Yon. 7,——No.  I

L

Wnou: No. 107. l

filtered at the Post Office at fichoolcfnft
as Second Class matter.

fills  

Is I‘ul'7li;~h-rd on the First and 1"ift»3eiitii of
every month,

AT FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM,

E10\'l‘!1 (jopieni for .‘3l5.()(.).

J. '1‘. COBB, Editor and Manager,

To whom all comrniznirmti-ins should be B-l-ire.'4~:«.-'l,
at Bchoolcmft, )‘[i«:l'i.

Communications for, and C‘)I'l'8£:lI\OllLl(“llCf*. l‘v.'lli?l'Il;§
hthe Agx-icultuml Department of the (xB.x'.~'ui-: V is-
non, should be directed to A. U. GLXDDHN, Paw Paw.

Bernittaricee should be by Registered Letter, Money
Order, or Draft.

INDEX TO THIS NUMBER.

The World from the Sld.ewa.lk—Trees—C-onceminfl
Wcol———Letter irom “Old l’oultry."——ExliBurmH.'-5
The Wheat Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

The Railroads and the Yeople.....     2
Five-man l'ower—(irange of ’8l—Succei_4s in Life-
Are we Consistent ?—Uiiiust Taxation — lurrri

Hates, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. J

The Plaster Business-The Poor of our‘Staic—Insd-
vertent Mistakes—Huve Patience-supply Busi-
iness-Convenience and Value of Railroad Passes. 4

Worthy Master VVoodman's Reply to Harold Bur-
gess's Letter on “Free Tr&.de”——The Transporta-
tion Question and the Reagan Bill~—This is the
Way Farmers Begin to look at lt—From Barrio.-n
County Orange No. l : A No. l Grsnge—Pomonu
Grange Meuting—Dedii.-aticn and Installation- The
Need of More .‘ipcal<crs~—I.ame and Lazy . . . . .. 5

A Woman's Coiiclui-ions—’.l'lie A,<.vri-:ultural College
-—Fashicn-Don't l"r.lghtr.n the Little l)ncs———Love
of Trut.li—Wl:at Shall We do with our Girls I". . G

Our Gi'rm-,Ie~—Uiicle Nine bears from his _Youn;_z
l‘riends— The Reaper Tl*L‘F.i_vli--AdV8l'ili1.l.‘1Il(3llI“,. J‘
Notice of B; .§etings---Advertisement-l. . .. . . .. . . .

....._.... ..-un.

   

. «S

..._———a-5..-- ~. ..

Officers Michigan State Grange.

n..c. G. LUCE, - . . Gilead.
0.—A. N. W0OI)liUl7l1‘, - - \Vstl:rvliet.
L——C.. L. WHITNEY, - - — Muskegon.

s.—S. A. TOOKER. - - - - Lansing.
A. s.—A. E. GREEN, - - Wrmington.
O.—SA.LMON STEEL, - Munton, VVeriford C0.
'l‘.—8. F. BRO WN, - - - Schoolcmft.
g‘¢._,], T, COBB, - - - Sclioolcra it.

G.K.—ELIJAi{ B.\llTLE’l"l‘, - . Dryden.
cnans.—Mns. A. s. STANNARD, - - Lowell.
Ponozu.-—Mi—:.3 H‘. D. PLATT. - - Ypsilziiiti.
FMDBA.-—-MR5. A N. WVOODRUYI-‘, VVatervlicf.
L. A. 8.——-Mus. A. E. GREEN, - Furmington.

Executive committee.

THGMAS MARS, Chairmaii, - Berries Center.
J. WEBSTER CHILDS, - - Ypsilanti.
F. M. HOLLOWAY, - - » Hillsdale.

J. Q, A. BURRINGTON. - ’ Tl-1500194
WM. SATTERLEE, - - Birmingham.

THUS. F. MOORE, - - ~ - Adri8n-
JOHN PCHLTER. - - Grand Rapids.
0. G. LUCIE, J. '1‘. COBB, - — Ex-ofiicio.
General Deputy.
C. L. WI:l1TN‘i1‘iY, - ~ - Ml18k°80B-
State Business Agent.
wgonss iii.-\s<_ix_ - - Chicago, Ill.
Special Lecturers.
Thou. F. Moore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adrian, Lenaweo 00.

Geo. W,'Woodward.  . .. .. .. ..Shelby, Oceans. Co-
M. L. Sbevens,....  . . .....Perry, Shiawassee Co.

In. 8. Steele, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Manton, W’:-x.ford Go.
L. R Brown,.... .. .. .. ....Rawsonville, Wayne 00.
Andrew Campbell, . . . . . ..Ypsilanti, Washtenaw Co.

Ghas. E. Mickley. .. . . ..  ..Adrian, Leuawee Co.

Exhauslilig the Wheat Lands.

_.j.

There is one point in American competi-
tion with England wlilcli,though it has now
and then been touched upon. has never been
thoroughly worked out. America. is un-
doubtedly reducing the rent of land in _Eug-
land by the amount of food which she is en-
abled to send over here at a cheap rate. in
this way, too, land of an inferior quality in
England is goingoutof cultivation. But‘. all
this grain which is sent represents really so
much valuable manure. Instead of using it,
we slit up our rivers with the sewage of our
large towns, and millions‘ worth of fertiliz-
lng agents are, year after year, swept into
the sea. This is bad enough by itself. What
is worse, however, is that each successive
wheat centre in the United Slatesis more
rapidly exhausted than the one belore,
owing to the excessive over-cropping and
the want of manure. Thus, the soil in llie
United States is undergoing deterioatlon to
suppl us with the necessaries oflife, while
we who receive the food allow our soil to go
out of cultivation when the very substance
we receive would, if properlyused, enrich
and fertilize it. Posterity, perhaps, will
think we had very curious ways of dealing
vith their planet.—Patl Mall Gazelle.

..,_ _‘

  

  

   

I
‘i

 

A. 47. GLlDIH£.\'. - -

THE WORLD FROM THE SIDEWALK.
Did you ever Hililltl in the crowded street,
In the gliii-e of the city lamp,
And list to the tieml of a million feet
In their q'.i;iii;l.ly m:i:;ic;il tramp?
As the -liirgiiig crowd goes to and fro,
‘Tia it }"lv‘8.:‘i2il.ll. sight, I ween,
To mark the figures that come and go
in the ever—clia.iiging scene.

Here the pulzlicsii walks with the sinner proud,
Arid the priest in his gloomy dowl.

And Dives W3.ih:i in the motley crowd
With li.'i;r.ui'iis, Cl‘lf.‘£‘li by jowl.

How lightly trips the country li'.<s,
In the midst of the city's ills-—

As freshly pure as the daisied grass
That grows on her native hills.

When Time bu» beatcn the world's tattoo,
And his dusky armor digzht

I3 treading with echolees footsteps through

The gloom of the silent night,

How many of those shall be daintily fed
And shall sing to slumbcrs sweet ;

While many will go to :2. sleepless bed,
And never ll crumb to eat.

Ah me! when the hours go joyfully by.

How little we stop to heed

Our brothers and .-l§il5eX‘:l' despairing cry,
In their woo and bitter need I

Yet such a world as the angels iionglit
This world of ours we'll call,

If the brotherly love that the Father taught
VVere felt by each for all.

Yet :4 few short years. and this motley throng
VVill all have p3'izSv:u.l away, .
And the l'l|T»li, and the poor, u.iid,ll.ic old, and the _:-ming,
Will be umlistiiiguiehcd clay.
And lips that laugh anal lips that mean
Shall in silence alike be sealed;
And some will lie under a. stately stoiic,
And sonic in the “ potter’s field.”

But the sun will be a-‘iiniiig just as bright,
And so will the fill‘. ' * iiior.-ii;
And jib’. ~.‘~.li ‘\ rf, ‘if ~ _' ‘ “ hire to-night,
And just such a crowd at noon:
And men will be wicked and women will sin,
As ever since Aii:iin’s fall,
\\’ith the saiiie old world to l::bor in,
And the same God over all.
’ " ' ' V " .'..£ .'.._I..’..L;.".‘..LTL _.L.' '' "' ."‘.‘1.'". T ' ff ,"'.‘..'

Trees.

A very l[13)1vl)l‘l.-iilll matter for our people to
consider is the pra-_—'Li‘vziti0n and planting 0
trees. (p to the prep-;c‘ut time we have done
ll('ll’.-lllllg but cut down and turn them. To-
». certain extent, this li::.-l been iiecessary,
but may not our zeal for clearing land have
cul'l‘ied us to.) far in an opposite direction‘?
Are there not many Cuilutiel-l now that have
not sinlicient tiri1bei- for actual needs, and
still the destruction coiitinues, even in the
older counties. '»'e often hear the remark,
“ I have timber eiiough to last me as long as
I shall live." Year by year the timber
lot grow:-A smaller, and no provision is made
for ii removal by encouraging the growth of
young trees, or the planting of a new
growth. Every your the source of supply
for lumber is receding farther and farther,
and it is not prophecy that foretells a timber
and lumber famine in the near future, but
it is capable of demonst.ral.lon.

The value of the timber destroyed is not
the only bad feature of this waste of the
best gift of nature. To strip any part of a
ciuiitry of trees is to change the climate
from a soft and moist one to a dry and harsh
one; to change the direction of stornie, or
to dissipate them altogether; to dry up the
streams, and to expose too large a part of
the earth's surface to the direct rays of the
sun; to encourage the fierce wind, and the
devastating toriiado; to engender long
periods of drou,gli't and incipient deluges.
Ibis declared that Tunis and Algiers were
once fertile regions, supporting a dense pop-
ulation. Their decsilence is largely traceable
to the destruction of their forests. The
political decay of bfpain is ascribed to the
same cause. It is stated on good authority
that there are parts of Asia Minor, of north-
ern Africa, and even of Alpine Europe,
where causes set in action by man, have
brought the face of the earth to a desolation
as complete as that of the moon, and yet
they are known to have once been covered
with luxuriant woods, verdant pastures, and
fertile meadows. The facts educed from these
historic regions may will excite our pro-
found alarm. Large tracts are now with-
drawn from human use, though they once
flowed with milk and honey. ’l‘liat the
cupidity of man, unrestrained by any feel-
ing of philanthropy. can thus effectually
blot: out a large proportion of God’s green
earth, is deplorable. The causes that pro-
duce an effect in one part of the globe will
be reproduced in any other, under like cir-
cumstances. The changes may be slow, yet
they are not so slow that many of us have

not noticed them. Certain changes in at-

 Ul‘lFi[\ll£‘l'l(3 coiiditioiis—porteiitioul-i "signs," 
l that were once the sure precursors of r:-.ln-— 1

storm king, mid the cloud, (IllC'0.‘ am lai‘gei“
tliana marfls ll£iI'l(l,!lI.’tl. sprrsaal rind iilcreiiseli,
and at last covered fl.‘-l.d~l with B. flood
of rain, now rises oniinoiilaly as of yore, but
before the 7.6.-iiitli is reached, begins to «_li.~i-
sipate and fades (‘llill'€ly ilway. \‘»'lio does
, not i'emeinbei- the olden spring-tiinc lirizzle,
the low-hung clouds tli:-.t drifted over and
among the [i‘l‘&~t0pS, the stczimiiig of the
E earth that seemed to meet and mingle with
the upper inists, an-.l lllf’ constaiit drip,
drip of the rain"! ()iii' f(}I‘43.~it.*i were then the
 iiurslng inothcr.-I of the clouds, and parent
gof the .~lti‘canis, but. botii are 0l‘pllulJ€l.l by
j the i-eleiitlcss axe of the woodman, and the
i clouds seem to fly the earth, and the streams
; are shrunken. or entirely dried away.

There are other causes, not so readily
‘iinderstood. which produce 8t0i‘lIl‘!. They
have their birth sometimes in remote
quarters of the globe, and drift along in the
upper air, independent of earth influences.
These descend in rain, or wind, oiftornadoes.
They are eccentric. There may be long
pauses between, or they may follow in quick
, successioii. 'l‘hey are not harnessed to the
jeartli, to be guided by those gentle influ-
‘ences, born of inisls and dew, and green
leaves. and sliade, nor led along the subtile
-surreiits of cartli, to sprinkle the parched
places. Tllf."_V are r.-zipricious and chaiigeful,
and no uioiiilii'::iti<.~ii:-' of the eai'tli's surface
will ever iinpede their progress. Buttliere
are lra!‘lll~l)!>l'il l-liowers, which the agency
of man liar; (’l\€Cl{4.'Ll, and which it is safe to
say the agt-ncy of mini can again reproduce.
Not suliicil-mt lime "was yet elapsed since the
planting of Irv _“ "‘ ~ e:‘<.l£:‘l‘D plains and
-prairies be‘,jai’i',‘"z‘r'>"“',, evfif 1.-oficl‘-....r.ively their
effect on the liiiuiidity of the atmosphere.
Yet rains have be».-ii more iiifermitieiit. and
the amount, as i'i>.gi:~'l:cred by the rain-gaiige,

\'€"~‘i.I1lelll in the growth of a forest. Dr.

five y-.-urs standing, sold from $700 to $2.000
per acre, from lurid that originally wiis
worth only $2 to 5-1 per acre. it lin.-' l)L‘tll

thirteen per cent. per uiinuin. and gives a
net profit zit
2552.7-3.

Soc. (lurlield, of the State lloi‘llcultural
Society, line liiti'oiliiccv.l a bill providing for
the protection of trees along the lilgliway,
and has also introduced a resolution request-
ing ilie Governor to appoint an “Arbor
Day,” for the setting of trees. ’l‘lia-so are
priictical iiieasures ‘iii the llli€’l"c.-4i. of‘ the
Slate, and we hope to see them both becoine
operative.

And now, what. .-xliall we plaiit,aiid where
shall we plant? For light, sandy land the
European larch is probably the best. It
 a steady, vigorous growth, and is val-
vable in all stages of its growth. For strong
land, while ash, black walnut, hickory and
white-wood are excellent. Hard maple has
been much ii.-led for planting along high-
ways. Borers are beginning to destroy them
and if this post. should increase, we must
have recourse to varieties whose pungent
bark is obnoxious to them, and which are
fully as beautiful and the timber more valu-
able. '

Plant wiiidbreaks of evcrgrcciis along per-
manent lanes and on section lines. in lows,
wliere timber belts have been planted and
are growing, a perceptible diminution in
the force of the wind is experienced and a
difference of five degrees in the range of the
thcrmoinelew. Don't lmgriidge staiidiiig
room for trees any where. Plant them not
for the pr-2;-zc-nt only, but for the future.
Wlziie you enjoy lt"v> m.- ~t your own monu-

grcater, and fllf‘l’llPl':l an-. 8-tiiiiulatiril to more
cxteiisive plantiiiggs by tlmt faith that works

science.

these dcdilctlonri ‘.ll'0_f l):l.‘%<"Ll, are too lciigili)
for even an +'xi.r:ic’. in this uilicll-. Sill?!-.
it to say the Aciialnniy of Natural I~."~i~~-.i-,~.:
has adriptcd the tliscry of foiw;-.-a.*. lllll"Il_'lll._'t’
over l‘alllf8.llH, and (_‘.oznmi:ssion-;-r i.t'.UU(.‘
has requcsleli C0l]2i‘F::s'l~i to direct iiini to
plant mi eXp€d‘lE‘.lf_*lll.::.l forest on tlz ~ I‘/irtouu
de Prairies, :1 mngc of liigli i‘l\Ud‘-. N2 the
treeless region of s<=lit..li-cziastcrii l):ikr.-;;i.

inter:-.-~1 of l~'(‘iHli‘v<_.‘, and Lo vvcry f£'(.*€l'.*0lll€I‘,
not having the iulisiiiaiiic potency of pol-
itics attached to it mu.-zt uni.loubtedl_v await
the more iinportaiil; legisllitloii of per-
sonal interest and aggrziiidlzcincnt.

The amount of rainfall iieces,-::iry for suc-
cessful agricultural operations is about 30
iiitzlies. \Vlien it falls below :26 inches, inaiiy
of the crops which asoil will siiccessfully
produce with tile’. amount will be niatei'iall_v
t~2llOI‘t(~’ll('(.l, or entirely fail. The average
amount ofixiinfsll in Michigan for the past
ten years, beginning with 1870, is 30.85 incli-
es. In 187!) it was as low as 26.82 inches. In
the tree-less rcgioiis of Mont:-irizi und Dakota,
it is never liighei' Lliiiu 20 inches, and often
as low as 12 ll'i(,'llt‘>i. in i\'ebraska and Kan-
i-as it raeldoin reaches BU inches. At the en-
tranccto the strait ofFuca, in \Vas‘iilngtoii
Tei'ritoi'_v, the mean annual rainfall is 123.3-3
inches, which is greater than that of any
recorded place on the Ainericau continent,
except at Vera Cruz in Mexico, where 183.20
liiclicsisrecorderl. The timber and forests
of the f<ii'i.ner region are thus described in a
report to the VVar .l)epai'tnient from the
western territories: “The size and number
of the trees growing upon given acres is
almost incredible. Trees pfteu measure 320
feet in length. Fifty, sixty, and sometimes
as high as eighty good timber trees grow on
an acre of ground. Over hundreds and hun-
dreds of square miles of area, does this un-
equalled timber exist, astonishing for its size
and durability.”
That there is a. close connection of rain-
fall with forest growth, we have attempted
to show from the few among the many in-
stances which might be cited. VVhe-never
the limit of spoliation of timber is reached,
then should the beginning be made with
the new plantations. _It only needs the
impetus of a good example to set the good
work in motion. To plant a forest which it
will take fifty or sixty years to mature,
seems like throwing away a life, but it is
demonstrable that so good an investment

by sight, and the deductive aeisiiruiil,-es of,

The a2’g1aiiiel‘.!..<i and l'..i.-l-i upon wliiclr

Tliis ineasure, however ll(.‘l:£‘£<ils'lIl')' iii the‘

Ill‘-Ellt.

Concerning Wool.

W -..l:'}‘ Brown & Co.’s monthly wool cir-

.n.r IL-1‘ JallU€\i‘y, is received. It gives u
‘Ul‘ilpiL“.8 history ofthc wool ll.|:1l'l\t'l for the
i year ju:=.t}J!1St,iiilL.l show.-.i the (:zll.l.~'0 of the
, varlzitioii in pill:-es. it says: “Jauiiary
lopezicd with fl. V'vIi'y:lli'ullg market for all
classes of wool, and a feeling that the ini-
pctiis gl\'(‘i.l in trade by the speculative move-
ments during the previous autuniii, arising
from the pl'(‘l.~'p(,‘l'()ll:-l condition of wool inau-
l iinictuilixg, had not yet reaclied its climax.

.
l
l
.
l

1 Driving the ‘pl’-..*Vlm.l.‘l season when the pros-
pccts ofil.-red but little eucouriigeiiient. the
iinportatlons of‘ foreign wools were very
light, and the active demand very niaterially
reduced the supply of the home grown staple.
All bi-unclies of industry were on the tidal
wave of prosperity, and many were of the
opinion that the price of wool would go much
higher before any retrograde movement was
to be feared. Acting on this theory, specu-
lators bought with as much avidity as legit.-
lmute coiisuincrs. * * * * Willi values
increasing almost every week, with goods
sold ahead, and aprospercus condition ofthe
country, it was not strange that many should
be carried l;»eyond the bounds of discretion.
This was shown by the eagerness with which
speculators souglit to contract for the new
clip of wool some months before shearing
time, at figures above the rates then current
in the dislmlbutiiig niarkets.

As the spring advanced, it became evident
that most branches of business had been
puslied too fast. Iron was among the first
to feel the eifei;-l: of undue inflation, and was
closely followed by other corumoditles, in-
cluding wool,

The highest point. Wm reached early in
April, up to which time there had been no
cassatiou in the active demand, and man u-
facturers finding two buyers for every yard
of cloth they were producing, were liberal
purchasers of like raw material. About the
tenth of the mouth, however, new orders
ceased, and buyers at once withdrew from
the Wool markets, refusing to increase their
stocks except as they needed some particular
grade to finish uncompleted contracts. * *
* “‘ VVlth the month of October, however,
when the probable result of the election be-
came more apparent, a bitter feeling was
established, and an active trade was the re-
sult, during the closing months of the year,
accompanied by a gradual improvement of
ten per cent. values. -

Most dealers are holding desirable lots
with firmness, on the ground that, as prices

for one’s family cannot be made as an in-

in in the interior are above present market

_ll'01l1‘ Si'i:scilii>rio:z
{will Expire with No.

I Tulrw‘. and Pxpevlliig it good (lPl1):llid during

I
I
i
l
I

calculated by competuiit iuilliority that ill
plantation of ten ncrcl-l oi’ l-European larch to I quoted ii: .17: i~,,_-_
slaiid fifty _\'£:l1l‘?-l, will produce a profit of! at -if-l(.Vi;';1¢_

lll(‘.‘1'llLl of that Liiiie of $-30,- ! _'$teu1,,.n,-1;

, Janice Brown, of Scotlaiiil, is quoted as say-  the next ll-‘W months, with no -_:r:‘at surplus
seem now to have lost their pmvci' over the ~ log that lie llii.“-l ~.4+.-vii crops of lurcli of sixty-

of wool during‘ the reniulndcr of the season,
they can res-u_iiiiil>l_v look for .-mine further
lHl];'l'(1Vt‘lll(‘lll from the })l‘0.~‘('ll'. basis of quo-
L-.itiuiis."

On Jan. lvlili. .\‘-.l_l ;\llvliii:uii wool Was
with conibing and de-lain

'l‘lic ll'()L!.’4(.:'/’u£t‘-...s" Bu/i’eti'n. liubllsli-en‘ at
le, Ohio, in its is:-uc of Jan. 6th,

v '='3.Y53 “ For the past ten da_vs u 9 have had

41-'30 oil's-red, and in ,-some .-in-lions vi ool went
oil’ freely at lllfll. price-, yet there still re-
inaiiis inzuiy clips that only  will move.
it now looks as if about all that could be
bought liiui l.a+:i:n bought up, and we were
ready to bid good evening to -13:2, and Wei.
come illlc after the lioll<la_v-.1."

The reason oftlie ilifli-reiice of 3 to -1 cents
per pound, in the price of Michigan and
Ohio wool, sliould be .-iouglit out and reme-
died lf possible by Michigan farmers.

Attlie meeting of the “Michigan Sheep-
Breceers and lVool-Growers," held at Lan-
sing, lust Deceiiiber, Mr. Doughty reported
having held corre.~.xpnn(lcncc with wool man-
ufacturers in relation to this, and said that
Michigan wool was as good as Ohio, but the
latter had the adviuilage in being put up
clean and freer from tags.

Till‘-‘,VV£‘ apprehend, is not the only reason,
Our farmers are as ciireful as Ohio farmers in

‘liandling wool. The l‘l.'l.l‘?0ll is probably in
' “J9 gfeuler uniformity of fleece iii the clip,

requiring lc .-is assorliiig. Maliy of our farm-
ers, L‘.*lpt*.¢.'lu.lly in the newer counties, have
purchased Sll€L‘p wlien-vcr they could find
them, and from difl'erent flocks, and have
not paid that attention to breeding flint in-
sures the best .Sl.1lIO63.‘~S in wool-growing,
There 22- ii us « wi-..’.cr range of prlo.-es, uni}
the general iivv;-rsige of values is correspond-
ingly less.

This article was not originally intended as
a homily on W(l0lvgI'I}\\‘llIg, but as a resume
of the iiiarket.-i for wool».-, iiiul intended as an
index tojudgenf future prices, But it must
be rcmeinbered that wool at the east is sold
for what it is really worth, and if we expect.
to get the liigliest Illf4,l‘l(1*l. price, we mu-3:
liuve our wool in the very bust mmjimm and
of the lre.-at quality.

Letter from -5 Old Poulll-y.”

We lmve I't‘(‘A_‘l\’v.‘Il H. 4.'u[1_xu}uuicau'Uu from
“ Old Poultry,” giving seine practical 1,151,,
about the lIlzil'l2l§§¢:lJ'l(‘lJ{ of poutlry in “.mte,..
A little observiilloii will determine what
liens are lay-en's, and which are not, and he
advises to dlSi)U,"3(.‘ of all such barren liens.
Many fiirim.-1'3 take extra care of horses,
sheep, and cattle, giving a variety 0; food
to tliem, but throw a little corn toithe liens
occasionally, and (lien expect profitable re-
turns in eggs.

He advises to boil scraps of meat until

tender, and mix with corn meal, adding
cayenne pepper and sulphur to the mixture,
and give warm. Feed corn at night before
the fowls go to l'om~‘i. Crushed or burn:
bone, lime, a;-alies and gravel are essent,ja,|_
One good way to utilize frozen apples is go
boil and feed to the liens. Hens will not 13,,
unless kept warm. The hen house must big
battencd and the rocstiiig place small, so
that it shall not be below the freezing point.
It would be well to partition oifthe roosting
place, leaving the main part or the house for
rauge, feeding, iind laying. Dou’t forget
light, for hens want to see what they are
about. Two winters and three summers are
enough to keep fowls for prom, Vvhere
many {owls are kept, the younger should be
kept separate from the older. They natur-
ally divide themse-lvestlius when left to their
own sweet will; besidrs, small flocks are
desirable.
“Old Poultry” has had some experience
with theincubator. which he promises to
give the readers of the VISITOR in some fu-
ture number.

Lec!.urer's Appointments.

As announced before, Feb. 5th we shall
visit Lapeer,‘Lapeer County. We expect to
have Bio. Chas. E. Mickley to assist us in
the work. The second week we shall spend
mainly in Tusc.-ola County, while the coun-
ties of Sanllac, Huron, Genessee and Ma-
comb will Le visited if We can make the
n ecessmy ariangenients in time. Dormant
andfiweak (images should at once correspond
with me. C. L. VVH]‘]1\'EY,

State Lecturer.

      
    
   
   

  
     
  
  
   

 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
   
  
 
 
   
  
  
  
 

     


.—_—_.x§  .

_ . 

i
is
i

l......

I.

 

2

Mr tlimiiigr éftiiaiim.

BOIHOOLC RAFT, FEBRUARY lsr, 1881.

The Railroads and the People.
In approaching the problem of the rela-
tions of the railroads of this country to the
people, it must, first ofall, be borne in mind
that transportation on sea. and land has de-
veloped uiider radically difi'erent principles.
'I‘he ocean being free to all and open to any
individual who chooses to place his ship
thereon, a vessel could go wherever its own-
er_chose to send it; the laws of competition,
and of supply and demand, which have here-
tofore been found potent to protect the pub-
lic interest, applied here, as in other branch-
es of trade, and answered their purposes
fully. So universal was the operation ofthis
law that it has been relied upon to govern

the relations of railroads to the public, and }

only upon the larger development of the new
means of transportation has it become evi-
dent to all—what had been foreseen by a few

——that the conditions of the two kinds of,

commerce are essentially different: that a ‘

railroad is a natural monopoly, and must be _-‘

treated as such.

