholding the right and
helping to suppress the wrong, “Seeking
the greatest good for the greatest iiuinber.’
and thus hasten the good time coming!

This is a secret order, and the only order
that admits women into its mysteries: here
we can come with our families and take
part in discussions, singing and whatever
tends to the evening's entci'taininent.

Some of the work has very materially
helped those outside the (irder, such as
drive-wells, slide-gates, etc., for which thev
\\'ould have been paying royalty today. I

Wastes On the Farm.
\\'liut .\re Tlicy. and How l'rc\n-iilt-<l‘.'
Tliesc two papers were read at (‘alhoun (‘minty tiraiigc.
There is an old saying. that "a woman
can throw out of the window faster with :1
spoon than :1 man can scoop in with a sho-
vel.“ Now, if that be so. woman is the
biggest waste on the fariu, and how to pre-

you to answer. But we shall not credit all
j of the waste to woman. as man has more at

his coiiniiand than woman—he can waste
1 more. and we shall first speak of a few of
his wastes. \Vllt*.ll feeding pigs ground
feed. to spill more under the trough than
you put in it looks to iuc like a waste of
the raw material. lhiying tools and then
letting them rust out is another. To keep
more stock than the farni can support. to

until the price has gone down to the bottom
figure. to spend the season in a potato patch

‘ and then let the potatoes freeze in the 4

I ground. to let your corn stand in the shock l
until it gets so cold that it uses up theprice  should the half of a dress pattern be put .

into the sleeves! \\'hy .sli<u1ld-3.‘; or 5'10 be

_ put into a little bunch of velvet. dead birds ‘

i and cainbric tiowers. to be worn on the ‘

top of the head in :1 cold da_v, while the ‘

1 of the corn to buy gloves to husk it in. to

\’tlllI' Sttltfli. tlllll 50 (ill, i‘tI'C \\':l.'~'tC$. Nt)\\',

‘ jtliese and inany, ii1aii_v other little things 

5 may be called wastes on the fai'1ii. and how
1 to prevent them will suggest itself to any
1 thinking mind. ‘
But the greatest waste. to HIV mind. on
the farm. and the one to be the most! la-
mented, is the waste of opportunities. Go
back with me, please, until we reach the
beginning of o_iir farm life, full of prospect
and hope and ambition. \Ve cheerfully
take up the implements and begin the battle
of life.
one ambition, and that is gain. One op-
portunity after another for mental im prove-
ment is passed by, and we keep but one ob-
ject in view, and that is to accumulate a
little more property. _I am speaking now
of the average farmer. He buys aismall

I)eatl1 will kindly open the gate to I

vent her from being tliei'e. I will leave for I

hire a man and then do your own work. to 3
let your gram stand in the stack or graiicrv ‘

\\'e struggle on, with too often but ‘

l piece of land at first. and then exerts every
, energy _to pay for it, for the farmer. of all
‘ men. will pay his debts. if possible.

. is an almost uncontrollable desire. for more,
, and he spends niaii_v a night planning and
contriving how he may possess what joins
him on the east. west. north or south. as
 the case iiia_v be. and that. too. must be

: carpet without raising a dust that will

3 smother anyone that happens to be about.

But 1
, by the time he has his farm paid for, there 1
‘ l‘loors nicelv paiiitcdt

and cover everything in the room ! \\'ould
it not be better to have the most of the
Is it iiecess:ir_v to
have a range that occllpics nearly all the
room in the kitchen! Is it iicccssary for a

1 family of five to have a house with elabor-

j cleared of debt. and a few hours imist be '

borrowed from the night to make the work

. and deprive ourselves of ever_v luxury and
many necessities. in order to pay o1ir hon-
est debt. liut time is goingoii. and pli_vsi-
cally and intellectually we are going back.
Our children, if we have any. learn at an
early age that we are bearing on the grind-
stone :1 little too hard. and they want‘ to see
more of the world. They leave the home
nest. and sometimes become almost useless
fi'oiii the terrible temptations that surround
them. Meanwhile the old folks struggle
on and finally die. and what they have ac-

iiiany precious opportunities is sown bv

times out of ten proves to be (may I say)
more of a curse than :1 blessing to the one
that inherits it.

I’erhaps you will say my picture is a lit-
tle too dark, and would like the preventa-
tive. There surely is a preventative. and
we. brother and sister farmers, ninst get
out of the old rutof thinking. Life is made
11p of hurrv, worry and save. What if we
do not accumulate quite so much of this
worldis goods! if we succeed in making life
worth the living we have done enough. I
once knew a man that had lived his three
score and ten years, and had accumulated
thousands upon tliousands by hard work
and close economy. Said he. "I never
heard a big man speak. never saw a presi-
dent. coiigressnian or governor." llut he
left his thousands to a large family of cl1il-
dren. Ilow it benefited them you can im-
agine. lletter by far that he had informed
liimself that he could have instructed them.

()3 the waste of opportunities. It shows
up in these cases with :1 vengeance.

There is no occupation more iiidcpend—
ent, more to be sought after. than agricul-
ture, if it was not so abused, and to rein-
edy these abuses is where these farmers'
gatherings come in. especially the (iraiige.
But, if we will waste every opportunity to
meet with o1ii' neighbors at these gathei'—
ings, we must not expect to reap the bciie—
fits. As the Grange is the only Order that
opens wide its doors to woman and bids her
enter, you cannot blame her for referring
to its blessing whenever and wherever she
can.

And now, brother farmers. let me say to
you, waste not the opportunities this Order
offers _voii, but iniprove them. Its social
and educational features are well worth
striving for. Its intellectual improvement
and social enjoyment are now within the
reach of every farmer. and if he does not
accept what is offered him. he alone is to
blame. You will never travel this road
but once. Let us look for the brightest
pebbles, look out for the /uw//1 as well as
the pocketbook. by wasting not these. as

well as iiiany more. offered opportunities.
‘ I.om-:'i"i‘.x l’ooi:.\i.\.\'.
Baltic Crcclc. '

The subject is :1 broad one. and to con-
sider it in all its i'elatioiis to a successful
career as a nionev-making business would
require more time and labor than I am dis-
posed to give it at this time. I will state
in the outset. that in my opinion, if I were
to give one-half the wastes that might be
avoided, and which serve in a large degree
to curtail our financial success on the farm.
I should, in this fast and cxtravagaiit era.
be coiisidercd a tit subject fora lunatic asy-
llllll. It is an old saying :md :1 true one.

. spoon as fast as a man can bring in with :1

with the shovel, while they only bring in

case is doubly alarming.
to consider on what :1 small amount of this

cumulated by wasting and passing of so 1

ate finish. and iimncnse veranda.s and stoops
that would shelter :1 thousand! Is it neces-
sary to pay luindreds and hundreds of dol-
lars for ornzuncnts to embellish the house

» and grounds!

I have touched lightly upondomcstic and
houseliold ati':1ii's. I will say just a word

* about the things relating to outdoor econ-

1_, on1_v on the farm.

Is it necessary for a

‘ fariner to keep two hired men, to play

farming while he goes to town in his car-
riage cvcrv other «lav! Is it ecoiiomv for

 :1 farmer to store his farining tools in the
, corners of the fences where he liappciis to

“that a woman can throw out with :1 tea ,
.~ll()\'L‘lZ” but when they both throw out E

with :1 spoon. as i1iaii_v are doing today. the Q
llo we ever stop f

worldis goods we might subsist. and yet be ;

conifortable. if we were to exclude all those
things that were not uccc.-sai'y to our coiii—
fort and convenience! For instance, why

I head, neck and ears are exposed! \\'hy
put 57» to  in a pair of shoes which will

shoes will keep the feet dry and warm!
kinds of indigestible food. when plain bread

healthful!
holstered suit into the parlor to be shut up,
secure from intrusion, the year round!
\\'hy demand a bedstead with head-board

a quarter of :1 ton! ls sleep more sweet.
or are dreams more pleasant!
every room in the house and make it neces-
sary to "wage a constant battle against bugs
and dirt’! Is it not impossible to sweep a

use them last! Is it econoiny to leave his
wagons :1iid c:lI’i'i:lgcs out in the sun and
storins, because he is too sliiftless to run
them under shelter! Is it cconoiiiv to

_ ‘, starve his stock througli the winter. becaiise
ruthless hands to the four winds. :1iid nine f

he is too sliiftlcss to provide sutlicieiit for
their needs! Is itccoiiomy tocropyour fields
year after year. because you :1i'c too stingy
to give them anything back! Is it proper
to let the manure lie in the yard all sizin-
mer. while the sun and rains expel and
wash away all its valuable material! Is it
econoii1_v to give your stock only theslielter
of a rail fence to protect them from the
summer‘s heat and wintcr‘s cold! Is it
ecoiiom_v to allow your fences to become so
dilapidated that your stock acquire the
habit of going where tlic_v choose! Is it
financiering to be continually engaged in
mending old tools. macliinerv and old wag-

. ons. while your men look on or lounge in

the shade and your grain waits in the field,
or your grass overdries in the sun or soaks
in the rain! Is it just the thing to keep a
pack of worthless curs to worry your stock
and annoy your neighbors! .~\nd. finally.
is it just the thing to do any of tliose things
that your better judgment tells you is
wasteful, incxpediciit and unnecess:1r_v!
You will all say at once. “It does not mean
me."

I have been much over the countyduring
the last two years. and when I see a plow
standing in the corner of the fence: :1 bin-
der under a tree: wagons. carriages and
implements standing promiscuously about
the yard. it always attracts my attention.
and I have been very much surprised at the
lack of care and thrift which a ride o.ver
the county will disclose.

And now. about how these things can be
pi'evented. As the fariners are now situ-
ated. it is a question that only individuals
can decide for themselves. and I fear it
will be a long time before it is answered.
If every farmer and farmer's wife were
menibers of the (lrange. and would attend
and discuss these matters. the question
would solve itself. If our sisters would
sever the tie that society has attached to
their vanity. and make use of their strong
common sense. regard comfort more than
style. intelligence more than silly. preten-
tious display. a strong point would be
gained which, perliaps. might lcaven the
whole lui11p. \Vill the time ever come
when this much desired and greatly nccdcd
era will be ushered in! I fear not. Now,
don't all rise at once and say. “you‘re an-
()lll(‘l'.“ Just one word more. If we. as
good (irangcrs, would take advantage of
the trade arrangeiiients that have been sc-
curcd for us. at a cost of so much time and
cxpcnse. by bulking orders and ordei'ing
nearly all our suppliesthrough this channel
we might make :1 saving that would sur-
prise us at the end of the year. \\'ill we
ever do it!

‘V. N‘. 5l_\lu.\\.

I§r1Hl¢:(7rc1l.'.

Th e, 3tI.Y€;Y\il,e_-$..

If I Knew.

If I knew the box where the smiles were Kept,
No matter how large the key

Or strong the bolt, I would try so hard,
’'I‘ would open, I know, for me.

Then over the land and the sea, broadcast.
l‘d scatter the smiles to play.

‘ That the childrens’ fact-s might hold them fast ~

not exclude danipness, when a pair of  
\\'hy fill the pantrv with pastry and all i

and milk, and other plain food_is more ‘
\\'hy put a 5100 or -‘S2200 up- '

six or eight feet high and weighing nearl_v I

\Vhy carpet »

For many and many a day.

If I knew a. box that was large enough
To hold all the frowns I meet,
I would like to gather them every one.
From nursery, school and street,
Then, folding and holding, l’d pack them in,
And turning the monster Key,
I’d hire a giant to drop the box
To the depth of the deepest sea.
——lVorIl1inyton‘s Illuf/rzzinc.

Ripans Tabules: for sour stomach.
Ripans Tabules cure liver troubles.
Ripans Tabules: at druggists.
Ripans Tabules assist digestion.
Ripans Tabules cure indigestion.
Ripans Tabiiles cure nausea.
Ripans Tabules: pleasant laxative.
Ripans Tabules cure dizziness.
Ripans Tabules cure flatulence.
Ripans Tabules cure dyspepsia.
Ripans Tabiiles.

Ripans Tabules: one gives relief.
Ripans Tabules cure biliousness.
Ripans Tabules cure torpid liver.
Ripans Tabules: gentle cathartic.


THE GRANGE VISITOR.

OCTOBER 1. 1896.

THE  l1ISl’l1"Q«R, A

CHARLOTTE, MICH.

The lllllcial llrgan of the lll1:hlg1n Slate Grange.
Publisliv-tl on the First :1nd Third Tluir.—r|:1y~ of Each Month

lii)i'roit :
Kenyon L. BUTTERFIELD, LANSING, MICH.
§"To whom all t'.\Z(‘lt.‘lltL{l'~ and all :1rtir.'lo_- for ptzlilicatioii
should ho .~:-nt.
.\l.\.\‘.\r.i-zizs .\xn l‘i-:i.\‘Ti:i>.s:
PERRY <2 MCGRATH, CHARLOTTE, M/cu.

To whom all .~'Iibscriplion.~ and :1dv<-rti.-ii:L: slioul-l bc >1-ut.
TI‘Il{.\l.\' 30 (‘Hits a \'«-:u', 2.‘; ('1-nts fui'.\‘ix Jloiitlis.

In Clubs of 1:0 ll|Ol'('. 40 ('4-nts pt-r Yezu‘ ('H.(‘ll.

Snliscriptions payable in ttll\'2l.ll4'(', an-l tliscontiiiu--ll at

expiration. unlc.-zs rt-riewt-ll.
FE"'ltc-iiiittanccs should be by lit-1.rl:<tcrc4l l.cttt-t‘, .\loi1cs’

Urdcr or Draft. Do not scnnl stainps.

@‘"To insure insertion :1ll notices slionlrl be mailed no  the expenditures and resources Of the lnstfup

later than the Satiirrlay (hI‘£‘(,‘(,'lllll;I issiic.
Entered at the I’o.~'tothcc- at (.'l1arloItc. Mich . as Scconrl
Clas lll:Ill(-l’. ‘

I4?” .\‘i.x'r lssi'i-;. (NT. 13 ‘

OUR woRii<ii.W

Tln-followiiiirIiashr-1-ii:1pprow-:1 by tho .\'t:1tv-tlr.'1i1i.'<-:1.s
a fair >‘Y&1l('lllt‘[il ofthc (Il)jcl‘l> tlu-|Er:1.'1uc of .\liclii‘_’ilH
lms in view, and tl1c.~pI-ci:1l lines along’ which it pruposcs to
work. \\i(- -pc cw-i'y (ir:1i1;.:1- in tho .~t;1t1~ \\'ill work
c.:iri11-..s‘tly in all llll'.~l' tlcpartiiwnt-.
unit:-rl cllurt we shall rapidly

so tl1ath_\- :1 niorc
incrn-:i.so our iiiinibi-rs.

cxtciulotirinlllii-iict-.:ii11l:1tt:iininoi‘c:1i1rli11or1~ ('lIlll[rl~'lI’-

1ylllU.\'l‘.(’ll|l.~' which we sci-k.

tJl‘.l‘. t>li.ll.("l‘
istlu-()rg:1i1iz:1tioi1ofthc Fziriiicrs for their own l1iipi‘o\‘1-»
iuciit. Fin:1nri:1ll_\‘. .\'oci:1ll_\'. .\lr-ut:1ll_t’. .\l..r:1ll_\'.

“'0, lJl'llt‘\'t‘ that this iiiiprovr-111:-nt can in l:1i'q4> iiu-asiirc
ho l)l‘<ill;,'lil about:

1. (a.) My with-r iiulividiial .~ti11l_y Zlllll
cu.~'sion of the l;1isii1I-.s.- side of l':1r1i1iiu.: .'1n1l lioinv l»\'l't'[1llll..’.

t‘h.r Hy co-opt-i':1tioi1 for lin:1i1ci:il :1rl\'.'ii1t.'1u1-.

L’. in.) By fi'cq1icnt.~oci:1l v_':itlicriiu_'-. and llll‘ iiiiiixliiiu
togctlicr of l'.'ii'iii:-its with l':1riiiv'rs. and of l':1ri1u-rs 11 ill:
people of other occiipatioii-.

(b.) By striving fora pnrcr n1:1i1l1oovl.:1nobl»-r \\'oin:1n-
liood.ai1d:1I1i1iv1-r>zil l)I‘Hllll>'l'llluill.

3. (:1.) By .~lllIl)'lli}_{ and pi'oii1oliiii.:tlu- iiuprovcnicnt of
our district schools.

(h.) Hy p:-iti'oni7.ii1g and aidiiu: the .\L’l'l(‘llllllF:'ll (‘ol-
lcges and lixperiinviit Stations in their lc1..'itii11at1- work of
scieiitilic lllV(¥.~‘li£.'£|ilHll. pructirzil l‘.\I[H‘l'lllll'lll. :1nd :-duc:1-
tion for rural pursuits.

lie.) Hy iii:iii1t:iiiiii1i.: and attctidin-.: l':irii1or.—' iiisiitutt-s:
I‘(“H(llllI..' in tho l'{ca4liii:.: ('irclo: o-.stabli.-liiiuz and Iisiiiiz
circulating: libi':1ri:-s:b11yiii;: iuort-:1n1l bcttn-r n1:1i::1zii1cs
and papers for the honu-.

4. (:1.) By dill'usin«.r :1 ki1o\\'lr-llco of our civil institutions.
andtczi('liii1p.:tl11-highdutiosofcitiz:-iisliip.

.) By tll‘HIi|lllllll_L,' tho l‘llf(lT(‘l‘lllt'lii of t'Xl~lll|Lf stuliitcs.
and by xlisctissiiig.:1dvoc:1tiiig. and trying to .~vcur1- such
other st:1tc:1i1d iiatioiial l:1w.s' as shall tn-nil to Il1:- geiicivil

justico. progr:-.~san1lu1or:1lit\'.

\\'c quote the followin_«_r from the .l/. .l.
(’. /t’rcr»rr/ of Hepteiiibcr '_’.‘*l. hocaiisc it
gives :1 _,<_v'Uo<l idea of the niaiincr in which
the woincnis coiiixsc at the ./\;[l‘l('lllilll':ll
Collc}__rc is l)(,'lll;_"('f)lillllcll1'(‘rl. Of course it
is uiiiicccss:1i'y to s:1y at this time that thc
(,il':lllf_[c feels tli:1t its advocacy of this wo-
incnis course lias bccn of inllucncc in seciir»
ing such acoursc. \\'c :irc sure that :ill
l’atrons will be <_rl:1d to learn of the earnest
iii:1i1ner in which the (.‘oll<-}_v'c atitlioritics
ai'udoin}_r the work. (lvcr 3:3 ladies are
now enrolled. which is about thrcc tiincs
th:1t of any previous tcrin. exccpt where
they h:1\'ccoinc to the ('ollc}_rc just for the
siiiinncris work in tt-.:1cliin_<_r. Alto<_ret.l1ci'
there are about Illll students in the Fre.sli-
inan cl:1.ss.

