U S G JW. JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT PRIVATE PARTY AT THE PUBLIC LINKS These are the semi-finalists in the Amateur Public Links Championship at the Miami (Fla.) Country Club, each with a hand on the James D. Standish, Jr., Cup. From the left: Omer L. (Pete) Bogan, of South Gate, Cal., who later won; Robert J. Scherer, of Decatur, Ill., the runner-up; John Halin, of Spokane, Wash.; and Robert L. Kurz, of Miami Springs, Fla. VSGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION PERMISSION TO REPRINT ARTICLES HEREIN IS FREELY GRANTED (UNLESS SPECIFICALLY NOTED OTHERWISE) PROVIDED CREDIT IS GIVEN ____________________ TO THE USGA JOURNAL_____________________________ Vol. V, No. 4 August, 1952 Through the Green.......................................................................................... 1 Sportsman’s Corner ........................................................................................ 3 How Rough Should Rough Be? ................................................................... 5 Original Trophy Given to “Golf House” By Edward S. Knapp, Jr. 7 The Amateur and His Expenses................................. James W. Walker 8 Why We Need Junior Golfers..............................................George Lake 10 A New International Team..........................................Joseph C. Dey, Jr. 11 The Women from the Start .................... John P. English 14 Fast Play in the Public Links Event ...................................................... 21 The Referee: Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees................ 22 Turf Management: USGA Green Section Turf Research Fellowship at Penn State ................................................................... 25 Release of Meyer Zoysia to State Experiment Stations .................................... 26 Changing the Grass in a Green.............................................................................................. 28 A Turf Nursery as Insurance ............................... 29 Merion Bluegrass Study ......................................................................................................... 30 Renovation of Poor Turf ..................................... 31 The Topsoil Myth ..................................................................................................................... 31 No National Turf Field Days at Beltsville ............................................................... 32 Information Wanted on Dahlgren (C-115) Bent ................................................. 32 It’s Your Honor: Letters.............................................................................. 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 East 38th St., New York 16, N. Y. Subscriptions: $2 a year. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence, except pertaining to Green Section matters, should be sent to the above address. Correspondence pertaining to Green Section matters should be addressed to USGA Green Section, Room 331, Administration Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md., or to USGA Green Section West Coast Office, Box 241, Davis, Cal. Entered as second-class matter March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Edited by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and John P. English. Advisory Committee—John D. Ames, Chairman; Isaac B. Grainger, Curtis W. McGraw and Bernard H. Ridder, Jr. All articles voluntarily contributed. Printed in U. S. A. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1952 The Americas Cup Match—August 14 and 15 at Seattle Golf Club, Seattle, Wash. Men’s amateur teams, Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States. (Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office, except in the case of the Amateur Publ ic Links Championship. For possible exceptions in dates of Sectional Qualifying Rounds, see entry forms.) Championship Amateur Entries Close Sectional Qualifying Rounds Championship Dates Venue Closed Aug. 4-5 Aug. 18-23 Girls' Junior Aug. 4 None Aug. 18-21 Women's Amateur Aug. 7 None Aug. 25-30 Seattle G. C., Seattle, Wash. Monterey Peninsula C. C., Pebble Beach, Cai. Waverley C. C., Portland, Ore. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 I THROUGH THE GREEN O. B/s Portrait Thanks to the Atlanta Golf Association, an excellent oil painting of the late 0. B. Keeler is now hanging in “Golf House,” and we’re proud to have it there with the pictures of champions whose exploits he described with such skill. 0. B. wrote of golf in the Atlanta Journal and other publications for more than three decades and, as everyone knows, followed Bob Jones stroke by stroke through the thirteen major cham­ pionships he won, as well as through those he lost. The designation “Jones’ Boswell” was really never broad enough to fit 0. B., however. 0. B. made an in­ delible impression on the game in his own right, through his typewriter, and would have done so if Jones had never won a tournament. The painting, which was done by Glas­ cock Reynolds, an Atlanta artist and friend of 0. B., was presented by W. D. P. McDowell, President of the Atlanta Golf Association, and by Mrs. Keeler. Also attending the ceremony were Mrs. Walter P. Andrews, of New York; Mrs. Ralph Kennedy, of New York; Mrs. Fred C. Page, of Pinehurst, N. C.; Mrs. Henry McLemore, of New York; Gerald P. Mur­ phy, of New York; Mrs. Roland Reppert, of Pelham Manor, N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Ackerly, of Valley Stream, N. Y.; and Robert E. Harlow, John Derr, Whit­ ney Martin and Pat Robinson, of the press. One of the Nice Things W. A. Moynihan, of Milwaukee, a member of our Junior Championship Committee, got his spade out last month and turned up an excellent entry in Wis­ consin for our Junior Amateur Cham­ pionship. Then the Public Links Association there did a very nice thing. It rewarded the enthusiasm of the boys by raising funds to send three qualifiers to the Championship proper at the Yale Golf Course, in New Haven, Conn. That’s the sort of cooperation that makes the game g°- Are You a Gope? A gope, as everyone around Washing­ ton and Oregon knows, is a golf dope, a person who lacks a sense of golf courtesy. A prevalent predator at all golf courses, he brings out the beast in even the most retiring linksman. So say Rudy Lachenmeier and Dale Johnson, of Portland, Ore., who have published a pocket-sized pamphlet on the subject, susceptible of being passed forth­ with to any of the eight types of gopes you may encounter. “Gope No. 8,” for instance, “carelessly walks through sand traps. He tramps the sand about gleefully, gloating in the fact that his tracks may cause others addi­ tional s rokes. He loves to find muddy or newly seeded areas of the fairway and ruin the grass.” The authors point out: “The courteous golfer never disturbs sand traps except to play his shot. After he has played his stroke, he smoothes the sand with his club or with a rake. Neither does he step on 2 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 muddy or newly seeded areas unless necessary.” What the Girls Think There was a long rainy day during the Junior Girls’ Championship at the On- wentsia Club, in Lake Forest, Ill., last year, and Mrs. Charles Dennehy, the Chairman of the USGA Committee, sug­ gested that the girls improve the moist hours by setting down on paper their thoughts about the game of golf. Their comments revealed many facets of the young mind, all interesting, and there is no reason to believe that girl golfers in the 1952 Championship at the Monterey Peninsula Country Club, in Pebble Beach, Cal., or elsewhere, think any differently. Miss Arlene Brooks, of the Annandale Golf Club, Pasadena, Cal., who was to win the 1951 Championship, wrote: “Good sportsmanship is always a must in my mind. If nothing else, golf teaches one to be a good sport, a good loser if he must and a better golfer ... I am happy that I am physically able to par­ ticipate in these tournaments, and very grateful to the women who give their time to give them to us.” Another entrant said: “The junior events are wonderful for kids. You meet lots of people, learn to get along with everyone. Golf calls for courtesy, patience, control of the emotions and some ac­ knowledgment of the rights of others.” There was frank talk, too. One contestant wrote: “One of the big­ gest problems is the lack of interest shown by some clubs in junior golf. With no one to encourage or help her along, a youngster will soon lose her interest in golf . . . Junior tournaments sponsored by members of the club would certainly encourage the juniors.” Another commented: “Some older women dislike playing with girls younger, especially if the junior can beat them. Consequently, the junior will drop out and find some other sport where there are girls her age.” Still another, a true Californian, said: “Take girls’ junior golf in California, for instance. Everything seems to be in their favor. The adult golfers there are behind the juniors all the way. They sponsor tournaments and make them as enjoyable as possible. One of the most admirable things is that they have a wonderful at­ titude when they are played and beaten by the youngsters. In the East, junior tournaments are few and far between. The adults dislike very much being de­ feated by juniors and make it very ob­ vious.” Generally, though, there was apprecia­ tion, as exemplified by one young writer who remarked: “The national organiza­ tions are really making a wonderful ef­ fort, but it’s too bad the local organiza­ tions aren’t doing more.” Dinner Talk The Kittansett Club’s invitations for its delightful Hen & Chickens mixed four­ some tournament at Marion, Mass., con­ tained the following: “A dinner will be held at which opinions may be expressed concerning the character and playing ability of the various teams.” Miss Suggs' 284 The level of women’s golf in this coun­ try was emphasized in startling fashion when Miss Louise Suggs played four rounds over the Bala Golf Club course, near Philadelphia, in four under even fours to win the Women’s Open Cham­ pionship. That is golf, even though the course is on the short side at 5,460 yards, and as far as we can determine it is the lowest 72-hole score ever turned in by a woman in major competition. Miss Suggs’ rounds were 70-69-70-75 for 284, eight over par, and she won by seven strokes over Miss Betty Jameson. There were two 67s in the course of the tournament. Miss Marilynn Smith made one in the second round, and Miss Marlene Bauer made another in the third round. Golf in the Olympics The Olympic Games are scheduled for Australia in 1956, and Australian golfers have decided to try to include golf in the games program. This is not a new USGA Journal and Turf Management August, 1952 3 idea but previous proposals have not met with favor. The British publication Golf Illustrated doubts if the Australians will succeed although it admits that golf has as good a claim as many other sports which are included in the Olympic pro­ gram. There is the question of finance, of course. Several countries have had the greatest difficulty in raising funds to send even a few men to Helsinki for the 1952 games, and only a few nations will want an extension of numbers in their representation in future games. Sound Advice “Don’t spend too much time lining up putts,” Jack Burke, Jr., advises. “A quick survey of the green should tell you just what line the putt will take. The problem is to stroke the ball right. Con­ centrate on that.” For the President “Even more humbling than my golf game.” These are the words Totton P. Heffel- finger, President of the USGA, used to describe the testimonial dinner given in his honor by his club, the Minikahda Club, of Minneapolis. The treatment which brought about this descripton was applied by L. N. Per­ rin, the Vice-President of the club; B. H. Ridder, Jr., President of the Minnesota Golf Association; John P. Drews, Vice- President of the Town and Country Club, of St. Paul; Cargill MacMillan, President of the Woodhill Country Club; C. T. Jaf­ fray, founder of the Minikahda Club, and Henry C. Mackall, a Governor of the Min­ ikahda Club. The Turnesa System The wolf-pack style of attack which the Turnesa family has been making on the PGA Championship over the last twenty-five years proved its value when Jim, second youngest of the family, de­ feated Chick Harbert, 1 up, in the final at the Big Spring Golf Club, Louisville, Ky. Jim was representing the Elmsford, SPORTSMAN'S CORNER All of us have a moral responsibility to set a good example, but in golf the pro­ fessional has it io a high degree. The professional is a sort of high priest. If he is a club pro, he is expected to know all there is to know about every phase of the game. If he is essentially a tournament player, his every mannerism is carefully studied and aped by thousands of persons. Some tournament players have set some rather horrible examples in recent weeks, as witness: One was fined for profanity during a tournament by the Professional Golfers' Association of America. Three were reminded by USGA officials of the evils of club-throwing dur­ ing the Open Championship. One thumbed his nose at another dur­ ing a match in the PGA Champion­ ship. In pleasant contrast, there was a little conversation between Ben Hogan and Ed Oliver as they started off on the final round of the Open. Both were in serious contention for the Championship, and they were playing companions. They drove from the first tee, and as they walked down the fairway this pri­ vate little exchange took place: Ben Hogan: "Good luck to you, Ed." Ed Oliver: "The same to you, Ben." It is not accidental that those two nearly won the Championship, whereas some others wasted some of their efforts in beating themselves. N. Y., family in the final for the fourth time. Brother Joe lost to Walter Hagen in 1927. Jim, himself, lost to Sam Snead in 1942. And brother Mike lost to Ben Hogan in 1948. It is doubtful if any other family ever has imprinted itself so firmly over the history of a major championship; certainly no other family ever has held both the professional and amateur championships in this country, as the Turnesas have through brothers Jim and Willie. Jim and Willie were the babies of the family, and Jim learned golf the hard way by playing against Willie for a very 4 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 West Coast Office Open The West Coast Regional Office of the USGA Green Section is now open for service under the Regional Director, Charles G. Wilson. The address is: USGA Green Section West Coast Office Box 241 Davis, Cal. With the Collegians The new champion of the National Col­ legiate Athletic Association is Jim Vickers, of the University of Oklahoma, who beat Eddie Merrins, of Louisiana State