In 1257-1, the Senate of the United States, in
response to a general demand,appointed a spe-
cial committee on transportation, composed
of Senators \Villiam W'indom, ofMinnesota;
John Sherman, of Ohio; Roscoe Conkliiig,
0f'New York ; 11. (fr. Davis, of \Vest Virgin-

in; T. M. Norwood, of Georgia ; J. VV. Jolin- -

son, of Virginia; John H. Mitchell, of Ore-
gon ; and S. B. Conover, of Florida. The
committee occupied the entire summer of
1874 in making an exhaustive examination
of’ the subject, and in their report we find
the following:

“In the matter of taxation there are to-day
four men representing the four great trunk
lines between Chicago and New York, who
possess, and who not infrequently exercise,
powers which the Congress of the lfnited
States would not venture to exert. They
may at any time, and for any reason satisfac-
tory to themselves, by a single stroke of the
pen, reduce the value of property in this
country by hundreds of millons of dollars.
An additional charge of five cents per bush-
el on the transportation of cereals would
have been equivalent toa tax of forty-five
millions of dollars on the crop of 1873. No
Congress would dare to exercise so vast a
power except. upon a necessity of the most
imperative nature ; and yet these gentle-
men exercise it whenever it suits their su-
preme will and pleasure, without explana-
tion or apology. \Vith the rapid and inev-
itable progress of combination and consoli-
dation, these colossal organizations are daily
becomingsirongerand more imperious. The

' day is not distant, if it has not already ar-
rived, when it will be the duty of the states-
man to inquire whether there is less danger
in leaving the property and industrial iiiter-
ests of the people thus wholly at the mercy
ofa few men, who recognize no respoiisibil-
ity but to their stockholders, and no princi-
ple of action but personal and corporate ag-
grandizement, than in adding somewhat to
the power and patronage of a government
directly responsible to the people and en-
tirely under their c0nti'ol.”-——Report of the
United Slates Senate Committee on Trans-
portation Routes, page 156.

In the State of New York, dissatisfaction
regarding railroad management has existed
for a long time ; a statement of the griev-
ances suffered by the producing and other
interests has from time to time been laid be-
fore the Legislature, and investigation of the
same asked ; but so many members were
controlled by the railroads that for several
years even an investigation of grievances——a
thing which ought to be the common right
of every citizen——was denied. Public senti-
ment regarding this question has been con-
stantly growing stronger, and last year the
Assembly appointed an able committee of
nine members,—Hon. A. B. Hepburn, chair-
man,—which occupied nearly nine months
in an investigation of the subject. It found
the principal charges “ fully proven,” and
its comment upon the state of things then
developed was as follows :

“The mistake was in not providing prop-
er safeguards to protect the public interest,
and hold the railroads to a strict accounta-
bility for their transactions. Thus, through
the laxity of our laws and the want of gov-
ernmental control (measurably excusable,
considering the unforeseen possibilities of
railroad development at the time of the en-
actment of those laws, but no longer pardon-
able in the light of the evidence herewith
submitted), have crept in those abuses here-
after mentioned, so glaring in their propor-
tions as to savor of fiction rather than actual
history.” (Report, page 7.)

Yet this investigation did not touch upon
one of the most serious phases of this ques-
tion : the political corruption directly result-
ing from the departure from correct princi-
ples in railroad management. In order to
arrive at a proper understanding of this
question, it is necessary to review briefly
these principles and sketch the progress of
this greatest invention of the age.

It is generally admitted that railroads, be-
ing public highways and common carriers,
should treat all shippers with equality under
like circumstances, and with relative equal-
ity where circumstances differ. The function
of the railroad being essentially public in
nature, and the vote of the small shipper
having had as much to do with conferring
the franchises under which railroads are con-

structed and operated as that of the large
shipper, the right of the citizen on the high-
way here comes in to limit the operation of
the law of wholesale and retail, which gov-
eri-is in private transactions. When the
capital actually invested in railroads has
been fairly compensated, the rest of the ad-
vantages accruing from the discovery and ap-
plication of steam to the purposes of trans-
portation should be enjoyed by the public.
Within the memory of comparatively
young men, ordinary dirt roads were the
only means of communication, except that
furnished by our water-ways. These were
owned and kept in order by the public. The
demand for improved roads resulted in turn-
pike companies, which were chartered by the
State and allowed to charge tolls to re-imburse
the capital invested in these improved roads.
Their charges, however, were required to be
ublicly posted, and to be the same to all.
ext, the railroad was _invented ; associa-
tions of individuals solicited privileges from
the State to construct railroads on the same
principle which had governed the construc-

x

1:-‘E @533-

tion of‘ improved Qturnpike roads. The first
idea was to allow any citizen to put his own
vehicle on the new iron roads, but this was
found impracticable, and the corporations
owning the road became the sole carriers
over it. This was the first step toward a
monopoly around which has gathered many
evils. At that time, however, the danger
was not apparent; the principle of the com-

I
l
l

mon carrier treating all shippers alike was '
recognized, and it was not until the many .‘

short lines of railroad were consolidated into

was understood and exercised. The evils,

however, soon came, but the advantages of g

the new roads were so enormous, and so eager
were the people to secure them, that the
evils remained for a long time unnoticed.
Among the first of these was that of ficti-
tious cost; the railroad law of most of the
States was based upon the theory that the
capital invested in these stea-in roads was
entitled to a fair return—and the public
was entitled to all the rest of the advantages.

l
the alleged abuses which were afterward;
proven to exist. The Hepburn Committee 9‘
accompanied their report with a series of-
seven ills designed to remedy, in the State {
of New York. the existing abuses.
fourof minor importance were not opposed 
by the railroads, and were allowed to become ,=
laws, but the session of the Legislature de- ]
veloped the f‘.-ict that no bill to which the;
railroads objected could pass ; a majority of
the Senate had been elected in their interest, i

_ 3 and bills, in themselves just and conserva-
great systems that the power of monopoly .

It was something like the principle of our ,

paterit-law, which insures to the public the

benefit Of an inveutious 3'39!" “WY 1193'“ -3 tween this overgrown power, with its vast

yielded certain returns to the inventor. In
one sense, it was a partnersliip——tlic State,
which is the natural owner of all highways,
contributing the franchises, while the asso-
ciations of individuals in a corporate capac-
ity constructed the roads. In the State of
New York, it was stipulated that after their
charges of transportation yielded more than
ten per cent net upon the capital actually
contributed for the coiisiruction of these

five, were defeated.

This tendency on the part of Ctlllriolliluletl ‘
corporate interests to perpetuate, through
the acquireuient of political power, abuses '
which they have f'ouiid it to theirinterest to
perpetrate, is one of the most serious of the 1
evils which threaten the public welfare.
[fnited States Senator David 1)-avis, in ii
recent letter, says:

“The rapid growth of corporate power and l
the nialigii influence wliicli it exerts by ,
combination on the Natioiialuiid State Leg- ,'
islatures, is :i well-grounded cause of alarm.
A struggle is pending in the near future be-

, ramilicatioiis all over the lfnion, and a‘h:ird

i
i

l

roads, then the Legislature might reduce?

the charge for transportation to a point
which would not yield more than this; or,

4

thus cornpeiisated, the public should come ,

in f'or its share of the profits of the partner-
ship, in the shape of rediiceil charges for
transportation. Thus it was made a pri-
mary principle that cliarge.-' should be based
upon cost of scrvicr/.

How this principle has bu.-ii evaded by
stock-watering, by (:(Jll.~ill‘llr,'llt)L‘ companies,
and other devices, is well known, but until
recently it was not so well known that rail-
road manageis had forniulated a new prin-
ciple upon which to base charges, viz. :
“ what the trqgjic will bear," and that in the
applitzitiori of this principle some of the
most important evils in our transportation
system have developed.

The following from the G2‘!/12/Z/.'(r illustrates
the working of the new principle on the
l’acif‘ic coast :

“ Instead of having rairs for freight, they
want to make special contracts, according to
a man’s profits. For instance, a man in
Arizona has a mine and gets a quantity of
ore, but has no facilities for fiuxing and
smelting it, and must send it to San Fran-

cisco. He says to the railroad :

“‘l want to send my ore up to San
Francisco. \Vhat will you charge me a
ton 1”

" How much does it assziy 2’ ’’

“ ‘ That is none of your biisine.-is.‘

“ ‘ Yes, it is. \Ve want to know how
much it assays, in order to know what to
charge you.’

“ ‘Thirty dollars a ton.‘

“ ‘ \Vell, we will charge you ten dollars: :1
ton, and that will-‘leave you twenty dollars.’

“Another man has a mine, and he puts
the question :

“ ‘ \Vliat. will you take my ore to Sari
Francisco for ‘E ’

“ ‘ How much does it assay 1”’

“ ‘That is none of your business.’

“ He; too, must tell, and he says:

“ ‘ \Vell, it yields three hundred dollars a
ton.’

“ ‘Then we will cliarge y on one hundred
dollars a ton to take the ore to San Francisco.
That leaves you two-thirds.’

“The man has no alternative, and pays
the money to sell his ore, but he becomes a
discouraged miner. Thus the railroad corn-
pany is forcing the question as to what are
the restrictions on a common carrier, and
whether the mere carrier can be despotic
with the people, arbitrary in its rates, and
virtually an owner in every interest on the
line.”

Again, on page 69 of the llepburn Coin-
mittce’s report, we find :

“ Now, as to the necessity for some regu-
lation to protect the public, see testimony of
Mr. Rutter, pages 453 4, where he testifies
that he serves the stockholders only, and
only regards the public interest to make it
tributary to the interests of the stockholders.

“ Mr. Vilas [testimony, page 415], testifies
to the same controlling motives. Mr.
Blanchard, after describing a railway officer
as subject to three practical tribunals,—lirst,
the president of the road ; second, the law as
laid down affecting transportation ; and
third, the unwritten law of‘ commerce,—
says: ‘ It has been our policy in this mat-
ter, while keeping within the statute law as
far as I knew it, or had occasion to know it,
that wherever this public unwritten law
came into contact with the interests of the
shareholders, I believed it to be my consci-
entious duty to decide in favor of the share-
holder; I knew of no claim that the non-
shareholding interests had upon me as a
railroad oflicer so long as I was within the
written law, to concede its views in the
matter of rates, and in the management of
our traflic.’ The marked importance which
is here attached to keeping within the law,
emphasizes the necessity for a law for gov-
ernmenfal control.”

“\Vhat the trafiic will bear” is, to some
extent, a legitimate consideration in fixing
charges, but, left to the uncontrolled discre-
tion of railroad managers, the public inter-
est is not sufficiently considered, and out of
the power to makespecial rates, which rail-
road companies have conferred upon their
freight agents, favoritism, both. as between
individuals and communities, has resulted.
This has prevailed, and still exists in a great-
er or less degree, throughout the United
States. To what extent in the State of New
York is indicated by the report of the Hep-
burn Committee; the report says (page -18) :
“ The charge that the railroads of this
State discriminate against the citizens of
this State, and in favor of Western and for-
eign producers, is fully proven by the evi-
dence taken. The charge that they discrim-
inate against certain localities in the State,
as compared with others, is fully proven.
The charge that they discriminatein favor
of certain individuals, as compared with
others in the same locality, is fully proven.”

It is,a remarkable fact that not only did
the railroads oppose this investigation, but
the residents of the New York Central
and rie roads, in a joint letter to the com-
mittee previous to the investigation, gener-

ally and specifically denied the existence of

grip on much of the political rnacliinery, on
the one hand, and the people in an unorgan-

' ized condition on the other, for control of

the goveriiment. It will be watched by
every patriot with intense anxiety.”

It is an open secret that the railroads fur- l
nisli a large share of the money required to
operate the machinery of our elections, and
in all districts where political parties are
closely matched, their money, on the side of
the candidate who will promise to favor

in other words, that after capital has been  their iuterersts’ gelwmny c3”‘()'5 the day’

They know no party, and consult no inter-
ests but their own, and, as a matter of course,
the veiial and less worthy (-lenient in our
political life, under such at system as this,
usually triuinphs, and men who are too
honest, or too iiidependoiit to bow to corpor-
ate will are so weighted in the race for polit-
ical pi'ei'ermcut that they seldom come to
the front. Mr. Jay Gould, in his evidence
before the New York Legisliitive coni-
mittee of IHTIJ, which iiivestlgaied the af-
fairs of the lirie railroad, openly testified
as follows:

“I do not know how much I paid toward
helping friendly men. ‘We had four States
to look after, and we had to suit our politics
to circumstances. in ii Democratic district
1 was a Democrat ; in it Republican district
I was a Republican, and in a doubtful dis-
trict l was doubtful; but in every district
and at all times, I hzivc always been an Erie
man."

The state oftliings uiieartlied by this in-
vestigation was ofliciully described in the
report of the l.egisl;ii.ive coiriniittee, as fol-
lows:

“ It is furtlier in the evidence that it has
been the custom of tlicinziiiagers of the liric
Railway, from year to year in the past, to
spend large sums to control elections and to
influence legislation. In the year 1568 more
than one million i'_&il,l)00,('l00,i was disbursed
front the Tretisury for ‘extra and legal ser-
vices.’ For interestiiig item.-5 see Mr. \Vat-
soii’s testimony, pagesiiilti and 5137.

“Mr. Gould, wliag ‘ewaii the stand, and
examinetbin rel-sin um-...r vai'ious vouchers
shown him, adinitted the payment during
the three years prior to 187'.’ of large sums to
Barber, Tweed, and others, and to influence
legislation or elections; these amounts were
charged in the ‘Iiidia-i'ubber account.’ The
memory of this witness was very defective
as to details, and he could only remember
large transactions; but could distinctly recall
that he had been in the habit of sending
money into the numerous districts all over
the State, either to control nominations or
elections for Senators and members of
Assembly. Considered that, as a rule, such
investments paid better than to wait till the
men got to Albany, and added the signifi-
cant remark, when asked a question, that it
would be as impossible to specify the numer-
ous instances as it would to recall to mind
the numerous freight cars sent over the Erie
road from (lay to day.” (See testimony,
page -556.)

The report of the Legislative committee
concludes with the following remarkable
words:

“It is not reasonable to suppose that the
Erie Railway has been alone in the corrupt
use of money f'or the purposes named ; but
the sudden revolution in the direction of this
company has laid bare a chapter in the secret
history of railroad management such as has
not been permitted before. It exposes the
reckless and prodigal use of money, wrung
from the people to purchase the election of
the peopie’s representatives, and to bribe
them when in office. According to Mr.
Gould, his operations extended into four
difl'erent States. It was his custom to cori-
tribute money to influence both nominations
and elections.”

A recent editorial in the New York Even-
ing Post, entitled “Wealth in Connecticut
Politics," discusses this subject as follows:

“'13 *3‘  \\'ith slow but steady progress
the principle has come to be recognized, es-
pecially in the Congressional districts and
by the Democratic party, that -.i man who
wants an important nomination must get it
by the promise or implication ofa liberal
contribution after the nomination is secured.
The result is the free use of money at Con-
necticut elections and a corresponding de-
bauchment of the political morals of the
State.

“A good illustration of this evilappears in
the Fourth Congressional district. made up
of Fairfield and Litchtield counties. This
is the district represented in Congress for
several years by William H. Barnum, after-
ward United States Senator, and now the
chairman of the Democratic National Com-
mittee. Probably no man ever succeeded so
well as did he in organizing corruption. In
each town was his band of workers, charged
with the dispensation of funds on election
day. He knew his men and his men knew
him, and after each election, when it was
found that ‘Bill’ Barnum had run ahead of
his ticket all over his district, men under-
stood the reason why. Presently the Repub-
licans caught up the trick and practiced it
in the Congressional election of two years
ago, when a comparatively obscure candi-
date for Congress ran ahead of Governor
Andrews in the Governor’s own town,
where his well-deserved popularity was un-
questioned. In every small town of the
district it has now come to be the fact that
a venal band of from twenty to fifty elect-
ors offer their votes to the highest bidder.
A secondary result has been that no man
of moderate means can afford to run for

Congress or even for a State Senatorship.

(lfthese, «. 

‘fr  {E -,+ 5.1- ‘K’ 4"

“All this, which every intelligent voteriii
Connecticut knglws to be a fact, is a most
disreputable and_k'éandalous state of affairs.
" *  As itis _ * the fact ofgeneral and
comprehensive bi‘ ml‘-' at important elec-
tions is notorious, ll knowledge along’vnia
011 the g°0d 113019 Ofher words, fails to d-“'
moiiwealfh that the ci......,,,,_ no ,. ,- y
a moral cowardice in cornmiiiiitiésr-5‘-diicli
prevents alike the prosecution of the briber
and the bribed. A little wholesome law
and some independent voting will go far
toward remedying an evil that every good
citizen in the Slate sees, feels, and under-
stand.-‘. yet too often hesitates to rebuke."
-——_\'r.uv )'or/.' 1-.'rcn.i/rg Post. _-lugzrst lllth,
law.

.\lr. llarnuni is {I type of ti ruling class in
both political parties, half statesmen, half
railrozui men, who inix railroads and politics
for their own ll'l\'all[ZIf.:€. They differ mate-
rially, liowcver, from the John Adams type
ofstatesiiiari, who, when elected to Congres.-5,
immediately sold his stock in the United
States Bank, on the ground that no repre-
sentative should have a pecuniary interest.
in any matter likely to come before him in
his Legislative capacity. The railroad
statesinan is found in both parties and in
every Legislative assembly; while perhaps
not numerically in the ascendant, through
packing the principal committees, and “re-
taining” members of the legal profession
who happen at the time to be Legislators,
their ends are usually obtained. This feat-
ure is alluded to in one of the speeches of
Senator Beck, of Kentucky, as follows:

“It is impossible to have an honest Leg-
islature, State or federal, so long as represen-
tatives are sent who owe their election to, or
are personally interested in, great moneyed
corporations or monopolies. No matter
whether they call theniselvts Democrats or
Republicans, they are not the representa-
tives of the people; they are simply the
agents and attorneys of those who seek, by
taxing the inasscs, to enrich tlieniselves
whenever they owe their election to ino-
nopolists, or are themselves interested in
class legislation.”

That the great corporate interests of the
country do not stop at electing their own
men to shapelcgislation, is shown by a re-
centrevelation in Pennsylvania. The fol-
lowing “Associated 1’rc.~ss” dispatch tells
its own story :

“P11lLAl)l~2Ll‘HIA, March :L'~5tli, 1.5.$0.—.~\
consultation was held here to-night by it
number of‘ leading politicians regarding the
persons convicted of attempted bribery, lll
order to devise plans for their pardon. The
case is by no means given up by Kemble
and his fellow defendants. The bitterness
of the fight is sowing seeds of much future
trouble. Palmer and Stone, the two merri-
bcrs of the Board of Pardons, who are
holding out against an amnesty, are the
subject of severe comment, and have cut
themselves off from all future political pref-
erment as far as it is controlled by the dom-
inaiit politicians, It is generally believed
that, if pardons are not obtained, the sen-
tences will be very light. The cases are the
subject of general discussion in this city
to-night, and there is much conjecture as
to the general result. Many political lead-
ers, including Senator‘.)on Carlieron, are
here.”

In 1877, the great railroad riots took place,
and at Pittsburgh a large quantity of rail-
road and other property was destroyed. The
railroad companies refused to indemnify
shippers, but at the same time had bills
introduced in the Pennsylvania Legislature
to make the State responsible to them.
They employed lobbyists to buy these bills
through the Legislature, but theiroperations
were exposed, and William H. Kemble, E.
J. Petroff, and several others, were arrested,
tried, and, notwithstanding extraordinary
efforts were made to secure their acquittal,
were convicted. They immediately applied
for pardon, and were pardoned. It shows
what politics in the State of Pennsylvania
have come to, when it is publicly stated that
"Palmer and Stone, the two members of
the Board of Pardons, who are holding out
against an amnesty, are the subject of severe
comment, and have cut themselves off from
all political preferment. and a Senator of
the United States leaves his seat and returns
home to “arrange things.” Kemble had
been State Treasurer of Pennsylvania, and
Petroffwas at the time a member of the
Legislature?"

In a. lecture by James Partoii, Esq., we
find the following:

“Men who bribe and are bribed nowadays
talk about the matter without a blush. An
officer of the New Jersey Legislature told
me how the bribing was done, and how he
did it himself. The railroad man said to
him, ‘Come to my room at eight o’clock this
evening,’ and when the farmerdegislator
got there the railroad man said: ‘By the
way, Mr. Smith, you did not call upon us
to subscribe toward the expenses of your
election. I know it must have cost you a
great deal, and, better late than never, here
is something toward it,’aiid the railroad
man passes overa pile of money, much more
than the farmer's election expenses. ‘ 1
know,’ added the corruplioriist, by way of
casual remark, ‘ that you would not vote for
any bill that would not be good and honest,
but there is a bill of ours now before your
House that, you will take my word for it, is
for the best interests of the community ; ex-
amine it, and ifyou conscientiously think
so, too, of course you will vote for it.”

Most Americans will admit that such
practices are evil and should be abated, but
so conservative are Americans in all their
methods, so respectful of property rights, so
self-reliant and conscious of their own pow-
er to overcome evil when it becomes “worth
while” to put forth the effort, that they are
tolerant of abuses to an extent that seems
absurd to other nations. An illustration of
this may be had in the different results ac-
companying similar action by the Govern-
ments of the United States and Brazil. The
latter country a few years since, for the

*On the twenty—seventh day of J anuary, 1880. Mr.
Franklin B. Growen, President of the Philadelphia
and Reading Railroad, in an argument before the
Committee on Commerce of the House of Represen-
tatives of the United States. in VVa.shington, stated :
“I have heard the counsel of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company, standing in the Supreme Court of
Pemuylvania, threaten that Court with the displeas-
ure of his client: if it decided against them, and all
the blood in my body tingled with shame at the humil-
iating spectacle.

In the "Associated Press" reports this was sup-
pressed ; and only when the argument was published
by Mr. Gowen was this remarkable statement veri-
fied to those who heard it.

» l purpose of meeting extraordinary expendi-

Fl£Bl{['ARY lsr, 1881.

; tures, imposed a tax upon the street railways
,' of Rio de Janeiro, equivalent to about haifa
i cent for every passenger carried, _
. panics undertook to re-impose this upon the
, public by adding the exact amount of tax
I to the fare; the people rebelled. A riot en-
. sued, tracks were torn up, cars destroyed,

and the companies were compelled to recede
i from their attempt to make the public pay
,the tax. During our late war, a tax was
j imposed upon horse-car companies of halfa
§ cent for each passenger carried; the com-
3 panies paid the tax, added a whole cent to
= the fare, and the American public acquiesced

without a murmur. During the war, our
‘ Government, under the then existing tax-
« laws, collected from the New York Central

Railroad about half 8 million ofdollars. The
1- railroad company claimed this was unauth-
orized, raised certain legal points, brought
suit. to compel the Government to refund the
aiiioiint, employed Senator Conklirig as
counsel, and was successful. The bearing
of political influence upon this case was so
obvious that it was commented upon at the
time by several newspapers——among others,
the Utica ()[}o'i‘.'7'l7(‘7', as follows:
‘ "Now, when Mr. Conkling went down to
1 (.‘-anandaigua to try this railroad case, he
! carried with him a greater political influence.
than any man in our State wields. He ap-
peared before a Judge whom he had eleva-
ted to the bench only a few months before.
He con l'ronted a District-Attorney who could
not hold his office for :1 day if Mr. Conkling
should demand his removal. He secured a
verdict which thejury was forced to render
by the ruliiigs of the Judge. Under that
verdict the railroad recovers a round half
, million, which it might have lost but for its
f slirewdiie.-:s in employing the right man to
I prosecute its claim.”

'l‘he.\'ew York Tril.-uuc, iii an article at
the time, entitled “Legislator and Lawyer,‘
alluding to the case, said 2

“The appearaiice of Senator Conkling as
attorney in a recent railroad case, in behalf
of a railroad corporaiioii and against the
(iovt-i'nment, of which he is a sworn official,
suggests a question of political expediency,
and incidentally of morals, which miist.
sooner or later, be very fully and freely dis-
cussed before the people.    " Some-
where tliere must be a line which separates
tlie profession ofan advocate from the func-
tions of the legislator. \Vould it not be well
to have that lineauthorilatively defined 2”’

it is not strange that the best legal talent
of the country is perniaiiently retained by
corporate interests, nor that lawyers should
naturally gravitate towards politics. Rail-
roads can afford to conipensate professional
men better than private clients can, t'or the
reason that their own revenues under the
present system are practically unlimited, all
production and commerce ill the sections
through which they run being tributary to
them, and extraordinary expenditure for
counsel fees, election expeiises, or bribery
funds are simply re-imposed upon the public.

The extent to which this power to tax is
exercised is indicated by the following
straws: It is little more than fifteen years
since Huntington, Hopkins ck, (Jo. were
hardware merchants of limited means in
San Francisco. They built -the Central
Pacific Railroad, and deservedly made for-
tunes estimated at from three to five million.-
each. They found the railroad enabled them
to tax the production and commerce of the
entire Pacific coast. Twelve years have
rol ed around, and recent estimates, based
upon legal proceedings necessary in the estate
of Mrs. Hopkins, place the partnership
wealth of Mr. Leland Stanford, at $.‘i-l,F>-f3,-
308; that of Mr. Charles Crocker at $34,-
495,~l58; that of Mrs. Hopkins at $25,290,972,
while Mr. Huntington’s wealth is estimated
even higher than that of Messrs. Stanford
and Crocker,

It is about twenty years since the late Mr.
Vanderbilt was graduated from the steam-
ship business into railroad management; his
possessions at that time were valued at from
$6,000,000 to $ltJ,()00,0U0; at his death, some
three years since, they were estimated at
$30,000,000.

Mr. Jay Gould “obtained his start” in the
mauagernent of the Erie Railroad, in con-
nection with the late James Fisk; at the
time he gave his now famous testimony be-
f'ore quoted (in 1873), he was considered worth
f'rom $3,000,000 to 36,000,000; today no one
knows how much he is worth, but in Wall
street estimates are made ranging from $30,-
000,000 to $6U,U()0,000.

Railroad men who have accumulated,
within afew years, amounts ranging from
$l,U00,0()1)to .$-3,000,000 are too numerous to
mention, as are those, also, in branches of
trade depending upon and closely identified
with railroad transportation—sliippers, who
through the_‘favor of railroad managers, have
been enabled to outstrip or break down all
competition.

These are found in every branch of trade.
but in none, perhaps, are they so prominent
as in the petroleum business. lfa true his-
tory of the Standard Oil Company could be
written, it would read more like a,i'omance
of the Middle Ages than a statement of com-
mercial facts possible in the nineteenth cen-
tury. This is the organization to which the
Hepburn Committee alludes as “this myste-
terious organization, whose business and
transactions are of such a character that its
members decline giving a history or descrip-
tion of it, lest their testimony be used to con-
vict them ofa crime.”

