USGA JOURNAL TURF MANAGEMENT AND CLIMAX OF A COMEBACK Courtesy of Boston Herald Mrs. George Zaharias accepts the Cup emblematic of the USGA Women's Open Championship to climax her victorious fight against cancer. Isaac B. Grainger, President of the USGA, and Mrs. Harrison F. Flippin, Chairman of the USGA Women's Committee, are sharing the dais with Mrs. Zaharias at the Salem Country Club, Peabody, Mass. ISGA AND TURF MANAGEMENT Published by the United States Golf Association Permission to reprint articles herein is freely granted (unless specifically noted otherwise') provided credit is given to the VSGA Journal VOL. VII No. 4 August, 1954 Through the Green .......... 1 All Match Play or Qualifying at the Amateur Championship? For Qualifying ............................................................................ William O. Blaney 4 For All Match Play .......................................................................... John D. Ames 5 The Comeback of Mrs. Zaharias Joseph C. Dey, Jr. 8 How to Behave Though a Golfer ....................................................................................... 10 The Curtis Cup Teams .............................................................................. John P. English 11 Even the Heat Couldn’t Stop Southern California ...................Frederick L. Dold 16 The Junior Amateur Championship to Date 18 The Referee: Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees ........................................... 22 Turf Management: USGA Green Section The Superintendent, the Chairman and the Locker Room J. Porter Henry 25 The Turf grass Research Program at Texas A. & M. Marvin H. Ferguson 21 Keep Your Collars Neat ............... 30 New Grasses from Pennsylvania ............................................................................... 31 Coming Events ................................................................................................................ 32 Subscribers to Green Section Research and Education Fund ........................... 32 It’s Your Honor: Letters ...................................................................................................... 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION ' 40 EAST 38th ST., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence, except pertaining to Green Section matters, shou'd be sent to the above address. Correspondence pertaining to Green Section matters should be addressed to USGA Green Section, Room 206, South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.; to USGA Green Section Western Office, Box 241, Davis, Calif.; to USGA Green Section Southwestern Office, Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas; to USGA Green Section Northeastern Office, Rutgers Univers'ty, New Brunswick, N. J., or to USGA Green Section Southeastern Office, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. Entered as Second-class Matter March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 8, 1879. Edited by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and John P. English. All articles voluntarily contributed. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1954 Americas Cup Match — August 12 and 13 at the London Hunt and Country Club, London, Ontario, Canada. Men’s Amateur Teams: Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States. Curtis Cup Match—September 2 and 3 at the Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, Pa. Women’s Amateur Teams: British Isles vs. United States. (Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office.) Championship Amateur Entries Close Closed Girls' Junior August 16 Women's Amateur August 30 Sectional Qualifying Rounds Held none none Championship Dates August 23-28 Aug. 30-Sept. 3 Sept. 13-18 Venue C. C. of Detroit Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich. Gulph Mills G. C. Bridgeport, Pa. Allegheny C. C. Sewickley, Pa. The Duke's Divots After a Duke of Manchester had visited the Pine Valley Golf Club, Clementon, N. J., some years ago, he sent back the fol­ lowing admonition, suitably printed for posting: As these links were not meant to be carted away, The divots you cut in the course of your play Should be quickly replaced by your cad­ die or you, With their roots to the soil and their blades to the dew. In Any Sport Robert Moses, Park Commissioner of New York City, was talking about the dif­ ference between amateur and professional viewpoints in athletics one evening, and he put forward the thought which we try to keep uppermost in administering amateur golf: "There is room for both professional and amateur, but in this American scene the amateur means more to us than the professional. ". . . There is, to put it bluntly, more to the spirit of amateur sports than can be measured by the jaded, pot-bellied, cynical, sideline, grandstand and bleacher kibitzers who care about nothing but blood, slugging and world records. J am supposed to be a hard-boiled fellow in administra­ tion, but I’m not ashamed to be an idealist about recreation, the great outdoors, con­ servation of public and human resources, honest competitive sports and fun for its own sake without cash inducements. "This is what amateur athletic competi­ tion does for boys and girls: It teaches them to fight fair, to recognize the gap between eligibility and victory, to accept defeat with a grin and success without swelling, and to realize that in the long run the race is not always to the swift nor the battle to the strong. What pursuit teaches more? "No professional sport, not even golf and baseball, does this. The best you can say of most professional athletics is that the performers are faster, more skillful and better trained. They have turned fun and exercise into serious business and a livelihood. On the other hand, professional sport rarely approaches amateur standards of conduct. Gladiators can’t waste much time on the niceties of life.” From Girl to Grandmother Mrs. Sydney Grossman, of the Hillcrest Country Club, Los Angeles, Cal., has con­ tinued her unusual record in the women’s club championship there. Mrs. Grossman won her first club championship as a girl twenty-seven years ago and now has won it sixteen times. In the meantime she has raised a family and is a grandmother. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 1 Take-lt-Over Event How many times after a round of golf have we said, "If I just hadn’t skulled that shot on the third or bent that tee shot into the water on the sixteenth . . . if I could only take them over.” Well, the Maidstone Club, at East Hampton, N. Y., gives its members a chance to do exactly that. It holds a Take-It-Over tournament as a mixed foursome with selective drives. Combined handicaps of a team must be at least twenty-five. The "Take-It-Over” strokes total one-half of combined handi­ caps. For example, if the "Take-It-Over” strokes total fifteen, the team at its discre­ tion can replay 15 strokes. The player who plays a "Take-it-over” stroke is the one who has just played the previous stroke. If a putt was missed and the player de­ cides to "Take-It-Over,” the ball is re­ played by placing it as near as possible to the spot where it lay on the previous shot. If a stroke is to be replayed through the green, the ball has to be dropped as pre­ scribed in Rule 22. A local rule for this tournament only requires that when a stroke is to be replayed from a hazard, the ball may be placed to give the player a lie similar to the one that existed on the pre­ vious shot. The Golf Committee cautions members about the great pitfalls of playing with one’s wife. "This method of play demands careful judgment in the use of handicap strokes. Suppose you have a five-foot putt to make. You miss it. You decide to take it over. Your wife disagrees. You try it. You miss it . . . so, if you do play with your wife and have trouble, don’t come to the Golf Committee for help. We have plenty of troubles of our own.” New Construction Golf course construction in 1954 has already accelerated to four times the pace set in 1953 when a post-war high in such activity was reached, according to a re­ port of the National Golf Foundation. Executive Vice-President Rex McMorris said that golf courses under construction and in the planning stage for the first SPEEDING UP PLAY When your caddie packs double, he can­ not be in two places at the same time. If your caddie has urgent business in another direction, why not select two or three clubs that you think you may need for your next shot? Are all of these conferences before you dub your next shot necessary? In any case, why not select your club on your own time? Do you try putts over when someone is waiting to shoot to the green? ■—From the Los Angeles Country Club Bulletin. three months of 1954 equalled half the total reported for all of 1953: "Fifty-three new golf courses were opened in 1953, one hundred and nine were under con­ struction and two hundred and twenty-five were in the planning stage. In the first three months of 1954, courses under con­ struction increased 52 per cent to one hundred and sixty-six and those in the planning stage totaled three hundred and fifty-seven—an increase of 5 8 per cent. During this period eleven new golf courses were opened in the southern states.” The Bobby Jones Story Of special literary interest is the book Mrs. O. B. Keeler and Innis Brown have put together from the writings of the late "O.B.” and of the late Grantland Rice entitled The Bobby Jones Story. The pub­ lisher is Tupper & Love, Atlanta, Ga. Jones’ autobiography, Down the Fair­ way, was written with "O.B.” in 1927, three years before Jones accomplished his Grand Slam and retired. Much happened and much was written after that book. This new work assembles all the best mate­ rial about Jones from the beginning to the end of his golfing career—in his pre­ mature autobiography, in the Atlanta Jour­ nal, in Associated Press dispatches and in other publications. It seems likely to be­ come a standard record of his achievements as well as the window to his thoughts and personality. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 Could You Qualify? SPORTSMAN’S CORNER Golfers being imperfect souls, there are some rather unusual qualifications for com­ petitors in the annual tournament of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints, held annually during the last week in July, this year at Ogden, Utah. Clark N. Stohl, Chairman of the Tour­ nament Committee, reports that, "To be eligible to compete it is necessary that par­ ticipants meet established church stand­ ards of conduct and abstain from the use of intoxicants and tobacco. Unbecoming conduct such as throwing of clubs or swearing are not tolerated. "The golf program was developed to en­ able Church members of all ages to com­ pete in one of the Church-sponsored com­ petitive sports. The aims of the entire LDS athletic program are not primarily to determine the best performer or team but to provide for good, clean, wholesome recreational activity for Church members. Sportsmanship is of the utmost impor­ tance.” The Church of Latter-Day Saints spon­ sors competitions in many sports. Its basketball league, according to Mr. Stohl, is the world’s largest, with more than 1,2 50 teams and about 12,500 players. The golf tournament starts with a prayer. Good Medicine John G. Brubaker had been battling for his health for several months when the Baltimore Golf Association took a hand. Horton F. Weeks, the president, and Jimmy Flattery, Irvin Schloss and Johnny Bass, professionals, presented to him a plaque bearing the inscription: "To Mr. John G. Brubaker for his won­ derful service to the golfers of Baltimore. From the Baltimore Golf Association, 1954.” All of Brubaker’s friends hope that it will prove to be good medicine for the recent member of the USGA Public Links Committee. BOB JORDAN There was a youngster playing in the Vir­ ginia Junior Championship at Belle Haven Country Club, in Alexandria, who would put many a golfer to shame. He hit the ball 79 times in the qualifying round, but his score was 83 because at the Country Club of Vir­ ginia, in Richmond, Bob Jordan had learned to play the game as it should be played. On the first hole Jordan played a wrong ball, discovered the fact and so advised his playing companion, who was unaware Jordan was having any difficulty. Jordan called a two-stroke penalty on himself and started with a 7. On the eighteenth hole Jordan was bunk­ ered in 2, but, as far as his playing companion knew, Bob played a delicate shot from the sand and holed a putt for a par 4. “You had a four?” the companion asked as he started to total the score. Jordan replied, “No, I had six.” It seems Jordan inadvertently had touched the sand on his backswing and had incurred a two-stroke penalty. Nobody had seen him touch the sand, but Bob knew the club had grounded and penalized himself. Treat your caddie as you would your son. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 3 ALL MATCH PLAY OR QUALIFYING • For Qualifying • by WILLIAM O. BLANEY Former New England and Massachusetts Amateur Champion Chairman, USGA Handicap Committee i(\\T hy does the USGA Amateur » V Championship lack the lustre of the USGA Open Championship?” When someone asked me that question, my answer probably was a bit vague, but the question set me to thinking what could be done to increase the lustre of the Ama­ teur Championship. Today my answer would be that the Championship proper is too much of a scramble, thereby preventing a small num­ ber of outstanding amateur players from establishing themselves as top-drawer at­ tractions, similar to the top twenty profes­ sionals whose names appear so regularly among the leaders in the Open and other important tournaments. The reason for this is simple. The pres­ ent form of the Amateur Championship is all match play, with every match at eight­ een holes except the semi-finals and final. This places too many pitfalls along the way for any outstanding player to make a consistently good showing over a period of time. Each year an almost entirely new group of names reaches the quarter- and semi-finals. As a result, no one leaves the Championship with a lasting reputation. Consider how many Champions in the last twenty years have reached the round of four, or the round of eight, when defend­ ing their titles. Few there are who ever again attained a semi-finalist ranking. Uncertainties in 18 Holes Eighteen-hole matches are too much of a gamble for any player to win consistently. The finest player in the country can play fifteen or sixteen holes in one or two under par and still find himself on the losing end if his opponent happens to hit a hot streak. Almost every contestant can hit those hot streaks once in awhile, not just the best players. Furthermore, a lot of eighteen-hole matches place so much pres­ sure on a top-notch player that his game is bound to deteriorate on occasions. On the other hand, the records will re­ veal players who have reached the quarter - or semi-finals without having come close to low-70 figures. This definitely does not add lustre to our Amateur Championship. One defense of the present system of all match play is that it permits more players to qualify sectionally and attend the Cham­ pionship proper. This, to me, is incidental to picking a true Champion. Is our top amateur tournament a social event, or is it to determine who is the best golfer in the country? Another defense of the present method is that contestants in some previous Cham­ pionships have ben polled as to their pref­ erence and have voted overwhelmingly in favor of all match play. This seems quite natural, because players are loath to vote against a method under which they have been successful in reaching the Champion­ ship. Perhaps also many players opposed to the present method did not enter the Championships for which polls were taken because they would not risk the expense of traveling to far corners of the land where their stay in the Championship proper might be limited to less than 18 holes if their first-round opponents hap­ pened to have unusually good rounds. It is quite logical that players’ polls will favor the method under which the most players are accepted at the scene of the Championship. Almost every entrant wants to go, and the more places available, the {Continued on page 20) 4 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 AT THE AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP? . For All Match Play . by JOHN D. AMES USGA Vice-President and Chairman of Championship Committee There are many possible ways of con­ ducting the USGA Amateur Cham­ pionship, and many ways have been tested since the start of the Championship in 1895. There have been Championship qual­ ifying rounds variously at 18, 36 and 54 holes, qualifying fields of 16, 32 and 64 players, double qualifying at the Cham­ pionship site, all match play with a field of 210 after sectional qualifying. Every pattern which seemed to have any merit has been tried. There is no gospel on the subject, no single wholly right pat­ tern. Through all the experiments, one fact stands out clearly: the Championship has always been ultimately determined at match play. Match play is the essence of the tournament, even when some form of stroke-play qualifying has been used. The reason for this is embedded in the original nature of golf. Golf was and is essentially a recreation, and that means fundamentally a game for amateurs. It was first a man-to-man contest. Later, score play, or stroke play, evolved and be­ came the primary game for professionals. There are simple and natural reasons for this difference: match play for amateurs, stroke play for professionals. Match play is a friendly game, played by amateurs ostensibly .for fun. One serious error can result in, let us say, an 8 for a hole—but the loss to the player is just that one hole. Stroke play is a stern, unforgiving test. Every stroke counts. An 8 can cost a pro­ fessional the Open Championship and its great rewards. That is as it should be, for golf is the professional’s full-time busi­ ness and the Open Championship should demand his best at all times. (Interestingly enough, match play is used by the Profes­ sional Golfers’ Association for deciding its annual Championship.) So in the Amateur Championship the winner has always been determined at match play. The very first Championship, in 1895, was entirely at match play, with no qualifying. Today, after many wander­ ings among the highways and byways of other schemes, the Championship proper is entirely at match play, after sectional qual­ ifying at 36 holes. Purpose of the Championship Now what is the purpose of the Ama­ teur Championship? Primarily and on the surface, it is to determine the Champion golfer among the members of the hundreds of USGA Reg­ ular Member Clubs. But as much as we might like to believe otherwise, the winner is not necessarily the best amateur golfer in the country. He happens to be the best player of the par­ ticular Championship week. He is not an invincible. At some time or other, he has been defeated and he will again be de­ feated by men whom he has eliminated in the Championship. That is the kind of game golf is, and there is rarely any such person among amateurs as an unbeatable Champion. Besides, as has been said by Richard S. Tufts, USGA Vice-President, "Who wants to go to all that trouble for the benefit of one individual? More must be accom­ plished than just selecting a Champion. . . . "Just as the Open is commercial, so is the Amateur non-commercial. The pace is more leisurely. It is designed for friendly combat, and there is the feeling that here are gathered those who play the game for pleasure and for sport. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST. 1954 5 "The influence of the Amateur on the game is far more general and more intimate than can ever be true of the Open. Com­ petitors at the Amateur come from every golfing district, and they are men who come in close, every-day contact with the golfers of their communities. As the lead­ ing players, they are respected and fol­ lowed. To this extent, the thoughts and attitudes they may bring back with them from the Amateur must exert a consider­ able influence on American golf. The Ama­ teur must, therefore, be conducted in a manner in keeping with the true spirit and the best traditions of the game.” Thus, we do not deplore what William O. Blaney calls the lack of lustre of the Amateur. Actually, the Amateur has its own special appeal and lustre. As Paul wrote to his friends the Corinthians, "There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differeth from another star in glory.” A Growing Entry From the start of the Championship until World War II, there was one year in which