All former students and friends of the Agri
cultural College will tie doubt take a lively in-
terestin the success of the newly established
women’s course and in the changes rendered
necessary by the introduction of this course.
The most apparant change thus far is in the num—
ber of ladies seen in our classes and. about the
campus. There are at present thirty two lady
students, and instead of an occasional solitary
co-ed we now see groups of eight or ten. livery
thin: possible is being done for their comfort
and to make their course a pleasant and protit-
able one.

Abbott hall has been given over to their ex-
clusive use and has undergone numerous
changes and repairs. The two rooms at the
front entrance have been united into one and
have been neatly papered, painted, and fur-
nished for parlors. A piano will soon be added
for the use of those who take music and who
already play. The lirst: room at the left of the
front entrance is occupied by the matron, Prof.
Edith McDermott, and has been papered and
painted similar to the parlors. The remainder
of the rooms have been newly papered. and
doors painted and other woodwork oiled, for
the use of the lady-students. Each room is fur-
nished with two white, iron bedsteads with
springs and mattresses, a commode, dresser,
toilet set, and chairs. Other furnishings, such
as carpets, rugs, bedding, curtains. pictures,
etc., are supplied by the occupants of the rooms.

But the greatest change that has come over
Abbott hall appears in the wing. Above the
old dining room and kitchen has been built an-
other story, wbich contains the model kitchen.
a storeroom, cloakroom, and cook‘s room. All
of these rooms are finished in southern pine,
with hardwood lloors, and contain all modern
appliances for scientific cooking. In the dining
room below, small tables have taken the place
of the old long tables formerly used. and the
entire equipment is new. The ladies’ club will
be run under the students‘ boarding club asso-
ciation, “but board will not cost us $2.00 per
week,” says Miss McDermott.

The building is supplied with electrical appli-
ances, bells connecting the kitchens and dining
room and matron’s room, which, together with
the parlors and balls are also lighted with elec-
tricity. New bath rooms will be fitted up in
the basement. Outside a new stone walk has
been laid from the north entrance to the old
walk; the drive around the north end of the
building has been sodded over, and the front
drive has been narrowed by sodding a strip
about ten feet wide next to the building. Con-
siderable of the bare ground at the south end
has elso been sodded over, all of which makes
the surroundings much more attractive than
formerly.

The women’s course will follow the general
plan of the agricultural course. Agriculture,
farm work. drill, and a few other things in the
agricultural course will be omitted, and in their
stead cooking, calisthenics, advanced drawing
and painting, German, French. millinery, ilori-
culture. kitchen gardening, domestic economy
and music will be given. The entire course
will be made as attractive and practical as the
abundant resources of the College and the ex-
perience of a trained matron can make it. Pro-
fessor McDermott’s thorough training along the
lines of domestic economy and household

 the
would not be more just to the taxpayers of this ,

L'l'lll‘l':'!l dis- ‘

science, first as a student at Drexel lnstitute.
and afterward in charge of this department of
work in a large industrial school. gives assurance

5 of the successful carrying forward of the work

begun this year under such auspicious cir-

cumstances.

The followin_<_r resolution. prcscntcll
at the last State (ir:in_<_rc by l’;i'othci' A. W.
llaydon of Van lhircn county. w:is:1doptc-l
by the (ii':1iigc:

Wiii~;i:r:.\.‘s, The authorities of the State L'ni-

' versity desire enlarged appropriations for the

l'niversity: and _ _ _
\Viii-:i:i;.1.s, There seems to be an indisposition

. on the part of the taxpayers of the stateto con-
‘ cede increased appropriations to this institution;

therefore,

l{l;'Sf)L\'1r.I), that the hxecutive Coinmittee of ‘

the State Grange he requested:
1. To secure a complete detailed statement of

tion, and an authoritative estimate of its pres-
ent and future needs.

2. ’l‘o report to this State (lrange the judg-
ment of the committee. as to what should be

 the policy of the legislature in dealing with these

wants and needs.

3. To endeavor to secure from some of the
authorities of the l’n1versity good reasons why
following adjustment of students‘ fees

state than is the present arrangement:
a. Tuition fees for nonresident students

in all departments somewhat equal to similar ;

fees required in similar departments by the
leading universities of this country:
b. Tuition fees for resident students in
technical departments as at present;
c. Free tuition to resident students in the
department of literature, science, and the arts;
1. To report their llndings to the State Grange.
and also such other facts and opinions as will
aid this body in determining what will be. in

dealing with our great l'niversity.

\\'c hope that thc l’..\'cc1iti\‘c (‘oininittec
will not iic;_rlcct this resolution. hccaiisc \\'(‘
belieyethcn1:ittcr:1tissuc is of real i1n-
portance. lict us }_rl:inc(: over the contents
of this rcsolutioii. That the ":u1tlioi'ities
of the state l'iii\'ei'sity desire enlar_«_rcd :1p-
propriations for the l'ni\’ci'sity" niay not

prove true for this current year, btit it has :

been true :it every le}_rislature for niany 
sioiis. :1nd it is fair to prcsiunc that thc

}_Tl‘()\\'lll of thc l'ni\'ei'.'sity and what are ‘
considered by the ['i1i\'crsity people as,

lll(’:1_L‘I‘€ apliropriations, will induce a re-
quest for ci1l:ii'_«_>'cd appropi'iations this next
wintcr. That “there scents to he an itidis-
position on the part of the taxpayers of thc

statc to concede increased appropri:1tion.s , H
.- li':1\'ei'sc
, :ii'tic|es i'cg':1rding their i'cspccti\'c institu-
, .

to this institution," is so cyidciit to ('\'(él'\'
onc wl1o is :it all :1cqu:iintcd with the farin-
lll_$_{‘ and l:1borin}_r cl:1.sscs tli:1t it is not worth
while to ai';:uc the point.
just :11 this time to go into :1 long‘ (list,-tis-
sioii as to the reasons why the people feel
as they do. As we have before stated in
tlicsc colunnis, thc very fact that the ini-
vcrsity wants more money and the pcoplc

do not wantto _<_ri\'c it to them is tlllrllliki , ) _ ‘ _ _
I ()1) another line lrof. hniith contributcs :1

reason why this resolution is of \':1luc.
liithcr the l'ni\'ei'.sity does not underst:1nd
the people or the people do not 11ii<lci‘staii«l
thc l'niyci'sily. \\'c suspect that both

llIll1}_".~' are true. and the best way to bi-in;_r l

:1bo11t :1 i1iut11:1l 1ti11lci'st:1iidiii_<_r is for thc
widcspi'c:1<l. iiitclli}_rcnt. :1i1d tlioi'ou}_rli dis-

ciissioii of the lll()ll_:_"lllH einbodicd in this ,'

i'c.solution. Let us lind out wh:1t the l'ni-
vcrsity cxpciids. what it costs the tax-
payei'. what it i'c:1ll\' needs. what its policy

is. whattl1e:11itl.1oi'ities of the l'iii\'crsity .

think the policy should be. and wl1:1t the
people think the policy should be. If :1
good. lll()l'()llfl'll c.\':nnii1:1tion by our ex-
ecutive connnittcc could be made, their re-
port would be of grezit Value in }_rcttin_t_r at
:1 fair and just cstiinate of wli:1t the Uni-
versity should expect front the people.
There :1re included in this resiolution sonic
pr:1ctic:1l queries that the c.\'ecutive coin-
inittce are asked to have an.»-'wei'ed by the
['ni\'ci'sity :iutlioritics. They relate en-
tirely to the question of whether the state
should furnish tuition to non-residents oti
equal terms with residents of the state, and
they also bi'in}_r up for disciission the fund-
aniental principles whether or not the state
shall furnish free education in the _<_renei'al
college courses, whether or not it shall
furnish free tuition in technical college
courses, or whether the one shall be free
and the other shall be partly carried on
throu_<_rh tuition fees. We hope that some-
thing niay come of this resolution.

It is not improbable that the history of
the laboring classes during the past quarter
of a century may include some valitablc
lessons for the fa.riuin_g classes. The in-
troduction of machinery has produced a
revolution among the laboring incn.
Thousands upon thousaiids have been
thrown out of eniploynient because of ma-
chinery. This process is still going on.
Only recently the perfection of the type-
setting machine has thrown hundreds and
thousands of printers out of the work to
which they had given the best years of their
life, at a time when they were too old to
learn :1 new trade. Another fact which
has gone right along with this  the fact
that the working men who are most skill-
ful in l]€ll’1(llll1f__F that inachinery which is
used in inakinc_r the most delicate products
and most in_r_renious devices usually receive
the best pay. In other words, the working
men who help to produce sonictliing seine-
what rare and costly and expensive are the
best paid working men. Notice another
fact. that in the long run and as a rule

  .., ~ ‘»<x'¢".-- -:~v» war. aaavw u-.m-m.aw..ym.-.1 >314 .- W -. -... #4144

\\'e do not care i

‘those productions which are made by the

labor of these skilled nicn are only inadc

1 as the result of study. tl1o11_<_rlit. intcn.sc:1p-

pliczitionaiid the most highly tlevcltqicd
brain powcrin incchztnical lines. Thc par-
allel is this: in:1cl1inci'y. rapid tr:1ii.sport:1-
tion. the opening tip of l:1r_g'c ti':1i-ts of l;m.l_
have all reduccd thc cost of production of
food crops: but does it not :11 thc saiuc
tiinc rcinain true that thosc f:1rtncrs who
arc i.-iig‘:r<_J_‘c«l in lrl'(l<lll(‘lll_J_‘ thc 1':-ry (mod
products. and who acquirc thc }_:i'c:1tcst
skill. who use thcir brains the most. :1i1d
who producc that which only thc fcw will
take pains to produce :1i1d which but t'Hlll~
p:1r:1ti1'cly few can p1ircli:1sc. arc <loin}_r the
best today lin:1nciall_\'. l“oi'iii.~t:1i1cc. whcat
}_rrowci'.s are not iu:1kin;_r inuch nioncy. but

; a l:ii‘j_rc iuunbcr. :1lthou_1_rh :1 con1p:1r:1ti\cly

liniitcd number, of fiirincrs arc u1:1kin«_r
hi_<_rh ;_rr:1<lc dairy buttcr which is scllin_<_r :1t
:1 price \\liicl1;_v‘i\'cs lhcin :1 good ll\'lll;_". :1l—
tliou;__rl1 the iuass of pcoplc in:1kiu_«_r huttcr
arc lo;-in-_r oti c\cry pound 'llic_\' inakc.

, Tlicrc w:1s:i_<_ri'c:1t bulk of fruit produccd

in .\liclii;_v‘:1iitliisycai‘; probably the n1:i~
jority of farincrs iuallc only :1 small prolit.
but thcrc wcrc :1 great i11:1tiy who had ;_"l\‘t‘ll
the best of their tiinc :1nd tl1ou_<_v'l1t :1nd
skill to the work who ni:1dc :1 }_ri'c:1t dc:1l of
money. It scents to bc }_rcltin_1_: ii1:r<_rric1il-
turc as it is:1n1on_1_-‘ the woi'king incn. that
he who produces thc i':1rc llllllf_". he who
does that which only :1 few will do, is the
one who }_"(‘l.~ thc rcward. Is there not :1
lesson in this for f:1rincrs.’ llocs it not in-

, dicatc that if men will put in more of study.
the matter of linancial support, Just and fair ‘

more of tliouglit. more of skill. more of
itirlgiiieiit in :1d:1ptin_<_r thcii'f:u'n1s and loc:i~
tion totlic needs :1iid wants of the constnncrs
that they will. cycn in what we call "h:1rd
times." do better than many or most are
tl()lll}_’_‘ to(l:1_\'f

\\'c wish :i_t_r:1in to call attention to the

I :ll)l(' ]ll'tipl‘l'l.\' ltui l1i\\',

assessed at full £’l}_!'lll\‘ pct cent of what
they would sell fot' lthc law says we sliould
:1.~.~c.s.s for full c:1sli yaluc. b11t wc ll:i\‘c :1

cliancc to err in our ill1l:_"llli‘llll. :1i1d that '

l'>cldiu<_r ('ity was not :1ssc~scd on :1i1yprop-
crty ovcr forty per t(‘lll. and in sonic cziscs
not ovcr tcn pcr ccnt. of its cash \':1luc-"
This statciiu-t1t.sliows thc dill'ci‘cnccs that
i:1:1y c.\'i.st in \':1luin1_r property. also thc
tuctllotl by which :i.sscs.soi‘.s acconiplisli thc
rcsult. Tlicl:1wot'tl1is st:1tc furtlicr cu-
<‘Hll!‘:1}_"c> thc undcr\':1lu:1tion of propcrty
by in:1kiii<_r thc :1.s.~cs.siii;' olliccr clcctive
r:1tl1cr tl1:1i1 appoiiiliyc. llis stay in otiicc
and fnrtlicr political protuotion is dircctl_\'
rlcpciidciit on the b.-1llot.s of those whosc
pi-opcrty l1c \':1lucs. llccncountcrsastrong
tcinptalion tlirou_g'h tlic law to \':1luc prop-
crly li;_rl1tly. and kccp his coiistititciits
}_"Im1l llll|ll()l'<'1l.‘ll thc c.\'pci1:~1‘-oftlic state.

l.\l)l'll.'\ \l.l'.\Tl(),\'.

.ltl1l}_"c .\l:1.\wcll of li:l_\' (‘ity. bcforc
whoin :1.s1ipcr\isor\1';1s 1-cccully coiiyiclcd
of lllltl('l'\:lllllllg‘ propcrty. iuakcs this
.st:1tcn1cnt: “Sincc l\l3l tl1csupcr\isoi' has
bccntric1l:1.s:1n :1.ssc.s.sin«_r olliccr. :1nd for
tifty yc:1i'.s it has bccn «lc1non.str:1tc<l that
thc .supcr\‘isor will not inakc :u1 lioncst
a.s.scss111ciit. Thc systcin of cqu:1liz:1tion
by tlic lIH.'ll'4l of supcri isors holds out con-
stant tcniptatiou to liiiu to \iol:1tc his oath
and pei'\‘ci'1 his duty by \':iluin}_r thc tax-
ln fact. as :1 i11:1i1.
lic hopcs that by low \’:1lu;1tion hc will >.‘l\'('
.soi11ctliii1g' to liisconstituciits. and he f.-11-oi-s
thosc who clcctcd llllll. (hi this l':1\‘oritisn1
of his itnincdiatc nci}_rl1bors dcpcnds his
furthcr political llUp1*.s." l.ittlc l1cttci'i111~1it
of tax conditions can be hoped for while

- :1sscssoi's:1i'c rcsponsihlc to thc t:1.\' p:1\'ct's

for their positions. or the statc lc:1\'cs so
nuicli cli:1i1cc for onc township to shift

‘ couiity and stzitc t:1_\cs upon anotlicr.

articles l'lll1llll1}_{’ in the \'isi'i‘oi: l'Cf_"£ll‘(lll)_gf ,

our state institutions :1i1d state questions.
\\'c reprint in this issue the article which
l’i-of. lledrick of thc A_<_ri'icultur:il (,‘ollc;_re
read :1tf:1i'iiici‘s' institutes last winter. on
the subject of taxation. \\'c i'c;::ir<l it as
bcin}_r the best llllllf_" of lllt kind that our
i'cadci's will bc able to lind in so short :1
space. llr. (,‘hi'isti:uiof thc l’ontiac:1sylun1
for the insane, :1i1d llr. .\lunson of thc
(.‘ily :1syl1u11. also contribute

tions. llr. .\lun.son ;_rocs intodctail i'e}_r:ii'd—
inc‘ thc coniniitinent of patients. their c:1rc.
:1nd st:1listics l'(‘f_{:ll'lllllf_V the number of pa-
tients :1iid cost of niaintcnancc. lloth of

, these articles will be of e.\'ti'cinc iiitcrcst to

our i'e:ulci's, whom we know are intciiscly
iiitei'estcd in this iinportant sub_iect of
ll‘:llIlt:l.llllll,<J‘ these innncnsc instittitious.

not:1blc:1rticlc on the subjcct of "l l:1iryin}_»‘
in .\llt.‘lll_L':lll.“ \\'liicli we connncnd to c\‘ci'_\'
1’.-1i'inci' in the state. “it: also l1:1\'c sonic
}_rood articles in the woni:1n's work depart-
incnt, which li:1d pi'c\'iously bccn i'c:1d :11
county (il':lll}_"(‘.~‘.

Wortliy S1-ci'ct:1i'y Jcnnic lhicll asks us
to correct an error in thc .\otice of (.‘onnty

(il':lll;_"e coiiyciitioiis. Thc datc of these
coii\'entions:1.s }_ri\'cn was Tuc.sd:1y. (lct. 1.
ll. .'~ll()lllll Oct. 6.

Taxation.
It‘oi1tinu1-dfrom lirst piiizn-.1

-_\“_’IlH.HIlH,HI,lH. In the whole l'nited States
the :1sscsst:<l \':1luc of pcrsoiial property
dccre:1sc1lfi'oin S5.Ill1.l.ll'4l.tlllll in lxlill to
-$::},.\'t‘»t§.lltlll,lltlll in lfihtl. real estate on the
other hand iuaking proportioii:ite risc. lt
is for those reasons that the farnier claiins
that he pays more taxes than he should.
So much evidence all tendin}_r the sainc
way inakes incontestable the claim of the
land holder that he is be:1rin}_r the taxes
intended for :1ll. '

Another objection to our taxing systcin
is that

IT l'Zl\'(.‘()l'l{A(v'l-I5‘ l7‘.\'F.t)l7Al. \'AliL'A'l‘l().\',

as between one locality and another. The
entire :nno11nt of state and county taxes is
levied upon the townships of this state in
proportion to the value of property each
contains. No grezitcr inducement could
be offered the assessing oflicer having the
interests of his neighborhood, rather than
the interests of the state, at heart, to 11n-
dervaliic property and shift the burden of
state and county taxes to other townships
than his. Real estate in almost adiacent
counties. like Allegan and Berricn, differs
in assessed value as nuich as eight dollars
per acre, while the s:1ii1cdirl'e1'cnces:1i'c per-
mitted between townships within :1 county.
The law, it is true seeks to remedy this
defect by requiring that all property be
:1sscsseda’tits real value, but assessoins do
not comply with the law. The Auditor
Gencralis tax superintendent in this state
estiniatcs that one—half the property of the
state goes untaxed because the personal
property of the state escapes taxation and
the other property is iintlervaliied. A
supervisor in lonia county recently pub-
lished this statement concerning an equal-
ization quarrel in that county: "My claim
was and is that Ionia City, Portland, Sar-
anac and all the other villages ’to_:ether
with the farining lands of the county, were

.\ltll{.\l. l'll"l"l-Z("l' (ll-‘ 'l'lll-f >3 .\'l'l-‘..\l.