The testimony in the Pennsylvania inves-
tigation showed that the trunk lines of rail-
roads paid in rebates to the Standard Oil
Company, within the period of eighteen
months, $10,151,218 (ten million, one hun-
dred and fifty-one thousand, two hundred
and eighteen dollars), which was contribu-
ted by the roads in the following propor-
tions: =-

Total shipmer1ts——October 17, 1877,
to March 31, 1679 . . . . . . . . . ..bbls.
Total rebates during that time at 55
cents (average) per barrel . . . . . . ..
Of which there was paid to Standard
Oil Co. by Baltimore & Olno R.R.
11 per cent., as per contract, Oct.
17, 1877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Paid by New York Central and
Hudson River Railroad, 21 per
cent., as per contract, October 17,
1877, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paid by Erie Railway. 21 per cent.,
as per contract, October 17, 1877,
Paid by Pennsylvania Railroad, 47
per cent., as per contract, October

18,556,273
310,151,218 00

1,216,633 98

2,131,756 78
2,l3l.765 78

 

17, l877,—l7§ monhts....- . . . . . . . . 4.7711072 46
Total rebates, October 17,1877. 90
March 31,1879, . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 310,151,213 00

In a report to the New York Chamber of
Commerce, the Committee on Railroad

The com-7


- v

 

FEBRUARY lsi‘. 1881.

Transportation of that body alludes to this
subject as follows:

“How oblivious of their obligations as
common carriers, and how regardless ofpub-
lic rights are the great trunk lines, is illus-
trated by their making an agreement with
the Standard Oil Company (Article 4) to
protect them ‘against loss or injury from
competition.’ _
case of the Standard Oil Company may hap-
pen iii other lines of business. With the
favor of the managers of the trunk lines, what
is to prevent commerce in the rest of the great
staples from being monopolized  a simwi/ar
-manner.? Already, indeed, it is taking this
course. One or two firms in Baltimore,
Philadelphia, New York and Boston, with
their branch houses in the \Vest, are by the
favor of the railroads, fast monopolizing the
export trade in wheat, corn, cattle, and pro-

isions, driving their competitors to the
wall with absolute certainty, breaking down
and crushing out the energy and enterprise
of the many for the beiieht of the favored
few.”

Railroad managers admit that such things
are wrong, that they are. opposed to public
policy and private morality. Ask a railroad
manager the remedy, and he will tell you
‘-a pool," with legislation to enable one
railroad company to enforce agreements
made with another company. He is certain
that any legislation or supervision in the in-

terest of the public would not only be inop- ‘

erative. but probably uncoiistitutional. and
certainly mischievous. I-Ie.will point to the
Granger,laws wliiclfiwere afterward repealed,
but he will forget to state that they were
purposely misconstrued by the railroads,
and instead of acquiescing iii and carrying
them out in good faith, railroad maiiagers
made them as troublesome as possible to the
public, in order that they might create a re-
action in public opinion, and, with the lib-
eral use of money in both elections and the
lobby, secure their repeal. He will forget to
tell you that. wherever this result has been
attained, it was accomplished only after the
railroads had conceded material reforms for
which the people had contended_. _ He will
not mention the fact that the decision of the
supreme Court ofthe United States, in the
so-called Granger cases, established. beyond
-iuestion the priiiciples for which the
Clrangers contended, and swept away the
web of sophistries which learned counsel
had been spinning upon the Dartmouth
College case. , _

The decision of the Supreme Court in the
Granger cases, rendered March 1, 137:, was
one of the most important declarations of
public rights since the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Regarding the power to regulate,
ChiefJustice \\"aite said:

“VVe find that when private property is
affected with a public interest it ceases to be
,j.W-mp,--,'w{-,' only. This was said by Lord
ChiefJustice Hale more than two hundred
y, ears ago in his treatise ‘De [’orti(/i.ts .-'lfari'.s-,’
and has been accepted without objection as
an essential e enieiit in the law of property
ever since. Property does become clothed
with a public interest when used in at man-
ner to make itof public consequence and
affect the community at large. When, tliei'_e-
fore, one devotes his property to a use in
which the public has ‘an interest, ‘he in
effect grants to the public an interest in that
use, and inust submit to be controlled by “J8
public for the common good to the extent of
the interest he has thus created. I-_Ie may
withdraw his grant by discontinuing the
use, but so long as he maintains the use he
must submit to the control."

A prominent railroad manager, while re-
cently arguing against governme_nta_l super-
vision and control of rates, and ill favor of
the pooling system now so much in vogue,
stated, in almost the same breath, that ‘.‘the
pooling system would remove the discriini-
nations and other evils of which the public
complained,” and that “competition would
insure reasonable rates”——seemingly forget-
gjng that pooling is expressly designed to
prevent competition. l,-ndoubtedly, the
pooling system does protect the public inter-
est against much of the personal discrimina-
tion which has existed in railroad maiiage-
ment, but as regards the more important
part of the question, \’\’hat is a reasonable
rate '3 it leaves the production and commerce
of the country—to use the words of the
United States Senate committee—“wholly at
the mercy of a few men who recognize no
responsibility but to their stockholders, and
no principle of action but personal and cor-
porate aggrandizement.” _ _

A recent report 01 the Sew Xork Board
of Trade and Transportation says :

“Honestly and equitably managed rail-
roads are the most beneficent discovery of
the century, but perverted by irresponsible
and uncontrolled corporate management,
in which stcck—watt-ring and kindred swin-
dies are tolerated, and favoritism in charges
is permitted, they become simply great
engines to accomplish unequal taxation,
and to arbitrarily redistribute the Wealth of
the country. \Vhen this state of _things_is
sought to be perpetuated byacquiring polit-
ical power and shaping legislation through
corrupt use of money, the situation grows
more serious.”

The railroad is the invention of the last
half century; the tremendous development
of corporatelife, attended by the abuses of
which the public complain, has'oc_curred
within this period, and largely within the
last twenty-five years. Continue for another
half century the present power of corpora-
tions to tax the public, and we will have a
moneyed aristocracy in this country such as
the world has never seen, and with it all the
attendant phenomena of venal legislators
and corruption in high places, which has
caused the downfall of all the great republics

< or .
0f’II‘!tli&etsie {are some of the questions which
are forcing themselves upon the attention
of thoughtful American citizens; individu-
alized, they may be stated :

Can Americans, whose forefathers abol-
ished the law of primogeniture and entail, to
avoid the evils of vast accumulations of
wealth in the hands of individuals, aflfbrd to
leave unregulated new agencies far more
potent to that end than any which were
at that time dreamed of?

When corporate life or trade combinatiors
develop into organizations like that of the
Standard Oil Company, controlling a staple
fourth in magnitude among our nation’s ex-
ports, and hundreds of legitimate traders are
driven out of existence, is it not time to in-

. quire what steps should be taken to protect

the interest of the producing, commercial,
and consuming classes,

When, to perpetuate power already ac-
quired by these organizations, corruption is
openly practiced in our elections, and the

\Vhat has happened in the.

’ bribery of legislators goes unpunished, is it
' not time that American citizens should con-
l sider where such practices lead, and insist
; that the State should resume the sovereignty
1 and control over its creatures which it has
l inadvertentlyand temporarily relinquished?
The only answer thus far made by the

l munisls” or “socialists.” So bare of facts
and so hard pushed for arguments favorable

shield their practices!

being:

“The growth ofa disregard of property in
this country is very marked, and railroad
corporations offers favorable forms of attack.

not stop at railroad corporations, but will
reach all kinds of associated capital, and
will not stop before it reaches all property.

This growing tendency to socialistic prin-

times, and, if not checked, will produce

country."

Some months after this, when the Legisla-
tive committee had pronounced the princi-

inc rce “fully proven,” the committieof that
body having the matter in charge alluded

ber, as follows:

of the Chamber of Commerce will carefully
compare these utterances of Messrs Vander-
bilt and Jewett with the findings of the
Legislative committee. The assertion that
the action of this Chamber tends to the en-
couragement of socialistic or conimunistic
principles, is on a parity with much of the
other reasoning of the presidents of the
great trunk lines. They seem to be entirely
oblivious of the fact that it is their disregard
of public rights, and not the efforts which
this Chamber has made to compel their ob-
servation, which is chieiiy responsible. for
the growth of coinmunistic sentiment in
this bftate. If railroads were not public
highways, upon which all shippers, as well
as passengers, are entitled to equal rights;
if the discovery of steam, and its application
to the purposes of transportation, with all
its attendant benefits, could be esteemed
alone. the private property of these gentle-
men, then the argument of Messrs. Vander-
bilt and Jewett might be considered valid,
and the efforts of your coinrnittee seditious,
socialistic, and worthy of condemnation.

“It is hardly necessary to say that your
committee have no sympathy with socialists
or conimuiiists who want something for
nothing; this class of persons might per-
haps lind fault with your committee for
being capitalists; but, on the other hand,
we cannot uphold a systein of operating
public highways which is honey-combed
with abuses, and which is (f0I1lI'Ollt'(J abso-
lutely by a few individuals who tax produc-
tion and commerce at will, and who practi-
cally dictate what reward the producer, man-
ufacturer, and merchant shall receive for
his labor.”

All classes of citizens are interested in
having remedies properly applied to these
evils, and espcciallyare those interested who
have property; for if ever communistic views
make headway in this country, it will be in
consequence of the toleration of class privi-
leges, and disregard of the spirit of our free
institutions. These are the bieakers ahead
which every true patriot will pray that our
ship of state may avoid.

The immediate remedy is:

The creation of an intelligent public opiii-
ion, through which reasonable limits may
be placed upon the growth and power of
corporate life.

It is time enough to take further steps
when this has been accomplished. At pres-
ent, the corporations are masters of the situ-
ation, but with an intelligent public opinion
thoroughly aroused, it is only :1 question of
time when it will compel a fair adjustment
of the relations between the people, and the
creatures the people have create(l.——Sc/-vflmer
for Deco)/zber.

‘- Five-Man ” Power.

After reading the lengthy article given on
another page, on “Railroads and the Peo-
ple,” from ;5'cr'1?bner for December, the fol-
lowing item clip-ped from the Detroit Post
and Tribzme, can be more easily apprecia-
ted :

“hlenator Beck, of Kentucky, says that
‘ five men—Scott, of the Pennsylvania Cen-
tral, Garrett, of the Baltimore and Ohio,
Huntington, of the Ifuion Pacific, Jay
Gould and Vanderbilt——can sit down and in
a. five minutes’ chat, fix a tax of $200,000,000
upon the commerce of this country, by rais-
ing freight two cents a. bushel, and do it
accordin g to law.’ ”

 

PROF. S\\’IZ\'G, Chicago’ greatdivine, says:
“A school which breeds an intellectual van-
ity, and makes all the boys and girls of a
town or city long to be poets, or historians,
or orators, or statesmen and millionaires, is
very narrow and false; 'but_bro'ad, and just,
and true is the public institution which so
sets forth the ethics of labor that all indus-
try, at the desk, or in the shop, or behind
the plow, will seem like the acceptance ofa
call from God and humanity.”

 

A .Vl['L’l‘I'I‘L'DE of Granges suffer, because
of inefficient oflicers——good, kind hearted,
pleasant men, perhaps, but with no down-
right, earnest purpose—and the members
continue them in oifice, though the Grange
lauguishes, and perhaps is near its final end.
Where there is one oflicer that suffers. from
overwork there are a dozen Granges dying
for more energetic, stirring ones.

 

A LITTLE girl in Belfast recently dropped
her doll, and broke its arm. The doll was a
favorite one, and the accident was to the
child a calamity of the severest nature.
The tears started. the little lips were trem-
bling with grief, when a bright thought
struck her. VVith a. beaming face she ex-
claimed, "Papa, I don't know as I care,
after all. Perhaps it will be put in the
paper.”

LET every farmer who has any kind of
grain to sell or ship, read carefully the
article on “Railroads and the People.”

The encouragement, by such a body as the ,
Chamber of Commerce, to such ideas will

i
i

I
l
I
!

apologists for these practices has been to de- '
nounce those who opposed them as ‘'com- ‘

to their case are they, that Messrs. \'ander- f
bilt and Jewett must fain adopt this policy, ‘
and conjure up the phantom of socialism to ,3
In their joint letter ‘
to the Hepburn Committee they suggest _
that the staid and conservative merchants ;
of the New York Chamber of Commerce are 3
fast tending in that direction—tlieir words '

ciples is one of the dangerous signs of the ‘

scenes of disaster that would now appall the ’

pal charges made by the Chamber of Com- ,

to this subject, in their report to the Chani- »

“Your coniinitfee beg that the members '

   Isms--_

i
i

tflumnnztnicatiuttsz.

GRANGE OF ’81 .

‘_l’ublish-rd by request of Grange No. 191.

G’1'ZlllL‘,‘e of Eighteen eighty-one 2
(ireetingf

\Vhat on earth have ye begun "

Is it busiiiess, is it fun, that yc'i'e after,
Now, in Eighty-oiie?

\V-Jmeii take the plane of men :
Goodness I

How in tunket will this (flllli

All the Grange on them depend,

flair with grace can we descend,
Now, in Eighty-one ':

Grange of Eighteen ciglity—onr: :
Courage I

Sure, they know what they're about,

You the baby now must hold,

And your knitting must bring out.

VVhile your wives go round and spent.

Now, in Eighty-riiie .

(.if1lllg(?!If Eighteen «-ighty-oiiv :
Sadness

Sits upon my brow to night i

I, this message, scarce can write-.

You, my men, are counted out,
Now, in Eighty-one.

Men of Eighteen eighty-one :
Listen 3

Souiethiiig surely must bi: done.

Or your race is nearly run,

I If you do as you've lncgully

Now, in Eighty-one.

Did ye think I'd left ye quite,

\Vhen ye met that awful night '7

Kay l—'Twus mine to guide ye i'i,«_rht,
Till ’tw:is Eighty-one.

Rouse ye I.R0use ye, Y1]!-‘ll of might T
Caution

On your flags must sit,

For the foes ye have to meet

\V'ill not meekly brook ilcfezit.

And ye'i‘e gone as sort-‘s yo.-‘re hmt,
Now, in l‘liglity~oiw. ,

—-F.-n'iii:i~i TIM E.

Success in Life.

An essay read before the Ai‘c:nli:i Graiige,
No.21, and presented for publication in the
Visiroic by reqtn-st of the (}range.

Worthy; lllas./er mu? 1’c/t7'on.»':——I propose
to present for your consideration to day it
subject that may well demand our atten-
tion —“ b'u(-cess in Life,” and how we may,
in some degree, at leiist, attain to it. \Vhen
we look ziround us \ve see a vast difference
in the character and condition of men. \Ve
find them occupying every grade in the
financial scale, from the millionaire to the
beggar; in the phy.s'l("(‘rl department from
the powerful giant .i:’«'-"F .»vhose tread the
earth almost tremble.-:, to ilie pig-‘my that can
scarcely stand upon his feet; and in the
moral grade from the angel to the demon:
in the intellectual dr“-partinciit we find the
gigantic mind that can take almost it uni-
veise in its grasp, and the idiot that caii
scarcely recognize the name by which he has
been called. In life’-s conditions we find
the same variety from the inmates of the
princely palace, surrounded by luxury and
refinement, to the occupants of the iiiiser-
able hovel, living in dcstitution, wretched-
ness, and degradation. in view of all this,
we may well pause and ask ourselves the
question, \\'hat is life? What causes so
much diiferencein the condition of men,
and why so many failures 1‘ \Vhat consti-
tutes success iii life, what have we done,
what are we doing, and what can we do to
attain to it‘? It lias been well and wisely
said that “ Life is what we make it,” but
who of ll.~‘, in reality, are makiiig it a suc-
cess '? \Ve say the farmer makes a success of
farming when he gets the best return for
his labor, with the least exhaustion of his
soil, and keeps his farm, fences, and build-
ingsin good condition. The architect has
made a success when the building he has
erected is, in every respect, adapted to the
purposes for which it was designed. And
the machinist lias made zi success when the
machinehe has constructed does its work in
the best possible manner. But what con-
stitues success in individual life‘.‘ i speak
not of perfection in any departmen.t, as this
is hardly attainable. ()ur greatest enjoy-
ment results from improvement, and if we
were told that we could never be wiser,
better, or happier than now, we should be
very unhappy. The acquirement of wealth
does not constitute success in life; this may
be secured at the expense of physical health,
and the sacrifice of every principle of honor.
A man may count his wealth by millions,
and yet in intellectual and moral riches may
be poorer than Lazarus at the rich man’s
gate.

A man may climb to the highest pinnacle
of political faine, but if in doing this he has
deviated from the strict line of integrity, he
has not made life a success. The accumula-
tion of wealth is by many regarded as an
important element of success, and to make
pecuniary provision for life’s wintry season,
and for those whoare dependent on us, is an
important duty, and industry and economy
are important elements in making life a
success. To avoid forming bad habits and
to eradicate such as we may have formed, is
another important feature in this direction.
Self government is another necessary ele-
ment of success. No parent or teacher can
successfully govern children until he has

_l learned to govern

2
l
l

 study! think! The man who does not gath-
I er up a store of useful knowledge along the
' wayside of life, in other words, fails to de-

_ point. Old as some of us are,we are but yéung
3 trees in the great nursery of life, and the po-

, ing floor can give health and strengili to  1,,‘-jed upon the people ('0;-any purpgyie’ un-

 

himself. Be temperate in
all things. \\'e may be total abstainers
from all that intoxicates, but if we are in-
temperate in various other respects, we
shall fail to make lifea success. Read!

velop his intellectual faculties, as far as he
is capable of doing, fails in an important

, , , ' : ’:i,::i
ciples of that party which is said to be dead
and buried, and see if it sounds like the
petitions we are asked to sign. (‘lause 6th .
It is the duty of Congress to regiilate inter-
State coinnierce. All lines of communica-
tion and transportation should be brought
under such legislative control as should se-
cure inoderate. fair, and uniform rates for
passengers and freight traffic. Again,
Clause N: All property should bear its just
proportion of tuxatioii, and we are in favor

sition we are to occupy iii the great planta-
tion above, and our fitness for that position
depends largely on our cultivation here. 5
Keep the intellectual plow-share bright-

And when we fail, as fail we must,
Let us wear out, but never rust.

I repeat: Read! study! think I But our
time is too limited and precious to be spent [
in reading the worse than useless trash, so E
much of which is filling the cheap publica-‘‘
tions of to—day. This can no more develop
sound ineiitalitythuii cliaif from the tliresh- ,-

the physical imiii.

Think, and in the expressioii of thought,
on all proper occasions, be honest and inde- l
peiideiit. Public opinion is oiieof the great- -
est tyrants on earth, and though 'tis well to ‘
yield to it so far as we can consistent with
individual freedom and duty, no man or
woman who is a slave to it can make life a
success. Men there are who would face
death unflinching on the battlefield, who
would quail before the frown of public opin~
ion, especially on the religious question.
VVomeii there are who would storm :1 battery
of angry bee-hive.-1, who would not dare wear
a calico dress to church from fear of what
Mrs. (irundy inightsuy. Such cannot make
life a success. Think.‘ Irepeat, think, and
with thinking, act.

Think how to culture and possess.
The most of real iimnliness,

And by tliat I111li1llLl(.‘SS to make,
The world the l)€tlLK‘ for our sake.

As members of the (iraiige we have excel-
lent opportunities for improvement in all
that coii.-etitiites success in life. Are we
wisely availing ourselves of these advanta-
ges‘! The (jrangc is an excellent school.
\Vill we be excellent, scliolarsi’ “'0 shall
not reach perfection in any deparlincnt of
rneiitality, but let it be our object to advance
as far as we may toward it, \\''e may feel
(:‘l1C()Ul'2lg€(l if we can see that weare making
some iinproveiiieiit ; that we are a little
wiser and :1 little better to-day than yester-
day; a little higher on the intellectual grade
this year than last year.

I trust that we can all see on lookiiigback
that some progress has been made. Let us
go on. \Ve must move in some direction;
there is no halting on the great pathway of
life. Let us move onward and upward.
There is no danger of going too fast or get-
ting too high on the long ladderof human
progression. Let us make the most we can
and the best we can of the opportunities that
this brief life affords us, hoping tliata future
field will give still greater facilities for fur-
ther advanceinent; but let us ever hear in
mind that the best preparation we can make
for that future life, is to make as far as pos-
sible, asuccess of this. A. s.

Are we Consistent?

Bro. J. T. Cobb .'—I was seriously im-
pressed while listening to the Secretary of
our Grange who read petitions sent us
by our VVorthy State Secretary for the sig-
natures of our Graiigers and farmers in re-
gard to the patent laws, railroad freights,
income tax, etc. I asked myself, are we, as
farmers, consistent with ourselves. One of
Franklin’s maxims was, “If you would
have your. business done, go; if not, send.”
Now it strikes me that we have sent un-
trustworthy agents to transact our business
for us. Did we do itigiiorantlv, or not? If
not, we are greatly to blame; if so, we
should never cast another vote, until we
have educated ourselves to know what we
want. Senator Ingalls says, and truly, that
every ignorant voter is a menace to free
government. Now I think we did know
what laws we wished our representatives to
frame for us; but we were blinded by par-
tisan prejudice. VVe voted for men to make
laws for us whom we knew to be directly
opposed to the measures which most interest
us. How can we consistently expect a rail-
road lawyer and banker to vote for and ad-
vocate laws to regulate freiglits in the in-
terests of the people‘? Yet we send them
there for that purpose.

Assuming it to be true that we understood
the principles of the men whom we elected,
is it not pueiile for us now to petition them
to change what we voted they should de-
cree 1‘ They might well think we were either
blind when we voted for them, or that we
are blind now. VVe should have thought of
these things six months ago. VVe can’t ex-
pect redress from grievances from this or
the incoming Congress, for the reason that
we did not go, or send the right kind of
men.

Our position reminds me of the negro’s
pup. The pup’s eyes being closed, the negro
struck it on the head with a club. This opened
its eyes, of course, and the negro said:
“Dar, after you are dead you see.” Some
may say they were obliged to vote for one or
the other of the two great parties, Not so,
my friends, there was a chance for you to
have placed your names on record in the
cause ofjustice and -right.

of a gradual income tax.
With these facts before us, we may well
say, “Oh, consistency, thou art a jewel."
But I close. hoping you may see fit to
print my views, p orly expressed, as they
may be, for the benefit of my (iranger
frieilds. Yours for the right,
'l‘iI().\i.-XS E. (,‘oo.\'I~:\'.
(fiundeii (Tenter, :\[ich.

Unjust Taxation.

l;’i'o. (‘ob/; .-——\Ve believe no tax sliould be

less a large majority are benetitted directly
or indirectly by said levy, therefore all our
institutions of learning above the common
scliools should be supported by those who

. receive the benefits of a higher education,

and the taxpayers should be relieved from
paying $2oo,ooo or S:;oo,ooo annually, for the

- supportofthe Ann Arbor University, Agri-

Ullltlirzll College and Normal School. There
is not one child in ten thousand who can he
beiiefitted by a higher education than that
afforded by our common and graded schools,
which are the peoples’ colleges, and are
properly supported by taxation. VVe have
known many young men who would have
made good mechanics, busiiiess men, or
farmers, and been u-eful members ofsociety,
had they not been ruined for all practical
purposes by being graduated from some col-
lege, which they left totally uniitted for
inanual labor.

\\'ithout the natural ability and capac-
ity for success in the over-crowded profess-
ions; they are destined to drag out a miser-
able, useless or criiniiial existence, depend-
ent upon their harvl working friends or the
public charity for support. An eininent
Detroit lawyer receiitly said that not more
than twenty per cent. of the lawyers and
doctors grzuluated at Ann Arbor could make
a living by the honest pursuit of their pro-
fessioiis, and that eighty per cent. of the
lawyer gimltizitcs becoinc sliysters and
sliarpers, and the same proportion of the
doctors are nostruin venders and abortion-
ists; and we probably shall continue to be
taxed to the tune of-'El00,(mo annually to keep
the millrunning which grinds out this eiior-
inous surplus of doctors and lawyers to prey
upon the people, so long as we elect lawyem
andtheir satellites to legislate for us. It is
not often tliata reformer is found among the
professions; they are generally governed by
old musty precedents, and continue to run
in the old ruts; even our Judges hardly ever
decide a case on its merits, but ziregovcrened
by old precedents. The business of a college
professor, lawyer. doctor, or priest, is as
much a trade as thas ofa shoemaker, and
none of them are more useful to society, and
there is no more reason why they should
learn their trades at the public expense
than there is for teaching all the various
trades at the expense of the taxpayers; be-
side;-:»_»tliere should be no privileged classes in
a republic. ll\'l)i<1l'i<INl)EN’l‘ FARMKR.

Dowagiac, Jan. 1-’), 1881.

Farm Notes.

Charring wood adds to its durability.

The farm is the last place in the world
where slovenliness pays.

Home of the sheep raisers of Australia own
over -500,000 head of sheep.

’l‘o make good solder for copper use ten
parts of copper and nine parts of zinc.

Ohio grape growers are getting somewhat
discouraged owing to the prevalence of the
rot.

Constant cutting offjust below the surface
of the ground will in time eradicate poison
ivy.

Clover that sends its roots deep into the
earth is considered the best sub-soiling agent
to be had.

The gross income derived from tobacco by
the farmers of the United States is about
$22,0oo,000.

Southern farmers have improved their
methods ofagriculture very decidedly in the
last ten years.

The Merino sheep will produce a larger
proportion of grease to wool than any other
breed of sheep.

Many a farmer pays out large sums for fer-
tilizers, while he allows those of his own
barn yard to run to waste.

One-half ounce of salt to the pound ofbut-
ter, is the rule of salting adopted by the
makers of the celebrated butter which sells
ata fancy price in Boston.

If your little chickens are drooping, try
lard and sulphur. The cause is very likely
to be lice, and not any more complicated
disease.

To preserve potatoes, they should be dried
as soon as possible, and placed immediately
in a position from which the sunlight is
excluded.

New bricks. before laying, will absorb one-
fifteenth of their weight in water, and
should always be wetted down before being
laid in mortar.

 

BE sure and read the article in this paper

Let me quote from the Platform of Prin-

on “Railroads and,the People.”

‘-iii‘)?-$.1ia;«v:£v.2‘ 3 ’

< I -£24.... -

 —-.—,-,,,

-‘ «‘ arr.-.-. M.-2. . .


' . ,..~..~.s¢‘-rmn

_ .__+~ ____,.,___,..o¢..f‘_v_' -..~.,....: g

-, <5--«.--n--ws --5%.-"~. .

 

....~§§u¢I‘¢u

 

4

mix?

 L(‘ RA FTq

 

     

Qti-lll‘tllI.l'$ flu-ailment.

J-T.COI’-8. - ~ - — .\Tctiootci<_—u'r

THE PLQSTER BUSINESS.

From :2.cv-cr..vl -;t:.t:‘tci.-s we learn that some
Patrons, in dill‘-rt-ut localities, have become
a.ppreheusivc that Dan‘ 6: Taylor had sold
out-—gone over to the old Plaster .-‘lssocimion
under another, or without any name.

VVe thought enough had already been said
in the Vrsrron to set the matter right. What
is wanted  it clear underst:zn(li'~.1g of all the
facta, past. and present, relating to llll': pl.a-.-:-
rer lvu.-inc-<.-': and with such lllltlt)!‘hl'.liJ(llllg,
we have no fear.-.< th:-.5: any intelligent Patron
will take uny exception to the pr:-st-ut con-
dition ofour pin:-tier interests.

