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AREAS: 1-800-883-0761 Green is Beautiful 1996 Although every effort is made to check material for publication, the association is not responsible for material published on behalf of its contributors. All rights are reserved by the publisher and any reproduction in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher is prohibited. 1996 O.G.S.A. Board of Directors President Alex La Belle CGCS Merry-Hill Golf Club 519-648-2304 Past President John Taylor Twenty Valley Golf Club 905-562-4181 Vice President Simon George Oakville Golf Club 905-844-5796 Treasurer Ian Bowen Oshawa Golf Club 905-725-9511 Secretary Paul Dodson CGCS Lionhead Golf Club 905-455-8400 Whats Inside: Roster Bob Heron CGCS Beacon Hall Golf Club 905-841-0252 President's Message Page 4 Scholarships & Donations Hugh Kirkpatrick Page 5 Paul White Mississauga Golf Club Golf and the Environment Page 7 905-278-4741 Golf Cars and Cart Paths Page 8 Public Relations & Welcoming Jerry Richard Professor Vincent Covello Page10 Craigowen Golf Club 519-462-2910 Environmental Attitutes Page15 Keith Bartlett The GTI and the Web Page16 Thornhill Country Club 905-889-2735 Brown Patch Disease Page17 Bylaws NU GRO Appreciation Day Page18 Monte Anderson Pointe West Golf Club Georgian Bay Superintendents Page18 519-736-5050 Maintenance on a Shoestring Page19 Membership Jim Flett Muskoka Lakes Golf Course 705-765-3165 Newsletter Editor Mark Piccolo Galt Country Club 519-650-1503 Advertisers Index: Office Manager Cindi Charters Guelph Turfgrass Institute Solaris-Easout Page 8 328 Victoria Street South Guelph, Ontario N1H 6H8 Solaris-Killex Page 9 Telephone: (519) 824-OGSA Century Rain Aid Page14 Fax: (519) 766-1704 Solaris-Ferromec Page15 Solaris-Banner Page16 Green Horizons Page18 Braemar Page22 Designed and Printed by City Graphics Design & Print Inc. Cover: Hugh Kirkpatrick, Superintendent Westmount G.C. President July has some great events in store such as thePresident/GreenChairperson/Superintendent/ Guest Tournament. It is a great opportunity to Message... invite a Director or your Club Manager to attend a fun event at a great new golf course; Angus Glen. By Alex La Belle CGCS Teri Yamada has agreed to grace us with an after dinner update on the Audubon Co-operative Can I take off my parka Sanctuary Program. Also on July 29th is the Ontario now!? Surely by the time Turfgrass Research Foundation fundraising you read this we will be tournament at The National Golf Club. The OGSA covered with sun screen has agreed to donate a cheque for $1,500 to the and looking for shade. It OTRF for turfgrass research. Dinner follows at The has not been "the best of times" but hopefully it Board of Trade of Metropolitan Toronto. was "the worst of times". The almost new director On the pesticide licensing front, I have been of the GTI, Rob Witherspoon, just sent out a working with John Graved (John has done most of communique which indicates a deficit of 80-100 the work) to come up with a seminar format that growing degree days below the seasonal average. could be used in conjunction with the University of Onward and upward. I am thoroughly impressed Guelph and Ridgetown College to assist technicians by the tenacity and optimism of the and exterminators to obtain their licenses. While superintendents I have spoken to over the last few correspondence courses have been talked about, it months. Eyes and ears keenly tuned to the weather is often the case that some individuals perform stations, they have been ready to take advantage of better in a classroom atmosphere. The face to face any crumb that mother nature may toss their way. interaction and question and answer format can be Watching and weaving like an Indy driver looking very reassuring. I will be seeking a meeting with for an opening, ready to switch gears and zoom Rob Witherspoon to get his opinion and guidance in ahead whenever an opportunity presents itself is this matter. the mental image I get when I think of how they GTI and the GCSAA are both on the WEB now. have been reacting to this year's up and down You can get information on access to the WEB by growing season. Ahhhh! What a life! In the fast contacting the GTI at 519-824-4120 ext. 2597#. lane... on the edge. The OGSA Board of Directors arethere to work Speaking of optimism, I had a chance to go over fon your behalf. Please let us know how we can to Westmount a few weeks ago to visit a neighbour, help you; what you like and what you don't like. Hugh Kirkpatrick, who is an inspiring example of Mark Piccolo would appreciate your help with positive thinking. If success is measured by the the magazine. It is a very time consuming task and number of friends we have and the number of certainly, at this point in the year, time is a people we have helped along the way, then Hugh premium. The board has agreed to a promotion to is a very successful person. Hugh has been in the assist Mark in his portfolio by offering OGSA business for over 34 years building and maintaining apparel as a gift of appreciation to three authors of golf courses from Truro to Calgary. articles in excess of 1000 words or two pages He has tutored no less than eight employees (pictures can be included to take up space) helping them on their way to Class A status in published in the Green Is Beautiful. Mark and his Canada and the USA. Hugh convincedWestmount selection committee will review all entries to to become one of the first Canadian courses to enlist determine the winners. If you choose to send in the Audubon Co-operative Sanctuary Program. pictures, please include captions and enclose the He is an innovator and a helping hand at the drop pictures in a folded piece of cardboard. It is a good of a grass blade. It is for these reasons, among idea if you know that you will be taking pictures of others, that we have re-submitted Hugh's name to a curiosity or a project, to have an extra set of prints the Canadian Golf Superintendents' Association as made so that you have spares. We will try to return the OGSA's candidate for Superintendent of the any pictures that you request but lets not tempt Year. If you recall, we submitted Hugh's name last Murphy's Law. year but we were unsuccessful in our attempt. We are very hopeful that the many letters of support In closing please remember that its summer from across the continent we have received and the vacation and we all want to have fun and tell stories revamped presentation will help put a very about our adventures so; go safely on the roads, on deserving gentleman over the top. the water and in the air. Hugh Kirkpatrick of Westmount Golf Club Hugh Kirkpatrick was born in to allow members to try their skill Norwich, Ontario, which is just int he summer of 1931. The park­ South of Woodstock, where he like course would prove a good grew up with his two brothers test of the ancient game having a Dick and Bev and his sister shot for every club in the bag. A six-sheet Curling Rink was Marylin. Hugh's father Douglas, constructed in 1962 and additional owned a small construction locker facilities, dining and lounge company in the 50's and decided rooms were added to take care of to specialize in golf course increased membership. In 1975 construction. extensive renovations to the Club In the early sixties Hugh House took place. A new dining managed to aquire two room was added next to the patio bulldozers and was able to and below this a games room. In operate on his own schedule, 1977 tennis was added to the shaping greens, in conjunction Westmount facilites. Four courts of with the family business. Dick superb quality and a most had taken over the day to day of enthusiastic