Thc last objection is found in tlic inoral
cllcct of o11r systcin. It is said tl1:1t indu-
in}_r from tax rcturns. thc clcij<_»'_\'t1ici1 :1rc
tlic ;_ri'c:itcst propcrty l1oldcrsol' tho coun-
try. they bcin_«_r too lioncst to t':1l.sit'y thcir
st:1t.ci11ciits. .\lost incn dcsirc to pay lhcir
full sliarc of statc cxpciisc. but no onc
w:1nts to pay his in-i_<_rl1hor'.s, lndccd. coni-
pctition is so closc in sonic luisiiicsscs that
:1 inan cannot possibly pay his t:1.\‘1-s if his
llt'lf_Illll(ll' docs not. and succccd in busiiicss.
(lI1i'.systci11ol't:ix:1tion tends to brin_<_r lltc
iuorzility of :1 coiuiuunil_\' down to lhc lcycl
of the most 11nsci'1ipulous_ hcc:1usc. fccling
that Hlll(‘l'-lll(‘ll arc not n1::kin_1_v' full t'ctui'iis
of thcir posscssioiis. most iucn :ii'c (‘.11)-
scieiicclcssabout their own. A wisc t.-1.\'iii_<_r
law should not lll.‘ll\'(' ti'uthfulncss so dith-
cull.

l’»c.si1lcs1lu-sc Vital obicctioiis loour la.\-
in;_-' systciu. tl1ci'c:1rcotlicrsofiuinornotc.
Asthcni:1insoui'ccol'1'c\'ci111clothcstatc.
it allows too iu:1ny 1-iii/.cns to go nnt:1.\cd.
l'nlcss :1 pcrson owns pi'opci'ty iuorc tli:1n
is c.\'<-iupt by law he in:1kcsi1o1-onti'ihutioii
to tl1c.st:1tc wl1:11‘c\'cr. c.\ct-pt :1 paltry poll-
tax. ll l.\f_1'(‘lI('l':lll_\' ('HIl.~l1ll‘l'(*ll tli:1t :1 fourlli
of oiii' bread c:1i’i1ci's l)(‘ltlllfl' to thc profc.~-
sional cl:1s.scs—————lawyers. tc:1cl1crs. 4lti('l()l'.~'.
etc. \\'hy should not thcsc pci'son.s lll:ll\'(‘
soniccontribution to «_ro\'cri11nci1t. which
protects and frcqucntly c<luc:1tcs thctnf

Thc collcctin}_r tuacliincry undcr this tax
systcin is liarllly less troublcsonic than the
:1sscssin<_[. llow fi'<-qiu-iitl_y in the poorer
parts of the statc docs thc town ti'c:1.sui'ct'
report no property to bc lc\‘ic1l upon for
s(*clli'il'l}_{ taxes. and tl1c.st:1tc loscs rcvciitic
and is cncuinhcrcd worthless i'c:1l cstatc
tlicrcbyl Tax ollicials in this st:1tc<lccl:irc.
that after :1 tax is lcyicd on only :1
part of property, and that uiidci'\'alucd. it
is still cxcoc<liti;_rly dilliciilt to collect it.

Still inorc itijusticcs promoted by our
tax arc the unequal :1sscssi11ciits as between
one indi\'idu:1l :1nd :1nothci'. the c.\'cniption
of the poor for political piirposcs. and the
double t:1.\':itions which are llL‘('(‘.~':~':ll'.\' in
iii:1ny itistaiiccs, or the state loses revenue
tryiii}_v' to avoid them.

'riii-1 siNoi.i: '1‘.-xx.
Aiiiong the schcincs for tax reforni, few
have been more warinly and eiitlu1siast.ic—
ally supported than the siiiglc tax. It is
the frequent conclusion oftaxation students
that no relief can come until all taxes are
siinplified into one. At all times the the-
ory has been that, while :1 tax is collected
from some one coniniodity, this in tiii'n
shifts the tax to other coininoditics, until
the whole is <lill'11se<l equitably throughout
the coninninity. .lust:1s at present, an iii-

crcased excise tax on liquors is not borne '

by the nianufacturcr alone, but is shifted
by him. ’throu_(_rh :11) increased price. upon
those who use the coinniodity. A Variety
of objects, such as incomes. houses and
lands, have at different times been suggest-
ed as the bearer of this tax. No taxis
theoretically so fair as the income tax. It
iiiarks almost exactly the ability of a per-
son to pay taxes. It is an elastic tax. It
leaves every one relatively in the saitie
po.’s‘ition after paying the tax as before
paying it. l’i'actically, howevei'. itis open
to much criticism. lt is :1 tax on the con-
scientious; is inqiiisitorial, and has the
added fault for state purposes of taxing
incomes made in i1eiglil1oi'iii_g states from


‘—-Li. *JV'—'%*:‘is<..2-——.

: -o~s~ -_ ._:—_q*‘ .

OCTOBER 1. 1896.

THE GRANGE V ISITOR.

property already taxed there. The single k

tax on land is: eoiniiiended heeanse it taxes

‘.5()l])(3ll]l[]f_F easy to find. hut is eondemned f
beenlise it cannot he ea.sil_\' shifted. and “
hence the land owner must hear the tax ;

alone. No snhjeet has vet heen found that

fully hears out the tli-eoi'_\' of the .sini_rle 

taxer.

"El’.\l’..\’l‘l().\' HF .\'l'_\'1'l'l AXI) l.t)('Al. 'l7\XE>.

from loeal taxes.

ships and counties .seeui‘e their i'e\'ei'iue

froni a different source. and the chief iii— ;
eentive to illegal valuation of propert_\' ‘
No prineiple of local selt'- .
grove’ tmient will sutler from this eliaii}_re, ,

will di-aappear.

but he state will ahandoii a elum.s_\'. in-
ettieient method of tax eolleetion for a het-
ter one: Speeitie taxes on eoi'poratioii.s.
}nliei'it:inee taxes. :1ndta.\es on natural ino-
nopolies. are l'(‘.t'()lIllll(:l1llc¢l as sourees for
state i":\'eiiue. while real estate and l.‘Ll]}_Tl-
hle persoiial propert_\' should he taxed h_\'
loeal _<_ro\'ernineiit.s alone. Mielii«_raii has
-.ilrea<l_v iiio.st of the iiiaeliiner_\' for this
‘plan in the speeitie tax laws hy whieli a

third of her revenue is at present raised.
l’eiins\'lvania uses the plan eoiiipletely.
and is eoneeded to have the. best tax law
in the union. lloth in theoi'_\' and in prae~
tiee. the separation of state froni local
taxes seems feasihle and proper.

Another reforin is etleeted when the tax-

in<_r oth'ee1- is mzidc1'esponsihle to the whole ;
i dist riet for wliieli he i'aises reveniie. l“.\'(-n
j with state taxes (,-liminated. there would

The niost widel_\’ and plaiisihle lll'g‘('il f
plan of reform is the .separation of state 5
Let the state get its ;
revenue from one souree and the towii- ‘I

he eonteiitions :tliionf_V townships. and he-

tweeii eit_\' wards and eounti'_\' townsliips. C

over the distrilaition of eonnt_\' taxes. un-

less the taxin,<_r otlieials eould he elected for 
' the whole ('(Hllll_\'. or hetter still. he ap— ?
pointed. Couiityassessingollieersai'ee\‘er_\'— 
where eoinnieiided in states wliei'e the s\'.s- ‘

tem pi‘e\'ails, and are fully endorsed hoth
hr students of taxation and praetieal men.

1 'lllie hest reeoninieiidation for any tax s_\'s»
‘ tem is that it r-an he helieved in. and no
tax reform is sueeessful that eannot he ei1— ~

doi'sed h_\' those who pa)’ the ta.\:e.s. It
was f()l'lIt(,‘l'l_\' said that the hest taxin_<_r s_\:sv

tem was one "hr whieli the geese were 
})lIlt‘l{(}(l with theleastainountot .sipial\'iiig. ‘

The lii.stor\f of taxes shows that the)’ \\‘(‘1'(‘
onee the produet of foi'ee————extoi'ted Froin
unwillin_«_r suhjeets. who developed _~_ri'eat

ingenuity in avoiding them. The modern ‘
; idea of taxes is that they are the eontrihu- ‘
I tions of citizens for the .support of <_ro\'ern-
inent. :l(‘t‘01‘(llll}_" to the ahilitv ot' eaeh to _
j pay. That. far from heinggaii uniniti«_rated
3, evil always to he slmnned. the_\' should he

eneoiii'a}_red. promoted. looked upon :is a
henetit in the sanie sense that while one
man‘s means would ;_ro but a short distain-e
in .s‘eelli'in}_' to him the hle.ssiii_<_:s of ei\‘iliza-

2 tion. the small eonti'ihution.s from IIl.‘U1_\'
citizens in the form of taxes will seeure V
these h|essin_«_r.s to all at a trilliiig eost to f
eaeh. ln this sense a tax lIl:l_\’ l>t‘1'(>llit‘ ‘

.,m.',. },(_.__1 l,.H.i,,.__, i,,H._\.1,m/.m if ,.pmp|\._ 3 eill7.t'li.s in e\'t'l'\' sense of the \\'()l‘<l.‘“ /'/vs.

eopiitahlv and properly enaeted.

To sum up these statements. our taxin_-_r E

>'.\'>‘lt‘lll is det'eeti\'e

l. li('(‘:tll.s(‘ it allows person.-il pl'H}H‘I'l‘\' .

to est-ape taxation.

3'». l‘»eeau.se ll proiiiotes tll.~llttlll‘>’l_\'.

The Student as a Citizen.
eoiitiiiiied froni page L‘.

eliaraeter. The eliaiiieterofacrowded hall

. is not the eliaraeter of any of its nieinhers.

So the student hody in any eolle<_»'e or uni~
yer-sitv town needs the hest t‘ll(*l"fl‘l('.s of all

‘ the people to eouiiteraet teiideneies to for-
‘ get the natural responsihilit_\‘ of a student
? as a eitizen of the eoiiiiiioiiwealth. File

dents tliemsel\‘es are upiiekest to see these
tendeneies: will lll(‘_\‘ he as «pin-l\' to use
their lllIll\'I<lll:ll eliaraeter :l}_T:llll.s‘l them!
Let us all help these youiitr }M‘U|>l0 U‘ ht‘
(dill.  /‘i//i/'1‘/1'/I/r/V‘ /-/I l\VI//IN!/.\' l/I////.\‘//‘/.1///l.\'/,

There May be Others, but-—
tiraftoii to. N. Y.. Feh. 2;‘. ‘W’-.

_ . . . :_ (). \\'. ln<_:ei'soll.
L’. l'ie(':ill.s‘e it ei1eoui'aj_re.sillegal \'aluation ‘

.of [)l'()]Jt‘l'l‘\'.

lli-:.\i: .\'ii:: \\'ill .sa.\’ that, ll:l\ll]1_" used

Q _\'ourpaint they are tar ahead of e\'t'l'.\'
5 other paint on the lI1:tl'l{|‘l. \\'hite Lead or

The most teasihle i'enied_\' siii_-‘}_v'<-sti--l isto 
separate state froin loeal ta.\e.s. and to-
inake the l:lXlllf_|’ otlieials eleetive eount_\' '
, otlieers. or still hetter. appointed ones.

mixed paints.
'l'rul_\' _\'oui'.s.
.\.\l \s\ lliL\"i‘oo.\'.

7 See adv. ln_<_rersoll's Liipiid lluhher l’aints.

Notice. 

Ami _»trhor. Mieh.. Sept. 2.0. 1*-IHI. 

The hooks of this otliee show at ;
this date the f(ill(i\\'ll]_‘_{ (ii*aii;_res'
aantitled to eleet dele}_rates to the
-z:ount_\' eon\'ention to he held on

l'uesda_\'_ ()etoher 0;_ INN}. h_\' \'ll'-
tueof seetion Ii. artiele I\ . h)'—l:i\\'.s
-of .\Iielii«_:an State (iran«_re.

\]1n,;;.-«iii. '_' rep. 7: ~ ‘Nu: itfito. it‘. «M4.
.~\nYrini.1rep.— ‘I1 .7I~. 47:»
Harry. 1 rep. 127.

Hrsnzie. 1 rep. Km.

.Herrien. ii rep. —v . ll. W. S1. N4. 12!. Hit. *1. Z‘»‘_‘.

7|)“. ~l.'l. 57. I23.

Hraiicli. ;‘ rr-p.——\s. am. £47. 137. 13:. 1:90}. 543. ~-‘-. luo.
'('eillionn. I rep.

(‘:is.s. 1 rep. ' H33.
'('linton. 1 rep. '

‘Jliarlevoix. 1

Eatoii. ‘_'rep.» __ .
'ti--iie.s1s‘ei-. 1 rep. 7.95541.
diraiizl 'l‘raver.se. 1 n~p.——2$7'.'. hilt. Iitiit.
A iratiot. i rep. :s*.~1.:‘.oo_.'»us. .'.l-1. ;‘..‘.:i.

Hillstlttli-. '3 rep. -WT. 11!‘. 1337, l\l. ‘J1’-t‘. 2714. I71.

L‘:'iL l“_’. '_’\ti.
Jlliron. 1 rep. ~til\ t'»I'»T. Ni‘.
.'u;:liuiii.1ri-p.——ll: . "

I1. I rep. ~ '
l-(‘L I I‘l'[¥.’

l.i\'iii;:. mi.  rep.
.VI.'iiii.stee. 1 rep. 7
lli-e,o.st:i. I rep. :.
’.\lmitcaliii.
)lu.skez:oii. . ..
.\l.-tvziygo. I rep
()(‘.l*.2\1lil. I rep.
-Uaklaiid. 1 rep.
()llfl,\\':l.l rep.

.\'.t. Flair. 1 rep.
St. -losepli. 1 re;

' «W. 1 rep.—

'. I rep.-~
.*'iii:v.\\"ri.s.s'r>(-.11‘:-ii. _ .
l‘u.seol.'i. 1 rep. .713.
Van liuren. '_' rep. ll
"Wu.-»liteii:i\\'. 1 rep. . .
‘1V'.-Lin... I mp, I :u‘.7_ ;;»'.s_n1s_o;:;:;. :'si-.

‘i\'r:s.ford. 1 rep. —~‘»‘.III.

l’>_\/»' the ll(‘f_"lt‘('l of some seereta—
ries, quite a niiniher of (iil':tI);_"t‘.~‘
stand now upon our hooks dis—
fraiieliised.

For the purposeof seeurii1;: reps
resentatives to all delinquent
-Gi'aii_«_re.s we shall add to the list all
that II]:l_\' report up to the last mo-
uient pi'aetieahle_, and dele}_rate.s
ululy elected. who at the eon\'en—
tion show a receipt for dues for the
quarter en<lin_g[ Mareh 31. l.\".N$. on
whieli is endorsed, “luiititled to
1'epre;sentation_.“ should he allowed
to partieipate in the work of the
«::onvention.

The following(irraiiges are delin-
qpient for the quarter ending .\Iai'<-h
31, lssui.

139.49.  mi. izii. 145. 150.226. 213. 241. zizisa. zim.
106. -I21. HF. 5211 I313. |i'_’.«l. 65H. til‘. 057:7. 03132. (566. t"»\t!.

Tlie followiii_«_r Gi'aii<_res are de-
linquent for the <lll1l1'tCI' ending
Deeeiiiher 31, 1.5545.

:58. 347. 417. 65o. 651:. (37.9.
J1-IN.\'lI‘1 Bri-21.1.,
bet-i'etar_\j.

 no. 13s. 1.30. :',.'..'y. vilo.

More Potash

in the fertilizers applied
on the farm means
larger and better yields
of’ crops, permanent
improvement of the
soil and

More Money

in the farmer’s pocket.

All about Potash—the results of its use
by actual experiment on the best farms in
the United States——is told in a little book
which we publish and will gladly mail free
to any farmer in America who will write
to: it

GERMAN KALI WORKS,
93 Nassau SL, New York.

/+z8t2S88%388St28S88S8888t2S88§88S88S88c‘§8

%
E
Q
s
as

Sheet.

F‘

88S88S88S88$8Z2::

F‘

:I.=_.I3. EAGLE

68 and 70 Wabash Ave.

Don’t Buy
...Anything...

You'll pay too much if you do, unless you consult OUR
.:\\A.\li\lOTH CATALOGUE for F2111 and Winter of lt’i‘)(j» and 11397
You will be amazed at the prices we quote on everythiiig.

NEVER BEFORE
WERE PRICES SO LOW.

We have thoroughly revised every dcpartinent and quote the
lowest prices in Dry Goods, Laces, Ribbons, Trimmiiigs, Gloves,
Hosiery, Shawls, Corsets, Notions, Curtains, Wall Paper, Underwear,
Cloaks, Carpets, Furs, Clothing, Mackintoshes, Millinery, Hzits,Shoes,
Clocks, Watches. Jewelry, Silverware, Books, Rubber Goods, .\lusic—
al lnstrumcnts, Saddles, Hzirness,Tents, Brushes,Toys, Pipes, Guns,
and Sporting Goods, Fishing Tackle, Seines, Crockery, Tinwarc,
Stoves, Hardware, Tools, Baby Carriages, Trunks, Buggies, Wagons,
Blacksmith Tools, Scales, Pumps, Agricultural implements, etc, etc.

READY TO MAIL SEPTEMBER 25.

Send 10 cents to partly pay postage and we will send it FREE
with our complete Grocery List, Sheet Music Catalogue and Fashion

88S8 §§§

i

I.

& CO.

Chicago, llls.


THE GRANGE VISITOR.

OCTOBER 1, 1896.

Qallege and Station

Statistics of the Dairy.

By I'I.(3I._|I".)‘ E. .\_lv,or.l. (‘. E.. ('hief of the Dairy
Division, L . S. Department .-\LfI‘ICl]IIlll‘l'
in Bulletin of Dcpartnient.

OBJI-Z(7T ANI) I’Ul{I'().\'Ii HI“ TIIIC l)I\'I-
.\'I().\'.

The order establishing the llairy
division in the lhireau of Animal
Indiistr__v in the United States l)e-
partment of Agriculture, to coin-
iiience operations July 1. l.s".l;3,
prescribes that “the object and
purpose of this division will be to

cows in cities. towns, and villages,
and those owned by residents on
small suburban lots. Many large
iiiilk-producing herds kept in town
and city stables would belong to
this excluded class. The total
number of cow:s actually owned in
the United States. but not included
in the census tables. must be very
large. probably exceeding a half
million. There is no basis for any
close estimate of the number of
tliese animals. or of thequantity
-and value of their dairy products.

RI-iI..-\TI\‘I*I I.\lI’()I{TA.\'('I‘I

I).-\ 1 KY .