In I87-3 the .\Iiclii;.;':m l"l:t.-ztcr A.-:.-;r»r_:i;.tim.-
fixed the orice of land plaster at S.l.<’»:‘i pa-
ton, at Grand I\‘apios, and the Grand lliver
Valley Plaster C«.r., with w horn we had a
<-.3-ntract. at S:’...3\) per ton, ret'u:-zed to deliver a
single ton of plaster on that contract, and
left us the alternative of doing; without plura-
tear. or paying the combination price.

The best promise that we could get from

 

FEBRUARY 151', 1881, s

' that  50 per ton at the mill, or at Grand



 

..,..__..

lthe maximum price which the Executive

ilhiitigt i

Committee had agreed upon with l)ay (E

l

I

 Taylor.

, . _ I
1
I

From what we know of the business, and
we have had somctliirig to do with it for sev-
eral years, we have come to the conclusion

Rapid:-:, is but a fair and reasonable price
and the members of the Executive Commit-
tee were unanimous in their approval of
the cdui'se taken by Day «Kr Taylor. For four
years the farmers of Michigan have had the
long end of the leverin this plaster int;-ginezst-a.
end they have had this atlvanf:~.gc through a
period of hard tithes, when :1 little advan-
tage has been of real value to them.

During these year.» the members of the
Orderhave gent-rally adhered to their prin-
ciplcsand stood by their f:‘l6.‘!J(i&~‘, and we ex-
pect that, with the same understanding of
their iuteres-.ts, the Patrons of Micl igan will
still order plaster of Day ti. ’l'a.yl0r, and be
quite willing to pay sucii price as will on-
al,-lc them to do a living liusim"--.
lieve the present print: to be fairly remunera-
tive, and nothing nioio. \“v'e E‘:-‘lv.,-Vc Ilsy dz
Taylor will sell only pl:-to:-rm" 12']: be-t qual-
ity, and in goml c;-ontiitioti. \\':- lvcil~.¢\’.‘_‘. they
have :rlwa_\'.-‘ ‘-.-ueti t':iir:iu-.l l,-.-ri>.'.1al-it.-ii": their
dealings with l’utrn.,vu~. -.l=_.«.l no car: vztfely
rely on them for the .-:unt~ tr-;-:tt.nei-.t in fu-
ture, and we further l,.-cl%c'.etit;:t but ft.-rthcir
honor, integrity and l."C‘l':~.€V'£‘l':.in'.lCc‘ we should
have utterly failed in our c€l'«.»i“-;«, to vindicate
the principles of the 0rd: r, -'t::u.l .-hnulcl have
sufi'crcd a total defeat.

l’utrons should not forget that to this plas-
ter interest the Executive L‘oi.ztt11ittee of the

tihe ASSO('l‘.i‘LlOiJ was that orders from Grana-
D

era» should receive the same treatment
shown orders frntm agents of the .-«cvcral
companies. This proinisuz-,, cu-'ii_v made. was

Iii-1 easily broken, and exacting conditions
unusual in businr.--9 iransut-titvris, severe and
unjust in thuir cfj'e(-t,. were applied to the

State Grange have, for five years, given
close attention, and the report of the Com-
niittcc submitted to the ;~,‘.t:ztc Grange at its
lmstseasion, accepted and approved by that
body, endorsed the course of lmy 5- 'I‘;+.ylt,-r,
and approved their a.lv>.u1ce in price to 5'23»)

members of our Order.

The foolish and wicked att/amp: todi.~;=crlm-
inate against the thousands of their own real
customers, in favor of at few intermediate-’
agents, was undertaken by a few man ufu:-t— ‘
rivers, who alleged that they had a perfect '
right. “to run their own business in their
own way." “'9 did not. undertake to prove ,
the proposition unsound, but set about pro- 5
viding to run. our own (>u.,-iizrs-.;1’n our 0,,--;; l
may. '

To sum up the t‘e;-rulls of our five years‘ 4
work on this p‘.:m, the matter stands
Home-thing like this: Ynalertaking, by
weight of capital and large lnisiiiess experi-
ence, to over-ride and crust: out every ed"-.;rt
of the tI(’.~‘pl.~.=(‘4l (,iI‘:tr1gci' to do his own busi-
ness with his own money, in his own \i'2z_\', 
we find, at the end of tlitrce _i ears. lmlt‘ti1t:se: 3
mmpuniss, who t-la‘rn-ml. at the Ollliit-i, to he 
worth :1 million of dollars. are buukrt1p!,:2‘:id E
the other half. .-‘till lzupcful that swirls.-titling l
might turn up. zxintinuetl to sell fll.'l.'5it‘l' be- ;'
low cost of "pi‘(‘l:ll.lt’lll)El until near the I’lU.\L‘ 

l
l
l
1
I
l
l
I

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
1

of l.‘€<Il.

From the first it‘.-omct1t.:=.f';z r the »)o2n3:»inu-
Lion h'a.d taken simpe Lllltl ;1‘.".)\a"'t~.«l its tle‘.-.-r-
mination t..- create an o;’ypi'c.-'si\'.: mt;-nopoly,
the Executive Cointnitwc and rc-pi'e.-.eatu-
ijv-g men of the Order in this (flute deter-
mined to vindicate the principles of the Dr-
der. and to-day we think there is :_;eue:‘al
agreemetit that [il'.8_v have suCcceclc(.i.

In the contest, the Patrons of the State
have shown an intelligent appreciation of
the situation, and nobly sustaine-;i the Exec-
utive Committee iu the work undertaken.

But. in this strulzgle. the manufacturers
who were parties to the com l1ll]i).l.lOl], or their
successors in the bu~.=lness, and the Execu-
tive U.>inmitt.::~s. acting fbr !l1e,"f)r<,ler and
the purchusirt;-; Patrons of the State, were
not -.71.’ the l.‘-J."':tc:§ vitally interested in this
matter. The Patrons of the State, one and
all, had bu.-‘iii:-ss of their own to attend to.
None; of them wanted to develop a mine and
engage in the manufacture of plaster.

In casting about for some way of escape
from the clutches of the combinartion, the
Committee received a preposition from Mr.
Weston, of (fraud ville, to undertake the
work of furnishing the Patrons of the State
with plaster at :53 per ton on cars at Grand-
ville, or $3.50 as Grand I-lapids.

We need not recite the delays and cun-
culties that were encc:unt.ered in our busi-
ness relations with Bro. We.-‘ton. He proved
unequal to the work undertaken, though
furnished inai-;-'i‘ial aid by the E:-;et-uti\'e
Committee.

At the end of the year be had furnished
about 100 tons of plaster, and ten times that
amount ofdisappointment, and turned over
the whole business in a demorali/.ed condi-
tion to Day & Taylor, who took hold of the
work nearly five years a‘-5'0, after ‘AI r. \Vcs-
ton had done all he could,

'With heroic courage, and with an abiding
faith in the Order, they have prosr.-cu-‘.c<l the
work through all these ye.-,u's, making per-
manent itnprovements, and, in common
with the other manufacturers, each succeed-
ing year sinking thousands of dollars.

They have resisted every temptation and
every inducement of other manufacturers,
and stood squarely up to every _contrac't
made with the Executive Committee.

And now, when the l1alt’of the plaster
manufacturers who have been able to lose a
few thousand a year and still continue the
business, have come to understand that the
Grangers have some sense and backbone,
some business honor and business ability,
they have come forward and entered into an

per ton.

I-‘rein this brief review, what is our =lut_v'.‘
The answer is obvious. Both duty and in-
tercst point in one direction. Having
bought plaster below cost for stiine _\'cars, we
should now be satisfied to pay cost and such
reasonable profit as will enabl:-. the manu-
facturers to continue the l-usines.-», anti furn-
ish their customers g‘-‘)()ll iioae-st gro “ls.

Shrewd l’utrons will remember that their
own czmve-nience will be pronu'.xtc«l by send-
iug their  to D ry lb ’l'.:ylor who will fill
them without extra charge, and it will be to
their interest, ufcoursc, to order e.zrl_v, before
the tltzntaml for cars makes it li‘:l]\.."i~'xll)l9 to
get it wlicr. wanted for Lint’.

THE POOR OF OUR STATE.

As -the poor we :ilw.~zys have with us, utisil
:tl\vays al]'.tll,1.‘.l1il their cm--3 Lialil .~up3_:urt. la 11
in-.tttcr of iutwrc-» to all tzixp:r_vti‘.~a, as well as
to the bctictlcluzéc-.-1. we lit."-Jill zt brief rc‘~l'er-
once to the :i1‘ti1-.232 r:i~ :t.it;g of S'.zpet'int-.-1iti--
cutsof tit»: i‘o<-r wizl lllIt‘,‘l'é‘r'-l runny of our

l't:2t\l('l'>‘.

 

we he» 3

l
l lust, and continuing two ri::ys.

. ‘if

 

  

 door vct'st1s ()uttit';::r Relief”; A paper pre- 
 pared by Hon. M. l.. Bunch, of'(lrand ll:-!p- 
- ids, was read by Mr. Adams, sub_iw.~t, “liovx 
far ought the \\¢illl.\ he Poor to be relieved I
at the expense oflbe 'l‘a.~; pa_ver'.“' ’.e-ports 
l were received from the B,-nevoletai. .\ssociu- I’
l tions of the city of Hrmitl ltzrpids: : the first,
, by Mrs. (‘iceto l’-wtter, for the \\'om.°.u‘s
.5 I52:-us.-velent Society, and the ltcv. 1'-‘. D. l-2.
l Mbrtitu»,-r, for  .\f.»~.rk'.-I Bonn: ulld Hos-
Tpltal. .-'\rnong the questions disc--.'-5,-:nl by
lthe Superiutetult-uI'.s wus the fullowiugwl
,l “\‘v'bat shall we do with thr: l.'t-:urabl(- In» 
saneuntl ldioti: that .. in mi: Poor llouse.-”
 and “'I‘r;unps—‘i'\'hat -shall we do with
thcrn_‘?" .\ t-.c,-iicsof rc.-oizztious were report— 3
ed by the (.‘h:a.irm ill of ‘ on

  

the Laltlllllllict.
Ilcsoliitiorz.-4. which were .;:iopte<,l——decla:ing
in favor of the f_‘Sl£1l)ll.-iilnl-“Ill. of District
\\'ork llouscs, where those com mitted must
labor, 1-.nd tvbcretbos-‘e &€Zll&‘~llt‘I;'ll in _iu-‘tic-c
courts for short term.-4, could be sci to work,
miller than bc lllll-ll‘: worse by it t’-:.-w weeks .
or-nit-.uf.h.-.a by idleut-.-;=.' in jail; in f2.'-‘:):' 05‘
E State institutions for the idiotic, «lent--112+--i, -
and incurable ill.-llll£‘,‘ built: to shy! -r Juli‘:
protect, their iuin.‘.lz=.-2, and furni:»':. evs.-.r_v
needed conifr.-rt_ rathz-r than <‘:-xpe::-.i=.-..- pala-
ce:-. tliztt are not only coxtly at firs", ‘nut rw
, quire, in the nature of the (‘..1se,a1ic)-:p':t‘si\'c
: tnatiagernt-ht, and reeomuxerttling that the
} (Jomrnitlee of this Axis-'n:iation on l.uws -_~:n.'Z
 l.e-gi.-tlation take smith 9.'..‘ll'.|[I 11-< will ten-.l to
‘I make effective the work of this convention,
hrourrh legislative enactme-nta.
t 'I‘l'1e::t11e-.f_ingof 157.‘) was held at liunslrig.‘
in January, and was well attetirled. lion,
"  . \‘-ialker. l‘res‘t of the State Board
btyglrdrities, suitlressetl the convention in
}{epl‘L‘S0l‘li.:-lliV't3 hall, very warmly endorsing
l],e;.,9 annual gjatlicriligs of tiiosc who by
official obligatirmn provide for the dcpemlent
at the expense of the people. Iii;-l practical
a(ldr(15;«‘ v.'s.s followed by the reatling of a
paper by Hon. Ile11r_~,~ \\'. Lord, Scc'y of the
State B-"i;1rr.l of Charities-—subject, “ Ililener-S
more Demoralizing than Ignorance." A
paper was also rr-ad by Mrs. N. B. Jones, of
Lansing, reprzi--‘cnting the Ladies’ Industri-
al rjocicty of that city, upon “Industrial
]_-jtlugation," and one by Hon. (7. I). Ran-
dall, of Coldw.-zter, upon “ The Michigan
System; It: Merits and Defects, especially
relating to our Laws punishing Criminals.”
The meeting of 18.90 was held at Kalama-
zoo. At this tneefing A valuable paper pre-
pared lly Miss Marion V. Dutlley, of Mil-
waukee, ‘as read: 2-jubject, “Dep:-~ndc-ucy
and its Prevention." Another from the pen
of 1-[c_.n, C, I). R:mr.l-all, of Goldwater, en-
titled, “ Farin Sc-hoo‘s for Iielinqtieiit Girls.”
In addition to tbs-:-e papers were reports
frotn cflicers of benevolent. institutions at
Granrl Rapids and cl.~=ev.'ltere,-anal inte-1‘e.r-s,-
lug disc ission’-: upon the g/*llL‘!‘3\l 51111.3??? Of
pauperis-sm and lid-._ be-/1 means of relief.

 The meeting of’ l“.‘<l was held at l.ansin;:,

commencing; on the evening of the lhth
fit‘ the val-

’l'l1«3inciplcitt step.-‘ iz'tlLC‘.ll to.v:.i.r-.l-5 an or~ g uublc: papers reu-.l at this last mee~tin«,_-j, t ‘.0-

,;auizatiou by tho -Jill-:ei's of the several
:;ou11fies«':hargr-ti with the duty ofc-.triug for
the l:~0-.’}l', were t-.1‘.;+,-n in 137:5, and the first
sitate convention callcd to ll1t?6‘i. at. Lansing,
Dec. 215, l.E~.7.l, Annual ins-etiugs were held
successively in 1574, and I-575, at L:,u*.sitig;
in 1876 at Coltlwater; and in 1377 at l5‘lint.
In January 1378, the convention met at
Grand Rapids with a. better representation
than at any previous meeting. and the im-
portance and value of these annual gather-
ings had become so well established that a
more perfect. organization was deemed dc-
sirable, and steps were taken in tlmt direc-
tion by the adoption ofaconslitution, under
the name of "Superintendent-z of the Poor,
and Union Association.”

The present and past Superiut.end«.:nts of
the Poor, Commissioners of (‘harities, of]i-
cers of the State Public Szjliool, orijcers of
Benevolent .-\s:sociut.ions, and Penal and
Refurmatory Institutions, Keepers of Your
I-Iouses. and County Agents, are eligible to
metnbership.

' ‘he expressed determination of (hi:-. (Jon-
vcntion, by the adoption of u coristitutiou,
and the presentation of many valuable
papers, the result of much careful study and
thought, gave to the Grand Rzlpltls conven-
tion far more importance than had ztttuclletl
to any previous meeting of Superintendents.
\Ve summarize the work of that cc-nvt-ntion
by giving the various subjects presented and
papers read, with name ofauthor.

A paper by John I). Brown, of ‘leV‘ela.nd,
on "(_.'lassific2Ltiou of Criminals" ; Rev.
Frank Russell,of Kalamazoo, delivered an
address on “The Duty of Christian Civiliza-
tion to Helpless Children" ; “Hereditary
Pr0clivities,”—can the vicious tendencies of
a bad hereditary be arrested by a judicious
training of the child ?—was treated at con-
siderable length by L. I’. Alden, Supc1'in-
tendent of the State Public Scliool at Cold-
water: “The. New Hospital for the Insane
at liankakee,” was the subject chosen by
the Rev. F. H. \Vines, of Springfielcl, Ills.;
“Dependentand Delinquent Children, with
special reference to Girls,” was the subject
ofa paper read bythe Hon. Henry W’. Lord,
Secretary of the State Board of Charities of
our State. In the absence of Hon. Wm. L.

Vobber, of S1ginaw,a paper prepared by
him for this occasion was read by Hon.
Henry \V. Lord, subject, “The Laws for
Supporting the Poor-Is there a Better
‘Way '.,' ”; Supt. L. P. Alden read a paper
from F. B. Sanborn, of Boston, Secretary of

arrangement with Day 52 T3-3'10‘-' t‘33d0f't

the American Science Association, on “In-

tir.-:t. was by Supt. Howe, of the State Reform

.~‘.;.hool: isiibj»:-‘ct, “lielinqueut Children.”
Mrs. Agnes: d'.»\rcamb:il, of lialatnztzoo,

read :1 pupct‘ relating; to “ l’ri:-‘on Life and
'l're:a’Lmt-nt of Convicts.” The C-’>nV’€I1li0Il
was i‘avorc.'l with an I1(llll'€3'..‘5 from Bishop
t}il’.c‘-‘pit-., of (lrzmrl "ll i.p‘.d.~:~ subject, “ Public
l’r.ivisiou for the Sick I-‘or~.r:" and another
by Hon. Henry ‘W. Lord. of Iletroit——sub-
ject, “Employment for the Insane in our
.-Xsylum’-'.” Hon. (i. M. I)ewey,of Hastings,
was set down for :1 paper on “ The I\fe.nage-
ment of our I‘..oi'-lion:-.es in relation to Mor-
al Instruction,” and the subject of "De-
pendent Childreu ” was ably presented in a
paper by Hon. C. I). P.-.indall. The evening
S€’Sl0ll5 were held in lit-presenta\tive hall,
and were largely attended by members of
the Legislature. The last evening Mrs. S.
L. Fuller, of Grand Iluphls, read a paper en-
titled, “ Reform Scliool for lirls," and Mr.
Lord read it paper prepared by Dr. Van
Deusen, forinr,-rly Superintendent of the
Michigan Insane Asylum at Kalamazoo,
upon “The Bxnitary Effect of Ilrainng-re."

\\'e have introduced this subject because it
is one that forces il.s(-If upon the attention of
society, and one that its nmre observant and
thoughtful members regard  highly im-
'portaut, from an economic standpoint. as
well as from the generally 1'=;-eognizt-d obliga-
tion to provide for :2. tlepeml;-zit class.

Civilizztion brings to us innumerable bles-
sings, but it has its attendant vices and evils
that the good and generous are continually
striving to correct and remove.

Michigan has laws of general application
for the relief of the needy, and a small army
ofotlicials for the execution of those laws.
{She has county and State institutions, in
which are congregated, with more or less
regard to age, sex, and diverse conditions,
those who are the 3.1‘; rt; of temporary
or permanent public cliamty.

Those who have given the general subject
of pauperism the tnost consideration), feel
that the whole su bjec-tin all its bearings and
relations is but little understood.

\Ve have referred to papers presented at
these annual meetings; some of which give
evidence of much thought. We intend
when our correspondents become engrossed
with their farm work, so tliat there is a
dearth of matter for the Vlsrron, to give
place to some of these p3.p';-rs, which, as Seo-
retary of the Association, came into our
possession.

The people of the State have done much

 

 

already in making provision for the unfor-



. li-.u Ofthc old «Ir-tli»-«
l l-eticixzcii-iii, to h-to-l (12--

tunate and dependent class. “'9 are con-

tinually called on as individuals and as com- -

munitic.-, to give temporary

larger and better poor-hour-res and contribute

to the e rection of costly Htate institutions.
We ought to, and shall sometime under-

relief, build 1

stand this business of providing relief better 
than we now do, and we shall reach that!

better under:-ztanding by giving mom utten- 1

tion to all the phases of the subject. The
tramp nuisance in this country, is one of
comparatively recent date. It has elicited
much talk and some legislation. The rem-

edy has not yet been found, or if fouhd, has;

not been utilized. But we shall reach it some
day. \Ve shall not endure it perpetually.
Begging frauds, or l‘ratidi1lenthe,_.J;;.-;itig has
received a check in Detroit by a r«_vste:natized
examination of each case, through a well
organized association.

In place of:-soup lioua.-:4 with an indiscrim-
inatiug libcrality supplying all applicant.-t,
this benevolent. organi;'.-ztiun is a sort of pro-
tective a—asoci:ition. Dividing thc city into
districts, it hash central oflit-ethat isstics
tickets to all families lia.ble to be called on for
ch-1rit:i.blc <)0lllI'll)llY.l()ll.‘~i, and they are ml-
vi.-.t-tl to rt-'t'«z-"u aid to ill] .‘i})}llit‘ltli'.‘~‘. and in
In .l'«_>l‘i.!‘¢::r'l or ht}:-'-l
.-'ep:uLivu1t Ll t.9:.-' 2--.
with the ulicrw‘. u rm" wurl :' '~‘-l'lt‘:l\'.".‘ of tho-
party applyin,-5 mr .:.«.i~:.',.~u:c
on the nt-ztrmt di.--tt'i~'»’ .‘~l’.‘.w: for ’.h.-- m-ed»-tl
assistance. A coznpe-t».-nt t':r:'llil'.lilli‘(‘ of ex‘-
atninution n1:lite(::ire:‘til~o-art-li and iz..ptiry
into every (‘aw be-fora,-u .-tingle dime is tax’-
pended.

Hon. Phllo l’:‘.l‘.'luL‘.-, oflletroit. at the llllr:
convention OfSllpt‘l‘ilIltf!]t.l1‘Lll~+_ gm-'-.2. a wry

 

l~‘l-I ill-{IX-\ ll Y lsr, 1881.

HAVE PATIENCE.

\\’e are beginning to get -4-rriw enquiries
for receipt-A for few and du.-- .-sent us, which
we-have not been able ta. zrtiku out and re-

turn to the sender as prompt£_v as we could»

wish.

Our explanation is this: 'li:-e-rv: has been
an iucreasv of hzbor iii on-ry tieptsrtnrent of
Grange work. The Vi.-;n'oit lms grown In
size. (lur subscription list is growing every
‘I83’ ; January is the mouth of renewals, as
nearly half our list last yo-arcomtnenced with
Jan. l.-‘t. Our receipts of ii-es and. dues are
greater by sixteaen per cent than for the corra-
ponding months of Dex.-t-ml»-~r and January
of at year ago. The demand for supplies ex-
ceedsn.iiythini_f thttt we have had in three
years. Three years ago we gfn‘, the By-Lgwg
of the Slate Grunge, I1.-' amended by the late
.‘ll:‘S~l0l], printrd, and sold during the two
.-I'.lC(‘PeLllDg your.-e about l,l*U£v tropics. One
year ago we had l,UOI.| cup7::=- of the last; re-
vision of the By-I.uv\‘-.4 printed, in connec-
tion with the lfonrttitution of the National

:Ul'hl‘:§,"t‘, I)l‘(‘l.‘sX‘}l[l0l] of lmrpos-cs, etc., and

in three months we orrir.-red '.l_00~’) more cop-

. l'~‘-‘*'- 'l'll¢=.~«'e are all gout‘, and we have lust
' ordered .'«‘,(».’l!l more r,-opj;.._

3 vi 9‘ lzuvc

-_ xaurl an order:

full account ofthe work of this n.-t.-«>t~.i:ttion, =

anti stated that he ruaaie }it’l‘>~i'>} al vxatuinn-
tion into the condition of many families
who were receivitig aid regularly from the
city, and found a largcpcrco-nt. were frauds.
He found families living in cotnfortnble
houses, with well suppiietl ll:I‘<Il.‘l‘t4, that were
regular penrsionersand had been for years. He
gave it as his opinion that $*5,m)()_ _§udi«_-iously
expended under the surveillance of this or-
ganization, would provide fur every real
want, where $.'.lf),llH() had before been ex-
pended.
\V'e have today expel).-«ive l1»smt¢~ai-yliims,
in which we ure keeping llULl(il't‘1ia' of do-
iented and incurubly in.-sane at twice the
cost necessary for their com.t‘ort.ablc subsist-
encc. And these im,-titut.i<>iis are filled to
their utmost capat-ity.—ll=.u this article is
already too long, and we will give this
matter consideration in zmothcr urtit-lc.

INADVERTENT MlSTAKES.

VVe prornised at the bétatc (z‘rzmg-.- to reicr
to and explain :1 little malt-'-r of llllpl(r‘f:t'.~I.lll,-
ncss that ni'oe-‘c on account of a mistake
made by 21 visiting brother, l‘v5t1.~ll,(‘l‘ of a
(lrange, and a gentleman of good repute
aud standing where known. In l.li£‘[)l'cI.<.4
of work which has followed the i~e.~xsiou, the
matter came near being forgotten. ‘Though
late, We will l‘etlL'L-‘.'n our p':onti.<e.

\Ve had distributed through the hall
niileage certific:-itc.-I to the voting members
to fill out, and r:-<1-.ie.~.ttc<i their return to our
desk. ‘We had also given notice that we
would issue certificates of attendance to all
Patrons who came by rail, paying full fare
to .[;allSillf__§‘,tll:t‘. would enable them to secure
a return ticket at the Lansing otliccs of the
different railroads at one cent per mile.

This visiting brother picked. up one of
those blank certificates on which member;-c
were to make out their mileage, and filled
it out and brought it to my desk, supposing
that was what he needed to do to get his
return railroad ticket at the r'c«.iuct-<1 rate.
I explained the matter to him, and provided
him with the right certificate for his special
rate return ticket, but neglected to destroy
the ruilcago certificate which he brought
and left on my desk, This-i, in common
with others that were brought forward from
time to time, was dropped into a drawer,
and ultimately went to the C.omruittee on
Mileage and Per Diem. Later in the session
a member of this Committee came to me
and said this visiting brother was trying to
get mileage and per diem by sending in his
certificate. There would be no OCCl1.‘~llOfl for
this explanation but from the fact that some
of the Committee gave so much notoriety to
their suspicions that it catne to be believed
by some of those not well acquainted, that
he really attempted to do this dishonest
thing. In this matter there were just three
mistakes made: first, the inadvertent, in-
nocent one of the visiting brother in filling
out the certificate; second, the inadvertent
or careless one made by myself of putting
the certificate in with others into the hands
of the Committee; third, the indiscreet use
of these two mistakes to the grout annoy-
ance of this visiting brother. There was
little occasion for so much smoke where
there was so little tire.

IN place of the advertisetnent of Geo. \\'.
Hill «St. Co., which has been standing in the
VISITOR for a year and 9. half, will be found
in this issue the card of Geo. W. Hill. From
its purport, we conclude that some Patrons
are in debt to the old firm. There are two
reasons why Patrons should attend prompt-
ly to this call. One is, the dissolution of the
firm makes it important that its affairs
should be closed up ; and the other,
quite as important, is that Patrons practice
what they profess and preach : “ pay as you
gmn

\\'c- Mt‘-.*i' to rho.--.:e tl.it:;>.;-I to explain why
nr-t ilcfcll able tonne-r up in our
lmul-ZS nnri rec--ipt tit once for ull fees and
linen.

’l‘h«-re is fifty pct‘ cent tuorc utllcc work for
the four months following Nov. l.-it, than for
either of the four l‘llOl'l{ll"-l lrrw(~(‘(ling or fig]-
lowing these.

You will all get _\-our z-we-i.pt.-; all 1-igm,
zxz-ept 2! little unavoi«l;rbh- deluy.