group of members the company and golf courses turned this new activity into a were entering a period of growth. distinct success. Hugh shaped the greens at Over the years Hugh did Brampton, Golf Club, Tyandaga, Rideauview more than simply spruce up the course. A tee (Ottawa), and Bayview. Bayview was finished in construction project designed by Thomas McBroom the fall of 1960 and the and the next spring the added what amounts to one additional set of tees company went on a streak, building Sarnia, throughout the golf course, lengthening some holes Richmond Hill, Brampton and St. Catherine's by and providing advanced blocking on others. the fall of 1961. Hugh worked with C.E. Robinson Expansion of the parking lot required until 1966 traveling the country to supervise the reconstruction of the practice facilites. The new 11 construction of various golf courses, among them; acre range and nursery contains five tee decks Calgary's Earl Grey G.C., John Bloomberg G.C. in totalling 33,000 sq. ft. and 10 irrigated bentgrass Winnipeg, The Truro G.C. in Nova Scotia, Upper target greens sapced from 70 yards to 250 yards. The Canada G.C. nears Morrisburg, Ontario and right in edges of the range were mounded to contain shots his present back yard at Conestoga Golf Club. Hugh and a large mount was created at 270 yards from the has also worked with such notable architects as tee to separate the range and nursery. Rene Muylaert and Thomas McBroom. Wanting to The trees at Westmount are magnificent and settle down, Hugh applied for the position of Superintendent at Conestoga and stayed there from 1967 until 1973 when he applied for the position at a new course called Dalewood. He stayed there until 1978. In 1978 Westmount was looking for a new superintendent to spruce up the course for its upcoming 50th anniversary in 1981. The Westmount Golf Club, began on the 17th of June, 1929, when a group of about twenty members of the Grand River Golf Club met to consider acquiring sufficient land for a good eighteen hole golf course. The architect of the course was Mr. Stanley Thompson. Sufficient work had been done Hugh Kirkpatrick of Westmount Golf Club continued. storm and turf at the separation was wiped out while the remainder was perfect. Hugh suggested to Dennis McCracken, at the time, that stronger plastic sheets should be bonded together to allow one piece to cover an entire green. The "Evergreen" people came up with a woven plastic material that was used for swimming pool covers. Hugh's method of installing these covers is to custom fit them for the entire green including any slopes where water might come in. They then pin them down with staples every 12 to 20 inches around the perimeter of the cover. In windy locations he advises to lay branches or boards over the covers to help anchor them as you don't want to put any menacing both from a golfers point of view and a staples or holes in the cover. They also install farm superintendent's perspective. While they demand fence around the greens to keep the cross country accuracy and finesse from the golfer, they create skiers off the plastic covers. Hugh feels that the nightmares in turf management. The shade and lack covers should be removed as soon as the threat of of wind movement in sheltered areas play havoc ice damage is over. When the covers are removed, with disease, heat stress and ice damage.Hugh has there is the added bonus that the greens are dry, taken a golf course that at one point was 85% firm and free of sticks and debris. forested and created some space to breathe. Each On the pesticide regulation side, Hugh does fall approximately 80 wagons, 40 yards each, of not see an easing of recent legislation. He feels that leaves are removed from the course. To handle the we have been given an opportunity to have our massive accumulation of leaves, Hugh has three eyes opened as to just how much "perfection" we large compost piles in various stages of can live with and still be responsible stewards of the decomposition. They are turned with a bulldozer at environment. Golf courses continue to be the targets least once a year. The oldest compost is used in of misinformed, but for the most part, well meaning Westmount's flower beds. In addition to the on persons concerned for the environment. The fact going tree management program Hugh has remains that in urban and metropolitan areas, golf installed, at four green sites, fans to move air in courses are the few sanctuaries left for flora and some of the more sheltered areas. There are plans to fauna. Westmount was one of the first members of install four more fans. Another the New York Audubon Co-operative Sanctuary. technological advance is the practice, that has Each year 50 pheasants are released on the course. become popular on many golf courses, of using They, with the red-tailed hawks, add to the solid plastic green covers to protect greens and tees multitude of feathered creatures enhancing the over winter. Westmount Golf Club has had a long Westmount forest. Positive actions such as these history of wintering poorly. It is located in a snow and Integrated Pest Management are practices belt area and the course is heavily treed. The shaded which require the superintendent to be on top of and northern exposed green sites would become their games when it comes to environmental care. layered with ice. During a discussion about ice damage with some fellow superintendents, Hugh head that some experimenting had been done with solid plastic on problem green sites. Hugh decided Hugh is on top of to carry out some experiments of his own at his game and on the top Westmount. The theory was to install the plastic so of our list as the OGSA that all water would be kept from contacting the nomination as the Score surface of the green. He had recommended using 6 Awards Superintendent ml. construction grade plastic sheeting, 30 ft. x 100 of the year. ft. On one green in particular, Hugh had to join two pieces together. The pieces separated in a wind Golf And The Environment (Reprinted with permission of the GCSAA) 1. Well-managed golf courses provide substantial environmentally sound pesticide use. ecological and community benefits. 4. Are golfers at risk? Courses are: No. There is no scientific evidence that golfers Community greenspaces that provide face any chronic health risks from the pesticides recreational opportunities and also offer and used to maintain courses. enhance wildlife habitats. Once a liquid pesticide product is applied and "Air Conditioners" that produce vast amounts the turf is dry or the product has been watered in, of oxygen while cleansing the air of pollution and there is very little chance of exposure to golfers or cooling the atmosphere. others who enter the area. Water treatment systems: healthy turfgrass is an Golfers with possible chemical allergies are excellent filter that traps and holds pollutants in always encouraged to contact superintendents to place; courses actually serve as catch basins for find out what products might be in use. residential and industrial runoff; many courses are effective disposal sites for effluent wastewater. 5. The entire golf community is committed to being Among the best ways to reclaim and restore a model environmental industry for the 21st environmentally damaged sites, such as landfills. Century. Businesses that contribute substantially to communities through employment, taxes, property The United States Golf Association is pouring value improvement and enormous charitable millions of dollars into independent research to support. study issues such as water quality and wildlife habitat. 