% “THE VARIVIER IS OF IlI01i‘3E CO4 iS'E(_)UE.2VC1'} THAN TIIE ,l"AI’.7lI, AND SHOULD BE .I"IIfST IJ1.I’Ii’OVEI)." VOL. 7,—N0. .3. l_ WIioLr; No. 10!). 5 SCH()()LCRAFT. .\IICl}l., _‘[A1\).Cl'I 1, 1881. Entered at the Post Office at Schoolcralt j as Second Class matter. ‘ i_’E3l\TI.a.A.IR.G‘rECD) ', ls Yiibliralicil on the First and Fifteenth of every inonib, AT FIFTY GENTS PER ANNUM,i .lL‘l4,-vcn (Ponies for $‘.").C)(). J. COBB, Editor and Manager, , To whom .'lll i’;->iiiru'inii:.i‘.’..,iia -ihculd he 2'..l'.li'e.~.«-.~‘eil, at Sci:-,iolci';ir't, I'.Iu.‘.i. . . .. - l Coniiiiiiiiicaluiiis tor, and (llii-respoiiilciicc ]'(‘l‘rll’jllg , to the .lgricultuml l)cp.ii'tnicii: of the Lxiissoiz \ 1.3- i rrou, slioul-.1 lie Llll'(‘(‘.l+.‘tltu A. 1‘. (.ir.ix»-.>,r-;.v, Paw Paw. Rcmittaiices should bc by I?.c,;islercd Letter,2i1oiiey j Order, or Draft. i l l WINNDEX TO THIS NUMBER. } Y Cabin Pliilosopliy-—l-‘ruit Pm-;perts —Wool—(.‘cZc1'y— 5 ‘What is Legal Inteicst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l ; Appendix to Digest of L:iwsu.nd Deni. ins, Arlopte_r.l i 1.11:}. Sessi(ill,lH50—~Iu11l& County Farmers’ liisti- l tute——1teport of Committee on ’l‘raiisportation—As l Others See Us——Iteport of Committee on Agricul- | ture~l.'.a.ilronds and l.'sury—— Urupc Pruning— ’ Learning to Swim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 , YVlierc I VVould Live-From Outside the Gafe——An ‘ l l l I Unnecessary Expense that the People Ought. not to l’ay—Motions and Resolutions—A Word in Sea- fion-—(lrnfton (,‘rra1i[_vc, No. l'.’l———An Argument from a VVorkin,v_; Grange — Tuscola. County Pomona Grnnqe, No. ili)——Union (iriuige, No. 97—Branch County Pomona (lrnnge——Ualhoun County Pomo- na Grange—liighani County .lraii,rzc—- A Few \Vords from Grange No. 8—Good Time Generally 8 The Anti-Monopoly I.eegue—Stute Grange Reports \Vaiited, Election Return.-—Newaygo Co. Ponie- na Gi'aii,r_;(-., No. ll-—Value of Co-()peration———In- creasing its Borde1I'.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 Pic-kings by the \\"ny, No. ]{L'f.l(l*~~Fllldl1lg lfuult Gi*r»\vi..g,- '{.io (.lo- l 1-‘ 'l‘:' --1’1*rmis' Northern licsort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Lost and I*‘ound-Tlio.~;c Bo_v.~2—~Tho Moiiths—Ficld \‘l'ork of Sister b'tcelc—(,a'rivc the Women ii. chance —l’.isi-s to Expluiii~—’l'hc True Siprit—Uli0iCc Rec- ipes— Uatmeal as Food—Little Brown Hamis- Qiiestiiiiis tor our Young Folk:-i—Uiicle Nine (i=.l’tll- crs his Gliildicii About Him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Uncle Nine I‘loo.s.c;l——Tlic Reaper De:itli—Advcrtisc- menls...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 \Vhu.t Pursnitsiii Lil'c—Iiist'.*.llatioli and .\‘.ociab——.-\d- vertisenients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Ofiicers National Grange. MAs'ri-‘.R—J. J. VVOODMAN, (Paw Paw) Michigan. Ov1:nsr:xn——l’lfT. DARDEN. - — Mississippi. LEc'rur.nn—IlE.\'RY ESHBAUGH, - Missouri. S'1‘EwARD——A. J. VAUGHN, - Mississippi. ASST. STEwA1:D—VVlLLIAlilI SIMS, - Kansas. CI1APLAI2\'—S. H. ELLIS, - - - Ohio. TBEASUBIiI’.—F. M. MCDOWELL, - New York. SECRETARY—WM. M. IRELAND, \V-asliington, D.C GATE—KEEI’EB—0. DINWIDDIE, - Indiana. Czar-;s—MRS. J. J. WOODMAN, - Michigaii.. PoMo1vA—MRS. PUT. DARDEN, - Mississippi. FLORA-—MIlS. I. W. NICHOLSON, - New Jersey. LADY Assr. Srr:w.u;D—MRS. WM. SIMS, Kansas. Executive committee- D. VVYATT AIKEN, - - South Carolina. H. JAMES, - - - — Indiana. \V. G. WAYNE, - — - New York. Ofllcers Michigan State Grange. M.——C. G. LUCE, - - - Gilead. 0.—-A. N. WOODRUFF, - - \Vatervliet. L.—C. L. VVHITNEY, - - - Muskegon. S.—S. A. TOOKER, - - - - Lansing. A. S.—A. E. GREEN, - - Fannington. C.——SALMON STEEL, — Illuntoii, VVexfcrd Co. T.—S. F. BROWN, — - - Schoolcraft. Sxc.—J. T. COBB, - - - Sclioolcinft. G. K.—ELIJAH BAl’.'l‘LE'l"l', — — Dryden. CERES.——MBS. A. S. S’.l‘Al\'NAP.I), - - Lowell. Ponoxs.--l\Ir.s H. D. PLATT, - - Ypsilanti. FLOEA.—MBS. A N. \VO0DEUFF, Vfatervliet. L. A. S.-——l\ins. A. E. GREEN, - Farmingt-on. Executive Committee- THOMAS MARS, Chairman, — Berrien Center. J. VVEBSTER CHILDS, — - Ypsilanti. F. M. HOLLOWAY, - - - Hillsdale J. Q. A. BURRINGTON, - - Tuscola, WM. SATTERLEE, - - Birmingham. THUS. F. MOORE, - - - - Adrian. JOHN PORTER. - - Grand Rapids. C. G. LUCE, J. T. COBB, - - Ex-olficio. General Deputy. C. L. WHITNEY, - " - - Muskegon. State Business Agent. THOMAS MASON. - - Chicago, Ill. Special Lecturers. Thos. F. Moore,.. .... ... .. ....Adrian, Lenawee Co. Geo. W, Woodward..... . ....Shelby, Oceans. Co M. L. Stevens,.:.. .. .. . . . ... .Perry, Shiawaagee Co_ . . . . . . . . .. ..Manton, Wexford Co. L. R. Brown,. . . . . . . . . . ....Ra.wsonville, Wayne Co.. Andrew Campbell,. . . . . . .Ypsila.nti, Wnshtenaw Co. Chas. E. Mickley. .. . . . . .. . . ..Adrian, Lenawee Co. RINTED BY KALAMAZ00 PUBLISHING P 00., Pnrxrnns AND Pimusmzns. Kalamazoo. ... ...- ._ uiiullimil ;,wi.rlniii.il, . Gr.1nni;.\', - - Pxw PA W. CABlN PHILOSOPHY. ‘ Jes' turn the buck-log cbcr, d:i.r-zin’ pull _i,'oiii'iit:;.‘ils up ni,'.-'her, ‘ _ _ An’ watch dirt ’po:simi cool-:iii’ in dc s;l;illr,:t by -lt: ,, . lire ; niy 11::-liii’.s flow, , :,»_cro.-as the lake, iiiodei'2iI»r--.l iii: 1: viipcrsiture , the mc1'cury fell at :2 i‘alll;;I_f of frozn ~—l‘_"‘ to , LCIII nie .~pi'e,ml my ligs out on do l,iri<;l;-. to n;::l :5-in I go. , Now, in dose busy wul;in' Llil_\':|, LlL.'.-.1 vilrwi-gel ‘Jlif scri,.tcr lzisliioiis, An’ you lice-(lift lI.Ul{ loiiiimln.-ls. to idiunisli you wid rzitinn;s2 : Now, wlicn yoii's vs:-.1itiii’ loaves o’ ‘o.'c,\.il, jun ;_:i.t to go an’ fclcli ’em, An’ ef you’s wzintin’ lishcs, you mus’ dig yo’-:.r W‘llli-‘ U1et.emI;L,,.:,t,,,.L, SCv,_,,.a1 degrees. and the im_ - mediate proximity of the hike will this year an’ hetcli ‘em; For you kin put it down he 5‘i1l'llll, d ‘t do tizii-3 is long guilt: by, 5 \Vlien sassa rcs an’ ’taters use to rain loin out de- la sky I Rf you think about it kcerfully, nn’ put it to the tee’ You’ll disykiver dzit de srifcs’ plan is gin'nlly dc lie.-1': ters sciitter, on needn't stun’ dali line 1! fool an’ nrgorfy dc mutter ; An’ when do yellow fever comics an’ settles all nrouii‘, , ’Tis better dun do karranteen to sliullle out o’ town. Dar's heaps 0’ dreadful music in de very lines’ fiddle A ripe an’ inellei‘ apple may he rotten in de middle; De wises' lookin’ trabeler may be dz: biggos' fool ; Dnx's lots 0’ solid kicliin’ in de hunibles' kind 0’ mule: De preiiclier uin’t do holies’ (lat w'nrs de ineekcs' look, An’ does do loudes’ bar1giii' on do kiver of de book. Do people pays deir bigges' hills in buyin' lots and n’s , _ . . , _ T71 _- will -3.: ll‘: -=._“"-"'_',‘UlS‘-. ‘ l‘uVll' do petlllllli stan s ; De twenties an’ dc lifties goes in piiyin’ orf deir rents, But Hebcn on’ de 0l'g:Ll‘.~g‘.‘lLld<:l‘ git.» dc copper cents. I nebber likes dc cullud main dat thinks too niuirh 0‘ cutiii’; Dat frolics froo de wu'kin (lays, an‘ niioozcs at..de nieetiii’ ; Dal. 'ines (le teniihiice ’ciet' zin’ keen.» ‘ii. irittin‘ J 1 I l :3 tig it, An’ pulls his \V".‘.ieI‘-Illllllliiilfi in de niivitllc oh «la night ! Dese milertcrry nigger cli:-.1-s, with rnuskets in dcir lion's. Parrailiii’ tron de city to de music oh do b::n’a, Had liatter drop deir guns, an’ go to murn;hin' Will deir hoes, An’ git a. hones’ libbin' as dey chop dc cotton row.-.i ; Or dc State may put ’cni arter while to drillin’ in do ditches, \Vid more (Ian 3. single stripe as runnin’ 'cross deir breaches. “Tell, you think dot doin’ nuliiin’ ’t-all is mighty sol’ :in’ nice, But it busted up de renters in de luhly Pz11‘Ll.(llSe Z You see, cley beta was humon beins’ jes’ like me an‘ ‘on, An’ dclv couldn't reggerlate deirsolves wirl not ‘li thing to do ; Wid Ilenty wuk make. Dey'd neober thought 0‘ loafln’ ’roun’ and chiittin’ wid de snake. ~l_Sc9‘i'lnzer. bcfo’ ‘em. an‘ a cotton crop to Fruit Prospects. In a State like ours, where such B. wide range of fruits are sueee;-‘sfiilly grown, it is a. matter of some solicitudc to know how dis- astrously the exccptioiialily cold xvcatln-r ofthe past winter has affected fruit prospects, especially the tender sorts. W'illi apples, pears, plums and sour clicrrics, the buds. are almost as lizirdy as the tree itself, and we look for their blossoms in their season with almost the certainty of seeing the r.s'&'a'~‘L’)‘1l re- turn. Eut with peaches, sweet C'.l1el'i'l€'H, grapes, and most of the berries, our anxiety is measured by the range of the therinome- ter. “'9 once considered 14 degrees below zero death to peach buds, but so much de- pends on the condition of the trees when winter sets in, that no dc-fiinite degree can be fixed upon that divides life from death. If such a winter as the present had follow- ed the autumn of the year previous, it is probable that scarcely a peach tree in liIicl,i— igan would be alive, to say nothing of the buds. A warm October, starting the sap afresh and stimulating the buds into new life, is certain death to them, if the mercury falls much below zero. But last season was exceptional, in that the wood and buds rip- ened u p early, the leaves ripened before frost came, and we find live buds after weather 20 degrees below. But the effect of extreme cold is again varied by circumstances. The mercury may drop to 20 below on some still morning, and not bring such disaster to ten- der fruits as a cold southwester will, if con- tinued all day, with the mercury at only 14 below. The probabilities are that the peach buds were mostly killed throughout Michigan, :iii.surc a fair crop, iiiilus l".ll‘ ' occur. A :‘.‘i'-’>l'lllL' rrziiiiiiimi l. X-‘ the east wind £ll<)ll}:f tlzl: east slioz‘-: was the fi~.’l'ect it had on the ice, \\'llll,'ll was blown ,:icrr2ss the hike, and a wide strip of water _ - stirred up the alinospliere from top to bottom Ei you stumble on ll. hornet’s lies’ un’ muke dc crit- :, ‘1 cxix-pt along the lake r-iliore, uluring the sc— Vere weallicr in J:u'iusii'y. The wéiiil ('(>llllIl,|_“ I in the vicinity at that time, --i {knit at no place did the inercury fall below ———l;". llut ezirlyin I-‘cl)ruai'_v the wind lvlc‘\\r' froiii llll‘ Ell.-ll. for se\'erzil (l'l}'.<, mid il:i:i!i;: !l‘=i', iinir-, ‘ ——l.‘$”, accordicg to im'J.ll£)ll. mid 1‘.-':>':ii two- liftlis to tiirce-l'oui'i‘h.< oi‘ llll-' l,iz1.ls lire l~LlliW.l, 5 zzccordiiig to l’)('lltlI>i1 lillll v;ii'§s,~«, li 2:1‘./l Hr.iz:.l .l.li'iV'(,‘ll, to ’ A. s:3lli- ‘ _r }lll.~'li:l}\.‘-l ; f.‘.)!l‘i})li.ll_}'lilg belt-cd the land, which no doubt iiioderated ,, .,.. _. ... ..__ .-. ».——. be notably exempt from utter failure. l~Iievzitioii.=s inland were of no avail during the severe cold of January, on account of. the Hl.l‘(:llg wind blowing at the time, which and «lid not allow the cold to settle in the’ valley, as it naturally will in a calm. Ex- periments at the time showed this condition of tliings. So that the hilltops this year can- not put on airs and invite us to look on this picture and then on that: this especial priv- ilege is left to the lake-shore people. Several iroii—clad varieties of berries are bclorc the public, and this practical test of their hardness is worth more to tie to than any asseitioiis of interested parties. Horne one has said, “ Doubtless God could make :1 more delicious fruit than the strawberry, but doubtless lie ll€‘\"(‘l'il. ,’,_";'l_, \Vlicre show had fallen as it llfls in our state, the strawberry plant is in pcrfcct condition, as far as the wintcr can affect tlicin,aud the danger of winter killing is 1,‘ol‘:_u,‘lll.'i‘\lly past. ’l‘liose who have good beds will do well to .-_‘<:a:-,‘()llz1l)i)' care for tlieni, for they llll.lFl supply the loss siistaineil by [lie (l‘:‘:;“.l'UC‘.l0l1 of some of the tree friiils. ’l‘hi.~‘ will be the oll'ycr.r for iipplc orcliaids. , and it will be a good plan ['.)l1l1‘il}l.ll't‘.ll‘.lLl CLll- ' iivate, in order to grow io pci'.“L-clioii the comparatively S‘.ll1tllall1()lli,Il. iln-.t is likely to set. In this way a small crop oils-n bring:-i as inucli money as zi large one. Wool. it will be reiiienibercd lllJl[1lEll.lt'£ lust :u-s- l sion of the State Grange il(?0I]]l‘;1l[l.L‘8 xvus appointed, consistiiig of the following gen- tlemen, viz: H. 5l.llpl1.1l1ll, Grand Ledge ; A. C. Glidden, Paw .l’:*.\V, and (l. W. Van- Aken, of (,‘oldw:1_ter, to whom was entrusted the duly of devising some plan by which members of the Grange could ship their own wool, and avoid the jockcyiiig practiced by the buyer.-‘i in our own niurkct.-i. That committee is now prepared to report progress. Quite an extended correspond- ence has been had with different parties, principally in Boston, in relation to the nnitter, and e-xtrac1.s from them aregiven below. lt will be seen that tlicy c.mbody true Gr-aiigc principle.-:. l'iOS'l‘~').\', Jan. lT:.li, 1.581. H. ‘1‘n1i*:iIA.\',_(lr;iii:.l _l.cvlge: ])eT’C(/' ..'\’i'r.—- Oiir rcprcseiitzitivc sviins us 1lile‘X'.l‘?.(’.l. from the GlSil1lL’t' " llll>llle.~:~' i.-‘ the (’lll]l2\I\', and yet lllt‘ “b‘ilo" l)()l,llll lllt.-l (,UllllllL‘ll(,‘€(l, and iv. look.-7 now as tlioiigli it iiiiglil ainiouiit to ll “ furor,” as “ l\l()l'l-‘:4 .‘\llllll<’ullll.‘i,’” (,‘liiI1o.~i- potatoes, and :1 long list of d¢i‘uiii:i liuiiiiings did in .‘.,.a,-.- zagoii-:.——-(.‘., /zz 11:4.»-/iizrzrlrrziin. V ‘‘ ‘hat is l.c';3l1:iir—rcsl? 'l'lic i-llii-Is of the all. lr-Klllclilg the ralc of iiitcr-.=,~l in New Yo i. s‘_r_uL.. 1,, _.,-;x P“. cent. on ili()I'l£fLl,'-,’(‘~,' _'.1‘l\‘Uil previous to the ]i{t8.~‘t1_EZl-‘ of the bill, are not generally un- ileistood; and we doubt not, many 3” hard carncd (l.Ull‘.1l' now goes into the hands of the capitalist where he could not enforce its collection. \Vc have investigated this subject, ainlobtaiiicd the best legal c(3uncil_ - Un l1‘.()l'[3._'_:l'.;’(‘S made before the not passed notify some ineniber of the (l-'.)l)ll1lllt(*t’, that a compilation can be made as the l):l‘ilS _ offurtlicr ncgotiatioii-s. This should be at- tended to at once, for little enough time is left to complete the nrrzingcinciits to success- full_v carry out such an enterprise. llcailers of the \'isI1‘oR will be apprised of every slip of progim-ss;inaile by the (‘om- znitti-c. Celery. This vcg'ctuL-l»;- a short time since was quite rare. but is now becoming very popular. Almost every one having a garden is beginning to ell41l.lll'e how to grow it. Having had very good success in growing this delicious vcwetable, I will give the rcziders of the Yisiron niy niodc or‘ growing the shine. I .-‘mv the seed in 11 hot bed, the last of Marc}: or the llrst of April. It niay be sown in open ground, if sown as early 11:; the ground can be made ready. ‘.‘.’lien the plums are about three or four inclic;-A higli, they are transplanted in a lJ‘,‘Ll in opi-ii ground, where they can be I~.ll('ll‘.’l‘c'.l il'C»l‘.l sun and wind fora fewdays, until they have 5tI‘ll('l§ (as gardeiiers term it}, when the sliading may be removed. ’l‘his part of the cultivation I consider ofmucli iinportancc lo the be-,;inucr, us the plants become stocky and ll‘;l.l'd to staiid the hot scorching run, after planting in treiiclies. S()I).l&{illlt* in July, on a inoist dziy, they should be transplanteil into the troiiclirs, which should have been prepared in llic following nianzier: \Vitli the liorsc.-i and plow, throw out a furrow each way in good ricli soil as deep as the plow will run with wheel oil‘. (Jloari out with a shovel the bottom of furrow, then put in about two inches of well rotted mzmure (1 use that from the hot beds), over this put about two or three inches ofsurfiice soil, and it is ready for the plants. Two rows may be set in each trench, eight or ten incli- es apart, and plant.