1 )1" 'l‘ I I I1

collect and disseminate information _

i'elating to the dairy industry of
the United States, in such manner
and to such extent as may be
deemed most expedient and bene-
ficial.”

Information bearing upon dairy-
ing will be gathered from all i'cli-
able sources available. and classi-
fied and arranged at this office for
future use. It is proposed to pre-
pare publications of three classes:
(1) Leaflets upon points in dairy
practice, farm dairying, co-oper-

ative effort, organization, equip-3‘

In a classificatioii of the various
,' annual farm productsof the country
by values, meats and closely re-
lated products stand first in order.
ithc corn crop second. dairy pro-
ldllcts‘ and the hay crop alternate in
‘the third and fourth places, and
. wheat occupies the fifth. Hay and
Lcorn ai'e so largely tributary to the
‘;dairy. as raw materials for its sup-
lport, that it is fair to place dairy
jproducts as second only to meat
lproducts in the general list.
l

i«:s'i‘i.\i.x'i‘i-: ror. l\‘.~.3.

ment, and inanagement of cream-Q

eries
facilities for transportation and
marketing; (2) bulletins upondairy
topics, somewhat more extended.
giving latest information and most
improved methods gathered at home
and abroad from expert dairyinen,
creamcries, oi'_gaiii'/.ations. and the
experiment stations and dairy
schools; also. as to condition.

changes. and needs of the dairy

markets; (3) reports upon the re
sults of special inqiiiries and in-
vestigations.

Among the subjects which will
receive early attention and i'eqiiii'e
considerable time are these: (1)
The condition and demands of
domestic markets for dairy prod-

nets; (:2) the milk trade: pi‘odl1c—.
andi
) imitations and substi—:

tion and service for cities
-)

towns; (‘.-.

and cheese factories, and?

At the close of the year 15‘il:'> the
lcows which may be properly i'e-
lgarded as dairy animals constitute

about one-third of all the neat cattle
. in the United States_ and are about
, 1T.ol no,ooo in number. l)ividing
‘these roughl_v according to their
principal products. it may be con-
sidered that ll.ooo,ol)o cows are
priinaril_v butter producers, 1,1 H NJ,-
ooo cows produce all our cheese,
and the milk from 5,lWO.lHHI cows
‘is consumed by the families of

their owners, or on the farnis where
l produced. or is sold to be con-
,,s-unied as_inilk. fresh or condensed.
g I‘hcse estiiiiates with products and
‘,values added. may be tabulated as
, follows:

I
i
I
I
i
I
I
I

tutes for dairy products: and (4):

the number and
piire-bred dairy cattle and
grades, with their effects
products and markets.

Asa basis for intelligent work
in the various lines indicated. it
became necessary to gather and
arrange the general facts as to
dairying in statistical form. This

of

bulletin has resulted from that en-'-

deavor.

NI‘).-\'I' (‘A'I‘TI.I~I ON I{AN(:‘I-IS.

Most of the agricultural statistics
of the census were gathered from
farms, and this excluded the wide
western areas or “range country.“
carrying some millions of neat
cattle. These “cattle on ranges"
were enumerated or closely estimat-
ed and separately reported. They
numbered in all (5,‘2.\':'),‘_’0(l, distrib-
uted tlirough ten states and terri-
tories, as shown by the table.
very insignificant part of these
animals could be properly called
milch cows or dairy cows. and con-
sequently the omission of these
range cattle from the general
tables has no appreciable effect
upon the statistics of the dair_v.

cows ox i-1-\i<.\is .\'()T
(‘A'I"l‘I.l~2.

ALI. ll.-\Il{Y

The state of Tex-.is has a little
more than 1,ooo,ooo cows reported
on farins. and of its range cattle
about T5ll.WH are cows. It is alto-
gether probable that the larger
pai't of these Texas cows "on
fariiis" are beef-breediiig animals
as truly as those on ranges, and
ought not to be included in the
milch cows of the country. Table
III shows the average animal milk
product per cow to be 315 gallons

‘for the whole United States, and

11.5‘ gallons for Texas.

cows in some other states, but these

would be comparatively few in the‘

aggregate.
probable error the total number of
milch cows in
should
million. This would raise the
average product per cow consider-
ably.
computation, however, is to use
the figures of the census as they
are given.

(‘O\\‘.\' IN CITIES, 'I'O\\'I\'S AND VII.-

LAGES.

For census purposes the f-.irm
was fixed at a niiniiiiuni area. of
three acres, and hence the enumer-
ation was omitted of all domestic
animals held l)y occupants of
smaller areas. This excluded all

upon ‘

it

The saine.
remarks apply to portions of thc‘

Upon this basis of‘
the United Statesi

be reduced at least half :1:

The only safe course in any»

distribution of” I3

ll Butter.
1 ('liocse
.3 Milk... .

so lbs

.>Ul.;al1.§:' ooo.Uoogal 9 1. i..»x):ooo

This gives the grand total value
of the dairy products of the
country as -‘}45l,S)oI),ool). If to this
be added the skim milk, butter-
milk and whey, at their proper
feeding value, and the calves
yearly dropped, the annual aggre-
gate value of the products of our
dairy cows exceed $5l)l>.lIllH,ll0l).
This is regarded as a conservative
estimate, and does not include the
manure product. which has a very
large but quite uncertain value.

If the value, per head. estimated
‘for cows in this country, viz., $222
to $25, is accepted. these animals
produce nearly 5H per cent more
than their own value. annually.
But there is an old farm rule,
\vliicli has reasonable basis. that a
cow is worth whatever she will
produce in a year, including her
calf. At this rate the average value
of the dairy cow in the United
States must be about $319.

, The foregoing estiinates are

based upon an average yield of
3.30 gallons. or about 3.1M >0 pounds
of milk yearly by each cow.
This is rather more than shown by
,l.llL’ census tables. but those exclude
jthe large m1iiibei' of town cows,
;which would iuaterially raise the
l:iveragemilk product. This rate
lof yield provides for butter and
;checse product estimated and for
lcoiisiiiiiptioii. besides the skim milk
yand buttermilk residue from the
l butter cows, about '_’.')._'. gallons of
lwhole milk pei',annuin per capita
lof our population. Two hundred
{and twenty pounds of milk for 303.‘;
1days (rather more than one—half
pint a day) is by no iiieans an ex-
.ccssive allowance. but inany people
do not. in fact, approacli that rate

, of consumption.
‘.\‘i-:i-:i>i«:i> l)ll’l:<)\'l-1.\ll~I.\"l‘
('A'l"I‘I.l-1.

I.\‘ DAIRY

Assuming that the diflereiit prod-
ucts of the ave ‘age dairy cow in
America do not exceed much, if at
all. the foregoing estimates, it is
evident that the average cow of the
country is far below a standard
which is desirable and entirely
practicable. The tables show that
there has been a gradual improve-
ment in the average cow product,
especially during the last two or
tliree decades. But the progress is
by far too slow.

A very good animal average yield
of milk is .3,(JOl) pounds, instead of
3,000, and 200 to 225 pounds of

butter

pounds.
plain, practical farm fashion attain
still better results. There are inan-

per cow,

ifestly many cows in the country, '

probably some millions, that do
not prozluce the value of their an-
nual cost, however cheap and
wastefully poor their keeping iii:iy
be. It is apparent that if but two
cows were kept, of the siiggested
standard of production. in place of
every three of the existing avcragc
quality. the aggrcg:ite products of
the dairy lll(lll.~ll‘_\' of the country
would be increased more than lI>
per cent. while the aggregate cost
to their owners ought to be less.
and probably would be.

Every possible influence should
be exerted to induce dairy farincrs

to weed out their herds and keep‘

At

fewer cows and better ones.

least, the avcragc quality of cows;
kept for dairy purposes should be"

brought up to a respectable and
profitable standard. For the pres-
ent the cow owner may reasonably
require something ove1' 2 gallons
of milk per day for four months,
then :3 gallons a day for the next
four, and at least two months more
in milk during the year, with con-
stantly decreasing yield. This pro-
vides for an annual average yield
of 5.1""? pounds of milk, or about
.375 gallons, which is a fair ideal
standard for the dairy cow in the
United States.

Seed Distribution, 1896—’97

The act making appropriations
for the I)epartiiis,-iit of Agriculture
for the fiscal year ending June f’ll.
INHT, appropriates -i415o,< ll )0 for the
purchase and distribution of valu-
able seeds. As interpreted by the
Attorney (ieneral. in an opinion
addressed to the Set-i'etai'y' of Agri-
culture dated June Bo, 15:96, this
act requires that the Secretary of
Agriculture shall purchase “seeds
prepared for distribution" to the
amount of $l30,lNNI and no less.
He is authorized to purchase these
seeds at public or private sale. as
may be most advantageous for the
government.

The same act changes the statute
which defines the kind of seed to
be purchased so that it now reads
as follows:

51-:o. 5_T.—Th-at. the purchase and dis—
ttibution of vegetable. field,and flower
seeds, plants. shrubs, vines. bulbs, and
cuttings, shall be of the freshest and
best obtainable varieties and adapted
to general cultivation.

It will be seen, therefore, that
only $‘_’.I.l,HU1) is available for the
fiscal year ending June 34>, 18197,
for the purchase of trees, shrubs.
vines, cuttings, and plants. and for
all the contingent expenses of dis-
tribution by the llepatrment of Ag-
riculture. In fact the whole of
this amount will be required for
tlie contingent expenses, so that
there will be no funds available for
anything else.

In order to secure the best seeds,
adapted to the different sections of
the country. and to facilitate their
rapid and convenient distribution,
the country was divided into six
sections. according to agricultural
and liorticultural conditions, as fol-
lows. The sections are enumerated
in the order in which the distribu-
tion will be made, since the act re-
quires that the seed shall be dis-
tributed to the more southern lati-
tudes first:
i\'wr<f/«m l—South Atlantic States.
.,\'n"f/an .3-—Soutliwestern States.
.\'wr'f/rm -1—I’acific and Rocky .\lt.

States.

Nzxrri/rm ,§.—.\Ii<ldlc-\Vestern States.
.\'«z«'f/rm -7 liastcrii >,'t.atcs.
.\'«r//rm /;'—Nortliwesterii States.

The $lI}H,UIIH was so divided as
to allow an equal amount (-"$'2~\\‘..\“.I)
to each congressioiial district and

to each senator and tei'i'itorial dcle- ,

gate in congress. The amount of
money allotted to each section was,

therefore. 5*"_'.\'s'..s£l multiplied by,

its coiigressioiial i'epreseiitatioii.

The list of flower. field. and vcg- .
ctable seeds adapted to these sec—3

tions were prepared in conference

with the oflicers of experiment sta- ,

tions and other experts in the re-
spective sections and a circular ex-
plaining the requirenieiits of the
department was sent to all the seed
houses in the country.

The lists of flower seeds and of
field seeds and the amounts of each
kind were fixed, and ‘each seeds-
man was invited to state the num-
ber of papers of vegetable seeds he
would supply, in addition to the
required flower and field seeds. for
the amount of ‘money allotted to
each section.

instead of 125:
Many herds kept in a:

, I‘lnr.'\ '
Lad; .

‘ ()\‘i-i‘>'cci' ~51. ‘l
‘ Lcctiircr

.(‘liaplain Mary .- . ' ' ‘

A large number of proposals
were submitted. including manv of
the largest and most reputable
j-seed houses in the country. The
bids differed in the ainounts
charged for the required flower
and field seeds and particularlv
in the number of papers of veget-
able seed ofl'ci‘cd for thc moncv
allotted. The amountof money
being fixed. the p1'opos:ils had to
be carefully coiisidcrcd and coin-
parcdas to thequantity and quality
of the seed offered for thc iiioiicv.

The members of the comniittcc
to which was assigned the duty of
making these comp:ii'isons were

instructed to rate the proposals on

the following basis: First. as to
the character and variety of the

seed: second. as to the ability of 3'»
tlic bidders to lioucstly. thoroughly, 1
and efficiently fulfill tlicircontracts: . "
and. third. as to thc number of?

packets of vegetable seeds oflcrcd
glthe flower and field secds being
sfixcd quantities).
were iiiadc. and the

each section to receive the contract

the Actiiig Secretary of Agricul-
ture. with one slight iuodification.
and ai'e as follows:

South Atlantic Stute.~‘——T. W. Wood ik Sons.
Richmond. Va.

.\'oiitliwestcrn States — Ullatlioriic
Meinpliis. Tenn.

Pacific .\‘iates—v.\‘ot yet awarded.)

Midills--Western Statc.~~— John A. Salzer Sr-cd ('o.
La(‘rossc. Wis.

l‘:£|>';)l'I‘l| States’-\V. Atlce liiirpec. Pliilarlo-lphia.

Sci-ll ('o..

IULI.

l’i'oposals from the I’acific Coast
secdsinen having failed to arrive in
time for consideration. the award
for the l’acific and Rocky .\loun-
t:iin section has been iiecessarily
delayed. It is not possible to give
exactly the total number of
packets of seeds which will be
distributcd, but estimating the
Pacific section on the basis of tlic
aniounts purchased in other sec-

toi'ial Delegate in Congress will
have at his disposal (after deducting
one-third allotted by la.w to the
Secretary of Agriculture) nearly
.31 noon packets of seeds, or about
twice as many as last year. The
amount expendedfor seed last year
was $h'l|,5lN>: it will be seen there-
fore that the l)epartment has this
year secured twice  much seed,
of greater variety, for consider-
ablyless than twice as much
money as last year. Even
this comparison, however, is not
adequate since all the field seed
distributed this year (except to-
bacco) will be in quart packages.
whereas last year noquart packages
of any kind were distributed. This
improved showing is due to the
longer time allowed this year for
making the contracts, and to the
adoption of the above plan of sub-
division into sections.

OFFICIAL DIRECTOI2;

Oflict-rs Nat ional GI‘-.IIi;;t-.

Master‘ J. H. Hrigliaiu.... .. .....lJi-lta. Ohio
()vcr.<i-or ~Aaron Joni-. uth Iii-ml. lndiuiia
Lecturer——.\lplia Illcss 
.\‘ti-\vai'd —.. .John T. (‘ox
Ass't Stewa Ni-wcoinh. . . ('olorailo
(‘haplain —O. H. Halo . . . . . . . . .. 'cw York
‘l'ri-asiin-r »l\lrs. Eva l\lcI)ow«-ll . . . . . . ..'cw York
Sc-cretar_v—Joliii Trimbh-.....Wa~him.:1on. I). (‘.
(late Kocpcr -— W. Ii. I'Iai'bain;|i.  ....Mi.-souri
('1-res — .\lrs. Ln(‘_v(i. .‘lH|lYlI.... .. ..
Pomona —.\l ‘ '. Baird-

‘ M E. l_.. A. Wi;.'Lriii.. .

\'i-\v J4-rs:-y

....\Iaini-

Hxcciitivc (foiiiiiiilfee.

Leonard Rhone . . . . ..(
-.\'. .I. liElClIl"llll*l'....

‘cntcr

Uffici-i's‘ f\IiclIi;;:IIi Slate (ir:nigc.
Muster — (3. li. ‘ll:

( (

Jason \VHINllll&lIl.

Sf:-\\';ii':l -(ii-orgc L. ('arli

.-\s.~i.-taut .“~tc\\'aril J. H. Martii
Rapiuls.

»rfon..........  ‘

Iil

Tr:-asur--r —l-I. .\. Sfromz.
Hi-(‘iw-f:ii',\' —.ln-nuic But-ll . . ..
(into Km-pl-i‘ \\'illi.'im llobc .
(‘crcs —-)lrs. .\I:iry Kobcrfson.
Flora’--.\l tclla Bur-ll .. ...
Pl>l]H1Iltl' . Julia )Ic(‘lnr: .
L. .l. St»-\\'ai‘d— Mrs. A. l\lai'tiii..

.\'ick.-burl:
.\nn .\rbor

.Union (‘if_v
..\‘ - '

I~ZxH-lifive (Toniuiiftm-.

W. li. Wri-_'|it.... ..  .. ..
H. I).LI’latt 
(‘.('. u‘-..... .
.I’or'r,v .\l;iio.... ..  .. .  .. .Battln (‘rt-ck
F. W. Ru-rll'u,-rii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .I\Iaplc Rapids
Et.K.PI[)ll\'llll‘... ..  ..............flHolly.
I..\. I3   HISII’
on B. nilf:i.ii «_ Ex Um“, y . .Fruit Kliildii
Jennie But-ll l ‘ . . . . . . . ..\nnArhor
Connnittee \\'ni'k

..... . . Ypsilanti
._( 'oldwarcr

“'oin2ui‘s in the
Gl‘flllg€.

Mrs. Mary A. Iilayo. . ..  .. ... ..
Mrs. Mary .\'hcrwood Hinds... ..

(DII

General Deputy Lecturers.

Mary A. Mayo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Battle (‘reek
Hon. J. J. \\'oodiiian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PaW Paw
Hon. (‘. G. Luce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . ..(‘oldwater
Hon. Perry Ma)'o.... .. .. .. .Batfle (‘reek
Hon. Thoinas Mars.. .Beri'ien (‘enter
Jason Woodiiian..  .. .Paw Paw
almer....    ......Kalkaska

. . Rams-dell. . ..Ti-averse (‘-ity
Buell.... .. .     ..Union (‘ity
County Deputies.

D. H. Stebbiiis . . . . . . . . . . . ..-‘ifwood. Anfrim
. (‘. Root . . . . . .. . . ..Allegan. Allegan

. B. Reynolds... .. ..Inland. Benzie
eorge Bowser.. ..  .. .Dowling. Barry
. L. Smith . . . . . . . . . ..Girard P. 0. Branch

. Y. (‘lark . . . . . . . . . . . ..Buchanan. Berrien

Co.
..
H
H
{I
It

~ J. “U Ennest . . . . . . . . . . . . ..\‘r. Jolins. (‘lint-rn

These ratings l
committee‘

from that section. These recom—;
mendations have been approved by 1

a.
NorMi_\\'cstn-rii Stat:-s —L. L. i\Iay.k('o.. Hf. l’aul. I

tions, it is safe to say that each;
Senator, ltepresentativc and Terri-



.l{o<'ln-st»-r. Vt 

It

l

....(lhlo‘
.Iiiiii1-sofa 3

l\Il'.s..\‘.(i. k..1L{£f'I...\\'.\'..g

Hall. I’ciiii.syl\'2iliia
. .. ._Ncw II£lIll[u.~lllI‘l-:
‘J. J. Woodman........  .. l’a\v I’a\v. i\lichi;.'an§

.Kalk:i~kzi
ix, llif.(il‘:lll(l,
liattlo (‘rm-1-k ',

.. llcspi-i'ia,
... .l‘li-spcria‘
.' -.-(il’A2l‘llll'I\‘(i[il'lS

.. . ....('oldwull-r

l Manufaci urcrs of

Mary A. .\la_\o.. .. Battle (‘rcnk-. (‘alhoun
E. 8. Ward . . . . . . . . (liarlcvoix. (‘harlevoix
James I}. .\Iann...
F. H. 0.-horn.....
W. H. I’In\'t*t“..... _.
B. Turnv>r.... . . .. ..
E. O. Lailil.  ..
S. E. I‘Ia'<lll£ll(‘)

(irand ’l‘ra\'i-r.-ix ('ity
..South ('aiii<lv-ii. l*Iill.~-lal-*
 ..-I<>I|t’$\'llIt‘. “

Sand B(‘:l(‘ll. Huron

. ..('li:iiidlcr. Ionizi

ll(‘lll)llI‘2. lll'.!ll:\Ill

. .II:iiiover. .Incksoii

l‘ortaL'c. Kailninazoo

.. .Ilo('kforil. Kent

':ilka.-kn. Kalkaska

uri h Branch. I4i\[H‘l'I'

Frr-d I)--an liri-_:hton. Liviiuzs-toii

E. \V. .\llis.. lelrian. Lciiznvcc

Jacob I‘III>‘I‘ll. ... . _ _ _ . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . ..I{l¢.:z .