University, 1 up, with a birdie 4 on the last hole in the final on the Purdue University golf course. Billy Maxwell, the Amateur Champion, was eliminated in the early rounds. North Texas State won team honors for the fourth succes­ sive year. Travelogue The July issue of The National Geo­ graphic Magazine contains a lengthy, il­ lustrated article by our friend, Ralph A. Kennedy, of the Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N. Y., detailing some of his unusual experiences in playing 3,000 golf courses in fourteen lands. Mr. Kennedy is the all-time world champion in this phase of golf, and he selected the occasion of his visit to St. Andrews, Scotland, to play his 3,000th course as the time to pause and set down his memoirs. Mr. Kennedy, who is 70, figures there are about 7,500 golf courses in the world, two-thirds of them in the United States, so he still has work to do. Incidentally, Mrs. Kennedy has played some 600 courses, which may be a record for women. important stake—the use of the family automobile, which was owned and con­ trolled by older brother Doug. Doug permitted Jim and Willie to use it one evening a week. This would have been fine if their social lives had' followed parallel courses, but unfortunately they followed opposite courses. The weekly disagreement was settled, gentlemen’s fashion, on the Fairview Country Club course—winner to have the car for the evening and loser to walk. Alex Ross The death of Alex Ross, in Miami, Fla., deprives the golf world of another of the famous old players who gave the game stature and leadership in its earliest years. A brother of the late Donald Ross, Alex was the Open Champion in 1907 and presided for years in the shop at the Detroit Golf Club. The Canadian Amateur It may come as news to some that the Canadian Amateur Championship is an older competition than our own Amateur Championship. The first Canadian Ama­ teur was held in August, 1895, while the first USGA Amateur was not played until October of that year. Yet this is not really surprising. The Royal Montreal Golf Club was the first permanent golf club founded on this continent, and the first USGA Amateur Champion, the late Charles Blair Macdonald, was born in Canada. All this comes to mind because the Canadian Amateur this year will be played at the Capilano Golf and Country Club, in Vancouver, during the week following the USGA Amateur at the Seattle Golf Club. The United States entry, therefore, probably will be con­ siderable. United States players have won the Canadian title in only eight of the forty-seven playings. Scotty Campbell and Frank Stranahan each have won it twice, and Eddie Held, Fred Haas, Jr., Ted Adams and Dick Chapman each have won once. The present Champion is Wal­ ter McElroy, of Vancouver. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 5 How Rough Should Rough Be? By ancient tradition, rough should be rough in the true sense of the word, which Noah Webster defined as “coarse or rugged in character or appearance; un­ refined.” It should provide a definite premium for ability to control the ball through the green. This concept, however, has been diluted through the years in the interest of more rapid and pleasurable play. Under certain conditions, the dilution may have been warranted. Certainly, rough should not be an impenetrable turf jungle in which the average player can hardly expect to find his ball, let alone hit it. In some cases, however, the dilution has been extreme. What advantage does the accurate player have if his wilder opponent can play as successfully from the rough as the player can from the fairway? A Green Committee Wonders This trend has been worrying the Green Committee of the Sunnybrook Golf Club, in Flourtown, Pa., which wants to restore the balance to golf without detracting too much from the pleasurable play of its members. In requesting guidance, Cle­ ment B. Newbold has written: “We are conducting, under the control of our Green Committee, an experiment designed to improve and stiffen the course. Part of this ex­ periment consists of developing a rough somewhat longer than one finds at the average club today. To several of us the modern trend of eliminating rough altogether, or sim­ ply having a token rough, is most alarming. Naturally, a large number of our members are objecting vehe­ mently to any increase in the length of the rough because in recent years they have become accustomed on al­ most any course to playing out of the rough with scarcely any more diffi­ culty than they would experience playing from the fairway. “Some of us who played golf be­ tween 1915 and 1920 remember that during the spring of the year the rough would grow up to three feet in length and that certain national tournaments were played with this kind of rough. The rough during the Twenties was shorter, although there was plenty of rough at local clubs and it grew to be 15 inches and 16 inches long during May and June. During the depression period, 1930 to 1940, the short rough began to make its appearance. The argument was that with restricted budgets it was easier to handle the rough by cutting it short and keeping it that way; there was less trouble in find­ ing the ball for those who did not have caddies and there was less cost in lost golf balls. During the war golf-course superintendents were very short of manpower and further en­ trenched the position of those who favored the short rough. The tour­ ing professionals, with the emphasis on low scores for newspaper pub­ licity, have influenced local clubs. “Many of us are interested in the integrity of the game’s equipment and courses. It is apparent to us that the USGA devotes unceasing efforts along the same lines. Our Green Committee would like to know if there are any precedents or standards laid down in days gone by, govern­ ing the length and character of the rough as compared to the fairway. We have heard that the USGA has formulated an official policy as re­ gards this point in the case of a golf course which proposes to entertain a USGA championship.” The Objective Sought What the Sunnybrook Golf Club hopes to achieve, of course, is a matter of de­ gree and not a fixed standard. When the USGA sets up a course for one of its championships, it cannot apply a fixed 6 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 standard because grasses vary so widely. It can only hope, by judgment and ex­ perience, to achieve an objective—the es­ tablishment of a uniformly difficult re­ covery for the player who has made an improper shot. In its Golf Championship Manual, which is prepared for the guid­ ance of clubs preparing to entertain championships, the USGA says: “It is desired to require greater accuracy from the tees by making all rough deeper and by narrowing the fairways between 240 and 300 yards. The narrowing should be gradual, commencing perhaps at 230 yards and reaching the narrowest part of from 35 to 40 yards at about 280 yards from the tee. (Women’s and junior competitions: This narrowing of the fairways is generally not re­ quired.) “No specific length is suggested for cutting the rough as the length of cut depends greatly on the character of the rough itself. Where the rough is thin, a cut of six to eight inches would be ample; where heavy and matted, as is likely where present fairways are allowed to grow up into rough, a cut of even four inches might not be sufficiently low. The object to be attained is a uniformly difficult recovery for the player who has made an improper shot. The rough should not be so deep as to make a recovery impossible or to in­ crease greatly the prospect of lost balls, but it should not be so thin that a wood or long iron can be played from it without difficulty. “The character of the grasses in the rough will determine the type of management. Heavy clover areas should be eliminated or scythed closely not more than ten days before the competition. Thin areas may be fertilized to thicken the sod and to eliminate the possibility of a full-dis­ tance recovery shot. A condition of deep, lush grass where a ball may be lost or be completely hidden should be corrected. “For all rough along the edges of fairways there should be an apron of shorter rough, cut at from two to four inches, depending on the char­ acter of the rough. The purposes of this apron are, first, to hold a ball which is just off the edge of the fair­ way from running into deeper rough and, second, to avoid a severe dif­ ference in the difficulty of the shot for a ball which is a few inches off the fairway as compared with a ball just in the fairway. Rough around Greens “The handling of rough around the greens depends largely on the character of the greens, their size, and the difficulty of the shot to them, the purpose being, of course, to pen­ alize a poorly played shot. “To accomplish this, greens should be firm. When the greens are firm, small and tight, there will not be much need to increase the difficulty further by drawing the rough in close to the edge of the green. When the reverse is true, rough is neces­ sary to give advantage to the well- played approach shot. “For this purpose, a collar at slightly under fairway length should be maintained for a width of about 30 inches around all greens. Outside of this should be a cut of medium length rough, two to three inches high, from which a chip shot would be more difficult and which will also tend to keep a ball from running into the deeper rough. The width of this cut can vary from two to six feet, de­ pending on the nature of the ground and the character of the shot to the green—wider where the shot is more difficult and narrower where easier. Generally, this cut would be main­ tained up to the margin of bunkers surrounding the green (where they are beyond the fairway cut), between bunkers, and to the crest of slopes and mounds closely surrounding the greens. Beyond this cut the deeper rough should be maintained. (Wom­ en’s and junior competitions: This stiffening of the course by the use of rough around the greens may not be necessary.)” USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Original Trophy Given to “Golf House” By EDWARD S. KNAPP, JR. USGA Executive Assistant The Ladies’ Golf Championship of the United States which Mrs. Lucy Barnes Brown won at the Meadowbrook Club, Hempstead, Long Island, New York, on November 9, 1895, was so hastily ar­ ranged that the sponsoring association did not provide a trophy. Messrs. R. D. Winthrop and William H. Sands, mem­ bers of Meadowbrook, took care of this detail personally by offering a solid sil­ ver pitcher to be presented outright to the winner. This trophy has for years reposed in an old family trunk in the residence of Mr. Archibald M. Brown, a son of the winner, in Southampton, N. Y., near the Shinnecock Hills course on which his mother learned the game. Our Oldest Trophy Mr. Brown, an architect and a real devotee of golf, recently offered the pitcher to the USGA, and it now reposes in state in a show case in the front hall of “Golf House.” It is the oldest original trophy in our possession; the original Havemeyer Cup, for the Amateur Cham­ pionship, and the first Open Champion­ ship Cup were destroyed by fire and have been replaced. That first Championship was informal throughout. Thirteen ladies from New York. Boston and Philadelphia took part. They played only 18 holes, stroke play, and they were permitted to stop for lunch between rounds. Judged by standards of today, the golf was poor. Mrs. Brown scored 69-63-132 and the runner-up, Miss N. C. Sargent, had 134. Only two others broke 150, and the scores ranged upward to 182. The Meadowbrook course, however, was considered the hardest in America. In fact, contemporary writers said “Few men in the country, aside from the Eng­ lish and Scottish professionals, could consistently break 100 on it.” There The first women's trophy were no ladies’ tees. Actually, newspapers reported that Mrs. Brown’s second nine- hole score, a 63, broke the lowest known score by an American woman by four shots, a 67 having been made over nine holes at Newport, R. L, earlier the same year by Mrs. W. Butler Duncan. The following year, Robert M. Cox, M.P., of Edinburgh, Scotland, presented the permanent trophy which has since been emblematic of the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship. Since the last issue of the USGA Journal the following have joined the list of Founders of “Golf House” and their contributions are gratefully ac­ knowledged: Individuals Dr. William C. Baber Joseph M. Byrne, III Mrs. William M. Calder, Jr. James C. Gentle Edwin D. Preisler Dr. Andrew P. Virtuoso Club Sacramento Golf Club, Cal. There remains about $25,000 to be col­ lected of the goal of $110,000. Contribu­ tions should be made payable to USGA Golf House Fund and sent to 40 East 38th St., New York 16, N. Y. 8 LSGA Journal and Turf Management: August. 