‘-i six inches apart in row. Keep well cultivated until about the last of September, when you should coinincncc banking up; care should be taken in this to hold the plant so that the soil will not go down between the leaves, and not too much at a time, so as to cover the crown. At an- other time, ifdcsircd, I will tell how to store it for winter. J. N. b"l‘lJAl{_\'>.'. Kalamazoo, Feb. ‘_’;‘sl., L581. Apropos of the laborious cliaracler of the furinere occu;-alion, it is interesting and may be instructive to notice how some who consider therin-elves as models, seem to be doing their best to aggravate these labors and render the business still more distaste- ful to their sons. Now, water is good in its place. It is generally plenty and cheap. It is not supposed by chemists to contain much nutriment. Animals know how much they need, and will help themselves tojust that much and no more. But the quality per- taining to water. which this class of farmers seem (lclerniined to ignore, is its weight. It is decidedly a ponderous substance, and con- sequently expensive to move and carry. It used to be customary to slop the milch cow in winter. It was thought that dry meal would make a dry cow. It is now well known that the cow will lick up the dryest meal in the stanchion, and go to the water trough and wet it up to suit herself, and give as much milk as she would by the old method of feeding. Vi/ith regard to roots, it is admitted that beets, turnips, carrots, ete., are excellent for cattle of all kinds. But so is corn meal and wheat bran. Many good farmers grow and feed roots extensively in England. Their mild winters enable the British farmer to turn his sheep in the tur- reduciiig the legal rule of interest, and not )'€t.lldL:, lll which the rule ofinterest is desigiimed as seven per coiit,, seven pep cent. (‘All éillll be collcclcd. If the mortgage was due when the act I'e(lllCllljJ,‘ interest went iiito cllcct, only six per cent. can bu eiiforced from that date. After the mutu- l‘it.V 01' any lllorlguge in which seven per cent. \Vz1,‘_1‘ named or ollwrwise, only six per cent. (-an be cnforccd. There are a. large iiunilm-_ oi nioi'tgug:-s, ‘not yet matured, which simply suite “ willi imerest,” vvjui. outiiiniiiiig.-' any partii-ului' rate. l.{ere aris- es an important question. The holders of such lllOi'l_‘.{2l.geS pci'sislently claim .-seven per cciit., arid iloulitlcss inost of the interest payers piiy that rate, yet the best opinions we can get are that only six per cent. can be enforced in siicli cu.-:(-s. This point lias‘ not, liowcver, been E~('l.ll£‘(l in the Courts, .liaw'yer.~i siinply give their opinion in tlic pi'eiiiiscs. ’l’liv-y su_v that the intent of the iiistruiiienl is that where no rate of interval is named ihe lcgzil rate sli-all rule, 1V'lllll2£;V- it iiiziy lie. ‘TllU5‘l.. it the legal rate hull l;i.‘(:ll lll<‘l1,‘:lS(.‘(l lo k-l‘,'_,‘.ll[ per cent, the mom. }_r,2igo1' yvoulii have incl-11 (,‘f.|ll]pCll‘:(l to pay llizit r:i-.e. llarge liolilcrsof iiiortguges, wlio are stal Jott'ng-i—— I‘o W est Michigan Fsuit-Grrowars —Notice3 of Me et- inga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 53;’ School Systieid: Pat:-iFt.‘e—ih Your Note Book 4Patent Rights-—Needs of Michigan Agri- culture—Agricultural Notes— Green Food for Swine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oar Criminal Courts and “Jury Fixing.”— Our Eating and Drinking Hab1ts—Success- ful Co-operation ———'l‘he Cincinnati Roits— Lecturer's Communication, X.-itional Grange P. of H.——White Mountains and Sea-Shore Excursions —Adver .lSl11Bl1l’.B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 “Mother's R)0u1"~—Home—— A Dream-Chib dren's D.iy—Comunu Sense . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Apple Bl0lS()m1—-“A. Little Talk to Country Folk."—F‘urest Nature- Crop Report for May —The Reaper Death —The Markets. . 7 =$oclau's Eiiiilmiul. J.T.Coas, - - HIGHWAY WORK. When this issue of the Vrsrrou -breaches it readers, the road making season will be close at hand. Some work should have been done at a much earlier date, but under the op er- ation of Michigan law and with the prevailing reluctance to do highway work except by compulsion, little or no work is done until the overseer has his warrant from the highway commissioners, and this must wait for the supervisor to complete his assess- merit. The fact that the object of road-work is to make a good road is more gener- ally lost sight of than that a certain amount of work must be done . Did I say work? That is not the right way to state it——a certain amount of time must be put in. Under the present system, highway work is seldom applied as a man does his own farm work. That is, so the. 1 a given amount of work will give the best returns. Water seeks its level, and when a load or two of dirt is dumped into a hole in the road, if there is not enough solid matter to ex- pel the water we havg only made more mud by adding more loose dirt, but that same place when turnpiked and gravelled vastly smooths the “path of life” to the man who drives over it 9. dczen times .s week. Manya man wears into a stick or rail under his wheels who were he to see a stick or stone in his farm lane would tell his boy to throw it out of the track before going over it once. Others besides himself are interested in the removal of obstructions in the public highway and the average man will suffer repeated inconveniences, rather than exercise any considerable amount of pu‘::lic spirit. If each man would feel a responsibi- lty for the condition of the roads in his district, in proportion to the amount of his travel over them, '. we should soon have highways very much improved. While we do not think the Mich- igan system of road making a good one, yet, if the business of road mak- ing was fairly well understood and prosecuted in a business like manner, the roads of southern Michigan would do very well. The average overseer dcn’t seem to understand that water and dirt make mud, and that water is always will- log, and in fact is seeking a chance to get off the road bed, and that what is most wanted is to so construct the road bed that when water falls upon it, all but the little absorbed by the surface earth will hasten to get off the road before used to make mud by passing wheels. Highway work should cover the entire season. A few hours work in each district judiciously applied every week, not in filling up mud holes, but in running a smoothing scraper over the road to prevent the making of mud holes, would be such an ap- plication of common sense in a busi- ness way, as would vastly benefit all who have occasion to use the high- sway. Since writing the above, we see, by an article in the Farmer-’s Review, that a State Convention of Highway Commissioners was held at Springfield, I1l., some time in April. The convention continued two days in session with an attendance of over 200 delegates. Some valuable practical results should follow such a meeting. The following resolutions adopted by the convention, are all the ones given in full by the Review : “Reso7ved,—'I‘hat it is the sense of this convention that the general as- sembly should by law devise some means whereby the labor of convicts in the penitentiaries of the state can be employed in preparing materials for and in the construction of perma- nent roads, such employment to be ar- ranged between the county and state authorities in such manner that the . labor of convicts shall not be leased to I private parties, but shall be under the 1 control of the public authorities. 1 Reso.’ved,—'l‘hat it is the sense of this Iconvention that by the judicious em- ployment of convict labor for such purpose the two important questions of the employment of convict labor and the construction of good public roads now agitating the public mind, may be satisfactorily solved to the lasting benefit of all concerned.” Several other resolutions were adopted. Among the number, one that will hardly meet with the support of radical temperance people, although the resolution itself is radical enough in the direction of improving the roads. The resolution declares, “that the 4 laws of the state and nation should be so amendei that one-half the revenue derived in the state from intoxicating liquors and tobacco should be set apart for the improvement of roads.” The organization of the road com- missioners of the state _was made a permanent one by the election of officers. Good will come of such an organi- zation, though it ought not to be nec- essary, it is so plain a case that almost every citizen has a personal interest in good roads. WORTHY OF IMITATION. Short Creek Grange, Missouri, has adopted a new plan, and it is a feature that we would like to see introduced into every Grange. In less than two years they have, without depleting their treasury, accumulated 250 volumns of choice literature. The library has drawn all the young f)1kS in the neighborhood to the Grange andmakes them enthusiastic for the principles of the Order. Here is a means of education open to the sons and daughters of farmers and mechanics that is within the reach of all and at little or no expense; and besides this, it will make them satisfied with their avocation in life and fit them for any position in society. It will be a strong power to keep them free from vicious associations and evil influenc- es. In this way, if, under proper management, the children of the rural districts will er-joy as great facilities for intellectual culture as the residents of larger towns possess. The matter is certainly worthy the atten- tion of the different Granges.—Frrrm- e1"s Friend. While we say “amen” to the whole of the above, let us repeat one clause, viz. “Here is a means of ed- ucation opened to the sons and daugh- ters, offarmers,” etc. It is well to stamp that fact indelibly on every mind; that every well chosen library is ameans of education to every one who comes in contact with its books. Doubly is this true in an organize.- tion like the grange, where the object is to promote growth, mentally and morally. There is an indescribable inspira- tion in the fact that some one else is reading, or thinking, or talking of the same that you are—and when scores of people are doing the same, the fact takes a strong hold upon your interest, and the items you thus master in common with others, make deeper impressions on your mind. A library of 100 good books, in every grauge, would prove most valuable in the avenues it would at once open to animated and profitable conversation, discussions, essays, references and questions. He who is naturally diflident, awk- ward it may be,‘-.n his loss to find words by which to tell what he wishes, in 9. public place, and often in common conversation, is wonderfully aided by even one book thoughtfully read. Many granges have libraries; all should have, and not allow it to be dead weight, either, but convert it into a live, telling force, and, there- fore, an educating force. THE Alabastine Company of Grand Rapids, who undertook to supply plas- ter to the Patrons of Michigan, have been able to fill every order promptly and to this date not one word of com- plaint have we heard that the plaster was not of first-rate quality. The supply on hand is still suflicient to meet every want, and orders from out- side parties will receive prompt atten- tion. The frantic efforts of the Combi- nation only re-acted on themselves and helped the business of the A15- bastine Company. Fair pl'ay and straight f'orward,honest dealing must win. Send all orders for plaster to the Alabastine Company. We think the best way to settle it, as far as all future cases are concerned, is for the legislature to pass alaw mak- ing its misdemeanor for any public oflieer to accept a free 0138 from 8 railroad corporation.——N. Y. Herald. WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR WOOL? The circulars of commission men in the wool trade all indicate a dull business for the last two weeks. It is alleged that manufactures of woolen goods have a large stock un- sold on hand and this condition of things has rxisted for some months with no prospects of improvement. All manufacturers have become very cautious and buy only to meet an im- mediate want. The stock of old wool on hand is light and the market will be unusually bare when new wool begins to arrive. Nothing however indicates either activity in the trade or advance in the price. Tve final disposition of the Hurri- scn bill would seem to relieve the manufacturers of woolen goods of all apprehensions of commercial disa-,-ti-.r by any change of tariff this year, but that does not set aside the accumulated stock of niauufactureal goods or stimu- late a demand for their consumption. The time of year for shearing and marketing wool is at hand. The shear- ing will be done in the old fashioned way, whether wool is worth much or little. And the next important ques- tion is, shall we adhere to the old fashioned way of marketing our wool ‘.‘ VVhen the farmer has but lwo or three dozen fleeces, shall he tie it up in blankets, or if more, pack it in the wagon-box, or on the hay-rack and drive to town with if; to have it pulled over by half a drzen fellows who are buying for Smith or Jones who in turn is buying for some dealer or manufacturer in New England. Or will the farmer who has a good clip of wool, store it away in a good clean place; fix a price on it-, and wait for a customer. Or will the plan adopted by some farmers of late, of clubbing together and shipping their wool on their own account to some commission house, to be there sorted and sold on its merits directly to the manufacturer when he wants it. This latter course does not necessar- ly belong wholly to those having large clips of wool, for small lots have a better chance of reafzing full prices when sorted and thrown in with large lots, than when put on the mark- et at home. We all know a farmer with 2000 pounds stands a chance of getting better prices than the farmer with -'30 pounds of the same quality in the home market. Few good farmers now pursue the old way of taking their wool unsold to market as they have found it much more satisfactory to sell at home. Few however have a suitable place to keep wool, and if not shipped, must be sold in some way soon after it i taken off the sheep. The Grange movement have loped the last rr-ethod and though not every where adopted by Patrons, enough has been done in this direction to prove its practicability. In this vicinity for some three or four years a few farmers have shippe d their wool east. It is noticeable that those who first shipped are those who continue to do so. Nor is this confin- ed to patrons. A few other farmers, though not able to see that the grange was a farmer’s organization, for the benefit of fanner’s and deserving of their support, were able to see that the scheme of shipping wool to be sold to the manufacturer on its merits, if honesly worked, would give the grow- er what his wool was worth, and these farmers shipped with patrons and have continued to do so. Some of our people object to inviting those not members of the Order to participate in these business transact- ions. But we hold to the opinion, that in no other way can the narrow prejudices which some farmers enter- tain agaiust the Order be obliterated , as in some business matter where the advantages of cooperation are brought home to their pockets. At the last Pomona Grange meeting of Kalamazoo county, this question of shipping wool was discussed at length and the statements of those who had shipped were so satisfactory that all present who had wool expressed a determination to ship this season. As it seemed important that the work should be systernatized, Hon. James M. Neasmith was designated by the Grange to take charge of the