(icoruc H. Lcstcr . . . . . . . ,('r_\‘.-

I). R. Van \II|l)t‘I‘LZ. ..

Frank I‘. Upton 
J. S. 1.‘

ta1..\lontc:ilin
.li(‘1ll" Luk:-. .\laiiish-o
.ls’iu Rapiils. .\In‘(‘u~Hl
. . . . . ..l>i.-co. .\I:icoinb
.. Flat Rock. .\Iniiroo
.. ....loorz-laml. .‘I|l.~l(t‘LY'>ll
'. ‘V. l'arl-'r.... .  .. \>lIl2lllll. .\':-wa_\i:o
-\. .I. (‘ro.-lay  ..  ...\'p-iluilti. (la 
.\';iiiiuz-l .\'t:uiffi-r  __
W. F " .
o'l‘llIIll. .\'liia\va
..  ....\voca. .\‘t.(‘ ir
....(‘:-iitl-i'vill--. Si. .I1i<v\[ill
. .l§irch Run. .\‘.-uziiiaw
I‘:1I.~l I-‘rcmout. .\‘unilac
.... ...I.2i\\'I‘t‘Il(‘l’. Van l~’.urv~n
 .. l‘L\’inouili. W:i}nc
Vpsilqiiiti. \\'.'i~l ‘
.. .... ..l‘:i:lill:Ic. \\' .-'
. .Ili-.-in-ria. Nu-\.. yzo

Ilur-l .. 

.\. .\Icl)oul.:al

R. (‘. Norris ,
1, Mar)‘ Robert-on

recoinincnded one firm in or near‘

l - . .
,1 Revised List of Grange Supplies
KI-pt in the oflicc of .\‘»»r'_v of tho

: Michigan State Grange

And sent out post-paid on r»-coipt of rash order.
ovi>r_flu- Si-ill of ;i .\'iibordiiiuti- Iiréllufl‘. and
tho .~ii:ii:iturc of its .\lu~i«-r or .\'2-cro-t;ii'y.

I“or('clain ballot iuarbl:-s. IVPI‘ liiinulrod. 

Seer--tar,\".~ li'll|..'l‘l".  .. ... ..  .

.\‘r-crcI:ir_\"s l'I'(‘(II'll.... ..  . ... . .

'I‘rca.<uri-r's ordcrs. bound. por hundrod . . ..

St-crctary'.~ receipts for dun-s. [>1-I‘ hnndrn-d.

"I‘rn~a.~urcr'.s I‘l‘(‘l'i[>t~ for dnc.-. [H‘I' hundr--d..

.—\pplicalioiis for lI|('Il|lH'l'~'lIl[I. pi-r Iiuinlrn--l

Withdrawal card-. por doz.-n _ , . , , , , ,, _,

, l)oinits. in I'Il\‘l‘I4I

1:

"(ilad lficlim-.4." with lllll~l
‘_’:'ic:p<-rilozv-ii._....    ii‘
(iranizu .\Ii-lodi:-.-. , tor: ‘ls-rdoz. 4
tlpcniiig Song ('ard _ 4-;[(‘l1. .'.cp:-r.'lII:lHIl1 2.
Rifu2ils.7lhi-IlitionI\vitliroinbinu>ililouiw-i-s.»
‘.’:'icc:lclu:pi-rdoz:-n._..   
Rit1lul.~.:-will cl:-gr:-1'. st-l ofiiiiic. . .  
Ritiials. «IllVt‘lllll‘. r‘IIlL'It* copy . _ . . . . . . . . ..
Notice to ilclinqiiciit iii:-inli:-i's. pi-i ll“. ...
.\mcri('an .\Iamial of l’arliainu-nfar_v I.aw..
lligcst of Laws and ltulimis . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Roll hooks   , _ ,
Saiiiple pa ll!‘ (‘U~4I[>l'Y‘.'lllV(‘llI\'I‘1IY|lh-....
Kclle_v‘.-* Ili.-‘tory of lln- (il‘il|ll.,'4'_ .,..... .... T5
\Vriti- for prices on uolll pins. baulgu-s. work-
ing tools. stall‘ inouniiiuzs -als. ballot boxes
and any other (iruiigc so;-pi .\d:lr~~~~
Miss. -' .\'lF. liri;i.i,.
\iin Arbor. Mich.

I

THE BEST
-FAMILY MEDICINE

She Has Ever Known. Words of Praise
from a New York Lady for

AYER’S PILLS

" I would like to add my tcstiinony to
that of others who have used Aycr'.~«i
Pills, and to say that I havc takcii them
for inan_v years, and always dc-rived the
best rcsults from lhcir use. For stom-
ach and ll\'(-i'tl‘ol1l;ls*.s‘, and for the cum
of lii-inlaclle causcd by flu-so dcran'_{-:-
nieiits, Ayer's l‘ills cannot In: cqiialed.

‘Vin-ii my fricnds risk inc what is the
best l‘('lll4'll_\‘ for clisl-i'«lci's of that stoni-
ach, livcr, or my invariablc
uiisw:-r is. Ayci“s l’ill<. Taltwii iu smi-
soii, thcy will lIl‘l'5ll{ up :1, cold. p1‘r‘\'4'HT
la gripp.-, l'llt‘(‘l{ fcvvr. and rcgiilate the
Iligcstivc org:liis. Thcy are vasy tn
tlll(l‘.:tl|1l£ll'(‘. lll(l(‘l'll.Ill(' lws‘t.;Ill~l‘HIlllIl
fainily liic'tll4'ilIl- I b:ivi- I'\'l'l' kno\vii."~
I\lrs. .\l_\v .loii.Vso.\‘, ::1'.s‘ liidrr .\\'l'llllI5,
l\‘c\v York City.

AYER’S PILLS

Highest Honors at World’s Fair.

l.o\v»~l~,

llyei-‘s Sfirsapaiillaitiiiiiesjl Bloodflnisurders.

S ta ii 1 0 ll.
-.\1ich.

Horse Furnishings.

-Hand Made Harness co.,

and Dealers in

See what good people say of our harness
and send for catalogrue.
Master-‘s Ollicc. Miciiiiran State Grange u
Fruit Ridge. .Ianuar_v ltl. lfillti. 1'
The Hand Made Harness Co.. Stanton Mich.
Dear airs: The five sets of harness bought
of you by members of our local grunge are
entirely satisfactory and I can safely recom-
mend your harness as lieiiig first-class inqual-
ity of leather and workiiiansnip.
Geo. B. Horton.

4 7
 FOR SALE 

At reasonable prices. a choice selection of
April an(I May Poland(‘liina pigs. (‘an furnish
pairs. Pedigree with sale. 0. P. (‘ (‘or-
respondence solicited and communications
promptly answered.

JOHN BOWDITCI-1,

Hillsdale, Mich.


«P

OCTOBER 1, 1896.

THE GRANGE VISITOR.

ATRONS’

PATRONS’ PAINT WORKS have sold lngersoll Paint to the
Order P. of H. since its organization.

House Paints and Cheap

Paints for Barns and Outbuildings. 10,000 Farmers testify to their

merits.

Grange Halls. Churches. School Houses, Dwellings. all over the land-

some of them painted 1:‘: years ago. still looking well, prove thetn the most

durable.

NT

MICHIGAN I-’ATROXV'S“Buy direct
from Factory" at tun wholesale
Prices and save all Middlemeiret

Profits.

0. W. INGERSOLL. PROP.

Oltlest Paint House in America.

241-243 Plymouth st.. Brooklyn.

W

once.

ORKS.

Ingersoll ’s Liquid Rubber Paints

lndestrtirttlile Cottage and Barn Pnliits

' iample Color Card.-4, “Cullfitlellllfll” Grange I)ia(-ounts, Ea-
tlmates and fun p8.l'll(‘llI1\r~‘

.\I.\II.EI) FREE. \Vrite at

_;J/

covvlucur, nu. II‘ mun-I II.

Kathleen llcssletzravc. a pretty voting l-‘.iiiz- :
lish artist,aiid Arnold Willoutri y.a liolie-,
niian amateur. meet casually at the ltoyal ‘
academy gallery in liondon. 'I‘li.- .iold uiu-:
tual views upon art and upon the; upldity of V
the judges. who have rejected thei pictures.
Rufus .\lortiuier. a rich Amer’ ti let. joins i
them. He is a friend of the Hes ... arcs and
is surprised to mid Katlilecn in the company 3
of Willouirhby. whom she knows Eli .c0tntii0ii ‘
sailor dabbling in art. (III.-‘U’l'EIt l~Kat.li- .
lecti lives with her itiother ui fashionable lodiz- :
ings. The aristocracy visit iht‘l'L*.. and one day .
at a l‘F.‘(:t:pLl<)ll the coinpativ discuss the rn_v.~'- ‘
lery of y--uni: Earl Axminster, who has lled ;
the country disirtii.-:t.-ti a sit sailor. Canon \'alcn- '
tine. the lioti 01' the party, thinks the aristo- ,
racy of England is well rid of liitti. His habits i
are too good. lll~Willouglih_v is the earl. He.
is stranded by the falltireoi the ]ll<‘Illl‘l‘. tc-I
l'u.=(>-s help frnlil Mortiitier and got.-s to sea to ?
earn tiioncy to continue the st udy oi art. I\'
Nlortitncrpuisues Katlilt-cti on lovt-‘s «pic.-st..
She likes him and with dittit.-ulty holds him o .
V— Mortimer. Willoiitrliliy and the Hcs.~'lt--
graves meet in Venice. Mrs. I{css.le«.rt'avc is
alarmed at K-athIeeti's eiitlitisiasiu over the
sailor painter and his works. Vland \'II—
The younir artists roam throuizh rottiantit: old
palaces totretlicr. \\ illou;.rhhy a guest at
Kathleen's home. The in eiueii halt‘ reveals
her love for hini.and hoih cotifcss to them-
selves that they are Ill lovc. VIII and IX-~
Mortitiicr proposes and disteovcrs Katlileeirs
passion for \\‘ilIouizhb_\'. .\' ijatioti Valen-
tine appcai rs in Venice with the ti-.-ws that the
missing earl has been traced and has perished
in the sliipwrt-ck. He t'ecopriii'/.t-s Willouirhliy
on sight. but promptly denies it. .\’I"K9.IIl'
leeii admits to her mother that she is certain
of the identity of Willouithliv with the inissini;
earl. but will preserve the secret for her lov-
er's sake. .\Il—.\lrs. llesscli.-mvv finds the
secret ton gt;-id to keep. tells Willoiiirlihy that
l\'zitlilt-en knows it, and lie it-.-tvi-.~' her house in
amrer. .\'lll —-ivilloughl-y nhatidons Venice
sudtlenl_\ \\'lI‘ilHlI L"l\'lnfi! Kathleen M chance to
explain XIV l‘»u-liainciit dI'l.'lil!‘(‘SIllO llllS.~lI'li.'
earl ()fl‘l('.|l|II) di-ml and settles the lnh(’I'Ii8l](3(‘.
on a tiisxu-..: l‘l'llIIl\'(‘. Willoughv resolves not
to contest it. as he prefers to he taken by the
world at his ".Vlarket Valiit-.“ .\'\'~(.anon
Valentine and Mrs. H(‘.S.~(*IKl‘iI\‘U die. thus
lt-avin:.- \\"illoii::lib_v's secret iituzul-ss-ed ex-
cept o_v Katlilecn. The reiiiaitiuig chsiptcrs
show how Willoualihy keepsto his purpose.
He is f~’lll]l\\’r(‘Cl\‘(’(.I and l'Dt|I{('l~’ it hit in liter-
ature. through which Mtirtitiicr Iraces hini.
Mortiuier has proniiscd to find hint for Katlid
leen and proves t-~ him that Kathleen loved
him heforeslie km-iv lll.s real character and
has loved him lhl">ll:_'Il all. He scores a scouti-
literary success and niitrrics Kathlet n. but rc-
iioutices all claims to his earldtini.

CHAPTER XXIX.
.-\t:xoi.li‘.~' .\lA.s'l‘i-.‘l:Hl«;«'E.

oi‘ li.-ird fare and occasions
~ .22: that winter at Vi-iiice wa‘
.,r .\rool«‘.. For l\’:ithlccn in
- .<.-iw.-zit h Iicavoti. Every
j:lEl'\,' gold, lurwoiiieii ul'(‘lltf‘
like iii:-ii in th-. lr lIi\‘t‘\ If a iiiau‘.< cu-
gugctl. hc piiics and frets to gel iti:irrie(l.,
He sees a ;.:o:il 4-vs-,r llv.‘('l<LIIIllllg him for E
ward. \\'li:-i-t-as if a woinztirs i-ii_-_-.-lg:-t
she is uniply .<:tti.si'ie«l to sit down in peace
with her lover by her side ‘to see him anti
to talk with him. That fciiiiniiie joy l\':'tt.li-
lcen tlraiik to the full llll‘Ull;.(ll one dz-li-
cious winter. \Vliat. niattl-r to her that
perliap.< at the end of it _—\rnold's pro_j¢-cte.-i
book uiiglit prove a tlistiial failure-—ii:
which t-:i.~.c. of cotirse, they would he
pIUll,‘.{t‘(l once more into ulmust as pt-ol'ouiit.'
(IllIlL'lllll(’S and doubts as ever? Mt-atiwliile
she had Arnold. She lived in the preseiit.
as is the wont of \\'(J1llt‘ll, and she (‘Ilj(l)‘l’.li
the present at great tlcul too much to lu- st».
riously alarmed for that phtiiitoiii, the fu-
ture. Besides, she had such absolute con-
fidence in Arnoldl She knew he could
write soitietliitig ten thousand tiiiie-.~: bcttet
than the “l*Ili7.abethan Seallogf’ Tliaf,
after all, was a mere tale of advciiturc,
well suited to the grown upchildish tastt
of the passiiig nioinent. .\i'noltl'.~i novel.
she felt certain, would be ever so muc}:
more noble and elevated in kind. Must
not a man like Arnold, who had sccii and
passed through so niatiy tiliiiscs. who h.-it‘
known all the varied turns and tivists ol
life from the highest to the lowc:-it, wht
had lived and tlioiiglit; and felt. and acted,
be able to produce seine work of art fai
finer and truer and more filling to the
brain than Master John Collingli.-ini. the
ignorant bully of an obscure village in
I-Elizabethan Norfolk? To be sure, Arnold,
more justly conscious of his owti power:
and his own failings. warned her not tc
place her ardent. hopes too high, not tc
credit him with literary gifts he didn't
possess, and above all not to suppose that
knowledge or power or thought or experi-
ence would ever sell a book as well as nov-
elty. adventure and mere flashy qualities.
In spite of all he could say Kathleeii per-
sisted in believiiig in Arnold's story till
she fairly frightened him. He couldn‘t
bear to fix his mind on the rude awaken-

ing that no doubt awaited her.

For, after all, he hadn’t the slightest
reason to suppose he possessed literary
ability. His momentary vogue was alto-
gether diie to his lucky translation of a
work of adventure whose once real uierit
lay in the go atid verve of its Elizabethan
narrator. He had been driven against his
Will into the sea of authorship. for navigat-
ing which he felt he had no talent, by Ru- «
fus Mortimer in dire conspiracy with Stan-
ley & Lockhart. Nothing but disastrous
failure could possibly result from such an
undertaking. He dreaded to wake up and
find himself branded by the entire critical
press of England as a rank irnpostor.

However, being by nature a born work-
er——a quality which he had inherited from
Mad Axminster-—once he had undertaken

to supply Stanley & Lockhart with a
novel unspecified, he worked at it with a
will, determined to give them in return;
for their money the very best failure oi;

which his soul was c.-tp:ilil«-. "With this iii-
tent he plied his t_\'pw\vrilt-r. one Il.'lll'iHl.
IIlfil"lllll}.{, noon and night. while l\'atlilw-ti
often dropped in at odd itiotu--iit.~' to writ!
for him from dictation and to n.~<i~t him
with lit-r advicc, her stizut-.<ti<itis and her
criticisiii.

A good woiiimi can admire iill)'IlllIl_‘_’ the
ni:tu of her clioim inuy happen to do. It
Kathleen. tli:-r«-tori», flint first t-allow iiovi-l
of Artioild \\‘illoli_:zliliy‘.~', “.—\ l’io1n:u:c:- oli
UI't'«'IT iiI'itii>b_\‘.” ivus froni its vi-r_\‘ lll(‘l‘[)-<1
tioii one til’ the iiiost In-:uitliul. iuust <li—l
vim-l_\' lll>]llI'l‘<i. Ill4l\'[ noble \vnt'k.~' of" urti
evi-r «li-o-uiiit-vl or lll'titill(‘t‘1l by tlw hum.-iti
lIlll‘lIl‘('I. She iliouqht it .~ii:xpl_v lr»'.'vl.\‘.‘
.\'otliin:: h.-id _\'t-t I)l‘L‘El tlrawu more «-.\'z'llll-i
site in its tvltdcr and Ilill(‘llllI‘_’ ’it‘llllI‘.'lllUIli
of the st-lifsiri-rs wife than .\l.-tunic llolds-‘
worth‘s L'll.‘ll'.‘l.I‘It‘I', iioth. lllHI"(‘ ‘-'I4‘l'Il or
somber or powerful than lilo lii;urt- of the-I
gaunt and Il'llll liuibetl skipper. It w:i.~i
tr:iy_;e-dy to lll.‘I'—--l't‘.'ll high clziss II‘2lL£l‘(l)'.l
\\'ht-ii Arnold hinted L5:-ntl_v how The lich-
tlotnatliil >'c:irilli-r would l;iu_v.:h his patliosl
tot-1(:orii. and liow The Ant lounte-cl Hrowlcri
would find it “dull and lllllllIl‘l't‘.~llll‘,,’. not i
to 2-lay pot-iitivcly viilg.:ar,“ slic tliou;;ht it;
iiiipossilile to IN'll(‘\'t‘ him. X()li(l(l}’1'1illl(li

: read that grim story, she It'll sure. with- I

out lwiiig toticlictl by its I‘.'Il‘l'l€‘!-Illt‘>.\‘, itsri
rt-allly and its ht-atity.