2. Science is on our side. The Golf Course Superintendents Association s have made environmental education a major focus Independent university research supports the of their education and information programs. fact that well-managed golf courses do not pose The nation's golf course architects now design significant risks to environmental quality, wildlife courses that reduce the need for pesticides, water or human health. and costly maintenance practices while preserving The modern pesticides and fertilizers used to habitat and environmental quality. maintain healthy golf course turf have been The Allied Associations in Golf are currently thoroughly tested and are considered safe when finalizing a set of "Environmental Principles" that used according to label directions. will offer guidance for responsible development, A pesticide product today has typically design, maintenance and facility operation for the undergone more than 120 studies at a cost of $50 future. million before it is registered. 6. We are working to correct public misconceptions 3. Today's golf course superintendents are educated about golf. professionals who care about environmental quality. Much of the environmental criticism of golf courses seems to be linked to local opposition to Most of today's superintendents have college community growth. degrees and substantial continuing education. Local "anti-growth" sentiment has often led to Superintendents are the nation's leading unscientific claims about pesticide usage and other practitioners of Integrated Pest Management, a highly charged issues such as wetlands and wildlife philosophy that reduces the potential habitat. environmental risks of pesticide usage. These isolated development disputes have led Virtually all golf courses employ at least one to public misperception. licensed pesticide applicator who is trained in Golf cars are a convenience enjoyed Golf Cars and Cart Paths by millions of players and a necessity for many golfers with disabilities. However, when they are driven improperly, they can cause serious damage to the course. More importantly, unsafe operation can lead to accidents and injuries. Here are some tips about responsible golf car operation: Safety First Golf cars should only be operated from the driver’s side. Never drive with more than two occupants or allow riders on the back of the car. Great games... Be sure your passenger is fully need great turf. seated and check for obstructions For fast, quick green up before tournaments use before moving. Ferromec •promotes dark green colour in 24 hours Keep your entire body -- particularly your feet -- inside the car when moving. Drive slowly through turns and drive • provides greening, without the growth straight and slow up and down slopes. Green Cross / Solaris Telephone: (905) 507-9628 Fax: (905) 507-9634 Be certain to set the brake when A Unit of Monsanto Canada Inc. coming to a complete stop. ® FERROMEC is a registered trademark of PBI Gordon Corp. ® GREEN CROSS is a registered trademark of Monsanto Company, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. Use extra care when operating a golf car in reverse, on hills, wet turf, loose surfaces or rough terrain. Remove the key when the golf car is not in use. Do not operate a golf car when impaired by alcohol or drugs. Golf cars do not provide protection from lightning - seek appropriate shelter if lightning is present. Follow The Rules The wear and tear of golf car traffic can cause unsightly and expensive damage to the golf course. Tire ruts in soft, wet areas can take weeks to heal. Compaction caused by heavy traffic can also ruin the playing surface. You can help prevent damage by following the Distributed by; course’s standard golf car policy and Allturf Ltd. 1-800-263-1293 Ontario Seed (519) 886-0557 obeying temporary restrictions caused McCracken Golf Supplies Inc. Ontario Turf Equipment Co. by weather, construction or other (905) 846-7178 (519)452-3540 factors. always avoid driving a golf car into the “approach” area Golf Cars and Cart Paths 20 - 30 years in front of the green.) Stop your vehicle to avoid distracting a nearby General Tips: player who is preparing to hit a shot. Never drive a golf car through Never drive into yards or neighboring properties. standing water in fairways or any turf Interesting Facts: areas that are obviously wet. The first golf car was invented in the late 1940s Never drive onto a green, collar or strictly for people with disabilities. tee or any marked hazard. About two-thirds of all regulation 18-hole rounds are Never drive into any area that has played with golf cars (NGF 1994). been recently seeded or sodded. Several states now allow golf cars to be registered Avoid abrupt stops and sharp turns for “street” usage. Since the introduction of golf cars, caddie usage has that cause “skidding.” dropped to only 1 percent of regulation rounds (NGF Spread out wear and tear by 1994). (Reprinted with permission of the GCSAA) avoiding compacted areas. If golf cars are allowed in the fairway, follow the 90-degree rule: stay on the path until you come even with your ball, The right approach to control clover, chickweed, dandelion, then make a 90-degree turn into the plantain and many other common weeds in turf fairway and drive directly to your ball. After your shot, drive directly back to the path. Killex Watch for special signage or other markers that direct traffic. Summer Formula • specifically formulated for use on "sensitive" (bent) grass • specifically formulated to minimize odor during and after application Avoid driving over sprinkler heads Green Cross / Solaris and yardage markers. Telephone: (905) 507-9628 Fax: (905) 507-9634 A Unit of Monsanto Canada Inc. Don’t drive cars into out-of-play ® GREEN CROSS, KILLEX SUMMER FORMULA AND SOLARIS are registered trademarks of areas that may be environmentally Monsanto Company, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. sensitive (wildflower patches, native grass plantings, marshes, etc.). Golfers with medically certified disabilities may need access to areas not normally open to golf car traffic. Their golf cars are generally marked with a flag to let others know they have special access. Avoid pulling off the path near tees and greens. Keep all four tires on the path whenever possible. Do not park with tires off the path. Drive Friendly If you “drive friendly,” your use of a golf car won’t impede the play of others: Distributed by; Park your golf car behind or beside the Allturf Ltd. Ontario Seed 1-800-263-1293 green - never in front - to allow players (519) 886-0557 McCracken Golf Supplies Inc. Ontario Turf Equipment Co. behind you to hit sooner after you’ve (905)846-7178 (519)452-3540 finished the hole. (You should generally Professor Vincent T. Covello Center for Risk Communication Dr. Vincent T. Covello is currently serving as Visiting Professor of Environmental Science and Seven Cardinal Rules Medicine at the Lawrence Hall of Science, of Risk Communication University of California at Berkeley. He has previously served as Professor of Environmental here are no easy prescriptions for T Sciences and Medicine and Professor of successful risk communication. Communications and Psychology in the School of However, those who have studied and Public Health at Columbia University. Professor participated in recent debates about risk Covello is also Director of the Center for Risk generally agree on seven cardinal rules. Communication in New York City and teaches These rules apply equally well to the public and courses on risk assessment, management, and private sectors. communication. Although many of the rules may seem obvious, Prior to his joining the faculty at Columbia, Dr. they are