work. He has been in correspondence with commission houses in Philadel- phia, as well as Boston; and is now ready to ship wool for all who desire to try this plan. Shipments from here, in former years, have all been to Fenno & Man- ning, Boston. This firm has supplied socks, in large quantities, to Hiram hipman of Grand Ledge, and he has distributed on orders. We are not prepared to say at this writing, whether Mr. Shipman acts as distribu- tor or not. But all who want sacks can get them from headquarters if not from him. We hope Patrons over the state will ship their wool. We think they will get more money for it and the price will have some fair relation to the quality. Perhaps we should add, if any farmer has a lot of wool that is in such a condition that he is ashamed of it—the right thing for him to-do is, first make a solemn promise to him- self that he will never bring reproach upon himself, and his profession, by having another bad lot, and next take it to town and sell it for what he can get. We don’t think poor wool badly put up better be shipped to be sold on its merits. A TALK TO FARMERS. We did not have much to say in the last number of the Vrsrron either about the independent votcr, or a far- mer for governor, nor did we find fault with the judicial system of this country or any of the machinery that goes to make up its stupendous and expensive whole. Not because we do not still take pride in the voter who has some col ti- dence in his own opinion and nerve to follow the lead of his own convic- tions, nor because we have lost faith in the soundness of our position, that the agricultural class of this State are entitled to a first-class representative in its executive cfiice. Nor yet be- cause our faith in lawyers and courts has improved or taken on growth wifh this growing spring weather. No alienation from our well consid- era (1 opinions on these several subjects caused us to pass them by. But we chanced to strike out upon a subject that has little direct connection with agriculture and gave :ome attention to the dynamife practices of our cousins over the water. We did not however entirely ne- glect all practical questions that affect the vital interests of the farmer as shown by our reference to the strug- gle going on in the great northwest between the railroad corporations and the farmers, nordid we fail to briefly refer to the political duties of farmers, and to this sulject we again call at- tention. 0.11‘ readers well know that the VIS ITOR has been careful to steer clear of evrrything of a partisan character and has at no time been charged with any leaning toward any political party. This we hold to be in the line of duty and of safety, and within these lines we intend to remain. But identified with the farmer for a life time our ambition is to encourage any scheme, and any effort that shall vindicate thesoundness of the motto of the VISITOR, “The Farmer is of more Consequence than the farm and should be first improved.” Improve the far- mer and the improvement of the farm will naturally follow. Much has been accomplished in this direction in the last decade and the Grange has been an important agency. Much more remains to be done be- fore the farmer will see the visible proofs of his influence in the legisla- tion of the country. More thought of matters beyond the confines of the farm is essential to a better development of the farmer. His legitimate business is now so iden- tified with questions of transporta- tion and commercial transactions that he can no longer afford to be only the convenient assistant of the politician who seeks to appropriate his vote to advance other interests and schemes of personal advantage. \Vith one-half of our 50 millions of people engaged in agricultural pur- suits we have allowed the several de- partments of the government of this immense country to be placed under the direction of cabin et cfiicers recog- nized as the personal advisers of its executive alficer. And yet after 100 years or‘ nation- al existence its most important indus- try in which more capital is invested and more people find employ- ment than any and all others, this great agricultural industry is with- out such recognition as is accord- ed the naval department of the gover- ment, which as represented by its money value, could be bought by any good agricultural county in the coun- try. Why has Agriculture no represen- tive in the Cabinet? Simply because the agriculturists have not as a body demanded it. Why are we rep- resented mainly by lawyers in Con- gress? Simply because farmers do not take an interest as farmers, in political matters. Why do farmers allow professional and so-called business men to manage legislation as legistators, determine expenditures and compel the farmer class to pay more than their fair share of the expenses of government? Simply because they have been so in- tent on the promotion of their indivi- dual interests that lay within the scope of their personal supervision that they have in the main neglected these duties as citizens, which cover a broader field. The most important question before the farmer to-day is—Shall this state of things continue; and the decision of this important question is entirely within his own grasp. Will the farmers of Michigan, in this Presidental year; when members of congress and State ofllcers are to be elected, be indifferent toevery fact, to which we have adverted. Shall we have some new evidence that the ag- ricultural class are more keenly alive to ‘the importance of the farmer and his profession, and the over- shadowing of their profession Ly the other elements of society. If we do, that new evidence will come in a more general attendance of the farmers at the primary meetings of the political parties to which they hr.- long and a more clearly expressed and definite object in such attendance will be shown by the results. Intelli- gent farmei’s need not be told that all complaints that we make are turned back upon us and thrown in our teeth With the unpleasent truth that while we hold the power and do not use it, we are estopped from grum- bling. VVe do not ask “what shall the harvest be” but rather this-Are you goi: g to take part in the primary meeting of your party and do some good intelligent work, having refer- ence to the advancement of the agri- cultural class of the United States. .~\GAi.\‘ we would remind our read- ers that when your papers are not received, to notify us at once; that we may make right the error if possible, and you be subjected to as little incon- venience as is necessary under the circumstances. Those desirous of changing the address of their pape rs, will bear in mind ALWAYS to give post office where they now receive them and also the one where they wish to receive them. VVi.-1 call attention of those who have not completed their house clean- ing to the letter of Prof. Kedzie of the State Agricultural College, addressed to M. B. Church, manager of the A19.- bastine company at Grand Rapids. His endorsement of Alabastine gives it character for excellence wherever he is known. It is unquestionably a great improvement on white-wash or any of the preparations for a good wall fiinish that are found on the market. May 6th, i854. Bro. Cobb:—As we read communi- cations in the VISITOR, from the different (lranges throughout the State with much pleasure, we thought that perhaps some one might be inter- ested in our welfare. We have a live branch established here and do not intend to abate our interest in the least, during the coming busy season. When this Grange was first organi- zed a number of years ago its rise was rapid, but its fall partook of the same character. However about two years ago, a few old members who had been faithful to the cause for many years, with a small number of new ones re- solved to rise again, and though there was nothing Phoenix like in the rise, it had a good root and emerged, by steady, healthy growth, into a grange of some 65 members; many of these are very sincerely attached to their Grange home. We rent a commodious hall, which We have just finished fitting up tastily, by the purchase of a fine organ. We meet every Tuesday evening, for mental improvement as well as social intercourse, and hope that if any of our brothers or sister Grangers should come info our vicinity they will give us a call, Yours truly, KINNIE ELLlS, Lecturer. Kalamazoo Grange, No. 224. No economical farmer will either work himself or allow his hands to work with poor teams or tools. He cannot afford to pay high wages for a man to hold plow and be of lige to rest his team every round or two Neither can he afford to have him spend alarge portion of his time in tinkering rickety tools. More work on the farm can be accomplished in ten hours with good team and suitable tools than can be done in fifteen with poor ones. I do not wish to be un- derstood that by good teams I mean to imply high priced or thoroughbred horses. I mean that strength enough should be in the team to handle with ease and without fatigue any im- pliment to which it may be attached. If two horses are not sufficient, get three; if three are not enough, try four; if four won’tdo. you would better get a pair of mules. One of the strong points in prepar- ing horses for spring work is in hav- ing their shoulders in a good, sound condition. With this to start with and soft well-fitting collars, there. need be but little fear of any diftlcultv in keeping them all right, no matter how hard the labor the horses have to endure. By keeping the collars well cleared of any dirt which may accumulate upon them from the sweat- ing of the horse, and by bathing them daily with cold salt water, there need be but little fear of bad shoulders. Ordinary whitewash, as frequently used, has very little effect except to disfigure the trees, says the Garden. To destroy the insects and eggs hidden in the crevicies of the trees, very much stronger applications have to be used. Soft soap reduced to the con- sistance of a thick paint, with the addition of a strong solution of washing soda, makes one of the most lasting washes. A solution of one pound of commercial potash, in from two to four gallons of water, is also very good. I do not consider it good economy in the farmer to allow any portion of his improved land to lay without bearing a crop from one season to another. Every acre should be in crops. Clover pastures or meadows that have lain long are not profitable, as they do not produce as heavy crops of grass as those newly seeded. A paying crop from every acre every year should be the motto of every farmer. d-ummuniratiunu A Word on me Present Method of Examin- ing Teachers. In regard to the iuzittor of examina- tion, the question occurs——"llo\\' much value should be attached to the failure of the applicant to answer the ten questions submitted to him by the ex- :uuiucrs." l-Every educator knows that, ill the public cxuuilnzuioii at the close of the Scllfml l(.'l‘lll, the bust S(.'ll(ll2\l‘S iu the class do not 2ll\\'il_\’S pass for wliut they are worth. it is so much :2 m:iLt«*-r of lllt‘l‘f’ llll‘lIlHl')', and of nerve or cour- age for the occasion, that \\'onf'tci1 flu-l the most Lliorou5.:li scliol;:r pussiizg ilie poorest ex;uniii;.‘.iou. This is so much the (‘£1565llfillllllllllllvl‘¢‘ll;ill<’('iSpl:lC€fl upon such a test offbc pupils‘ profi- rit-iivy in tliei1'stlulic>'. The timid at such Liuio.-', pass all :1 (llSi'i>lllll, while the bold go ut u pr(-n1i- um. .\ud l'(‘lllt‘llll)t’l', this is where the simple. easy questions lead by deg-i'ees, to the lllllll and more diflicult ones. \\'li;1t.~'li:1'l we say the-u of the juesvfil. lllffllloil of sealing the :lppllt’2llllS for t'.\;:llfllllilllOll in :1 public room, and, af- ter li;uidiugezu:li mm: :1 set of ten ques- tions on t‘llt‘ll study, deiuzmd of them then and there. to gl\'L' :1 full :u1swcr to t‘tlL‘ll question. An old and sf1<-cn>ss1'i1l tr-aclici‘ look- ing 0\'01' :1 set of tlivsc qucstious rc- Inzfrki-cl, “\\'liut if the l‘:ill(llfl{l.l8 lfzul fillltffl to :u‘.s\\'er e\'v1'_v mic of flu-in, it woulrl be no test of his competency or lllL'()ll:[lL'i€ll(‘_\' as rcg:mls teaching scliool." This was true. For many of tlu-so questions do not t’llll)l‘ilC8lllly- thing csscntizll to :1 tcztclurs qualifica- tions. And yet missing one of these irreleveiit questions, counts against the applicant just as much as if licliud miss:-«l an iiupurtzuit one. With these cxzuniners it qm-sliou is a qucstiuu— they all count alike, t‘S5t‘llllill or non- essentiul. .\g2iiu;Lbe1‘e are min-ls, like lr\'iug’s. tl12ttsli1'iukf'roui any kind of :i1i"iu1poscd tu.s'k;"or, like llil.Wlll0l‘llP, they ll1tYe£l.ll incoiupctency in regard to 2lll:~}W€l‘lllg any qucstlofis on practi- cal business. l<‘urtlie1'nio1‘c each can- didutc must :uiswer the Sitlllt: set of questions. No regard is paid to the ne- cessities of plirasiiig the question in plziiuer words to those who may not so readily conceive its import. For we know that two teachers, ultliougli they may uriderstzuid a study equally well yet they will not as readily ans\ver the same question, one may required state- ment in words difl'er(-nt frouitlxe other. But here before the cx:uuiners, they must be answered zislhey are, all alike, and on the spur of the uioincnt. This is arl,uitr2i1'y, and many an applicant drops bclowtlic required “seventy-fiivc per cent," on this zfccount. I In addition to this, the qiieslfioiis that belong to the Iirst grade are usul for the third grade. An applicant for it ct.-rtiilczitc to teach at district school is “put through an (‘.\’illLllll£l.l.lUll as hard and Lliflicult as if he were applying for it position as principal of a union school. Instead of the cx:uu1ucr‘s zulapting his qucstious to the grade of the certifi- cate Citlllffl for, the upplicaiit must adapt himself to the grade of the ques- tions put to him, be they ever so high. While this is unjust to the teacher, neither the law nor common sense calls for it or sustaiiis it. We know of on examiner, in zuiotho-r part of the state, who, by auluptiug his questions to the studies required, and by his good sense and fimiiess iu exauniuations, has made the present school lilW popular in his county. We have the iustzuicc of an- otlicr who went to an able physicizui, and got him to write out ten difficult questions in physiology, with which he said, he was gulf1g"l;o give at certain class of tcucliers fits.” Sometimeafterwards he sought the physician and requested him to write the answers to eight of those questions. The dose was too hard for him and “gave him fits" instead of the teachers. This wrll apply to a certain class of ex- aminers. Another class are nothing if not learned; whether teaching in their own school or examining candidates for certificates, they seem to talk to display their learning and excite the admiration of people, and they think those iguoramuses who do not under- stand them. Any examiner who puts the questions of the first or second gl'd(l(5, to applicants in the third grade, ought to foseliis position. Or one who out of iorty-eight applicants rejects thirty-two as disqualified, ought him- self to be examined as to his educa- tional soundness and fitness for his office. \'\'e lllilkc no pica for ignorant tewy-ii- ers, but would denounce unfairness or stupidity Lliat does not try or see fit to discover merit in ‘teachers wherever it exists. ’l‘liissysLe1nul' catcchfsing or examination by written slip, is very misleading, if we are to take its results as anindex to the competency of the teacher. The art of asking questions on asubject or study, so as to bring out in the answers, an assurance that the questioned fully understands the study, this art I say, is a rare one. The great Inural philosopher, Socrates, who pos- sessed this art in perfection, left no successor. We have those who are more or less gifted in it; and they al- ways evince it by expressing them- selves clearly and understandingly on any subject, whether talking with the /. 