1952 The Amateur and His Expenses By JAMES W. WALKER Chairman, USGA Amateur Status and Conduct Committee The USGA has received over the years a great many recommendations for broadening the Rules of Amateur Status to permit amateur golfers to be com­ pensated for their expenses in various team matches and tournaments. These recommendations generally have been made in good faith, have been consid­ ered by the Executive Committee and have been deemed contrary to the best interests of the game of golf. • It is our purpose here to review the principles upon which this Rule of Ama­ teur Status is based and to point out why we believe the game would suffer if the Rule were altered in the manner sug­ gested. The whole subject of amateur status, however, is now being considered jointly with the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. The Rule governing expenses appears in Section 2 of the Rules of Amateur Status and reads: “The following are examples of acts which violate the Definition of an Amateur Golfer and cause for­ feiture of amateur status: . . . "B-9. Expenses “Accepting expenses, in money or otherwise, in connection with a golf competition or exhibition (except from one on whom the player is normally dependent). “Exemptions: “A reasonable amount of expenses may be accepted in the following specific instances only: “(1) As a member of the Walker Cup Team, but such expenses may be accepted from only the USGA. “(2) As a member of the Curtis Cup Team, but such expenses may be accepted from only the USGA. “(3) As a qualified contestant in the USGA Amateur Public Links Championship proper, but only with­ in limits fixed by the USGA. “(4) As a representative of an institution of learning or of a mili­ tary service in (a) team events or (b) other events which are limited to representatives of institutions of learning or of military services, re­ spectively. In each case, expenses may be accepted from only the au­ thority represented.” The exemptions in Section 2, B-9 are designed to cover specific cases where ex­ emptions seem warranted. For example, the Walker Cup and the Curtis Cup Teams represent the country internationally: tra­ vel abroad is expensive, and so the USGA makes travel allowances in such cases. It should be noted, however, that travel ex­ penses in the United States are not pres­ ently allowed to members of such teams. In the case of the exception for the Ama­ teur Public Links Championship, it is ap­ parent that this fine event could scarcely be held if certain allowances were not permitted; at the same time, the limits fixed are such as to require the individual to pay a substantial part of his living ex­ penses, for he is permitted to accept only $6 per day for such expenses. The excep­ tions for students and military service golfers when competing in team events or events limited to players of their own categories are made for the same general considerations. All are specific excep­ tions, not general ones. A change recently suggested dealt mainly with allowing expenses to mem­ bers of USGA member clubs in events sanctioned by the USGA. As for the latter point, the USGA has purposely avoided “sanctioning” tourna­ ments. It is considered preferable to have rules based upon principles, and then to expect each individual club and each in­ dividual golfer to operate within the spirit of those Rules, rather than to have a heavily centralized authority tending toward bureaucracy. In the last analysis, USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 c the game is not in the keeping of a super­ organization sitting in an ivory tower. Rather, it is in the keeping of the players of the game. If acceptance of expenses were broad­ ened to apply to representatives of any club for various kinds of events, the end result may be clearly foreseen. We see it in other sports where there have sprung up classes of players who do little else but play those sports ostensibly as amateurs but whose “play” is actually subsidized through the subterfuge of almost unlim­ ited expenses. One end result of such a situation in golf would be that clubs would begin to compete for the services of such players. Some clubs would pay expenses, others would not. Another end result could be spoilage of the person­ ality of some of the players. The main reason for distinguishing be­ tween amateurs and professionals is to provide a fair basis for competition. An amateur, being one who plays a game as an avocation or hobby, cannot generally be expected to compete on level terms with a professional, who devotes him­ self to the game as his prime work. Further, as the Definition of an Ama­ teur Golfer provides, an amateur is one who plays the game as a non-remunera- tive or non-profit-making sport. Eugene G. Grace expressed the spirit of amateur­ ism admirably in the article which ap­ peared in the USGA Journal of Feb­ ruary, 1952, entitled “Amateurism Is in the Heart.” All of us have limits in life. All of us are prevented from doing certain things for want of funds with which to do them. That is the natural order. To distort the natural order in such an activity as golf is to distort both the activity and those who participate in it. The Rules of Amateur Status have been substantially the same for many years as regards allowable expenses. The results speak for themselves. The Executive Com­ mittee feels it is incontrovertible that golf has thrived on a high standard of ama­ teurism. The result of an opposite attitude can also be plainly seen. Commercial in- USGA PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, effective January 1, 1952. Booklet, 25 cents (special rates for orders of 1,000 or more). Poster, 25 cents. ARE YOUR LOCAL RULES NECESSARY?, a reprint of a USGA Journal article containing recom­ mendations regarding local rules. No charge. THE RULE ABOUT OBSTRUCTIONS, a reprint of a USGA Journal article. No charge. USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM, containing re­ commendations for basic handicaps for men. Booklet, 25 cents. Supplementary handicap table in poster form, 10 cents. THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN'S GOLF, containing suggestions for guidance in the conduct of women's golf in clubs and associations, in­ cluding handicapping. 25 cents. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA Journal article detailing various types of competitions. No charge. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a re­ print of a USGA Journal article explaining the Callaway system of automatic handicap­ ping for occasional players in a single tourna­ ment. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHTNING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. HOLE-IN-ONE AWARDS. No charge. GLOSSARY OF GOLF TERMS. No charge. AMATEURISM IS IN THE HEART, a reprint of a USGA Journal article by E. G. Grace. No charge. THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION, a pamphlet describing its origin and activities. No charge. TURF MANAGEMENT, by H. B. Musser (McGraw- Hill Book Co., Inc.), the authoritative book on greenkeeping. $6. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT, a 33- page magazine published seven times a year and containing authoritative information on the Rules of Golf, USGA championships, handicapping, amateur status, greenkeeping methods, clubs and ball, new trends and the play of the game. $2 a year. These publications are available on request to the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. fluences have been injurious, almost disastrous, to many other amateur sports. 10 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Why We Need Junior Golfers By GEORGE LAKE Professional, Recreation Park Courses, Long Beach, Cal. Vice-President, Professional Golfers’ Association of America Foresighted club officials and profes­ sionals are seeing in the development of junior golf pleasant and substantial as­ surance of a tremendous future for the game. Our successful junior promotion was undertaken when it became apparent that something had to be done to provide clubs with desirable new membership material. One result of World War II was that the average age of club mem­ bers increased. The necessity of financ­ ing new families meant that many return­ ing veterans were unable to afford pri­ vate-club memberships. There was dan­ ger that a generation might be skipped in golf. Members’ children and grandchildren and thousands of other youngsters whose parents were not golfers therefore be­ came the beneficiaries of a thorough and enthusiastic recruiting and training cam­ paign. This has been a prime objective of professionals for almost ten years, and the results are most impressive. Great impetus was given to the junior promotion by the USGA in establishing Junior Amateur and Girls’ Junior Cham­ pionships. The general improvement in scoring reflects professional instruction. Many of us who began as caddies and learned golf by imitation, casual instruc­ tion and patient study think today’s jun­ iors are advanced far beyond the standard we set as kids. The junior influence already is being felt in the demand for more and better public courses. Since the start of the last war and the conscripting of men for service or war work, caddie ranks have become depleted. Even though caddie fees are the highest ever, many clubs have a caddie shortage. This has affected adult play in some areas. Junior golfers often are eager to pick up spending money by caddying. George Lake Not so long ago, 90 per cent of pro­ fessionals were graduates of the caddie house. Now few professional recruits come from that source. We must en­ courage younger golfers, so inclined, to fill this void in both club and playing professional ranks. The average young golfer, with higher education, will be well equipped to fill the assistant’s job and eventually the head professional’s job. An assistant and a professional today must know bookkeeping, accounting, busi­ ness law, typing, salesmanship and mer­ chandise display. He must be an expert instructor. He can learn only part of this at the golf course and shop. The balance must be learned in school or college. The field is open, the game is young and we should encourage youth to help keep the game abreast with the times. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 11 A New International Team By JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. USGA Executive Secretary A golf-watcher can indulge himself deeply if he happens to be on the Pacific Coast this month of August, especially in the Pacific Northwest. Here is why: August 14-15—-First Match for The Americas Cup, among Canada, Mex­ ico and the United States, at the Seattle Golf Club, Seattle, Wash. August 18-23—52nd USGA Amateur Championship, at the Seattle Golf Club. August 18-21—4th USGA Girls’ Jun­ ior Championship, Monterey Penin­ sula Country Club. Pebble Beach, Cal. August 25-30—52nd USGA Women’s Amateur Championship, Waverley Country Club, Portland, Ore. August 25-30—Canadian Amateur Championship, Capilano Golf and Country Club, Vancouver, B.C. When the divots have been replaced after these competitions, the West Coast, and particularly the Pacific Northwest, may well be our most golf-conscious sec­ tion, and almost certainly will have de­ veloped a whole new legion of good-will ambassadors from among the visitors. The courses are of outstanding beauty. The Americas Cup Match The Americas Cup Match involves seven-man teams of amateurs represent­ ing the Royal Canadian Golf Association, the Asociacion Mexicana de Golf, and the USGA. The trophy is being presented by Jerome P. Bowes, Jr., of Chicago, former President of the Western Golf Associa­ tion. The first day will be devoted to three 36-hole “sixsome” matches, in each of which each Association will be repre­ sented by two players playing alternate strokes and competing simultaneously against the other two sides. The second day’s program comprises six 36-hole three-ball matches, in each of which each Association will be repre­ sented by one player competing simul­ taneously against the other two. Each match will be played to a con­ clusion, with extra holes if need be. Each match won will be scored as one point, and the Team with the most points will win the Cup. Quite aside from the competition, the event is expected to stimulate friendship and sportsmanship among the three countries. Perhaps other countries in the Americas will enter the series in future years. For the present, it is to be played every other year on a triangular basis, rotated among the countries concerned. Selection of the USGA Team reveals a surprising number of changes in the top group of United States amateurs since the 1951 Walker Cup Team was chosen about 18 months ago. Four members of the Americas Cup Team are new to this sort of international golf. The USGA side is as follows: Charles R. Coe, Captain, of Oklahoma City. USGA Amateur Champion in 1949, member of the Walker Cup Teams of 1949 and 1951, runner-up in the 1951 British Amateur, winner Western and Trans-Mississippi Amateur Champion­ ships. Joseph F. Gagliardi, of Larchmont, N. Y. Runner-up in 1951 USGA Amateur, during which he defeated the last two previous Champions, Charles Coe and Sam Urzetta. Winner of 1951 Metropoli­ tan (New York) Amateur. Frank R. Stranahan, of Toledo. British Amateur Champion 1948-50, runner-up 1952. Runner-up USGA Amateur 1950. Member Walker Cup Teams 1947-49-51. Winner of Canadian, Western, Mexican, North and South Amateur and several 12 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Harvie Ward, Jr. open tournaments. Tied for second in 1947 British Open. Sam Urzetta, East Rochester, N. Y. USGA Amateur Champion 1950. Member 1951 Walker Cup Team. Kenneth P. Venturi, of San Francisco. Present California Amateur Champion and Northern California stroke play Champion: runner-up in first USGA Jun­ ior Championship 1948. Harvie Ward, Jr., of Atlanta. Present British Amateur Champion, 1949 Na­ tional Collegiate Champion, former North and South Amateur Champion. Billy Joe Maxwell, of Odessa, Texas. Present USGA Amateur Champion. An invitation to be a member of the team was extended to Richard D. Chap­ man, of Pinehurst, N. C., but the former USGA and British Champion declined be­ cause of other arrangements. In the event a member of the Team is obliged to withdraw, William C. Camp­ bell, of Huntingdon, W. Va., will be available as first alternate. Canada’s Team comprises: Phil Farley, Captain, of Toronto Percy Clogg, Vancouver, B. C. Peter C. Kelly, Fredericton, N. B. Jerry Kesselring, Kitchener, Ont. Bill Mawhinney, Vancouver, B. C. Walter McElroy, Vancouver. B. C. Nick K. Weslock, Hamilton, Ont. Frank R. Stranahan USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 13 Billy Maxwell Captain Charles R. Coe Joseph F. Gagliardi For the Mexican side, the non-playing Captain is Pedro Suinaga, President of the Asociacion Mexicana de Golf. The Team has not yet been announced. All 21 players in the Americas Cup Match will be automatically eligible for the USGA Amateur Champion­ ship. The field for the all­ match-play event at Seattle will consist of 200, most of whom are determined by sec­ tional qualifying. With the Ladies Hard by the Willamette River in Portland is the well- groomed course of the Wav- erley Country Club. This fine old organization is en­ tertaining the Women’s Ama­ teur Championship in the week immediately after the Seattle doings. Sam Urzeiia Waverley is an ideal test for the ladies. The course has great variety and charm throughout its 6,323 yards. Par will be 73 for those seeking to take over Miss Dorothy Kirby’s position as Champion. This Championship will be immediately preceded by the Girls’ Junior event at California’s Monterey Peninsula Country Club. Visiting players and golf-watchers alike are in for a treat, for the section abounds in real golf courses. 14 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 The Women from the Start By JOHN P. ENGLISH USGA Assistant Executive Secretary When the women golfers gather at the Waverley Country Club, in Portland, Ore., late this month, they will be competing in the 52nd USGA Women’s Amateur Cham­ pionship for the title which Miss Dorothy Kirby, of Atlanta, Ga., now holds. The first fifty-one playings have been replete with brilliant play and bad, great players whose names still live and flashy players whose names are nearly forgotten, heroic in­ cidents and some which were simply amus­ ing. Here is the record, in brief: 1895—The first USGA Women’s Amateur Championship was arranged on short notice and played at the Meadow Brook Club, Hempstead, N. Y., on November 9, 1895. Thirteen ladies participated at 18 holes, stroke play, and the winner was Mrs. Charles S. Brown, of the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, Southampton, N. Y., with 69-63— 132. Miss N. C. Sargent, of the Essex County Club, Manchester, Mass., was run­ ner-up at 134. Nine holes were played be­ fore and nine after lunch. The silver pitcher donated by Messrs. R. D. Winthrop and W. H. Sands was won outright by Mrs. Brown, and has been given to the USGA Museum by her son, Mr. A. M. Brown. 