continually and consistently violated in Covello was Director of Risk Assessment Programs practice. Thus, a useful way to read these rules is to at the National Science Foundation and a senior focus on why they are frequently not followed. scientist at the White House Council on Accept and involve the public as a Environmental Quality in Washington, D.C. He has 1 legitimate partner also been a Study Director at the National Academy of Sciences and a Professor at Brown University. A basic tenet of risk communication in a Dr. Covello received his doctorates from Columbia democracy is that people and University and his B.A. with honors and M.A. from communities have a right to participate in decisions Cambridge University in England. He is on the that affect their lives, their property, and the things editorial board of several journals and is the Past they value. President of the Society for Risk Analysis, a Guidelines: Demonstrate your respect for the professional association with over 2,500 members. public and underscore the sincerity of your effort by Dr. Covello also serves on over 10 national and involving the community early, before important international environmental health advisory boards decisions are made. Involve all parties that have an and committees, including the U.S. Environmental interest or a stake in the issue under consideration. Protection Agency and the World Health If you are a government employee, remember that Organization. you work for the public. If you do not work for the Dr. Covello has authored or edited over 25 government, the public still holds you accountable. books and over 100 published articles on risk Point to Consider: assessment, management, and communication. The goal of risk communication in a democracy Among his most recent books are: Effective Risk should be to produce an informed public that is Communication; Evaluating Risk Communication involved, interested, reasonable, thoughtful, Programs; and Risk Analysis: A Guide to Principles solution-oriented, and collaborative; it should not and Methods for Analyzing Health and be to diffuse public concerns or replace action. Environmental Risks. Plan carefully and evaluate your efforts Dr. Covello has chaired over 30 conferences on risk assessment and communication. In addition, he has directed workshops and seminars on risk assessment and risk communication for over 100 Fortune 500 companies and over 30 government agencies. 2 Risk communication will be successful only if carefully planned. Guidelines: Begin with clear, explicit risk communication objectives —such as providing information to the public, motivating individuals to Seven Cardinal Rules... act, stimulating response to emergencies, or Be honest, frank, and open 4 contributing to the resolution of conflict. Evaluate the information you have about the risks and know In communicating risk information, trust its strengths and weaknesses. Classify and segment and credibility are your most precious the various groups in your audience. Aim your assets. communications at specific subgroups in your Guidelines: State your credentials; but do not ask audience. Aim your communications at specific or expect to be trusted by the public. If you do not subgroups in your audience. Recruit spokespeople know an answer or are uncertain, say so. Get back who are good at presentation and interaction. Train to people with answers. Admit mistakes, disclose your staff (including technical staff) in risk information as soon as possible (emphasizing communication skills; reward outstanding any reservations about reliability). Do not minimize performance. Whenever possible, pretest your or exaggerate the level of risk. Speculate only with messages. Carefully evaluate your efforts and learn great caution. If in doubt, lean toward sharing more from your mistakes. information, not less, or people may think you are hiding something. Discuss data uncertainties, Points to Consider:: strengths and weaknesses, including the ones There is no such entity as "the public"; instead, identified by other credible sources. Identify worst­ there are many publics, each with its own interests, case estimates as such, and cite ranges of risk needs, concerns, priorities, preferences, and estimates when appropriate. organizations. Point to Consider: Different risk communication goals, audiences, Trust and credibility are difficult to obtain. Once and media require different risk communication lost they are almost impossible to regain completely. strategies. Coordinate and collaborate with other 5 Listen to the public's specific concerns creditable sources 3 If you do not listen to people, you cannot expect them to listen to Communication is a two-way activity. Guidelines: Do not make assumptions about what people know, think, or want done about risks. Take you. Allies can be effective in helping you communicate risk information. Guidelines: Take time to coordinate all inter- organizational and intra-organizational communications. Devote effort and resources to the the time to find out what people are thinking: use slow, hard work of building bridges with other techniques such as interviews, focus groups, and organizations. Use credible and authoritative surveys. Let all parties that have an interest or a intermediaries. Consult with others to determine stake in the issue be heard. Identify with your who is best able to answer questions about risk. Try audience and try to put yourself in their place. to issue communications jointly with other Recognize people's emotions. Let people know that trustworthy sources (for example, credible you understand what they said, addressing their university scientists, physicians, or trusted local concerns as well as yours. Recognize the "hidden officials). agendas," symbolic meanings, and broader Point to Consider: economic or political considerations that often Few things make risk communication more underlie and complicate the task of risk difficult than conflicts or public disagreements with communication. other credible sources. Point to Consider: People in the community are often more Meet the needs of the media 6 concerned about such issues as trust, credibility, competence, control, voluntariness, fairness, caring, The media are a prime transmitter of and compassion than about mortality statistics and information on risks; they play a critical the details of quantitative risk assessment. role in setting agendas and in determining O.G.S.A. BULETIN 1996 OGSA GOLF & MEETINGS PRESIDENT/GREENS CHAIRMAN Corrie Almack. P.Ag. SUPERINTENDENT/DIRECTOR: Monday July 22,1996 Almack & Associates Box 256, Carlisle, Ontario LOR 1H0 905-689-6174 Angus Glen Golf Club Host: Earnie Amsler GTI SUMMER FIELD DAY: Monday August 19,1996 Galt Country Club Host: Mark Piccolo David B. Dick Jeff McMaster The O.M. Scott & Sons Company The O.M. Scott & Sons Company 39 Monte vista Trail 1864 Bowler Drive Brampton, Ontario L6Z 3E4 Pickering, Ontario L1V 3E4 WOGSA GOLF & MEETINGS Fax + Telephone: (905) 846-3319 Telephone: (905) 839-6526 1-8U0-543-0U06 August TBA Twenty Valley Golf Club Host: John Taylor Sept 24,1996 RICK SERRAO CGCS Brantford Golf & Country Club Host: Rick Piccolo Off: (905) 564-0520 15- 1050 Britannia Rd. Mississauga, OntarioL4W 4N9 Fax: (905)564-0519 GEORGIAN BAY SUPERINTENDENT'S Home: (905) 578-1945 Fax: (905) 578-5764 ASSOCIATION July 23 Marlwood Golf Club NEW BOOK RELEASE Host: Don Campbell Gordon Witteveen has just finished chapter ten August 15 of a twenty chapter book on the history of greens Owen Sound Golf Club keeping which he is co-writing with Michael Bavier Host: Mark Schneider of the Inverness Club in Chicago. The book should max out at 300 