4' I 4”‘-" Dec. 1, I887. THE G-HANG-E‘ V ISITQR- 3 Ind perrnauently established under the Workings of our laws and eonstitu tioii, and the teachings of our ritual, I: would suggest that only those changes he made where experience has proven them to be absolutely required. While We are conteinplatiiig with so much pride and pleasure the growth and prosperity of the Order, our hearts are saddened as we prtllse to pay 8 tribute of respect and honor to the memory or BIKOTIIER DAVID VVYATT AIKEN, whom we all loved and veiieriitetl as a latlier iii the Grange. \Ve use no idle expression in 5J:)'lllJ' we teel the want of his presence, his counciliiiid wis- dom, for he never missed a I'epl‘L‘S‘..‘lllZil.- t1Ve_ lneitilig 01' the National Urrange until prevented by sickiicss, and the history ofthe Order bears the ini press of hisalnlity, zeal and fidelity. Lan- guage ls luttuequaw to express the emotions experienced in reporting to the Natioiial (jwaiige the death ot one so thoroughly identiliul with all its workings and so universally esteemed by the entire meuibersliip. II is able pen and eloquent Voice were ever used to ztdvtfcate the rights and interests of farmers. He displayed the same cour- age and earnestness in lavor ot lariiiers’ rights before the Congress or’ the United States that he did in the secret meetings of the (‘rt-ange. lie was truly an able, tititliful advocate and friend of the fariiicr. Last spring I heard that he was prostrated by dis- ease b_e_\‘ond the hope of l'eco\'t:l') . and knowing the grezitdistaiice to his home would prevent the atteiitlxiiice at hi.- Iiiiicral of any of the olii :ers of the Nzllltlllill L‘rr:i.iigc, and beiiig zissiiretl t.li.it it would meet. with your zip- provzii, I Wl'ul.<: in zttlviiiirc to llrotlii,-r lpacotiih, tltc Wortli_v i\l:isti-i' ot‘llii- South Uaroliiizi State ll ritiigu, to iiiitkc hi-l ‘il"'.lll ’lJI_,‘tlls to he pt'e~:eiil. us it I'C'pl' A ittniivc of the .\:itioii;tl lli'.~iiig_;t- tiiitl ,g".\'e tcstiiiioiiy ol the lll_‘._4'll t,‘~'lL'l‘lll lll wliiuli llrotlicr ;\Il{l.‘ll was livid b\ the I’.i.troiis of II il.-il):llltll‘_\'. i ‘Alter I liziii received 1'roin I}l‘l>Ilit'l' Lip.-conib the sad news that Ilrotht r Aiken was de;t.l, I W rote Ul'UIilt'l Tl'IillI)lC,U'tlI‘ wortliy secret:.ii'_\', lllltl re- quested him as "one of the louiiilcrs ol the order, well acqii-tiiitcd with Iii- valuable services. to pei-l'orni the sad duty or Writing ll. tribute to his mem- ory to be otlicially pi'oniiilgatetl.” I include this very npproprixile tri- bute and ni:il-:e it a part ul this report that you iiiay see how proinpily and fceiingly tliese Brothers perforiiied the duties assigned them, as follows : HON. I). WYA l"I AIKEN. DIED AT COKISSBURY, s. c., APRIL 6, i857. NATIONAL Git.-i.\'ci;, l’. or l-l., ' fvIASTEP.'5 UFI-‘ICE, l".Avi;'i'rr., 34155.. May 20, i287. I To the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry: “iih emotions of the deepest sorrow I ad dress myself to the sad duty of announcing to you the recent death of our beloved broth Er, lion. I). ‘.‘.’yart Aiken, which occurred :1' his home in Col-zcsbury, S. (2., April 0, I887, itfiera long and painful illness, which wa- borne by liim with manly fortitude and Chris tian patience. Anticipating his death, and fearing that time and (ll:sI£1ll(.‘C would not permit me oi any other officer of the N itiunal (iraiige to attend hi’; funeral, Ifcqlltixltibl Brother jiis. N. Lipscoinb, Master of the State Grange oi S. (2., to do :5; as a rcprcsevitaiivc of the Na tional Orange. Iii» report and the following coiiiiiiunicrr tions are Iiertzwitii published as ti part of l.l'Il.\ announcement: MASTER'S Orricic, P. or H., l Si‘.-i'rr: (}it.i:.'t;i«; or S. C., — COI,lE.‘.ll£lA, S. (.1, April ii, 1857. Hon. Put I).iidi:n, Master National Grange: Dear Sir and Brother — In nccortlance Wllll our request I attended the liuiial of Pro. I). Vyait Aikeii on the 7th of April, 1837. I had it unrlcrstood that I was present at youi request and authority as a representative ol the National Grange, and that had time per- mitted a much larger number would have been in attendance. I had arranged with the Secretary and oth- er ofiicers. of the State Orange to be prcseni in regalia, but they were unable to arrive in time for the funeral. I was the only one who succeeded in arriving in time to take art in the services. I was from home when rc-ceived the telegram, and took the next train from where I was. I send you by this mail a newspaper containing resolutions and an account of the funeral. Very respectfully and fraternally, jns. N. LIPSCOMB. I soon after addresse I the following letter to the Worthy Secretary of the Natioiial (.‘rr;tnge: NA‘l'lUNAL GRANGE, l‘. or IL, MASTER'S Ul-'l<‘lCE, FAVE’! rrz, Miss.. f Dear Brother Trimble: May 2, i887. Brother I). VVy.itt Aiken is (lead. He whom Patrons everywhere loved for his fidcl fly and devoiion to the Order of the I’;ttrons of Husban .ry. honored for his integrity, abil- ity and zeal. and revered for the sincerity and uriiy of his Christian character, noiv rests in eternity. It is rignt and proper that his distingiii~;li- ed services in behalf of our order should be officiiilly recognized. I therefore request you, and I am confi- dent Patrons everywhere will €Il(If)l'.\C the re- quesi, as one of the founders of the oiilcr, well acquainted with liis. valuable .-,erviccs, to perform the sad duty of writing a tribute to his memory to be olficially proniulgatctl. Very truly and frntcriially, l’i,:'r I)AR[)l£.N', Master National Grange. To which the follo-.\in__; reply was received: NA’l[ il\'.\l. (IRAN E, l’. or fit’? -r:citr-;'i'zti<'{‘s (.)i-‘r‘ir:i-;, WA5;lIlN(;'l‘t)N, 1). L'., May :2, i837. Hon. l’ti: Udrtlell, .VIa.~‘lt:r .\';iiioiiaVl)r.iiige: Dear Sir and Ilrothi:r—- \Iihoi.-gh in:iiIc- goals to the task, I take a iiiclniiclioly pleas» ' -Ire in C.’).'Vlll)l_\lli_'-_f with your rerpi-.:st ti ny a tribute ol lvlll’ rcspcttt upon the toinli if our ~Iameiit~:il Iiizir-icr Aiken, for few men l>{l!C‘V Iiin lJ‘."l*.‘l' or lllttfél Ii:vu uiorc. I"-..r foi2!1...n years I i-‘as in qilniuat (I lily prr-on 1| int-:r luur-~c or III Iii.-’lll'Illi fiit.iiC, for tin c is nor." .~.pi'iiigiiig up iitiir-ng I.l‘c lit!-iicis of our C0ll:‘.x'i')' an organ‘ that will tczicii them their rights, and, know- ing tliciii, l|iv.\‘ Will ti :1". lo Ill.‘-.l!ll.llll lllijill. Ii1ic;inlht~ uni ‘t'l(Il‘ l'!H)\\,‘ll as the lllticl’ of the l’.1‘iro=.v. of I.ll.l~l".ll: ry." At fl. >illl.llfl.!'Ct)l1i!.3lillI)Il, called by the De- priiliiient of r\gllClIll‘J!‘C :1 few ye. r. ilro. \ll(€ll TL"\tl an ailtlress ii'oi:ri Grange: its (lrigan. l’l‘-";gl’€$.~}, and l£iliic;ition— ‘1ll’ill’pL).~C.\_.” that so pl\Jl<}Ul"l(lly iinpresscil the convciiiion that it was printed mid Will: ly circiilzitcd by the I):-prirtinciit. More than 10,000 copies of tlii~ famous atltlre.-S-. which has become one of the classics of the Urilcv, has ‘since been clistiibttted by the .\-'.itioii?.l L.‘-range. Dtiriiig his many years of service in Con- gress he was ever vigilant and active. in com iniltecs and on the floor, wheiievcr the inter tlnlri of the farmer were afiiccietl by proposed legislation. When a change of national ailminisiration rendered the appointment of a new Comniis sioncr ol .~\gricul'ure probable, I’-ro. Aiken".- name wasproinptly and earnestly presented to the President or that important ofiise. IIl;~ feelings in the premises are best explained by quoting from a private letter to the writer un der date of .\iarch 25. 1885: “It was delightful to B.\l_)L‘Yl€lllIC the reliel I felt on 5 ttiirday when Isaw that lilo. Col inan was nude C'JlllllllS$li)nEl' of .~\griculturc. I did not want the i;-fficc; it would hrtvc been ,'.S€l’l!ll.lS sacrifice to have taken ii. My ev cry earthly inve~tincnl is in my farm and ll()iilE) and to have sacrificed them for four years would have been trying. My wife sel «loin alluded to the possibility of my success '.Vllill'll1I. tears. My home, my Churcli, my clilldren—-all l9.ll1Clll.Ctl ii, andl my.~;elf:1l- tnost prayed against it. The Naii.ii1al Griiiigv: most kindly Pl'r.i.\Cfll.L.‘(l my rixime and thi- compliment I could not have ignored, for I tlzill not realize towlut extent I would not illlllie sacrifices for the Patrons of lIu.~tl\illldl')' and for this reason alone I C0l1:sGlllt‘(l to iht use of my name. “I would rather to day be Master of the Na tional Grange th ill. to be L‘oiiiinissioiicr of Ag .icultitrc. cvcii if I were out of Lloiigr for there I think I could rind my field of useful iicss." \'t.rily, in the death of Bro. Aiken the 01' ilcr of the Patrons of Ilusbaiidry ha»; lost one of the stroiigest pillars of its support. I can not close this brief and imperfect tribute to the memory of Brotlicr .\ilten .vithout bearing my personal testimony to hi.- moral wo-th and his exalted Clirislian char- acter. The teachings of our religion had often oeeri the subject of our serious consideration. just before leaving Ilaltimore, where he had been for medical treatment, I spent a Sunday with him. Mrs. Aiken, taking advantage of my pres- ence. had gone to church and we were alone together. He Iiad been informed of the hopelessly incurable nature ofhis disease and believed death to be near anti inevitable. Our conversation naturally turned upon religion and the future life. In response to my in- quiries, in the most earnest and solemn man- ner, he declared his belief in Christ and in the cfli -acv of H's atone item, and hat through H m his red.-m_i ion and s\["fl[ilOn were :l.\5‘tll’:d. It was the suhliniity of Chris tian faith. In every relation of life his char- acter stands as a shining exemplar, worthy of all itiiitation. In conclusion, allow me to quote from an editorial in the Charleston News and (lourier, whose columns had been so often enriched by Bro. ;\il.v.t Aiken wasasoii of whom South Carolina had more l.ll.lll reason to be proud, and a citizen who.-re loss she has every reason to mourn .Nll‘lCCl't‘ly and long." Sorrowfully and fraternally yours. Jl)H.\' 'I‘in.uiii.s. Patrons, as your repri-seiit.'itlve,I de- sire to eiidorse. eiiipliiisizr-,, and repeat every expressioii contztiiied in the nlmve; anal, turning to the bereaved fiimil y of our deceased brother, in your iuime, beg peruiission to rev- ermilly approach the Sfl(‘.|‘Od precinct of their grief, to mingle our syinp:i- thizing tears with tlieirs, and to as- sure them that the ll?|llt)W(3(l grave of D. Wyatt Aiken will ever be to us, as Pntroiis, holy grouiitl. (JICOICIIE I)l-IXTICR IIINCKI.I“.Y. . I'll! Soon itfti,-i‘ the last $Ill2|lI’l.l ~‘t‘.5-‘~'tlflll 4 -uniiiy of the int-inlii-r.-i who nttziiiili;-ii, our ll|l‘l*l'lllj_’.'i in the t'orIii-tllvi- pi‘:-ioil 'ot'our (Mli.-i‘. \v«-re piiur-xl by the mil ll:ll‘lll‘_"f‘lll‘l‘ tlirit one of its int-sl vil- ll-'~l war‘-:vt‘~I llllil lll'l‘lI l'Illl-.‘(I lir-in iv, his vf’|l‘!i.l'.’ labors rl-wt-vl, ii iwvlsil lil'i:- if.'il'.l"V‘ ’l'lioi‘~: ziro iimiiilieis now pre.i- | ent who remember with ii.tI'i-ctioii this good Bi-other George Dexter llin«-k- ley, the tirst Master of the New York State Grange, who gave that body the coniinnniliiig influence that has m-tale it since illl able coatljutor in our work, and a living moiiunient to the iiieino- ry of our depiii-ted brother, whose wise counsels have frim the earliest formation of our Order exerted such beneficial iiifiuence. In this presence I m ty he pei-iiiitted to say that every meinber of every subortliuate Grttiitre in our land, when impressed by the beauties of our l‘ltl1lll~}l.lc service. his felt the silent influence of thought that hail its origin in the lnll]'I of our depirteil hrotlier George D. IIllMkle}', for to him we owe some of the most delightful lessons of our ritual that have survived Without chaiige all the ye,-irs since they were first (30IlBltIl‘I'(’(l by the few brothers and sisters who were pioneers in a work thit has its late~t exemplication in this 21st mi- nunl session of the National Orange, in a State. upon whose rolls are lionorml names of its Governor, its (ll~‘llllglllSll- ed statesnieii, jurists, teachers and thousanils of Patrons to whom the life of George D. Iliiickley was the benison that virtue gives to all who seek to promote the good of their fel- lows and the weliare of mankind. ELLA ziioLi.ii-2 Lirscoua. The mortuary roll, that in its read- ing now thrills with pain every heart. is extended by the n-tine of it sister ii. whom were grouped all the virtue that iidorn highest \V0lll‘lIlll()U(l, and the Cllfl-l'llls‘ tli-it beget :i1l'i-.ctioii sub- linirttoil .-is the :ippre--i=itioii of Woui~iu- Iy ivortli and the ::i':iit-cs tliztt by their so set inllueiit-e rel'ine and elevate hu- nriu Ulllll'2ll"lI!l'. llut two sliort _‘.'(f'll‘.~ siiico you who nlteiiileil the l|lil€’l,(.‘Cllllt --.iiuu:il so-sioii or this l£i'-iiige f_"Il\'t' ;"l.l~1 to locate our izliiiiiis. ‘hi-rt-, wsis neliippiiir in uI'SL.'U eiiitli to p‘l)' the t‘llll.~N'll'_\ ’s i-xpeiisi-s. In ztboutit week the iige-iit. retiii'iied \Vl[ll a roll of ni~ip~=, tlirigrnnis iiiiil -il inks, which were (lt”\'lill_‘Ll in tha -'-tine ;.teii«-rolls lll‘lllll(‘I' that IlI:Il'l\'l'll ihe 1l[)ll0l'll()lIl|l1I of the l.-in-ls. I Illlll :i i’l'l!("—l‘l-lllll iiiiil it liouii-ste.-itl—~iiot wish- ing, you -‘W0, to nbsorli the whole t‘.2lI'llI at the tir.-‘t gulp. ;\l_\’ tree rlnim i~ ~'till l.\'iii;.’ out of doors viitliout it tree upon it: but the honieste-til was that ip-in which I iuteniled to rear my lit- iIefnuiil_v:intl raise potiltry. It wu- Iocnti-il in section 3;’, township 92. i-nige 4:3. rind without mii -.li ilitlicii - l_V I ll isrovi-i'eil that l Illltl strtick :- 'siinp.” The "t]llfll'I(3l‘” Ii.-iil l)(.‘€‘Il uiitlt-r -iiltiviition for .-evi-i':il _\'€:ll'H, being in the possi-ssioii of :1 siiirily fririner who ii-til bought it from the i':tilro:id com- piiiiy on 21 miiirii-.'t, and was waiting fut‘ his devil. Iivns :iIw:iys of :t peuceztble turn. “lllil priiii in others lll tile me sorrowful. I tliilift want to turn the iitil'oi'tu:i:ilt= l':iriiiei‘ out into the bleak winter with- .iut {I ]il:lt'0 oi slieltt-r. The good in llll’ pl'l,‘lll>liIlll:lll’(l, and kept predoiniii- uing uiiiil I iiulile-l ll. letit-r to the ~qlI‘-1.Il.l.‘i‘. That letl-_-.i' siiiilz Iii‘ virtue ol‘.=i can-l.-iiii tiling now on |'L‘('()I'(l in the i*i‘~_ristt-i".-i ollirv, I am [In- -ole. Hlll\ zinil i'i;_-'hit'nl owner of .\I. E. l :32 U2--if», :tlIol I write to .-iiggest that you will upon me :llllI iitnlte. me an -iller lookiu,~_r LU:|.N‘Iill'lllOlIL Of coiirsi-, I i't-mgiiizi-. in you :1 ?~qll:lIIL‘l', with no i-i;:lits on the [)l'l'llll~‘L’.*!, but I li-ive no -li-sire to l!l.ll{t‘ jmti itny tri-iible. I would i-:-.il:i:i' that we 2ii*i':i.iigc lil'l[l.l‘l'.~l niiiii-.:ihly. I xvi.