JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT A STUDY IN SATISFACTION AT OKLAHOMA CITY Gene Littler, of San Diego, CaL, clearly feels the quarry was worth the chase as he inspects the Ama­ teur Champion­ ship Cup after his victory over Dale Morey, of Indianapolis, a t Oklahoma City. He made a birdie on the last hole io win the final, 1 up. He is 23, a Navy Airman, first class, and a member of was the Walker Cup Team. Wide World Photo I'SGA JOURNAL Al© TURF MANAGEMENT PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION PERMISSION TO REPRINT ARTICLES HEREIN IS FREELY GRANTED (UNLESS SPECIFICALLY NOTED OTHERWISE) PROVIDED CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE USGA JOURNAL VOL. VI, No. 5 September, 1953 Through the Green ........... 1 The Walker Cup Match ................ 5 I Was in My Wife’s Gallery ................. John L. Hulteng 8 Miss Faulk a Worthy Champion . Joseph C. Dey, Jr. 9 Big Moments in the Walker Cup Matches_______ John P. English 13 .... Edward S. Knapp, Jr. 19 Golf Was Forbidden Here, Too What Southern Hills Did for the Juniors J. Frederic Byers, Jr. 20 The Referee: Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees 22 Turf Management: USGA Green Section Chemical Crabgrass Controls in 1952 ....................... Coordinated by W.*H. Daniel 25 Ground Pearl Damaging Southern Turf Grasses B. P. Robinson and L. W. Morgan 28 Scale Attacks Bermudagrass Putting Greens ............... Marvin H. Ferguson 29 Be Sure Your New Seeding Produces Turf .............................. Marvin H. Ferguson 30 Preparing Your Greens for Winter Play ............ ...................................... Jim Hamner 32 It’s Your Honor: Letters .... ;_____________ _______ ___________ __ 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 East 38th St., New York 16, N. Y. Subscriptions:_ S2 a /ear. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence, except pertaining to Green Section matters, should be sent to the above address. Correspondence pertaining to Green Section matters should be addressed to USGA Green Section, Room 206, South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.: to USGA Green Section Western Office, Box 241, Davis, Cal.: or to USGA Green Section Southwestern Office, Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas. Entered ?2^ec?.n^'cI,a^s matter March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3. 1879. Edited by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and John P. English. Advisory Committee: John D. Ames, Chairman: Isaac B. Grainger and Bernard H. Ridder, Jr. All articles voluntarily contributed. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1954 Americas Cup Match—August 12 and 13 at the London Hunt and Country Club, London, Ontario, Canada-. Men's ’ Amateur Teams: Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States. Curtis Cup Match —September 2 and 3 at the Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, Pa. Women’s Amateur Teams: British Isles vs. United States. (Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office, except in the case of the Amateur Public Links Championship. For possible exceptions in dates of Sectional Quali ying Rounds. sve entry .urms.) Championship Open Women's Open Amateur Public Links Entries Close May 24 June 9 f June 4 Junior Amateur July 6 Amateur July 12 Girls' Junior August 16 Women's AmateurAugust 30 Sectional Qualifying Rounds June 7 Championsh i p Dates June 17-18-19 none June 24-25-26 JJune 20-26 Team: July 10 Indiv: July 12-17 August 4-7 August 23-28 July 20 July 27 none none TEntries close with Sectional Qualifying Chairmen. t Exact date in each section to be fixed by Sectional Chairmen. Venue Baltusrol G. C. Springfield, N. J. To be determined Cedar Crest G. C. Dallas, Texas The Los Angeles C. C. Los Angeles, Cal. C. C. of Detroit Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich. Aug. 30-Sept. 3 Gulph Mills G. C. Bridgeport, Pa. Sept. 13-18 Allegheny C. C. Sewickley, Pa. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September. 1953 1 THROUGH THE GREEN Which Are the Blind? I saw twelve men the other day Deprived of worldly sight. But through their faces bright and brave I glimpsed an inner light. And then I thought of other lives. Ah, chiefly of my own— Of petty cares, self-made despairs. And other weeds full-grown. With lowered head I left the course. One burning thought in mind: In life's real game for higher stakes, O Lord, which are the blind? John Thames, of Birmingham, Ala., was inspired to write these classic lines after watching the dozen contestants in annual championship of blind golfers at the Highland Park Municipal Course, in Birmingham, last summer. They tell the story of the play better than could any poor report of ours. It is a matter of considerable interest, however, that Charles Boswell, of Bir­ mingham. was the winner for the sixth consecutive year with a 36-hole score of 106-106—212 on the par-70 course. Each player, of course, has an aide to assist him in finding his ball and lining himself up for the stroke, but the only exception made in the Rules of Golf is one which permits the contestants to sole their clubs in hazards. Youngest Amateur Champion Our bespectacled researcher recently emerged from a mass of papers and cor­ respondence with a fact which for years seemed undeterminable. Robert A. Gardner, it develops, was the youngest man ever to win the Amateur Championship. He was 19 years and 5 months old at the time of his first victory, at the Chicago Golf Club in 1909. The difficulty in determining this fact has been that the late Louis N. James also was 19 when he won at the Glen View Club in 1902. However, it has now been found that James was 19 years and 10 months old when he won. Mechanical Transportation Golf carts which carry players around a course will cause damage to most courses during wet weather, the USGA Green Section has found. This damage is especially prominent on areas leading from greens to tees and from tees to fairways where the same traffic path is consistently followed. The Green Section believes that, when moisture conditions favor rutting damage, the carts should not be used. Even under dry conditions when ruts would not be a problem, ex­ cess compaction in the aforementioned areas could still be troublesome. It en­ tails additional aeration, fertilizing and in some instances the use of asphalt paths to prevent excessive damage. Thus, whether the walks are wet or dry, the cost of maintenance will be increased through their use. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 The Green Section does not favor the use of gasoline carts under any condi­ tions. Gas and oil leakage will damage turf. Further, the noise factor will arouse the displeasure of many players. The Seattle (Wash.) Golf Club recent­ ly allowed its members to purchase elec­ tric carts. Their regulations, which the Green Section approves, follow: 1. Carts are never allowed to play through another group. 2. Cart owners must build their own stor­ age sheds and hire the necessary help to keep batteries checked. 3. The cart owner will be charged $1 each time the cart is used. This money goes to the Green Committee to take care of ad­ ditional turf maintenance. 4. The Club charges $15 a month in addition for storage. 5. Carts can be restricted upon notice by the Green Committee if advised by the golf course superintendent. Opinions and Pine Valley When you learn that a golfing friend is going to play Pine Valley for the first time, you almost always express an Photo by Ted Kell, N. Y. Herald Tribune Lord Brabazon of Tara IT .th British Open Trophy opinion as to how he will fare over that wonderful test of the game at Clemen­ ton, N. J., near Philadelphia. It was only natural, therefore, that Lord Brabazon of Tara should be chal­ lenged with a friend’s opinion when he went to Pine Valley. The friend rather thought that Lord Brabazon would not break 100. But Lord Brabazon does not have a handicap of eight for nothing, nor was he Captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, without good reason. He had a 92, and it might easily have been several strokes better. Americans in Canada Americans made a clean sweep of the Canadian amateur championships last month. Miss Barbara Romack, of Sacramento, Cal., won her first national title by defeat­ ing Miss Marlene Stewart, of Fonthill, Ontario, the British Women’s Champion, in the final of the Canadian Women’s Open, 2 and 1, at the London (Ontario) Hunt and Country Club. The final, inci­ dentally, augurs well for the future of women’s golf. Miss Romack is 20 and Miss Stewart 19. Don Cherry, of Wichita Falls, Texas, and New York, came through shortly thereafter in the Canadian Amateur, de­ feating Don Doe, of Granby, Quebec, 1 up, in the final at the Kanawaki Golf Club, in Montreal. Cherry was the only mem­ ber of the United States Walker Cup Team to enter, but the field included the entire British Walker Cup Team. Joe Horgan Joe Horgan, of Brooklyn, N. Y., aged 72 and the dean of American caddies, passed from the golfing scene last sum­ mer, just sixty years after he arrived upon it, and the game stands deprived of one of its most notable characters. It was in the summer of 1893 that Joe started his career as a caddie at Van Cortlandt Park, in the Bronx, and it proved fruitful. He carried Horace Raw­ USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 3 lins’ clubs to victory in the first USGA Open in 1895, and he also was a work­ ing partner with Miss Beatrix Hoyt, Findlay S. Douglas, Willie Anderson, Laurie Auchterlonie, Miss Genevieve Hecker (now Mrs. C. T. Stout), Walter Hagen, George Duncan, Harry Vardon and many others. When Joe became too old to caddie, he assisted golf writers and remained to the last a familiar figure in the game. An Expert William P. Castleman, Jr., of Dallas, Texas, has a comprehensive knowledge of golf, and at least two associations have sought his services. He now is a mem­ ber of the Executive Committee of the USGA and President of the Dallas Golf Association. The breadth of his knowledge was re­ vealed not long ago when he came to the 150-yard eighth hole at the Brook Hollow Golf Club, took his seven iron in hand and knocked his ball squarely into the hole. Even Mr. Castleman had not been sure until that moment that it extended to the making of holes in one, because this was his first in twenty-five years at the game. Old Tyme Caddies The Town and Country Club of St. Paul, Minn., is honoring its former cad­ dies this month for the twentieth consec­ utive year. During the summer of 1933 the idea of honoring the former caddies came to a group of the members of the Town and Country Club, headed by Roy Currie, who himself was a former caddie at that Club. The Club had not maintained any permanent record of its caddies up to that time. However, Currie was acquaint­ ed with several former caddies and he contacted them and arranged for them to contact others. The group was able to get together about 50 or 60 men who had caddied at the Town and Country Club. The Club invited this group to play a round of golf and have dinner at the SPORTSMAN'S CORNER Miss Ann Quast Miss Ann Quasi, of Everett, Wash., scored a superb 71 in the qualifying round of the 2nd Washington Junior Girls' Championship this summer. There was, of course, nothing surprising in that. Al­ though she is only 15, she is certainly one of our country's fine players and, be­ sides, she was playing over the Cedar­ hurst Golf Course, in Marysville, Wash., which her father owns. The qualifying medal seemed io be all wrapped up for delivery to the Quast home, and Ann went into the locker room to put her clubs away and freshen up. There she made a horrifying discovery. Her bag contained not fourteen but fif­ teen clubs, one more than the maximum prescribed in Rule 3. It was there that Ann discovered there is more to golf than winning. She walked straight out to the committee and dis­ qualified herself. Ann and her conscience have been living happily ever after. Club in the evening. The event proved so successful that it was carried on after 1933 on a year-to-year basis until 1951, when the Board of Governors made it an annual event. The former caddies have formed a 4 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 permanent organization known as the “Old Tyme Caddies of the Town and Country Club.” To be eligible, a person must have caddied at that course at least 20 years prior to the date of the party. The 1952 event was attended by more than 150 former caddies, their dates of caddying going back as far as 1895. A 39-Year Span Last April we cited a third instance of an individual who had won the same championship over a span of thirty-five years and added: “We are still looking for anything to beat this.” More recently, in far-away Scotland and New Zealand, we found two. Samuel Mure Fergusson, a member of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, wen that Club’s Royal Medal seven times during the thirty-nine years from 1874 to 1913. The medal was presented by King William IV and has been in competition since 1837. The late A. D. S. Duncan, one of New Zealand’s foremost amateurs, won the championship of the Wellington Golf Club twenty-three times in the thirty­ eight years from 1896 through 1934. It should also be a part of this record that Mr. Duncan won the New Zealand Ama­ teur ten times and the New Zealand Open three times and was leading ama­ teur in the Open in 1935, at the age of 60. 