SUPPLY BUSINESS.

There has been it great dc-maud for the
sixth c-lition of the Manual. l-iome orders
for it are without the seal of the Grange.
Therlfl we return, as we are especially charg-
ed by the lt‘..\;c<:utivc(‘ommittt-+~ of the Na-
tionul (-' range in regard to this matter. See
('lh"1'.llHl'0ltllU Committee, put,-li.~4lu>d on find.
p:tge>ol' \'i:at'rutt. of June 1:’»th, 

Tin-; atu:ti<;n sale advertised on our last
page sh-.sul«.l uttrar-t the attention of fu.rmers
int-:rcstc<l in ;__w:md, Htor-k. To such enterpris-
ing men av. Bro, liollowaj the country in
indebted for the ini;;-i'ovc«,i characrtcr of the
cattle of the county. 'l'ltmc is still it wide
margin for improvelneut in the atock kept
by many f:u‘z1~.e-r.<«—_vc.~4, many (,~.'-rzmgers of
l\Ii«~higun. To all [ht-.-w, tlii~é lUiV'e~1‘i,i-«-meni,
is 21 m:tttr~r of llll(‘l‘{‘r*i.

\VlI .-lrall lmve in our cup]-l_\' department
in a. few days the lt(l:ll‘o‘-‘K, in p.,s:nphlcL form,
of Bro. ‘V‘."\)lil;‘..1ll. .‘»la..-.te_—r of the National
tirzfrig-2, d»:-lixc,-rt-4! ll(f\~."t‘ that body at itn
re-::eiit .’-=‘._‘.~in'li)ll in the city of \‘v'2.r-.liitig;ton.
1\l>‘('lll*‘ atldrc-;-an r.i' llvv. Thus, K, l;.~eel;er'
dz-Eivcrt-»,l lief’.-;r+~. tl.w- ;‘-.'atiuri.-ll (319.11-,{.eat its
s-o,:-«sion in:(,'ui1uznl.rlgu;\ in .\'m'cuil.el, I37 .
l’ricv_% for copies of both, eight ct.-l.L.-'; per
‘J01-'-Kl. '.-'-‘w.-,, or  00 pm" humlred.

To ’lll(-Si? of our a':ori‘espon<lt-nt.-' who do
not rind their arlir.-lc-' in this nuanber, we
would say that the supply wma so libeml that
some urticle.-: had to go over. Vfe t:i:;r.\'t. like
to discourage production, and find it mucln
better to ll2i‘~'€‘ rm t'X('(‘.'s':<l than it short crop.
filcritl nlor:g your I'.‘(!7l1i'llUlllC«ll§lf).'l.-I, éilrli we
will try and tn.-'tkcyr>u is F-.'0O'\l paper.

“'12 occ2tsirmall_v its.-ur of some sub:-criber
to the \'t.<ITou who don't get his paper.
Sometimes the fai?ur:- is cliiti‘g.3r':-xii.-l<: to this
oiiice and sotiietinre-4 not, 'Wh-;-n cornplulnt

' is made, or the fact cornea to our knowledge

in any V\’tl.§‘, Vic zslwny,-.1 look the matter up
at once and set. it right 1154 soon as p0’-tqible.
lfyou don't get your paper. notify us by
card or Otl1t‘l‘Wll~P‘, at once. Don't think we
can know of the failure unless you give us
no-tit-.f:.

Convenience anrl Value of Railroad Passes.

Not. very long ago I was E€libp(Y‘!l1:l(:<l as a
witness in a. suit between a citizen of an
adjoining County and a railroad company,
I was Suhp(,X‘Yl2l8d by the company.

To get. to the place of holding the court I
had to pass over the road, about 24) miles.
On getting to the train I found the attorney
for the company, and also the attorney for
the prosecuting part_v——both gentlemen be-
ing among the leading lawyers of the State;
and I found that the uttornt-y against the
company, as well as the one for the compa-
ny, and the witnesses, had his free pass.

The judge that was to try the case had
also to pass over the line of the road for some
di;stetne:-.<:-, from the opposite direction. He
came also on 11 free pus.-3.

The case vvas calhd up, and the attorney
for thc pl:-infill‘ preswnt;-d his case in a
short speech. The attorney for the railroad
asked for u ht:-n~suit on somelegui t.eclinlc&l-
ity ; the attorney for plu.intlfi' did not seri-
ously object, and thejudge readilygran ted it.

This was a right-of-way case of much im-
portance. but the result was so discouraging
to the citizen that he never revived the suit.

I submit the question, Is not the free pass
system of the railroads an indirect, but very
convenient and cheap method of bribery ?

C.

To TEN names not members of the Order,
we will send the Vxsr'rorc three months for
$1.00


c l

 

 

FEBRUARY 1-1‘, 1981.

 

Worthy Master Woodman's Reply to Harold Burgess‘;
Letter on “ Free Trade."

Bro. Cobb.-—-if-Iarold Burgess, of Canada,
has a communication in the last VISITOR. in
which he criticises the action of the Patrons
of this State, in petitioning Congress to res-
tore the tariff on wool, which was repealed
by the act of 1873. He asks, “ifthere can be
a more violent injustice done than this, and
‘ls it essentially different from downright
robbery ‘.‘ "

Judging [mm the tone of his letter, I infer
that he is an advocate of what is termed
"British Free 'I‘rade," and honestly so. His
surroundings, and education in political
economy, has been somewhat. different from
that of the fariners. ofthis country, and it 129
notstrange that we should differ in our views
upon this very important qtlt-:Sti(u1. If f.ee
trade in the best policy for England, and her
colonies, it does not necessarily follow that
it is the vvise—sL- policy for this country.
To answer our friend from Canada fully,
would require an article too long for your
columns, as it would involve the Wh0l(-;qucs-
Lion of free trade and protection, hence a few
points and conclusions must suffice.

A tariff is a tax or duty levied by the Gov-
ernment upon the products of other coun-
tries, which are imported into this, and from
which the revenues of the Government are
mainly derived. izluch tnriffis more or less
protective in its operations, when levied
upon articles produced or manufactured in
this conntry,and if sufiiciently protective,
will stimulate the production of such articles
sand give employment to labor at such wages
as will enable the laborer to provide for his
family a comfortable home, with means to
yupport his family, clothe and educate his
chilziren, in n-.u<_-.h a manner as to enable
them to become respectable Inembers of so-
clety, and fill their place in a government
“of the people and for the people."

Free trade requires that all tariff l:-e abol-
?-.-ahcd and a free interchange of commodities

bet-ween nations allowed. This policy
vtould 1ieoes.-uzi'ily either crush out the man-
ufacturing and other productive industries
of this <*c-nntry, or reduce the price of labor
to that of the pauper labor of tht-older coun-
tries of ]~'2ui-ope. it would also out olfa very
large portion of the revenue of the Govern-
ment, and riciresssitate direct taxation upon
the property of the country for the support
of the t'_}ovcrnxnen't. and payment of the na-
tional debt, and n:-» it is officially stated, that
nine-tenths ofall the personal property of
the country escapes taxation, the burden
would fall most heavily upon the farmers
and real estate owners, who cannot if they
would, secrete their property from the as-
me.-::=0r’.-3 eyes. For this reason, lfno other, it
will be a long time before:-. the intelligent
farmers of this country. will become the
;;dvo(-ates of free trade. But I am aware
t.ha.t there are but few’ advocates of absolute
free trade in this country. It is very gener-
ally conceded that we must have a tariff for
revenue. Now, a tarifl’which is designed to
provide revenue only without developing
the resources of the country, and protecting
its industrial interests, will in many in-
stances operate as dlsastrously to the agri-
cultural, and other industrial interests, as
nbsoluzte free trade.

An illustration of this-: may be found in
the operations of the tariffsyslem ofsome of
the nations of la‘urope. \Vhen the war be-
tween Germany and France terminated,
and so disastrously to France, it was gener-
:+.lly conceded that France was reduced to a
“third-rate power," and could never regain
her former position and standingasa nation.
But. wise statesmen were at the head of af-
fairs, and her tax laws were so framed as to
develop, to the greatest possible extent, the
resources of the country. Every forge was
lighted, every spindle put in motion, and
every plowshare polished. Her agriculture
has prospered, and labor has found employ-
ment at fair wages, which has given unusual
prosperity to the industrial classes, and they
are to all appearances contented, and they
do not emigrate. The result is, that today,
France stands first among the nations of
Europe, in wealth, influence, power, and
general prosperity, while Germany, with
her "tariff for revenue only” policy, has
I.-axed her agriculture to poverty, depressed
her industrial interests, and the best and
most enterprising portion of her people are
seeking homes with us. Germany sees her
error, and has lately revised some provisions
of her tariff‘ laws, so as to discriminate in
favor of some of the industrial interests, yet
now Consul VVinser writes : “Under the
most. favorable circumstances the agricultur-
ist is taxed wan amount varying from 10 to
if: per cent. of his yearly income. Taking
into at-(-aunt, also the great amount of indi-
rect taxation 'which is levied in Germany
for the support of Lheempire, it will be read-
ily understood that the agricultural popula-
tion is comparatively the worst off, being
burdened by taxation the most heavily."

Of the Russian system, Consul-Ge:-feral
Edwards, of St. Petersburg, says: “The
defect in this Russian tariff’ system consists
in the fact that it is not designed to protect
the interests or bringinto favorable action
the resources of the empire. The leading

object seems to be to increase the revenue

' .r—'r‘|=-".‘(<it'-:,f~f,«‘9‘

use ensues

  

 

without regard to the general prosperi/,q ofi extent ¢~_\'pected by the New York city
, people.

the empire. The pr-iuilcgetl classes revel in
luxury, and the poor izzduslrial claxacx wallow
in their dear-Malian."

A tariff for revenue only must encourage
the importation and use of the products of
other countries in order to have something
to tax, and where the duty is so low upon
any article or product that it can he import-
ed and sold in this country for a less sum
than it can be produced under our system of
well paid labor, its production mint be
abandoncd, however destructive it may be
to the general welfaie.
a high protective tariff, which (.'l‘(‘:l‘.t‘-9 ino-
nopolies, is equally detrimental to the
general welfare. \Vhat we want in this
country, and aim to act-ompli.-ah by our tariff
laws, is to provide revenue, and at the some
time 30 encourage the productive Industries
ofthe country by giving fair and equal pro-
tection to every branch, and rcmunerativc
Wages for labor, as may be lieu,-es.-aar_v to de-
velop every resource of tlie country.

VVOol is one.-of our staple farm pt‘0dll<'i~<_
and sheep hn.-;bandry absolutely nec~essar_v,
in some localities, to enable the farmers to
keep up the fertility of the soil and make
farniing remunerative. The price of wool
in this country has ever been governed by
the tariff, and must be, for the reason that
we cannot produce it as cheaply as it can be
in the warmer countries of South A merica,
Africa, and Australia, where large ranges
furnishing perennial pastures abound, and
there isa supply of cheap labor. The t.1rili' of
187;} was enacted to increase the revenue, so
as to make up for the loss (-aused by the
repeal of the income tax. The effect was to
encourage the importation of foreign wool,
rags and woolen goods to such an extent as
to reduce the price of our domestic wools
below the (‘Orb of production, and nearly
crushed out this industry in this State.
l"lock.=: were sold to the butchers, and in
some instances slaughtered and their car-
carcasses fed to the hogs. Mam1l'ar,-turcrs of
honest woolen goods were also obliged to
stop their Inachinery, and closed their f':l.<:-
tories. Laborers were thrown out of em-
plo_vnn,~nt and became tramps, and f'nr1ncr.-5
could not pay their debts. During the two
years that the tariff was oil’, this country
sent abroad:Sl50,000,00lJ in gold to buy wool,
rags and woolen goods. If this vast sum
could have been saved to the farmers, labor-
ers, and business interests of this country,
it would liavc done much towards bridging
over that terrible financial crisis which
swept all interests into one general vortex
of ruin. Under these circumstances, the
Patrons of Michigan, Ohio, and other wool
growing States, united in petitioning (Pon-
gress for a restoration of the wool tariff, and
it was done. As aresult, the p1'lt'€()f our
wool has been advanced {rain ten to fifteen
cents per pound. And yet, the price which
our Michigan wool now brings, in about ti 2"-
tcen cents per pound less than the average
price which the different grades of our do-
mestic wool brought in this country for a
period of 24:’: years previous to 1.55.1, and the
prescnt price would scarcely cover the cost
of production were it not that the stimulant
which has been given to this imlustry 1.135
created such a demand for sheep to re-stock
the farms of this and other western States,
as to rnakc sheep hnsb:‘.nu'ry agxtlzi remuner-
ativc in Michigan.

Our farmers are more _Ul‘1):up‘:l‘<)tl~l than
lierctofore, and as most oftbc wealth of our
State comes from the soil, when farrners
prosper, every other interest prospers, and
the verdict: which the people of this State
has passed upon our acts in causing a resto-

ration of the wool tarot‘ in iii?-l, differs as’

widely from that of our (.'2xna.dian friend
as light." differs from darkness, or crime from
benefaction.

The price ofan article to the laborer is not
of so much consequence to him as it is to
have the means to purchase it with, and it
is far better for him tofpay a dollar more for
a suit of clothes, ora barrel of flour, if by
that means he is able to obtain two d:iys‘
work where he did one before, and at better
wages.

A little epi-zodo occurred in Congress in
the discussion ofthe “Wood T-nrill'Bill,-"
which forcibly illustrates the e1‘I'ect which
free trade will have upon the labor of this
country. M r. Wood read a letter from lfcssrs.
VVlthington & Co., of this State, stating that
they “ did not ask for any protection to their
business,  they were able to manufacture
and sell their goods as low as the imported
article could be offered.” Mr. Conger arose
and said, that “‘u 'ithington 3; Co. were
prison contractors, and hired their labor of
the State at 40 cents a day, and the Stars
boards them, and asked Mr. \V0od if he de-
sired to reduce the price of the intelligent,
honest laborer of this country, down to a
level with that ofthe prison convict‘? 7'

J. J. VV'0o1>:n.a.‘:.

  

The ‘.’r:msporiai:n Question and the Reagan Bill.

I read with :1 great deal of interest in the
last V151":-<;1: the correspondence of VVortl:y
Master \Voodn1:1n, and the Secretary of the
N. Y. Board of Trade on this subject. Mr.
\Voodman is, I think, clearly right when he
says that the effect of this bill will, if made
into a law, be to protect shippers instead of
producers. From my knowledge of the
railroad methods of doing freight business,
I doubt Whether this Reagan bill will even
prevent the discrimination in rates to the

l
l
l
s
i
l
l
i
9

On the other hand, ,

l
I
l
l
l
l
i
l
l

i
l

'l‘hese dis:.:riznination.- are largely made by
way of rebates, given to favored individual
shippers, and the lion!-(.~I. of the company and
be shipping bills will, perliapz-nshow all fair
on their far.-e. while sonic of thesliippers arc
pocketing: Lll(ll.l.-‘lillfhi of dollars by W8)’ 01'
rebatt--s, at the exp:-n--I: of other sl:llJp+-‘F5
and the producers. \\'ithout the power to
fix the rul.<~:-<. and compel the companies to
keep to them, I doubt whether any law will
do any good in r»-gnlating or reforming the
abuses.

i believe that the l'.uron.- .-nllflllltl continue
to ask for nothing less in this direction than

what the ;\lir~hignn State Grange at lib:
.~’(‘é.4Si¢IIl of 187.‘! asked for, to-wit: That a?

comrni.4..~ion be appointed by ('ongrcs.<, with
power to fix tlicse inter-Slate I‘iii(’.~ on a
basis of the actual cost of I.r2u:.~p:vx‘tatior1.
This will certainly be just and cu_uilnL.le:,
and it .~ecn):- to me will he vn’.lre.l_\' practi-
cable.-. provided that thi.-* coinrnissioti i-
fairly appointed, and not rnudc up in the
illIrl‘:‘:<'IS of the railroad (‘fllIl)Hflll('.*<', us some
of the State ,l:.iilroa<l. t.'omniie-sinus now
arc. A:-1 Patron.-a, we may as-. well make up
our minds-, on it long and i~c\'cl'c strliggle to

; V ‘ V‘ I
followed by a few remarks from the Lectur— ;
er, after which Sister Cory, of Silver Creek, _,

l
l
l
l
l
l
l
z
i
l
s
l
l
l

accomplish this, but we have enter’-.-«.i ll;-6:.

lists for the right. and let us keep per~i~4t-

rntly at our work, until it is well and (‘~r.f'v<*t- -

nnily done. v.

This is the Way the Farmers Begin to Look at ii.

A few (la_y:~' ago I came acro:-,.-. an 4-xten’-ive
and widely-known wheat f'nr1:ier,ot' billia-
vvus.-;r;e Co, on tlivcar.~. He was an :u-<piainl-
ance of olden time, but we had not most
in-fore in many yo.-zlrs.

Our conversation soon lurnc-.l. rm a matter
ofcourse, to farming, and f:‘srme:'.~.' interest 5
and farmers’ 0l’_t!',8l'llZ:ll.lI.)ll:4.

Speaking of the (imiige inmreincnt, he
said he had never belongeai toa Grange, and
he was much prvjudiccrl against the n1o-.'<—-
ment from the start, believing that it Wu.-5
the (-au'~>.e of the great panic of '73; but .-"inn-e
hc had posted hinisclf, by rcznling, he had
found his mistake, and now he belitaved that
the llraiige had done more in awakening the
fa rmer.-4 to the fuel that they liad the power
to 1e<ire;-s.- their own wrong.-4, iflhey would
only act togelh-.:r. than any andfull other
n1oveino_'nt.~4 ever mails in this direction, and
he said he slim.-l-.l join 2: (lrange the first
opportunity. v.

From Bcrrien Counlyihrange i~e.‘ii1...A No. I
Grange.

'i‘h-: nrzmlul rm-v;-ting of the County Grange
was held at B:-rrien Center Grange hall on
the llth and 123111 inst. The weather was
betauiiful and the slcig-‘hing good, so that
the Subordinate Grnngcs were well repre-
sented, and front the !'cp0l‘t.‘-s receivl-xi from
the different firaijge.-s, the (Irder in Bu-1-ieu
County is on 2: firmer l:a_sis.,,,,j:—day than it
ever was before. We have been holding
farmerel institutes at the diflerenl. (,lrnilge
l1:ili.‘~5 iilitnlgllfltli. the «_-.»)u;;-‘,y, and ‘ilmy have
been well attended. tinny questions relat-
lliil.‘ in farm interc.-us were disc-us:-zed by the
lending llumers of the County. 50, brothers
amt] r.-i.=:tcr~,, you may undcr:atnnd lie-rrien
County is alive to the good work of the
up-building of the not,-lc L':lLlr-:6 in which we
have enlisted. A l‘t:‘.ElOl|.i'.ll)l1 was passed at
our County Grange meeting, recommending
each member present to do some n-.ls.-ionary
work for the (1‘RA.\'o'r; \'u=.rr0K. The fol-
lowing persons were elected olliuers of the
Berricn County Gr-.-uigo for the ensuing
year: A. N. Woodrutl', Master, Bninbridge;
J. Clark, .h-V:-cum;-r; VVm. J. .lnl1t:.-o, 2.-iecre-
trry, lierrien (‘onto-3'.

Yours truly,
XV’. J. .Io.\'i-..s~, Sec.

Pomona Grange Meeting.

(fuss County Pomona Grange No. 20, held
their regular meeting in Goodwin's Hall, on
the l:.’Lh of January, at Cassopolis, for the
election of officers, and such other business
as might come before it. The weather being
fair, and sleig-hing good, brought out a full
attendance from all parts of the county. The
meeting was a success in every respect.
.31-vernl visitors wrre in attendance. Bro.
and Sister Hay, of St. Joseph County, Bro.
and Sistel‘ McMureau, of Porter, Bro. nnd
Sister .1-ample, Bro. and Sister Hebron, Bros.
Proudly and Odell and others, being among
the number. The meeting opened at 10 A.
M. The forenoon session was taken up with
business of the Order. At 12 M. the meeting
took a recess of two hours. In a short time
the sisters had a bountiful table spread from
their well filled i,=wll{et.~5, and we did eat and
were filled with the ge.nerou.~a supply spread
before us. Two o'clock came upon us before
we were half ready,howcver. \Vhen the hour
arrived, the meeting ‘-V135 called to order and
pr: :.=ed::rl :1‘. once to {l‘.t". e‘;cctiv)n of officers,
which went off pleasantly, nearly all the
ctllcer-4 being elected on the first ballot,
there being no electioueering or wire-pull-
ing. ’l‘his was a very pleasant feature, and
is one of the best of the many of which the
Urd-:-r can boast; each being satisfied with
the office allotted him, and ready to perform
the duties imposed. Abram Miller was
elected Master, John Barber, Lecturer, and
\Vm. E. Williams, Secretary.

After the election we were favored with a
few remarks of encouragement from the
visiting friends. Our VVorthy Master, '1‘.
Odell, of Porter, gave us an interesting talk,

a

   

Idining hall,

read a well selected essay. The Grange

voted to have the above addresses and essay '

published in the GRANGE Visiron, also the
Democrat and 1'igz'./ant of Cassopolis.
Another recess was then taken to prepare

for the evening session, when the ceremony I
of installation of ofiicers was tolakc place. ‘

At 7 o'clock, the meeting being duly called
to order, lvefore proceeding to the installation
services, we were pleasantly and profitably
entertained by listening to two c:~‘s;,v«-', pro-
pared and read by ljisters .\i<7-ore and litter
son,wbi(.-‘o were very interesting and in-
structive. Bro. it. 5. Dixon then installed
the officers, giving them words of instruc
tion and cncouargemcnt. Our newly in-
stalled \\'orth_v Master Miller niadcn few
appropriate remarks, and the meeting ud-

journed. .l. l’-ARHPIIK, l.cntur»~r
Dedication and Installation.
'l'nmt in-.11-urz. All»-~,_;;m L'o., >
Jun. l‘..':ll, 187.1. )
/)’z'n. 07.5./: .’ ’l‘l'L-Vt'lil‘i<i,s:(‘- (érnnge, X0. ‘_’.’*‘i,

was called to order at ll o'clock, by our
\\'oI'tby Master, who introduced liro. C. 1..
\Vliitney, who proceeded to dedicate our new
hall. After the dedication, Bro. \Vhitney
gave u.-4 a little talk,_just cnougli to get us

ready for dinner. “'65 went below to the-

nnd found three tables the
whole length of the hall, loaded down with
good things prepared by our Sl~t(.‘l'.“.

After dinner, we went up into the hull.
and Bro. \'Vhitney gave us a speech that
done its all good, both those outsil-le and in-
side the gate.

irn. Minckler culled the meeting to order
in the evening, and introduced Bro. :5‘ C.
Foster, w.-vim read a poem, “Uut of the Old
Hall into the New."

Bro. \Vhit.no~y proceeded to install the

.oilicsxr.-a, with Bro. M-:Alpine, of Montcrey

(lmnge, :).::<l-‘Rani. After the installation,
llro. Pu-lden read a poem, the subject the
same as llro. F\)u'ir.l"l-i. Bro. Whitney gave
us the unwritten work. It was received
with intcreszt.

\Vc were glad to see so many visiting
rncn)l.wr.< ,0 we hope that they had a good
time, and we 2-'.‘,t_y, come again.

\‘.'e have about 100 Il1(,‘l.l'lbt-.‘l‘H, and are still
growingg. “'9 have received about eighty
ineuihers during: the past vesr. Bro. .l. J.
‘vVo0dman‘.s' public Inlk, that he gave us one
year ago, w'a.»:. good seed,sown upon good
ground.

Our choir furnished good music for the
occasion.

Wc clmgr.utulute you upon the new dress
of the \'lsl'I‘0R, and we hope it will live and
grow until it will become a weekly \'1.<r'roR
in our liomz-s.

I believe everybody went home satisfied
that they were well paid, and that it was
very good to be u Patron.

G. O. i\il~ZR.P.lA.'lf, Lecturer.

Farm Economy.

‘There are it v;-,rieiy of mixtures which may
be applied to the iron parts of iniplements
to prevent rusting, the cheapest ofwhicli is
grea.-,e that h; s not been salted. An excel-
lent :u't.icle cnn be prepared for the protec-
tion of either steel or iron, by inciting lard
and common resin slowly together and stir-
ring t )0 mixture as it cools. \Vben required
in latrgequatititict-1, makeitin the proportion
of:v.l>out six pounds of lard to two of resin.
If only a small amount is desired, a piece of
YB:-.ill the size of a hen’:-s egg will suiiice for
one pound of lard. 'i"h-is mixture may be
applied with a cloth or any article that will
give a thin coating to the metal surface to
be protected. The resin prevents the lard
from becoming rancid, and the grease ex-
cludes air and moisture. Before applying
this orother protective washes, the machines
should be thoroughly cleaned of dirt or dust;
wipe the bearings, and oil with Castor oil.
Castor oil, by the way, is among the best of
oils for iron axles. A wheel well lubricated
with it, not only turns readily, but wears
much longer than when oiled with cheaper
sorts of grease.

ft is not only economy to look after the
iron and steel portions of tools and machin-
ery, but the woodwork claims attention. At
ternate wetting and drying soon injures any
wood, causing cracking and finally decay.

This may be prevented by the timely and
occasional application of some cheap paint.
When the woodwork from exposure has be-
come cracked, it is adv sed to give it a wash
of crude petroleum previous to an external
coat ofpaiut. Petroleum not only improves
all wooden tools, but is alike valuable for
ru.-tic furniture exposed to the weather. An
occasional coat of this oil improves the color
and renders the article more lasting. Gas
tar is sometimes employed as apaint for
wagon wheels. A correspondent who has
made use ofit in this way, says that it forms
a hard, durable black polish somewhat like
japan on tin ware, and dries in the slimmer
sun on the wood in one day, and on iron in
two days.—Ex:. '

How Our Cities Are Growing.

The cities contained 8,000,000 in 1870 to 11,-
500,000 in 1880. They, therefore, have been
increasing in inhabitants far more rapidly
than the rest of the country. VVhile the
general gain has been only about twenty five
per cent., that in the cities has been about
forty-five per cent.

lfthe cities go on increasing during the
next ten years at the same ratio which the
last ten 3 cars have shown, and the country
as a whole advances in population at the
same rate, we shall find more than 16,000 000
in the cities, to about 48,000,000 or 49,000,000
in the rest of the country.

A like tendency to build up the towns at
the expense of the country appears in the
figures we are obtaining of the German cen-
sus taken late last year. It is a modern ten-
dency. and shall we not call it a modern
evil, likely to have portentious consequen-
ces ‘.‘—New York Sun.

 

ljtn«3tlmul-

l<‘.(v‘.l.lwi:. - -

- M:\STEL

The Need lor More Speakers.

'l‘h.- pressing demand for (,w‘ range speakers
to attend both public and private meetings,
l Bll_2‘g£‘;~[8§l)Lll('. thoughts in relation to supply-
ing: this demand, The Grange Work is at-
lracling more than usual attention this win-
L lcr, -.mI.l thu.-A calls come from all over the
State.