the entry for the Amateur Cham­ pionship reached 1,000. Since the War, the entry has exceeded 1,000 every year ex­ cept 1946. The all-time high was 1,416 in 1951; this year produced the third high­ est total of 1,281. Thousands of eligible amateurs (handicaps not more than 4) enter only occasionally or when the Cham­ pionship proper is near their homes. There are more good players today than ever before. If individual stars are not quite so bright as in the Twenties, per­ haps it is because there are more of them to share attention. How can the USGA best serve those members of its member clubs who want to compete for the Championship? As all of them cannot convene at one location, the USGA began, in 1931, a system of sec­ tional qualifying rounds at many loca­ tions. For expediency, these trials have been at 36 holes stroke play in one day. The size and the quality of each sectional field has determined the number of qualifiers in the section for the Championship proper. The sectional qualifiers join certain exempt players to form a field of 200 for all match play in the Championship. Why is this the present form, instead of further stroke play qualifying at the Cham­ pionship site? Besides the reasons given al­ ready, there are the following: 1. A larger field (200 players) can be admitted to the Championship proper for all match play. This is important in view of the premium on each qualifier’s place. This year the ratio of sectional entries to qualifiers’ places was 7% to 1. If there were qualifying at the Championship, the field would have to be cut to about 150. In 1946 at Baltusrol, the last year of quali­ fying at the Championship, there were 149 starters, and lack of light was a seri­ ous handicap in the play-off for last place. Contrary to Mr. Blaney’s opinion, it would not be possible to admit as many players as for the Open, because there is less avail­ able daylight at the time of the Amateur, in August-September, than for the Open, in June, and time would have to be al­ lowed for a last-place play-off, which is not true of the Open. 2. Stroke play should not be overempha­ sized for a match play Championship. When a player qualifies in his section, he should be able to start play for the Champion­ ship and not be required to qualify again. In the 193 3 Amateur at Kenwood Country Club, in Cincinnati, the finalists, who os­ tensibly were the two best match players of the week, George Dunlap and Max Marston, both had won their places in a play-off. That was putting a heavy pre­ mium on stroke play. 3. Admittedly there is greater likeli­ hood of upsets at eighteen holes than at thirty-six holes match play. But eighteen holes is a game of golf. There is no known method of avoiding upsets even if that were desirable, which is very doubtful. Golf is a game of both unusual skill and unusual uncertainty. Play does not follow form with the same fidelity as in many other games. Almost any four-handicapper can, upon occasion, outplay the best player 6 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 for a spell. Therein lies much of the at­ traction in golf, much of its come-on qual­ ity. It is a game for the hopeful. Golf is no respecter of persons. 4. As far as lustre is concerned, 36-hole stroke play qualifying among amateurs is rather dull for spectators. Players' Opinions What do the players think? After all, the Championship is for their enjoyment and benefit. The USGA has twice polled players on the form of the Amateur Championship. Following the 1946 Championship, in which there was qualifying at the Cham­ pionship site, the contestants voted 81 to 21 in favor of all match play. Another poll of those who played in the 1950 Cham­ pionship resulted in a vote of 94 to 45 for the all match play. There were some interesting comments in the latter poll. Among those favoring all match play were the following: "I traveled 800 miles once and 1,000 miles another time and failed to qualify for match play. I’d much rather lose a match than not play one at all.”—James A. Wit­ tenberg, Memphis, Tenn. "The present plan means more players at the tournament, more interest, more color.”—Dan Carmichael, Columbus, Ohio. "I think it is hard enough to qualify in your own section without going to another state to qualify again.”—Ray Palmer, Wy­ andotte, Mich. "In order that the Championship be thoroughly national, it is essential that as many players be on hand as it is possible to handle. With reduced places in sectional qualifying areas, it is obvious that some good players may not secure a spot.”—Jack Malloy, Oklahoma City. Jerry Cole, of Mount Vernon, N. Y., made this analysis: "I favor the present plan because of the broader scope of na­ tional representation. By this I do not mean that poorer players are given a chance to knock off a star. Quite the contrary, more good players get into the matches. The USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 difference between 150 and 200 men com­ peting can be very great. "Take the 1950 Championship, for in­ stance. Four out of the eight quarter­ finalists finished last or next to last in their sectional trials. If only 150 sectional places were allotted, these four may never have gone to Minneapolis. On the other hand, of the other four quarter-finalists, three led their sectional qualifying and one was exempt. This contrast is striking—the sec­ tional leaders and those who squeaked through might very well have had their positions reversed. "The point is this: that even though a good player suffers an off-day in his sec­ tional trial, he still has a chance to show his stuff in the long pull of the Cham­ pionship proper.” Solid Champions Finally, whatever the merits and the de­ merits of all match play, it has invariably produced a solid Champion. Here are the winners of the all-match- play tournaments: 1895—Charles B. Macdonald 1903—Walter J. Travis 1934—W. Lawson Little, Jr. 1935—W. Lawson Little, Jr. (Lit­ tle won the British Amateur also at all match play in both 1934-35) 1936—John W. Fischer 1947—Robert H. .