6 We don’t expect to hear much more on this subject. Best Ball of Four Handicaps A correspondent has asked us for a recommendation for handicapping a best ball of four stroke play competition. This form of play is not unusual. The team sometimes consists of a professional and three amateurs and at other times of four club members, but scoring is always base ! on the best ball of the four. There is no formal recommendation for handicapping competitions of this sort in USGA Golf Handicap System for Men, but William 0. Blanev, Chair­ man of the USGA Handicap Committee says : “We have for a number of years played these best of four competitions as week­ end tournaments among members at my club. 1 hey work out very well when each player is granted 75 per cent of his in­ dividual handicap, strokes to be taken as they come on the card.” Tee Markers At Oklahoma City Players in the Amateur Championship this month at the Oklahoma City Golt and Country Club found the teeing grounds defined by an unusual type of marker: twro drilling bits off an oil well rotary drill. They are painted and are of such heavy metal as to discourage small boys from making off with them and big boys from banging their club? into them after errant shots. Unfit for Play! Fred Pagano and Walter Tynan, of the Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck. N. Y., were losing to Don Cherry and Frank Strafaci, of the Garden City Coun­ try Club, Garden City, N. Y., in the final of the John G. Anderson Memorial Four- Ball at Winged Foot last month. Pagano’s driver was acting strangely, and toward the end of the first nine he decided that something was definitely wrong with it. He asked the referee, C. W. Benedict, if he might change it. Benedict studied the club carefully and could see no sign that it was broken. Pagano readily admitted that it had been misbehaving for two or three rounds. The decision was, therefore, that the driver could not at that point be suddenly declared unfit for play and replaced. This was accepted in good humor and the match continued amiably7 until the turn was reached. There Cherry decided that he had dressed too lightly for the cool and cloudy day and asked if he might make a quick change of trousers in the clubhouse. The referee asked Pagano and Tynan if they had any objection. They had none, of course, but Pagano could not resist the wry remark: “I think he should show us they’re really broken.” USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 5 The Walker Cup Match When weather is normal along the Massachusetts coast, a southwest breeze whips up white caps on Buzzards Bay and blows briskly across the Kittansett Club’s golf course. The weather was by no means normal, however, during the fourteenth interna­ tional match for the Walker Cup. It was calm and hot most of the time. Thus the seaside course which had seemed likely to provide cooling winds favorable to the British offered conditions which differed little from those at many an inland course on the hot days of Labor Day week-end. There is no way of estimating how this freak of weather affected the result. It may be that the United States side, which exhibited remarkable control of the ball, would have been able to find its targets through the wind just as well as the Brit­ ish. However, it was clearly American weather, not British weather. In this native sultry heat, the United States proved clearly superior in depth and won the Cup for the thirteenth time, 9 to 3. The United States won the first three of the four foursomes on the first day, and although the British played bravely and stubbornly, it seemed throughout the day that they were fated to trail. The most spectacular play came in the third foursome, where James G. Jackson and Gene A. Littler played alternate strokes in par over thirty-two holes to defeat the two Scotsmen, Roy C. MacGregor and James C. Wilson, 3 and 2. Jackson and Littler This was a whirlaway sort of a victory, for Jackson and Littler were 3 down play­ ing from the fourth tee. Wilson chipped in for a birdie 3 to win the first hole and then Jackson discovered and reported while walking up the second fairway that he had sixteen clubs in his bag, two more than Rule 3 allows. He had neglected to remove his brassie and an extra wedge. The penalty is, of course, disqualifica­ tion; and the first reaction of the Ex­ ecutive Committee was to invoke it. How­ ever, the British immediately asserted their desire to win their points on their play of the game. The Committee then yielded and modified the penalty to two holes, the number which Jackson had played in inadvertent violation, as it was empowered to do by Rule 36-5. Since the British already had won the first hole, the United States pair was penalized the second and third holes and was sent to the fourth tee 3 down. They were still 3 down at the turn, but a homecoming 33 gained them five holes and a lead they never relinquished. The next best performance was dis­ played by the British team of Gerald H. Micklem and John L. Morgan, who were only three over par for thirty-three holes in besting William C. Campbell and Charles R. Coe, 4 and 3, to wrin the only foursome point for their side. White Catches Chapman It was in the singles play on the sec­ ond day, however, that the heroic match occurred. The United States won six of the eight singles, and certainly incurred no embarrassment over the second en­ gagement, in which Ronald J. White, of Great Britain, defeated Richard D. Chap­ man, who is a member of the Kittansett Club, 1 up. After thirty holes, Chapman was 3 up. It looked very much as if White, who had gone unbeaten in both foursomes and singles in three previous matches but had lost his foursome the day before, had come altogether to the end of his string. But not so. White played the last six holes in three birdies and three pars, three 3s and three 4s, to win four of them and his fourth successive Walker Cup singles. Chapman survived the first two birdies and was still 1 up with two to play, but White hit a superb half shot from the 6 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Norwum Fortier Lined up with the Walker Cup which they defended successfully at the Kiiianseii Club, m Marion, Mass., are the members of the United States Team, from the left: Charles H. Yates, of Atlanta, Ga., the non-playing Captain; Jack Westland, of Everett, Wash., Richard D. Chapman, of Pinehurst, N .C., E. Harvie Ward, Jr., of Atlanta, Ga., Donald R. Cherry, of Wichita Falls, Texas, Sam Urzetta, of Rochester, N. Y., Kenneth P. Ven- Stnal'AGen! ™ LiHler' of San Diego, Cal., James G. Jackson, of St. Louis, Mo., Charles R. Coe, of Oklahoma City, Okla., and William C. Campbell, of Huntington, W. Va. rough with a No. 4 iron on the thirty­ fifth and ran in a ten-foot putt for a birdie 3 to square the match. The last hole is a 455-yarder into a quartering breeze which had sprung up at the end of the day, and White was handsomely on with his second while Chapman was bunkered near the green. The match turned when Chapman did not explode quite close enough to match White’s par 4. White’s score was 77-70—147 and Chapman, even with 7s on the fifteenth hole in each round, did two 74s. The best scoring in singles was turned in by E. Harvie Ward, Jr., and Gene Littler, of the United States. Both were one under par for thirty-three holes and they needed it, Ward to defeat Joseph B. Carr, the British Amateur Champion, 4 and 3, in the first match and Littler to beat Gerald Micklem, the English Ama­ teur Champion, 5 and 3, in the third match. The depth of the United States strength was apparent, however, in the achievements of Sam Urzetta and Ken­ neth P. Venturi, who were only one over par, and of Donald R. Cherry, the Ca­ nadian Champion, and Congressman Jack Westland, the USGA Amateur Champion, who were only three over in wrapping up four more victories. John Morgan won the third and last British point when he beat Charles R- Coe, 3 and 2, and he was the only Briton to score in both foursomes and singles. He and Gerald Micklem had gotten the better of Coe and William C. Campbell on the previous day. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 7 Large Ball vs. Small Ball Generally speaking, the United States side played the larger American ball and the British played the smaller British ball. Play with either ball in an inter­ national team match is permitted by Rule 2-3a. Discussions of the relative merits of the two balls were inconclusive, how­ ever. Most of the United States players car­ ried a few of the smaller balls against the possibility of high winds, but the winds never really came. Chapman started his singles match with the smaller ball but switched to the larger ball after seven holes. A few of the others put the smaller ball into play for a particular hole only. The consensus was that the balls act differently in coming off the clubface around and on the greens, and each side seemed reluctant to abandon the ball it understood best around the greens. As is customary with Walker Cup matches, however, the play was by no means the whole show. The Kittansett Club carried out like a veteran its tra­ ditional role as host, and provided not only a most testing course but also an enjoyable week of golf and festivities which enabled the two teams to get to know one another intimately and to com­ pete on the friendliest basis. There seems no doubt that this match, like its predecessors, served the purposes which the late George Herbert Walker had in mind when he established the competition: to set an example in good golf and good sportsmanship and to tighten the bonds of international friend­ ship. The worth of these purposes was acknowledged by the highest office in the land during the dinner for the two teams, when the following letter addressed to Senator Prescott S. Bush, a former Presi­ dent of the USGA, was read: The White House Washington Denver, Colorado September 3, 1953 Dear Pres: Some time ago I sent Mr. Reece a formal message of welcome and greeting to the members of the British and American teams participating in the Walker Cup Matches at the Kittansett Club on September 4th and 5th. Now, however, I would like to join with the friends and relatives of George Herbert Walker in saluting his memory on this occasion. He was a distinguished citi­ zen and sportsman, and I am proud to have known and admired him. Good luck to all who are participating in the Walker Cup Matches at Kittansett! With warm personal regards to you and Mrs. Bush, Sincerely, Dwight 15. Eisenhower The Honorable Prescott Bush INTERNATIONAL MATCH FOR THE WALKER CUP Held a* the Kittansett Club, Marion, Mass. September 4 and 5, 1953 Foursomes GREAT BRITAIN Points Joseph B. Carr and Ronald J. White ................. 0 John D. A. Langley and Arthur H. Perowne ............ 0 James C. Wilson and Roy C. MacGregor .............„.. 0 Gerald H. Micklem and John L. Morgan (4 and 3)_ 1 UNITED STATES Points Sam Urzetta and Kenneth P. Venturi (6 and 4)... .... 1 E. Harvie Ward, Jr., and Jack Westland (9 and 8). 1 James G. Jackson and Gene A. Littler (3 and 2) 1 William C. Campbell and Charles R. Coe .......... 0 Foursomes Totals 1 Singles ~3 Joseph B. Carr . .... ... ................................. 0 Ronald J. White (1 up) ...................—....... 1 Gerald H. M'crem ... ------------------------- 0 Roy C. MacGregor ... - ------------------------- 0 Norman V. Drew ------ ----------------- ---------------------------- 0 James C. Wilson ... --------- --------------- 0 L. Morgan (3 and 2) ____________ 1 John John D. A. Langley ■■■■— 0 _ E. Harvie Ward, Jr. (4 and 3) _______ ______ ____ 1 Richard D. Chapman __________ _________________ 0 Gene A. Littler (5 and 3) ......—................ . .......... 1 Jack Westland (7 and 5) _______ ________________ 1 Donald R. Cherry (9 and 7) _____________________ 1 Kenneth P. Venturi (9 and 8) __________________ 1 Charles R. Coe ....................... —....... 0 Sam Urzetta (3 and 2) -------------------------------------------- 1 Singles totals Grand totals Ccp’a'n: Lt. Col. A. A. Duncan 2 3 Captain: Charles R. Yates 6 9 8 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 I Was in My Wife’s Gallery The following article was written by John L. Hulteng for the In Perspective column on the editorial pages of the Providence (R. I.) Journal-Bulletin during the 1953 Womens Amateur Championship at the Rhode Island Country Club. Mr. Hulteng is an editorial writer for the newspaper; Mrs. Hulteng was a quarter-finalist in the Championship. in the yellow' jacket. “She can still get out of it all right.” “I’m not the slightest bit jittery and I wish you wouldn’t keep talking about it,” I told him, edging away. “Hey,” he said. “Watch where you’re __55 My wife was playing in a golf match the other day, and I was in the gallery. Fortunately, I’m never nervous on such occasions. They teed off, and my wife’s opponent dropped a magnificent putt for a birdie and won the first hole. There was a man in a yellow jacket who kept following along beside me and he turned to me: “What are you doing?” “I’m writing down the score,” I told him. “Hadn’t you better turn the pencil around? The lead is on the other end.” “Thank you,” I said, with dignity. My wife lost the second hole, and was two down. A woman in a long peaked cap came up to me. “Things aren’t looking too bright, are they?” she said sympathetically. “Oh,” I said airily, “it’s nothing to be upset about. After all, it’s only a molf gatch.” She stared at me a moment. “Yes,” she said. “Yes, of course.” Neither my wife nor her opponent won either of the next two holes. Then they came to a short, par three hole. My wife was about to hit her drive. The man in the yellow jacket was beside me again. “She’s about to drive,” he said. “Aren’t you going to watch?” “I have to tie my shoelace,” I told him. “You’ve been tying that shoelace during every shot for the last three holes.” “It’s an old lace,” I told him. “Very slippery.” Finally the match stood all even after six holes. Then my wife hit a shot into a bad piece of rough. “Don’t be jittery now,” said the man Two gallery marshals helped me up out of the sand trap and brushed the sand off the back of my shirt. “I ought to penalize your wife two strokes,” one of them said darkly, “it's against the rules for a competitor to use any implement to test the consistency of a sand trap.” Around the middle of the match my wife took a one-hole lead. The tension grew. It was blazing hot on the course. I reached down for my handkerchief and mopped the perspiration off my brow’. “Do you always,” said the man in the yellow jacket, “use your tie to wipe off your face?” “There are so many other matches to watch,” I told him. “Why don’t you go find one of them?” My wife won another hole, and was two up with only a few holes left. I was standing at one side of the fair­ way, in the shade of some trees. The woman in the peaked cap came up behind me. “Well,” she said, slapping me on the shoulder. “How do you feel now?” “Fine,” I told her from ten feet up in the tree. “Just fine.” “That’s good,” she said. “Don’t try to get down. I’ll go find a ladder.” The sun grew hotter and the tension tighter. But as it turned out my wife won the match on the 16th hole. Someone went up to congratulate her and asked her how she felt. “I’m hungry,” she said. And I’m proud to say that I maintained my own icy calm right up to the final moment of the match. In fact, I never felt more relaxed than I did as they carried me into the club­ house. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 9 Miss Faulk a Worthy Champion By JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. USGA Executive Director To take the word of the ladies who dis­ port in major golf tournaments, Miss Mary Lena Faulk has been regarded for several years as one of the soundest, most solid players. The general public may have had a different if superficial view, for her record in the USGA Women's Amateur Championship had not been im­ pressive—she had been defeated twice in the first round, once in the second, once in the third, and that was the farthest she had gone. But her opponents have long had the highest respect for her game, and an opponent’s estimate is apt to be quite honest and critical. Thus, Miss Faulk has received unques­ tioned acceptance as a very -thorough Champion at golf, following her victory in the 53rd USGA Women’s Amateur tournament at the Rhode Island Country Club, near Providence. The male spectators were completely convinced of her ability. As a matter of fact, many males who observed the week’s events came away well chastened, with a deep sense of humility, after watching 149 ladies give a real demon­ stration of how the game can be played. A Women’s Championship is always a deflating experience for a man’s golfing ego. One man summed up about Miss Faulk by saying: “She is a real Champion, both as a player and as a person.” That was how Eddie Vare felt about it, and he should know, for his wife was six times national Champion (the former Miss Glenna Collett). Miss Faulk is a quiet, lady-like, slender young woman of 27 from Thomasville, Ga. Her golfing style is simple and sound, with little or no wasted effort.. She seems tireless in her ability to keep plac­ ing the ball on the green. Abroad, she won many friends and much respect for 1955 CHAMPIONSHIPS The USGA has accepted invitations to hold 1955 Championships at the fol­ lowing places: Amateur Championship—Country Club of Virginia (James River course), Richmond, Va. Amateur Public Links Championship —Coffin Municipal Golf Course, Indi­ anapolis, Ind. Junior Amateur Championship — Pur­ due University (South course), West Lafayette, Ind. All dates will be fixed later. her game when she reached the semi­ finals of the British Championship last spring. To win the Championship at Rhode Is­ land, Miss Faulk had to vanquish seven opponents in six days. Among them were Mrs. Mark A. Porter, the 1949 Cham­ pion; Mrs. John L. Hulteng, the former Betty Jean Rucker, who has long been a strong contender for the Championship; 16-year-old Margaret (Wiffi) Smith, Mexican Champion, and Miss Polly Ri­ ley, several times a member of the Curtis Cup Team. For Miss Riley, it was a naturally dis- anuointing conclusion to a week of splen­ did play. She had played through the very strong first quarter of the draw, and numbered among her victims two mem­ bers of the last Curtis Cup Team—Misses Patricia O’Sullivan and Dorothy Kirby, the 1951 Champion—besides Miss Edean Anderson, the Trans-Mississippi Cham­ pion, and Miss Patricia Devany. Miss Riley has been a contender ever since World War II, and twice before she reached the last eight. In the 36-hole final at Rhode Island, Miss Faulk played one of the fine rounds 10 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 The four semi-finalists in the Women's Amateur Championship at the Rhode Island Country Club, from the left: Miss Polly Riley, of Fort Worth, Texas, the runner-up; Mrs. Philip J. Cudone, of Montclair, N. J.; Miss Mary Lena Faulk, of Thomasville, Ga., the Champion; and Miss Margaret Smith, of Guadalajara, Mexico. Photo by Archie Arsenault, Providence Journal-Bulletin of Championship history with a 73 in the morning which left her 6 up. Miss Riley made a valiant comeback and ex­ tended the match to the 34th hole before it was settled, 3 and 2. All Match Play To Be Continued The Championship was unusually in­ teresting, with a representative field of 149 playing a testing Donald Ross course which called for skillful shot-making. Rhode Island Country Club used to be the home course of Glenna Vare, and it is among her favorites. It was there in the 1924 Championship that Glenna be­ came the first player in history to break 80 in the qualifying round, with a 79. The Championship that year was won bv Mrs. Dorothy Campbell Hurd, who de­ feated Miss Mary K. Browne in the final. A month before, Miss Browne had been a semi-finalist in the National Tennis Championship. This year there was no qualifying round, and the all-match-play tournament was arranged by a blind draw, with the exception that 13 certain players of proven quality were distributed among the four quarters; this distribution was made by a further draw and not by spe­ cific seeding. These players included for­ mer Champions, members of the last Curtis Cup Team, the 1953 British Cham­ pion (Miss Marlene Stewart, 19-year-old Canadian lass); the 1953 Canadian Champion (Miss Barbara Romack. of Sacramento, Cal.); and the low amateur in the 1953 USGA Women’s Open Championship (Miss Patricia Lesser, of Seattle). A poll of players last year indicated a strong preference for all-match-play, and elimination of a qualifying round. The events at Rhode Island produced no com­ pelling reason for any further change, USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 IT and all-match-play will be the order next year. The Championship brought a number of younger players to the fore and re­ flected some of the interest developed through the USGA Girls’ Junior Cham­ pionship. The USGA Women’s Commit­ tee Will have an interesting time selecting the 1954 Curtis Cup Team. Young Wiffi Smith, born in California but long a resident of Mexico, deserves great credit for reaching the semi-finals in her first visit to the Championship. Cheers, too, for Mrs. Philip Cudone, New Jersey housewife, who also went to the semi-finals. On her way Mrs. Cudone eliminated Miss Bee McWane and Miss Carol Diringer before Miss Riley stopped her. The Rhode Island Country Club was most efficient in its arrangements and generous in its hospitality, thanks largely to Malcolm E. Stone, General Chairman; Mrs. Arnold Brown, Women’s Chairman, and Alan Sheldon, President. The New England hosts provided small Confederate flags to marshal the all­ Southern finalists through the gallery lines. It was a most appropriate finishing touch to another Georgia victory. Miss Faulk joins Mrs. Alexa Stirling Fraser, a three-time Champion; Miss Louise Suggs and Miss Dorothy Kirby as Georgia win­ ners of the handsome old trophy, which is now on its seventh visit to the land of Bob Jones. MISS MEYERSON'S WIN A new golfing family appears to be in the making in Los Angeles. Last year, Eddie Meyerson, then 17, was a finalist in the USGA Junior Ama­ teur Championship and made an excellent showing against Donald M. Bisplinghofi, the winner. This year, Eddie’s sister, Miss Millie Meyerson, 16 years old, came east for the 5th Girls’ Junior Championship at The Country Club, in Brookline, Mass., and won. Their achievements, on the junior level, reminded many spectators of the feats of Miss Edith and Dexter Cummings, of USGA PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, effective January 1, 1952 (1953 edition). Booklet, 25 cents (special rates far quantity orders). ARE YOUR LOCAL RULES NECESSARY?, a reprint of a USGA Journal article containing recom­ mendations regarding local rules. No charge* THE RULE ABOUT OBSTRUCTIONS, a reprint of a USGA Journal article. No charge, USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, containing recommendations for computing Basic and Current Handicaps and for rating courses. Booklet, 25 cents. Poster, 10 cents. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a re­ print of-a USGA Journal article explaining the Callaway system of automatic handicap­ ping for occasional players in a single tourna­ ment. No charge. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA Journal article detailing various types of competitions. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHTNING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. MOTION PICTURES ON GOLF (list). No charge. HOLE-IN-ONE AWARDS. No charge. AMATEURISM IS IN THE HEART, a reprint of a USGA Journal article by E. G. Grace. No charge. THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION, a pamphlet describing its origin and activities* No charge. BETTER LAWNS TO COME, a reprint of a USGA Journal article. No charge. TURF MANAGEMENT, by H. B. Musser (McGraw- Hill Book Co., Inc.), the authoritative book on greenkeeping. $7. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT, a 33- page magazine published seven times a year and containing authoritative information on the Rules of Golf, USGA championships, handicapping, amateur status, greenkeeping methods, clubs and ball, new trends and the play of the game. $2 a year. These publications are available on request to the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Chicago, who, in 1923, brought to their household the Women’s Amateur and the Intercollegiate Championships. 12 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Miss Meyerson’s chances were not considered particularly bright, even by herself. The field of 41 was studded with such players as Miss Anne Richardson, 17, of Columbus, Ohio, recent winner of the Women’s Western Junior; Miss Ber- ridge Long, 16, of Huntington, W. Va., runner-up in that event and West Vir­ ginia Champion; Miss Margaret Smith, 16, of Guadalajara, Mexico, the Mexican Champion, and Miss Jacqueline Yates, 17, of Honolulu, T. H., who were en route to the Women’s Amateur Championship the following week at the Rhode Island Country Club, in West Barrington, R. I. Miss Meyerson had not even entered the Women’s Championship. The qualifying play went generally to form, and the Misses Richardson, Long and Yates tied for the medal with 77s. The principal surprise was the failure of Miss Ann Quast, 15, of Everett, Wash., who had been co-medalist and a semi­ finalist last year. She scored 39-49—88, one stroke too many to qualify. Miss Richardson, Miss Long and Miss Smith all went down in the second round and Miss Yates fell in the semi-finals, leaving only Miss Meyerson and Miss Holly Jean Roth, also 16, of Milwaukee, Wis., who had beaten both Miss Richard­ son and Miss Yates. In the final, Miss Miss Millie Meyerson 1953 Girls’ Junior Champion Meyerson went her brother one better and took the match, 4 and 2. Both final­ ists will be eligible to compete next year at the Gulph Mills Golf Club, Bridgeport, Pa. QUERY ON CALCUTTAS Question : It seems to be necessary to conduct one of these Calcutta pools in connection with every golf tournament of any importance, and it seems to be customary for the winner of the pool to hand over to the winning player, whose ticket he has, a good healthy chunk of the pot. In a tournament which will be played here, there probably will be at least three amateurs, any one of whom, with a bit of luck, could win. Let’s suppose that one of them does win and accepts a slice of the Calcutta pool from the chap who has bought his ticket. Where does that player stand when he attempts to enter the Ama­ teur Championship? Answer: There is no question about the impairment of a player’s amateur status when he accepts a financial reward for winning a tournament in connection with which a Calcutta pool is held, whether or not the player was aware of the possible reward before competing. If he was aware, he certainly has played for a money prize. If he was not aware and accepted cash, his status would not fall within the De­ finition of an Amateur. If you had a definite case, such as that outlined in your letter, we could not clear the individual for our Amateur Championship. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 13 Big Moments in the Walker Cup Matches By JOHN P. ENGLISH USGA Assistant Executive Director The Walker Cup competition was be­ gun in the wake of the first World War with a view to stimulating golf interest on both sides of the Atlantic. It was born in an era of dawning in­ ternationalism and grew, at least in part, out of two international matches between Canada and the United States. In 1919, the Royal Canadian Golf Association in­ vited the USGA to send an amateur team to Canada. The invitation was accepted, and William C. Fownes, Jr., was ap­ pointed captain. His 10-man team con­ sisted of* John G. Anderson, Eben M. By­ ers, Charles Evans, Jr., Robert A. Gard­ ner, Robert T. Jones, Jr., Oswald Kirkby, Max Marston, Francis D. Ouimet, George Ormiston and Jerome D. Travers. Playing foursomes in the morning and singles in the afternoon, it defeated the Canadians, 12 to 3, at the Hamilton (Ont.) Golf Club on July 25, 1919. The USGA Team won a return match the following year, in Sep­ tember, at the Engineers Country Club, in Roslyn, N. Y., 10 to 4. Simultaneously, British and Americans were seriously seeking each other’s cham­ pionships. In the spring of 1920, Bob Gardner had gone to the final of the Brit­ ish Amateur at Muirfield, losing to Cyril Tolley on the 37th hole. The USGA Ama­ teur that fall also had an international aspect. In addition to members of the Canadian team, Tolley, Roger Wethered, Lord Charles Hope and Tommy Armour came from Great Britain. Most of these failed to qualify, and the last foreign con­ tender, Armour, was beaten by Ouimet in the third round. The Executive Committee of the USGA, meanwhile, was invited abroad to confer with the Royal and Ancient Golf Club’s Rules Committee regarding the advis­ ability of amending or modifying various rules. The invitation was accepted and the USGA representatives sailed in the spring of 1920. The conferees met fre­ quently in England and Scotland and played many of the well-known links. Mr. Walker's Plan Among the participants was George Herbert Walker, of the National Golf Links of America, Southampton, N. Y., President of the USGA in 1920, who passed away last June. Mr. Walker had been a low-handicap player in St. Louis and was a keen advocate of the game. Upon the Executive Committee’s re­ turn to the United States, the possibility of international team matches was dis­ cussed. The idea so appealed to Mr. Walk­ er that, at a meeting of the Committee at the Links Club, in Manhattan, on the afternoon of December 21, 1920, he pre­ sented a plan for an international golf championship and offered to donate an International Challenge Trophy. When the newspapers printed the news, they called it, to Mr. Walker’s chagrin, the “Walker Cup”, and the name has stuck. Early in 1921, the USGA invited alt countries interested in golf to send teams to compete for the Trophy, but no coun­ try was able to accept that year. The American urge for international com­ petition was rampant, however, and Fownes, who had twice assembled the amateur teams which played against Can­ ada, rounded up a third team in the spring of 1921 and took it to Hoylake, England, where in an informal match it defeated a British team, 9 to 3, on the day before the British Amateur. If there had been any sentiment that the Americans could not provide adequate competition, this must have dispelled it. The members of that informal United States team were: Charles Evans, Jr., Wil­ liam C. Fownes, Jr., Jesse P. Guilford. Paul Hunter, Robert T. Jones, Jr., Fran­ cis D. Ouimet, J. Wood Platt and Fred­ erick J. Wright, Jr. They won all four of the morning foursomes and five of the eight afternoon singles. 