1896 It was decided to conduct the Cham­ pionship at match play at the Morris Coun­ ty Golf Club, Morristown, N. J., in October, 1896. Twenty-nine entrants competed for eight places in the qualifying round, and the low scorer was Miss Beatrix Hoyt, 17, of the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, with 95. She went on to win her semi-final match by default of Miss Anna Sands and the Championship by defeating Mrs. Arthur Turnure, 2 and 1, in the eighteen-hole final. Mrs. Brown did not defend. Miss Hoyt, who had not played in the first Championship, remains the youngest Champion. Robert Cox, M.P., of Edinburgh, Scotland, who was visiting this country, donated a per­ manent trophy, with the stipulation that the 1896 Championship be played at Morris County, a course he had helped to lay out in 1894. This is the -trophy which is now in competition. 1897—The Essex County Club played host to twenty-nine entrants in August, 1897. Miss Hoyt again won the medal, this time with 108, in a torrent of rain, and retained her Championship, defeating Miss Sargent in the final, 5 and 4. Eight again qualified for match play. Miss Margaret Curtis made her first appearance, aged 13 and carrying four clubs. She qualified fourth with 122. 1898—Miss Hoyt continued to dominate, winning the medal with a 92 and her third successive title by defeating Miss Maude Wetmore in the final, 5 and 3. Miss Hoyt was the only player to break 100 in the qualifying. Increased interest in women’s golf was reflected by the sixty-one players who competed for sixteen qualifiers’ places at the Ardsley Club, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y., in October, 1898. Miss Beatrix Hoyt 1899—Miss Ruth Underhill, of the Nassau Country Club, Glen Cove, N. Y., succeeded Miss Hoyt as Champion by beating Mrs. Caleb F. Fox, 2 and 1, in the final. Miss Hoyt had won the medal again, her 97 be­ ing the only score under 100, but she lost to Mrs. Fox in the first round, 3 and 2. Mrs. Fox was 39 and had raised a family before taking up golf, but her feat in this, her first Championship, was indicative of her career to come in the following three decades. The Championship was played on the Bala course of the Philadelphia Coun­ USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 15 try Club in October, 1899, and attracted seventy-eight entrants. Miss Underhill later became Mrs. Harold T. White. 1900—Miss Hoyt won the medal for the fifth year in succession with a 94 over her home course, the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, but again lost, this time to Miss Margaret Curtis on the 20th hole in the semi-finals. Miss Frances C. Griscom. of the Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pa., defeated Miss Curtis in the final, 6 and 5. The Championship was set ahead to August- September, 1900. Miss Hoyt, now 21, there­ after gave up tournament golf. 1901—At the Baltusrol Golf Club, Spring­ field, N. J., in October, 1901, entries rose to eighty-four. Miss Genevieve Hecker, of the Essex County Club, came through to defeat Miss Lucy Herron, 5 and 3, in the final. The Misses Herron, Margaret Curtis, Mary B. Adams and Mrs. E. A. Manice tied for the medal at 97. 1902—Miss Hecker repeated, defeating Miss Louisa A. Wells in the final, 4 and 3. The Misses Wells and Margaret Curtis were co-medalists, at 89, and were the first to break 90. The number of qualifiers’ places was increased to thirty-two, and the high­ est score to get in was 103. The Country Club, Brookline, Mass., entertained the Championship, in September-October, 1902, and the entry of ninety-six was a new high. 1903—The scene moved west for the first time to the Chicago Golf Club, Wheaton, Ill., in September-October, 1903. Miss Bessie Anthony, of the Glen View Club, Golf, Ill., defeated Miss J. A. Carpenter, 7 and 6, in the final. Mrs. Fox led the qualifying with a 94, and only four scores under 100 were returned. 120 placed a player among the thirty-two qualifiers. 1904-—Miss Georgiana M. Bishop, of the Brooklawn Club, Bridgeport, Conn., became Champion by beating Mrs. E. F. Sanford, 5 and 3, in the final at the Merion Cricket Club, in October, 1904. The Misses Char­ lotte Dod, Louise Vanderhoef and Harriot Curtis, each with 93, were co-medalists. 1905—Miss Pauline Mackay, of the Oakley Country Club, Watertown, Mass., defeated Miss Margaret Curtis by one hole in the final at the Morris County Golf Club in October, 1905. Miss Curtis and Miss Bishop tied for the medal at 87, a new low. Earlier in this year the Curtis sisters, Miss Gris­ com. Miss Bishop, Miss Adams and Miss Ethel Burnett made the first informal visit to the British Isles to play team matches and to compete in the British Champion­ ship. 1906—Miss Harriot Curtis, Miss Mar­ garet’s sister and also of the Essex County Club, won the final from Miss Mary B. Adams, 2 and 1, in October, 1906. Miss Mackay opened the defense of her title by winning the medal at the Brae Burn Country Club, near Boston, with another 87. 1907—The Curtis sisters took over the Championship at the Midlothian Country Club, near Chicago, in October. 1907. Miss Margaret dethroned Miss Harriot, 7 and 6, after having won the medal with a 95. The following year Miss Margaret, with Miss Evelyn Sears, won the women’s doubles championship at lawn tennis to become the only American to hold national champion­ ships in these two sports simultaneously. 1908—Miss Kate C. Harley, of the Fall River (Mass.) Country Club, defeated Mrs. T. H. Polhemus. 6 and 5. in the final at the Chevy Chase Club. Chevy Chase. Md.. in October. 1908. Miss Harley previously had stopped Miss Margaret Curtis in the quar­ ter-finals. Miss Harriot Curtis’ medal­ winning 85 was a new low, but she lost to Mrs. Fox in the second round. 1909—The British Champion. Miss Doro­ thy Campbell, of North Berwick, Scotland, crossed the Atlantic to complete the first double in women’s golf. She defeated Mrs. Ronald H. Barlow. 3 and 2, in the final, at the Merion Cricket Club, in October. 1909. There were three other British entrants, but the last of these was beaten in the quarter-finals. Mrs. Fox and the Misses Margaret Curtis and Anita Phipps tied for the medal with 86s. Miss Campbell won her first match, 10 and 8. 1910—Miss Campbell, now the Canadian Champion and playing from Hamilton. On­ tario, continued her mastery over American women golfers, winning the medal with a record-equalling 85 and the all-British final from Mrs. G. M. Martin, of Tavistock, England, 2 and 1. Another Canadian rep­ resentative, Miss Florence Harvey, of Ham­ ilton, reached the semi-finals but lost there to Miss Campbell. Miss Lillian B. Hyde won her first match, 10 and 8. The Home­ wood Country Club, Flossmoor, Ill., played host in October, 1910. 1911—Miss Margaret Curtis came back to eliminate Miss Campbell in the semi-finals and win for the second time at the Baltusrol 16 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Golf Club in October, 1911, defeating Miss Hyde, 5 and 3, in the title round. Miss Campbell was again the British and Cana­ dian Champion at the time. Mrs. Barlow won the medal with an 87. Campbell, was medalist with an 86. The Championship was played at the Belmont Springs Country Club, near Boston. 1919—Miss Stirling retained her title when play was resumed after World War I at 1912—Miss Margaret Curtis repeated over her home course, the Essex County Club, in September-October, 1912. She defeated Mrs. Barlow in the final, 3 and 2, after taking the medal with an 88. The Cham­ pionship was the sixth in which she won or shared the medal. 1913—An English girl, Miss Gladys Ra- venscroft, who had won the British Cham­ pionship the year before, took the title out of the country a third time. She won the medal, with an 88, and the final from Miss Marion Hollins, 2 up, at the Wilming­ ton (Del.) Country Club, in October, 1913. Miss Muriel Dodd, of England, the cur­ rent British Champion, lost to Miss Ra- venscroft in the semi-finals. This Cham­ pionship marked the first appearance of a young Georgia girl, Miss Alexa Stirling, who, although she failed to win a place among the thirty-two qualifiers, was to leave an indelible mark on women’s golf. Miss Ravenscroft later became Mrs. Temple Do­ bell. 1914—Entries rose to the second highest mark to that time, ninety-three, and ninety- two of these teed off at the Nassau Country Club, in September, 1914. Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson, of the Oakley Country Club, who had won as Miss Kate C. Harley in 1908, became Champion again, beating Miss Elaine V. Rosenthal in the final, 1 up. For the first time, all thirty-two qualifiers broke 100. Mis§ Bishop was medalist with 85. which tied Miss Harriot Curtis’ and Miss Campbell’s record. 1915—Entries went over the hundred mark for the first time, and one hundred eleven played at the Onwentsia Club, near Chicago, in September, 1915. Mrs. C. H. Vanderbeck, of the Philadelphia Cricket Club, won the medal with another record-equalling 85 and repelled another English challenger, Mrs. William A. Gavin, in the final, 3 and 2. Mrs. Vanderbeck had to survive a 22-hole match with Miss Stirling in the semi­ finals. The match was the longest to that time in the Championship. 1916—Miss Alexa Stirling, of the Atlanta (Ga.) Athletic Club, initiated her suprem­ acy in October, 1916, by beating Miss Mil­ dred Caverly, 2 and 1, in the final. Mrs. J. V. Hurd, of Pittsburgh, formerly Dorothy Miss Alexa Stirling L’SGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 17 the Shawnee Country Club, Shawnee-on- Delaware. Pa., in September-October, 1919. She defeated Mrs. Gavin, now of Chicago, 6 and 5, in the final. This pair also tied for the medal at 87. Miss Glenna Collett made her first appearance in this Cham­ pionship and won her first match. 1920—Miss Stirling won her third suc­ cessive Championship at the Mayfield Coun­ try Club, near Cleveland, in October, 1920. She defeated Mrs. Hurd in the final, 5 and 4. Miss Hollins lowered the qualifying rec­ ord, with an 82, and only one 98 earned a place among the thirty-two qualifiers. 1921—Miss Marion Hollins, of the West­ brook Golf Club, Great River, N. Y., ended Miss Stirling’s reign in the first 36-hole final, winning 5 and 4, at the Hollywood Golf Club, Deal, N. J., in October, 1921. The Misses Cecil and Edith Leitch, of England, qualified but lost in early rounds, the former to Mrs. F. C. Letts, 1 down, in a match which was the upset of the Cham­ pionship since Miss Cecil was the British Champion for the second successive year. Miss Collett, who had tied with Mrs. Latham Hall at 85, won the play-off for the medal, 92 to 93. There were one hun­ dred eighty-one entries, a new record, and one hundred sixty-four actually played. 1922—Miss Glenna Collett, of the Rhode Island Country Club. Nyatt. R. L, set a new qualifying record of 81 and defeated Mrs. Gavin, again representing England, 5 and 4, to win the first of her six Cham­ pionships. It was the third time Mrs. Gavin had been runner-up. The 36-hole final "was employed again and has been continued to date. The Championship was held at the Greenbrier Golf Club, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., in September, 1922. 1923—Miss Edith Cummings, of the On- wentsia Club, Lake Forest, Ill., a sister of Dexter Cummings, the national intercol­ legiate champion at the time, defeated Miss Stirling, 3 and 2, in the final at West­ chester-Biltmore Country Club, Rye, N. Y., in October, 1923. Mrs. Vanderbeck upset Miss Collett in the third round, 2 and 1. Miss Stirling was medalist with an 84, and 95 was the highest score to qualify. The entry of one hundred ninety-six set another record, and one hundred sixty-six started. 1924—Mrs. Dorothy Champbell Hurd, now representing the Merion Cricket Club, won her third title, defeating Miss Mary K. Mrs. Dorothy Campbell Hurd Browne, 7 and 6. in the final. Miss Browne, the runner-up, who had played golf but a few years, had been national lawn tennis champion in 1912 and 1913 and a semi­ finalist a month earlier in the national lawn tennis championship. She upset Miss Collett at the 19th hole in the semi-finals. Miss Collett had set a new record in the qualifying with a 79. The Championship was held at Miss Collett’s home course, the 18 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Rhode Island Country Club, in September, 1924, and the entry fell to ninety-eight after a handicap limitation of ten strokes had been imposed. 1925—The Championship crossed the Mis­ sissippi for the first time, to the St. Louis Country Club, in September-October, 1925. Miss Collett beat Mrs. W. G. Fraser, of Canada, the former Alexa Stirling, 9 and 8, in the final. Heavy rains caused a one-day postponement of the final. Mrs. Fraser low­ ered the qualifying record to 77. Mrs. Caleb F. Fox was playing in her twenty-second and last Championship. She had qualified twenty times, won twenty-five matches, reached the semi-finals thrice and had been medalist once and co-medalist another time. 1926—Mrs. G. Henry Stetson, of the Hun­ tingdon Valley Country Club, near Phila­ delphia, and Mrs. Wright D. Goss, Jr., fought it out in the final, the former win­ ning, 3 and 1. Mrs. Hurd and the Misses Collett and Cummings all were eliminated by the third round. Miss Collett was medal­ ist with 81. The Championship was held at the Merion Cricket Club, in September, 1926, and for the first time was conducted by the USGA Women’s Committee, rather than by the Championship Committee. 1927—Mrs. Miriam Burns Horn, of the Milburn Country Club, Kansas City, Mo., beat Miss Maureen Orcutt in the final, 5 and 4, at the Cherry Valley Club, Garden City, N. Y., in September, 1927. Mrs. Horn was the first Champion from west of the Mississippi. Mlle. Simone Thion de la Chaume, the French and British Champion, was eliminated by Mrs. Fraser, 3 and 2, in the third round. The medal was won by Miss Ada Mackenzie, of Canada, with a 77, which equalled Mrs. Fraser’s record. 1928—Miss Collett won her third title, defeating Miss Virginia Van Wie by the largest margin ever recorded in the final, 13 and 12, at the Virginia Hot Springs Golf and Tennis Club, Hot Springs, Va., in September, 1928. Miss Orcutt was medal­ ist, with an 80. The former Mrs. Horn, now Mrs. George W. Tyson, lost to Miss Helen Paget, of Canada, 2 and 1, in the first round. 