(Skee) Riegel 1948—William P. Turnesa 1949—Charles R. Coe 1950-—Sam Urzetta 1951—Billy Maxwell 1952—Jack Westland 1953—Gene Littler That is an imposing roll. Every one a thorough Champion. Some of them rank among the all-time great players of golf. Whether or not another super-golfer emerges from the new generation is not now important. The thing to cheer about is that amateur competitive golf is healthy and vigorous. THE COMEBACK by JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. OF MRS. ZAHARIAS USGA Executive Director • The good which golf can do has been multiplied many times by the inspir­ ing examples of three particular Cham­ pions in recent years. The flame of their influence has leaped across the boundaries of the small world of golf and warmed chill spirits in the wide world of every­ day life. People who have "never shot a golf” have been helped by these golf Champions with the old problem of how to deal with great physical trouble. Ben Hogan was thought to be through with golf after a near-fatal automobile accident in February, 1949. He came back to win the Open Championship three more times and the British Open once. Ed Furgol, despite a crooked and with­ ered left arm resulting from a childhood accident, made himself into a golf player. After years of struggle, he became the Open Champion this year. In the spring of 1953 Mrs. George Za­ harias, the former Babe Didrikson, under­ went an operation for cancer. There was grave question about her future health. But she came back, and only last month she won the USGA Women’s Open Cham­ pionship in a great demonstration. In each of these three lives there is mean­ ing which far transcends golf ability. Un­ known thousands have been uplifted by the personal examples of Ben Hogan, Ed Fur­ gol and Babe Zaharias. Bob Jones must also be included in the list. He cannot even play golf now, crippled as he is. But he daily handles his problem like the "Grand Slam” Champion of old. Nearly everyone at some time or other has a problem which tends to make him feel that life is being unfair. "Why does this have to happen to me?” we all have doubtless said bitterly at some time. We are helped to understand by such faith and courage as these winners at golf have shown: perhaps the meaning is that the development of faith is what all of us need to be winners at life. It reminds you of the Bible miracle about a man who was blind from his birth. The disciples asked the Master who had sinned, the man or his parents, that caused him to be born blind. The Master said that neither he nor his parents had sinned, but that he was that way in order that the power of God should be made manifest in him. And He gave him his sight. Mrs. Zaharias' Great Career The athletic career of Mrs. Zaharias is in a class by itself. As far back as 1931 she won national AAU championships in the running broad jump, 80-meter hurdles and baseball throw, setting world’s records in the last two. The next year she won five national track and field champion­ ships. The same year, 1932, in the Olympic Games at Los Angeles she set a new world and Olympic record for the javelin throw of 143 feet 4 inches, set an Olympic rec­ ord for the 80-meter hurdles and lost the final of the high jump. She has played professional baseball, pocket billiards and various other sports. In November, 1934, she entered her first golf tournament at Forth Worth and won the medal with 38-39—77. The following spring she took the Texas Championship. From June, 1946, to October, 1947, she won 16 consecutive tournaments. Mrs. Zaharias has entered the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship once, in 1946, the British Women’s Amateur once, in 1947, and the USGA Women’s Open once, in 1954. She won every time. Before the USGA assumed sponsorship of the 8 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 Champion, Miss Betsy Rawls. On the final day she had rounds of 73 and 75. Miss Betty Hicks was the runner-up with 303, followed by Miss Louise Suggs at 307. Miss Rawls tied at 308 with the low amateur, 19-year-old Miss Mary Kath­ ryn Wright, of La Jolla, Cal. Prize money of $7,500 was awarded to twelve leading professionals, with the win­ ner receiving $2,000. The Salem Country Club, which had been host to the 1932 Women’s Amateur Championship, provided not only a real test but excellent arrangements all around. The Club’s President, Lionel MacDuff, and the General Chairman of the Club’s Com­ mittees, Joseph M. Batchelder, spared no effort to insure hospitable and efficient ar­ rangements for their guests. It was a won­ derful tournament in every respect. Mrs. Zaharias' Cards 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hole Yards 400 402 146 372 473 206 337 477 355 1st 3 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 . 4 2nd Par 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 ■ ------ — — --- 37 3,168 4 361 5 470 2 144 4 342 4 193 4 508 3 400 4 397 4 375 3rd 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 --- 37 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 ----- - — — — .— In 3,190 36 73 Total 6,358 Out 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 36 4 5 3 4 3 5 4 4 4 35 5 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 37 72 36 72 34 71 4th 4 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 4 --- 36 3 5 3 5 3 5 ■ 5 5 5 —— 39 75 Don't Be Misled Although some of the promotional ma­ terial concerning Chick Evans’ new book Golf for Boys and Girls may be mislead­ ing, the author has by no means sacrificed his amateur status to prepare this piece of instruction. All royalties will be turned over by the publisher directly to the Evans Scholarship Fund. Courtesy of Boston Herald MISS MARY K. WRIGHT The leading amateur Women’s Open last year Mrs. Zaharias had won it twice. Rarely has any golfer in a national com­ petition dominated the proceedings as thor­ oughly as Mrs. Zaharias did in the Open last month at the Salem Country Club, in Peabody, Mass. Here she was, trying to make a comeback after her operation last year. She was opposed to the best women golfers in the game. She was playing a really exacting course which stretched to nearly 6,400 yards, with a women’s par of 72. She faced 36 holes on the last day. Her winning score of 291 was twelve strokes better than the next score. At that, she went three over par on the last three holes, and thus only three over par for the 72 holes. She did not have anything high­ er than a 5 on her card. Miss Claire Doran, Cleveland amateur, shared the first-round lead with Mrs. Za­ harias at 72. Next day Mrs. Zaharias pulled away with a 71, and her total of 143 gave her a seven-stroke lead over the defending USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 9 HOW TO BEHAVE THOUGH A GOLFER What is the first section in the Rules of Golf booklet? It is no accident that the code starts with Etiquette. It was not always so. For many years Etiquette appeared at the very end, after all the long text of the playing Rules. But when a major revision was published by the USGA in 1947, these tips on how to be courteous were presented on page 1, and there they probably will stay forever. As important as are the playing Rules, thoughtful golfers have always felt that the way in which the game is played is even more important. Etiquette is simply an expression of the game’s traditional sporting spirit, a spirit of consideration of the other fellow. This is something that is caught, rather than taught. Either you have it or you don’t. Either you’re polite or you’re in­ considerate. If you’re inconsiderate, no amount of Rules-making will change you. It will make no difference to you whether Etiquette is published on page 1 or page 100. Have you ever really read through the section on golf courtesy? It’s worth re­ viewing every now and then, no matter how punctilious you are in your golf course behavior. The code of Etiquette deals with two main fields of relations: 1. Relations between player and player. 