14 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Although the Americans were not suc­ cessful in the British Amateur, Wright did go to the quarter-finals and Jock Hutchison later that year won the Brit­ ish Open, after a play-off with Roger Wethered. The following spring, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scot­ land, announced that it would send a team to compete for the Walker Cup in the United States that,year, 1922. Howard F. Whitney, who had suc­ ceeded Mr. Walker as President of the USGA in 1921, made the arrangements for the match, selecting as the site Mr. Walker’s home club, the National Golf Links of America. The dates were Mon­ day and Tuesday, August 28 and 29. The plan was for each side to select eight players and to play foursomes the first day and singles the second day. The team selected to represent the United States was again captained by Fownes. The other members were Charles Evans, Jr., Robert A. Gardner, Jesse P. Guilford, Robert T. Jones, Jr., Max R. Marston, Francis D. Ouimet and Jess W. Sweetser. Guilford held the Amateur Championship. Robert Harris was nominated to cap­ tain the British team. His side consisted of Cyril J. H. Tolley, Roger H. Wethered, Colin C. Aylmer, C. V. L. Hooman, W. B. Torrance, John Caven and W. Willis Mackenzie. A notable absentee was Er­ nest W. E. Holderness, the British Cham­ pion, who was unable to make the trip. Bernard Darwin's Role Bernard Darwin, the golf writer of the Times of London, came with the team as a correspondent. When Harris fell ill be­ fore the match, Darwin was invited to compete in his stead and serve as play­ ing captain. He defeated Fownes, 3 and 1, in an interesting singles match after losing the first three holes. : In the final singles match, Hooman de­ feated Sweetser on the first extra hole. It was the only extra-hole match ever played in Walker Cup competitions. Since that time, matches which finish even have not been played out, and no points are awarded to either side. Although many of the matches in that first meeting were close, the United States won three of the four foursomes and the first five of the eight singles to. score an 8 to 4 victory in the first official match for the Walker Cup. The members of the British team went from the National to Brookline, Mass,, for the USGA Amateur and only Tolley went as far as the quarter-finals in quest of the title which Sweetser won so im­ pressively. An invitation to send a team to St. Andrews, Scotland, to defend the cup was quickly accepted the following winter, and the Americans nearly received their come­ uppance in May, 1923. There had been many changes in personnel. Robert A. Gardner succeeded William C. Fownes, Jr., as captain, and ten players were se­ lected so that alternates would be avail­ able on the scene. In addition to Gard­ ner, Francis Ouimet, Jess Sweetser and Max Marston continued as members. S. Davidson Herron, Harrison R. Johnston, J. F. Neville, George V. Rotan, Dr. 0. F. Willing and Frederick J. Wright, Jr., re­ placed Evans, Fownes, Guilford and Jones, who was studying at Harvard. In the British Amateur at Deal, which preceded the Match, Ouimet, who had won the Gold Vase, went to the semi­ finals, along with Douglas Grant, a fel- lowrAmerican who was living abroad. Roger Wethered defeated Robert Harns, 7 and 6, in the final, and he remains the only Briton who has won a British Ama­ teur in a year when a United States Walk­ er Cup Team was playing abroad. On the first day of the Match at St. Andrews, with Cyril Tolley and Roger Wethered leading off, the British won three of the four foursomes, so that the Americans went into the eight singles needing five victories to tie and six to win. The prospect became even more gloomy when most of the Americans were trailing in their singles matches at noon. At one point the Team, collectively, had been 24 holes down. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 15 Robert T. Jones, Jr., then 20, putting on the third green at the National Golf Links of America, Southampton, N. Y„ in the first Match for the Walker Cup. He defeated Roger H. Wethered, right, 3 and 2. Then their competitive fire was kindled. Ouimet, 2 down with three to play, made 3s on the 34th and 36th holes, the latter by holing an 18-foot putt around a par­ tial stymie, to halve with Wethered and equal the course record of 70. Rotan, who had been 6 down after 14 holes, ral­ lied to win 11 of the next 12 holes and defeat Mackenzie, 6 and 4. Marston, who had been 1 down at noon, came back to beat W. L. Hope, 5 and 4. Wright, 2 down with three to play, won the last three holes, the final one with a seven­ foot putt for a birdie 3, to defeat Holder- ness. These comebacks, coupled with Gard­ ner’s 1-up victory over Harris, the Brit­ ish Captain, tied the match, and the de­ cision rode on the contest between Dr. Willing and William A. Murray. They were the last on the course, and with three holes »o play, they were even. But Dr. Willing won the 34th and 35th to give the United States a 6-to-5 victory and retain the Cup. In his report to the Executive Com­ mittee, Howard F. Whitney, chairman of the International Matches and Relations Committee, wrote: “Your committee is of the opinion that international compe­ tition in golf has done as much for the development of the game as any other factor.” Another Match was scheduled for Sep tember, 1924, at the Garden City Golf Club. Captain Gardner’s American team was particularly strong that year, every member having been a veteran Cup play­ er. It won, 9 to 3, over Captain Cyril Tolley’s side, although not one of the Americans clinched a victory earlier than the 33rd green. This Match was the last to be played on an annual basis. It was felt that the financial strain of annual Matches was too severe and that interest might drop if the Matches were played too fre­ quently. A decision was made to meet in alternate years thereafter. In 1926, the Americans, again cap­ tained by Gardner, went first to Muirfield, Scotland, for the British Amateur. Jess Sweetser, suffering severely from near­ pneumonia, became the first American- born winner of that Championship. Then the team, comprising a nucleus of veter­ ans, with George Von Elm and the two youngsters, Roland Mackenzie, who was only 17, and Watts Gunn, returned to St. Andrews for the Match and defended the Cup by the narrowest of margins. Bob Jones, who later that year was to win his first British Open, started his series of one-sided victories in singles play by defeating Cyril Tolley, 12 and 11. Jones never was defeated in five singles matches. But the Americans won only six contests against Captain Harris’s side, and 16 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 their 6 to 5 victory traced to Von Elm’s tie with Major Charles 0. Hezlet in a grim singles contest on the final day. After that Match, Jones assumed the captaincy of the Team and, in 1928 at the Chicago Golf Club and in 1930 at Sandwich, inaugurated a period of as­ cendancy which saw the Americans win­ ning, 11 to 1 and 10 to 2. Jones set the pace in 1928 when he de­ feated T. Philip Perkins, 13 and 12, in the first singles match. It was the widest margin in the history of the series. George J. Voigt and Donald K. Moe joined the team in 1930, and Moe won one of the great matches of the series from James A. (Bill)* Stout. Stout played the course in 68 in the morning and stood 4 up. He started the afternoon round 3-3-3 and went 7 up, and he was still 7 up with 13 to play. Moe then took back every one of the seven holes and won the match with a birdie 3 on the last hole. His score for the round was 67. After the match, Stout remarked rev­ erently: “That was not golf; that was a visitation from the Lord!” Ouimet's Cup Career Upon Jones’s retirement after his Grand Slam in 1930, Francis Ouimet, who had participated in every interna­ tional Match, took over the captaincy in 1932 and retained it for six matches, through 1949. His personal record re­ veals four victories and two defeats in eight singles matches and five wins and three losses in eight foursomes. He last played in 1934 at St. Andrews but con­ tinued as a non-playing Captain. a The personnel of the teams changed rapidly, too, after the Jones era, as Charles H. Seaver, Gus T. Moreland. George T. Dunlap, Jr., William Howell, Jack Westland, a player in 1932 and 1934 and again in 1953; Maurice J. McCarthy, Jr., W. Lawson Little, Jr., John Good­ man, the veteran H. Chandler Egan, who played in 1934 at the age of 50; John W. Fischer, Albert E. Campbell, Reyndtds Smith, Charles R. Yates, Walter Emery, Harry L. Givan, Ed White, Charles R. Kocsis, Marvin H. Ward, Raymond E. Billows and Fred Haas, Jr., successively entered the scene in the prewar years. Crawley Denis the Cup They were capable replacements for the veterans of the early matches. At The Country Club in 1932, when the Match was played during a total eclipse of the sun, the biggest dent the British made in the Cup was by Leonard G. Crawley. He not only won the only point for Captain T. A. Torrance’s side, defeating George J. Voigt by a hole, but his errant iron shot to the 18th green at noon hit the Cup on the fly. The Americans won the dented Cup, 8 to 1. The British side that year included two brothers, Rex W. and W. Lister Hartley, and they were paired to­ gether in the first foursome. Playing at St. Andrews in 1934 and then at the Pine Valley Golf Club in 1936, the Americans won their eight and ninth successive victories, by 9 to 2 and then, in the only shutout of the series, by 9 to 0. The British side in 1934 was cap­ tained by the Hon. Michael Scott, who had won the 1933 British Amateur at the age of 55 and the following year became the oldest competitor in the Walker Cup series. Again the American invasion in­ cluded a victory in the British Amateur. Lawson Little winning at Prestwick. The British went down fighting, how­ ever, in 1936. In the foursome play at Pine Valley, Alec Hill and Cecil Ewing were 7 down to George Voigt and Harry Givan with 11 to play. They squared the match on the 35th hole and halved the last to gain a tie. And Jock McLean, of the British Team, nearly carried away our Amateur Championship; Johnny Fischer had to play the last three hojes in birdies to beat him on the 37th green in the final. The succession of nine victories, the last four decisive, set the stage for the come-uppance which had been so nar­ rowly averted in 1923. There was every reason for the Americans to be confident again when they went to Scotland in 1938, and Charles R. Yates, the Captain this year, won the British Amateur at Troon, prior to the Walker Cup play, to increase this confidence. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 17 The British, however, were most serious about the Match. Captain John B. Beck conducted trials for a squad of players in an effort to end the American string of nine successive victories. When the teams met at St. Andrews, the British won two and halved another of the four four­ somes to take a lead they never re­ linquished. An indication of their excel­ lence was the fact that James Bruen, Jr., and Harry G. Bentley, 3 down at noon, came back with an approximate 68 to halve Fischer and Kocsis. The Sole Defeat The Americans needed five victories in singles to insure defense of the Cup. Ward played the Old Course in 67 in the first round and beat Frank Pennink, 12 and 11. Fischer, 4 down at noon, was 6 under 4s for 16 holes in the afternoon to beat Leonard Crawley. Yates also won. But their victories were not enough. Great Britain finally took possession of the Cup, .7 to 4, in its tenth challenge. It took a decade for the United States to regain the Cup. The War intervened and no Match was played until the USGA sent a team to St. Andrews in 1947. Un­ der normal circumstances, the Match would have been played in this country, but postwar conditions would have made the trip difficult for the British. The Match was another close one, closer than the score indicated. Captain Ouimet’s side won two foursomes, and Captain Beck’s side won two. After 18 holes of singles play, four British play­ ers were ahead and four Americans were leading. It was anyone’s Match, but the Americans were equal to the occasion. Bud Ward, 3 down at noon, played 15 holes in three under 4s to beat Leonard Crawley, 5 and 3, in the No. 1 contest. Frank Stranahan, 2 down at noon, went to the turn in 34 and defeated Charles Stowe, 2 and 1. The four Americans who had been ahead at noon held their ad­ vantages, and the United States regained the Cup, 8 to 4. The Team stayed abroad for the British Amateur, at Carnoustie, and Willie Turnesa won. Only one member of this 1947 Team NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA Regular A'exan Jria Golf and Country Club, La. Alvin Golf and Country Club, Texas Bend Golf Club, Ore. Blackwell Country Club, Okla. Bur'ington Country Club, Vt. Butler Country Club, Pa. Columbia Golf Club, Minn. Coral Gab'es Biltmore, Fla. Country Club of Barre, Vt. Cu.