-li to niove my t':unil_v upon the fnrui at my e:ii'liest conven- ieiict-,.'iiixl it tlinre-.t'oi'e will be neces- ~:'tI‘l' that you call upon me soon. That was :i pretty well written let- ter. I diil:i’t wait ni:iii_v days for an ‘lll~'\Vel; and it was the most soul-s:it- islyiiig letter that has yet come into my life. l<"ew and short were the Words it mid, but it S|l\I. them right out. The reply rt-ud: Stu: If you take me for 8. sucker, you are wonderfiilly inislaken in your man. No spindle-legged titnilertoot can scare me into giving up my rights to the farm I bought and p iid for-no. not ifl know it. Just come up here and take p--ssessioiil I woii’t sho-it you; you neeilii’t be nl'r:iid of that; bu t. this I do promise: l’ll kick you from here to the county seat, and then make you go before ii. not:n'y and swear that Iilitljiistsiii-h tllIll}£. If you feel like settiiig me out in the bleak win- ter llll(ll‘l‘ the oimiiiiistrtiices, try it on. My lie:irt got the better of my iuO&>————- Beauty Withou t Paint. "Whit: inukes my skin so dark and niiidtlv? My chunks w-~r.: once so smooth and rod iyl ] use the best t‘t\fiI|lt‘l.I(‘B iiinde," Is \vliu.t a lovely maiden said. “Thii.t’s not the cure, my cliitrmirig Miss," The doctor s:i.id—“i'i iiioiubt-r this: If you your skin would keep from taint, Discard the powder and the paint. ‘-The proper thing for such ills Is this," rem-.i.rkei1the iiiiui of pills; "Enrich the blood mid iii:-.lto it p.'.r¢.~- - In this you'll find the only cure." Dr. Pit-rce's Golden .\ledi—.:sil Dis- cover_\' will do this without tail. It has no equal. All tli'iiggists. .,___.___,._,,_,__ W , , The Nlllllllltll cutile groivers‘ associ- ation,at liniisiis t-it_i', ¢l!,’lll)|lll»“.ClI the pi'es.iiiiii'g:ii'iiie lnw: urged ('.Ullgl‘l'S'4 Ill [I115-9 21. |lll_‘lll'lI—[)ll!'IllllUlIlily bill, and in view of the piei-‘i-iii-niil‘ 3 t-ziitle ili-czist-s in Elll">]>=‘, czillt-ll upon I the si-t-.i't-l"ti'y of ti'ei-iii'_v to t-tl-;e : prompt rictiou to pri-t'i-nt the impel‘- tutioii of ini'e.-in-il tzitliei. -- .-.......................... ......-.. ......-.. . ..c._-... ... . ......-.....;.»......-in-um l cart.-n". l"..w'ii\.’ 1'5‘. '2. M v - hvceau. C.l.'i..L.\. (-4159 Lt)... Mills. Lacey&Dicltinson’s Pharmacy N. E. Cor. Monroe and Div. Sta, GRAND Ritrtns, MICK. YES I You can get Dairy Thermometers, Hydrometer: for Mill and Cites. Butter lllllll‘, Lllllllll llflllllfil, and in fact anything in the Drug an! Chemical line of Mi11s,Lacey and Dickinson. I39-141 Monroe St., N. E. Ger. Division . We are Sole Agents for KASKI NE, “The New Quiriine." which we are having a great sale of Send or call for descriptive samples. Don’t mistake the location, N. E. Corner of Mon- roe and Division ::lts., Wenham Block. inayll IL. s. & M. s. R. R- PULLAMAZOO DIVISION TIME TABLE. Stand’ ard time-—9om' inen'd.tan_‘ GOING SOUTH. _,-SJ-V‘ IEEUSJ ‘Z Szwlii ___M____ _ __ '___"____V__v (Express. Ex & M be Grand Rapids 7 ’ Lr -‘illegal; . . . . . . . Wgy P. 14r_. \r K'.alain;~_~.oo. . I3 :5: \i' ScI’inolci‘aft. . . . so 27 \r Three Rivers. . ii 05 Lr Whit»: Figeon.. it 3; tr Toledc. . . . . . . . 5 05 ‘xi’ ~'.‘lesz,-L..i:i:.l 9 40 \.r Llulf-.iI~3. N Y S: B N‘! I’: C lEx B: Mllixpnss “'3, H L‘! l$iif'f"iiI . H 55 AM it 40 AM . \r Cl-.-vet 6 4o PM‘ 5 35 " \: Tolewli, . iioo “ 9“) “ \r Wliitc l'igeon.. S 55 an 2 40 PM \r Tlir:-e Ir‘-.iV'crs. . 6 2 “ . on “ »\1"hoox'ciaft. ......... 649" 3 ,8 " ' .. 7 3o “' -o " .. .. 8228'‘ _,i8‘' ii‘-and Rapid. . . O 45 6 35 “ Al‘. more connect at Whimgirgeoc with trains on unlit line. T F. ‘vVHrr'.'isr.si:V. Supt. Kalamazoo Division. l~...iI.a" mazoo. MICHIGAJH CENTRAL RAILROAD. DfiPl\R".‘UE8 or nuns FT-toll IcAx..u4Azooi ITME-TABLE-—-MAY :3. i884. Standard lime—«;oth meridiaziq WE‘.TI'WARD. Kalamazoo Accommodation leaves” Kalamazoo Express :urivcs.......,.... . . . . .. Ex"2nIl‘l[Z Express. . . . x Pacific Ex .. . 3 17 all . . . . . . .. . . . . . . it 38 I__:¢-:y_Eir'p7re<.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EASTWARD. V 'i_—_— A 7- A. M. I‘. M. Night Eiqm-.ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kalamazoo Accommodation I-eaves. .. . . K .ilarri-.4200 E'.x-press arrives. . . . . . . . . M.-Lil. Day Express. . . . .. New York Expres-3.. Atlantic Express. . New York. AKli;l:I:.:i‘3liA||d Pacific Exprsses _da.lIf. Evening Express west and Night Express cast daily at- cept Saturdays. All other trains daily except Sundays Fr:-ig,l.t trains carrying pa.-ssengers out from Kalamazoo as foil-awe: No. 29 -(east) at gzxo P. M. and No. 2o(wefl at 32r—\, brim: passangen; from cam at 12:45. P. M. H. B. LEDYARD, Gen. Manager. Detroit. j A. Evil-33?. General Freight Agent, Chicago. (3. W. RuGr.Ls:s. G P. 8:. I‘. A.. Chicago BUEIEWFITSI When 1 say cure I do not mean merely to stop them irviaand tlirvi have them return again. I mean & t’l.'l?K‘. I lnxo mridva the disease of FITS. EPIL- Y or FALLING SLUKN Is Iiio-long study ifl" it: my remedy to cure the worst cases. Becauso I- ..z have failed is no rezisou for not now receiving I I" - ‘-lend at once tor A trozttise and 8. Free Bnttlo .,;' y lzzinllible rt-medy. (‘x_iv>:a Express_und_Poat (mine. ll. 62. 1tiJ0’1‘.lI1. (L. 133 Pearl 3!. how ‘torts. unwise nus’ TRIAL. _ THI3 NEW RllS§ ll ~i at Pad ditlercnt from H. l~4r,-up ::ha.r\c. with Bell- uiii-tirg 1<;ill in ct-not r. arlnpll l ; ditto‘-A t»l’thi\lioi'y,\'-'hlle impresses back (,4( 2'-en c.. ,. l"ll'i 3"‘ 3 99 III! C: -U I 88 £0 per. hit: I; 1~re:\.-<_u ,n ** di } ‘ - 1'." -—"i.[l'll|:'.'\l2 lf1l*“' .. mlvvimint XJIULESIIJN Iilillbil CU-, $313450. “In , 4 THE G-BANG-E VISITOR. Dec. I5, I887. @112 fining: -Iifligfiitnr. Published on the First and Fifteenth of every month, AT 50 CTS. PER ANNUM. Eleven Copies for $5.00. j. T. COBB, Editor and Manager, SCHOOLCRAFT, MICH. §‘Remitta.nces should be by Registered Let- ter, Money Order or Draft. Entered at the Post Office at Coldwater, Mich., as Second Class matter. Mlchlgan State Grange Proceed- lnzs. At the hour of meeting established by usage the representatives of the subordinate Granges of the State were found assembled in Representative Hall and were called to order by Wor- thy Master Luce. The officers of the State Grange were all soon in their places. A committee on credentials was appointed and the fifteenth session of the Michigan State Grange was rap- idly preparing f‘or work. The VVorthy Master called Bro. Platt to the chair and the Grange was declared to be in condition to listen to speeches for the “Good of the Order.” Senators Mayo and Holbrook were severally called out as were Sister Mayo and Lecturer Woodinaii. Their brief speeches were full of points and valuable suggestions and filled in the time profitably until the noon recess which was fixed by vote. Mr. Mayo briefly referred to th.) progress made by the Order in dispell- ing the prejudice of former years. We have reached that point where promi- nent men are identified with the Order and its standing is not only well estab- lished but its influence is recognized in the legislative bodies of the coun- try. \Ve may look with pride at the results alieady effected by the Order. He made some telling points in behalf of his wife and gave way to a call for Mrs. Mayo whose hits in reply were sharp as woman’s Wit is wont to be when at its best. Sister Mayo was proud of an organ- ization that could command the pres- ence of such a wealth of intelligence as she witnessed on the floor of the llouse at the meeting of the Natioiial Grange. She referred to the forward march of the Order, naming Coin- mis.-ioner Coleinan,of'tlie Agri«,-ultural Department, and the Governors of states as instances of an enlightened progress on the part of the American farmer toward the possession of his political rights, and these include very many others. ller observation of the growth of the Order in this State was most satis factory in that she found more of the young people were this year joining the Grange than had done so of late years, and this was a most hopeful in- dication. In homes where the father and mother were members and the young folks spoke lightly of the Grange there was something wrong. Such nieiiibers were of little value to the Order and she conjured the fathers and mothers as they believed in the Order as a means of education and im- provement to teach their children to love it and instil its eiiiiobliiig priiici- ples into their minds, "For," said she. “who shall labor for the Order when We are gone if our children do not?” Bro. Jason W'oodn1an was next call- ed out. Answering the question, “Is the organization to be permanent?” he said, in many neighborhoods where there was intelligence and the educa- tional advantages which it offered to the farmer class, the Order had taken deep root that nothing could weaken or destroy. In other neighborhoods there was a weakness, a fear of the ridicule of their village acquaintances. This is rapidly being overcome by the recognition of the Order everywhere, as we see by the press. He referred to the Detroit Tribune and several other papers of the State as having perforni- ed good service to the Order. Overseer Holbrook was not in condi- tion to make a speech on account of a bad throat, although he put in about five minutes of sensible talk before the recess. When the Grange was called to or- der in the afternoon by the Worthy Master the committees had not all been filled and he retired to complete them, calling Bro. ——————-— to the chair. This gave another hour to speech-making for the Good of the Or- der. We were not present all the time but heard enough to know that Bro. Pattengale, of Genesee made a. rousing speech of twenty minutes that brought down the house. Hon. M. D. Camp- bell, and.Bro. John Dawson, of Barry, ‘ took a hand in and before the VVorthy Master had completed his committee- making labor we were satisfied that: this State Grange would not be dull I and uninteresting for want of good talkers. \Ve thought of the first and second sessions of the Michigan State Grange and by comparison thanked God and took courage. After the an- nouncement of the committees the regular order of business was taken up. The Master read his annual ad-' dress and was followed by several oth- er officers. Some not being ready, pa- pers were presented and referred to appropriate committees. The reports of the Treasurer and Secretary were read at the evening session and some other miscellaneous business transact- ed and the labors of the day conclud- ed. The attendance of visiting mem- bers, as was expectcd,is less than usual. The National Grange came first and was expected to eclipse this, the lesser light. But we wholiave seen both are neither asharried or discouraged by comparison but rather are proud of both as noble representative bodies of the very best class of American citizens. The work of Wednesday was formal, receiving resolutions and papers f'roiii members and their reference to appro- priate coniinittees, the members of these committees finding out who was of their number and getting together and preparing f'or work Recess was taken at an early hour. ’l‘o-iiiorrow will be a busy day in the conniiittee rooms. An invitation from Capital Grange to the mein bers of the State Grange and visiting Patrons filled their beautiful hall at an early hour Wednesday eveii- ing. Worthy Master Bank soon called to order and after a song stated that this was a special meeting called for the special purpose of giving and re- ceiving the benefits that must come from an interchange of thought and the lessons of experience from nicm- bers of‘ the Order widcly scattered over the State and belonging to so many different Granges. In the absence of the Master of the State Grange he called first on his le- gal representative, the VVorthy Over- seer John llolbrook, who after a few practical reinarks iuade a serious mis- take which we can prove by a cloud of witnesses. \Ve did not know at the moment how ii1:in_v, until later in the evening we learned that 251) l’atrons had passed the gatekeeper and then we knew we had 21:! witnesses to the blunder of the Worthy Overseer in calling on the Secretary of the State Grange for a speech. Now, we judge of a man by his practical slircwdness and we at once saw and felt that we had been mistaken in the man. llc kiiew we could not niake a speech and we knew that be either had a spite to gratify, wanted a contrast between a man who could niake a speech and one who couldn’t, or else thought this a cliaiice to have a little fun at our ex- pense. Of course he had the cool end of the poker this time and if ivc had to suffer the Grange had not long to Wait for the procession to move on.Bi'0. John Shurts,ot' White Pigeon Grange, Was next surprised and we had at once most convincing evidence of the stimu- latiiig effect of a visit to the State (li'ange. He volunteered a promise to go home and Work for the Good of the Order and his Grange as he had never worked before. A Patron was next called whose name we did not get. He simply asked f'or information as to the value to the Order of I’omonaGranges and was an- swered by Prof. Bea], of the Agriciil- tural College, and Bro. Redfern. of Maple Rapids. Bro. Hart, of Allegan County, next answered to a call and gave a. very in- teresting account of the influence of the Grange store in adding members to all the G ranges of that county so long as the advantages of trade were con- fined to the Order, and how they had fallen f'roni grace as soon as the ne- cessity of maintaining their Grange relations was set aside by the removal of’ the restrictive rule so that all could reap pecuniary advantages without cost of ineni‘oe:'ship. Experience had proved that something more than a pecuniary interest ,Was necessary to give stability and character to the Order. State Lecturer Jason Woodman was next ordered to the front. He enlarged on the advantages the Grange offers to the young men, showing conclusively that no better field for mental devel- opment exists anywhere than the Grange offers, and if improved there is no fear of the farmer boy falling be- hind in the race of life the one who takes too profession. In referring to the value of the Order and the diflcr- cnce between the members and the drones, he said if the drive-well fiends got aii_v money out of farniers, it was in those neighbor- hoods where the VISITOR was not tak- en and where the Grange had life but not any real vitality, adding that Col. Brighain, of Ohio, assured him that in one county alone not less than $35,000 of royalty had been paid the agents of the man Green. If that is so and other counties have been as liberal he has not been agreeii swindler by a long ways. Bro. Mars, in answering for the HUI]-Llp1)C:tl'{lll('e of another broth- er, f'ound himself on the stump and of course had to talk. He put in five minutes acceptably, endorsed the county Grange as a good branch of the service and invited the young men of the Grange to take a hand in discuss- ing the live questions of the day to the end that intelligent conclusions might be reached. After a song Bro. Moore,ofSt. Johns, a man that we had lost sight of for the last half dozen years, was called out. We wei'e anxious to hear him as we had known him as a valiant and valu- able nicinber of the Order. Aniong other good things llro. Moore said, ‘-Don’t depend too inuclioii friends for success. Be self-reliaiitand trust in a resolute determination to use all the possibilities within your reach. The famous generals who won honors did the most thinking and by that self‘- education seized upon opportunities that couiiiiaudcd siiccc.ss.” llc referred to his 0\Vll experience appropriately with an application. Bro. Partridge, of G cncsee. a robust and impressive speaker, put in ten minutes to good purpose answering to his name by saying that in any good work he was never called for in vain. llc felt the inspiration of his surround- ings both here and in the State Grange .