All Yflllit winter tlirnugh Arnold and his
occasional aiiiatiiiciisis works-d hard at the

novel that was the innn’s last bid fora.
bare siilisistence. llc felt it so IlllllHL’lf. If
that failed, he knew no hope was left. for
hitii. lle iiiiist give up all thtiiights of
Kntlilee-ii or of life. He must creep into
his liolt-, like a \V'(illllllt‘Ll dog, to die there
quietly. Not that, .~\riiol<'l w.~t.~' at all of a
deapoiitlcnt unttire. (in tlic contrary, few
LlH‘ll were so light and buoyant, but the
fllfllclllticrt he had eticountt-rt-d siiicc heleft.
off being an earl made him naturally dis-
trusitflil of what the future iiiiglit have in
store for him. .\'+-\'ct-tlil-lt-.<.<. being one of
the sort who never say die, he wv.-ntoti with
his story with a valorous heart, for was it
not for Kziflilec-ii? And if he failed, he
tliotiglit to liiniself moi~-- than ()ll(‘t‘ with
just. pride, he would have the (:()Il.~‘tIllll'lI|I.1
of ktiowiiig that lie had fallwl in spite of
his lH‘.‘~'Ii endeavor. The fault then would
lie not with liitiiself, but with titttnrc. The
licst, of us can never il'allS(’t‘ll(l his own fac-
ull-ies.

llllflls _\lortitiicr spoilt that wiiitvr part.-
ly in l'ari:~'. partly in lionic. lle 2l\'(liKIt'li
Vt-tiicc. Tll(:ll_'.(ll his p:il:t'/.y.o on tlic Iil':lll(l
canal l:i_v empty all that year, he tliought
it be-.~.t not to disturb Arm-ld‘s and Naili-
leeii’s felicity by ititt-rl't-ritig with their
plans by olitrutliiig his pt'ese-iicc. But as
spring t-..-line round he paid a li:i.<ty visit
of a few short. days to the city that i’l().’it.‘-I
in the :.‘.‘l2l.‘i.i)' .-\dri:iiit-.. It sceiiit-ll like old V
titiics lioth to ,\rnold and l§utl:li-cit when '
Rliflls .\lot-tiiiier‘a gondola, t‘<]lll[Ip(‘(l as
ever by the two Il}ill(l.\‘lllll(‘ \'«-tictizins-i in
lll£ll'/.5'('fll\)1‘Hl .<:i.<lic.~', called fit flu» doors
of their lml,:.;itii_-< to take them out. togeth-
er for their day‘s cxciii's-ioti. In the even-
ing Rufus Mortiiiicr dropped round to
I-\':tllilwii‘s rooins. .i\rnold ivas tlicre, by
8[)[|UlllI:l‘t'lll. He read aloud :2. taliuptcr or
two for ' 'tiiiu-r’.~; (.'l'l[l!‘:ll opitiioii. lle
Cht).~'t* the rpi.~iule of the .'kipper‘s lll:ll'-
ri. —thc pathetic p:tss:i;,:c where Iinlphé
‘Vi’-lVl\\'2lX‘ll inulu-s his last appeal to Mag-
gie lIHltl.~'\\‘(II'tl1, and thc toiit-hiiiiz S(.'L‘ll6=‘
wlu~t't.- ,\lag_-_Iie at last goes forth, with her
liztby in her ::rtii<, in sczircli of Eliot-..i,

“I.~‘ii't. it low-ly'?“ Kutlili-i-ii l‘_\'(‘ldlIIl(‘(l.
with ht-r innocent faith, as Nuill as .\rnold
burl litiisliell. "I tell .'\l‘Il0lil he in-I-tlii’t. be.
afraid of its I‘(‘(‘t‘lllllIll. 'l'hi.~: is ll'Il times Q
as fine as the ‘l-Ilimlietli.-iii .\‘«-;ulo«_;.’ ”

“I doti’t feel quite ct-rtztiti," Mortimeri

answered, nursing his chin and (‘()llS(:l()l1.‘-l i
of his re.~pon.<ibilify. llv f(-‘:il'('(l to raise 
their lmpn-..< by too favorable an opinion. “I
don't St‘(’lll to ret.-ogtiizt-. it's just. the sort:
of thin,-_: the public w.-nits. l)oe.<ii‘t il. lack
tlraniatic lllI:'l‘l'..~iT.’ You and I may udiiiire 
certain pzirts very inuch, and I L-tiiifess ’
there \\'t‘1‘\.'])l|S.\iIl_t(t‘.\' that brought. tears into i
my eyes, but the real qiit-.--tion is. will the 
'world at large like it—-will it..~niit the great ;
public at Sinit.li's and Miitlit-’s? We must
remember that Willraigliliy-‘s a quite new =
author. The very fact that. the world ex- ‘
pects from him soinetlilnlz like the ‘Eliz- 
ahcthan Se.-i.dog’ may tell agniiiszt this sitn- 5
ple doniestic story. My experience is that =
when once a man has stood on his head to
atnuse the public the pnlilic will never al-
low him to stand on his feet agaiii. And 3
that's what I lczir in this (':lS(‘. The people
who l't‘:l(l I\Iaster John (‘olliiighz-ii.n may
find A rnold \\'llloughby slow and unin-
tcrestitig. 7 ’

“Oh, Mr. Mortitner, how can you?”
Kathleen exclaimed, quite horrified.

“Hc’s quite right, Kitty,” .-\i-nold an-
swered——it was Arnold and Kitty nowa-
days betwctm t-hem. “ I've felt that I1l)'.'l(‘lI
all along as I was writing it». The story’s
so somber. ‘It's better suited, l’iI. afraid,
to the tastes of the geiie.i-ation that read
‘Adam Bede’ than to the tastes of the gen-
eration that reads Rid:-r Haggard and Co-
nan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling. How-
ever, in patience must we  our souls.
There’.~i no telling beforehand in art or lit
erature how the British public may hap.
pen to look upon any new departure.”

And he went to bed that night in dis-
tinctly low spirits.

A week later the’ manuscript was duly
conveyed to London by Arnold in person.
Kathleen followed a few days after, out of
deference to Mrs. Grundy. Arnold was
too shy or too proud to take the manu-
script himself round to Stanley & Lock-I
hart, but Mort-imer bore it thither for him ,
in fear and trembling. Scarcely had Mr. ‘
Stanley glanced at the book when his
countenance fell. He turned over a page i
or two. His mouth went down ominously.

“Well. this is not the sort of thing I
should have expected from Mr. Willough-

* in the llt'.<t.ii1.~'t-allct‘.

7 more of it.

ivy. 'llt‘ said, with fraiikiiess. “its the‘,
exact aiitipodes. in style, in lllRtil‘l‘,lll treat- 4

struck it \\'l‘ll. in his stirring roiiitiiice of 
‘An lCli'/.uln-tliaii >1-titling,’ lie would have -
done lwtti-r to reinenibcr the advice which
a. Scotcliiiiziii iii the ;.21lllt‘l‘_\'llllC(‘ gave to
I‘lo<‘.\‘t-ll tut It fmiioils tit-¢':i.~io1i—‘>'tit'k to
the coo. iiiotii' .\lr, \\'illoui.:hby, utifui'tu-
nutel_\'. has not stuck to his coo. lie has
a di.~‘tin(‘t talent of his own for wild tales
of 5l(I\'t‘IlIllT('. in which he can well sittin-

late a certain air of truth and can rt-pro-

duce the style of a I))‘L(iIll(’ age with ex-

traordinar_v tide-lity and lll.\’I4Il'l(':Il accura-

cy. liut the lllL.'lIh'l‘ pathos and lilo tiiglit-r 1

‘ constriit-ti\'v faculty are altouctlie-1' bcyotid

V‘ accept Mr. \\'illoii,r_:lihy‘s owti liiiprobable

the I‘llIlL5t' of his not lll('0ll.\'ldt'l‘.‘ll)It‘. 1)()\\‘l’I\. 1
To put it frankly. his three volunic novel,
in .<plIt'of obvious struiiiitignftcr the most
exztltctl uplalitit-.~'. aliiiost lIlllll(‘t’.‘4 one to ;

story of the Illl(llll;.{ of his iiianiiscript in a l

“‘€I)t'il.'lIl ('flIll£~llIll>. and to believe thzit,

Sctzrm ll, luul  .,\'r4IitIr_il 4_]It(Il(‘t(l at the
Imolt‘ 1!'htII his ("lllllflIlIIIlI‘1'_i(II.

ment. and in ]iIIr[iIi,'~'4,'. of the ‘lilizalictlinn 1
I doulit whether it's at all the 1

St-atlog,’
sort of book to catcli the public nowadays.
Secins :1 lIl‘('lUl(‘ or two IIUIIIIIII the titties.
W:-‘vc got past that type of 1tU\'cl. lt’a
tloiiwstic purely. \\i-‘re all oil advctiture
iiow:itl:i_v.~'."

“So I was afraitl." .\Iortiiiier ausweretl,
“but. at any rate I hope yotrll do the best
yoti can for it now _you‘\'i- got. it."

“Uh. cl-i-l.-titily,“ .\lr. Stanley :iti.<wered
in no very iv-;t:<.siiri:i§.: voice. “Of course
we'll do our level host for it. We've
l)0ll,L:lll it and paid for l[~—lll part at least
——and wt-‘re not likely under tlll'>’t' circum-
staiicrs not to do our level bl-.<t for it.”

“\\'illotn_rliby retains an itiierest in it,
you re-inn-iiiber.” ltiifus Mtirtiiiier went. on.
“You 1-t-colle-tat. I suppose, that he retains
a 15 per L'4‘llI iiitcrt-st in it."

“Uh, cci-t:titil_v."’ .\lr. >'t:inlt-y answered.
“I recollect pt-i'fectl_v. Only Iiin afraid,
to jutlgc by the look of 1iIll.‘Ill8.llIl.\'Cl‘lpI«,
which is dull at first Sllzllt-——llllllt‘llli1I)ly
dull——-he lia:~'ti‘t much cliaiice of getting
iiiorc out of it than the :£ll|li wc‘ve paid
him in £lti\';.lIl(‘(‘ on act-oiitit of royulti<-s_”

'l'hi.< ivas tlisuppliitttiiig ticws to Morti-
lll('l‘. for he knew .\rnoltl had spent :i fair
part of tlia’. llIlll(ll't‘(l on his livitig ex-
pciiscs in \'t-iiicc. and wlicrc he was to
turn iii the future for .\llppHI‘f. let alone
for the lll('.'lIl.< to Ill:lI'I'_\' Kathleeii. Morti-
iucr could foi-in no sort of (‘Ull(‘t']illIIll. He
could only go on liopitiy_rit_4:titi.<t hope: that
the book llllL(llt “pan out" better than
Stelllley 6.: l.ockli.~irt .\‘ll}iplmt*(l—— that the
public might see tltiti,_:~ in .i tlifll-rent light
from the two trade (‘I\'}>crl.\‘.

'l‘hrce days later Mr. .\'t.'ttiley caiiie down
to the office 1!lll('Il p(‘l'llll‘l)(‘(l in spirit.

“I stiy, liockliart.“ he cried. “I‘ve been
I‘('.'illlIl_1,.( (l\'(‘I' this new thing of '\\'illuugh—
by'>:--—thi~"fioiiiziiice of lire-at (%i'iiusby,’
as he (.‘Il(i(i_~'(‘.'~' to call it—-what. an odious
title-i——atid I must sit)‘ l‘iii afraid we've
just. Cllll('l\'(‘(I uw:iy our iuoucy. Ile wrote
the ‘:~‘.t-;tdo;_v‘ by a pure lliilu-; that's where
it is. .\lu.<t have been iizml or drunk oriri
love wlu-Ii he dill it. I bclii-ve licV.~.1':".‘tlly
toad and still .~\ ick.<t.oit lietlist-oi‘:-t'wl and
ti'.iii.~t-rilii-tl lhul lll.‘lllll\.('l‘l}lI. ll:-is writ-
Iru !i.i.~; ihitu: now in (ll'<il‘I' to prove to

- us how .'llif~'1illlIt‘l}.' dill":-reiit his own natu-
'r:il‘ .~I_\'i¢‘ is.

;\Il<l ll(‘..\‘ provcil it. with a

\'l-tiumitit-cl It‘.\' as dull as ditch \\'.‘lll'l‘. I

V don"! lit-lievc we shall ever sell out the first

etlitioii."

“\\'c can get it all <uli<,-ribed liefori-li:tti<‘.,
I think,“ hi< partner atiswcrml, “on the
.-iil't‘ll_‘..(lll oi" tlic".\'ezillol:.’ The llbrai‘ie.~'

: will \\1IIlIiZlIIlUlI.“ZlIl(iCUIIIVH uuiong them.

.\nd, after all, its only the saiiietliiiig

‘ as if hr had i:tl{l‘ll the £100 we 0IIt’X'(*(I him

We. shall be no more
out. of pocket if this venture fails than we
should have liH'll il’ hc’d accept:-tl our
check last stiinnicr.”

“Well, xvi-.‘«l bctt-cr pull off only as many
as we tliitik the tleniand will run to,” Mr.
Stanley cotitiiiiied. with caution. “ltWll
be t'l.\'lit‘ll for at first, of course. on the titer-
its of the ‘Scatlog,’ but as soon as people
begin to him out for Illt’lIl.’~'0lVeS wnat. ice-
ble trash it really is tht-y won’t want any
‘l’uo1'p:tp ' I call it!"

So the ;_v'i'c:tt. novel Wlil('li had cost Ar-

‘ nold and Katlileeii so itiany pangs of pro-

duction came out in the and in its regula-

‘ tion three \'iil|.llll(‘l-l_]'lI3~'tlll$(‘1llly(ltI.lCI'.

'l‘lie-re was an initial tleiiiantl for it, of
course, at. .\ludie‘.~'. that .-\i-nold had count.-
etl upon. Atiytliiiig wliich bore the tinnit-
of the “t-tlitor" of “An 1‘:ll7.:Il>‘('lll.‘lll Scri-
dog" (iii the title page could hardly have
fiiI‘t'll otlit-mvise. But he waited in pro-
found Elllxlt-‘i y for wli.-it the reviews would
say of it. 'l'lii.s' \\'£lS his Own first book,
for the “St-:itlog" was but a traiiscript.
and it. would make or mar him as an orig-
inal author.

Oddly eiiougli. they had longer to wait
for 1':-views than in the case of Arnold
\\'illoiiglib_v"s first venture. It was the
height of the publishing 88413011. Editors’
tables were groanitig with books of travel,
and hiogi-apliics. and three volume novels.
and epochs of history boiled down for the
consumption of the laziest intellects. A
Week or two passed, and still no notice of
the “Ronianceof Great Gritusby.” At. last
one afternoon Arnold passed down the
Strand and stopped to buy an influential
evening paper oti the bare chance of a. crit-
icism. His heart gave a bound. Yes, there
it was on the third page—“Mr. Arnold
Willoughby’s New Departure.”

He took it home with him, not daring
to sit and read it on the Embankment.
The very first sentence chilled him. “When
a man begins by doing good work. the
public has a right to expect good work in

‘ future from him. Mr. Arnold Wi1lough-
, by, or whatever gentleman chooses to veil
his unknown personality under that ob-

vious pseudonvm. struck fresh around. and

' talc of biiccaiiecritig life in the si.\;t4-enth
‘ century."

‘his poor little banlliiiu!

' still illl}l(|$‘I~'lI)l(‘.

he was really lltitllllll.’ niort-, after all, than
the traiislutur and editor of that excl-llt-tit

Arnold's lit-all rt-cl:-d round. Still he
read on and on. It ivus all in the 54111)]? '
strain. Not one word of cold praise for
The reviewer dc-
Illllll>>ll('(l liitii us thou;_Ih he V\'I‘I'(f not n vet'-
tcbrati-. nziittial. llis plot was l'I'llllfi‘. ill
consiili-i-ml and l'llll(‘llll‘ILl.~'«. Ilia episotli-H
were SIlllli‘Ill‘l]t‘S lllll)I'<)I).‘|l)lt‘, but ofteiier
llis coiivi-rsiitiona wt-re
uiirt-:il. his pen-miiiigcs shadowy, his pic- -
ture of ilk-'l.\l-'1‘ life nielodrainatic and uncon-
vincing. It was plain he knew nothing at
first hand of the sea. Fxerythiiig in the
book from beginning to end was. bad, bad,
bad, bad—as bad as it could be. The re
viewer could only hope. that in his next
venture .\Ir.Willou_<_vlihy would return frmn
this puerilc attt-iiipt to put hinit-lf outside
his owti natural liinit:ition.~< to the proper
sphere he had teniporarily dc!-'crf.ed.

Arnold laid down the paper, Cl‘lIll.‘I(lll.
Very new authors are a.fl"t»-cted by reviews.
He knew it, he knew it! Ills had been be-
trayed into tittt-niptiiig a task bi-yoiid his
powers by the kindly S()ll(tlI.'1fltlll.-1 of that
good fellow Bilortiiiicr. For .\lortlni(ar's
sake, even more tlian his own, he felt it
acutely. (inc thing Ill‘ [Il‘2l)'(‘(l——-tlillt» Kath-
leen llIl‘,{ill not Illlppvll to see that. review
and b-- lllllllt‘ utterly iiii.~'t-rtiblc by it. lie
must tr_v ll" po.~;sililt,~ to break his failure
gently to her.

He went out 1l:_’Zl.lll. to call on her and hint
his (ll'.'~']MIllrl('ll(‘}”. After that, he tliouglit,
he would go and see Stuiilt-y A: .l.oi-kliart
to ask them how tiiucli they were losing by
his novel.

llc walked along with l)lll'llIll}_( clict'k.s.,
and as he p:i.<.<t-ll lliifus Morliitit-r's club
that clever youiig Vernon who writes such
stitiuiiiu I'l‘\'ll‘\\'S for the cvcuiiig papers
tltriictl with zt siiiile to the .\lllt‘l'll‘:lIl.