-hing Country C*ub, Okla. Edgewood Golf C’ub, Conn. Fairfax Country Cub, Va. Fayetteville Coun'ry Club, Ark. Feather River Country Club, Cal. Fremont Golf Club, Ohio Geneva Country Club, N. Y. Harmon Golf Club, Ohio Hubbard Trail Country Club, III. Humboldt Country Club, Iowa IBM Country Club (Sands Point), N. Y. Joliet Country Club, III. La Belle Golf Club, Wis. Laredo Golf Association, Texas Lee Park Golf C'ub, Va. Marshfield Country Club, Mass. McAlester Country Club, Okla. Mt. Graham Golf Club, Ariz. Nevada County Country Club, Cal. Newburg Country Club, N. Y. New Castle Country Club, Pa. Oakcrest Country Club. III. Oak Hills Golf and Country Club, Okla. Ontario Golf Course, Ore. Paris Golf Club, Texas Patty Jewett Golf Course, Colo. Ruth Lake Country C’ub, III. Sakonnet Golf Club, R. I. Sierra View Country Club, Cal. Springdale Golf Club, Mich. Topeka Country Club, Kans. Unionville Country Club, Mo. Valley Country Club, Pa. Valley Country Club of Ledgemont, R. I. Wallingford Country Club, Conn. , Whitinsville Golf Club, Mass. Associate All View Golf Course, Md. Bend of the River Golf Course, N. Y. Northernaire Golf Course, Wis. San Marcos Golf and Country Club, Ariz. Vacation Valley, Pa. had played in 1938 — Bud Ward. In the War decade, Ted Bishop, Dick Chapman, Fred Kammer, Smiley Quick, Skee Rie­ gel, Stranahan and Turnesa achieved Cup status and took over from the veterans. In 1951 Turnesa replaced Ouimet as 18 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Captain. These players were joined in the following two Cup Matches by Billy Campbell, Charley Coe, John Dawson, Bobby Knowles, Bruce McCormick, Har­ old Paddock and Sam Urzetta. When the Match was next held in the United States, in 1949 at the Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N. Y., it was not so close. Laddie Lucas, a left­ handed golfer, provided outstanding leadership as a non-playing captain, but United States skill with the sand wedge and putter could not be overcome. Ron­ nie White, the British lead-off player, won his singles and his foursome, the latter with Joe Carr, but these were only points the British took. The United States won, 10 to 2. This superiority was maintained at Birkdale in 1951, although on English soil the margin of this twelfth United States victory was a less emphatic 6 to 3. As a matter of fact, after 18 holes of first-day foursomes, the British led in three matches and the fourth was even, but Captain Turnesa’s men rallied to win two of the foursomes and halve the other two. The next day they won four and halved one of the eight singles. Paddock saved the half after being 3 down with four to play and 2 down with two to play, finishing 3-4-3-4. White again was the mainstay of the British side, playing thirty-five holes in three under fours to edge Coe in singles after pairing with Can­ to halve his foursome. White had never been defeated in Cup play. Following the Match, Dick Chapman won the British Amateur, defeating Coe in an all-American final. It marked the seventh successive occasion on which a member of a visiting United States Walk­ er Cup Team had won. During this visit, representatives of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club and of the USGA met in London and St. Andrews, with representatives of Australia and Canada, and drafted a uniform code of Rules. Thus the series which had de­ veloped in part from the 1920 confer­ ence on Rules itself spawned another and more successful conference on Rules. Every Match until 1949 had been played under a purely verbal, informal agreement. Early that year, however, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club and the USGA finally wrote a covering agreement which was signed by Commander J. A. S. Carson for the R. and A. and by Isaac B. Grainger for the USGA. It formalized the basic principles under which the Matches had been held, and its terms are; History 1. Arising out of a conversation between Mr. G. H. Walker of the United States and the late Mr. W. Norman Boase of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, a Cup was presented by the former for inter­ national competition to be known as “The United States Golf Association International Challenge Trophy,” popularly described as “The Walker Cup.” Countries Eligible to Compete 2. The Cup shall be played for by teams of amateur golfers selected from Clubs un­ der the jurisdiction of the United States Golf Association on the one side and from England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Eire on the other. Frequency of Play 3. The International Walker Cup Match shall be held every two years in the United States of America and Great Britain alter­ nately. Teams 4. The teams shall consist of not more than ten players and a captain. Form of Play 5. The Match shall consist of four four­ somes on the first day and eight singles on the second day. Custody of Cup 6. The Country winning the Cup shall have custody of it until the next Match is played and shall be responsible for its safe­ ty from the time it is handed over until the time when it is relinquished. Rules of Play 7. The conduct of the International Match shall be governed by the Rules of Golf obtaining in the country in which the Match is being played. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 19 Golf Was Forbidden Here, Too By EDWARD S. KNAPP, JR. USGA Executive Assistant Since “golf” is now a household word and strokes have been played on the lawn of the Executive Mansion in Washington, it seems strange that the earliest written records of the game to reach “Golf House” are decrees forbidding the play­ ing of the game in both Great Britain and the United States. Last month the USGA Journal men­ tioned that the Library in “Golf House” had received from J. C. Earle, of Los Angeles, Cal., a volume published in 1597 and containing the Acts of the Scottish Parliament up to that year. This reveals that, during the reign of James II of Scot­ land, his XIII Parliament issued the fol­ lowing decree in March, 1457: “It is decreeted and ordained, that the weaponschawings be halden be the Lords and Barrones Spiritual and Temporal, foure times in the zeir. And that the fute- bal and golfe be utterly cried downe, and not to be used.” Again, while James III was on the throne of Scotland, his VI Parliament in 1471 decreed: “that the fute-ball and golfe be abused in time cumming, and that the buttes be maid up, and schuting used, after the tenour of the acts of Par- liamente maid thereupon.” The third mention of “golfe” in this volume comes in another parliamentary act of 1491, during the rule of James IV, when a decree stated: “it is statute and ordained that in na place of the Realme there be used fute-ball, golfe or uther sik unprofitable sports, for the common good of the Realme and defense thereof.” It is clear from these three references that golf was catching on to such an ex­ tent that the young men were neglecting their practice of archery for national de­ fense. First Mention in United States It is a curious fact that the earliest document containing a reference to golf in this country which has been brought to our attention is also one which prohibits the game. The translated text, a copy of which hangs in “Golf House”, follows: “The Honorable Commissary and Magistrates of Ft. Orange and the village of Beverwyck, having heard divers com­ plaints from the burghers of this place against the practice of playing golf along the street which causes great damage to the windows of the houses and also ex­ poses people to the danger of being in­ jured and is contrary to the freedom of the public streets; “Therefore, their honors, wishing to prevent the same, hereby forbid all per­ sons to play golf in the streets, under the penalty of forfeiture of Fl. 25 for each person who shall be found doing so. . “Thus done in Ft. Orange, at the meet­ ing of the honorable court of the said place, on the 10th of December, anno 1659.” Fort Orange was in New York State. Contributions to the “Golf House” Fund continue to come slowly, but the Fund is now within $9,000 of the goal. At press time, 5,500 Founders had given $101,072. Those whose names have not previously been listed in the USGA Journal are: Individuals In Memory of Mrs. Don Chandler Fred T. Hogan by Mrs. Louts Lengfeld Willjam Considine Robert J. Foley Robert W. Goldwater Mrs. Donald J. Kline H. Cramer Mahan Edward J. and Rodney E. Joseph N. Prentis Phillips Mr. and Mrs. Morrie Talman William M. Thomas E. Harvie Ward, Jr. Club Indian Creek Country Club, Fla. 20 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 What Southern Hills Did for the Juniors By J. FREDERIC BYERS, JR. Chairman, USGA Junior Championship Committee For many reasons the sixth USGA Junior Amateur Championship will be long remembered by all who took part in it as outstanding in every way. Not the least of these reasons was the people of Tulsa, Okla., where the matches were played over the beautiful course of the Southern Hills Country Club. These people thought of everything to make our splendid group of 128 qualifiers from 36 states and Canada happy. They put Robert M. Siegfried in charge of the Club committee; and Bobby, the Junior Championship Committeeman in Tulsa, justified their faith and affection by doing a magnificent job. They provided excellent golf-course and clubhouse facilities. The course, which measured 6,675 yards, is situated in the rolling, wooded foothills of the Ozarks: and a stream running through nearly every hole adds to its beauty and provides a fine and sometimes difficult water hazard. The quality of play throughout the Championship was high, in keeping with the quality of the surroundings. There were lapses, of course, but there were also flashes of real brilliance. Two holes-in- one were scored on the 165-yard four­ teenth hole, one by Tod Morrow, of Pitts­ burgh, Pa., in a practice round, the other by Terry Thomas, of Canandaigua, N. Y., even as he was losing in the third round. The case of the boy whose ball came to rest too close to a tree to permit a proper backswing for his stroke to the green also comes to mind. Without a moment’s hesi­ tation he faced away from the hole, played a carom against the tree to the green and seemed somewhat annoyed that a piece of bark somewhat deflected the ball from its intended line. Rex Baxter, Jr. 1953 Junior Amateur Champion It is always hard to pick a winner in advance. The boys are so good that any­ thing can happen. Yet Rex Baxter, Jr., 17, a membei of the Amarillo (Texas) Country Club, demonstrated from the start that he was going to be hard to beat in his fourth attempt to win. A tall, strong boy with a sound swing, full of concen­ tration and the will to win. he eventually defeated George Warren, III, 16 and a member of the Hampton County (S.C.) Country Club, .2 and 1, in the final. War­ ren has many of the same qualities wrapped up in a smaller package; and he, too, will be heard from again and often. Baxter is entering the University of Hous­ ton, Texas, and will be over-age next year. Warren is a senior in Hampton High School, and will be eligible to play again at The Los Angeles Country Club next year. USGA Journal and Iurf Management: September, 1953 21 In one semi-final, Warren defeated James H. Lucius, 17, of Northfield, Minn., 3 and 2. Jimmy was penalized two holes for replacing his No. 2 wood with a putter in the course of the round, in violation of Rule 3. The penalty normally is disqualification, but the Committee saw fit to modify the disqualification penalty because of the youth and inexperience of the boy. Jimmy took his penalty with the spirit that makes us so proud of our juniors and which we hope will stay with them through the years. William H. McLean, 17, of Mobile, Ala., who lost to Baxter, 8 and 7, in the other semi-final, is another strong young­ ster from whom more will be heard. Those of us who were privileged to see it will long remember Billy’s quarter-final vic­ tory over Joseph M. Grace, also 17, of Detroit, Mich., at the nineteenth hole. The friendship formed between these two boys during this match was just another of the many intangible wonders of this great Championship. There was another record entry of 713, representing 41 states, the District of Columbia and Canada. Charles P. Ste­ venson’s entry of thirty-nine for the Buf­ falo, N. Y. Sectional Qualifying Round barely beat out Ralph Miller’s thirty­ eight for the Los Angeles, Cal., Round. Frank Emmet had eight members of Ontario’s Simpson Cup Team in his Round at Washington, D. C., and three of them qualified: Jack Lowery, of St. Catherines; Hugh Paterson, of Toronto; and George Shorer, of Aidershot. These Canadians added an international flavor to the Championship, even though all three lost in the first round. Also, there were three 13 year olds, all of whom advanced all the way to the fourth round. Jack Nicklaus, who turned 13 last January and was the youngest, won his first two matches by 6 and 5, his third by 1 up and was even par in the latter. John P. Konsek, of Lancaster, N. Y., and Verner Stanley, of Charlotte, N. C., were the other amazing 13 year olds. Incidentally, Stanley was the young­ est qualifier last year, at the age of 12. Leo H. Jordan, Jr., of Overland, Kan., set a new record in the Sectional Quali­ fying when he played the Santa Fe Hills Country Club course, in Kansas City, Mo., in 60, the lowest score ever recorded in a USGA stroke-play competition. The record is, perhaps, more technical than real, however, for the Santa Fe Hills course has a par of 58. The boys were comfortably housed in the dormitories of the University of Tulsa. James P. Dunn, Siegfried’s right­ hand man, handled these arrangements along with many others and proved him­ self the nearest thing to the indispensable man. Mrs. James Morris, of