-md now just past .50 wished he had another 50 years to work through this grand organization for the good of his fellow men. llc had of all men faith in those who with their own right arms had developed the wealth of' our noble State. llc saw in the Grange such grand opportunities for‘ the dc- velopinent of the minds of these men and theirchildrcnaftcrthcni. lleplcad for work among the brothers and sis- tors of the dormant (,-‘raiigcs of the State and bad faith in their restoration if judiciously handled. “Go and shake hands wifhthem, brothers, in the spir- it of fraternity and good will. The best talent of the land comes f'roni the farm. The mind, like the inuckand clay that grows licautifiil tlowcrs,lics undcvelopctl and it is the province of this Order to present opportunities for its growth toa grand maturity. An lllllflL‘ll(‘(5 should go out f'roni this State flrange that would penetrate ev- ery neigliborliood.” Mr. llill, of the choir, was called on for a comic song and we got more than we expected in coiiiing—an llll- meusc laugh. Passing by some who “niust be ex- cused,” we come to -Judge liamsdell, who came to the front remarking that it was only fair to give a fellow who was to inake an impromptu speech about 24 hours notice and this the Wor- thy Master had neglected in his case. The Judge, it seems, had felt a little blue about the condition of the Order before coming to this meeting but he was now t'ull y reassured. The losses snstaiiied by the Order in numbers was after all no real loss. lIe said the more than :3o,ooo members once upon our muster rolls, in the matter of strength and influence, were as a mob is to a well disciplined army of half the number which we have to-day. He advised that young men with am- bition bc elected to places of trust and i'esponsibility as the older ones of those now serving must of iiecessity soon vacate, and in this matter made a per- sonal application. Bro. and Sister Itcdfcrn entertained the company with a comic recitation as did Bro. llill with another of his songs and the labors of the day closed. The ineetiug was a success and as we left the hall we thought what a grand Work has this Grange accomplished, as we compare this collection of farmers and their work with the State Grange of 1874. Thursday morniiig.--This third day of the session was called to order with- out a suspicion that anything unusual was in store for the legislative Patrons who listened to the morning song, the ritual prayer, and the reading of the minutes of the work of the preceding day. This routine work passed, the or- live wide-awake ’ '3 der of business was taken up, motions were made and disposed of, resolutions ' offered and referred, and -‘Reports of swered by the first genuine surprise of the session. The resignation of the Worthy Master without a whisper of its coming was for the moment like ruiniiiig a whole train off the track with the passengers not quite certain that in the next moment they might not land in a culvert or tumble over an embankment. Here is the document: \Voit'rni' l’.x'i‘aoxs:-—For the repeated ex~ pressions of confidence received at the liands of the State (iriinge I am profoundly grate» ful. For seven years I have labored faithfully to execute the commission placed in my hands‘, have learned to prize highly the ac‘- ipiaiiitziiice formed at the sessions of this body: have enjoyed the hospitality ofmany of you around your own liearflistones; but Z1CCul’l1lllf1l.€(l duties devolving npoii me com- pel. in justice to the Grange as well as to my- self, a resignation of the office of Master of the Michigan State (irange. And now, for- feiting nojot or fittle of faith in or hope for the Order, I place brick in the lmiids of the authority that issiicd it, the coiniiiissioii held so long. _=\iid henceforth I only ask to be al- lowed to work as a private in the ranks. Fra- tcrnally yours, 'L, G, 1,:'f-5, Each looked at the other with a what-does-it-mean sort of stare and a feeling of apprchensioii. The reading of the paper coiicludcd, who could say nay to the reasons assigned that im- pellcd this act of oflicial separation froiu the great body of Patrons that had been so long and faithfully served? llro. J. G. Rainsdell promptly cainc to the front with a motion of acceptance which he supported in a comprehen- sive speech, so convincing, that at its close the resignation was regretfully accepted. Knowing the severe strain to which the Governor was subjected by the multiplied duties he had assunied,we had all along felt his only seem-it_v from :1 physical break-down was less work and less responsibility, and this was well stated by Judge llainsdoll. ‘.\‘otliing could be more apparent than that the vote was prompted by a regrcttul sympatliy, impelled by a stern sense of duty to a fellow Patron. A. S. Partridge offered the following rcsolut ion: l\’t~soli'cil.'l‘liat this State Grange tender its Worthy .\lasfcr, the Governor of the State, llon. C. (2. Luce, a rising vote of tlianks for the cllicicnt mariner in which he has served the Order of l’:itron.s of llu.-bandry and for his work which coiitriluitcd so largely to the -ll1(l.l{l.llf_{ of the session ofthc N:1l.lt)l121li(il‘£111gC in this city a grand siicccss. licfore the vote was taken Sister Mayo took the floor and tliose who know the love she has for the Oi'dci' and her nice adaptation of Words to thoughts that canie gushing forth as from the very fountain of esteem and confidence and trust, can fancy the drift of her iinproinptu talk. It was no speech. It was an overflow of feel- ing that brought. the uncalled tear to the eyes of men unused to such a sttolle. When she sat down there were more ll2lll(il{Cl'(:lll(‘.iS in use than we ever saw before on this floor. Bro. ltamsdcll suggested that it would be eminently proper t'or visiting members to vote on this occasion and when the Worthy Overseer called for a vote on the reso- lution the entire body rose to its feet as one man. it was no f'ornial endorse.- nieiit and when the \Vorthy Master again resumed his duties he was visi- bly afl'ccted. An adjournment seemed in order and the hall was soon cleared under an order f'or recess until two o’clock. At that hour the first work after the opening was the exemplification of the unwritten work. The special order, the election of Master and three members of the Executive Committee followed, resulting in the election of Bro. Thomas Mars on the first ballot. There seemed general satisfaction at the result of the election. Little more was done and a recess was taken until nine o’clock Friday mornintr. Seven o’clock found the ball well filled with Patrons and citizens of Lansing. The iWorthy l\Iasf.er an- iiounced that in the progress of events the ladies had at last got to the front as would be seen by the pi-ogrmn of the evening. After a song and prayer by the Chaplain, Mrs. Hazlett, of this city, was introduced and in the half hour that she used most acceptably, followed by Sister Mayo, abundantly proved that the program had been wisely made and successfully worked. After a song, Mrs. , of Ohio, was introduced. Her recitation brought down the house and they demanded a return of this accomplished elocution- ist to the front. A second recitation was equally well received and the la. bors of the ladies for the evening closed. We can not give any of the work of Friday in this issue. The paper has been delayed three days for so much. otlicers of the State Grange” were 2111- g Secretary's Annual Report. \Von'rin' .\lAsi‘i;ii AND Fi-:LLow PA- Tno,\'s:—Tl1e return of auoth_er annual session with the representatives of 40 counties of our good State assembled in this beautiful hall. now so faniiliar to thousands of the Patrons of Miclii- gan and other States, demands from your secretary a statmiient of the business transactions of his oflice dur- ing the fiscal year 1857. Rl£(Tl£ll"l‘S. and dues from Subordinate (irruiges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$3-893 74 Subscriptions to Orange Visitor .. . . 1,667 83 Amount charged lecture fund on ac- count of Grange Visitor . . . . . . . . . Adverfi:-ing collections . . . . . . . . . . . . Received from supplies sold.. . liiterest collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees 70 25 57° 52 5” 9° 245 92 Total receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s6,9oi 2i 1)l.slll’RSF..\lEN'l‘S. Expenses sessioii of 1586 . . . . . . . . $1,266 Per diem and e\'pense Ex. Com. . . . 219 l’i*inting of proceedings and other lllfllltlf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . llill for siipplies . . . . . . . .1 . . . . .. .. Slatioiicry Seci'cfary’s office . . . . . . . 47 l’o.~:fage “ “ 79 Postage and sta’n'y, Master's office, 0 (mice rent. Secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 Salaries officers State Grange . . . . ..1,45o lines to Naitiniiial (irnnge. . . . . . . .. 565 v Aim. of orders (lf(1\\'ll on lecture fund 17;’ Amt. charged lecture fund on aC‘ct Grange Visitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Printing and niailing Orange \’isitor.1,9_3S lkistnge paid on (lraiigc Visitor... S9 Sundry expenses on ace’! O. V.. . .. Paid for railway certificates . . . . . . . . Miscellaiieous' expciiszs. including freight, drayage and excliange. .. lo 16 Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$O,4_‘,4 3! Balance in favor of receipts . . . . . . .$ 52:‘; 90 On a review of the financial condi- tion of the State Grange since 18:31) I find in five of the seven years there has been a credit balance. In two the expenditures have exceeded the re- cclpts and in one only has the credit balance equaled that of this year. In all these seven years the receipts have exceeded the expenditures by -‘3fi1:}.fi1, something less than $100 a year. At this rate it will take a long time foi‘ the State Grange to get rich. lint, these figures indicate prudent inan- agcnicnt on the part of the Executive Committee of the interests committed to their care by the Patrons of the State. ft is gratifying to know that the receipts of fees and dues exceed those of last year by -'31-17.50. This certainly is reassuring when we re- member that it has been a hard year for Michigan farniers. We can assign this increased iinprovciucnt in the finances of the ()l'('l('l’ to no one thing e.si~ccitlly,inorc than to the (‘onlcst l’lan, introduced ivithin the year in our State. That it has l)f‘f‘.ll iisu‘-.d with l)CllCl’.*~'|l(‘('C.\'s in those Grangcs that show the largest finzincial gains is not made evident by that fin-1, f'or all neigliborlioo<_ls are not alike. While Grange extension is comparatively easy in one locality, it may be greatly rc- stricfe-l and hindered in another owing to sparse settlement, SC:ll'(‘lt_V of iiieans or other c.-nises. The banner Grange thus far in this line of work is the one that first brought it into promiuciice, Palmyra féraiigc, No. 21;’, of lienawee County. lts progress has been fri- uinpliaiit throughout the year. It has added 87 new names to its membership of 72 at this time last year, and paid $1413.22 into the State treasury. This sum is more than f'our times the amount paid by this Grange the pre- vious year. A new feature I uinlcrstand to be the outgrowth of their con1,cst.-' is the forming of 21 Grange Literary Club that meets altei'ii:1fc weeks with the regular scssioiis. The Giixxui-; Visrroiz is patronized in such Gra-ages by 'i*.':l_V of its coflcrs and i‘.-' columns. 01 42 I8 39 ()2 353 Several strong Giniiges have grown stronger by,:idding to their ineinbcr- ship and a few weak Granges have be- come strong under the operation of the conipetitivcplan. Notable ainong these latter is Bu Iler G range, No. 7H, of Blfllllfll County. This little Grange lias more than doubled its lll0llll)(‘.l‘s‘lllp and pays this year three and one-half times as much as last year Into the State treasury. \Vliile an addition to our incmbcr- ship is a hopeful sign,it is by no means the only or be result that this competitive scheme works in those Granges that heartily and unitedlv adopt it. The bringing out of latent talent, the awakening of dormant en- ergy for the Order and the refreshing vigor of entliusiastic good fellowship, surpass all other considerations. Iii- creased attendance, with a vigilant eye to the designated time for calling to order, are among the benefits not to be lightly overlooked in a general sum- ming up of the advantages that accrue 1.0 Granges that have tested the stimu- lating influences of the Contest, and for these do we most earnestly coin- mend the plan to all those Granges that have stood afar off while good re- sults have been garnered by their more enterprising neighbors. The growth of the Order in this State has llut been Well distribuic l. A score _or more of Granges still cling to an cxis_te_ucc that barely secures their recognition, while they have so linle vitality that if pronounced dead they would not be missed. Others have held their own without gain in membership but with suflicient interest to fully reward their members for coming to- gethei' with regularity, while other (arranges have had a real boom. 1n the lecture field,as already shown. but $177.71 of the $400 appropriated by _the last State Grange, was used, while $70.25 was charged to that fund on account of VISITORS supplied to members of new Granges, as author- ized by the State Grange. We have no "'9 JUNE 21. 1894. THE GRANGE VISITOR. 5 The becfure. Field. WORTH PRESERVI.\'€r. We continue to publish replies to our questions to lecturers, and invite further answers. 1. How often do you meet‘? On what evening and at what hour? At what hour do you usually close? ‘ 2. Do you have a literary program at each meet- lflg? Please name a few topics that you have re- cently discussed with profit. 3. How much heed does your Grange give to the strict enforcement of parliamentary rules? _ 4. Does degree work occupy a prominent part m_your Grange work‘? 0. How frequently do you have public meetings? DO you ever hold meetings where your friends who age not Patrons are invited by your members? W hat IS your opinion of the value of either of these kinds of meetings? 6. VVhat plans have you for increasing your membership? CHESHIRE GRANGE NO. 520. 1. _We meet twice a month, on Saturday evening on or before the full moon, and in the afternoon two weeks from that time. This is done to accommodate the older ones who do not like to be out dark nights. The hours for meetings are 7 and 1 p. m. We usually close at 9 and 4 p. m. 2. We usually have a literary program of select readings, recitations, and some quotations for discussions. 3. But very little, as our Grange does not like too much restraint. 4. When occasion requires we confer tlée degrees, but make no particular note 0 it. 5. VVe have public meetings three or four times a year and then we have meet- ings when our families are all invited. Our experience is that when we have a public meeting and a dinner we have a house full, otherwise not so many. 6. Our plans are so ditferent from most Granges that perhaps it is better not to mention them at this time. Mas. G. W. LEWIS, Lecturer. EATON RAPIDS NO. 360. 1. We meet on or before the full of the moon each month, in the evening on Sat- urdays, and two weeks after in the after- noon, so as to accommodate all. Meet at 7 and 2 o’clock, and close at 9 and 4. 2. We aim to have literary work at every meeting. Have had contests and now have divided the Grange into three sections with leaders who furnish entertainment alter- nately, two meetings apiece and then change leaders. Nearly all topics are covered in our discussions. 3. VVe consider that one of the very im- portant things in Grange work is the dis- cipline, it is worth very much to us. 4. Too prominent, I think, although we initiate in classes and try to make it as brief as possible. 5. In the winter season we hold our day meetings at the members‘ homes in the form of a social meeting in the forenoon, taking our dinner, and invite those whom we think would make desirable members, and some- times have a short program. 