1929—Miss Collett became the first four­ time winner at the Oakland Hills Country Club, near Detroit, by defeating Mrs. Leona Pressler, 4 and 3, in the final. Previously that year Miss Collett had been runner-up in the British Championship. Miss Helen Hicks and Miss Van Wie tied for the medal, at 79, and a score of 88 or better was neces­ sary to gain a place among the thirty-two qualifiers. A feature was the match in which Miss Collett defeated Mrs. Harley G. Higbie at the 19th hole after having been 4 down and 4 to play in the quarter-final round. The longest match to that time came about when Mrs. Leo Federman de­ feated Mrs. Stetson on the 24th hole in the first round. The Championship was held in September-October, 1929. 1930—The Championship went to the West Coast for the first time, and the Misses Col­ lett and Van Wie continued their rivalry in the final at the .Los Angeles Country Club, Miss Collett winning, 6 and 5. This was Miss Collett’s fifth title and third in succession. She had also been runner-up again this year in the British Champion­ ship. Mrs. Opal S. Hill was medalist, with 79. The Championship was held in October. 1930. 1931—Miss Helen Hicks, of the Inwood (N. Y.) Country Club, dethroned Mrs. Ed­ win H. Vare, Jr., the former Glenna Col­ lett, 2 and 1, in the final at the Country Club of Buffalo, N. Y., in October, 1931. Miss Enid Wilson, the British Champion, was eliminated by Miss Hicks in the semi­ finals. 3 and 1. Play in the qualifying round resulted in a four-way tie for the medal at 82 among Miss Orcutt and Mes- dames Vare, Hill and Higbie. 1932—Miss Van Wie, of the Beverly Coun­ try Club, Chicago, won the first of her three successive Championships by turning the tables on Mrs. Vare, 10 and 8. in the final at the Salem Country Club, near Bos­ ton, in September, 1932. The margin squared an account that had been outstand­ ing since 1928. Miss Van Wie had a 73 in the morning round. The Misses Van Wie and Orcutt tied for the medal at 77. and Miss Hicks, the defending Champion, failed to qualify. Miss Wilson, still the British Champion, again was halted, by Miss Char­ lotte Glutting in the quarter-finals. The competition between the United States and the British Isles, for a cup donated by the Misses Harriot and Margaret Curtis, was in­ augurated this year in England. 1933—Miss Van Wie repeated, defeating Miss Hicks, 4 and 3, in the final at the Ex­ moor Country Club, near Chicago, in August-September, 1933. Miss Wilson, the British Champion for the third year in succession, won the medal with a record 76 but lost a Match of Champions to Miss Van USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 19 Wie, 6 and 5, in the semi-finals. One 87 was the highest score to qualify for match play and there were five qualifying scores under 80. tober, 1937. Mrs. Page, of the Sedgefield Club, Greensboro, N. C., took the medal with a 79 and the title by defeating Miss Berg, 7 and 6, in the final. 1934—Sixty -four qualified for match play, for the first time, but none could stop Miss Van Wie, who defeated Mrs. Vare in the semi-finals, 3 and 2, and Miss Dorothy Traung in the final, 2 and 1. The Cham­ pionship was played at the Whitemarsh Valley Country Club, near Philadelphia, in October, 1934. Miss Van Wie thus became the fifth three-time winner, after Miss Bea­ trix Hoyt, Miss Margaret Curtis, Mrs. Dorothy Campbell Hurd and Mrs. Alexa Stirling Fraser. Miss Van Wie was also the fourth to win three in succession, after Miss Hoyt. Mrs. Fraser and Mrs. Glenna Collett Vare. Mrs. Vare, of course, had won five titles. Mrs. Vare, Mrs. Leona Cheney and Miss Lucile Robinson tied for the medal with 82s. The British Curtis Cup Team par­ ticipated, five of their number qualifying but only one, Miss Wanda Morgan, going as far as the third round. A feature was the match in which Mrs. Opal S. Hill defended Mrs. L. D. Cheney on the 24th hole after having been 3 down and 5 to play. It was the second 24-hole match in the history of the Championship. Miss Van Wie retired from competitive golf after this victory. 1935—Mrs. Vare won her sixth Champion­ ship at the Interlachen Country Club, Min­ neapolis, Minn., defeating a home-town girl, Miss Patty Berg, in the final, 3 and 2. Miss Berg was 17 and playing in her first Cham­ pionship. Miss Jean Bauer’s 79 won the medal. The event marked Mrs. Vare’s eighth and last appearance in the Championship final. 1936—The Championship trophy went overseas again for the first time in twenty- three years. Miss Pamela Barton, a 19-year- old English girl, added the USGA title to her British title by defeating Mrs. John D. Crews, the former Maureen Orcutt, in the final, 4 and 3. Miss Barton played the last 24 holes in one under women’s par. It was the first double since Miss Dorothy Camp­ bell’s twenty-seven years earlier, and the last foreign victory. A 78 by Mrs. Julius A. Page, Jr., won the qualifying medal at Canoe Brook Country Club, Summit, N. J„ in September-October, 1936. Mrs. Vare did not enter a defense of her title. The handi­ cap limitation was reduced to six strokes. 1937—Miss Barton did not defend at the Memphis (Tenn.) Country Club, in Oc­ 1938—Miss Berg and Mrs. Page again met in the final at Westmoreland Country Club, near Chicago, in September, 1938. This time Miss Berg won, 6 and 5. Mrs. Page and Miss Dorothy Traung led the qualifying with 80s. It was the third year in succession in which Mrs. Page had won or shared the medal. Six members of the British Curtis Cup Team qualified, and Miss Clarrie Tier­ nan, of Ireland, who reached the third round, made the best showing. Miss Doro­ thy Kirby upset Mrs. Vare, 1 up, in the first round. Miss Berg won her first match, 10 and 8. 1939—The handicap limitation was in­ creased to eight strokes, and the largest field in the history of the Championship, two hundred one players, entered at the Wee Burn Club, Noroton, Conn., in August, 1939, and one hundred ninety-four started. Miss Betty Jameson, of the San Antonio (Texas) Country Club, defeated Miss Kirby in the final, 3 and 2. Miss Barton again contrib­ uted an international fillip but lost to Miss Glutting on the 19th hole in the third round. Miss Berg, the defending Champion, was unable to play because of illness. The quali­ fying medal went to Miss Beatrice Barrett, and her 74 established the present record. Seven returned qualifying scores of 79 or better. 1940—Miss Jameson won again at the Pebble Beach (Cal.) Course in September, 1940. She defeated Miss Jane Cothran, 6 and 5, in the final. Miss Traung’s 78 won the medal. 1941—The Country Club, Brookline, Mass., was host to the women in September, 1941. Mrs. Elizabeth Hicks Newell of California defeated Miss Helen Sigel of Philadelphia, 5 and 3, in the final. Qualifiers were led by the Misses Alice Belanger, Bauer, Jame­ son and Grace Amory, all of whom had 76s. The handicap requirement was again lowered to six. Mrs. Newell turned pro­ fessional after the Championship. 1946—When the Championship was re­ newed after World War II at Southern Hills Country Club, Tulsa, Okla., in Sep­ tember, 1946, Mrs. Mildred (Babe Didrick- son) Zaharias of the Park Hill Country Club, Denver, Colo., defeated Mrs. Clara Callender Sherman in the final, 11 and 9. 20 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 there to Miss Kielty and later turned pro­ fessional. Miss Margaret Curtis played again, losing in the first round. Merion was entertaining for the fourth time, more than any other club. Play had to be temporarily suspended in the first round because of rain. 1950—One hundred ten women competed in the second all-match-play Championship, without sectional qualifying, in September, 1950, at the East Lake Course of the Atlanta (Ga.) Athletic Club. Miss Beverly Hanson, of the Fargo (N. D.) Country Chi]), de­ feated Miss Mae Murray, 6 and 4. in the final. This golden anniversary event was noteworthy for the most extra holes ever played in the Championship: Miss Murray defeated Miss Fay Crocker, of Montevideo, Uruguay, on the 27th hole in the fourth round after nine extra holes. Each player was two under par for the 27 holes. Miss Philomena Garvey went furthest of nine foreign entrants, including members of the British Curtis Cup Team, losing to Miss Hanson in the fifth round. Mrs. Vare quali­ fied for the twenty-second time, during which span she had won fifty-nine matches, six championships, two runner-up medals, four semi-finalist medals and six qualifying medals. 1951—Miss Dorothy Kirby, of the Capital City Club, Atlanta, Ga., after seventeen years of trying, broke through at the Town and Country Club, St. Paul, Minn., in August, 1951, defeating Miss Claire Doran, 2 and 1, in the final. An eighteen-hole qualifying round was re-instituted for sixty-four places, the best qualifying scores being 74s by Miss Carol Diringer and Miss Barbara Romack, who equalled Miss Barrett’s record of 1939. Twenty players broke 80. Vicomtesse de Saint Sauveur, the British and French Champion, qualified but lost in the second round to Miss Mary Sargent. Miss Hanson, the defender, did not play, having turned professional. The number of qualifiers was reduced to thirty-two, and the qualifying was extended to 36 holes for the first and only time. Miss Kirby won the medal with 152. Mrs. Zaha- rias had won the 80-meter hurdles and the javelin throw in the 1932 Olympic Games and had been reinstated after a period as a professional golfer. She won the British Championship the following spring, being the first American to do so, and then turned professional again. 1947—Miss Louise Suggs, of the Capital City Club, Atlanta. Ga., took medal honors with a 78 and went on to win by defeating Miss Kirby, of the same club. 2 up. in the final. Miss Suggs played each round of the final in 74, two under par. She was 3 up at noon and was hard-pressed to hold her lead as Miss Kirby made a 72, the lowest score ever recorded in the Championship, in the afternoon round. Miss Margaret Curtis played and scored a 102, which failed to qualify her, but her appearance marked her fiftieth anniversary in the Championship. The event was held at the Franklin Hills Country Club, near Detroit, in September, 1947. Miss Suggs won the British Cham­ pionship the following spring and then also turned professional. 1948—Miss Grace Lenczyk, of the Indian Hill Country Club, Newington, Conn., de­ feated Miss Helen Sigel in the final, 4 and 3, as the Championship returned to Pebble Beach, CaL, in September, 1948. The only former Champions in the field were Mrs. Page and Mrs. Vare. Miss Suggs, Mrs. Zaharias, Mrs. Newell, Miss Jameson and Miss Berg had all turned professional. Mrs. Bettye Mims White, with a 77, led the qualifying. Miss Marlene Bauer reached the quarter-finals at the age of 14. Miss Sigel played the first nine in 34 strokes in winning her third-round match. Miss Doro­ thy Kielty called a disqualification penalty on herself after inadvertently allowing an 82, instead of an 83, to be posted by her name in the qualifying round. 1949—Stroke-play qualifying at the site of the Championship was abandoned, and one hundred seventy-one entrants competed in sixteen sectional qualifying rounds for one hundred twenty-eight places in match play at the East Course of the Merion Golf Club in September, 1949. Mrs. Mark A. Porter, the former Dorothy Germain, of the Llanerch Country Club, near Philadelphia, defeated Miss Dorothy Kielty, 3 and 2, in the final. Miss Marlene Bauer reached the semi-final round at the age of 15 but lost USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 21 Fast Play in the Public Links Event When the stymie was abolished, it had been half-feared that the resultant in­ creased lifting of the ball would slow match play appreciably. But this was by no means the case in the first USGA test of the new Rule—- the 27th Amateur Public Links Cham- oionship at the Miami Country Club in Florida last month. It was a rare match which took more than three hours. The morning round of the final needed ten minutes less than that. Many a match reached the turn in 1 hour 20 minutes. There was some unnecessary ball-lift­ ing, due to unfamiliarity with the new Rule. Under Rule 35-2a, when the nearer ball lies on the putting green, either the player or the opponent may require the ball to be lifted if he thinks it might interfere with or assist the player. (The lifting must be done by the owner of the ball or his caddie—see Rule 23-1.) When there is no reasonable possibility of one assisting or interfering with the other, there is no occasion to lift. The time involved in lifting and re­ placing did not appear to be greater than the time players used to take in studying stymies, near-stymies, and possible fu­ ture stymies. Players in the Public Links Champion­ ship are models to follow in many re­ spects. Not only do they move right along but they have a thirst for playing the game strictly by the Rules and eti­ quette. One young man, for instance, tele­ phoned a USGA representative shortly before bedtime one night to inquire about Rules. The Championship is always pre­ ceded by a dinner at which a Rules forum is conducted. This provides food for many informal discussions through­ out the week. Who are the players in this tourna­ ment? Here are the four semi-finalists: Omer L. (Pete) Bogan, the new Cham- City of Miami News Bureau Omer L. (Pete) Bogan pion, of South Gate, Cal., near Los Angeles—35 years old; a salesman. Robert L. Scherer, of Decatur, Ill. — 21 years old; a factory worker. Robert L. Kurz, of Miami Springs, Fla. — 32 years old; an airlines pilot. John Halin, of Spokane, Wash. — 19 years old; college student. They were the last four from an original entry of 2,265, of whom 200 qualified to play in the Championship on the identical schedule as the USGA Amateur. It was the first Public Links Champion­ ship for both finalists. Bogan was the winner over Scherer by 4 and 3. Two weeks before, Bogan had won the Los Angeles city title in a 41-hole final. The intersectional Team Championship was won by Chicago’s three-man team with 227 for 18 holes stroke play. The members are George Dayiantis, 72; John Dobro, 77; Dante Vicini, 78. 22 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 THE REFEREE Decisions by the USGA and the R. and A. Rules of Golf Committees Example of symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. “R & A” indicates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. “52-1” means the first decision issued in 1952. “R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1952 Rules of Golf. Player Moves Own Ball in Four-Ball Match USGA 52-43 R. 16, 35-le,f; 40-lb,c; 40-3g; 41-3. Q: Play is four-ball match. Player’s ball is on the green at rest. His partner plays. While partner’s ball is still rolling and seems as though it may hit player’s ball, player moves his ball away with his putter so his ball will not be hit. I wish to find out whether player who moved his ball is disqualified only or do he and his partner lose the hole. Question by: John Boda Andover Country Club Andover, Mass. A: The player violated Rule 16 by touch­ ing his ball purposely and was disqualified for the hole; the penalty did not apply to his partner (see Rule 40-3g). Under Rule 40-lb, the player could have lifted or played his ball, at his option, be­ fore his partner played. Had he not touched his ball, there would have been no penalty if his ball had been struck by his partner’s ball (see Rule 40-lc). But it is contrary to the Rules for a ball to be lifted or played or otherwise moved while another ball is in motion (see, for example, Rule 35-le, f and 41-3). Rule 40-3d does not apply here; it per­ tains to moving the ball accidentally. Tee Shot Out of Bounds in Mixed Foursome USGA 52-44 R. 29-1. 