the Univer­ sity staff, who mothered the boys, stole everyone’s heart. After two days of practice, Jimmy Thomson conducted an instructive and entertaining shot-making clinic and the boys and committeemen were en­ tertained by the USGA at a buffet dinner at the Club. Charles R. Coe, 1949 Ama­ teur Champion and three-time Walker Cup Team member, was the principal speaker at the dinner and left just the right message with the boys: “The loser is the only one who learns anything in a golf match so don’t be afraid to lose.” All but two of the 128 boys who quali­ fied and said they would play were on hand. The problem of obtaining alter­ nates was not difficult this time. Lee S. Read, of Louisville. Ky., did his usual splendid job of starting the boys from the first tee with well-chosen words calcu­ lated to put them at their ease and at the same time give them last minute in­ formation of importance. For those boys who were beaten in the first round, there was a stroke-play con­ solation event and a luncheon at the Tulsa Country Club, another fine course. We cannot close without recording herewith our thanks to the eleven unself­ ish Committeemen who came with their boys; to the people of Tulsa for their hos­ pitality and cooperation; to Richard S. Tufts, first Chairman of the Junior Cham­ pionship Committee, for his inspiration and to the boys for justifying our pride in them. 22 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Example of symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. “R & A” indicates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. "53-1” means the first decision issued in 1953. “R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1953 Rules of Golf. Dropped Ball Strikes Player, Caddie, Clubs or Opponent USGA 53-14 R. 22-la, b Q 1; The player drops a ball as pro­ vided in Rule 22-la. The ball comes to rest against the heel of a shoe of the player. Thus far there is no penalty, as Rule 22-la provides in part: “If the ball touch the player, there is no penalty.” However, when the player steps away in a normal manner, the ball, which had been resting against his shoe, moves. Is the player subject to penalty under Rule 27-lc for ac­ cidentally causing the ball to move? A 1: No. Q 2: If the player is not penalized under Rule 27-lc for accidentally causing the ball to move, I wonder whether the player’s shoe is deemed to be an obstruction and whether the player therefore must drop the ball again under Rule 31-1. A 2: Rule 22-lb provides that a ball is in play when dropped and shall not be re­ dropped except in specific cases, of which the present case is not one. Q 3: What Rules apply when a dropped ball rolls and strikes the following (but does not roll into a hazard or out of bounds or nearer the hole): (a) The player’s caddie. (b) The player’s bag of clubs, which is lying on the ground. (c) The opponent. A 3: There is no penalty in any case. Under Rule 22-la, if the ball touch the player,’ there is no penalty, and the same principle applies to all players, caddies and equipment concerned. Rule 26 does not apply because the ball was not in motion in the sense intended by the Rule. If it were otherwise, the player would be penalized under Rule 26-2a if the ball when dropped were to touch him. but Rule 22-la specifically supersedes 26-2a. Rule 27 does not apply because the ball was not at rest. Second Stroke Enters Water From Side Nearest Green USGA 53-16 R. 33-2, LR Q: A drove over a water hazard and over the green. He then played his second shot, which skidded back across the green and into the water hazard, which is about 30 yards wide, in front of the green. Please advise where A plays his next shot. Question by: James D. Fogertey Sunset Country Club Sappington, Mo. A: The player has two alternatives under Rule 33-2. (1) He may drop a ball under penalty of one stroke behind the water hazard, keep­ ing the spot at which the ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard between himself and the hole. This would require him to go to the side of the water hazaid USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 23 nearest to the tee and attempt to cross it again with his fourth stroke. (2) He may drop a ball under penalty of one stroke as near as possible to the spot from which he played his second stroke. His next stroke, in this case too, would be his fourth. If the water hazard in front of the green were so large that it would be contrary to the interests of fair and expeditious play to require a player to attempt to cross a second time, you might establish a ball­ drop area on the side of the water hazard nearest the green but not nearer the hole, and adopt a local rule which would per­ mit a player to play from that area if his ball had crossed the water hazard on his first stroke and entered it from the side nearest the green on a subsequent stroke. However, such a local rule would not seem appropriate where the water hazard is only thirty yards wide. Relief Under Obstruction Rule Cannot Be Denied USGA 53-17 D. 20, R. 31-2, LR Q: Our practice putting green is very close to our ninth green, to be exact 14 feet 6 inches. There is a metal-pipe railing between the practice green and the ninth green, and a sidewalk next to the practice green. A player’s ball stopped against the side­ walk, exactly 30 inches in front of the pipe railing, which did not permit the player to take a backswing. The ball was in the rough. I ruled the player could drop away from the sidewalk under Rule 31-2. This de­ cision has been questioned. Will you please give me your decision? Question by: E. E. Forrester Hobbs Country Club Hobbs, N. M. A: The metal pipe railing is an obstruc­ tion (Definition 20), and a player is en­ titled to relief from it within the limits set forth in Rule 31-2. The sidewalk is an artificially construc­ ted path and therefore not an obstruction (Definition 20), and the Rules of Golf provide no relief from it. In the case you describe, it would appear that the player was entitled to relief from the railing under Rule 31-2. That relief could not be denied to him even though his ball had come to rest against the side­ walk. If the sidewalk is raised above ground level in such a way as to create the likeli­ hood of unfair lies, it would be within the province of the local committee to adopt a local rule providing relief from the edge of the sidewalk within the limits set forth in Rule 31-2 when the ball lay on grass. A ball lying on the sidewalk should of course be played as it lies. Pressing Down Irregularities Permitted When Teeing Ball USGA 53-18 R. 17-1, 3 QI: In regard to playing the course as we find it, there is some controversy at my club as to whether or not a player is allowed to press down the ground with his foot around the ball on the teeing ground. An article in the USGA Journal states that “it makes no difference at all whether the ball is in play or out of play” in the interpretation of Rule 17-3. My opponents in this argument state that this is permitted under Rule 17-1: “Except in teeing the ball . . .”. Your clar­ ification would be appreciated. Al: Under the specific exception in Rule 17-1, the player when teeing a ball may re­ move or press down irregularities of surf­ ace which could affect his lie. Taking Stance Fairly Q2: Is the following a violation of the Rules? A right-handed player finds his ball under a low-hanging limb which does not in any way interfere with his normal stance, yet the ball is almost obstructed from his view when taking this stance and it would be difficult to get the club under the low limb for a swing at the ball. Is the player permitted to crawl under this limb, in the course of taking a left-handed stance, and to raise it up - on his shoulders, and to make an unobstructed left-handed stroke at the ball? A2: No ; see Rule 17-3. This would not be “fairly taking his stance”. The Rules of Golf Committee has previously stated: “The basic object of the Rule is to pro­ hibit improving the position of the ball. “In the course of taking a reasonable stance, for example, the player might bend growing objects, such as tall grass, and as a consequence the line of play might be affected. The Rule excuses this provided it occurs as an incident in the course of tak­ ing the stance. “The player is entitled to take his stance fairly. The word ‘fairly’ should be read in 24 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 a normal sense. To put it in other words, the player may take a stance which is as reasonable as could be expected in the light of the ball’s situation. This is no guar­ antee that he is to have a perfect stance; if that were so, the Rules might permit players to carry axes and sickles and to cut down bushes, grass and trees which happened to interfere with a perfect stance. “In short, the quality of the stance is bound to be affected by the general situa­ tion. He may not bend and twist it to suit his convenience. “Therefore, the term ‘fairly taking his stance’ is a relative term, not an absolute one. Tl.e player is always limited by the main object of the Rule, which is to avoid improving the position of the ball except as may be done incidentally.” Questions by: Lewie R. Crisman Selma Country Club Selma, Ala. Knocking Opponent's Ball in Hole in Conceding Putt USGA 53-21 R. 26-2b, 27-2a, 35-2d Q: A is three feet from the cup in 3. B putts to within six inches of the cup in 3. A concedes B’s putt, and in attempting to knock it back to B, he knocks it in the cup* B • claims the hole, on the premise that he had hit his ball only three times. What is your decision? Question by: Bob Kepler Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio A: In match play, since the elimination of the so-called stymie rule, there is nothing in the Rules of Golf which would prevent a player from verbally conceding an oppon­ ent’s stroke at any time. Rule 35-2d well establishes the principle that a player by knocking his opponent’s ball away after it has come to rest thereby concedes that the opponent has holed out with the next stroke. It should not therefore be considered a vio­ lation of the Rules for a player to concede an opponent’s stroke by the act of knock­ ing his ball away, and the opponent should not be considered to have holed on his last stroke if the ball should fall into the hole in this process. However, a player knocking away an op­ ponent’s ball would be subject to a penalty of loss of the hole under Rule 26-2b if it were not certain that the opponent’s ball had come to rest. In any case the player could not subsequently require the oppon­ ent to replace his ball without being sub­ ject to a one-stroke penalty under Rule 27-2a. Provisional Ball Covers All Contingencies R & A 53-17 R. 30-la, 3; 33 Q: A player from the tee drives a ball which may be out of bounds, lost, unplay­ able or in a water hazard or lateral water hazard. In order to save time, he declares on the tee that he plays a provisional ball only to cover the cases “lost”, “out of bounds”, or “unplayable”; this provisional ball comes to rest near the hole for a certain 4. Searching the original ball, it is found in a water hazard or lateral. Does the player have the faculty of de­ claring his original ball unplayable and holing out with the provisional? Note that the provisional ball was not played for the case of the ball being in a “water hazard” or “lateral”. We suppose the correct answer is the fol­ lowing : The player cannot declare his first ball “unplayable”, as the water hazard is a special case provided for in the Rules; so his provisional ball is of no use, as the original ball was not found in any of the situations for which the provisional ball was played. Thus, the player may take either of the decisions referred in Rule 33-2. Rule 30-3 is not to apply, as the pro­ visional ball was not played to cover the particular case of the original ball being in a water hazard. Question by: Clube de Golf do Estoril Estoril, Portugal A: The provisional ball was, in fact, played against the contingency of it landing in a water hazard. The player is not obliged to state the reason for which he plays a provisional ball (Rule 30-la). Under the circumstances, the player may either play the original ball as it lies or continue the provisional ball in play. He may not drop a ball to obtain relief as in Rule 33 (Rule 30-3). USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 25 ' X' • , xVr Better Turf for Better Golf TURF MANAGEMENT from the USGA Green Section Correspondence pe’taining to turf management matters should be addressed to: USGA Green Section. Room 206, South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md Western Office: Box 241, Davis, Cal.; Southwestern Office: Texas A. and M. College, Col.ege Station, Texas CHEMICAL CRABGRASS CONTROLS IN 1952 Coordinated by W. H. DANIEL Turf Specialist, Purdue University Constantly the technology for the im­ provement of turf advances as industry and experiment stations join in testing many materials offered for weedy grass control. This report is a summary of co­ operative efforts in testing materials and procedures available for the chemical control of smooth crabgrass {Digitaria ischaemum) and hairy crabgrass {Digi­ taria sanginalis). A published article, “National Coor­ dinated Crabgrass Trials, ” by A. M. Rad- ko and F. V. Grau in the Golf Course Reporter, 1952 Conference Issue, gave the results of the 1951 studies. In those studies definite conditions of rates, num­ bers of applications and frequencies were specified. In some experiments the early germinating crabgrass was controlled, only to have reinfestations which became equally undesirable. In their conclusions the authors pointed out that there was a best time and a best set of conditions for each of the herbicides tested. In I9S2 reports were received from these cooperators: Chappell, W. E., Vir­ ginia Polytechnic Institute, Blackburg, Va.; Cornman, J. F., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Davis, R. R., Department of Agronomy, Ohio Agricultural Experi­ ment Station, Wooster. Ohio; Finnerty, D. W.. Department of Agronomy, Univer­ sity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.; Lee, 0. C., Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.; Musser, H. B., and Gallagher, J. E., Department of Agronomy, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa.; Quin­ lan. L. R., Department of Horticulture, Kansas State College. Manhattan. Kans., and Robinson, B. P., Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. Since crabgrass germinates after the nights become warm in late spring, pre- emergence treatments at that time to inhibit germination in turf areas were in­ vestigated. Mr. Davis, in Ohio, began treatments (shown in Table I) on May 15. However, the most crabgrass germin­ ated after a rain on July 3, and only in some replications was the dichloral urea treatment better than no treatment. 