6. The answer to number five seems to be the best plan we have ever tried. \Vould say farther that if every member would try to make every meeting such a grand success that all the members would not only think about it but talk about it to their friends, it would do more than anything else to add members. F. A. OSBOPN. TRAVERSE NO. 379. 1. Every alternate Saturday at 1 o’clock p. In. Close about half-past three. 2. Yes. Topics, The reading habit; What shall we eat 1’ Shall we have a workshop on the farm‘? The culture and care of all crops are dis- cussed in their season. 3. None. 4. Yes. 5. None. 6, None. E.\I_\I_sI MCMULLEN. YPSILANTI. N0. 56. We meet the first and third Saturday afternoons of the month, from 1:30 to 4 o’clock, always closing promptly. Topics that have drawn out considerable interest are: “Can Michigan farmers continue Wheat raising with profit?" “Feeding milch cowsg” “\Vhat shall the children read?” “ \Vhat has been the effect of the demonetizing of silver on the business world ‘P’’ '‘ How much work shall the farmer put on his dooryard ?” “Legislative appro- priations for public institutions.” The members are now exchanging questions for discussion. Each gentleman was assigned by lot a lady, and each lady was assigned agentleman to whom to give a topic or question for a paper or talk in the future. JENME BUELL. ROCHESTER NO. 257. Once in two weeks Saturday, from 2:30 to 4:30 p. m. 2. Usually a short program. Topics are,. Annexation of Canada to the United States; Current events; Officers’ sal- aries, etc., recitations and songs. Quite close to parliamentary rules. 4. Only when initiating. 5. When installing officers and council meetings. Don’t think they do much good. Have heard guests boldy ex- , cumulation. claim when asked to join, “ What’s the use! We get into your big times anyway!” 6. None whatever, except to live our princi- ples. ‘ Mas. J. J. Suoox. ALAIEDON NO. 289. 1. Every Saturday evening. Call to order as soon as there is a quorum present after 7:30. Those not there have to work their way in. Close about ten. 2. Yes. Order of sessions is: Business meeting, 30 minutes; recess 30 minutes; degree work, program, or reading of papers balance of meeting. 3. A good deal. We practice some of the rules every night. A member out of order is called down. 4. Yes. We have con- ferred one of the four degrees at nearly every meeting this year. 5. Socials or open meetings once a month. Most of the outsiders come more through curiosity than anything else. We have obtained some new members in that way. 6. Open meetings and solicitations by our members. Keeping our work and doings before the people through the county papers. Miss GRACE OLns. FARMERS’ LOAN ASSOCIATIONS. The following is from the report of the committee on Investment and Loan Associations of the National Grange: Resolved, That a standing committee to be known as the Committee of Investment and Loan Associations, shall be appointed by the VVorthy Master of the National Grange, and similar committees shall be appointed by Masters of State Granges, in their respective State organizations. These shall be annual appointments till further action is taken by this body. It shall be the duty of these committees, and especially so of the National commit- tees, to further investigate this subject, to organize companies, and test the matter by actual and practical business forms, and report to their respective Granges, during the annual meetings thereof. As there has been from time to time considerable inquiry by interested Patrons as to the progress we were making, the following brief outline of the method of forming an investment and loan association is presented,—- further methods of perfect- ing the details, the proper wording of receipts, certificates of stock, rules, regula- tions, by-laws, etc., to be had upon applica- tion to State or National committees: To form an association, let any specified number of Patrons meet, elect a president, a secretary and treasurer, and a board of directors. Adopt a set of by-laws and rules, for government, which should define the duties of the officers, when meetings shall be held, fix rates of interest, amounts of deposits, full value of shares, date of their maturity, character of securities, etc., open books for deposits, receive the deposits from all, look for a borrower, investigate his security and transfer the money to him. VVhen a number of meetings ha.ve been held, the deposits made at each will amount to a considerable sum. This can then be in- vested in upon real estate owned by some member of the association who has complied with the articles of the by-laws regulating the same. Oftentimes borrowers are will- ing to give a. small premium for the money; many associations auction it oif to the highest bidder, thus adding a little to their fund. Fifteen men thus meeting monthly, paying in 3'35 each, which cannot draw interest while in the pocket, gives the sum of $75, a respectable amount to loan, and at once capable of drawing interest at full rate. The 122 payments credited on the depositors’ books show at the end of the year an aggregate of $900. The interest account earned by this sum, credited to the depositors, and f11_rther augmented by the little premiums and fines, give our little company which started with nothing the respectable capital of 5950. Thus the association has helped each of the 15 men to save $60 cash, and its earning of $3.33. This surely is not a large sum, but multiply it by 10 years of faithful savings it carries it into the hundreds and transforms the spendthrift into a respectable land owner. Of the benefit and practicability of such associations your committee are entirely satisfied, and hope in the future to see the members of our Order deriving benefit therefrom, in the double form of the saving habit formed, and the resulting cash ac- Among civilized nations we I are regarded as an extravagant people. This is one of the conditions of a new country where the speculation in land and all aids to national development give ample opportunity for quick accumulations; but ; these conditions are slowly passing away .: and the more saving methods of the older countries must take their place. Agricult- ure will be the first to see this change, in fact, it is seeing it already, and it is well for the farmer to realize the situation. The scheme of savings and loan associations is not, however, offered as a panacea for all monetary conditions of these future times, but simply to rank as one of the many little aids that already aid Patrons in saving the hard-earned income of the farm. The Derrick Oil C0,, sell oils to members of the Grange at wholesale prices. CALIFORNIA MIDWINTER EXPOSITION. In the City of Palms. There could have been no better selection made for the Mid-winter Exposition than California, and no place in California superior to its metropolis. Our midwinter is the beginning of spring, and the harvest of our citrus crop of oranges, lemons and limes. Truly is the state then golden, for meadow and hillside and farm are painted as with a yellow brush. Our western state has won the title of “golden” through the coloring, for nature painted its surface before the adventurous miner dug the golden metal from its bosom. The California poppy,delicate and richly yellow, dominating to such an extent as to permit no rival to outshine it, has been selected as the state flower, and its lesser companions of the sunflower family paint yellow the patches the poppy has apparently passed. All winter the visitors to the fair, save the few rainy days, have appeared in sum- mery clothing, spring bonnets, parasols, and russet shoes. And the rainy days, though apparently under the control of the management, have regulated their visits, so that the Midwinter Fair has had almost a rainless winter. What has been pleasant, however, in this regard for the visitor and the pleasure- seeker,has been bad for the country farmer, for without rains in March and April much of the California crop, especially in the southern valleys, will be a failure or nearly so The day your correspondent took as a typical day to observe the various exhibits and attractions was the 19th day of May- a day set apart for the Knights of Pythias. It was indeed a day of sunshine and flowers ~—as much of one as the other. One almost needed snow shoes to navigate through layers of roses a foot deep. 30,000 roses on the big net before the Administration Building; 200,000 of them on the Avenue before the Santa Barbara Building. The men on the floats in the parade threw flowers by the armful i11to the crowd and answering volleys came from numerous other points. The platoon of police at the head of the procession seemed to be riding on horses built of roses. Everything was roseate, and the gay dresses of the oriental visitors mingling with the festive decorations lent an addi- tional vividness to the whole scene. This was, of course, an unusual demonstration, but they have happened all winter. Wlien one sees, at Christmas, callas, geraniums, fuschias and roses of all kinds blooming in the open air in profusion, and knows from earlier experience that his friends afar are fearful of blizzards and cyclones and s1Iow and ice, and are by com- pulsion shut indoors, he can begin to appre- ciate some of the luxuries of spending a winter in California. But in my ecstasy over the winter climate Ihave forgotten the Fair. It is wonder- ful! Begun last fall and a veritable exl1i- bition in January strikes one with an ad- miring astonishment that is exhilarating constantly. How was the ground graded- the buildings c0nstructed——the exhibits placed—everything in so short a time? There is a pluck and a quick action among our enterprising citizens here that puts ; castles into shape at once. Much of the material and many of the exhibitors and concessionaires from the Columbiang Exhi- bition at Chicago are to be seen at Sunset City, and if one wishes an object lesson on _the products of California—natural and cultivated—he will get it here within one enclosure. Everything in California has a tinge of the mammoth variety. Even the rainfall goes beyond inches, and some localities 5 have as much as seven feet of rain in a season. At the parade spoken of above, there were more than 20,000.000 of roses used. In the northern California building I noticed ; a grape vine 42 inches in circumference, and Surprise oats 8 feet high ‘J0 days after sowing. In the San Joaquin Co. exhibit is a combined harvester operated with 26 horses and 4 men that cuts, threshes and bags 40 acres a day! Humboldt Co. exhibit through a redwood tree 14 feet in diameter and sees solid planks from the same wood 77 inches wide and 25 feet long. In the mining exhibit one sees a facsimile globe gilded represent- ing the gold out of the state from 1848 to 1893 of $l,248,272,935. From the southern part of the state there are pyramids of oranges and lemons and pre-historic elephants built of walnuts. San José has a prune horse, and Sonoma county a prune suspension bridge. There are specimens of coal and tan-bark I from the north, borax and varied colored granite from the southeastern part of the state, asphaltum from the south, basalt blocks, particularly from Sonoma county, with which most of the streets of the city are paved, and slate from Sierra county for roofing. ’ Specimens of fruit that are of such huge dimensions are exhibited in all stages green, preserved, pressed, dried and canned. Towering pyramids of olive oil, ceilings of One enters the‘ l pam pas grass and cellars of wine-hogsheads, casks_ and bottles, so that one is lost in the seemingly never ending exhibit. The site for this grand Exposition was , tendered by the park commissioners and- is a portion of the Golden Gate Park. For its age I confidently believe is not duplicated in the wide world. This pleasure ground alone, without the attractions of the fair, would pay one well for a visit. In the midst of this beautiful park about 250 acres have been set apart under afclosed fence. VVithin this enclosure are 247 buildings, built in the most approved style and with architecture that is ornate and unique. The grand court tower is a reproduction of the one produced at Chicago. In the central court is a mammoth fountain whose sprays and jets are illuminated with ever changing electric colored light, and from the Fine Art’s Building, built after the architecture of the old style adobe missions, can be heard the chimes of the bells. In the eveninga wonderful effect is produced by a grand electric illumination of all the build- ings. There are the streets of Cairo, Mid- way Plaisance, the Esquimaux Village, with its little urchins clad in skins, the In- dian Villages, with native tribes on exl1ibi- tion, the Hawaiian and the famous burning volcano Kilakua. The South Sea Islanders, Ceylonese and Siamese are of interest among the concessions. Boone’s arena gives a fine exhibit of wild animals and their performances. He has one angry lion named Parnell that has up to date, from the opening of the Exposi- tion, killed a man, a bear, and a dog. The ’49 Mining Camp is among the concessions and a reproduction is given here of the life, scenes and incidents of the early history of California and the time of the discovery of gold. The whole Exposition is all that is claimed for it and its success has far exceeded the most sanguine expectations of its pro- moters. It is a general outline of the entire state of California, with its produc- tions, agricultural, mineral, and animal, and with a view of the Pacific slope con- densed. It teaches practically what could not be learned by theory perhaps in several generations. No one surely can regret, be he traveler or resident, the fact that he has visited the IVIidwinter Fair at San F ran cisco, and those who have seen it regret that they cannot stay longer or that it should be closed so soon. W. F. Araas. Sm: /“nz»z;.-'.~‘m, Cm‘. SILVER. Somerset, :7’1urc,1.S’91’. EDITOR VI.11c‘l11:e.'»=1<. Ilarkl VVLII, and \vl1:1? of that? I|ids‘t ion/li_v vlrr:=1n1 thv son would never set ': Iiost1'e:1r to lo.-e thy vm_vI' Take courage yet. Loam thou to milk by r'ai‘1'11 and not by sight : Thy steps will guided be, and guided right. Hard Y Well, wlmt. of that ? Dirl.-:’t fancy life one summer holiday, \Vith lessons 11one to learn unit naught but play ? Go, get thee to thy task! (,‘_o11quer or die I It must. bclc'.1rned.' Learn it then pzitiently. N1 help 7 Kay, 'iiS not sol V . _ ‘though ‘m1m..n help be 1:11‘, thy God 15 nigh \\"lt:- 109115 the l‘Zt\'I'llS h«:a.r.- llis children's cry, }le'.< near thee v.'!1c =-'1e’er thy footsteps roam. Anri Ila mll u11i.1otl1cc, light thee, help then l~.nn1-3. \Vo1'k on . WOMAN IN THE GRANGE. 1.\u'n1:x1";dr‘ BL‘.\'K.ILR 1111.1, nwaxwrz. 3"? ‘ERIE. .7. 3'1. My in}-11d: nntl wortliy Putrons, Co111..-lislu11 to my song; .‘~irce God dccr-..-ed t'm1tMa.tron.< Should lIl"l1‘ the world along, I11111 why !-‘llCl1l(l feetlile inuiihood Expert to win the race, I'n'1es.~1 his liclp-111:1te——V\'oma11 - 'I'.~1k'.-s l1er ullotted place? It uscd to be the mistoxn. As ancient st-'1ri»;s 12111, To think of V\'I)1'll;lfl, only An‘ ll $i.‘1'\':iIli llllt-3 lIZ‘(\ll. Shin tI1e.1 was tl1<111-glut 1111:1‘.1lc M:111's equal o'c1' to be, In matters of ;_-1-1221‘: iniport And .u.or:iabilii.y. ’ But now the noble I‘utrox1.=, The lciulcrs of our band ; Have changed the :111(‘icut customs, \Vl1icl1 have ruled througliout. our land. They’ve given a cliance to wo1n:1r1, To walk with equal pride Tbesu halls, in secret session V\'ith our liiisbaiids, side by side. ‘slfliile other noble 01-rlezrs Give womaii one degree, And tl.1ai.- to merely satisfy Her «:u1'io.~1ity, Our Order gl\"rS us (‘Ill-'1-I cbuncn With Brothers, good and true ; To show the world by word mid deed Vlfhat we intmid to do. 