pages with 50 photographs. September 17 Release is expected early next year. Muskoka Lakes Golf Club Host: James Flett OTTAWA VALLEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION PROFESSIONAL TURF PRODUCTS EXECUTIVE DAY: August 12 Royal Ottawa Golf Club Rob Field Host: Stephen Verrall Ontario Sales Manager - PTP Tel: (905)541-8872 Fax: (905)632-2158 RO. Box 1148, Hwy. #59 S., Woodstock, Ontario N4S 8P6 FALL FIELD DAY: October 4 Customer Service 1-800-268-2806 Hylands Golf Club Host: Charles Guy Contact: France Lacelle Phone: (613) 443-0027 Over 100 Years of Growing Service Fax: (613) 443-0103 Tami J. Packham David J. Schmelefske A. Kent MacDonald NEWCOURT 330 Philip St. p.o. Box 144, Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2J 3Z9 Telephone: (519) 886-0557 Fax: (519) 886-0605 EXPANDS GOLF LEASE _______________________1-800-465-5849_____________________ PROGRAM Chris Rayner, Assistant Vice President,Newcourt Financial, is pleased to announce the appointment Bill Greaves of Tom Fischer as Manager, Golf Program. Tom brings 8 Box 25113 London, Ontario NBC 6A8 years of golf experience to Newcourt. He has previous Phone: (519) 685-9788 1-800-898-2138 finance experience as well Fax: (519) 685-9502 which make him ideally suited to support the superintendents, says Rayner. The trend to leasing in the Golf course equipment industry has really taken off in the last few years, adds Fischer. Superintendents are feeling Business Cards and Advertising increasing pressure to offer golfers better playing Rates are available through the conditions with fewer dollars. Whether it is a single O.G.S.A. Office greenmower, an irrigation system, or an entire Call Cindi Charters revamping of the equipment fleet. Newcourt can For Imformation offer financial services that are customized to each (519) 824-O.G.S.A. superintendent's unique needs. Seven Cardinal Rules... outcomes. make technical risk data come alive. Avoid distant, Guidelines: Be open with and accessible to abstract, unfeeling language about deaths, injuries, reporters. Respect their deadlines. Provide risk and illnesses. Acknowledge and respond (both in information tailored to the needs of each type of words and with actions) to emotions that people media (for example, graphics and other visual aids express-anxiety, fear, anger, outrage, helplessness. for television). Prepare in advance and provide Acknowledge and respond to the distinctions that background material on complex risk issues. Do not the public views as important in evaluating risks, hesitate to follow up on stories with praise or e.g., voluntariness, controllability, familiarity, criticism, as warranted. Try to establish long-term dread, origin (natural or man-made), benefits, relationships of trust with specific editors and fairness, and catastrophic potential. Use risk reporters. comparisons to help put risks in perspective; but Point to Consider: avoid comparisons that ignore distinctions that The media are frequently more interested in people consider important. Always try to include a politics than in risk; more interested in simplicity discussion of actions that are under way or can be than in complexity; more interested in danger than taken. Tell people what you cannot do. Promise in safety. only what you can do, and be sure to do what you promise. Speak clearly and with compassion Points to Consider: 7 Regardless of how well you communicate Technical language and jargon are useful risk information, some people will not be satisfied. as professional shorthand. But they are Never let your efforts to inform people about risks barriers to successful communication with prevent you from acknowledging—and saying—that the public. any illness, injury, or death is a tragedy. Guidelines: Use simple, non-technical language. Be If people are sufficiently motivated, they are quite sensitive to local norms, such as speech and dress. capable of understanding complex risk information, Use vivid, concrete images that communicate on a even if they may not agree with you. personal level. Use examples and anecdotes that Now There's A Third Option... Backed Up With 10 Years of Experience Century - Your Link to Legacy In the past, golf course superintendents generally got two bids Whether you are replacing just one head, an entire system when replacing an irrigation system. But now there's a new option. or planning a new course, call a Century golf professional. Legacy has brought together the world leader in gear- drive With more than 30 years of experience and an impressive list technology and the leader in control systems and valves of satisfied customers. 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STUDY SHOWS IMPROVEMENT IN GOLFER'S ENVIRONMNET ATTITUDES from Newsline (a publication from the GCSAA) The majority of U.S. golfers believe that rake bunkers and replace and fill divots." golf course superintendents use fertilizers The results of the image section of the study will be used and pesticides responsibly, and their general by GCSAA to guide its public relations programs and to concerns about the environmental impact of create a baseline to measure the success of future golfer golf have decreased, according to a new education efforts. independent study commissioned by "We are making a substantial investment in educational programs, including our TV show, 'Par for the Course' which GCSAA. airs on ESPN," Williams says. "We want to be able to track The study, which was conducted by the the effectiveness of our efforts to ensure we're doing the right National Golf Foundation (NGF) at things to raise the visibility of our members and to enhance GCSAA's request, examined the attitudes of their image within golf." a demographically representative group of more than 1,000 golfers. The focus of the study was on three key areas; environment, course conditioning and the image of the superintendent. One section of the study replicated the NGF's 1994 survey of environmental issues among golfers. More than 80% of golfers surveyed believe that superintendents are environmentally responsible and they use chemicals and water wisely. Nearly two- thirds of golfers now believe that golf courses are good for the environment - a figure up from just 55% less than two years ago. "Golfers believe in the need to protect our environment. They are very confident about superintendents' abilities to manage courses in an environmentally responsible manner," says Bruce R. Williams, CGCS, GCSAA President. "This study indicates attitudes are improving, and although it's Tee up... a proven performer on the impossible to say for sure, we'd like to think golf course that the educational efforts by GCSAA, the USGA and other golf associations have helped to change misperceptions among Easout • controls dollar spot, brown patch, fusarium patch, players." and pink snow mold Golfers cited unrepaired ball marks as • same fungitoxic component as Tersan 1991 Green Cross / Solaris the most "bothersome" and "frequent" Telephone: (905) 507-9628 Fax: (905) 507-9634 course conditioning problem. A Unit of Monsanto Canada Inc. ® EASOUT is a registered trademark of Ciba Geigy Canada. "It was interesting that the thing ® GREEN CROSS and SOLARIS are registered trademarks of Monsanto Company, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. ® TERSAN is a registered trademark of Dupont Canada Inc. bothering golfers most - unrepaired ball marks - is a problem they can and should fix Distributed by; Allturf Ltd. Ontario Seed Ontario Turf Equipment Co. themselves," Williams says. "The study 1-800-263-1293 (519) 886-0557 (519)452-3540 confirms that there still are not enough golfers who routinely repair ball