26 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 Effect of pre-emergence sprays on subsequent crabgrass infestations in bluegrass turf. Average of 4 reps, by R. R. Davis, Ohio, 1952. TABLE I Material Rate No Treatment Dichloral Urea PMA Chlordane Emulsion ------------------------------------- _ 5 lbs./A 5 pts./A 10 Ibs./A 3 3 1 Area, Sept. 29 28 16 22 23 Number of Percent Crabgrass in Applications Also pre-emergence treatments by Messrs. Lee and Daniel, of Purdue, using Dini- tros, Chloro-IPC and an emulsion formu­ lation of Chlordane, showed no reduction in seedling crabgrass plant counts. (How­ ever, this phase of crabgrass control is recommended for further study.) To date the most common type of chemical crabgrass control has been the repeated use of selective sprays. Treat­ ments started after the crabgrass had germinated well (three-leaf stage) but be­ fore it had developed competition for the bluegrass would be called early-summer control. Under those conditions, tests in­ dicated that one should use the rates re­ commended on the container, or lighter, and treat weekly until every crabgrass plant is dead; otherwise new growth from surviving plants will be as obvious as be­ fore. Tables II, III and IV show the relative cost of materials for midsummer treat­ ments and the amount of crabgrass com­ pared to non-treated areas. Data submit­ ted by Mr. Davis (Table II) show that his August herbicidal spraying for crab­ grass control was more effective than the July spraying. However, rainfall and fav­ orable weather for bluegrass growth were of greater importance than the difference in the type of spraying, according to Mr. Davis. Results and cost of crabgrass control per 1,000 sq. ft. for three treatments 12 days apart. R. R. Davis, Ohio, 1952. TABLE II Material PMA, 10% PMA. 0.74% KOCN. 91% NaAsO3, 91% No Treatment per 1,000 sq. ft. Total Used Cost* Crabgrass in Area, September 29 First spray July 17 First spray Aug. 12 3 fl. oz. 9.6 lbs. 8 oz. 1 oz. —.-.. .65 3.11 .85 .02 ....... 9 2 4 36 0 4 0 0 47 * Average of 4 distributors’ prices in 1952. In Table III data are given on larger plots where a very heavy crabgrass popu­ lation w as treated until it was killed. Not three, but five, applications were re­ quired, which ma he cost per 1,000 square feet more than that shown in Table II. However, on September 15 blue­ grass recovery was 85 per cent or more of the turf on treated areas and only 30 per cent on the untreated areas. All plots were watered and fertilized adequately. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 27 Percent of crabgrass in bluegrass turf* on August 19, 1952. Treated July 16, 21, 25, and Aug. 1, 5. W. H. Daniel, O. C. Lee, Purdue. TABLE III Material PMA, 10% PMA, 0.74% KOCN, 91% No Treatment August 19 Per 1,000 sq. ft. Total Used Cost** Crabgrass Bluegrass Crabgrass Bluegrass September 15 Per cent of Area .7 pt. 13 lbs. 1 lb. ..... 1.30 4.29 1.70 .— 1 6 1 91 83 79 57 6 1 2 1 61 91 85 86 30 * Very heavy early crabgrass growth. ** Average of 4 distributors’ prices in 1952. Data from Messrs. Finnerty, Chappell and Quinlan show close agreement with Tables II and III. Only when the interval between treatments was greater than ten days or the treatments less than three days have the chemicals listed failed to show positive results as spray applications. TABLE IV The number of crabgrass plants per sq. fi. on July 15 following treatments on June 23 and July 1 and 8 on watered bluegrass turf. L. R. Quinlan, Kansas. Material PMA, 10% KOCN, spray KOCN & MCP Chlordane in Oil No Treatment No. of Crabgrass Plants per Sq. Ft. 6 2 2 2 30 Much of the homeowner demand for crabgrass killers comes only after the plants have produced seed and are grow­ ing profusely. Then the need is to burn back the crabgrass and uncover the blue­ grass so that it may have a chance for fall recovery. Five stations reported tests us­ ing Milcyanate (a 3 per cent potassium cyanate dust mixed with 97 per cent Milorganite fines). Table V shows from 20 to 100 per cent of the existing crab­ grass killed by two applications made when the turf was damp. Further, very little leaftip burn on bluegrass has been observed. Since late season (after Labor Day) crabgrass competition may be re­ duced greatly without killing the entire plant, a complete kill on seedlings in fall treatment is not nearly so important as in early summer treatments. TABLE V Per cent of existing crabgrass killed by 3 per cent mixture of KOCN in activated sludge as fall applications. Station Purdue Kansas Georgia 44 44 46 Cornell 44 Pa. State « <• cc u Lbs. of Mixture per 1,000 sq. ft. Number of Applications and Days Interval Percent Crabgrass Reduction 15 10 10 10 15 10 10 15 10 15 July 10 “ 15 August 2 — 7 3 — 7 2 — 7 2 — 2 2 — 7 2 — 2 3 — 10 3 — 10 3 — 10 3 — 14 3 — 7 3 — 10 100 70 20 43 30 83 82 78 43 92 66 80 28 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 In summary: Selective killing of crabgrass, as shown in 1951 tests, was most efficient when chemicals were applied in liquid form as sprays. Rates heavier than recommended caused excessive injury to desired turf grasses. Retreatment planned for from five to seven day intervals to prevent the weak­ ened crabgrass from recovering gave best and quickest control. As each chemical usually acts within three days after having been sprayed, early summer applications require treat­ ments on schedule until all crabgrass plants are dead. KOCN appeared more adapted to use on bluegrass than on fescue or bentgrass, as less leaf burn of bluegrass was exper­ ienced. Sodium arsenite was by far the cheap­ est compound tested. However, the greater turf bum and necessary safety precaution tend to limit its use to special areas (such as fairways). The 3 per cent KOCN dust proved to be excellent for use by home owners for fall renovation and fertilization. The use of pre-emergence applications toward a preventive program needs fur­ ther investigation. GROUND PEARL DAMAGING SOUTHERN TURF GRASSES By B. P. ROBINSON and L. W. MORGAN Turf Specialist and Assistant Entomologist, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. Lawn owners in the Southeast during the last two years have been puzzled over the loss of turf grasses. Irregular areas of turf often showed signs of wilting, becom­ ing thin, turning brown and eventually dying. Visual observations by most home owners and other turf producers did not reveal the cause. The casual organism was discovered to be a soil-inhabiting in­ sect called ground pearl, which has a peculiar feeding stage. Even though one species (Margarodes meridionalis Morr.), presumably native to the United States, was described more than twenty years ago, extensive damage was not observed until the Southeast ex­ perienced two of its most severe droughts in 1951 and 1952. As the insects appear to disturb the water relations of grasses, damage was very noticeable during tin last two seasons. This was true especially in infested turf areas which were not irri­ gated or fertilized well. Ground pearls belong to a group of in­ sects known as coccids. This group con­ tains some of the most destructive plant insects known. During the last two years ground pearls belonging to two genera (Margarodes and Eumargarodes} have been reported as damaging turf grasses in the coastal area of the Southeast. Distri­ bution of ground pearls, however, is not confined to the southeastern United States. They are found in areas throughout the temperate zone. Although grasses are the only types of plants known to have been damaged, reports from the United States and other countries suggest that the insect has po­ tentialities beyond that of injury to lawns or other turfed areas. It may become a serious pest on other grass crops in the temperate zone. Differing from the life cycle of grubs, army wrorms and so forth in which the destructive stage is easy to control, the life cycle of the ground pearl includes a specialized, protected pre-adult feeding stage. In that stage the insect loses all means of mobility and becomes enclosed in a lustrous shell or cyst, commonly called ground pearl. A single hair-like Cooperative investigation at Tifton, Georgia, of and a number of southern golf associations. the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 29 mouth part, sometimes an inch long after extrusion, extends from the ground pearl to a grass root. The insect, after hatching from an egg and while in a crawling stage, attaches itself to the root and forms the ground pearl. While in this stage, the insect appears to be protected from changes in environment and most of the common insecticides. One species which belongs to this group of insects has been reported to have lived in a dry room without food for seventeen years. The ground-pearl stage may be ob­ served in areas where the insect occurs. The size of the pearls varies from that of a match head down to one which can be seen barely with the eyes. Their color is usually yellowish-white, with a pearly luster. If soil to a depth of six inches is removed with a clump of turf, and an ex­ amination is made, the largest ground pearls are found by crumbling the soil between the fingers. Ground pearls can be seen more easily, however, if the soil is allowed to dry and then is spread thinly over a flat surface. A survey of infested areas at Tifton, Ga., revealed that as many as one and one-half million pearls may exist in an area of 1,000 square feet and to a soil depth of one foot. Preliminary tests of most of the com- Sept. 23: COMING EVENTS Sept. 8-9: Turf Field Day, Pennsyl­ vania State College, State College, Pa., H. B. Musser. (Starts at noon September 8 and ends at noon Sep­ tember 9.) Turf Field Day, New York- Connecticut Turf Improve­ ment Association, Ryewood Country Club, Rye, N. Y. Ted Joswick. Oct. 21-22: Fourth . annual Central Plains . Turf. Foundation Turf Conference, Manhat­ tan, Kan. William F. Pick­ ett. Nov. 16-20: American Society of Ag­ ronomy Meetings, Dallas Texas. L. G. Monthey. mon insecticides have not been success­ ful in controlling the insect. Work is con­ tinuing, however, with the hope of find­ ing a material or a method of control. If possible, individuals purchasing turf grasses for vegetative planting should be certain that the original source of ma­ terial is free of ground pearls. At Tifton, Georgia, the insect has damaged turf brasses of bennuda, carpet, centipede and St. Augustine. Injury to infested areas may be decreased if ample water and fertilizer are applied throughout the growing season. SCALE ATTACKS BERMUDAGRASS PUTTING GREENS By MARVIN H. FERGUSON Southwestern Regional Director and National Research Coordinator, LSGA Green Section Bermudagrass putting greens in South Texas have suffered severely from infes­ tations of scale insects during the sum­ mer months in recent years. Rhodesgrass scale, Antonina graminis (Mask.) and Ruth’s scale Odonapis ruthae Kot. are the • insects responsible for the damage. An accompanying article by B. P. Rob­ inson and L. W. Morgan, of Tifton, Ga., describes turf injury by ground pearl. While ground pearls and the insects de­ scribed above belong to the same family (Coccidae), they belong to different genera. Rhodesgrass and Ruth’s scale appear to attach themselves securely to the nodes of the grass and are usually de­ tected by pulling back the leaf sheath with the blade of a pocket knife. Adults of these insects have small dark bodies which are covered by a soft, white, cottony scale. They attach themselves to the nodes of the Bermudagrass rhizomes and stolons and suck sap from the plant. Growth of .the grass is retarded. As in­ jury progresses,, the turf becomes thin­ ner and many dead, discolored leaves ap­ pear. In some cases turf actually may be killed. Sometimes relatively small spots 30 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 of injured grass appear on a putting green while in other cases the entire put­ ting green may be affected. The general vigor of the putting-green turf appears to have a decided effect upon the extent of the injury caused by the scale insects. Heavily fertilized bermuda­ grass has been observed to escape seri­ ous injury even though the turf was very heavily infested. In most cases where in­ jury is very extensive, the turf has been observed to be suffering from a lack of fertility. B. H. Richardson and Paul Riherd, en­ tomologists for the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, working indepen­ dently, have reported that Parathion is a good insecticide for controlling these insects. Many other insecticides were used in their experiments, but neither man reported successful control with any ma­ terial other than Parathion. The effec­ tive rate appeared to be 2 pounds of Par­ athion per acre in 360 gallons of water. A wetting agent was employed and grass was irrigated by a sprinkler system im­ mediately after the application of the in­ secticide. Bermudagrass under attack by Rhodes- grass Scale. Rhodesgrass scale has been found on 14 species of grass in 63 Texas counties. It was first discovered on Rhodesgrass near Kingsville in 1942. Hence [be name Rhodesgrass scale. In the eleven y°ars since its discovery it has been reported over a rather extensive area. In 1953, in­ fested turf was found as far north as Dallas. This insect is one of the most serious pests affecting bermudagrass turf. It warrants intensive study and vig­ ilance in preventing its spread to areas which have not yet been invaded. BE SURE YOUR NEW SEEDING PRODUCES TURF By MARVIN H. FERGUSON Southwestern Regional Director and National Research Coordinator, USGA Green Section “Seek to know why; then