“'l'lil-re urn-.~' your friend \\'illougliby_“
he l~.‘llll.\\'il ll :: \'.‘ll\‘(' of" his ('lf.{?lI'(‘III'. “lluve
you .\‘t‘4‘ll i.\ but :1 ilt't-ssliig l‘vc givi-ii that
silly book of his in this cvctiiii,-_:'s l’it-c;i-
(lilly? ‘.\ lloiii:iixt-t- of (lrczit (iriiii.~'liy‘
ititlt-ml! ‘.\ liriv-ll of idiocy’ he ought. to
have (illlll-‘(I it "

‘ l’t. Huron Titti'l ti 54>
lllllluy (‘lty.. ..  " - "

,’l)uraiid...  i . ii‘

'!\lillc'.ts..
‘Pottcrville. 
‘Charlotte _ __ _.
3()li\‘t-t Statioii..
‘ Believin-

[To an co_\'Ti.\'t'i:D.]

S'l‘.\'l‘l~; or Onto. ('i'rv or 'l'oi.i-zoo. yr
l.t'<'As (,‘ot‘.\"ri'. i-‘~‘-
l“i:.\.\'i\' .J. (.‘ui:Ni«:i' niakes oath that he is
the senior partner of the firtii of F. .l.
(‘tti:\'i:i' iv ()o., doing biisitiess in the city
of Toledo, county and state aforesaid. and
that said firm will pay the sum of ()NE
Hl'N'l)l{El) l)()I.l.AltS for each and every
case of Catzirrli that cannot he cured by the
use of l'l.v\l.I.~‘ C.-\’l'Alil<ll Ct'iu~:.
Fl{AI\'K .J. Ul.iE.\'l<2Y.
Sworn to before tile and subscribed in my
presence. this Iilll day of Decetiiber, A. I).
Issac}.

A. IN. (lLl‘IAS().\',

Notary Public. ‘

llall’s Catartli Cure is taken internally and
acts directly on the blood and IIil.I('0|l.‘l sur-
faces of the system. Send for tcstiiiiciiisls.
fl'(-‘P. F. J. CHENEY A’; 00, Toledo. 0.

@§“SoId by drrzzists, 7:3.

Ripuns Tabules. cure bad hreatli.
Ripans Tahiiles cure headache. l
RIDHIIS Tabules cure coiistiprttion. 5

l
l

l

i Construction — Luxurious

DO YOU BELIEVE IN:
"TRUSTS?”

If not, then buy
The New Franklin Typewriter,

THE GREAT

A n t i-“T r u s t” Machine.
25-per cent cheaper!

Easy to learn!
Simple in construction!
Five Years on the Market.

Sold on easy payments. For Samples of work.
testimonials. etc., address.

STATE AGENCY,

Grand Rapids, Mich.
40-41 New Houseman. .

iii
. 'd
'. tr'in

R.IIl. !l.Hl. ‘ll.Il_l_. [\.IIl

:lti,i
:l:‘iul1 l ”

II.
;il 4 "'

I)!

‘lb;-«
-6-

l.apcct'. . . . ._ ., .,.
lr'lIn'. . . 

I.aiisitig.. ... 

Ilattlc Crock.
Vicksburg ..
Sehoolcratt . ..
Cassopulis ...
South lit-nd. .. ‘
Va|parniso.. ...
Cliiciuro... ..

in 3 4 1 -; 2
[Mull Lh'h Ail. I’.H.
‘Exx; Ex. § Ex. Pass

iH..lll.:}).ln. p.tn.
l

Chicago . . . . . . .. ..  .
Valparaiso... - ‘I

S'rA'rio.\‘s.

South Bend. ..  ..
Cassopolia. .. ....l '
Schoo craft. . . . It "
Vicksburg . . . . . . . . . . ..a .
l‘!attle(‘.reek

Bellcvue . . . . . . . . . ..
Olivct Station. .. . ‘
Charlotte , . . . . . . . ..
Potterville ..
Millt-tt.s..

I.ansiti;.r..

Durand. .

Flint . ..

I.apeer.... 
Iuila_vCity....., .....
Port Iliiroti 'l'utinel. ‘
Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . ..

U‘

I gééeaga.

Toronto. . ..
Montreal-  ..

Boston. ,
. p.in.a.tn. .
 ll fun‘ 4 1:; ii an
u.in. p.iii. p.n.1.  .
I .~' 40,‘ -'. rm 9 ill
lp.tn.,u
3 9 u:_
*u.in. a.ni. tn. 
is tr. in -.mi2 44:,”

Niagara Falls. . . . . ..  ..

2LIIl. . .

New York-.. .. ll. :54! ..

Boston . . . . . . . . .

. A gent. (‘harlot to.

500,000

FRUIT TREES

must be mid this )'t'f»ll'

:Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry,

Peach.

MILLIONS OF PLANTS.

”IIl'(|_V' \lit-liizziii \:il’l|-[low oi‘ l'l’1|(‘llZ
I\':tl;iiiia'/o~.(l«.|il llrop. I.L-\\i.~'. .\‘l-iv I'i'olil1t:.
l“it7;:t»rii.d. -’iu-ml. 'l‘r:u: pix. l-Ztc.
.\|l~'i:wl; cuiitatitt-i-d to he :1-’ l'4'Dl‘(‘.-L‘I‘.i.('(l.
Si-titl tor our iii-iv pritm li:-‘t.
.\'(-nil us )'(lllI' ,it.d lot
'l'H\' l'.\‘ li.'\(‘I~‘.

WEST MIGHIGAN NUBSERIES
Benton Harbor. Mich.

u.- ll‘_'l!l‘(' on it.

list

The COAST LINE to MACKINAC
--+-—i»-TAKE THE ~+««e~—

CKINAC
DETROIT
PETOSKEY
CHICAGO

2 New Steel Passenger Steamers

The (Latest Perfection ct attained in Bout

uiptnent. Artistic

. Furnlshin . Decoration and Eflideut Service.

insuring t :2 highest degree of
¢0l’IFORT. SPEED AND SAFETY.

Foun Tmrs PER WEEK BEtwEEiu

0 Toledo, Detroit.?Mackinac

PETOSKEY, “THE soo,-I MARQUETTE,
AND DULUTH.

LOW RATES to Picturesque Mackinac and
Return. including (‘leak and Bertlu. From
glevelund, its; from Toledo. its; from Detroit.

I3.5o.

EVERY EVENING

Between Detroit and Cleveland

Connecting at Cleveland with Earliest Trains
for all_ points East, South and Southwest and at
Detroit for all points North and Northwest.

Sunday Trips June. July, August and September Only.
EVERY DAY BETWEEN

Cleveland, Put=in=Bay I Toledo

Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Address
A. A. SCHANTZ. u. p. ... ourliorr, Inca.

TIIG IBIIIIII allll fllflflllllll Slflfllll III. GI.


THE GRANGE VISITOR.

OCTOBER 1, 1896.

Eastern Michigan Asylum.

BY DR. E. A. (..'Hl{I.\'TlA.\'..
SI.'l’lCI{I.\'TE.VI)EN'I‘.

M I-1l)l( ‘AI.

linrror. Gii.i.\'<;t: Visiroiiz In
compliance with your request, I
send the annexed sunnnarized state-
ment of the disburseuients of the
Eastern .\liclii}_:an .\s_vluin for the
fiscal year endiii<_r Julie 23”. ism}.
The statement is in the form of an-
al_\'sis, in which amounts e.\pended
are t:lltlI'}_’(!(l to certain accounts. I
am ver_v }_"lad to furnish the de-
sired information. I can under-
stand that the farmers of the state
are interested in the subject from
adouble standpoint. .—\staxpa_vers
they are i'igl1tly concerned with a
knowled_<_{e of whether such an in-
stitution is inana}_red in the interests
of econoinv. ()n the other hand.
as citizens of the state \\'lioai'c con-
tl'llilltlll}_T to the support of a help-
less and sadly alllictcd class. tlic)‘
are interested in kno\vin;_v‘ whether
the inmates of the :1.-'_vlunis liavc.-all
the coinforts which i'ig‘litl_v bclon_<_v*
to them and which would ('i)ll(lll('t‘

to their uiatcrial welfare, and their‘

prospe<-ts for rccovei'_v. ll, .s‘(‘l‘lIls
to me that the fariners slnnild
espcciiilly concerned with this latter
view in «picstioii. because a;:ricul—
tliral vocations furnisli siipli a l:ii'j_:e
proportion of admissions to the
iisyliiiiis of .\liclii<_ran.

farmers, or farm laborers, or wives.
sons and <laiu_rlitei's of fai'inei's. it

can readily be seen, then, how deep‘

an interest farmers have in coli-
siderin}_r both aspects of the ques-
tion. as presented above.

The llueiy "Can our expeiises be‘

reduced without injury to the ef-
ticieiicv of our work!" should
properly be prefaced by a state-
ment which niay not be. and is not.
I think. a matter of _c_reneral knowl-
ed_<_re anion§_r taxpa_vers: that, not-
witlistandin;_r ii stead)’ improve-
ment in the manner in which the
insane of this state have been cared
for. there has been in the pasta
stead_y decrease in the per capita
expense within the past ei}_rhteen
years. There has been a decrease
equal almost to twenty-live per
cent. in the actual amount cliar_«_:ed
the state for the care of each pa-
tient. ()f course this is in part
due to <leci'ease of the cost of ll\‘lllf_'.
but some of it must be credited to

the wise and business-like lll:lllll._1’O-,

ment of the institution. The fu-
ture also proiiiises well. By the
reduction made in the cost of main-
tenance for the (.‘Ollllll__L_T _\'6itl'. the
liiisterii Micliigan .'\.~')'llllll alone
will save the taxpayersof the state
neai'l_v 75$.llllll.

It will be seen by reference to
the aiialysis. of disburseineiits pre-
sented below that considei'abl_v
over one half the cost of maintain-
ing the asyluin and its inmates lies
in the two items of "food. and sal-
aries and \\':t_Q'L‘.\'.“ The lirst is.
and has been for years, a steadily
decreasin_c_r amount. It is, futher—
more, an item largel_v dependent
upon the markets and. to that ex-
tent, beyond the control of asylum
nianagement, except in so far as
the possession of a good farm prop-
erly worked may cont1'ibute to the
food supply without direct expend-
iture of inoiiey. The item of sal-
aries and wages, lar_c_re as it is, is
not one which can be safely re—_
duced. It would, in my opinion,
be to the advantage of patients and
insure a ,q'reater efliciency in the
curative efforts of the institution
if this item were increased,
not only by the employment of a
somewhat greater force of attend-
ants, but by paying more liberally
for a skilled and arduous form of
labor. Another item which at-
tracts the eye as of considerable
dimensions is that for renewals and
repairs. This also is an item which
is likely to remain fairly constant.
Any policy other than that of keep-
ing in good repair a plant upon
which the state has expended so
much money would be reprehen-
sible in the eyes of any good busi-
ness man.

I would not consume your space
bv entering into a discussion of
each item in detail. Some of these
amounts depend for their reduction
upon favorable markets for making
purchases, others niay be decreased
by invoking more modern and
more eflicient appliances from time
to time, as, for instance, in the
matter of heating, lighting, laundry
work. etc. It would be a saving
of money to the taxpayers were the
Eastern Michigan Asylum pos-
sessed of a modern laundry. The
one at present in use was erected

lit“

and designed
of about one
patients it is
do. The sav-

leighteen years t1f{()
for doing the work
half the number of
‘now called upon to

mg: in labor and in the wear and.

tear of giii'iii<:nts would in them-
selves reach a ti-._rure which would
_iustif.v the first cost of a new laun-
di'_\'. The saine llltL_‘,' be said of
li<_rht. ()thcr institutions similar
to this .sln)\\‘:ll:ll'1_"L‘ diminution of
cost of li<_rlitin<_r from year to Avear.
lint this savingr. l'<)ll>llltfl':llIl<’. as it
is, (‘mild not. of (‘<illl'>t‘. lit-,<*ll'cl't(al
without a radical l‘ll:tIlf_Tt7 in the
present systciii of li<_rhtinj_-‘.

ln _<_:encral. l lll.‘l.\' >:t_\' that the
per capita cxpciiscs of inaintaiiiin_-,:_
this institution are likt-l_v to be
reduced from _v<-;n' to .\'(‘tll‘. the re-
duction possibly going so far that
tlic}_ri-oss amount e.\'pendcd fora
laij<_v‘el_v iiicre:ised population will
not equal the amounts expended in
the past for a less number of pa-
l.l('lll~.

\\ '\l.V\I‘ ill !rl‘l:l'l£‘lL‘~ll._\ls lull: lit’

l\.v[\~. ir'.\l. :;‘l_ l\‘.n'».

Kl. 'i!.\.ll

,‘l«» ,..-
-n~.... "“-ii ‘

“ll unit.

ll‘

l-‘ootl . 

.\':tl:-.ri»v- .-ii.-l '.\:n_'e

ll-~ne\v:il - ni.-l re;»;lli’- ..
l'1tllll._'.'ll'Ill'li.~lt>('l{..ll‘l;iIllIl:
lll':’lll-'lL'..  

ltlotliiiiu.  .
llloll.-cllt-ld suplil.

I.:iundr_v t“rC];-‘l!r"‘  .. .
l‘lll'lllllll'l'£tllIllil"lIllllLf,.....

, §l.n.'l
.\e:lrl_v <)ll(‘— : ,_~ '

third of the adinissions tothc l’.ast- ;, -
ern .\liclii;:an As_vluni have been ;

"ll -upplie- .  
‘ind iii:ir'liiil:-iy
\‘I.'itioin-i'_v

-\nin~«-nu-nt and in»-trnction
l"ri-izht and tr.in~-portatioii.

l’on{irII'.

Mideast 5‘ “Wrist-

l\'E.\”l‘ l'()M().\.'.\ o1:.\.\'oi-:

will hold its next regular meeting with
Whitneyville Grange Wednesday, Oct.
21, 1891;. The forenoon will be devoted
to business. In the afternoon will
have an open meeting to which the
public are invited. ’I‘he program will
consist of address of welcome. Charles
Barris, ‘Master of Whitneyville Grange;
response, by W. 1‘. Adams, Master of
Pomona Grange; “Are the present
tax laws of Michigan just and fair to
all classes of people? Ifnot, why not,"
H.G. Holt and J. II.Martin; paper,
Wesley Johnson; "How can our country
and township expenses be reduced?"
John Preston, M. H. Foster; paper,
Mrs. I. D. Davis; “Township ‘(nit
School System," lt. Dockeray, W. '1‘.
Adams; “Should bicycles be taxed,”
ii. Campau, .1. Brass; recitation, Mrs.
John l’attison. Music willbe furnished
by Whitneyville Grange. L>‘i~:c.

\\'l£S'I'l‘]li.\' l’())l()N;\ (;lIAN(tl£.

'l.‘lie next meeting of Western I’o—
mona Grange will be held at Lisbon,
October 8 and 1!.

Program: “Lessons grained from
the past season,” Frank Woodard; “Is
not the tendency of the times towards
too much newspaper reading to the
exclusion of other reading?” Mrs. 
Staiitfer; “How can we winter our
stock at the least expense?" Mr. Wm.
Gillett; “The power of habit,” Mrs. 1:.
Martin; “How shall we regulate for-
eign immigration," Mrs. lfl. O.Smitli;
“What is the Grange doing to advance
the cause of education ‘?" Fred Mills;
“Shall the Grange continue to work
for full Women's siitfrage 2"’ Mrs. Ii. J.
Austin.

'l‘he above will be interspersed with
songs and recitations. All fourth de-
gree me.m°bers are invited to attend.

l\lA1\'S()l’. M. S)ll'l‘ll, Lecturer.

ALLEUAN (I()l'.\"l'Y l’().\l().\'.-\ (ill.-\.\'('iE

will meet with Monte-rey Grange,
October 15. The program will be
music; address of welcome. M. B. V.
McAlpine; response, Mrs. Laura Jew-
ett; music, Allegan Grange choir; dis
cussion, “Township Unit. Plan,” led by
A. P.Congdon; paper. “Pliases of Farm
Life.” Mrs. K. Hodge; recitation, Miss
Elvah Ely; solo, Mrs. Post of Allegan;
question box,to be answered by N.
W. Houser, Wm. Ely,and others. Any
brother or sister is at liberty to bring
an offering to this Grange altar. The
afternoon will be an open session; the
public is invited. A basket dinner
will be served, each one bring plate.
knife, cup, etc.
Mas. N. J. ALLEN, Lecturer.

'I‘he next meeting of the Lowell Dis-
trict Council P. of H. will be at South
Boston Grange Hall on Thursday Oct.
15, 1896. WESLEY JOHNSON,

Master.

Magazine Note.

“Free Ooinage and the Farmer” is
the title of a strong article in the Oc-
tober FORUM by the Hon. John M.
Stahl, himself a farmer and the secre-
tary of the Farmers’ National Con-
grass.

The REVIEW or REVIEWS for Octo-
ber continues its admirable record of
the presidential campaign. In the
J uly. August, and september numbers
the Republican, Democratic, and Pop-
ulist conventions Were reviewed, to-
gether with the careers of the nom-
inees.

ocrats. culminating in the Indianapolis
convention, receives similar attention.
No other publication in the country
offers in a single number such a wealth
of political portraiture, or so wide a

range of cartoon illustrations. Every

In the October number the -
mevement of the “sound money” Dem- ‘

l
lnoteworthy phase of the canvass is
lfully and impartially presented. Ma.-

rterial is gathered from every source
. and carefully digested.

The Coming State Grange.

More than every day iinportance
is attached to nieetings of the State
t‘rraii_I_rc that coines first before leg‘-
islativc sessions. The (irangc. if

‘true to its principles and if the
lncinbcrs thereof do even :1 part of
their duties. the oi'2‘aliizatioii inns‘,
be a pronioter of bcncticial condi-
tions. a protector a}__raiiist injustice.
and a leader in all that will bring
f__V<m(l to :l_‘_"l'li‘lllIlll'(f and the people
en;:i_4_rc«l therein. Thus it is sccii
that f_Il'(,':ll iespoiisibiliticsare placed
upon it.

PARALYSIS

To be prepared for this”

}_'l'('ltl work. tlie.\'iil>«ii'<lili:ite (il‘:ill-‘

§Paralysis is Often Only Nerve Starvation and

this is True of Neuralgia and Sciatic
Rheumatism.

‘_'<*> of .\liclii}_ran hold not only llllll-
ldreds. but tlioiisainls. of iiiectin}._rs
:uuni:ill_v. and
1iel‘l2tllllllj~_" to fariniii}__r and ;._-ood
house kcl-pii1}__v‘. and as well. «pies-
tions p<'l'l:llllillg1'1o le«_»'isl:itlli'c~ and
political econoni_\.

discuss

4[|lt‘>tlHll.~‘

Fill<'<_- out‘ leg‘-T

‘isl:ilure i'epi'e.seiit.ativcs were last‘
lll se.-sioii at thecapitol oliourstzite.