marks, The Guelph Turfgrass Institute on the World Wide Web As of November 1995, the Guelph Information about research, education and extension Turfgrass Institute has joined an ever- services offered through the GTI. growing community of turfgrass and golf related sites on the World Wide Web. Our Home pages for turf industry organizations at the G.M. pages are designed to deliver timely and Frost Research and Information Centre (including the useful text and graphical information about Ontario Turfgrass Research Foundation, the Ontario Golf turf management and the turf industry via Superintendents Association, and the Sports Turf the internet located at: Association). http://www.oguelph.ca/GTI/gtihom.htm Our pages cater to surfing turfgrass We are averaging ~1500 hits per week, with people from managers and researchers. all around the world signing our guest book. Come and visit us - we welcome your comments and suggestions about how The site includes: to improve the site. Our collection of turfgrass links, that is, the URl's ( addresses ) of other turf-related sites on the internet. This is one of the most popular portions of our site. We do our best to keep up-to-date, and try to highlight new, interesting, and comprehensive sites as well. The GTI annual research reports. As we are able to digitize them, previous annual reports will be added to the site. The current annual reports are available through the Ontario Turfgrass Research Foundation. Contact information for GTI faculty and staff, other turf researchers, turf associations, and turf publications. Turf factsheets. Bulletin boards, where turf managers and researchers can pin announcements, turf management questions & answers, equipment buy and sell notices, jobs For... available/wanted postings, or just general outstanding residual control of dollar spot, graffiti. snow mold and other turf diseases A calendar of turfgrass events (dormant at the moment because of the time required New Banner® • systemic fungicide to keep it current) • available in a unique 5 L jug • ideal tank mix partner with Daconil® Pages dealing with pesticides in the Green Cross / Solaris Telephone: (905) 507-9628 Fax: (905) 507-9634 urban landscape. A Unit of Monsanto Canada Inc. ® BANNER is a registered trademark of Ciba Geigy Canada. ® DACONIL is a registered trademark of ISK Biosciences Corporation. ® GREEN CROSS is a registered trademark of Information about the GTI, its history Monsanto Company, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. and mandate. Connections with other Distributed by; University of Guelph web pages. Allturf Ltd. McCracken Golf Supplies Inc. Ontario Seed 1-800-263-1293 (905) 846-7178 (519) 886-0557 BROWN PATCH DISEASE BY TOM HSIANG, PATHOLOGIST, GUELPH TURFGRASS INSTITUTE Brown Patch is a sclerotia or mycelium in diseased or dead tissue. warm season disease and - The overwintering fungus begins to grow when air only occurs under hot temperature reaches approximately 18C, but fungal humid conditions in growth halts at about 32C. southern Ontario. In the - Moisture must be present on the leaves for the American southeast, it is fungus to attack healthy grass plants. an extremely important - The fungus enters leaf pores and wounds to infect disease and a great deal of fungicide is used there to leaves and sheaths. control it. In this issue, we'll discuss ways of - The infected tissues die and sclerotia are formed. recognizing and dealing with Brown Patch which is CULTURAL CONTROL: also called Rhizoctonia Patch or Brown Spot. - Reduce shade and increase air circulation. PATHOGEN: Rhizoctonia solani (this organism is - Drag a hose or pole over turf to reduce leaf surface also known to cause black scurf of potatoes, wetness. damping- off and many other diseases on many - Reduce N fertilization during summer, and use different host plants) light and frequent applications rather than single HOST PLANTS: All northern turfgrasses, large applications. particularly bentgrass, annual bluegrass and - Minimize thatch. perennial ryegrass. - Maintain soil pH at 7 or slightly lower. SEASON OF OCCURRENCE: Mid to late summer, - Avoid night watering. with warm wet weather. CHEMICAL CONTROL CONDITIONS FAVOURING DISEASE: - The disease can spread rapidly, so fungicides - Hot, humid weather with temperatures greater should be applied promptly at first sign of the than 26C and extended periods of leaf wetness disease. (similar to conditions favourable for Anthracnose - Fungicides containing one or more of the and Pythium Blight conditions; but since Brown following active ingredients are registered for Patch is mainly a foliar blight, there is potentially control: chlorothalonil, iprodione, benomyl, better recovery compared to the other two diseases). anilazine, thiophanatemethyl, thiram, - Dense, highly fertilized stands. propiconazole and phenyl mercuric acetate. Consult - Prolonged dew or a film of moisture on the foliage provincial publications and product labels for or frequent watering. registered uses and recommended rates. - Poorly drained thatch. - This disease can be dealt with curatively after - Acidic soils. symptoms are first seen. SYMPTOMS: RESISTANT TURFGRASS: - On higher cut turf, the symptoms may be less - None of the northern turfgrasses are resistant. apparent, with just a circular pattern of thinned turf. The centre of the patch may recover giving a frog­ eye appearance. There may also be lesions on the leaf blades similar to Dollar Spot lesions, but not as bleached. Lesion borders are not straight like Dollar Spot. - On lower cut turf (less than 20mm height), diseased patches are initially purplish green, but then die out to a light brown. - During warm humid weather, a purplish or greyish-brown margin called a "smoke ring" may be visible in the morning. It disappears before mid- day.- Within the diseased areas, there may be some healthy grass due to recovery. LIFE CYCLE: - The fungus overwinters in soil or thatch as Our guest speaker this year was Corrie Allmark of Nu Gro's Annual Brookside lubs. Corrie's presentation was well accepted and included insightful tips on Appreciation Day understanding greens mix specifications. We by Rob Field would like to wish all who attended a successful growing season and look forward to having you back next year. Georgian Bay Superintendents' Association The second event of the GBSA was hosted by Gary Gravett at Saugeen Golf Club on June 19th. In all there were 70 participants and an excellent trade show with an equipment demonstration. Dinner was followed by a 20 minute slide Nu Gro's 6th annual appreciation day was held presentation of the new nine holes at Saugeen G.C. June 24th at the Heron Point. Golf links. Unsettled Tied at 75 were Chris Densmore, Tyler Smith and morning weather did not hinder the enthusiusm as Pierre Deslodge, with Chris winning through we enjoyed our fullest field to date. This years retrogression. Pictured below are the happy guests format was changed to a team scramble & proved to the equipment and the putting green after aeration, be a great success. We plan to continue this format verticutting, overseeding and rolling. for our 7th annual event 23rd/97 at Heron Point. The interested onlookers are testing the speed of the green. The next event will be hosted by Don Campbell, at the Marlwood Golf Club on July 23. Please plan to attend and experience some northern hospitality. Everyone is welcome and the ALWAYS CLOSE BY. more the merrier. COMPACT SOD SOD OUTLET CAMBRIDGE LONDON (519)653-7494 (519)652-3510 Fax: (519) 653-0833 ONTARIO SOD HAMILTON SOD MISSISSAUGA HAMILTON (905)257-8795 (905) 389-1315 Over 100 Years of Growing Service Fax: (905) 679-4444 Tami