how and what will reveal themselves.” September is the month when golf- course superintendents over much of the country are planting seeds. They may be establishing new turf, or they may be renovating old stands. Many of the seed­ ings will accomplish their purpose, but many will fail. Why do so many seedings fail? There are numerous reasons. A con­ sideration of the needs of the germinating seed and of the very young seedling will provide an insight into the reasons un­ derlying success or failure. Good seed is important. A sufficient quantity of seed for a good turf cover is required. This topic was ably discussed by A. M. Radko in the July issue of the USGA Journal. A healthy, live seed requires several conditions for germination. It requires air (oxygen). Wet, poorly drained soils into which seeds are sometimes planted may exclude air and seeds may fail to germinate under these conditions. While very wet soils are detrimental to seed germination, because they contain insufficient air, the seed does require a plentiful supply of moisture for germi­ nation. Water is taken into the seed, causing the seed to swell. The swelling endosperm breaks open the seedcoat, and the young plant comes into contact with the soil and begins to form roots. Water intake into the germinating seed is also accomplished by enzyme activity which USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 31 permits the stored food products within the seed to be used in getting the seedling off to a vigorous start. A favorable temperature is also nec­ essary for germination. Cold soils do not provide proper conditions. Many chemi­ cal reactions take place within a germi­ nating seed, and the speed of a chemical reaction is affected greatly by tempera­ ture. Thus, a very late fall seeding is sus­ ceptible to slow germination and slow growth because the seed’s chemical re­ actions are being slowed down. When the grass seed has germinated and the very young seedling has begun growth, it is still subject to many haz­ ards. Drying out, freezing, heaving and wind may cause injury. Insects and dis­ eases may kill off young grass plants. Weed competition may be a problem. Erosion uproots some seedlings and de­ posits soil on others. Fortunately, many of the accidents which may befall a new seeding can be prevented. The wise superintendent will foresee the dangers and will forestall them. Good seedbed preparation comes first. Whether seeds are to be planted in new ground or into established turf, they need enough loose soil to cover them lightly. A light covering of soil keeps them from drying out. It gives the tiny, newly formed roots something in which to take hold. In new ground, many methods are available for loosening soil. In established turf, providing loose soil is a greater prob- TURF MANAGEMENT The book "Turf Management," sponsored by the United States Golf Association and edited by Prof. H. B. Musser, is a com­ plete and authoritative gjiide in the prac­ tical development of golf-course turfs. This 354-page volume is available through USGA, 40 East 38ih Street, New York 16, N. Y.; the USGA Green Section, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.; the USGA Green Section Weslern Office, Box 241, Davis, Cal.; the USGA Green Section Southwestern Office, Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas, or the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. The cost is $7. lem. Turf cultivating equipment is useful for accomplishing this purpose. Small pockets are formed which hold moisture and provide protection for seeds and young seedlings. The cores of soil brought to the surface may be broken up to pro­ vide sufficient coverage for those seeds which do not drop into the protective pockets. In many cases weeds which exist on an area to be seeded are killed out by the operation involved in the preparation of a seedbed. Sometimes chemical methods must also be brought into use. Whatever the case may be, existing weeds should be eliminated so that they do not com­ pete with the young seedlings for light, moisture, and plant food. Insects and diseases sometimes damage young stands of turf. In warm, humid weather “damping-off” fungi are likely to be active. Sometimes dollar-spot causes considerable damage. Tersan is quite ef­ fective against some of the “damping-off” organisms, and cadmium fungicides may be used to control dollarspot. Insects are not so likely to damage young turf, but sometimes such pests as army worms and sod webworms may cause trouble. Chlor­ dane is a good insecticide for most pur­ poses. Relatively few turf-damaging in­ sects escape its effects. Drying out, freezing and heaving are caused by weather conditions. While man can do little about the weather, he can do much to counteract the effects of unfavor­ able weather. Mulching is a simple op­ eration that can be the difference between success and failure. When seeds are sown in a thin established turf, the sparse veg­ etation acts as a living mulch. The move­ ment of wind near the soil level is re­ tarded, soil particles are not moved by the wind and evaporation of moisture from the soil is rapid. The vegetation shades the soil and keeps it cooler dur­ ing the day; it acts as an insulating blan­ ket and serves to keep the soil warmer during the night. Thus seeds and seedlings are protected against rapid drying and against rapid changes in temperature. On newly prepared areas a dead mulch can be made to perform the same function that living vegetation performs on spar­ 32 USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1955 sely covered areas of established turf. A straw or leaf mulch, applied at the rate of approximately one ton of material per acre, will provide excellent insurance for the establishment of a new seeding. Mulching is a must on sloping areas. Only under the most fortunate weather condi­ tions can turf from new seedings be es­ tablished on slopes before heavy rains cause the formation of rivulets or gullies. Grass seed is expensive, but good establishment methods are relatively cheap. When dangers to germinating seeds and young seedlings are anticipated, ways can be found to escape them. Em­ ployment of measures to escape the dan­ gers is much cheaper than failure. When one knows why his seeds germinate or fail and why they do or do not become established to provide a good stand of grass, he will know what to do and how to do it. PREPARING YOUR GREENS FOR WINTER PLAY By JIM HAMNER Superintendent, Memphis Country Club, Memphis, Tenn. Rye grass planted on bermuda greens offers an excellent putting surface during the dormant season of bermuda. By care­ ful attention to the following factors, lit­ tle difficulty should be had in developing good winter grass. Soil tests for reaction should be near the neutral point. About two weeks be­ fore planting time, 15 to 20 pounds of 20 per cent superphosphate per 1,000 square feet should be applied to the greens to encourage root growth of the young seed­ lings. It is also advisable to put on 5 to 10 pounds of muriate of potash, provided grass clippings have been removed reg-s ularly during the bermuda season. At this time nitrogen should be low in the greens, and the bermuda, by its color, growth and so forth, should show definite need of nitrogen. Rye grass is strictly a cool weather grass. It should not be planted until weather conditions are favorable. Around October 10, under normal conditions, is about the right time to begin seeding in this locality. Fungicides to control dis­ eases in the rye should be put on just prior to seeding and should be used thereafter as needed. Rye grass is espe­ cially susceptible to dollar spot; Cadmin- ate can be used safely and effectively both as a preventative and as a cure for dollar spot. The bermuda should be cut the height of % inch at the seeding time. Severe raking destroys the base for the rye and breaks down the manufacturing plant of the bermuda, which is certain to cause trouble later in the transition period. For best results use 50 pounds of rye seed per 1,000 square feet in two plant­ ings about two weeks apart. The seed should be thoroughly worked into the ber­ muda turf before top dressing with a mix­ ture of course sand and soil. The top dressing should be low in nitrogen and humus; too much nitrogen and humus en­ courage “damping-off.” Careful use of water is very essential. The soil must be kept moist but not sat­ urated with water. It is best to water lightly two or three times a day if neces­ sary until the young seedlings are well rooted. Mowing is also very important during the early gowth of the rye. The mowers should be kept very sharp in order to make a clean cut. Dull mowers loosen or pull out many of the young plants. Rye, cut regularly at a height of ^4 to 5/16 of an inch, will keep the bermuda under control until the bermuda ceases to grow. Nitrogen in an organic form, such as Milorganite, should be applied at the rate of 25 pounds per thousand square feet when the rye has been up for about three weeks. This is an ideal source of nitiogen fur it will not burn or discolor the young rye, The rate of growth and the color of the turf determine the need for additional nitrogen. Reprinted from the September, 1952, issue of the Southern Greenkeeper. USGA Journal and Turf Management: September, 1953 33 IT’S YOUR HONOR How You Can Help To the USGA: If we who know Rules would take a little time to explain to the beginner that he is his own referee, that there are Rules and penalties, I’m sure we would be doing much for golf. A. R. Emery Salt Lake City, Utah How Journal Is Used To the USGA: Please renew my subscription for your USGA Journal. Your publication is to be commended for very informative and instructive golfing news. The in­ formation I get from the USGA Journal furnishes me with wonderful material for my talks and letters to our membership of about 700 public links players in metropolitan Detroit. Tex Ellison Birmingham, Mich. From Ben Hogan To the USGA: I have been trying to find the right words and expressions to express my gratitude and appreciation to you, the members of the United States Golf As­ sociation, but am afraid that in my feeble attempt, I can only say that with all my heart I thank you. It makes me feel very humble to know of all the work and effort that was given by so many people in order to give me all the honors that were be­ stowed on me in New York. As I have said before, too much credit cannot be given to you and your organization for all the good that you do. So, when all of you give of yourselves to give happi­ ness even to one individual, it only proves my point even more. Some day, in some.way, I hope that I shall be able to repay my debt to the United States Golf Association, to golf and to the people who make up our wonderful game. The dinner was wonderful, and I am sure that you, too, have heard all the praise and compliments on the way that it was conducted. Again, thank you for all your kind­ ness and generosity and with all good wishes and fondest regards, I am Ben Hogan Fort Worth, Texas Rex Baxter's Story To the USGA: I am very proud of Rex Baxter’s winning the USGA Junior Amateur Championship. It is a reward for work­ ing with the juniors. At the last min­ ute I was allowed to send an alternate to the Junior at Denver, in 1950. Rex was a little boy then and first alternate. Because he lived in Amarillo we were able to get him to Denver overnight, and he played his first tournament there early the next morning. He has, as I remember it, entered the qualify­ ing for the Junior four times and played in three tournaments. Surely he must be thrilled over his Championship. Fred T. Hogan Junior Championship Committee Midland, Texas Wilson's Work To the USGA: Charles Wilson of the USGA Green Section Western Office was here, and we want you to know how much we ap­ preciated his visit and the information he gave us. This is the type of service that small clubs like ours need so bad­ ly. It will certainly make the manage­ ment of our course simple, as we found we were doing a lot of unnecessary work and spending money without get­ ting the results we were striving for. C. W. Wuest Skagit Golf Club Mt. Vernon, Wash. Editor's Note: The USGA Journal invites comments on matters relating to the welfare of the game and will publish them as space permits. USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PRESIDENT Totton P. Heffelfinger, Minneapolis, Minn. VICE-PRESIDENTS Isaac B. Grainger, New York, N. Y. Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. SECRETARY John D. Ames, Chicago, III. TREASURER Charles L Peirson, Boston, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. William P. Castleman, Jr., Dallas, Texas John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. Frederick L Dold, Wichita, Kansas John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. Lewis A. Lapham, New York, N. Y. Edward E. Lowery, San Francisco, Cal. Corydon Wagner, Tacoma, Wash. GENERAL COUNSEL Fraser M. Horn, New York, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: Isaac B. Grainger, New York, N. Y. CHAMPIONSHIP: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. MEMBERSHIP: Lewis A. Lapham, New York, N. Y. GREEN SECTION: Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Harrison F. Flippin, Ardmore, Pa. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. PUBLIC LINKS: Frederick L. Dold, Wichita, Kansas HANDICAP: William O. Blaney, Boston, Mass. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. William R., Millar, Los Angeles, Cal. MUSEUM: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. PUBLIC RELATIONS: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. "GOLF. HOUSE" FUND: Daniel A. Freeman, Jr., New York, N. Y. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House" 40 East 38th Street New York 16, N. Y. Joseph C. Dey, Jr., Executive Director John P. English, Assistant Executive Director USGA GREEN SECTION South Building, Plant industry Station, Beltsville, Md. Alexander M. Radko, Acting Eastern, Director USGA GREEN SECTION WESTERN OFFICE Box 241, Davis, Cal. Charles G. Wilson, Western Director USGA GREEN SECTION SOUTHWESTERN OFFICE Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Southwestern Director and National Research Coordinator