2. Relations between the player and the course. There are many unwritten rules of eti­ quette. It would require too many pages to detail every action which a player might take in being polite. The situations which have occurred most commonly are those which have found their way into the pub­ lished code. Test your courtesy at golf. Below is the full code. Rate yourself on every point, from 10 if you are perfect down to 0 if you are completely guilty. If your total score is 90 or better, you’ll pass. If you break 90, you ought to spend an hour a day in meditation and prayer. Here is the code: Score 1. No one should move, talk or stand close to or directly behind the ball or the hole when a player is addressing the ball or making a stroke. 2. The player who has the honor should be allowed to play before his opponent or fellow-competitor tees his ball. 3. No player should play until the players in front are out of range. 4. In the interest of all, players should play without delay. 5. Players searching for a ball should allow other players coming up to pass them; they should signal to the players following them to pass, and should not continue their play until those players have passed and are out of range. 6. Before leaving a bunker, a player should carefully fill up all holes made by him therein. 7. Through the green, a player should ensure that any turf cut or displaced by him is replaced at once and pressed down, and that, after the players have holed out, any damage to the putting green made by the ball or the player is carefully repaired. 8. Players should ensure that, when dropping bags or the flagstick, no damage is done to the putting green, and that neither they nor their caddies damage the hole by standing close to the hole or in handling the flagstick. The flagstick should be prop­ erly replaced in the hole before the players leave the putting green. 9. When the result of a hole has been determined, players should immediately leave the putting green. PRIORITY ON THE COURSE In the absence of special rules, singles, threesomes or foursomes should have prece­ dence of and be entitled to pass any other kind of match. A single player has no standing, and should give way to a match of any kind. Any match playing a whole round is entitled to pass a match playing a shorter round. If a match fails to keep its place on the course and loses more than one clear hole on the players in front, it should allow the match following to pass. 10 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 195* Total...................... THE CURTIS CUP TEAMS by JOHN P. ENGLISH USGA Assistant Executive Director Four experienced international golf­ ers and four newcomers have accepted invitations to represent the USGA against a team of women amateurs from the British Isles in the eighth Match for the Curtis Cup at the Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, Pa., next month. The Captain of the Team is Mrs. Harri­ son F. Flippin, of Ardmore, Pa. Although Mrs. Flippin is a prominent player, she will be a non-playing Captain. The eight play­ ers are: Miss Claire Doran, Cleveland, Ohio Miss Mary Lena Faulk, Thomas­ ville, Ga. Miss Dorothy Kirby, Atlanta, Ga. Miss Patricia Lesser, Seattle, Wash. Miss Polly Riley, Fort Worth, Texas Miss Barbara Romack, Sacramento, Cal. Mrs. Howard K. Smith (nee Grace DeMoss), Coral Gables, Fla. Miss Joyce Ziske, Milwaukee, Wis. The Misses Doran, Kirby and Riley and Mrs. Smith have played on previous Teams. The Misses Faulk, Lesser, Romack and Ziske are new to the Team. If any of these should be unable to at­ tend the Match, an invitation would be issued to one of the following alternates, in order: Mrs. Robert L. Ihlanfeldt (nee Edean Anderson), Seattle, Wash. Miss Mary Ann Downey, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Hugh B. Jones, Jr., (nee Mae Murray), Montpelier, Vt. The customary principles governed the selection of this Team. They are: 1. Merit as a competitive golfer, based upon records in tournaments of im­ portance in recent years. 2. Sportsmanship and general ability to represent the United States in international relations. 3. Unquestioned status as an amateur golfer. Selection of Team members is not in­ fluenced by age, geography or any factors other than those named above. In choosing this Team, a Selection Com­ mittee composed of members of the Wom­ en’s Committee considered twenty-one can­ didates who had been nominated for con­ sideration and presented its recommenda­ tion to the Women’s Committee. The Women’s Committee in turn considered the matter and presented its recommendation to the Executive Committee, which ap­ proved the selections. Those selected are due to report to Mrs. Flippin at the Merion Golf Club on Sun­ day afternoon, August 29, for team prac­ tice. The Match will start on Thursday, Sep­ tember 2, with three 36-hole foursomes, and will conclude on Friday, September 3, with six 36-hole singles. Matches even after 36 holes will be considered halved and will not be played to a conclusion. The Captain of the British Team is Mrs. John Beck, of Ascot, England, and the other players are: Miss Jeanne Bisgood, England Miss Philomena Garvey, Ireland Mrs. R. T. Peel, Scotland Miss Elizabeth Price, England Miss Janette Robertson, Scotland Miss Frances Stephens, England Mrs. George Valentine (nee Jes­ sie Anderson), Scotland Of this group, only Mrs. Beck, Mrs. Peel and Miss Robertson, who is 19 and the USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 ii youngest player in the Match, are new to the competition. The Misses Bisgood, Gar­ vey, Price and Stephens and Mrs. Valentine not only played in the last Match, at Muirfield, Scotland, in 1952, but also in the last Match in this country, at the Coun­ try Club of Buffalo, N. Y., in 1950. Miss Stephens recently won the British Championship for the second time, and Mrs. Valentine also has held that title. Mrs. Beck already has made a prelimi­ nary visit to this country to confer on arrangements. The British Team will sail on the S.S. Atlantic, docking at Quebec on August 18. It will play an exhibition against a Canadian group at the Beacons­ field Golf Club, near Quebec, on August 24 and travel to Philadelphia on August 2 5. The Team members plan to week-end at the Pine Valley Golf Club, Clementon, N. J. The British now hold the Curtis Cup. They won it for the first time at Muir­ field in 1952, by a score of 5 to 4. Previ­ ously, the USGA Team had won five Matches and another had been halved. The series was originated in 1932, after the Misses Harriot and Margaret Curtis, of Manchester, Mass., had offered the Cup for international competition among teams of women amateur golfers, and has been held every other year, alternately in this country and abroad, except during