J. Packham SOD OUTLET NIAGARA REGION David J. Schmelefske (905) 984-8448 A. Kent MacDonald 330 Philip St. p.o. Box 144, Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2J 3Z9 Our Reputation is Growing! Telephone: (519) 886-0557 Fax: (519) 886-0605 1-800-465-5849 Maintenance on a Shoestring by Patrick M. O'Brien Director, Southeastern Region, USGA Green Section maintenance cost saving ideas will be "A man who says something shared. can't be done, should get out of the way of the man doing it." Hire a Knowledgeable Golf -- Chinese proverb Superintendent From the informal 1994 fall survey of the Green Section staff, every Golf course maintenance agronomist agreed that hiring an costs are skyrocketing. experienced golf superintendent is a Operational maintenance costs key to success at low-budget facilities. have been rising approximately Experience counts, because with it 8% annually over the past 10 comes knowledge of short-cuts and years, compared to an average how to spend available money. A good inflation rate of approximately superintendent can optimize the 4%. agronomic program, including Despite these numbers, many product purchases, staff training, and golf courses are being operated chemical applications. Savings with budgets far below industry accrued because of sound decisions averages. These represent golf will more than make up for the higher courses that can get by with what salary required for an experienced can be termed Maintenance on a individual in this critical position. Shoestring. At what level does This qualified superintendent doesn't Maintenance on a Shoestring begin today? necessarily need to have strong academic According to a fall 1994 survey of 16 USGA Green credentials, such as a B.S. Degree or certified golf Section agronomists, annual golf courses with course superintendent (CGCS) status, but a maintenance budgets of $300,000 U.S. or less could combination of education and experience is a plus. be considered in this category. A Maintenance on a The person should be a well-trained and Shoestring designation does not necessarily mean experienced individual who will prevent waste, that a course is without resources or has an inferior spend funds wisely, and make good daily decisions. maintenance program, but because of their chosen budget, they could be considered in this category. The Plan To make up for the smaller budget, it is essential to The first step in predicting the maintenance operate these facilities with superior management costs of a golf course for the next fiscal year is to and expertise. develop a plan. A meeting can be held between the Golf was first played on sites that required very golf course superintendent and the owner or green little maintenance. The first Scottish links courses chairman, for example, to determine maintenance were shaped at no cost by the wind, rain, and the objectives, policies, and planned improvements for burrowing activities of sheep. Golfers played on the next golfing season. Based on these priorities, these sandy sites only where the grass grew best on the superintendent can estimate the funds needed its own, and sheep maintained the turfed areas. for each line item of the operational budget. However, maintenance standards have come a long One public course that meets the criteria for way since the days of sheep-kept grasses. Today's Maintenance on a Shoestring is the Moccasin Bend park-like surroundings require a reasonable budget Golf Course, Chattanooga, Tennessee. Owner and a labor force to keep them up to standard. If a Wesley G. Brown and golf superintendent Lee Roy course sets a budget of $300,000 or less, certain Webb include these priorities in their plan: priorities must be established to make best use of Level and intensity of maintenance available dollars. Following are the most often Predicted fertilizer and pesticide use expressed concerns of course owners, club officials, Anticipated equipment and irrigation parts and golf course superintendents regarding New bunker sand budgeting priorities at golf facilities with Tee leveling projects operational budgets at or below $300,000. Basic Gasoline and other power costs ideas on operational budget preparation, Meeting and travel expenses establishing priorities, and opportunities for Miscellaneous With a plan, it is now possible for the golf course superintendent to establish a budget. Establishing a Budget The budget is the financial map for the golf course maintenance department. There are two types of budgets needed at a golf course: operational and capital. The operational budget details the anticipated expenses for the upcoming year. Most operational budgets are divided into two simple categories, termed payroll and operating expenses. Labor costs usually represent 50% to 65% of a budget. They generally include wages, payroll taxes, medical insurance, and other benefits. Operating costs make up the remainder of the budget, and can include a host of categories, such as The Flexible Operational Budget fertilizers, chemicals, bunker sand, equipment and Most golf courses operate on a flexible, rather irrigation repairs, etc. than a fixed budget, which once approved cannot be changed. Flexible means the budget is not exact and is subject to change as the year progresses. Golf course superintendents strive to budget conservatively and not exceed planned expenditures for the fiscal year. However, anyone who has been involved in the golf business knows it is wise to be flexible with a maintenance budget. Line item categories cannot always be predicted. Some years' budget priorities sometimes have to be changed. For example, all of the bermudagrass fairways and tees winterkilled at the Moccasin Bend Golf Course in 1994, causing an unexpected sprig and sod expenditure of more than $30,000. Usually, the budget runs from January through December, although the fiscal year can run for any convenient 12-month period. Budget recordkeeping Capital budgets include expenditures for large can be done easily today on a computer. Off-the- equipment and items with a life expectancy of more shelf spreadsheet or data base software, or custom than one year. Two categories, called capital software written for golf course operations, such as improvements and capital expenses, may be TRIMS, SCMS, Par-plus, or GCS for Windows, are included in this budget. Capital improvements popular choices for this task. Expenditures should improve the value of the golf course and could be allocated to a specific line item and coded include a new irrigation system, bridges, tree correctly. If a category has been overspent one plantings, new greens, maintenance facility, etc. month, an explanation can be included in the Obviously, these items typically require large narrative. Also, management should never set a financial outlays, Long-range plans for five years or rule that if a category is below budget for a month, more are usually developed, setting priorities for those funds are lost. Some golf superintendents are these expenditures and establishing target dates for forced to spend money at the end of the month just project completion, and are updated annually. to avoid losing it. Additionally, include only line Capital expenses usually refers to any new items that relate to golf course maintenance in the equipment purchase, but also can include office budget. Other line items, such as golf cart furniture, new computers, office lockers, and many maintenance and repair, should be part of another other items. Buying a few new pieces of equipment budget. annually, even if only a modest amount of money is available, helps to meet the long-range goals. It is The High Cost of Mowing better