36-1. Q: Bangkok has two golf clubs, the Royal Bangkok Sports Club and the Royal Dusit Club, at both of which mixed foursome tour­ naments are now in play. The entire golf­ ing community has become embroiled in an argument as to where the second tee shot should be played if the first tee shot is hit out of bounds. Both courses are built around race tracks, which are surrounded on both sides by khlongs (waterways), and because of these hazards, ladies’ tees have been con­ structed. The British insist that the rules stipulate that the second shot is to be hit from the spot where the first ball was played and that this necessarily means the woman must play from the man’s tee if his tee shot went out of bounds. By the same token, the man must hit from the woman’s tee if her shot went out of bounds. My side contends that the team is pen­ alized stroke and distance for an out-of- bounds shot, and that by forcing the woman to play from the man’s tee on the second tee shot, the team is automatically penalized again by the fact that the woman cannot clear the hazards in front. A ball in the khlong can be played from where it enters the khlong, but another penalty stroke is added. On the other hand, if the woman’s tee shot goes out of bounds, by using the ladies' tee for the second shot her partner can. in almost every instance, drive the green. Thus, instead of incurring the nor­ mal penalty, the team is placed in an ad­ vantageous position. We feel this was not the intent of the rule. Question by: Mrs. Robert G. North Bangkok, Thailand A: Rule 29-1 governs and, when a ball comes to rest out of bounds, the next stroke must be played as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was played, adding a penalty stroke to the score for the hole. If the original stroke was played from the teeing ground, a ball may be teed anywhere within the teeing ground from which the original stroke was played. The Rules of Golf make no distinction be­ tween teeing grounds for men and women. Rule 36-1 requires the local committee to lay down the conditions under which a com­ petition shall be played, and this includes the establishment of the teeing grounds which are to be used. We would suggest that the committee establish teeing grounds from which play would be feasible for both men and women. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 23 Player's Ball Hits Partner's Ball in Four-ball Match USGA 52-45 R. 40-lc Q: The following situation arose in a tour­ nament in which A and B were playing C and D in four-ball match play. After the drives from the tee, A, being away, played his second shot of 130 yards to within 18 inches of the hole. B played his second shot of 100 yards and the ball rolled onto the green and hit his partner’s ball, moving it about four inches. We referred to the Rule book and found the following: Rule 40-lc: “If a player’s ball move any other ball in the match, the owner of the moved ball shall, through the green or in a hazard, drop his ball, or on the putting green place his ball, as near as possible to the spot from which the ball was moved, without penalty.” Rule 40-3b: “If a player’s ball be stopped or deflected by the player, his partner or either of their cadies, clubs or other equipment, the player is disqualified for the hole. His partner incurs no pen­ alty.” This committee ruled that A should com­ ply with Rule 40-lc, B was disqualified for the hole and A won the hole with a birdie 3. All agree that A acted in accordance with the Rules, but the committee’s act in disqualifying B has been the point of con­ tention. Rule 40-lc does not specifically state how B should treat his ball nor do Rules 40-3b and c specifically mention the word “ball”. Our problem is: 1. Is the ball included in the term “other equipment” in Rule 40-3b and c? 2. If A had been 4 on the green by virtue of an out-of-bounds shot, what would be the status of B’s ball? 3. If B had hit either C or D’s ball on the green, would C and D lose the hole simply because B had been lucky enough to hit one of their balls from 100 yards? 4. If B had hit either C’s or D’s ball and knocked it into the cup, thereby giving them an eagle 2, would C and D lose the hole because they had deflected B’s ball? Question by: J. A. Horner Houston, Texas A: If A replaced his ball, as required by Rule 40-lc, before holing it, his birdie 3 stands as played. B incurred no penalty. If A failed to replace his ball before putting out, he was disqualified for the hole, but the disqualification did not apply to B. Rule 40-3b does not apply in this case, and Rule 40-lc states that there is no pen­ alty if one ball hits any other ball in four- ball match play, provided the ball moved is replaced. The answers to your specific questions are: 1. No. 2. The number of strokes A might have taken would have no effect on the status of B’s ball under the Rules of Golf. B incurred no penalty and was entitled to complete the play of the hole, playing the ball from where it came to rest after it struck the other ball. 3. No; see Rule 40-lc. 4. No, but Rule 40-lc would require C or D to replace the ball. C or D would not be entitled to a score of 2 on the hole. Handicap Stroke Overlooked USGA 52-46 R. 11-1, 37-4 Q: In a four-ball match-play tournament, a player was entitled to a handicap stroke on a hole and did not know it until after the match was ended. This oversight was the cause of his defeat. If the stroke had been used, the match would have ended all even. Would you advise me as to whether the match should continue or if it is too late to claim the stroke? Question by: Harry Barkhouse Happy Valley Golf Clue Lynn, Mass. A: The hole stands as played. Rule 37-4 requires each player to check his handicap and, in match play, to inform himself of the holes at which strokes are given or taken. Rule 11-1 provides that, in order for a claim of this nature to be considered, it must be made before the players play from the next teeing ground, or, in the case of the last hole of the round, before they leave the putting green. It is a basic principle of match play that both sides are entitled at all times to know exactly how the match stands. Ball Strikes Cup Lining in Four-ball Match USGA 52-47 R. 11-5, 30. 34-2d, 40-3b, 40-3g. Q: A was about 40 feet off the green. His partner took the flag, since there were no caddies. As the ball approached the pin. he pulled it out, and in so doing the cup stuck to the pin. The partner had the pin 24 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 in his hand, with the cup attached thereto, and there was a distance of two to three feet between the level of the green and the cup. On the first or second hop, A’s ball hit the metal part of the cup which was at­ tached to the pin. The ball bounced away about five feet; otherwise it probably would have gone a distance of 20 or more feet be­ yond the hole. A holed his putt for a birdie 4. A then went back and played a provi­ sional ball and, with this ball, scored a 5. Question by: Samuel G. Payne Bridgeport, Conn. A: The metal lining is deemed to be part of the flagstick. Assuming this was four- ball match play, A was disqualified for the hole, but his partner incurred no penalty (see Rules 40-3b, 40-3g and 34-2d). Although the hole already was lost and the fact is academic, A had no right to play another ball. This privilege exists only in stroke play; see Rule 11-5. The second ball was not a provisional ball; see Rule 30. Obstructions in Tree Basin USGA 52-49. D. 20; R. 11-3, 31-2, 33-lc.2; 35-lb, Et. 7. QI: As tee shot comes to rest in a tree basin which is a water hazard. All around and extending into the basin is loosely piled lumber and several pieces of pipe. A insists he can drop ball according to rule covering a greenkeeper’s pile. B contends that, be­ cause the ball is within a water hazard, A must remove the lumber and pipe and play ball as it lies. Who is correct? Al: The lumber and pipe are obstruc­ tions (Definition 20), and A was entitled to remove them as provided in Rule 33-lc. without penalty. If they could not feasibly be removed. A was entitled to lift and drop his ball in the water hazard, as provided in Rule 31-2, without penalty. If A desired re­ lief from the water hazard, he could only proceed as provided in Rule 33-2. under penalty of one stroke. Determining Five Minutes Q2: A and B are playing a match and neither carries a watch. A hits his ball in deep grass from the tee and a search is started. After a time B informs A that his five minutes are up. A disagrees and con­ tinues the search. The other two members of the group, who are also playing a match, refuse to commit themselves on this point. The ball is found soon after and A plays hole, which is halved with this ball. B claims the hole. A wins the match, 1 up. After lis­ tening to the arguments of both players, the match is allowed to stand. The Committee reasoned that a player cannot determine the passing of time without a timepiece. Was this reasoning correct? Does a player have to refer to a watch in order to put in such a claim? A2: The committe’s decision was final (Rule 11-3). The question of whether or not five min­ utes had elapsed is one of fact. In the ab­ sence of a timepiece, neither player had a solid basis for his contention and the com­ mittee had to evaluate the case according to its best judgment. Questions by: Dr. Milton F. Fenner Sacramento, Cal. Mole Hill Is Cast R & A 52-27. R. 32; Def. 34. Q: In Rule 32-1, regarding a cast or run­ way made by a burrowing animal, does this include a mole-hill? If a mole-hill is in­ cluded under this section does the Rule apply even although the mole-hill may be in the rough? Question by: The Secretary Hilton Park Golf Club Milngavie, Scotland A: A mole hill is a cast. The Rule ap­ plies to the rough, which is included in “through the green”. Def. 34. Replacing Ball in Bunker R & A 52-28. R. 24-4. Q: During a match between A and B both balls were found to be in the same heel mark in a bunker. A lifted his ball to allow B to play his stroke. In the playing of the stroke B obli­ terated the heel mark. Should a “similar” heel mark be made for A in order to comply with Rule 24-4 and if so by whom, A or B? Question by: The Secretary Whitechurch Golf Club Cardiff, Wales A: The ball should be placed in the bunker as near as possible to the spot from which it was lifted and in a similar lie to that which it originally occupied. See Rule 24-4. It would not, however, be practicable for players to endeavor to create artificially a “similar lie to that which it (the ball) originally occupied,” and, so far as is pos­ sible, use must be made of the existing con­ figuration of the ground. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 25 Correspondence pertaining to Green Section matters should be addressed to: USGA Green Section, Room 331, Administration Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. West Coast Office: Box 241, Davis, Cal. TURF RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP AT PENN STATE The Memorandum of Agreement be­ tween the Pennsylvania State College and the USGA Green Section, establishing the third Research Fellowship since 1946, has been signed and became effective last July 1. The objectives are “to compare various types of aerifying equipment, to study effects of frequency of aeration on compact soils and to determine value of chemical soil conditioners on established turf.” The work is to be done in the Agron­ omy Department under Prof. H. B. Mus­ ser. The fellowship leads to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and calls for three payments of $1,800 each. Most of this money will come from the USGA Green Section’s Education Fund, which is derived from USGA Green Section Ser- TURF MANAGEMENT Worth-while discussions of the problems con­ fronting Green Committee Chairmen are con­ tained in TURF MANAGEMENT, a book sponsored by the United States Golf Association. This volume was edited by H. Burton Musser and published by the McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. It is available through the USGA, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y.; the USGA Green Section, Room 331, Administration Building, Plant Industry Sta­ tion, Beltsville, Md., and bookstores generally. The price is $6. vice Subscriptions. Contributions totaling $610 will be applied to the first payment. They were derived thus: Central Counties PGA ............................... $ 10 Western Pennsylvania Golf Association 400 Golf Association of Philadelphia ........ 200 Total $610 USGA Member Clubs everywhere will benefit from these studies, as they have from the two previous research fellow­ ships. James R. Watson, Jr., received his degree, in 1949, from the first, and J. C. Harper II received his degree from the second, in June, 1952. The USGA Green Section is pleased to be able to assist two. such fine young men to re­ ceive their Ph.D. degrees. We are in­ debted to them and to Professor Musser for the fine work which has brought to us so much valuable data on turf man­ agement practices—which means Better Turf for our member clubs. To the Pennsylvania State College and its loyal staff go our thanks for providing such matchless continuity in developing needed information. We regret that we cannot name the recipient of this third fellowship at this writing. 