‘t'ai'niers have been reading".

think-5

in-_v'. <'ol1<'llldill_<_" ‘ind i'esol\‘iiij_»‘: and ‘l

the unusual. if not

conditions

alde<l by
junnatural.

that to«l::_\'l

l-lll'l’4llllltl him. he has become con-I

l('('l'll(’Il :uid critical. and
}:ictiii_<_r.

lll()I'(‘

wlincd to ask of the next l(.‘§_"l.~l:lllll‘4‘i

lsolne cli:1ii}_vcs in present. laws and
fthc cnactinent of new ones. Tli.-it

‘ ‘_ our re<piests of that bodv inav be

:_‘_[()\'(‘l'll(‘(l by justice :uid wise coli-
ser\'ation our ablest. best iiiforliit.-d
and active incinbcrs should be sel-

tlie ceinin}_r State (li'aii;_v‘e. The
('(>lllll1f_{' State (ii'aii;_re iinist be an
able and ]ll'()_Jl'(‘.s‘.s'l\'C bod_v or it
will fail to keep the pace alrc.~id_\'
set. ()n the first Tues<la_v in Octo-
ber connt_v coiiveiitions will be held
to select and deterniine, who shall
be \'()til1}_“lll0llll)('l'.s‘ of this 1llCt'tlll;_*'
where centers. and is to take prac-
'tical form. all of the yeai"s work
in .51iboi'tliiiate (iraiiges. I cannot
iit'_g_rc too st i'on;:l_v the _r_zrcat respon-
sibility that rests upon these count._v
con \'(-ntiolis. The .s‘ll‘(‘llg'tll and use-
fullness of the State tli'al1}_:e whol-

tl()ll.'\'llli'tl{lXl}_f wise selectioiisof dele-
;_§ates. No rules should 5_rovern tlieir
action ext-ept, the _«_2;ood of the order
and such as will make the b'ta‘.e
(i'l'zlll_$_{‘() an honor and credit to the
()l'2‘:ll1lZlLtl(>ll at lar_«,-‘e.

l\’esolutions and gcnerzil matters
of importance should be well coil-
sidered and prepared earl_v.

Let us pi'epa.i'e for and look for-
ward to the coinin«_r Stale (il’:ill_1f('
sessioii as by far the most import-
ant of any in the liistorv of the or-
}_ranization. (iico. l’). Ilnl{’l‘t).\'.

The Height of Factory Chimneys.

The notion that the greater the height
of a chimney for a boiler plant the
greater will be its draft producing
power is responsible for the existence of
many chimneys of imposing size and, at
the same time, unnecessary expense. A
very tall chimney, well proportioned
and gracefully outlined, may be a strik-
ing architectural adjunct to a factory,
but it is also one that costs considerable
money without doing any measurable
amount of good. Where chimneys are
intended to carry off noxious fumes
from chemical works, there is, of course,
some iiicthod in providing for unusual
height, since the aim in such a case is
to insure as complete as possible a dif-
fusion of the vapors and prevent their
mingling with the air of the lower
strataf but for boilers simply. unusual
height, as stated, is rarely based upon
a good reason.

As a xnatter of fact, the draft pro-
ducing capacities of chimneys having
fines of the same size are in proportion
to the square roots to their heights; so
that if one were to have double the
power, if it may be so called, of the
other it would have to be four times as
high, and not merely twice as high as
many would suppose. A height of 150
feet may be considered, on good author-
ity, as the maximum necessary in any
case for producing the requisite draft,
providing. of course, that the area of
the flue has been properly proportioned.
This latter should be made to bear a
pretty nearly direct ratio to the com-
bined areas of the boiler flues connect-
ing with it. A chimney much beyond
150 feet is generally suggestive of mis-
spent: money. —Cassier’s Magazine.

,,_._.j_1_..__ _.

_ _ ’ “TV _ 1-.
FOWRIOONE
Our wonderful success with the leading
railroads. has led some people to think our
farm trade had taken second place. This is a
mistake, as our books show that for every
1000 miles sold railroads. -t,0(O miles have irone
to the farmers. Railroad men buy Page fence
because it suits adjoining farmers.

PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE 60.,
Adrian, Mich.

ected to make up the personel of:

‘4*st in ill)‘ ease insisted that I should try
'\\ llliaiii~' l'iiik l’ills for l’:ile l’--oplc as he had

l_v depends upon county convcii-l

MAY BE CURED

A Case in Point,

Carefully Verified‘

by a Careful Paper.

I-‘moo il,4 (W /no v‘-[Ii

.\:n--ii: ‘til tl:-- ill

more ll'll'lllll-

tic-l; -» l."ll

than tlio--~

~ lll-Ii lllill-vt.5

rionc are li....-ri:.-

'll.“‘Il*l'*- Ilia‘ fit-loll ill»-n:-v~l\v - upon ll:
tiin ail-l LIl‘.t' »laili' -~\ i.l:»n<'-=- oi tln- ll:\.

tllv-3':ii’--cilv-ctiinz. .\'ou_;,.- oi them .-p-.- “or ;.t-»

(_\_7 ‘,t‘|Illlivlllll>'ll b_v pli,v-irnl pain. but llo- -ui-- and
. _ .' ',\.i.~ililc proi:r»~
lle will probabl_v feel in- _j ,,.,.,.,, .,.;,,, ,,.._. ,,,,,, .,

of the di---‘i-e ui:n«-r\--- ill“
oi‘
I"‘lf'lt"l on-r lxiui. powel‘lc~s to -t7i_v the lllillil --ti
lli--

~\\'o!'xl llziiiioels-.s -12-
(l(':llll. and \\'.'iI('lllll.'..' in nil-iital as--il_\
of the unequal contest

Hf this nature is ere:-piii.: paral)-i.-. tllal
:raduall_\' eiifolrls the victim in ll\l'lllll‘llr‘~. and
reinls-rs" him more and more ln-lpl»-.-.~' from day

to -l.'i,v. .\ case of tlii- (‘lI2ll'ilCIt‘l‘ and its ~[u-wl_\‘

.cui'e. i'u-cl-iitl)‘ (‘ante under the (lllsi-l‘\'.‘lll|ill of :i

I‘A»l'mi-zi:-lli-.i:,ii.o l"I']ul"(‘.~(*llI£lIl\'i' \\'llllI' at tin-
\illa.ue of .\lnrk«-l. Til.-‘cola (‘oniit_i. .\liclii:aii.
.\ll‘. J. I‘). llzilleiib»-ck. aleadini: fariner !h-~re.
\\'¥i~Illi‘ speaker. and as Mr. llall--nbeck was
Tl'lll!lL{ the story of llls owll case. we give it in
his Jwn words. To our 1"t‘[)l‘l‘~'I'llIi|ll\'l' lll‘ said:
".\bout three years aizodyspepsia rue»-ml in my
l'ainil_\. l lost one child. and \va- in_v.~ell' strick-
en down with it.

"tfter Ii few \\'cel(s' illness. l \v:i- able to in-
ont again and attended to rho \\-oi-k on ni_v
farm: but in a short time. as .1 result of in_\ ill-
in~:»:-. creepiniz paralysis attacked in_v lower
limbs and ~’(>nll rcaclied up into ill) arin.-. Mn

-entirely helpless. Tho P|tl\'lIIl(‘l‘> oi‘

ise w~*r»- .<llCll that l .<1lV\'lll a short tiino

d be (“ll'Il‘t‘l) par:ilyv,ed. ltried skilled

no-dieal atreiidaiice. bllt it was of no u-i-. Fin-

.‘ill\ l was till-it-ii to St. .'\1ar,v's liosg-ital at De-

lroit, '\li(‘li.. \vlio-re I had the best of lllll‘.<lllLf

andall that in»--liczil scieime could render. l

rt-iniiined there for i\\n \v--eks. but w_:ot no liettor
and was taken back to in_\' home.

"llv-r»-. :i neighbor who had talc:-ii L!l‘i'2li int--r~
llr.

used them hints»-ll \\ith pr-rfirct -\ll(‘('l'\> t'or;i
.-ilnilai illnr--'~'. l had llllll' faith in l'inl-. l’il‘..-’.
llo‘.\ev«-r. l got a box and continue-l i.'ll\‘lllLf
Tlltflll. .\t the end of the third box Ill) (‘on-litioli

wonderfully iniprov:-d. and witliin sir. \\‘6H',l\'.\'
l\\-is so well that l was :'lL'l'llll able to attend to
my work on my farm. .\ll ti‘2l(‘ns oi" the para].
_\'~l.s liad dislippt-art-.rl. ill|'l l llll‘ 1- ll:-.d no rt-turti
of the troiilile,

"l)r. Willianis l'iilk l’ills acted in in_\ e:-..-:- in
a \\i:ndert'Iil mauin-r. and quiekl_\. and to them
lascribe in)‘ relief from [)ttl‘5ll)>'l> and ll> ill
ti-ndcntill-. l)ulin: lll_\
;li_\s' ;:l pain. but \v.-is in in:-iltal UL’ ui_v as the
di-e: e [:l‘1l;ETf-~,~t‘ll from clay to de.). and its
llI"l'».’I‘I‘ss was ch-arl_\ ninrked by mi pvl'(‘,I‘[illl)l_\'
ilicrea.~iii;: ll(‘ll)lt'>'.\'lll‘..<.~‘.

"in all I took ciizht box:-.< of l’ink Pills. and

since l took them I have been \\'l'll find .~Il'UllLf. '

and able to do the hard work requireel on my
l'lL'lll_\ acre farm. lnow lo-i»p;ibo.x of Pink
I’ills on liaiid to use ill case l feel at all ailing.
and do not fear a l'l'(‘lll'I‘I'll(‘l‘ of my troiililes as
loin: us I li:tv»- thoiii."

.\.~ he eon('llided. Mrs. I{1llll'lIl)“('l\'lllllltdl that
<l '('Ill'lllllll_\' indorsed all that her liusbund had
said ill fiivorof Pink l’ills. and that site i‘ l
lll'l‘.~l'lf used them with perfect succ:--s in a c
of liver trouble.
them. and the mild. easv and «mick will‘ in
which they operated.

mi./_ 

lo.

l‘l"l.

illnr~s.~ 1 siii‘.':-in-ll no’

She was well plt-zisi-<.l with!

J’/it'll

\\'llilt- in .\l.ll’l\r'l. 'liu-coll liovilztt. :1 t.-\\ ll:i_,
--l'2.ll l1*lll.l£\l,l>i"l-l"'~<'lili!ll\'l~ lll'll7ll id
-of .'tli- l.»-\l .l--roni-- \\ llll ll.l|l Ila‘:-ll -'ll
_\e:lr-:in-l ll'|\\ iiml .";l"‘l
ll. -lr--n_'tll 'll!‘l l:.llI[illl"\ ie\
V .n.‘ilk.il:l--nit--li-‘i:i-'llil' lot *
l ' ’ . _'. \\Iill4lv‘Tllll our-~-. \\ll"l<'
1- -: ‘ll-l -killed iii:--liczll
lllitl\'.llll 1
upon ll 1.1! ll“l'<'lh~_\ lmi ~lo~ fl-. lnl:
lsonle wont lll. wli--<e clc; c--inplx->'.iol.
\'ll'\1‘lilllillllIZl\t'lil)I'\lil-‘ll“" of 1/1"‘

‘I--riiiiz. \‘l\'l"l lll l"L"ll'-l lo lo-r misi-
vll‘l'Ulllz‘ told the slol'_\ of l|v‘l' illn~--- us tn-l
l low-:

“l’ol' Illliilll lift.-t-ii _\~-Jlrs l \\:i~ tl‘~-lllili--l \\lll’
rli--uin:iii-in and my (‘:rll|llllHll liiially ln'(‘.'lllll' -«I
ball that th-»onl,v \va_'. l could get around tln
ll:-ii.-v at time- was ll_\ piisliiln: It i‘lI.'iir in front
of tile l~*uil'er-~-l a great deal and tried i.-irion.~:
reiin»diu-s. but they di-I not Allie llll‘ any relief.

.l<'in2illy. after rcmln.-_: nisim‘ inwvounts of tin-
wonderful (‘urns t-ll":-cit-ll in llr. \\'illi:in:s' l’ink
l'ill.~ for l‘:ile l’:-oi-ll-. about two _\I'lIl‘~ um» I (It-'
If‘l‘llllllt'1llllil‘)'Illl‘lllJ|llilLIK|' a box. I had not
taken over two lioxes of lllwso pills \\'lll‘ll l l:¢~~
;.'-in toner bolt--r. and in a short lime l was so
well that I wont \\'ll’ll‘lll_\ husband lotln-\\'orld.~
Fair at Vliicauo.

I had read with great ll|Il'[‘t‘~I oi‘ ll.i- Lfrfllnil
pi-eparatioiis there and had _\'I'.’ll'll|'ll for this
[il~‘:l.~'lll‘I' ol' seeilii: the \\'olidv-rfnl .~l‘.{lll~

You can rt-:i:lil:.' iui2n.:iiie what ii (‘ll.'lllL.'I' has
been 1‘lT!‘('Il‘ll in my condition to allow of such it
l':itiu'uiln.' jnllI‘lie_v. .\ short time lu-loin l hum‘
l)l‘I‘ll('0lllllll>'d totlie lioilse. H ll»-liilz-ss iiivilitl.
butl was then. at"!-~r ii.-in: six boxes of lir
Williaiii.-' l'ink l'ill.s. able to --uio,\ all the pleas-
tires of a trip to ('lii(‘:iuo and the \\'orld's Fair.
with all its attl-lidzilit exertiolis and f:itiL:iIl~.
Froin tln- day that l be-«_'an to use llIi'~4- [:lll~. my
condition stcadil_\ iinprovod. and l am now (ai-
\‘ll"'l_\' cured of my ailnielit of tiff»-en _\:-:lr-~.~l:ui<l-
ins:. How did I feel aft:-i‘ in)‘ return fron. that
trip.’ \\'liy. l TV“ as xv:-ll :1-evo-r. and all of the
janiitiniz and .-i«.:litso-eiiiiz. the l1uir_\‘ and bustle,
ll:-.d no lll |‘lllf‘('l.~ on lin-

lcannol telltlie \\'on(lI'l‘lul ainouni oi ',:n(>4I
that l‘iiik llills linvo ll:\v'll to me. and \vln~in-vi-i
I \l"‘£llL\' of lll_\' trio-nds -nll'v-ri.'n: from l‘lII>lllIl'
atisni or other blood or nerve trouble-. l al\v;i_v.~
advise them to Ilse Ilr, \\‘illi.'im~' l’ink l'ill-:. I
am Ill\\'Pl_\‘.-‘ rc:-.dv to let all otln-rs know how I
.suil'vrr*rl and how my still":-i'iiigs were run-ll.
l’ink I‘ills are H i.:l':uid reiiii-d_\' for trouliles sucl;
as I had liinl now I I‘I‘llllll)' l)"_'l1‘\'l* all the /!('(Il'
Lliioizs that l ln-ar said oi" lllt'lll. and the ni:iii_\
(‘tires that are report»-ll Iolloxviinz their use.
Tln-_v (Irv a win i-il'ill T'l'lllI‘ll_\' mid slioulli lu-
iis:-ll in lllli.ll_\ troubles.’

This and niuvh more did Mrs. «Jl'l’illlIl' :~ll_\’. to
'.-'ho\vlio\v liii:lil_\ -lie estecnnul llr. \\'illi.'nos'

l’ink Pills. She was L!l'Illl‘llll for it rt-iii:-:l_\ that
,li:ld so s[n‘(‘1lll_\' and l|ll]l[|ll) ended her yl-ar-: oi

still":-riiiiz. To lier i-lirir-~st v.'or'l- Ml‘. Jenn -;il
-so anldml his ll'.\lllll1lll_\' as totlieb--in-lit tlz; fol
~ lowed his will-‘~ use of Pink l’ill~. .'Illll atlrl:-d
that he had liinisull’ us:-d lllv’lll with great hen-
l

.i,.-

ll
1ili«'ll’\ .... .

-lit.
l)r_ Wllliuiiisi l‘ilik l‘ills for l’alv‘ l’i-oplc urw
now iziven to the public as an unl".'iililo.' lilo.-xi
builder and nerve reslorer. curing all forms ol
‘\\'--:ilciie-‘s arising from :1 ‘.\'2llI'l}' condition ol
~tln- blood or .‘ll{lIIl'l'('Il llI'l‘\l'~. Tlo- pill.‘ are
'.sold by all 4lr‘-all-rs, or will li - »-nt post paid on

..l4) (they aro never sold lll bulk or bi‘
by addressilnz llr. \\'illianl-‘ .\l--dlcine t'on-.pany
p\‘cliein-ct:idy. X. Y

THE Hlniiiiilm GRUBERY COMPANY,

No, 238, 240 and 242 East Pearl St.

®Efi@KR®A$$

Janies Haniilton. President.

Wllliain llaniilton. Tl‘('ll-4lll‘(‘l".

‘-il3‘.E_‘LyDa

(‘lnisz (;, .\'llalll3, Secretary

We are prepared to fill all (_ii'an§¢- orders at lowest \Vll()l(‘f~'l|l(' rates.

BINDER TWINE

The Seasoiils at
hand.

We’re the largest sellers in the world.
1000 TONS, bought and paid for, for this season‘s

sales. Two kinds.
Prices the lowest.
Twine. That‘s by sample.

posted.

Sisal and Manilla.
There's just one wise way to buy Binder
Take the sample in your hand.
TEST IT. Look the price in the eye.

Quality the best.

There you are. fully

Vile send Samples. and quote prices, free for the asking.

Buy Binder Twine at Headquarters.

FOR THE RIGHT PRICE

of almost everything that’s

CATALOG [TE and BUYERS’ GI.‘

Money saved is same as earned.

used in life, have our (;‘rl‘lNERAI¢

IDE always with you. Buy Right-

We hand it to you if you call at our great 10—acre Store,
or send it for 15 cents, in coin or stamps, to pay part of post-

age 01‘ expressage.

Montgomery Ward 85 Co,

Monarchs of the-Mail Order Business, the Store of all the People.
111, 112, 113, 11-}. 115, and 1143 Michigan Avenue.
Directly Opposite the new Post Oflice, CHICAGO.

GAMPBELUS EARLY

00000000
Our Marvelous New

GRAPE

Best and most valuable. Highest commendation from highest: authorities. Hardy, healthy, vig-
orous, very productive. Early or late. Largest clusters, finest quality, not foxy. seeds need

not be swallowed.
guarantee safe arrival by mail.
Introducer of unrivalled Red Jacket Goose-
bei-rv and Fay Currant. Catalogue free.

Sold by many reputable Nurserynien.
Largest. stock of grape vines in the world. small friiiis.

CEO. 8. JOSSELYN, Fredonla, New York.

None genuine without our .‘|PHlS. We