to stretch out equipment replacement by "Mowing costs may be as high as 70 to 80% of making a few key purchases every year, rather than the total budget at a low-budget course," according getting hopelessly behind and eventually facing the to Dr. Joseph DePaola of the Ciba-Geigy need for significant expenditures. Corporation. "Labor, fuel, equipment depreciation, and equipment costs all contribute to the total cost Using rotary mowers to mulch leaves, twigs, and other debris. Naturalizing tee surrounds and carry areas to the fairways. Providing good drainage so that larger mowers can operate more effectively on fairways and roughs. Judicious Use of Fertilizer Saves Money One very important cost-cutting strategy is the competitive bidding of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides. Don't buy all materials from just one company. Bid sheets with the quantities of these of mowing. This figure not only includes the actual items needed should be prepared. Many companies mowing operation, but also the cleanup after offer significant discounts by pre-ordering mowing, which involves blowing or removing the materials in bulk and paying early in the spring excess clippings. This cleanup may involve just as season. However, bulk purchases only work if an much time as the actual mowing," says Dr. DiPaola. adequate storage building is available. Applying a growth regulator, such as Primo, to If need be, develop an annual supply contract, with reduce clippings and mowing frequency to primary delivery as needed. That keeps just one or two play areas, such as green banks, fairways, tees, and secondary roughs, can save money. This "liquid applications of pesticides on hand. labor" saves money by reducing the need for Bulk spreading of fertilizers, lime and other services mowing, clipping cleanup, edging, and mower can save labor hours. Many low-budget courses cleanup. With less time spent mowing, it may be contract all fairway and rough fertilization and possible to increase time spent on other activities of spring pre-emerge herbicide applications. your choice. Fertilize the turf grass only as needed, and base Significant mowing costs also can be associated nutrient applications on annual soil test results. with maintenance of steep slopes, bunker edging, Concentrate on the major turfgrass nutrients, curbing, mulched areas, cart path edges, etc. Hand including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in mowing, string trimming, and flymowing also significantly increase total mowing costs. At the the fertilization program. Avoid costly quick cure Royal Lakes Golf & Country Club, near Gainesville, products for what ails the turf. Instead, stick with a Georgia, golf course superintendent Frank Siple has few simple programs that will help the grass grow. measured the total golf course linear edging lengths. It came to a total of 12.2 miles of linear Maximize Labor, Equipment, and Irrigation edging, but did not include trimming and edging Employee training is especially important at a around trees, which isn't done at this course. The low-budget course, since assistant superintendents use of non-selective herbicides, such as Roundup or usually aren't on staff to provide additional Finale, or growth regulators to reduce trimming along these borders saves money. expertise and supervision. Invest in key staff Other money-saving tips for reducing mowing employees by sending them to turf conferences, costs include: seminars, and turfgrass field days. Also, hire a Allowing natural grassy areas to develop in out- qualified mechanic. Don't cut corners on this key of-play rough areas. However, give the golfers staff position. Equip the maintenance staff with plenty of margin for error on fairways to keep play two-way radio communications to increase the moving and most players happy. efficiency of staff and equipment. Reducing mowing acreage, such as around tees, Purchase labor-saving equipment such as pond banks, etc. Reducing frequently mowed power bunker rakes, large gang units, and rotary fairway turf by contour mowing to reduce fairway area. mowers, triplex mowers, etc. To reduce wear and Eliminating ropes and stakes, which slow tear at some sites, lightweight five-gang mowers are mowing efficiency. Use other, more efficient traffic­ preferred over large gang units. Regular yearly control measures, such as 4-foot-tall movable investment in new maintenance equipment is indicator posts, permanent curbing, movable essential, even if only a modest amount. barriers, etc. Daily maintenance equipment repairs and record­ and brush that interfere with grass growth, keeping will save money in the long run. It is the especially on the eastern side of tees and greens. To key to avoiding breakdowns and costly repairs. An improve a poor turf-growing environment, remove 8' x 10' sign at the maintenance facility at Summit low-branched tree limbs to increase mowing Chase Country Club in Snellville, Georgia, reminds efficiency and air movement. Prune tree roots employees daily that "Preventive Maintenance toprevent competition for moisture and nutrients. Means Finer Performance." A good, dependable irrigation system is a top priority. Monitor soil moisture to help establish irrigation schedules. Decrease electrical pump costs by irrigating between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Ask the power company about load management plans. These plans alert golf course superintendents about high power use days, and significant savings occur by irrigating at certain times specified by the power company. In most instances, only minor irrigation scheduling adjustments are required to participate. Investigate the use of effluent water, but don't buy water without sizable help from the sewage district. Be sure that processing standards are high and that the supply can be turned off when the sewage plant is not operating properly. Set up Irrigation Conservation Areas and native landscape areas for water conservation. Use new, low-water-use The use of shredded hardwood bark or pine needles turfgrasses where possible. under trees will reduce mowing, speed play, cover tree roots, and improve soil conditions for the trees. Reducing the Effects of Bunkers and Trees on the Periodic chemical mowing with non-selective plus Course Saves Money preemergent herbicides, such as Roundup will help It is desirable to have a few well-placed reduce weeds at mulched sites. bunkers, especially around the greens rather than in the fairways. Bunkers are very expensive to Conclusion maintain. They are costly to rake, mow around, There is no established standard for a golf keep filled with sand, and keep well drained. course maintenance budget. Tremendous Remove bunkers that impede traffic flow to key variability exists in how costs and expenditures are areas, and reshape bunkers so that it's more categorized. However, implementing as many of convenient to mow. Sod any sand bunker faces that these tips as possible will help your course save wash out after rains. money on a tight budget. Careful maintenance Trees affect turfgrass growth by causing shade, planning can make a big financial difference for any restricted air movement, and tree root competition. golf course that lives by the standard Maintenance Maximize morning sunlight and provide for on a Shoestring. adequate air flow at greens and tees. Remove trees Economical Pole Frame Buildings For All Your Needs... Building Systems Ltd. RURAL & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Call collect to Jack or Rick Brenzil for a Free Estimate... (905) 772-3551 (905) 388-6865 Over 30 Years Experience! 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