26 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 RELEASE OF MEYER ZOYSIA TO STATE EXPERIMENT STATIONS Several experiment stations were con­ tacted in April, 1951, for suggestions on a proposed statement announcing the re­ lease of Z-52, an improved strain of Zoysia japonica Steud (Japanese lawn­ grass ). Suggestions were also solicited for a name for Z-52. The one suggested by most respondents and selected by the Division of Forage Crops and Diseases and the USGA Green Section was “Meyer.” Planting material was sent to each state requesting it in June, 1951. This material we have considered as breeder stock. If the increase from it is made in accordance with the certifica­ tion standards of the state certifying agency, it will be eligible for distribu­ tion as foundation stock. Any seed to be harvested and sold as certified Meyer Zoysia must come from eligible planting stock (foundation or registered) that has been inspected and certified by a certifi­ cation agency. Certified Meyer seed is produced solely for turf purposes and is not eligible for use as planting stock for the production of succeeding genera­ tions of certified seed. The USGA Green Section and the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Forage Crops and Diseases, cooperatively will maintain breeder stock of Zoysia as clonal (vegetative) material. The USGA Green Section will supply to experiment stations or to their designated cooperating agencies breeder stock at $2 per square foot of sod. Description Meyer Zoysia is a single plant selection made in 1941 at Arlington Farm from the seed introduction F.C. 22183 from Dairen, China. It is a fine leaf selection that is intermediate in this regard be­ tween common types of Japanese lawn­ grass and the related Zoysia matrella (L) Merr. (Manila grass). In tests conducted to date Meyer is equal or superior to common Japanese lawngrass in winter hardiness, drought and heat tolerance, ability to compete successfully with crab­ grass and other weeds and resistance to heavy usage. Meyer is particularly su­ perior in its finer texture, greater density and darker green color. It is considered to be best adapted in those areas where ordinary cool season grasses do poorly in the summer and is recommended for use in lawns, on golf courses, on athletic fields, in cemeteries and on other turf areas where common Japanese lawngrass is adapted. Like the common Japanese lawngrass, it loses its green color with the first killing frost in the fall and is slow to become green in the spring. It has a better color and produces a more de­ sirable turf during its period of active growth than does common Japanese lawngrass. During its active growth, Meyer is similar in appearance to Ken­ tucky bluegrass. It responds well to ade­ quate fertilization, such as Kentucky blue­ grass requires. The period of green color can be extended by generous nitrogen fertilization and close mowing. Meyer combines with cool-season grasses as well as does common Japanese lawngrass, and it will provide a year-round green turf as a result when the combination suc­ ceeds. Meyer will spread rapidly from sod strips or plugs to give a satisfactory turf cover. For example, two-inch sod strips planted eight feet apart at Beltsville, Md., in the early spring of 1948 met and joined in two growing seasons. It has been found that when two-inch plugs or sod blocks are set into crabgrass infested turf, it is able to spread and crowd out the crabgrass under ordinary lawn man­ agement. Establishment is more rapid, however, if planted on a new seedbed that is kept free of weeds. Meyer will produce some seed, but the yield is low. Furthermore, individual plants from seed of Meyer are highly variable in a number of characters in­ cluding leaf width, seed production, seed culm height, internode length, antho­ cyanin pigmentation, intensity of green USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 27 color, vigor and winter hardiness. There­ fore, Meyer must be propagated clonally to maintain its varietal characteristics and superiority. However, the turf pro­ duced by Meyer seed (first generation only) is sufficiently similar in quality and appearance to the clonally propagated turf that one seed generation is permitted. Details on distribution of planting stocks to the public and general publicity adapted to local conditions will be left to the individual cooperating state ex­ periment stations. Editor’s Note: This notice of release is a prime example of the, cooperative service between the USGA Green Section and the United States De­ partment of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. It is the result of a number of conferences in­ volving personnel of both organizations covering a period of several years. Each statement has been checked carefully and double checked and repre­ sents the best information available, agreed to in every detail by both parties. MEYER ZOYSIA PLUG PLANTING PROJECT—Berwyn, Md. PLANTING PLAN 2” PLUGS — 2’ SPACINGS Planting Dates Average Precip. & Monthly- Temp. Min. Max. TYPICAL WASH., 0. C. LAWN-AREA: CHICKWEED SPRING & FALL; CRAB­ GRASS IN SUMMER. FERTILITY LEVEL-NEVER FERTILIZED TO OWNER'S KNOWLEDGE. BUILT 1938 INSECT IN­ FESTATION HIGH, MOLE CHANNELS APPARENT MOST YEAR AROUND 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 12- 4-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 11-15-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 11- 3-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 10-20-50 0 0 0 X 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 ------- 10- 4-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 9-18-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 9- 6-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 X ------- 8-16-50 0 0 0X0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 8- 3-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 7-17-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 7- 3-50 0 0 0 X ------- 6- 5-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 5-17-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 5- 1-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X00 ------- 4-17-50 0 X 0 0 X 0 0 X X X X ------- 3-30-50 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 3-15-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 3- 1-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 2-18-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 1-14-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 12-29-49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = PLUG PLUGS SET- IN AS DATED WITHOUT WATER OR FERTILIZER 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 12- 4-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 11-15-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 11- 3-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 10-20-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 10- 4-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 9-18-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 AREA UN­ 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 9- 6-50 TREATED PRIOR X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 8-16-50 X 0X0 0 0 TO PLANTING 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 8- 3-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 7-17-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X00 ------- 7- 3-50 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 6- 5-50 0 X 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 5-17-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 5- 1-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 4-17-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 3-30-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 3-15-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 3- 1-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 2-18-50 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 1-14-50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 12-29-49 TOTAL SUR­ VIVAL 95% COUNTS MADE 11-19-51 X = PLUG SURVIVAL MISSING 2.97 2.95 3.24 6.14 4.71 5.20 4.69 3.87 0.91 3.46 3.02 1.66 1.88 2.97 2.95 . 3.24 6.14 4.71 5.20 4.69 3.87 0.91 3.46 3.02 1.66 1.88 40.8 57.1 68.4 73.3 83.6 83.3 81.7 70.8 61.2 49.3 43.5 54.3 48.4 40.8 57.1 68.4 73.3 83.6 83.3 81.7 70.8 61.2 49.3 43.5 54.3 48.4 21.8 31.7 44.8 54.7 59.5 60.4 56.1 50.0 35.9 26.3 26.0 32.0 26.2 21.8 31.7 44.8 54.7 59.5 604 56.1 50.0 35.9 26.3 26.0 32.0 26.2 28 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Plugging tool removing two-inch plugs from improved combination turf of zoysia and Merion bluegrass. It can be used on any improved turf grass. The plugger is generally available at golf-course supply houses. Plugs being emptied from tool. The magazine holds 24 plugs. Plugs of un­ satisfactory turf are removed with the same tool so that plugs of improved turf fit exactly. This is becoming a favorite method on tees, athletic fields, and lawns. CHANGING THE GRASS IN A GREEN in the nursery from superior strains is a principle that is making more “fool­ proof” the development of better turf on putting greens, tees, fairways, athletic fields and home lawns. For the plan to succeed, it is essential that the new turf be developed from vigorous creeping or spreading grasses which have been proved in actual use. When in doubt consult your county agent, your extension specialist, your experiment station, or the USGA Green Section. NEW GREEN SECTION SERVICE SUBSCRIBERS Anheuser, Eberhard, St. Louis, Mo. Las Vegas (City of), Park Department, Las Vegas, Nev. New City Operating Corp., New York, N. Y. Richard, Edward W., Dover, Ohio laconic State Park Commission, Staatsburg, N. Y. The question frequently arises, “How can we change the grass on one of our greens without taking it out of play?” The answer, in a very practical way, comes from the practical superintendent, “By plugging, of course.” Plugs can be cup-cutter size or two- inch size. If the cup is changed three times a week, it is possible to insert into the green more than 150 plugs of su­ perior turf during a year (less if you live where you can’t play all year). The big advantage of this plan is that it entails virtually no extra work. Just go to the turf nursery and get the plugs before you change cups. Also, the grass is changed first in the cupping area. In­ cidentally, the soil can be changed at the same time. The two-inch plug is preferred by some because it is less noticeable in the green. With the new two-inch plugger, which holds 24 plugs, a man can cut plugs at the rate of 40 or 50 a minute if con­ ditions are right. Another advantage is that the depth gauge guarantees a perfect fit each time so that the putting surface is left reasonably smooth. The removal of plugs of poor turf and the insertion of plugs of turf developed >URNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1952 29 A TURF NURSERY AS INSURANCE Some golf clubs have turf nurseries. Many golf clubs operate without them. We believe that the modern golf club hardly can afford to operate without a turf nursery. A turf nursery is like an insurance policy to the golf course. It is a pro­ tection against disaster. It is your bet that disaster won’t strike. If it does, you are protected. If it doesn’t, you’re still ahead. A turf nursery is your private experi­ ment station. Technical men in the USGA Green Section, in the state experiment stations and in various laboratories can develop new grasses, new chemicals and new machines, but they can’t prove them on your golf course. A turf nursery allows you to experiment (and ruin some turf if necessary) with new ideas and new chemicals which have no business on turf which members are using. If you ruin some turf in the nursery, who cares? That is why it is there. When someone develops a new grass, are you going to sit back and say, “I’ll wait until the price of the seed comes down. Then I’ll try some.” Or, are you going to be among the first to get a few ounces or a few pounds and try it in your turf nursery? No one is going to bring the new grass to you, but if you have a place ready to plant some, you will be a lot more receptive to the idea. Your members look to you, the green­ keeper or the golf-course superintendent, to give them the latest word on new things (especially for their lawns.). A turf nursery will keep you up-to-date and on your toes. If you let your members plant some new grass on their lawns before you have tried it in your turf nursery, some questions are bound to be asked. A turf nursery provides a continual source of interest for meetings and for discussions with your fellow superin­ tendents. Your USGA Green Section and your state experiment station workers in turf look to you and to your turf nursery for the acid test of things which they have developed. With a turf nursery you become an active member of the research team in the National Coordinated Turf Program. Your profession will gain in stature as you develop and test new ideas in your turf nursery. We don’t get to see all of the turf nurseries at our member clubs but we have been rather unhappy to find so few adequate nurseries during our visits around the country. In order to en­ courage the practice, we should like to outline a few principles for developing a turf nursery under various conditions: The Site: It should be close to the maintenance buildings where pride in appearance will be a strong factor in keeping it in first-class condition. The Soil: For a nursery of putting- green turf, the soil should be prepared to conform to the texture in the regular greens so that there will be no abrupt change when sods or plugs are moved. Fairway and tee turf may be grown on “normal” existing soil, similar to that in the areas in play. By all means, pro­ vide good subdrainage and good surface drainage. Water: Yes; water is needed. Pro­ vide suitable outlets to water when needed. Preparation: Good seedbed prepara­ tion is mandatory. The use of lime (if needed) and fertilizer according to re­ quirements is only common sense. Ample fertilizer especially is important when rapid vegetative increase of superior varieties is the objective. Weed seeds can be destroyed prior to planting by three methods: (1) long months of till­ ing the soil, (2) cyanamid applied at 50 to 75 pounds to 1,000 square feet of area, followed by a wait of four to six weeks before planting, and (3) methyl bromide, after which planting can be done in 48 hours. For specific recommendations on the best method in individual cases con­ sult your county agent, your extension specialist or your experiment station. .50 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 Weed-free nurseries are economical to establish and maintain. What to Plant: It depends upon your principal problem and where you are. The basic idea is to develop the su­ perior strains of grasses primarily, with a limited area devoted to the common types of turf now in use on the course. This will provide direct comparisons, and it may speed the day when the newer types of turf will be used generally. Creeping bents — Arlington (C-l), Congressional (C-19), Collins (C-27), Cohansey (C-7), Toronto (C-15), Old Orchard (C-52), Dahlgren (C-115) and Polycross creeping bent seed. Your experiment station may suggest others which are important locally. Bluegrass — Merion. Fescue — Reserve an area for Penn State’s new polycross creeping red fes­ cue (perhaps there will be a little seed for testing next year) to compare with standard varieties now on the market. Bermuda — Tifton 57, Tifton 127, Gene Tift, U-3. Zoysia — Meyer (Z-52) alone and in combination with the best cool­ season grasses. Centipede — Oklahoma’s winter­ hardy strain, Georgia’s red-stemmed strain. Maintenance: A few nurseries will grow stolons or sprig material of the best grasses. All nurseries need finished sod always ready for immediate use. Maintenance will conform generally to the regular practices except where “ex­ perimental design” dictates variations in water, fertilizer, aerifying, etc. Some superintendents put their putting-green nurseries in “hot spots” surrounded by trees with stagnant air, and less than normal water and fungicides in order to eliminate the unadapted strains of grasses. The unforgivable sin where turf nurseries are concerned is neglect. It is true that the maintenance of the course budget should provide specifically for the development and maintenance of an ade­ quate turf nursery in order to insure the maintenance of a good golf course. MERION BLUEGRASS STUDY The USGA Green Section is conduct­ ing a nation-wide survey in an effort to develop uniform recommendations on the establishment and management of Mer­ ion bluegrass. The survey has been cir­ culated among all cooperators in the Na­ tional Coordinated Turf Program, mem­ bers of the Turf Committee of the Ameri­ can Society of Agronomy, members of the USGA Green Section Committee and seedsmen who are USGA Green Section Service Subscribers. Some of the questions include rates of seeding, suggestions on mixtures, methods of renovating unsatisfactory turf, fertili­ zation, height of cut, watering procedures, aerifying and herbicide suggestions. Each cooperator has been asked to name the points of disadvantage of Merion blue­ grass so that the public can be informed accurately what to expect when Merion bluegrass seed is planted. In many cases people have expected too much too soon and consequently have been disappointed. Readers of the USGA Journal who have not been contacted directly by this memorandum are asked to write in giv­ ing their experiences with Merion blue­ grass, paying particular attention to any disappointments that might have occurred either through misunderstanding or lack of information. Our confidence in Mer­ ion bluegrass as a superior turf grass increases, but we want to state clearly that Merion bluegrass is not a “miracle grass” or a “wonder grass.” When Mer­ ion bluegrass is properly understood, properly established and properly man­ aged it is far superior to any other blue­ grass on the market. Results of the survey will be published in the USGA Journal so that the in­ formation will be available to readers before they purchase their Merion blue­ grass seed this fall. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 31 RENOVATION OF POOR TURF Extremes of heat, cold, drought, ex­ cessive rain, humidity, disease and other acts of nature will exact a terrific toll of many of the grasses from which turf has been developed. It looks like a ban­ ner year for crabgrass. Disease has been very severe, weakening turf so that it has little or no resistance to crabgrass. Tons of crabgrass killers will be used, much of it to little avail unless the reno­ vated areas are established to the types of grasses which are able naturally to resist crabgrass. Unfortunately, the sup­ plies of the truly crabgrass-resistant turf grasses are limited. Golf courses with turf nurseries have the opportunity to be out ahead by growing supplies for plug­ ging- August is a good time to plan the fall program and to start doing something about it. Figure the acreage and buy the chemicals. Buy the seed or sprigs or stolons or sod (whatever is needed to do the replanting). Thorough aerify­ ing virtually insures success. Lime (if needed) and fertilizers are musts. Don’t use 2,4-D just before planting. Mercury, too, will destroy small grass seedlings. If you can’t water, wait for good soil moisture. After mid-August it may be too late to work with the warm-season grasses, except in the South or where it never freezes. Remember, in a renovation program where unsatisfactory grass has been de­ stroyed, be sure you replace it with “nothing but the best.” THE TOPSOIL MYTH Visitors to the Plant Industry Station at Beltsville, Md., continually are amazed at the high-quality turf that the USGA Green Section is able to produce on raw subsoil. In some cases the subsoil has been worked with bulldozers while it is wet. As every agronomist knows, this does things to clay soil that are not favor­ able to the growth of most turf grasses. It is hoped that many more people will take the time and trouble to come to the Beltsville Turf Gardens and see that it is possible to grow perfectly satisfactory lawns on subsoil. It appears that the top- soil myth has been pretty well exploded. Many homeowners have purchased ex­ pensive topsoil when they could not af­ ford it; now some may be relieved of this expense. We attribute our success to: 1.) The use of improved turf grasses which are highly disease resistant, 2.) Aerifying to cultivate the soil and do the many things that help grass roots to grow, and 3.) Generous fertilization. The final chapter on this story has not been written but considerable progress has been made. Readers are invited to send in their comments on this topic which, for some time, may be highly controversial. COMING EVENTS August 5: Field Day, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J. Ralph E. Engel. (Tour starts at 1:30 p.m. from Turf Plots). August 17-23: Sixth International Grasslands Con­ gress, State College, Pa. W. M. Myers, Gen­ eral Chairman, Plant Industry Station, Belts­ ville, Md. August 20-21: Field Day, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. J. A. DeFrance. August 24-28: Convention, American Cemetery Association, Hotel William Penn, Pittsburgh, Pa. Grass Research, C. R. Runyan, Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio. September 3-4: Field Day, Pennsylvania State Col­ lege, State College, Pa. H. B. Musser. September 24: Field Day. Greater Cincinnati Golfers League and Cincinnati Golf Course Superintendents. Taylor Boyd. October 6-7: Turf Conference, University of Cali­ fornia, Los Angeles, Cal. V. T. Stoutemyer. October 9-10: Turf Conference, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. John J. McElroy. October 13-14: Turf Conference, Washington State College, Pullman, Wash. Alvin G. Law. October 22-24: Third Turf Conference, Central Plains Turf Foundation and Kansas State Col­ lege, Manhattan, Kans. William F. Pickett and L. E. Lambert. November 17-21: American Society of Agronomy Meetings, Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. L. G. Monthey. December 1-3: Texas Turf Conference, Texas A. & M. College, College Station, Texas. James R. Watson. 32 USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1951 NO NATIONAL TURF FIELD DAYS INFORMATION WANTED AT BELTSVILLE ON DAHLGREN (C-115) BENT The National Turf Field Days held at Beltsville, Md., each fall during the past several years have been considered highly successful, but it has been de­ cided that there will be no National Turf Field Days at Beltsville this year. Several reasons contribute to this decision. State and regional turf field days scattered over the United States largely serve the turf interests of the country so that a National Turf Field Day is not nearly so necessary now as it was before the strong decentralized program became established. Our efforts during 1952 have been devoted almost solely to the maintenance of current projects so that no new work has been initiated since the 1951 Turf Field Day. The major interest in 1952 will be centered upon the Sixth International Grassland Congress, to be held August 17 to 23 at the Pennsylvania State Col­ lege. The USGA Green Section staff will be busy showing the plots to many visi­ tors from foreign countries, further com­ plicating the problem of preparing for the Field Day. Further emphasis upon state and re­ gional turf field days is entirely in line with over-all USGA Green Section policy, as indicated by the opening of the USGA Green Section Regional Office at Davis, Cal., last June. We want it to be clear to our Member Clubs, to the golf-course superintendents and to others who have been here and who would like to come, that we are available at any time, that we shall wel­ come individuals or groups and that we shall be glad to conduct them over our plot work. Appointments in advance will be appreciated. Reports on the performance of Dahl­ gren bent alone and in combination with other superior strains of creeping bents seem to be so encouraging that we are taking this means to ask superintendents and cooperators, wherever they may be, to send a card or a letter to the USGA Green Section giving us a brief evalua­ tion of the performance of this bent in their areas. Several nurserymen expect to have limited quantities of vegetative material available this fall. Reports should be simple and to the point. We should like to compile full in­ formation on available sources of supplies as well as on performance. QUESTION AND ANSWER Q. We have just received the shipment of zoysia and bent grass from you which left Beltsville, Md., ten days ago. The material looked very dry and we are afraid it is dead. What do you suggest? (New York). A. When vigorously-growing vegetative material is taken from the field here it is washed to remove soil. Then it is dip- treated in a solution of ethylene dibro- mide-chlordane so that it will pass quar­ antine. Twenty-four hours later we are permitted to package and ship the grass. By that time it already is wilted and “dead looking.” When this “dead looking” grass reaches you, it should be soaked immediately and left for 24 hours before planting. Keep the soil moist and, in most cases, you should get virtually 100 percent catch. The leaves of the grass are dead, but the stems are full of life. It may take several days before the stems can put out new roots and leaves, so don’t get discouraged or be in too big a hurry to say that the grass is dead. Exercise patience and care and give the grass a chance. USGA Journal and Turf Management: August, 1952 33 IT’S YOUR HONOR From the Victor Gratefully Received To The USGA: May I thank you most sincerely for your telegram to the British Women’s Golf Team on their first victory in the Curtis Cup competition. We are, na­ turally, all very thrilled, but we greatly appreciated the extremely sporting way in which the United States team took their defeat. I very much hope that this victory will have done a great deal to stimulate interest in women’s golf throughout the world. Lady Katharine Cairns, Captain British Curtis Cup Team London, England Youngest Entrant To The USGA: I annoy you with the enclosed entry only to please and satisfy my droll but sanguine old grand-daddy, Lee S. Read, who insists that I become an entrant in the 5th Junior Amateur Champion­ ship. Due to my extreme youth and many other duties which have pre­ vented regular practice at the club (he can’t seem to understand that I have responsibilities to my parents), I doubt seriously if I will be able to participate in the sectional qualifying round at the Seneca Golf Course. So he will have to provide the entry fee (I am entirely without funds at present), and if it cannot be held in escrow for some ten or twelve years, then I am sure he would agree to have you enroll me as a Founder of “Golf House.” Please forgive the Spry Old Gent but this will greatly satisfy his gargantuan and ludicrous ambitions and require­ ments of me. To The USGA: I am very glad to send you my check as a small but heartfelt contribution to the USGA Golf House Fund. I’m really surprised and somewhat embarrassed that it has taken so long for me to get around to doing something, albeit small, for the game that means so much to me. “Golf House” must be a wonderful place, and the USGA deserves great credit for its undertaking. I’ve included $2.00 for a year’s sub­ scription to the USGA Journal and Turf Management, another fine piece of work. W. Albert Heizman, Jr. Shillington, Pa. The New Rules To The USGA: Please send 500 copies of your new 1952 Rules of Golf. Our Club plans to send a copy to every member and to every lady golfer. James D. Fogertey, Professional Sunset Country Club Sappington, Mo. To The USGA: The golfers in the Joplin District have been quick to put in practice and observe the new 1952 Rule for out-of- bounds and unplayable lies. Some of our better golfers are campaigning for playing the ball as it lies, and I am glad to read the arguments in favor in the 1952 Rules book to help them in the cause. Francis L. Clayton Joplin, Mo. Lee Russell Read (Age: 1 Month) Louisville, Ky. Editor's Note: The USGA Journal invites comments on matters relating to the welfare of the game and will publish them as space permits. USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PRESIDENT Totton P. Heffelfinger, Minneapolis, Minn. VICE-PRESIDENTS Isaac B. Grainger, New York, N. Y. Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. SECRETARY John D. Ames, Chicago, III. TREASURER James W. Walker, New York, N. Y. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. William P. Castleman, Jr., Dallas, Texas John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. Frederick L. Dold, Wichita, Kansas John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa, Lewis A. Lapham, New York, N. Y. Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. Corydon Wagner, Tacoma, Wash. GENERAL COUNSEL Fraser M. Horn, New York, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: Isaac B. Grainger, New York, N. Y. CHAMPIONSHIP: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: James W. Walker, New York, N. Y. IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. MEMBERSHIP: Lewis A. Lapham, New York, N. Y. GREEN SECTION: Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Frank Goldthwaite, Fort Worth, Texas SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. PUBLIC LINKS: Frederick L. Dold, Wichita, Kansas HANDICAP: William O. Blaney, Boston, Mass. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. William R. Millar, Los Angeles, Cal. MUSEUM: James W. Walker, New York, N. Y. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: Charles W. Littlefield, New York, N. Y. PUBLIC RELATIONS: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. "GOLF HOUSE" FUND: Daniel A. Freeman, Jr., New York, N. Y. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House" 40 East 38th Street New York 16, N. Y. Joseph C. Dey, Jr., Executive Secretary John P. English, Assistant Executive Secretary USGA GREEN SECTION USGA GREEN SECTION Room 331 Administration Building Plant Industry Station Beltsville, Md. Dr. Fred V. Grau, Director USGA GREEN SECTION WEST COAST OFFICE Box 241 Davis, Cal. Charles G. Wilson, Regional Director