To rnec’. thee-e we must economize both in
. time and money. The traveling expenses of
a spettko,-r are the mine to attend oneinael.
ing as they would be to reach and tlddrefl
: three or four in the -enme vicinity. The time

(')(‘(‘ll[.'l("l in going and coming is the same.
i In ornlcr to liudrnnri our resources and labor
' for tin. i.-Or-[ l".lf‘l‘t‘Si.‘! of the Order, arrange-
I n.cnt.~: .-honld be made for a series or meet-
; ings in the .-1111118 county or vicinity, so that
- the talking Brother can be used three or
‘ four dnysor evenings, with no long stages
bctwl-en the app0lllIlXl£‘lli:i. 'i‘his.~d1ould be
done by (-orrlr-spoii«lcxi<~c- between the
Urzmges.

Applications are made for assistance in
securing speakers and cuznpensnting them
the i-itate Grange

, to some extent, from
‘ treasury.

A inomentfl-<1 reflection will convince us
that the receipts ofthe (lrangc treasury will
not justify the use ofa large amount in this
way, yet. it limited sum (‘all and will be used
to .-aid the work. This can only be done
whore economical arrangements are made.
The strong tiranges, now stronger than
eve1‘,arenvnply able and wizling to take care
of them.~elve.<. The weak ones we will try
hard to make strong.

A siiggestion in regard to the meetings
seem- to be in order. When convenient,
public: incetixigs are advisable. \Ve are often
retnindcd that there is even yet many mis-
taken x1()ti:.u=..~i abroad in regard to the aims
and 0lr_]ect.- of the Order. A good judicious
public meeting line a tendency to remove
tlie.~‘c error.-. of opinion.

\Vhcn the inco-ting is appointed, advertise
it (1.4,-ouru;‘I‘/,9 and ave-ll. Make no mistake in
the dayof the :1/ark, or month, nor in the
/1010‘. Ask your local papzzr to notice it.
Ask the editor or reporter to attend. Talk
about it with your nt.-ighbors, whether they
are members of the U range or not. Get the
young people llll.Pl‘t,‘.-lied. Have some good
lively niua-ic. }la\'0 the house well lighted
and wnrnied, (though not red hot). With
tlicse favor.-ible surroumlings, your meeting
will be u sit:-«_-.e.-::.~, You will all go home
plcasctl. The impression made will be of
lasting benefit.

Tnmzi-: paper.-: for $;'.o0. The GRANGE
Vlslron. Cincinnati /Mange; 11a/.5.-.lin, and
Our Lift./e ('}r«1r2_(/rtrs nll for $2.00 cash.
bfend order to C. L. Whitney, Muskegon,
Micli.

Fall: to six degrees below rem is the
lowest the tlierznonieter has noted at Mus-
kegon, Micliigan, this winter. The influ-
ence of the open water of Lake Michigan
easily account.-1 for this ntiltlness.

The Cliit.-ago «iv \Veet Michigan railroad
has recently purchased the property and
frnnchi.-ses ofthc Gr.-ind Haven railroad, and
the Grand Rapids ti; .\’owaygo railroad and
will assume control of these roads at once.

Al‘ the State Grange a number of names
were taken for pictures of the birth-place of
the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. These
plates have been ordered, but so far we have
been unable to get them, but hope none will
get discouraged, as in case of failure we
will return the money to each person pay.
inz it.

Lame and Lazy-—A Fab|e_

Two beggars, Lame and Lazy, were in
want of bread. One leaned on his crutch
the other reclined on his couch. '

Lame called on Charity and humbly asked
for a cracker. Instead of a cracker he 19.
ceived a loaf.

Lazy, seeing the gift of Cbarity,c-xclalmed.
“ What, a cracker, and receive a loaf! Well,
I will ask for a lions.”

Laz now app is to Chartit and
for a lgiaf of bread. y' asked

“ Your demanding a loaf,” said Char-it
“ proves you are a loafer. You are 0f mag
class and character who ask and receive
not: you a~k amiss.”

Lazy, who always found fault and had
rather whine than work, complained of in.
treatment, and even accused Charity of a
breach of an exceeding great and precious
promise. “Ask and ye shall receive,

Charity pointed him to the painting in
her room, which presented to his vision
three personages, Faith. Hope and Charity.
Charity appeared larger and fairer than her
sisters. He noticed that her right hand
held a. pot of honey; this fed a bee disabled
having lost its wings. Her left hand waé
armed with a whip, which kept off the
drones.

“I)on‘t understand it,” said Lazy.

Charity replied, “ It means that Chariy
feeds the lame and flogs the lazy.”

Lazy turned to go.

“Stop! ” said Cnairity. “ Instead of coin
I will give you counsel. Don’t go and live
on your poor mother, for I will send you
to a rich ant.”

“Rich aunt?” echoed Lazy, “ Vvhere
shall I find her?”

“You will find her in Proverbs, sixth
chapter and sixth verse.”

Moral :-—Instead of waiting and wishing
a rich uncle to die. go and see how a rich
ant lives.

  

<'&,_,_,,_,’ _,_,;u<.au-...~....-:r.-:v.~:==«~.-a mt.  »

’I“"Sll(,L .-.~

- -<~ ‘ ».e.t.»..w.«iv.,. 


i

  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  

.-«..-. v...-

    
   
    
     
   
   
    
  
   
   
   
  
    

griiiltiiiiil-l

 

A WOMAN'S CONCLUSIONS.

l:‘f l‘HIl~IIiE 4"AB\'.

I said if I might go back again _

In the very hour and place of my birth:
Might have my life whatever I chose,
And live it in any part of the earth.

Fiat perfect sunshine into my sky,
Banish {ha shadow of sorrow and doubt,
Have all my happiness multiplied,
And all my suffering stricken out:

If I could have known in the years that are gone,
The best that a woman coincs to know 2

Could have had whatever will make her blest,

or whatever she thinks will make her so ;

Have found the highest and purest bliss
That the bridal wreath and ring inclose,
And gained the one out of all the world
That my heart as well as my reason chose ;

And if this had been, and I stood to-night
By my children lying asleep in their beds,
And could count in my prayers for a rosary.
The shining row of golden heads ‘

Yea, I said. if it miracle such as this
Could be wrought for me at my bidding, still
I would choose to have my past as it is,

And lct my future come its it will I

I would not nuke the path I have trod,

More pleasant or even ; more straight or wide 2
Nor change my course the breadth of a. hair,
This way or that, to either side.

My past is mine, and I take it all ;

Its weakness, ifs folly-—if you please ;
Nay, even my sins, if you come to that,
May have been my helps, not hindrances :

If I saved my body from the flames
Because that once I had burned my hand,
Ur kept myself from a greater sin

"By doing a less -—you will unilcrstnnd ;

It was better I suffered a little pain,
Better I sinned for a little time,

If the i-matting held me back from death.
And the sting of sin withheld from crime.

\Vho knows its strength, by trial, will know
\Vhat ‘strength must be set against a sin,

And how temptation is overcome,

He has learned who has felt its power within,

And who knows how a life at last may show,
\Vhy, look at the mom from where we stand 3
l Ipaque, uneven, you say ; yet it shines :

A luminous sphere, complete and grand.

So let my past stand,just as it stands,
And let me now, as I may, grow old:
I am what I am, and my life for me

Is the best—or it had not been, I hold.

The Agricultural College.

By an act of Congress approved July zld,
iv-:3, there was donated to each State, public
lands to the amount of 30,000 acres for each
of its Senators and Iiepresentatives in Con-
gress. for the endowment, support, and
maintenance of at least one College, where
ihe leading object shall be, without exclud-
ing the scientific and classic studies, and ;
in«.-luding military tactics, to teach such ‘
I-ranclies of’ learning as are related to agri-
cufture and the mechanic arts.

The Legislature accepted this grant, and
b».--towed itupon the A gricultural College.

The College was opened to students in
I\la_v. 1857, with appropriate exercises, Mich-
igan thus taking the lead of all the States in
e.-mlilishing an Agricultural College. By
tl*.-.- provision of the Legislature, this insti-
t:iti'on has received :'.’.‘—l:'i,i’i7Ll acres of land.
’I‘hese lands have been placed in market.
and >4!‘-,l:.’l acres have been sold, giving a-‘
funal of $275,104, the interest of which, at
seven per cent, is applied to the support of
the College.

The College farm consists ot 671% acres, 190
of which are under cultivation, and 110 in
woodland pasture.

There are kept upon the farm cattle of the
following breeds: Shorthorn, Hereford,
lievon, Ayrshire, Galloway, and Jersey.
sheep: Southdowii, Cotswold, Spanish
}'Ierino,and Blai-k-faced Highland. Swine:
I-lssex, Sufiblk, B:l'kis'llll‘€, and Poland,
tjhina. There is also an apiary with
specimens of llalizni and German bees.

The College is located on the banks of the
Red Cedar river, about three miles. from
Lansing, by Michigan avenue.

The first building we reach, after passing
the dwellings of the president, secretary,
and professors at the left, is College Hall
541x100 feet. The chapel and library are on
the first fioor, class rooms, and officcs of the
president. and secretary occupy the second
floor; the museums, zoological laboratory,
and class room for zoology and botany, the
third floor.

in the general museum, there are pre-
served specimens of mammals and birds of
the State, reptiles, and collections of shells
and insects, skeletons of man and the lower
animals, fossils from all the groups of rocks,
etc. Here is a manakin, made by Auroux of
Germany.

Here we also found a noble specimen of‘

our liberty bird, shot in Berrien County,
looking grand and majestic, as though
watching a nation's fate.

There is also a museum of mechanical
inventions, which contains 23,000 models
from the patent office, illustrating most of
the industrial arts, especially agriculture,
manufactures and engineering-

A little to the right, and further east,
is \Villiams' Hall, of three stories and a
basement, with a Mansard roof and tower,
and is heated by steam. This is the largest
of all the College buildings, being lliixllfi
feet in size. It contains the dining hall,
kitchen, stewards’ rooms, public parlor,
rooms for eighty students, and society
rooms.

still further to the right, and a little west,
is Vvells’ Hall 50x1-30 feet, three stories in

can

@ B? -A1.-NW

7j7E§Efll©Ra.i

 height, with a drill room and armory in the , 81110113 the 803611663. and lhe dlgnifyiflg ‘if ,

§ basement.
laccommodaiion of
fiheated by stearn.

students.

laboratory, -'i0xl5o feet, of one story and

This building is mainly for the mallllal labor-

I think it would be well

It is also , for all Patrons who visit Lansing, and can
1,)“-ec-ll)» ¢,pp,,;.-,li;e “'11. ‘, possibly spare the time, lo Visit the College,
llama’ Hall on the west is the chemical i and I hope any who go may be so exceed- -

 tl‘gl'k tlis:
ingly fortunate as to obtain the president as . mm? “H” ' e I

-basement, and ,0 me this was the most ' a guide, for he seems the embodiment o
‘attractive spot of all——tlie place where the I-tenialily and killdliefis land 1 h‘-We ll‘-‘Mil

' wonders of nature are unfolded to the mind,
Here we found a spectroscope, also a tiny

iinstrument enclosed in a glass globe, used
to demonstrate that light will pro-.lui-c mo
tion.

but sweetest and fairest of all is the green

——almost. Here among the hundreds of plants

every size and hue, a century plant, ferns,
and tropical plants, bananas, and other
curiosities, in this frozen land of ours.

Two hundred and lliirty-two students were
in the College last year, including resident
l graduates and specials. A son of one of the
ltliirty senators of Japan came to this
lcountry to study agriculture, and sclc-rtcd
this as his Alma Mater.

l

l inology, history and lioglisli

l botany and horticulture, matlieiiiatim and

philosophy and logic.

. The students have organized several
' literary societies, also a military company,
known as the College Cadets, Willi a regular
drill twice a week.

The College Christian l‘nion hasalibrary,
land maintains a weekly prayer meeting
and a Sunday school. Students are required
by the faculty to attend morning prayers
and public worship on the Sabbath in the
chapel. The College is, in fact, a little
world by itself—— its aims are high, its iiiflu-
ence good.

The grounds are beautifully laid out in
drives, walks, flower plats, etc. Nature and
art are here combined in pleasing variety.

The students are paid eight cents an hour,
three hours a day, for work on thefarni and
garden, if faithfully performed. They have
already laid three miles of tile drain, and
the most of the labor on the farm is done by
the students, and is carried on under the
direction of the professor, ora foreman ap-
pointed from among the uumberof students.
This labor is planned, in amcasure, to illus-
trate the lectures and instruction received in
the class l'0()lll.\‘

l

Many regarded its teachings as a luckless
experiment, believing, or at lca:-it saying,
that practical and scientific agriculture
could not be combined, while otliers, whose
especial pet. was the l'niver:<ity, regarded it
as a sort of rival. The College was placed
in the woods and swamps near Lansing,
expecting it would die there, but through
the indomitable perseverance and undis-
putcd skill of the president and professors,
and the earnest support of a few faithful
friends, it has overcome all obstacles, and is
destined to be the pride of our State.

There now hangs in College Hall a pl1oto-
grap of the hall and surroundings taken in
114,37, where the surroundings are stumps,
and stumps only. The president said when
he first came there, he could stand in one
place and throw stones into three tamarack
stumps, but through the labor of the stu-
dents. “ the wilderness has been made to
bud and blossom as the rose,” and I know
of no place where our boys and girls could
spend four years of their lives with greater
profit and pleasure, and I hope the time
may not be far distant when that august
body, the Legislature, may grant to the peo-
ple of Michigan their request, that a dorm-
itory be built for the accommodation of our
daughters at the College.

The idea 'of the admission of girls to
agricultural S(£l]00lSlS not entirely anovel
one. France has several such schools. One
of the chief is near Rouen, which is said to
have three hundred girls in the establish-
ment, and to be worth $1i'u3,(‘l00. More than
one medal of the French agricultural soci-
ety has been awarded to the school at Da-
rinetel.

But aside from the study of agriculture,
of which our sex is sadly ignorant, much of
the course in our College is just as useful in
everyday life to our daughters as to our sons,
and among the most important is the
knowledge of Chemistry. The air we
breathe, the coal we burn, the food we eat,
yes, we ourselves, are but a chemical com-
pound, subject to certain laws; and I well
remember with what wonder and awe, al-
most reverence, I received the lessons in
chemistry, in my younger days, while at
school in Chicago, and were it not for house-
hold cares, it would be a pleasure now to
dig deep into its mysteries.

The College needs a larger chemical labor-
atory, and since the interest on the money
received from the sale of lands will help to
pay the current expenses, it is but reason-
able tbat appropriations should be made in
favor of the College. The Legislature is
but a created power, the people of the State
have it in their power to create a legislature,
which shall give agriculture its due share of
legislative favor.

The objects of the College and Grange are
one and identical, viz. : the raising of agri-
culture to its proper place and sphere

Then there is the botanical laboratory _al1d "0l0TS Of MiCllig=lU- ,
71x,-,-_3 fee”),-erlogklng me holanlcgil ganlens; 4 this State and Nation stalld by and look on, i

_ , 1 parent or teacher who will have anything of
but, mind on we are not llllllliel‘€SlC‘(l,‘
) .

, _ _ : the kind to occur under his jurisdiction
house,which, toa lover ofllowers, is paradise l lmtlt‘-'~'='. Spectators: and to you we ofler flu.-

.3

The regular course is four years‘ study in T
ghemigtery, zoology, pliysiolo,c_v_v, and e-nlo-:
literature, ;

i

that one among the many reasons why he
W'ZiSl.3ll0.'<‘€I] to his position was that “he
never got niad.”i

The Agricultural College is ours, it be-
longs lo us, or rather to you, the ,lnx payers
The women of

word of caution : See to it that the noble

and tjowers we found Canjeliag in full bloom, institutions of our State suffer not through
white and pure asan angel of light, roses of your neglect, but cherish and protect them,

J and thus from them and the halls of learn-

ing in our sister States may shine forth the mmm. with 1.9,“ or imaginary danger one

light of truth and wisdom. which shall
: serve as a beacon light to guide our ship of
[State through safe waters to the tics-ireil
; haven of peace and prosperity.
Mrs. \V. K. Sl«2.\“l'()_\'.

Howell, Mich.

Fashion.
Fasliion, fickle g0(lile.~lS. has many, very
many votaries; in fact there are but few

, people in the world, Wllt‘lllt‘l‘ they will ad-
engineering, practical agriculture, mental?

init it or not, but are more or less under her
sway, and it is right and proper that they
should be to a certain extent. It is
only where she holds unlimited power, and
her followers do not consult common sense,
that her imindates make one appear ridicu-
ions, or at least foolish.

\Ve believe every one should so far con-
form to fashion as not to make themselves
conspicuous by adopting a dress entirely out
of date, and we also believe it is the height of
folly to be such a slave to her requirements
as not to be governed in some measure by
what is becoming to our particular style.

Forinstance: I remember when llounces
were very much worn. One hot day in
August, I saw a woman, who was “fair, fat
and forty,” dressed in a crimson and black
velvet, with deep ilounces. You can
imagine how appropriate the dress seemed,

; as she weighed about two hundred, and was

The College has had much to overcome. i

not more than five feet in height. Flounces
were the fashion, so of course she must wear
them. A tall, slight person can wear and
look well in a dress that would make a

; short and fleshy person look really dowdy-
; lSll. If we would make our dress, as a whole,

conform to our individuality, then indeed
would we dress in good taste.

Farmers’ wives, as a rule, are not “mar-
tyrs to fashion," but there are too many of
them very unwise in tucking, milling, and
puffing their garments, as much as they do.
The seiviiigmacliinc as used by most women,
has hardly been a blessing, but rather a
curse, that achjgg backs and nervous head-
aches cry out against. If by its help we
only make our garments as plainly as before
its in vention, then indeed it gives us more
time for recreation, but nine out of ten
women cannot resist the temptation to make
just as many tucks or ruffles (and even
tuck the ruffles) as Mrs. Sound-so has.
Even when the garment is completed, the
labor has only just begun, for it takes more
time and inuscletofiron, pull‘, and bias tucks,
ruliles, and straight tucks, and do them well,
than anything plain, and unless great pains
is taken they certainly do not look as well as
a plain article. Most women acknowledge
this, but still cling to the extra work, because
it is the fashion.

Once in a while something really comfort-
able is all the rage, and every one is delight-
ed that the fashions are so sensible—~as the
cloaks and hoods of to-day are——but when
you confront them with that most senseless
and ridiculous fashion called “bangs,” lan-
guage is feeble indeed to express the con-
tempt one feels that sensible women will
make themselves so hideous. if our Heav-
enly Father had created them with no fore-
head, would they ever have ceased to mourn
and lament over the mysterious ways of
Providence.

\Vhen we remember that these fashions
originate among the demi monde of Paris, it
is passing strange that American women
will so far forget their dignity as to copy
after that class. V\"e surely have among our
own artists talent enough to bring out a va-
riety of becoming costumes suited to every
style of person, without copying foreigners.

Are the men ever guilty of being slaves to
fashion '3 Oh, yes! Can you not remember
when they wore stub-toed boots, and went
crippling around with corns and bunions in
consequence '3 They are generally rather
more sensible than their wives and sisters,
but it is because the fashions for them are
more sensible. There are but few who will
buy a coat because it is comfortable, if it has
not the right out.

Something more than twenty years ago
the pantaloons were worn so tight that a
man looked as though he was put into them
when a boy, and had grown to fill them; in
a few years they were like bags, and every-
body must have them as the fashion called
for. It is really wonderful how soon hats
and boots got to be uncomfortable when
they are unfashionable, and upon the other
hand, how much discomfort the Beaux
Brummels of to-day will endure in order to
be dressed as a “man of fashion.”

CHLOE.

l
i

 

Don't Frighten the Little Ones.

Some foolish parents are in the habit of

telling lies to small children to keep them 5
‘ out of mischief.

How often do we hear
“’I‘ointny, don't go up
stairs, tliere’.-i a bear in a box up there, he'll

‘ bite you," or “'I‘here‘saghost in the closet.”

An imaginative child can he seriously
harmed if not ruined for life, by being fright-

ened by some thoughtless companion; Some 3
children delight to torture the younger oi“
weaker ones by scaring them with made up »
, bugaboos.

Such cruelty is ten times worse-
than any bodily injury they can in ilict. Any

without severe punishment is totally unfit-
ted for the trust committed to his care.
Some believe in the hardening process.
Now there is no such thing as “hardening"
timid, nervous babies by making them fu-

of this sort ofcliildren was lately taken for
the first time info a saw mill. He was four
years old, and we thought the sight would
llll.ef'.H~ll. him, but instead, when it started up
the dreadful noise of the machinery, the hiss
of the escaping stcnin, were to him the
cll‘orI.~4 of soine terrible monster that would
kill. Hcwas taken away as once, but not
before l)(-j't‘()lI1lL]g lmdly frightened; and since,
when brought within scverul rods of that
mill, he cried, trembled and tried to
run away; and nfiervrard, for a long time,
could talk of nothing buttlie awful engine,
and in the niglitl saw him shiver in his
sleep, and crowd his head under the bed-
clothes, doubtless haunted by the terror in
his dreams.

Friglitcn a child once and he will be like I
a skittish colt. no reason will guide it, but it '

must shy and run at every stub by the road-
side. That, to it, is a wild beast ready to
devour. Continue the scaring, and the
child will be fit only for the lunatic asylum,
or refuge for idiots.

It is a fact that our most naturally bright
children, are ratlierdelicate, aI1d_witli active
imaginations. Too much care cannot be
taken with their bringing up. They are so

created that they enjoy keenly or suffer,

much. They are high strung, and are, in
consequence, more liable to break than
duller natures. To be intemperate in their
games, and in their studies is to care too
little for the wants of the body. They study
far into the night to gain the prizes at our
schools. They see what others cunnotsee.
(ln thejwliole, such a temperament as we
describe is more to be desired than one of
the lazy, unambitious sort. llut it has its
perils. \Vhen one has such a child under
his care, he has truly great responsibility.
How not to make a Molly Coddle of him by
injudicious petting, and yet exercise a wise
and loving system of indulgence, is the
problem. He needs holding back——l1e needs
watching. He needs to beenoouraged in all
pure and lofty instincts. He don’t need to
be lied to or frightened to be made to mind.

Do parents generally know that it is as
much a sin, aye, more, to lie to a child, as it
is to tell a deliberate falsehood to a neighbor
or to a friend 1‘ E. M. v.

Love of Truth.

An essay read before the Ypsilanti Grange
by the Assistant Lecturer for December,
1880 :

An old Englisn writer has described the
friends of truth as searching to and fro in
the earth for the scattered fragments ofa once
perfect form, and as seeking in vain to unite
them in their original beauty. And when
the great want of love fortruth in all classes
is considered, and so few her earnest and
devoted friends, we must cease to wonder
that their efforts were attended with so little
success. {In the little beginnings of the
child’s first lessons, and in all the character-
istics of life, as he passes onward and up-
ward through all the changes of childhood
to manhood, and then on and on to old age,
there is none so marked as the truthful word.
Life has its many changes, but through all
this love of truth should be our standard
and our aim. It is the want of love for
truth that complicates all the relations of
man to man, and makes the restraint of
law indispensable. The inward conscious-
ness that each one has that he does not love
the truth for truth’s sake, but that he must
disregard its sacred precept were a very
tempting motive presented, renders him
suspicious of his fellow men, and unable
to place that trust and confidence in him,
which should exist between those who are
by the common bond of humanity, brothers.

It is said, “Truth is not only a man’s
ornament out his instrument. It is the
great man’s glory, and the poor man’s
stock. A man's truth is his livelihood, his
recommendation, his letter of credit.”

That all respect for truth has not left man
is evident from the fact that public senti-
ment is in favor of the truthful man. Aris-
totle’s maxiin’s was, " That a. brave man is
clear in his discourse and keeps close to
truth; Plutariche calls lying “ the vice of
the slave.” Man still thirsts after truth,
though he has violated the obligation and
left the very fountain of it. VVhat he lacks
himself, he looks for in others; but when
he finds it sadly wanting there also, his
contempt and even hatred is excited. I
cannot tnink these public violations of
truth, although so low, the most dangerous
or harmful. An open enemy is far better

l<‘l£lllll'A RY lsr. 1881.

5 than a secret friend. Malicious and decep-
 tive acts are to be expected from an enemy,
3 but it is when we are wounded in the house
, of a friend that the most incurable wound
is inflicted. lt is the false dealingof each
man with his neighber and friend, arising
from sellisliness rather than hatred, which
is to be feared. it is the softly spoken lie,
the amiable fallacy. the patriotic lie of the
, historian, the prudent lie of the politician,

- the zealous lie of the partizan, the merciful

lie of the friend, ane the cai'cl<-.~.~* lie of each
, one to himself, that cast sucli :1 gloom and

dark mystery over humanity. ii would be
very difficult to determine why there is in
man such an aversion to the truth. Self-
interest cannot lie solely at the lnlsis fora
. . ‘ ‘ 7
lie is often to no advantage to the person
l . 7
3 and yet he will not scruplc to use it. It is
ltruly said, “there is nothing inherent in

our natures, in their original purity as

9
moulded by the hand of (jod, but that it is
something acquired, learned probably from
him who is called the “ Father of l.ies,>i
who paved the way when he littered that
first and fl.ilh‘t‘.‘lI of all deceptions " Thou
‘ v
shalt not surely die.“ A deep, earliest love
for truth would not only siinplifv inan’s
“‘l“”‘’“ W mi!-U. but turn away hll false
(Jpil]lOll.~' and self-estiiiiates which men form
of tliemsclves. llow much sell‘ conceit, and
pride would be stripped from some were
they to behold tlieinselvcs just once by the
liglit of truth. Then would cvcryone take
the po.-iition for which lie is fitted then
I
would men enjoy self-comniuiiion peace of
. I i

con.-'cience, and would never arrive at that
state where man is said to be 11 total stranger
to himself because his self-love will not
allow the voice oftruth to be heard when
, there is any conflict bctwcen them,
Lord Bacon says,

I
i
l
l
l
l
i

“It is heaven on earth
. . . 1 - _ - . ,
tolnuea man is mind move in charity, rest in

l’rovidencc, and turn upon the poles of
truth." It is commendable to aim high

but see that your aspirations spring froni
pure principles, else they are apt to lead
to impure results. Love the truth, admire
perfection, because it is the truth,
is (_-‘od-like to be perfect in truth.

because it
i.. I‘.

What Shall We do with Our Girls’!