'I'I11:~n, let 11-1 not be idle : We'll see vrlial. we can do. \Ve'll make ou1'prcr".*.'cct 1 Brier’s”app¢-al slu: ,-'11i«l, “(T-11119 tl1(1.~'(‘ of, other place wlicre wc we:-re c11€crt:1i11cd, the so 111an_v orguiii-.ts that the \\"o1‘tl1_v l\l:1ste‘1' every 111ccLi11g, i11 o1'de1'Lbat all should have organ 0fl1c1‘ own, she gave us a rare treat of beautiful 11*.:1si<-., and I concluded she was enough for the fll'SL time. Iftliis finds favor idea, and should be adopted by other April ‘.3.—“The most practical method of #1 RI I l_Uncle Nine Gathers His } '‘1’du1t1I1:-’ rllillllllltltl. ~10 ' * i --Chillren" About Him :—la1111=11ly 11 little girl I( 11 3 )'t*Hl‘a' Old. so _vo:: l-(!:<1W I 21111 too yoiiug to ‘ t)€'l0llg to the Grange. I‘-.1 and M21 21131119111- ‘ beixs oftl1c(;‘1'u115_1;c and have taken the VI»- 1'1'okmo:-.t live _vca1'.~'z111:l wc like it 11'» ll. I like the poetry lirst. 111111 glwl you lmve . given the cliildrs-11 a 1-ol1.111m iii the \'1.-rri-1; forl know I slxaill likcto1‘e:;1ltl1clclt'.‘rs. I go to S('l1(1l1l 1110:-‘t of‘*.l11- ti;11ctl1i.-1 winter istl1eli1sLwi11t1:ril1:1t I liave eve-1' bu.-11. l , have two brotlicr.-:, 1111-». ciglit and the r1tl11*1' l, two. 5 cute I know you would like to S(-‘(‘llll]l. l ('I1‘('/C _\’inI ltl ' ii 1'1‘ _vc;1r.-1. My little two-,v::u1' old brotlier i.-1 sol \\'t' : f are going to build :1 new lion-e next sumim-1‘. 3 (3.1 141111-: .‘.I. II.\11'1. Milton, Feb. ll), l\\l. /'ru7(c.\'h1c.'—I11 answer to the 1'c'Si;w'i you i11 niaking a selection. All z1n11uals, -Sc per paper, and bcrejust let. me say to 1’a.’/‘ans, I have put- ronizcd this firm for several ye;-.rs1, and lind e\'cr_vtl1i11gz1s rcpreseiiteil, and bulbs arrive in the best couditioii. Mus. 1-‘. 11. l‘ortagc, Feb. 13, lssl. I,’/1.r;/t.’ .\':f:.-r‘ .'--» I saw in the (1iI{.~\N1."1,‘c:1'ct:1ry. I am 1-} years old, but have not yet inade up my 111i11d tojoin the (Mange, 21.~1Ir1n1 ufruid the goat will tlirow me. I lfave 1.».-(~11 trying to get Ma to tell me liow llicy act in ilicir U1‘-.111ge nieetiugsi, but she won’t, so if I join they will be :-;ur9 to laugh at me. I did not gr: to school this winter on iiccount of being in ill lzealtli. I have an (,)I‘,4.;‘aIl, but can not play much yet. Ye have had snow for six weeks, but it is r:1ini11gto- duy and the snow i.-:111olti11g fmt. l‘:1 own.-; :1 s-.1w mill and s;1w‘~: :1 great deal of lumber i11 wi11ter,z1111li11 the 5-111111111-91‘ giw-s his ai- ie11lio11 l(1l':lTn‘1li1g.' lic I135 120 :14_'1'c.s0i'.la11‘l1v1'wootl, l‘'cl1. 0. I-Z1<1.r:. I'm-/r. .\'/up .- —l 11oti«.-edyou1'rc1p1csti11the I-'1:..x.\‘1;1: \'1.-1'1'u1;, and as my 1-'y111p21tl1i:-.~. are with the (miiigc.-1 and young people, I I take pIe:1.<111'o.- i11writi11g to tiiem. My daily ‘ u1':'ll[1.‘!li()X1 is in the .~I:lit1ul~n>11)'1l with till" (l:ll(ll't‘II,ilIl(l 11,- the f11111ily I board with have 21 numbcr of wiile-:1wz1kelii‘1lc folks, I ill;c'-tU.‘~_3ecll1£l1‘C0lil1;111\V<‘lliill(‘1l. I 11111 old ' 1:r1m1gl1,s(1tl121[I have been :1 (irz111_ger for’ You -poke of the 1){JI.'IlllllI‘itleS of , llac yt.11'i11 wlii-:l1 your f;1tl1cr was born, I think I l1.:vc ill.-1-1'1\'c1‘c1l the _vea1~-.1ro11e that is .5-11l1je§1-'1 to tl1e.-‘:1n1e p€'('lIllLll‘lil('~', namely, " “ lsiiri." l’l<-11-c tell me if I am corret-l.l1111l l if my l1-tlvr is worlli publishiiig, I 111:1y ', I would like 10:1-k Ilic _v.111:1g H'2::l4'l':-‘ of your p21pcrt‘11i- following que.-:tio11, 1 ‘ "\\'l1yisi:tl1:1twoo1ls11ap:1 wlu,-11 bur11i11~;j i11 1111 :1pI;11 r'11«1--1.11.1-.~1.~*."’ \'o111'-1‘~~spr<'tl'11lly. .‘.l.\ 1' I-‘r:x‘1‘1»:~'. I":11'111:-1'.-* I‘. 0., I’-~11. Hili, l.\'\l. i ‘II/'1/I A‘. ///I’ _'-— l1l‘i(lf;':,-.-. l wi‘ilx-_\'oi1:1i'1.-w llIlk'S;.il11)llI I live in the lH\\'il:«'l1l[) of Lowcll, ‘ CUlllll_\' of Iii,-1s1,:111-1;~'1-.1'.e of ;\Ii1:l1ig:u1, in tl1ctir.111d River \';1l3t»y. ’l‘l1c1-z:- :11'c 111:1.11y bridges 21<-ro.-;s that rl\‘o.-1‘ I11 this couixty; two :1‘. Iiowcll, one of wl1ir.'l1 is wood, 21nd the otlu r wood and iro11,a11d :1 vvomlsii one-iii Ada. \Vl1ile in tlic city of G1‘~.111z1< _;roo1l i1iI‘:llI§.f‘k‘IF ?‘llI()Lllll. I am luyear.-1 old. I lix"cwiLl1 l’11vlc and .~\1111tie now. My 31-.11iic-.l 11c:11'ly 2 y1.-211's ago. I have a litilc sister licre too, she is- nczirly 2 years old ; we call her M :u11ie. ’>‘l1c I cannot speak my mxnic, so .-:l1c calls me Abbie. Ifslic gives 111c zinytbing, she tells me to s21_vtuta.. I cannot write very good, but I am liaving l'11cle Joe teach me every night 110w. I did not try to write till tlielast two terms of scliool. I think tcacl1c1'sdo11't take pains enough with little scliolars i11 writing. Uncle says they don't any way. Uncle and Auntie like your paper, and I like the letteixs from the little folks like me, and maybe if you read tl1is,n.nd will publish it in the \'1.~:1‘ro1-:,so111c one else will like to read this. I asked Uncle to write for me, and he said no, l1edid11’t want. to ; as you would rather get one froni the little folks them- H(.‘lV’€l-I, and you would fix it up before it was printed. Uncle Joe writes i11 some of his letter.-1 when he tinisl1csup,f1'ater11silly thine, but l1c says ‘good night.’ will do fo1‘tl1istime for me. He says I must not write on both sides when I write to a paper. because they can’t cut it up and give all the men that fix the type a piece to work at. \Vell, I must say good night. L1-:'1"r11-2 I1‘. (_‘A1<:1.'1'. Big lapids, Feb. lltb, 131151. [Lettie, we thank you for t.l1is Valentine. —l’:~.'1‘1.-11: l\'1N1:.] Uncle» A'1'ne.'—I11 the “ Youths’ Depart- ment " of Feb. 15th, friend Ada wants to know more about bridges, so I will tell her about the bridge across the Firth of'I‘ay. It is the largest structure of the kind in the world, measuring 3,420 yards; in is made entirely of iron and cost: $l,7f‘»'1,000; number of spans being 84. The answer to Cl1arlie’s puzzle, in the same paper, is Grand Rapids. I live on a farm of 100 acres, in Southern Michigan, about nine miles from the Ohio line. 121 and M11 belong to the Palmyra Grange, No. 212. P3. is Master, and Ma. is Secretary. 1 am only 12 years old, so I can not be admitted to the Grange. The Grange has the use of two rooms in our house, so I attend the literary exercises, and enjoy them very much. HA'1"T11<: C01,»). DOES IT PA1'.—I.{ave just bought through the Grange Agency, another $.‘;:3,00 sewing machine for $17.00 cash, and the freight was about 60 cents, this is the second we have bought in ayear, shall buy another in a few days. In general, sewing macliiues can be had through Grange Channels, l'or about one half what they are sold for by local or travel- ling agents. AMONG the bills passed by the Senate re- cently was one appropriating some $66,000 for the State Agricultural College and board of agriculture, $25,000 of which is to be used i11 erecting a new building for museum, . uznple r1i'tl1i.~u-I:-.2-‘>2. . 111:1 library, class room, etc. .\l.\ll(‘ll l.'.1'u.l President Garfield and the Railroads. (111 tl,-c:.’111lol' July, l.\T."._ I'rc'-i1i,cnt (inr- lie-ld (lclivercd an 1.1«ldre-.~- l1vt1>l‘(~- the literary .-iwie-iy of I{u.l.~ao11 ('()llm_gc Ills .-11bje(-t being " 'l‘l1e-future oftl1cllep11blic. its liungers and }lupc.~." \\'e__1:ive 21 few ¢'.\'tl‘:l1't~' touching 1111 the 1':1ii1'oad «,11es1io11 that will be of in- tc‘1'e.~'t 1111dsl1u11l1l be 1-i11‘1»f11l!_\‘ rt:-.1d and ex- aniiiied : "'l'l1e‘1'c is:u1o!l1crcl:1-~ol‘1l:111L:c1's, unlike any we Iiuvc yet (-o11.~i1lt~r1:-I —-dn11i_~‘crs en- ,;:c11r'i»l11u1gc, niore 111:1rkc1l, 111o1‘c pc rv:1'1i:1i+-.-1 were made for us v-.111l1'ol. Aic 1-111' i111-'.i111iio11.< strong -e~v1o11_«_'l1 1-1 ~'t:ll11itl1e 9-llIN‘lx' z111dst:1:11l1l1a\ 11,-."'<1il(1l'21 twelve p.11111.l .-.l1ot." "I‘l1c il:iz1;~.;cr 11> l.c appreliciult-1l H.111-1-1 not ,1-.1'i.-:cl'ro111tl1c riiilrnad, but 1'1-.';;n its c11111l1E— 11:1tion with 11 pie-1-12t1l'lc;:z1l 11121«Jl1i11e1'y known :1~1tl1c p1'iVz‘1t': ., 'porallu11_ I11 (ll>‘<‘ll.\‘~lllg‘ il1i-' ll1c1111- w=- 111u.~d. not 11u:kca11 i111li.-:1-1'i111i11-me:11l:1<‘k upmi corpor- :1tio11.-1. ’1‘i1ccorpor:1ti1111, limitcd tf1llHp1‘up- (‘T ll-+9. is Out‘ of the 11111.-it v.-iluziblc of the nniny 11.-'s.‘»l‘11lcrcatioiisnfl:1w. ()11c clue:-1 ol’ corpr>r;1lio11-‘ I111»-pluye,-«I :1 11101-1 iinportuiit zyid cu:1:epic11:1111< purl. in 1-1-w11ri11j.-‘ ilic liber- ties ol'111:111ki114l. it wu.- ti11- 11111::i-.-ipul cor- puraiioli.-1—tl1ct'1cc4-ilicriazulcl1.11'tv1'edtowns -tl1.,it pr’.--‘r':r1'cr.l tilI1l(l(:\":‘lf)}I(‘kl tl:c spiritof f1‘<1"¢l-.1111 dI.1:'iz1_i_: i'l1t—-:l;11'li1:q-«- of the 111i-Idle U-,'£<‘H, and powe1*l'11ll_\' :1id-1-d ii: the <1\'crtl1row nftlie Ii-iulnl 1-ey:.lt—111. 'l‘l14-1-l::,1rt1-1.-1 of lion- duh and of tbc lc-'~'.<~r ('ltil':-I :111d l1)\A'll>} of I-I11_1,~'l2m1l 11111z1si-'ol'111<1:-‘E oi‘ our 7i|.:1tc.-:. Till:-a cl;1:~.-‘ of co1‘§m1'.u,i1111u lmvc been 1110.-it uscful, and ulnio-:t:1lways safe. |1ccz1u.'-1e they l1avc'11ec'11 kept con.-‘tnvitly within the con- trol of the co111111unity forwl1o.~1ebenetittliev are crrutcil. 'l'l1c State I111:-‘ iicver .~u11'1’end- ercd the power ol'111111-11di11g their cburtcrs. ’I‘l1e curly l‘lIlglIHll law wriu-1's (‘,l1b\‘.-llllfid ull corporatio11;- into public and pr! vale; calliiig tl1().~'{‘ ofa muiiicipal cl111r:11'-te1' pub- l1c(1rq1/rm? public, and :11] others, private co1'por11tio1_1s. 'l‘l1«-. latter class, oftliat time, und Illll(‘(‘(l lwmg :1ftc1'w:1r1l, co11.-'is't+,=1l cliicfly ofsucli organizutioiis as l1ospi1al_.~, (-tillegg-,~'_ and otl1cr cl1:11‘ili1-1- siipporicd by priv11tL-ben- cfzictioiis. ’I'l1e 0\\‘II€I‘nlll[) oi‘tl1«-.-propcrtv. D0t U18 0bj€'<‘t of the co-rpor11t.i1111, was 111:1de the busi.-1 ofclzis.-ificuti-1n. If the property \v;1.«1ow11c1l wholly by lilt-Slate<1rtIu;1nuuj. ripulity, the (':0l'j)0l'?i.l ion VVH.‘ public; ifown- cd wholly or partly by individual citizens, the corporatioii was private, From {big (ll:'llIl(3ll0ll, have :1ri.~¢~11 the legal dith- (eulties attc11di11g:1v1_v aitcnipt, on flu» part of ti1cco111n1unlt_v, to control tl11.-:.r1‘eutbusi- ness corporations. V [?11dc1' the name of privutc corpo1'z1tio11s, organizations have grown up, not for the I-'('!'pctratio11 ofa great (‘l1r11'ity, like :1 col- lege or Iiospitul, not to e11:1l,1l.e a company of citizens inore ('0II\'(‘I'Il('lltly to carry on pri- vatc industry; but a 4-I11.-as of corporatioris uiiknown to the curly luw writers liasarbien; and to tlu-in l1uv(- been i-ominitted the vast powers of the railroad and tl1etclegrapl1,tl1e great, i11t~.rc:-its by which modern communi- ties live, move and have their being. Since the dawn of history, the great thorougl1f:1res have belonged to the people- liave been known as the king’s highways or tl1e public liigbwuys, and liave been opened to the free use of all, on payment of a small, uniform tax or toll to keep them in repair. But. now the most perfect, and the mostim- portant roads known to mankind, are owned and mariaged as private p1'ope1't_v, by 11 com- pa ratively sxnzill number of private citizens. In all its uscsi, the railroails are the most public of all our roads: and in all the objects to which its works relates, the 1'ailwa._v cor- poration is as public as any organization can be. But, in the start, it was labeled a private corporution ; and, so far as its legal static.-1 is (-om:-e1'11e1.l, it is now grouped with clec1n0sy- nary iiislitiiiious and private cliaritic-.1, and enjoys similar iminunities and exeniptioiis. It remains to be seen how long the com- niunity will suffer itselfto be the victim of an abstract definition. It will be readily conceded that :1 corpora- tion is really and strictly private, when it is £IlltlI0l‘l7.r‘1l to carry on such 11 bu-siness as a private citizen m-.»1_v carry on. But when the State has delcgated to a (30l‘p0I‘t1ilOI.l the sove- reign right of eminent domain, the right to take fro111 the private citizen, VVILIIOUI. his consent, a portion of his real estate, to build its striiz-.t-ure across farm, garden and lawn, into and through, over or under the blocks, squares. streets, cburclies and dwellings of incorporated cities and towns, across navi- gable rivers, and over and along public high- ways, it requires a stretch of the common imagination, and much refinementand sub- tlety of the law to maintain the old fiction that such an organization is not a public corpora:ion.—C£noinnaIi Grange Bulletin. I 3 3 MARCH 15, 1882. $urreap‘untIe1trr- Eighty Workers. Bro. Cobb :—-Allow me space in your ex- cellent paper to say that Roxand Centre Grange, No. 315, still thrives, with a mem- bership of about 80 workers; and, with a hall both comfortable and commodious, we still continue to enjoy ourselves in ahome of our own. At our last meeting the fourth degree was conferred, with Bro. J. W. Ewing, Master of Grand Ledge Grange, No. 301, officiating. About 48 of their number were present. Repairing to the basement, ' refreshments were discussed, and all did ample justice to the viands prepared for the occasion, nearly or quite 200 participating in the harvest feast, and we could but say, “ It is good for us to be here.” With steadily increasing numbers, full attendance, and perfect union of feeling and purposes — for verily, “in unity there is strength”—I think we can truthfully say, with pardonable pride, that our Grange stands at the front. Respectfully, MRS. H. L. STEARNS, Cor. Sec. Roxand Centre Grange. Hoytville, Feb. 18, 1882. Report from Calhoun County Grange. Bro. Cobb :——-As you have not heard from Calhoun county Grange in some time, and as I have something to tell, I write. Our County Grange met at Battle Creek for its annual election of officers, Feb. 9 and 10. You see we took two days for it. The report of the Lecturer showed eight Granges in the county, six of which had been visited by the Lecturer dpring the year. Quite a good many additions had been made to their numbers in that period. The Treasurer’s report showed $22.99 in the treasury. The Secretary’s report showed that the Pomona Grange has now_a membership of 104 ; eight meetings have been held during the year; 23 candidates have been initiated. The meet- ings all through the year have been largely attended, and have been full of interest. The following oflicers were elected for the year; Master, E. White; Lecturer, Nancy Cameron; Treasurer, John Hough; Secre- tary, Mas. PERRY MAYO. Marshall, Mich., Feb. 20, 1882. ______.________._____ Capital Grange, No. 540. Bro. Cobb :—Some of the most interesting things that I find in the GRANGE VISITOR are the reports of the various Granges of our State. We, as Patrons, are all interested in each other’s prosperity and welfare. There- fore, thinking that perhaps it might be of some interest to others, I will say that "Cap- ital Grange” is doing well. We ‘have at present 233 active members, and more com- ing in. It is not often that a Grange is los- ing interest on account of too many being received, but such was really the case with us, as we were conferring degrees at almost all of our meetings, leaving but little time for discussions and literary work, and for this reason our Grange decided by vote to confer degrees only every quarter. This makes it more pleasant for the candidates also, as we have then larger classes. As a Grange we often have exceedingly lively times, most members taking a very active part in the programmes, the subjects being earnestly discussed pro and con, but always in the best of spirits and feeling, for you know, the Grange is a good school to learn to be tolerant. The Lansing Co operative Association in- tend to break ground very soon, and con- template putting up a building 30x80 feet in size, three stories high —-