This has ever been and still remains a
diliicult problem for solution. in more re-
mote ages of the past, and in countries less
favored than ours, woman has ever been
regarded as a necessary evil, and various
devices have been resorted to by which the
evil may be lesseiied. The most prominent
of lliese has been infanticide, or the destruc-
(ion of the precious life at its birth, with
the “survival of the fittest." The ability
of the parents to support and maintain
these useless girls being the most important
coiisiileralioii that determined their clinnccs
for life. In other instances they have only
been saved from infanlicidc from purely
mei'(_-cnury COLL‘-'l(lel'zili()llS, and arriving at a
suitable age, have been put into the market
as vassals or slaves, and sold for purposes of
prostitution. In China and India, two of the
most populous portions of the globe, the con-
dition of women is the most servile and
abject at tliepresent time. ()f the six thous-
and Chinese women who have come to
AlIl€I‘l(,':t. within a few years, five thousand
of them have come as slaves, or were pur-
chased for a price and brought over by mer-
chants and tradesmen for evil purposes.
\Vl1u.t astartling coinnientary upon the mor-
sis of a nation professing the highest regard
for purity of national cliaractor! The only
hope for woman is found in our Christian
civilization. \-Vhercver the Hospcl has gone,
with its humane and elevating influence,
woman is accorded the highest rank and
position. Yet in the coiintries possessing
the highest Christian civilization, much re-
mains to be done before woman can be said
to be man's equal before the law.

Socially, woman is man's equal, if not
indeed his superior. She both enacts and
enforces the rules of £'ti(lll(‘ItD, for the gov-
ernmcnt of society—-here licr influence is
supreme.

l<Iducutionully, she has less. cause of coin-
plaint than formerly. The tardy doors of
our colleges and universities have recently
opened to her long and earnest entreaties
for admission, and she fins entered the equal
of our boys, and is girding lierself for the
race of life.

Professioiially, she is deiniinding recogni-
tion; with what siiccess the future must
develop. She has assumed independence
of public sentiment, and has made her
debut in our courts of justice. She is push-
ing her way into all the learned professions,
demanding equality of place and position.
Will the learned gentlemen, who for ages
have held undisputed control, politely bow
her admission as a co-laborer to these here-
tofore closed avenues, or will they dispute
her right to enter as a competitor in these
higher departments of professional life.

Politically, woman is disfrancbised with
no rights in law, except to obey its man-
dates, and yield submission to its require-
ments. That many of the laws are equit-
able and just in their application to women
is conceded, and gives no just cause of coin-
plaint; others are oppressive and burden-
some. Among them I can only specify that
known provision of law, which upon the
death of her husband, takes the children
from her natural and maternal care, and
places them in the hands of others—an out-
rage upon the purest affections of a mother's
heart. However just the laws may be in

‘in

3
i
E

"&..."~. ,

 
 

  
  

‘K ,.

  


l
l
5

 

opportunities of usefulness will be open;

FEBR UAR Y ls'r, 1851.

their application to woman, is it not unjus l
to make her the subject of law, and give her 5
no influence in making the laws, by which
she is to be governed. She may be tried for
crime, condemned, and executed, with no
voice in determining who sl all constitute her
jury,judge, orexecutioner. I submit whether
this discrimination against women is not
injustice, and a blot upon our Christian
civilization. 3

However much may have been done to
ameliorate the condition of women in the
past, the work is still incomplete. ()ur girls
are pressing to the front, and more perfect
equality must be awarded them. They are P
now by thousands in our colleges and uni- l
versitics, outstripping, in many instances,,?
their more privileged brothers, determined f
not to be outdone in the thoroughness ofl
their preparations to enter the depart- f
ments and highest walks of life. The
ballot, that powerful instrument in a
Republican form of government. is soon
to be at her disposal, the time cannot
be much longer delayed. \\'ith it, new

before her, and a higher Christian civiliza.- 
tion will be secured, not only to her, but to 
our Nation. it is this important factor that 5
is now only wanting to perfect our political 
economy. ,
\Velt-nine the time when wonian’s inllu. :
ence, politically as well as socially, shall?
more perfectly unite to elevate and (purify 
society in all its forms. \Vhen no place or 5
position which she is qualitied to fill shall 
be denied her. ‘Woman in the l’residential
chair of the ,\'ation, presiding in our courts
of justice, in our halls of (fongress and the
Legislature, are among the thingswhii-h the
future may bring to bless our children. Let
us open the door to her advent, and ind her
welcome. 5. 5‘.
Manton, January :10.

OUR GRANGE.

‘nun FOl.IO\'u'I!\tl roux was R1-2.-in .t'r nu-2 lIl:LI>IL"All'.).\'
or 'ri:ov. l:RIDvlI-‘. I)R.\NtiIl, No. '_’‘.!u, in’ )llL'i0.\‘
Ill-1I.1)E.\'.

\Vhen man from the tiartlen of Eden was lurm-<i,
For eating an apple he never had earned,

And bade in the forest his living to gain,
By tending his flocks and raising his grain;

He thought it was hard he must live on his own,
And only reap fields by his industry sown.

For the manilate seemed haixsli to those parents of l
ours,
To leave their fair home with its fruits and its
flowers,
And live in a country so wild to their view,
Where the thorn and the thistle spontaneously
grew, .
A in] their living could only be wrung from the soil
By waiting in patience, and every day toil.

But as time rolled along, our fathers soon learned
The forest to level, the soil to upturn. ’

Where the thorn and the thistle in luxury grew, 1
The orchard and meadow soon sprang into view.

And civilized men were not slow to discern, ,
The curse to a blessing by industry turned. 

Broad cities soon rose on the hillside and plain, 1
And their harvest iields waved with the brighti
golden grain. |
And the broad wings of commerce, were spread to I
the gale,
And our seas dotted o'er with the white gleaming
sail.
The produce of all countries was brought to thicr 
hands, i
And they lived on the luxuries grown in all lands.

x
K
i

But like bees in a hive, there were drones in the
camp,
The lawyer, the doctor. the priest and the tramp.
Though they dressed themselves tine, honest labor
they spurned,
And they lived on the fruit which the toilers had
earned,
And they cared very little how others might fare,
If they, without toiling, might gain a large share,

And they often came down like a wolf on the fold,
And swarmed like the locusts, in Egypt, of old,

The fruit of the toiier, they took as their own,
And gathered the harvest, by industry sown;

Till the farmers concluded that there was no use
To endure any longer, their reckless abuse.

In our Capitol City, a project was planned,
To drive all the vagabonds out of our land.
The time was propitious, and proper the place,
And wisdom and folly met there and embraced.
And the scheme they concocted, both simple and
grand,
Soon spread o‘er the length and the breadth of our
land.

As the wave rolled westward, it soon reached our
town.
We heard of its doings, its glorious renown,
And wishing to know all its mysteries strange,
We soon held ameeting and formed in a Grange;n
Elected our leaders, and spread our broad sail,
And trusted our barque to the ocean and gale.

We have rode the fierce goat, we have climbed the
greased pole;
We are all of us Grangers, both ‘body and soul.
Our degrees we have taken, the best that we could;
Its nonsense endured for the sake of its good.
And we ought to be sailing upon a smooth sea,
Until we have taken our final degree.

Our Grange has been prospered in numbers and pelf,

As we gathered our members, we gathered their
wealth,

Till our pockets with money were like to run o’er.
And we counted our dollars by hundreds or more,

And, in order to finda. good place for it all,
We finally concluded to build as a hall.

As our numbers were many, and fast growing more,
The hall for our meeting was like to run o’er.
To accommodate all of the vast coming throng,
We must. build as a. nice hall, both wide and long.
In me spring all seemed lovely, but we found in the

j, I don't get lonesome.
. letters to my cousins, but this is my first let-
, ter to an editor. You inust;not laugh at this.

fall,

That asniail sum of cash would scarce build a
large ball,

But as age smooths our errors, the time ma_v soon
come,

\Vlicn our ball will be paid for, and we have a free
home.

And oft may we meet here in friendship and peace,

And as we grow in years, may our wisdom increase 5

And o'er our new home may the olive branch wave,
When its Patrons and builders are laid in the grave

When the Great Master calls us in accents of love,
From the fields of the earth to the gardens above :
May each Patron be there, and again form a band
On the beautiful shores of the bright summer land.
Anti the warm liaiid of friendship be clasp:-(i with
delight,
In a land where they know neither sorrow nor
night.

‘fill

lluuttlgs’ gmratgtiiteztt. I
“p I 7

“ Uncle Nine " Hears From His Young Friends.

l“I-1.\'WI(‘l{, Mich. Jan. 16, ISHI.
Dear Urtcle :—I will tell you what i think
about those letters you spoke about for the
children in the Visrron.
be a good thing, especially for the children.

I know I would like it very well myself. I .
n will try to write some letters t'or the paper.

Good by, Yours truly,
KIRK lC\'A.\:s.
l’. S.~I will semi you one of m_v cards
for you to rernemlier me by.
Rtnlflu, Micli., Jail. ltl, lsnl.
U/u-In -\'/m-'.-~—l am only a little girl, too
young to belong to the Grange, but Pa and
Ma are members and take the \'1si'rmt. I
am real glad that you are going to have a
column for us little folks, and I hope you

will have all the letters you will want to‘

print. I think they will be just nice read-

.’ lug. I liked your letter very much, but
‘ wondered why you went on to tell us about
, the bridge over the Ohio when you began to
' tell us about yourself.
 asgood natured as Mr. \\'liitney, the only big

I wonderif you look

tlrauger l have ever seen. I have not been

‘ well enough to go to school this winter, but ‘
 as I have all the books and papers I can read, l

and just tbejoliitst baby sister to play with,
Sometimes I write

Josii-2 L. h_‘co'i"i‘.
[VVe know by this letter that Josie lives in
a real Grange family, and is happy. \Vrite
again, and may be sometime you can have a
visit with i'ncle Nina]
\'i;R.\to.\"rv1i.i.i«‘.. Eaton (}o., l\Id., l_
January 18, 1881. l
.I)car Uncle Nine .-—I see you speak of giv-

ling as children a column in the GRANGE

VISITOR. Pa and Ma belong to the Grange.
They think that all good farmers should be-
long. lam very much interested in the
Grange. I have taken the Little Granger
the past year and Ibecame very much
interested in some of the correspondents
from Michigan. I hope I shall hear from

1 them through the VISITOR. \Vhen I write

again will tell you about my pets.
CIIARLEY NV. Ei.i.swoi<'rii.
UA1\'N0l\'SBUR(&1I, Jun. 15, 1.981.
Dear Uncle Nine .-—I am a little boy nine

’ ye ars old, so thought I would write to Uncle

Nine. I live in the State of Michigan, on
the bank of Bostwick Lake. \Ve have got
two hundreds acres of land, one hundred
and fifty sheep, four horses, five cows, and
two little calves; one of them is just two
days old. I have a cat, and had a little dog,
but he got poisoned last summer; his name
was Tip. The best way I can think of to
get across the river without disturbing the
passing vessels would be to swim across.
\Vell, I guess I can’t think of any more to
write this time. Yours truly,
HAi<Lii-_‘ DA\'Ii£S.

Uncle ..\"ine.-—You ask some of the young
folks to write to you, so I thought I would
try. You spoke of the children at home; I
think they ought to be thought of once in a
while. I often wonder if our fathers and
mothers ever think of us when they are at
the Grange, and we are staying at home
alone. I have two little brothers younger
than I, so while Pa and Ma are gone to the
Grange. I take care of them, for I do not
belong to the Grange. I attended a public
meeting not long since, and enjoyed it very
much. At first when I went into the hall,
I felt like a cat in a strange garret, but I had
not;been there long before I saw several
familiar faces, and it was not long before I
felt quite at home with the Grangers. I
wish they would have every meeting public
so I could go every Saturday. But I hope
soon to belong to the Grange, so that I can
go and be welcomed there with the rest at
every meeting. I do not know of any
bridge like the one you spoke of, only the
one across the Niagara river, and would be
very glad to find out more about them. I
will not write a very long letter this time,
for fear Bro. J. T. Cobb will think our letters
are not worthy of being printed, and that
they will be thrown away, but if this proves
asuccess, I will try again. For our motto
should always be, "try, try again.”

Jan. 16, 1881. ADA-

ROYALTON, Berrien Co., Jan. 15, 1880.
Uncle Nine .-—I now sit down to write to

EH3 Q3-5*?i~4ll%“E ‘MS

I think it would -

you. It is snowing {to-day. I went to
a Grange Institute at Stevensville yesterday,
‘ and had a splendid time. I am almost eight
years old. My name is Iilizabeth, but they I
always call me LIZZl1vIRUl1.\.l>{li,~.'.
CHl«.‘SANl.\'(i, Jan. 23, 15.81.
Dear l’/zcle Nine.-—I saw a letter from
Hattie Cole in the \'isi'ron, and she asked 3
_ if anyone could tell which tunnel was the
,longest. I think the tunnel through Mt.‘
, Bianc is. I also noticed the following «;ues- Z
" tion, “ \Vhich is correct, six and seven ‘
is twelve, or six and seven are twelve. I do
I, not think either is correct, because six and v’
3 seven make thirteen, when added together, i
l instead of making twelve. I have four pets *
——tw0 rabbits and two cats. One cat is a
j bob-tailed, her name is Minnie. I am
eleven years old. Pa is Secretary of Grange
r No. 464, and Ma is Flora of the same (irange. '
 The Grangers had a nice-supper New Years’
, night. I go to school, and study arithmetic,
grammar, geography, reading, and spelling. ’
, Iain in the writing class, too. Our teacher '
l is going to give three prizes—$'_’; -.\‘l : and Soc,
J ——to the best writers. I hope the next time
l I write I will have more to write about. I I
‘ willcloee by saying good bye to all the little ‘
i
l
l

(lrangers. I remain, a “little Granger,"
lI«:i<'i‘iiA in .\i().\’.

THE REAPER, DEATH.

, __.,_
l (‘O0K.—'I'he following preamble and resolutions
, were adopted by _\lcDoiiul».l Grange, No. ‘.20, at :i reg-
? ular meeting held Jan. 1.’), lotél :
i VVIIERI-ZAS, It lia-zplcast-ti the Great Master‘ of the
Universe to reinovc by (in-(1th our mtecined sister,
;\tlflllll(3 Cook, who dicv.i Jan. l, '51, in the will your :
of her age, therefore

lIe.m.’1-wf, That we have lost an c:«tw.‘lIl¢'ti sister,
the mother (in c.\':i.mplary daugliter, the liusbund :t '
kind and loving wife, the children an uIi'cctionatc
l mother, and her nmuy friends one whom they will
long remember with tender regard.

It’e.s-ulce-ll, That we tender our sincere frzttcrnai '
sympathy to the family of the deceziscd.

ltemlrezl, That, as an expression of our respect for
our departed sister, we drape our charter in inourning 3
for sixty days, and also that our mourning lnuigcs be
worn during Grange sesssioiis for that period. ;

lteso/z'cd, That a copy of these re‘-solutions be placed
on our records, a copy presented to the family of the
Lle('ease(l. and copies be sent to the GR.\NGl-2 Vi-,i'i'oP.
and the lI'irtford Imy .\'pri/1.1) for publication.

MRS. C. DISlil’.0.\',
Mus. II. CLARK.
AVIR. (J. G. ltm'Noi.n-:.
Coiumitte-e.

Wt)|)i)RUFl*'. —~ Died at his rcsideiicc in Dain-
bridge, Dec. ‘.34, ‘NO. the Hon. .\'EwToN I{.\\'oonii1'r‘i',
in the 755d year of his age. The deceased was an ac-
tive, working member of our Order, and in his death i
Bainbridge Grange, No. 80, has met with a sad and
severe loss, and from our fraternal chain one of its
brightest links is broken. A great gloom is cast over
us by this sad dispeiisntion, yet through all we see
u. Father's chastcning hand, and bow subiuissively.
The Grange adopted the following re-iolutiuiis to
' his memory: ‘

W'nr.BicAs. In the death of Bro. Woodrufi’ this ,
Grange has lost an earnest and consistent worker, '
his family 8. kind. husband and father, and the coin-
munity a worthy and useful citizen; therefore,

Resrilved, That our heart-felt sympathies be ex-
tended to the family of the deceased in their great
afllietion, realizing that any poor words of ours are
powerless to comlort, or heal their sorrow: and we
can only commend them to the care of llim who
doeth all things well.

Resolred, That our charter be draped in Il.l0u!'ll-
ing for sixty days, and that copies of the above be '
sent to the family of the deceased and to the iiItA.\IliE
Vxsiroii for plliJllt‘a.li0Il.

W. H. Coon,

; J. M. SEE.

Mas. J. If Pei-i«;ii.-,
Committee.

HUM}-‘..—-Died, December 29, '80, at her home in
Bedtord, Mrs. Hi:.\'izIE'r'.rA Hum-:, wife of Lafayette
Hume, of thai: dread disease, consumption——being in
the 35th year of her age. The Grange of which she
was a member adopted the following preamble and
resolutions, as a tribute of respect to her memory: 5

\Vni:izEAs, An all-wise Father has seen fit to call
from her earthly labor Sister Hume to a better home
on high; therefore ,

Itesali-ml, That in the death of Sister Hume our
Grange has lost an eilicient and loved member. a '
staunch and firm Patron.

Resolved, That, while We bow to the will of Him
who is too wise to err and too good to be unkind,
we deeply feel the loss, that to her was gain.

Resolved, That we extend to her bereaved husband
and loved ones our heai't—felt sympathy, and coin-
mend them to the care of that God who doeth all
things well.

liesulvetl, That our charter be draped in mourn-
ing for thirty days, and that a copy of these resolu-
tions be presented to the family: also copies be sent
to the GRANGE Visiroii. and Battle Creek papers for
publication. Mas. A. S. l\IAMnr,

Mas. H. GOULD,
Mrs. J. Iilnncian.
Uoininittee.

COLE.—At a regular—;eeting.: of Orion Grange, ,‘
No. 2-39, held January is, '81, the following promu-
ble and resolutions were unaniznously adopted:

VVHEREAS, God has removed from us by death
our much - esteemecll) sizteri fitlaggie ’s(03ole, hwife 
Christo her Cole, w o iet cc. La’), C .111 er 3-
year—’tliis being the first death in Orion Grange, No. -.
2.59, organized Feb. 16, 1874, and now numbering 1:28
members: therefore 3

Resolved, That in the death of Sister Maggie Cole,
this Grange has lost an earnest and worthy member, ;
her family a. kind and copsisteait witeland motlher, V
and the communit awort an examp or mem er. ~

Resolved, That wire tenderyto our brother,yin his a.f- '
fliction, our heartflelt sympatli)y,tk1i1ovii:plg tlfiit élfie
best ords of the ivin can u s in a ay e
uncezilising heart-burn; Ehat we wouldnsay): Turn not
to the living for consolation: remember her— the
kind and loving wife and mother,who slumbers peace-
fully in her narrow resting place, and, while each [
gentle tone and loving caress lingers still in the little i
one left: to your care, and you muse on the scenes you §
both loved so well, heaven will seem so near that, fol- l
lowing on the way that leadeth up to hie, you will I
come nearer and nearer every day, until you will 3
feel that 3

“There is no death: though an angel form ,
Walks oe’r the earth with silent tread, ‘
And bears our best loved ones away; 5
And then we call them ‘ dead.’ '

“ The happy wife, whose loving tones
Made glad these scenes of earthly strife,
Sings now the everlasting song
Around the throne of life.”

the minutes of the Grange, copies sent to the family

of the deceased, and to the GRANGE VISITOR for
ubiication; also to the Pontiac Bill Poster and the '
xford Journal: that our charter be draped in;

mourning for sixty days. '

HJBAK ANDREWS, Sec'y.



I
Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon 
l
1

 

MA.\'SFIELD.- -At a meeting of Benton Harbor
Grange, No. I22, Jan. .8, ‘5l,we, the undersigned
committee, were appointed to draft resolutions rela-
tive to the death of our esteemed brother, J(vS.EI‘lI

.\f.x:<si~‘u‘r.n_. who departed this life Dec. 2.‘, '50, at the .

age of 70 years:
Wni:P.i~:As, It has pleased Almighty God, in His
infinite wi:-dum, to remove from our midst, by death,

V our brother. JH3L‘}lll Mansfield, we bow submissively

to the will of our divine Creator, who doeth all
things after the council of His own will, and who

_ hath said, “ Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou

return."
Rexolrcd, That in the death of our brother we have
lost :2. useful and much-loved member of our Order.

Resolver/, That, while we deeply mourn the loss ‘

of one who was cut oil’ in his usefulness, we may

‘ perpetuate. his me-inory by being true and faithful ,
.

atrons, and patiently waiting the time when our
Grand Master above shall call us to join our loved

. ones gone before
‘ lfeirnlrmi, 'l‘lin.t we will extend the warm hand of i
1 heart-felt synipath_v to the friends of our lif.’}l1lI'll‘d 1
I brother, and bid them in their sorrow look to Him
. who hath said, “ lllcssed are they that mourn: for

they shall be coniforted."
I:£.S’(/1L‘v'.‘l/.'l‘l1li.t,1i.> an expre:-'sion of our respect to our

departed brother, the hall be draped in mourning f

4

mo. W.lH1LL & 00.,
E 80 Woodbridge St., - - Detroit.

Are now prepared to handle 4

EW/seat, Cam and Outs,

IN CAR. LOTS.
Having plenty of storage room we can also lianziis
f APPLES.’ I’()TA’I‘OES,
,’ BEAXS, BL"l"I‘ER,
(TIIEESE, EGGS.

and in fact anything and everything that it tanner
, has to sell,

j0n an Favorable Terms as any
House in the City.

I We also PURCHASE ALL KINDS OF

faunas for STORES CLUBS and FAMILIES

At the Lowest Wholesale Price.

and that the iiiembe-rs oftlie (lraiige wear the usual :

bzulge of inourning for the space of sixty days.

1.‘e.<mIrul, That a copy of these rc.:oluion~4 be given

fir ('I)7l.1l',(]')’l7I1€’Iil.~l and ()/-den: .S'ali'ci/vrtl.
jyl‘.’-noiiltf.

to the family of the deceast--i, also bu entered upon - '

the minutes of the Graiige record: and that a copy

3 be sent to the GRANIII-L Visiroii. and the Benton liar-

bor 1'u/Itrdf.-mi for suhlica‘.i..ti.
1 .
U. i‘. .\:"ri'o.\',

. K. llisuor,
.Ik:<:<ii-; .Ion.\’;-‘o.\'.
i.'oninuttev

.S'l'A.\'Ll‘IY. The tull0win_u; i'c-nlutiuviis were

‘ auloptcd by Model U1'un;_-c, No. 7»'.|, on the deutll of

.\‘.u'..iii ll. S’l'A.\'I.l£\':

I.\'AS1IiJ(.'II As it has pie.-:i<l-d .1.!nii;_;llt_v iiijil, in Ills 3
infinite \VlSll0Hl, to remove by death from our midst ‘

Sister Sarah ll. Stanley, of Model Graiige, No. .">‘.l,

, who died Jan. 13}, '51. and as we tliVH.i_\'S l'(.‘I‘(",{Ill'./eti

in Sister Staiiley 0. zealous. faithful, worthy and

TIIEI--—>—

HUsBA_iu>MAN.

:~‘ IQ V’ l1}NTI{ ‘I’ l*}At'[{ .

Reduced Price I

 A. YEAR 
s ' 0

much-loved member of our Or-ix.-1', it quiet, pl>:u-etul i

and coiiscioiitimis li(il_L'_'lilJUI‘, om: who was al\'.':tys ture- ,
. most in acts of i:li:irit_v and in the turtlu,-ruu.‘c of
‘ (,'hi'isii:Liiity flirougiiout tho \V'ul'l\l‘. tiierefoie

l.'e.yo:’rm', That in this :it‘.iit~tion we recogiiizr the

. liaiui of a kin-l and all-wise Ftitlici‘, an-l would bow

in humble submission to ills holy will.
lfe.uu’irm', Tlmt we tender to the bereaved f;unil_v

3 our heart-felt synipathy.
/f(‘.s(1/T1311, That a. copy of llllfil‘ r~-solution-: be prt-— 1
so,-iitcd to the bereaved family, and a copy be sent ‘

to the t,}st.t.vcin VIs'l'l‘lIIl for pul)ll<':il.lo!I.
i’.:iw.<onvilie, Jan. El), '51).

German Horse and Cow Powders.

This powder has been in use for many years. It
is lurggcly used by the farmers of l’t-iiiisylvnniu, and
the l’atrons of that State have bought over l00,l)Ui)
pounds through their piii'cllasiiig agents. Its compo-
sition is no secret. The receipt is on every box and
3-pound package. It is made by Dr. L. ()berholtzer’s
Sons .3." Co.,.I’h0enixvillo, l’a. It keeps stock healthy
and in good condition. It helps to digest and assimi-
late the food. Horses will do more work, with less

, food while using it. Cows will give I1l01‘BIIiIibI1llltl

be in better condition. It keeps poultry healthy, and

} increases the production of i.-g;_rs. It is also of great

value to them when molting. It is sold at the lowest
wliolesnle price by R. E. JAMI-IS, KALAMAZOO,
GEO. W. HILL .t C0 . so \Vooni3s..ioon Sr.. DE-

‘ TROIT, and J. M. (.‘IL~\l\IBERS, loll So. \V.u'i~:ii. Sr.,

CTIICAGO. Put up in (30-lb. boxes {loose}, price Eioirr
CENTS per 1b., :50-lb. boxes ,of o‘ 5-lb. packages, TI-ZN
CENTS per lb.

PATENTS

F. A. LEHMANN, Solicitor of American and
Foreign Pateiits, Wasliington, D. C. All business
connected with Patents, Whether before the Patent
Ollicc or the courts, promptly attended to. No

charge made unless a Patent is secured. Send for

circular ti

3%?-"’We Have Again Reduced the Prices of  UNI-1 l)0LLAitf

Our Paints. from June. 1880.

la. runs’ liii Works.

Fon run M.\.vL'i‘AcrL'i:i: or
lNGIG1€SOLL'S
Rl_Z;~\DY MIXED l’.~\.lN'l‘S.
———.-tlso, Dealers iu———

Par/5 Green and London Par/9/'e.

In those wings of Rt-nziue Paint.-I, that pev-l and wash oil‘ so ’

soon — if‘iMl and 1.inc that are aliulte-mtud so largely —- “I?
are not surprised that the lngr-rsoll Ito.-adyliiixt-d Paint is hav-
ing such an extensive sale. The annoyance of procuring the
various articles IIm‘£‘.\1ul'y to mix Paint are avoided, and the
colors am pennant-nt. Proof is given of its enduring twenty
years, and still looking well. Its price is lower than even the
materials can be procured in the ordin:u'y way. Its hose is old
English leiuiiuid Fri,-nt:li red seal zinc, chemically mixed in
sucha manner M5 to bind the component parts in one insoluble
tiuid, that deiies the W':‘hlili:I' for so runny years.

All _\‘uIl have to do is to virite to the Ingersoll Ready Mixed
Paint \\v'orl:.s, ll}: South Street, New York, and they will mail
thcir book, fr-wt,-, telling every one how to be his own painter;

v t:0llUilDin*_'. also, spucirnens -»f'I‘wenty beautiful colors, with
; it rule by which the quality and price ofpaint required for any

-iz.-d building can l.J1f>iSi‘f‘l'ItilI|CLl. The paint. comes ready mixed
in cans) for in-'t.'u.\t um, and at a price lower than the inaterisls
can be [JliK'i‘l)lvI.~'l‘il in the ortiiimry way; besides this. this paint
will endure over three times lb! long as any other paint.

,FRI'2lGllT PAID ON’ TEN GALLONS OF

PAINI‘ AND OVER.
A. I\/.[- INGERSOLL.

; Paint Works, No. 182 South Street, New York.

   

76' 49!’ §3":"'

«:2 rxrar-s*<'“
CINCINNATI '

ANEEBUILETINL

V (9 3 ALARBE8 PAGE-18 COLUMN,
I

WEEKLY
FARMERS PAPERE

   
 
 

 
 
    
   
    

PURE FOR FARM ‘
“R” in gidcit i
FEARLCSS ,,,,,,,,._,_.,

INDEPENDENT

no N‘
rmuttms RIGHTS Eémégg
AND INTERESTS A3 IGOUNTRYE

ii . APRODUCERAMAN AND
ITIZE

A NATIGNAL PAPER,

EDUNDE D IN l_B_'7_§_.______,

6iJ;L|T‘1"i.ElfGRANGERS

‘A FARM PAPER FOR FARMERS

<> LDR N <>
BOTH PAPERS FOR L60 AYEAR
SEND run SAMPLE comes

F R E E
|48.W. FOURTH ST.ClNClNNATl. O.

 
  
  
 

    
 
  
 

I The llL'.~Il’.\Nl-.‘.f.\.\’ has b::«~u u'1«lcly l'(.‘L‘U;.flilLt;.l as
staiidiiig in the front rank of ugrimiltiir:il journ  ‘
\Vhile treating fully all questions embraced in
l'l{.\C'l‘lL‘.\L AGRl(‘.l7l.'l‘URE,
it dismisses with fcarle:-is abilitv the economic prob-
1, lenis that ellect all productive iiuiustri:-s. It stI'i\'v:.~l
earnestly to incite thouglit, broaden conlroption and
iiurrczise understanding of the wrongs tlirough w'ni~li
agriculture has sutfered, especially
THE UNJUST ’l‘.'L.\'A'l‘l()N

‘ fit.‘-|li‘llk’(l upon it, and the hurtful discriminati-ins bv
, which its products are cheupenod l>('lt)W the cost iii
1 the labor ernployed in their production.
i‘ It would stimulate solt- respect among ftiI'IXl9l".4
throngii well-applied thought, tittiug them to repre-
sent their industry through the halls of legislation
‘ as a vital necessity to national prosperity.

All the well-known features of the T‘lL'Sl3A-.\'DM.\.\'
will be iiiaiiitaiiied, including full reports of the
famous

Edl.lilllA FARMERS’ CLUB DISCUSSIONS

an 'oin time to tune editorial letters of travel and
observations abroad.

ITS LIST UF COS TR] BUTORS
will embrace many writers whose work has :1lre:u.iv
added largely to the interest and value of its columnsi.

It will present complete reports of .\'I‘lW YORK
and l’IIILAl)ELI’IIIA M.\IlKI£'l'S.

A FREE COPY will be sent to any person who
forwards in one order the names and addresses of ten
subscribers, new or old, with ten dollars in pavnient
therefor. '

Remittances may be inade bv draft on New York,
Postotiice money order, or in“ currency. Checks on
country Banks involving expense in collection must
have ten cents added to meet such cost.

Drafts, Postoflice money orders, and checks Sl1uLllLi
be made payable and all letters addressed to

llI7SB.\NI)MAN.

I<‘.i.Mm.s., N. Y.
Sainple copies free on application. Uftf

COMBINED CIRCULATTIUNI

ONE DOLLAR I

yltticnltural World it Michigan Homestead.

‘ A SI.\"l‘E}-ZN I'.>\GE PAPER. DEYOTED TO
THE I.\"l'ERES'I‘S OF AGRICULTURE
IN ALL ITS BltAl\'(‘.HES.

 CHEAPEST PAPER PUBLISHED!

Many of the ablest farmers and writers of Western
Michigan are regular contributors to the I-Vurld and
Homesfear/. The series of articles now running, en-
titled “ I7‘armers' Relation to Law,” being an exhaus-
tive treatise of the law of highways, titles, fences,
drainage, estrays, patent-rights, etc., etc., are well
worth live times the subscription price of the paper.

The Grange interests and Grange news form a
i special feature, and are at all times fully represented.

The Home Department is in the hands of a prac-
_vtical housekeeper, and is carefully and ably con-
ducted.

Its market reports are fuller and more reliable
than can be found in any other paper published in
“Western Michigan.

AFREE COPY will be sent to any person who
forwards in one order the names and addresses of
ten subscribers, new or old, with ten dollars ‘in pav-
inent therefor. '

Subscriptioiis can commence at any time. Send
stamp for sample copies. Address,

F. M. CARROLL Jr CO.,
25 CANAL STREET. — — Unmzn RAPIDS, Mica.

N. B.—The subscription price will be $1.50 on all
subscriptions and renewals after December lat, I380.

   SUPPLIES
Kept in the office of the Secretary of the
.\ll(.‘lll(,lA.\' .\T'i'.-\'i'l£ (.ll{A.\'Gl:'.
Ami tent out Post Paid, an Receipt of Cash Order,

over the seal of a Subordinate Grange, and the
siymzture of its Master or Secretary.

 

1
r
l

; Porcelain Ballot Marbles, per hundred,.. . . . . . . :5

« Blank Book, ledger ruled, for Secretary to keep

, accounts with members, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00

; Blank Record Books, (Express paid), . . . . . . . . . . 1 00

; Order Book, containing 100 Orders on the Treas-

: urer, with stub, well bound,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

l Receipt Book, containing 109 Receipts from

i Treasurer to Secretary, with stub, well bound, 50

E Blank Receipts for dues, per 100, bound, . . . . . . . 60

i A plications for Membership, per 100,. . . . . .  . 50

I embershipCards,per  50

l Withdrawal Cards, per doz., . . . .. . . . . . . .. 25
25

‘Dimits, in envelopes, per doz.,. .    
l By-Laws of the State Grange, single copies we,
2 per doz., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

lBy-Laws, bound,..........   20
; Patrons’ Singing Book, ith music, Single copy .
; 15 eta. per doz., . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I 80

7,Rituals,singlecopy,............. 
l “ per doz., " -10
1 Blank “Articles of Association” for the Incorpo-

 ;, ration of Subordinate Granger, with Copy of

- Charter, all complete, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
l Notice to Delinquent Members, per 100.. . . . . . . . 40
1 Declaration of Purposes, per doz., 5c.; per
hundred, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Cushiug’s Manuals, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Address, J. 1‘. COBB.

Sac'v Mica. S-run Gxuzmn.
SCHOOLCRAFT. MICE.

AT” ‘\

, ‘ls-.i ; .

-um...-,

bin

-1.,‘ \_ .-.n...s-a...-w.«..-d.:'.‘.  - ’

  


 

 

NOTICE OF MEETINGS.

Alpine Grange, No. 348, will hold a public
meeting Tuesday, Feb. 8, '81, at their hall.
The Worthy Master of the State Grange is
expected to be present and deliver a lecture.
All are cordially invited to attend.

Yours fraternally,
H. A. GR!-‘.ENi.}-ZY, t-3ec'y.

Alpine, Jan. 16, ’8l.

The first regular meeting of Newaygo
County Grange for 1881 wili be held at the
hall of Ensley Grange, No. -544, on the 8th
of Febuary next, commencing at one o’clock
P. X. A public lecture by Sister A. R. Steele,
of Manton, Mich., and the installation of
the officers of Pomona Grange, No, ll, will
be followed by the reading of essays and a
general discussion of the topics not respond-
ed to in the programme of the annual meet-
ing in January. M. VV. SCOTT,

liect. Co. Grange.

The annual meeting of llranch County
Pomona Grange will be held at Goldwater
Grange hall on VVednesday Feb. lti, 1851.
Fourth degree members of the Order are
cordially invited to attend.

(5. VV. V.\.\'All{l<)N.

l’Ui{AUOl‘«', Jan. 2;’-.l, Hr’,-'1.

Bro. J. '1’. Cobb :-—.»\t the annual meeting
of Cass Co. Pomona Grange, No. :1), 1’. of
H., held at (Tar-isopolis, Jan. l‘.3th, 1.89’-él.
Abram Miller, of Daley, was elected Master;
R. J. Dickson, llowagiac, Overseer; \V. E.
Williams, Pokagon, Secretary; John Barber,
Edwardsburg, Lecturer.

The next regular meeting will be held at
Cassopolis on \Vednesday, April. 13, lfibl, at
10 A. M., when the fifth degree will be
conferred. All members of the Order are
cordially invited.

WM. E. VVll.LIAI\lr€, Sec,
G.»\l.l<1SBURG, Jan. 31, it-£251.

J. T. ('oob.~—Notice is hereby given that
a meeting of Kalamazoo County Pomona
Grang will be held at Brady Grange hall,
Vicksburg, February 1-5, at 10 o’clock A. 31.,
for the purpose of installing the ofticers elect
for the year 19.81. Hon. J. J. \Voodman,
Past Master of Michigan State Grange, and
present Master of the National Grange will
conduct the ceremonies of installation.
Essays are expected. Such business as may
properly come before the meeting, will be
transacted. As this is, in the main, to be a
public meeting, all members of the Order
and such others as feel an interest in the
Patrons cause are cordially invited to
attend. 7.. C. I)URKi-:i-3, Sec.

AN American lawyer is now attorney
general of the Handwich lslaiids. if in two
years’ time he doesn’t own the entire
country, and hold the king’s note for alarge
sum, he is no credit to the American bar.

To TEN names not members of the Order,
we will send the Visiroit three months for
$1.00.

The NATIONAL CITIZEN-Soi.i)ini<, an 8-
page, 40 column weekly journal, ])lll)ll.~‘ll(’(l
at Washington, D. C., comes to us brimful
of good things for the citizen as well as for
the soldier. It opposes monopoly, favors
equal and exact justice to all classes, and
is the special champion and defender of
the rights of the soldier, his widow and
orphans. Every soldier should have this
paper to keep him posted. Terms: $1.00
per year; sample copy free. Address,
"i'riz£:N—§0Li)ii=:R Publishing Co., Box
688, Washington, D. C.

Micmzan Central .B3\l.I’0ti.d..
DEPARTURE or TBAIX8 FROM KALAMAZ00.
Time Table—llIay B. 1883.

Main Line.
WESTWA RD.

Accommodation, leaves ........... .. 4 501
" arrives..
Local Passenger ........ ..
Evenin Express”
Pacific xpress.
Hail ....... ..
Day Express.

     
  
  

EASTWARD.

Eight Express ..................... . .
Accommodation lea_ves. . . . . .
" arrives. .

Hail ..................... . .
Day Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York Express ...... .. . . . . .
Atlantic Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

New York. Atlantic,Pacitic Express and Local
nger daily. All other trains daily except

findays.
South Haven Division.
l . . . .
Iieayes Kalamazoo ................ ..‘ A7h:(}l P3M20
Arrives at Kalamazoo ............. ..l ii 101 5 40

H. B. lmnr/.111),
5- 0» BROWN. Gen‘l Manager, Detroit.
ASSW Gen'l Supt., Jackson.
Hxxiir C. Wmrrwonrn. G. P. 6: T. A.. Chicago.

Lake Shore dc Michizan Soutnern Railroad.

, (Kalamazoo Division Time Table.)
Time 15 minutes faster than Kalamazoo.
coma SOUTH.

    
    

N Y J: CINY & B
_________g Expr‘s.lEx dz M WayFr
Le. Grand Rapids .... .. 8 UOAM 4 30PM 5_0bX2Ti
A.r.AlleIza.n . . . . .. .  9 “ 550“ 810“
“ Kalamazoo-... ...l015“ 645“ 1135“
“ bk‘-hoolcrnft... . 6 58 “ 4 45 “ 1 30“
“ ’1‘hr_ee Bivers.. 11 24 ‘ 7 53 ‘ 2 40 “
“ White Pigeon ii 55 “ 5 20“ 4 so “
‘ Toledo..... 5 ‘_),Spm 2 40AM
" Cleveland 10 10 ‘- 7 05 "
Bufialo. 4 OOAM 1 109111

-1 P
« 15 “
and 35 "
All trains connect at White Pigeon with trains
. juin Lin A G. AMBDEN.

Supeginwndent Kai.  Kalamazoo

. 7353 3:,

ERANGE 

To the Patron: 0! Michigan.

A large and growing trade is now being car-
ried on at our co-operative store in Allegan,
and under the managementofBro. A. Stage-
man, is rapidly gaining a reputation not ex-
celled, if equalled, by any other store in the

, State ; and for this success we are greatly in-

debted to him for his zeal and untiring
energy in managing its business transac-
tions. Therefere to offer these facilities to
all Patrons wishing to purchase through our
agency, the executiuecoinmittee of the co-
operative association have made such ar-
rangements that our agent will fill orders
for goods from all parts of the State-.

For furtherinformation, address A.i~"ri:r;i»;—
MAN, Allegan, Mich.

J. S. BIUWI-2i.l.,
Sec. of C. A. of I’. of H.

intends ism;

TUESD.-\Y. MARCH I, IN!-ll,

south ot Joncsvi le, and three and \’)l'lt3-l..‘1lfll‘lll6."S
north of Hillsdule, Mich.
Advancing yczirz-I. and your lJ(‘Blll.\, compels me to

for the iniprov6:m4<nt of this herds of this and other
States, and 1 take this course to (ran:/"er it to at/zrr
/«ands.

i5i.l‘flllL-l, of the Short-liorn iainily——Booth foundation
predominating, top-crossed with ilatc-s blood. 'l‘li«,-
ho.-rd cninpri-n-s

.‘iEVE.\' (‘-OVVS. all in calf, or calves by thrir side,

SIX Hl~Zll“l‘IltS, one and two years, and
SIX ISITLLS, really for .~1ervice this spring.

Sale Catalogue, giving full particulars of every ani-
mal, and its records in American Herd Book, now
ready for distribution, will be mai‘exi on application.

We hazard nothing in Eliylflg there is no better
lircd herd in Michigan, its entire haec resting on the
noted and popular Curtis Herd, of llillsdzile Co.

'l‘ERll1S:——Cash, or good approved notes at7 per
cent, payable at First Natioiial I’-sink, Ililladnlc,Jan.
lst. 1882.

Parsons by Railroad, from a distance, will have
free conveyance from Jone:-wills (Moslier House) on
day of sale, at 9 and 10 A. 31., also at l r. 31. Sale to
commence at 1 l‘. M., sharp.

1*‘. M. HOLLOVVAY,

I’. O. I{ii.r.sn.ii.i—:, Mliili.
Y'ayett.e, Jan. ‘lltli, ldtil.

a 2,
0
ll :1.
lfl:—:"«'a'5f
gigs;
55:3
jg Hr
tea“
 to
23:5
f='=;‘:::l=-'~
-;;(DO
Mémfi
El'_>a
or->2
8 E

TO SPATRONS I  

DETROIT, Jan. '14, lxéll.
Dear Sir.-—’I'lie copartnei:-liip heretofore existing
under the firm name of G1-‘.0. \V. Hui. (ll (30. is this
day disolved by mutual consent. Patrons owing the
late firm will make all payments to GEO. W. HILL,
and please be as prompt as possible.
GEO. \V. HILL,
A. PLATT.

I will continue the Commission and Purchasing
business in every particular as heretofore. Make up
your club orders for Garden Seeds early. Remember
I have no old stock. Send for Price List if you
have none. GEO. W’. HILL,

80 VVo«.‘»dbridge St. ‘Vest, DE'l‘BOI'l‘, Micir.

.A.  BOOK.

Containing a few reasons why Farmers, their wives,
sons and daughters, should become members of the
Order of Patrons of Husbandry, and stiggestions
how to be henefitted thereby, by Tlxeodore Bothy.
VV'ith a lithographic picture containing thirty-one
faces of the:eai'ly rojectors and workers of the
Order, suitable to be hung up in our homes and
Grange halls as a reminder of the wisdom, labor and
perseverance of those noble men and women to
whom we are indebted for the success of the Order.
Four copies of this book and picture will be sent

post-paid for $1.00.
Address THEODORE BATHY.
S.\i1'rn's CREEK, St. Clair Co., Mich.

TNVIBRATOR HARROVIV-'.‘

Three
Sizes.

    

Agents
Wanted.

«._

Cuts Six. Eiight and "Fen Il‘eet:.
Best Harrow made. Cuts every inch of ground,

light and mellow. Relieves itself of all obstructions.
Bundled very compact ior ship merit.

PHELPS do BIGELOVV \V. M. 170..
Knlaninzoo, Dllch,

Pensions.

gEgALD, U. S. Claim Att'y, Box 588, Washington,
. . if

_, l CARYL‘S NEWS—l’.()O)I, near the I’ost-Urllcs, Kal-

Riverside Herd of Short-Horns,

at my farm on the main read. one an-.l one-half mile, ,
retire from the iiolile pursuit of raising Short-Iiorns ‘

In this ho-rd may be found iive dill'r-rent types, or

and adapted _to all kinds of soil. Peculiar shape of
tooth makes it easy of draft, and leaves the ground

THOUSANDS of
soldiers and their
heirs entitled by late
laws of Congress.
Send two stamps for
laws. and copy of Ciriznn-Sonnina, to N. W. FITZ-

EXEURsIo1STl

lllll anus, llllllll and taxis,

I
URDHB rm: ciuarai-: or 'l'i{Y. l
l
l

KALAMAZOO LIGHT GUARD.
1ra~\'iA (JHICA GO. l

Leave Kalamazoo Febrlflry 15th. 
1

Tickets to New omam Return, $30 no,
‘la Cedar Ksys. Fla. ‘ilft:.;‘.';::..°“‘f4::i:f.-

l
lloorns and‘ Meal Tickets on Boat,  

SPECIAL RATES for all Excumioni!-ts to all i
prominent places in "l'l‘IXAS from New Orleans.

TICKETS GOOD for NINETY I).-KY3 from day
of sale, and good on ANY REGCI.Al{ TRAIN
.prior to the l-‘nth of February. FUR S1l.F.' at

. aniazoo.

‘ A Committee of \,'lIlI,isi:I:<l of Kalamazoo go to New

§ Orleans next week to HTl‘llll£Zt¢ for reception of Excur- ,

5 sionists, and for l’.EDl'C.‘ZD RA'l'.ES at li(YI‘El.S.

‘ All information lurni-«ll».-d on application to the

l K}1lflK.l1tZOO Light Guard.

R(lBlClt'l" I’. Hllili,

(€l‘l()l{(iI‘§ l.Y()N.

lm Ll.'(ilC.\'lC t5(Il,"l‘1li\l-‘.l),
Committee Kalamazoo idghtfiuard.

:

 THE BUSINESS COLLEGE ?
AT KALANAZO0. MICK.
is THE nicer PLACE Ion
Y0 UNG JII-'.‘ZV A B’)?
Ti) GET A TliOl{i.)I'GH
ll USINISSS i:‘{)UCA'I‘lON.
B{I,~f"Mnv.l for C0llt>'1u R-«;oi'd, givliig full partic-
ulare.

Wt’) .11 1:1N ’

  

, V/«

 

\  h_l/ .‘//1.
 O  “,4,/_ .1
I _ .<’ V. V. ‘ /g.‘
I’r«:-nident.
U C H

FARMERS’ Exruusiz BOOK.

A neat Blank Book, 1':-(T iiinhes, ‘.200 pages,
leather binding, iniirlilcd edges. red line columns
with printed headings. l"ir.~it half for purch.-1 see, last.

half for sales. Sent p4Jls‘t1>:Ll(l for only 7.5 cents,
Agents wanted. H‘. F_ .-TR!-3E'l‘ as (f().,
106-it

Tlirce Rivers, Mich.

DAY :94 TAYLOR»,

Grandville, Mich.,

iAi'c pre.-pared to furnisli LAND l'LAS'l‘E‘.'-ll. fl‘t:Sll
A ground, at cr.-iititict prices. nh’.'l‘J with the l']xcci..tiv(-
l Coniinittoo of the Staicl_}i'i\i'.;";e.
l A la.i';zo stock on ‘cu-.iiri mt’
LAND PI..»\S'l'El‘t,
Send us your Oi"-.1-;-rs direct.
janl-ly

EHBADQUARTERS FUR Lin rtisrrul

l
l
l
1
v

pu:'f:, finely—groiiiid

DAY it '.l.‘A YL(Ji".

srériiln rile warm 2,

ABS 0L L"j.'1'.'l.. 1' .-1) I)
‘H21 5'} J 1'"! '1’ V.’)II1.'EIII O

 

Ad D

Bi-GARE. SODA

Vfliicli is the amino tlnng. ,
Inipu:-e Sale:-utuq 02- Bi-Curb Soda,
gvvhicli Lathe sunieihiugyiaotaalight.
y dirty tvhite color. it may appear
white, examint d by itself, but, :1.
COMPARISON VVITII C}l(.‘R(;'li :5;
C0’S “ ARM ANDH.AM.1IER.” BRAND
will show the dlflirrence.

See that your Salcrutua and Bali-
ing Soda. is 'is'i‘iito and PFRE. no
should be ALL SH‘-IILAB. SY_.’(3'2’1‘Ai‘J-
CBS used for roml.

THE BEST P§PERl

BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED-.
I£i‘itli—“::;.I‘.\ 1-K .

Y” A
L l l“. l l _ l 1
THE Slillilllllll Wlllllll

’I‘rin Sciis.\'riric Aiiniitu.-is is a i.-‘irst-lllusa Weekly
Newspaper of Sixteen I‘-ages, printed in the most
beautiful style, profusely 2'/lu.st:'a£r»d wit/i splendid en-
gravings, representing the newest Inventions and the
most recent advances in the Arts and Sciencies, iii-
cluding New and Interesting Facts in Agriculture,
Iiorticulture, the Home. Health. Medical Progress,
Social Science, Natural History, Geology, Astronomy.
The most valuable practical papers by eminent writ-
ers in all departments of Science will be found in the
Scientific American.

Terms, 83 20 per year, $1.60 half year, which in-
cludes postage. Discount to Agents. Single copies.
ten cents. Sold by all Newsdealers. Remit by postal
order to MUNN it CO., Publishers, 137 Park Row,

New York.
 [‘EN’l‘S In connection with the

o Scientific American,
Messrs. Munn it Co. are Solicitors ot American and
Foreign Patents. have had 35 years experience, and
now have the largest cstablinshineiit in the world.
Patents are obtained on the best terms. A special
notice is made in the Scientific American of all
Inventions patented through this Agency, with the
name and residence of the Patentee. By the immense
circulation thin gfiveu, public attention is directed to
the rum its of the new Patent, and sales or introduc-
tion often easily efiected.

Any person who has made a new discovery or in-
vention. can ascertain. free of churqawhether a patent
can probably be obtained. by writing to Munn iii Co.
We also send free our Hand-Book about the Patent
Laws, Patents, Caveats. Trade Marks, their costs, and
how procured, with hints for procuring advances on
inventions. Address for the paper, or concerning

Patents.
MUN N at 00..
37 Park Row. New York.
Branch Oflice, Cor. F and 7th Sts.,Waahington, D.C.

   

TH]-:i“GiRANGi: if1s1'roR,**

rev :15: I

  
    
     
  
  
   
    
  
  
   
   
 
   
    
  
  
  
   
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
   
   
   
     
  
     
  
    
  
    
     
    

 

THIS SPACE BELONGS TO

THE OSGOOD SCALE.

1-1. IE’. BUELL, Agent, l‘i

.74 flfatlison Avmnw,

DETROIT, Iv/IICH.

ENLARGED, I

One Year for Fifty Gents,

C‘:-',‘-“'l*JIal<JV’]‘Jl\l ()()l’lli3s-3‘ I*‘OI{ .~fg‘.s‘S.()().__-'3

HUSBANDS--~ <3-9  - WIVES!
 or l)l{()(>l’lI\'(l 

SHOULD KNOVV OF
DR. R. PENGELLY’S “ WOMAN’S FRIEND," IMPROVED E
It is a s«.)VicRi3:iGN I{.l*.:1V1I<1I)Y roi-

Those Compl.-tints (they need no naming) peculiar to “'0ME.\l, YOU.\'(i or OLD, NOT A (JURIS-
Alili, :_"£amn'n;,' to iinnihilnte Jaundice. Diabetes, Bright's Dise;Lsc,()i‘i1vcl, and cverytliing else which
aillicts MEN l?.V"}:ZN MORE THAN VVOM EN.

It works in ONE LINE and in that line it excel.-i. The tunier, Nervm/.9 Girl, the anxious, e.z7;¢uta1i4;
Rloflzr-1', the overburdened Iloiayewife, the Matron. passing the critical change, are all guarded, soothed and
sustained by its Gentle Influence. It is the grrewriptlou of an 1'.tpt*ricnced 1’}1y.vicz'an, perfected during a
lite-long pr-acti-:0, and its nine years of public record, in 30 ditloreiit States, have proved it rightly named -
A l-‘l(lFiI\'[) INDEEI) TO VVOMAN. The good words of those who use it are its best: ailvertisenient
An 8-ounce ($1.00) bottle, 01- 9 ‘20-ounce (-i3‘.’.0-Si} bottle sent on receipt of price, express prepaid N50
rt.-fereiiugs and toetiinonials, on nppliciitit-ii to '

 

 

Tu‘. }’}CNGrYCLI X’ 85 (L
KALAMAZO0. MICH. (FOBMEJIILY OF P(13-.iitwni.L.) '
Sold by Drnggli-its generally nurl Lady Agents. Svvlfl & Daddy, and Farrnnd Wlllhnm 1
&. Co., I)\'-111)“. Vnnsn hunch, Stevenson &. Co., Chicago. ' '

some-n_m§a ENTlREil_iY lxill-zwiii
THE CHAMPION BARBED WIRE 

Is l’-Ltsily Seen, Most Eiiectiw, and Least Dangerous to Stock of any Barbed W'ire known. 5:

v--.

 

Barbed Wire, Dry Goods, Groceries, Sewing Machines, Scales.
Seeds, Hardware, Watches, Clocks, Plated Ware, &.c., &c.

In Fact, Everything You Want, of Your State Business Agency.
1'H'O193A¥-5 W3&$©N, 

150 Hout li VViitex' Street, (Tliicngo, ll].

n§}‘PAT'IZQXS STATE BUSINESS AGENT. N. B.——All goo-.15 hoiiglit on your order at WITOLE» E-
SALE liA'I‘ES on day of purchase. Terms atri<-tly (rash. ’

C-onim ii-ll-ill)“ Nlorchaiit ,

eimw, 

Larsiuaiisifisiue-roars

    
 
    
  
    
   
    

I"C)SI'I'IV'EInY'

THE KING OF THE FIELD!

 
      
  
  

THE BEST PAYING TOOL EVER INTRODUCED
TO THE FARMER.

WE ALSO MANUFACTURE AND ARE POSITIVELY HEADQUARTERS FOR THE NORTH-
¥V0ERSéI' EUR FS\')II§ELLA1‘{l‘) CAST SCRAPERS. STEEL CAST AND CHILLED FLOWS, CULTIVA-
y C. IL US'lRA FED CATALOGUE AIND ClRCULABS, ADDRESS 'lHE MANUFACT-

URERS.
E. BEMENT 6: SONS,

Lansing. M ichigan.