the war years. Sketches of the United States Captain and players follow: Mrs. Harrison F. Flippin Mrs. Flippin, the non-playing Captain, is serving in that capacity for the first time. She is Chairman of the USGA Wom­ en’s Committee, attended Bryn Mawr, lives in Ardmore, Pa., and is a member of the Merion Golf Club, where the Match will be held. As Miss Edith Quier, she won the East­ ern and Pennsylvania Amateur Champion­ ships in 1936, and she has held the Phila­ delphia Championship on three occasions. MRS. HARRISON F. FLIPPIN Miss Claire Doran Miss Doran, a member of the Team in 1952, has both bachelor’s and master’s 12 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 degrees from Western Reserve University and devotes part of her time to teaching. Her home is in Cleveland, Ohio, and she represents the Westwood Country Club. She won the Western Amateur and Ohio Amateur Championships last year, the latter for the third time, and is the 1954 Western Amateur Champion. While she lost in the third round in the last USGA Women’s Amateur Championship to Mi s Patricia Lesser, she was runner-up to Miss Dorothy Kirby in 1951 and a quarter­ finalist in 1952. She is a member of the USGA Girls’ Junior Committee. In the 1952 Match at Muirfield, Scot­ land, Miss Doran defeated Miss Philomena Garvey in singles, 3 and 2, and she and Mrs. Marjorie Lindsay McMillen defeated Miss Frances Stephens and Mrs. George Valentine in foursomes, 6 and 4. She went to the fourth round of the British Cham­ pionship following the Match. Miss Mary Lena Faulk Although Miss Faulk is the USGA Wom­ en’s Amateur Champion, she is represent­ ing her country in international team com­ petition for the first time. She is a book­ keeper, attended Ward-Belmont, Florida State University, lives in Thomasville, Ga., and is a member of the Glen Arven Coun­ try Club. Last year prior to winning the Women’s Amateur, she was runner-up in the North and South Tournament, a semi-finalist in the British and the Trans-Mississippi Cham­ pionships and made an impressive showing in the winter tournaments in Florida. She was Georgia Champion in 1946, 1947 and 1948. Miss Dorothy Kirby Miss Kirby, the USGA Women’s Ama­ teur Champion in 1951 and a member of the last three Teams, is in the sales depart­ ment of a television station in Atlanta, Ga. She is a member of the Capital City Club. Her golf career started at the age of 13 when she won the Georgia Champion­ ship and it has included two other appear­ ances in the final of the Women’s Amateur. Last year she was a quarter-finalist in the Women’s Amateur and a semi-finalist in the Western Open. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 13 In the 1948 Match at Birkdale, Eng­ land, she lost to Miss Jean Donald, 2 down, but she and Mrs. Edwin H. Vare, Jr., de­ feated Miss Garvey and Mrs. Zara Bolton, 4 and 3, in foursomes. She also reached the quarter-final round of the British Cham­ pionship that year. In the 1950 Match at the Country Club of Buffalo, N. Y., she and Miss Dorothy Kielty defeated Miss Garvey and Miss Jeanne Bisgood, 6 and 5, in foursomes. In the 1952 Match, she de­ feated Miss Donald, 1 up; and she and Mrs. Howard K. Smith lost to Miss Donald and Miss Elizabeth Price in foursomes, 3 and 2. Miss Patricia Lesser Miss Lesser lives in Seattle, Wash., was graduated from Seattle University last Miss Polly Riley Miss Riley is an advertising sales repre­ sentative in Fort Worth, Texas, and plays at the River Crest Country Club. In addition to playing with the last three Curtis Cup Teams, she has won the Southern Championship five times, the Western Amateur, the Trans-Mississippi and the Texas Amateur and Open Cham­ pionships. She was runner-up to Miss Faulk in the last USGA Women’s Amateur and has been a quarter-finalist three times. In the 1948 Match at Birkdale, Eng­ land, she defeated Miss Maureen Ruttie, 3 and 2, and was beaten in the second round of the British Championship. In the 1950 Match, she defeated Mrs. Valentine, 7 and 6. In the 1952 Match, she defeated Miss Moira Paterson, 6 and 4, but she and Miss Patricia O'Sullivan lost to Miss Pater­ son and Miss Garvey, 2 and 1, in foursomes. Miss Barbara Romack Miss Romack, another 21-year-old, is the Canadian Champion. She attended Sac­ ramento College, sells life insurance in Sacramento, CaL, plays at the Del Paso Country Club there and will be making her debut as a member of the international team. She lost in the fourth round of the spring and represents the Sand Point Coun­ try Club. She is 21 and is also a first-time member of the Team. Last year she was a quarter-finalist and the year before a semi-finalist in the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship. She won the Collegiate and Pacific Northwest Cham­ pionships, was first amateur in the USGA Women’s Open Championship and a semi­ finalist in the Canadian and Western Open Championships. She won the USGA Girls’ Junior in 1950. 14 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 USGA Women’s Amateur last year and in the quarter-finals two years ago. She won the North and South Tournament and the California Championship in 1952. Mrs. Howard K. Smith Mrs. Smith, nee Grace DeMoss, a mem­ ber of the 195 2 Team, is now a housewife in Coral Gables, Fla., but she is a graduate of Oregon State College and a member of the Corvallis Country Club, Corvallis, Ore. She reached the semi-final round of the 1950 and 1951 USGA Women’s Amateur Championships and was in the fifth round last year. She won the 1949 Canadian Championship and gained the Canadian final again in 1950. She has taken the Pacific Northwest, Oregon State, Oregon Women’s Golf Association and Arizona Championships. In the 1952 Match, she lost to Miss Price, 3 and 2, in the decisive singles match; and she and Miss Kirby lost to Miss Price and Miss Donald, 3 and 2. Miss Joyce Ziske Miss Ziske is also a new member of the Team and, at 20, is its youngest member. She lives in Milwaukee, Wis., and plays at the Rivermoor Country Club in nearby Waterford. While she attracted attention by defeat­ ing Miss Marlene Stewart, then the British Champion, at the nineteenth hole on the first day of play in the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship last summer, she really came into her own last winter by making a remarkable record against many of the best women players in Florida and Mid-South tournaments. She won both the Palm Beach and North and South Tour­ naments. She was Wisconsin Champion in 1952. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT.- AUGUST, 195* 15 EVEN THE HEAT COULDN’T STOP SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA by FREDERICK L. DOLD Chairman, USGA Public Links Committee The new Amateur Public Links Cham­ pion is Gene Andrews and, as usual, he lives in Southern California. At the age of 40, Andrews survived the hottest weather ever recorded in Dallas, Texas, and became the oldest winner of the tournament. On the day of the final, the temperature rose to 108 degrees and Andrews was locked in a tight match at the Cedar Crest Golf Course with a 26-year-old opponent named Jack E. Zimmerman, of Dayton, Ohio. It seemed inevitable to many in the large gal­ lery that the younger man, a solid shot­ maker and a courageous opponent, would wear him down over 36 holes. Yet sheer determination can do wonderful things, and it brought Andrews through by a margin of one hole. He never made the equalizing error after winning the thirty­ fourth with a par to go ahead. He scored a 73 and 72, three over par, for his two rounds in the final. Thus Southern California now has won eight of the last fifteen Championships and six of the nine since the war. Pat Abbott won in 1936 and took the James D. Stand­ ish, Jr., Cup to Southern California for the first time. After him came Bruce McCor­ mick, Smiley Quick, Mike Ferentz, Dave Stanley, Pete Bogan and Ted Richards, Jr. Andrews and Richards, as a matter of fact, played from the same course, the Rancho Golf Course. Andrews, a life-insurance salesman, and a fine putter, was playing in his first Ama­ teur Public Links Championship and had failed to qualify in two previous tries. As a member of the Mission Vall.ey Golf Club, in San Diego, he played in the Amateur Championship at Pebble Beach, Cal., in 1947 and lost to Harold Paddock in the second round. He was raised in St. Louis, attended the University of Missouri, lived in Dallas for a time in the Thirties and got serious about golf while serving with Sam Snead at the Naval Base in San Diego during the war. Zimmerman, who is a power-plant en­ gineer at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, was in his fifth Amateur Public Links Championship but his best previous efforts had taken him only to the third round. There was no early indication that he would do better at Dallas, either, for he posted an 8 5 in the preliminary team competi­ tion, and it took him a time to get his game together. He was graduated from the University of Dayton and did post-gradu­ ate work at Illinois Tech. The less fortunate semi-finalists were William C. Scarbrough, Jr., 30, of Jack­ sonville, Fla., a Chief Aviation Ordnance­ man in the regular Navy, and Joseph S. Evans, 31, of St. Louis, Mo., a baker. Both men had played brilliantly in earlier rounds but wilted before Zimmerman and An­ drews, respectively, and both semi-finals ended on the thirty-second green. Zimmer­ man was even par and Andrews three under for the distance, the latter having played the morning round in 68. And Then There Was the Heat If there ever has been a hotter Amateur Public Links Championship, veteran mem­ bers of the Public Links Committee could not recall it, and they included Earl Shock, of Dayton, Ohio, who attended the very first Championship, at Toledo, Ohio, in 1922, and Joseph S. Dickson, of Louisville, Ky., who has attended every Champion­ ship except one since 1929. The searing Texas sun drove the ther­ mometer up to 108 on the Saturday of the team competition, to 109 on Sunday and 16- USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 cause of the intense heat, which favored neither youth nor age. The oldest qualifier, William T. Brown, 57, a Los Angeles school teacher, went down in the first round, and the youngest quali­ fier, Robbie Webb, 14, of Gulfport, Miss., fell in the second round, along with the two former champions, Andrew Szwedko, of Pittsburgh, and Stanley Bielat, of Yonk­ ers, N. Y. Both Szwedko and Bielat were 2 up with two holes to play and lost at the nineteenth hole. Szwedko won in 1939, is now 44 and was playing in his fifteenth Amateur Public Links Championship. Bie­ lat won in 1950 and is 41. Richards, who won last year at Seattle, was ineligible to defend because he has since joined the Bel-Air Country Club. He will reappear in the Amateur Champion­ ship. Dallas Wins Team Trophy It isn’t often the home-town people who work so hard receive any tangible reward for staging a championship. The Dallas committee was rewarded tangibly and promptly, however. Its three-man team won the Warren G. Harding Trophy in the 18-hole stroke-play competition before the individual championship began. Jesse James, a 26-year-old aerodynamics engineer who lives across the street from Cedar Crest’s first tee, scored a 71. Rich­ ard Martin, who is 40, came in with a 76. And the dependable Andy Sword, a 3 8- year-old policeman, finished with a 73 to give Dallas a total of 220, three strokes above the record, and insure the victory. Sword and John Hatch later were to carry Dallas’ hopes of winning the individual championship into the quarter-final round. The Los Angeles team was second, five strokes back, at 22 5. Detroit and St. Louis tied for third at 227. The shining silver cup was handed to Gordon Young, founder and President of the Dallas Public Links Golf Association, at the USGA dinner for the players that same evening, and there seemed no question but that Young felt completely rewarded for his efforts before a stroke was played (Continued on page 21) There was only "that much" difference. At least, that is what Gene Andrews (right), of Los Ange­ les, Cal., the new Amateur Public Links Champion, seems to be saying to Jack E. Zimmerman, of Dayton, Ohio, the runner-up. Andrews won the 36- hole final, 1 up, at the Cedar Crest Golf Course, Dallas, Texas. to an all-time Dallas high of 110.3 on the Monday when individual match play began. Thereafter, the heat relented temporarily but reached well over 100 every day and was back at 108 for the final. Twice during the final the fire depart­ ment was called to put out fires which started in the parched grass and threatened the twelfth green. Players learned to protect themselves from the heat by draping wet bath towels over their heads or carrying umbrellas. Even then several succumbed to the heat. Hal McCommas, of Dallas, a sophomore member of Southern Methodist Univer­ sity’s college championship golf team and the only quarter-finalist of last year who qualified again, staggered successfully through temperature of 102 in the third and fourth rounds on Wednesday and then was ordered to bed by his doctor. Two other players could not complete their first-round matches, and two more had to walk in during the third round be­ USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 17 THE JUNIOR AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP TO DATE The possibility of conducting a cham­ pionship for boys was under consid­ eration by the USGA prior to World War II, and discussions were resumed after the war. On January 9, 1948, the Executive Committee decided to inaugurate a Junior Amateur Championship for boys who had not reached their 18 th birthday. Its pur­ pose was to develop in the younger players a knowledge of the rules and background of the game and an understanding of the spirit in which it should be played. The first Championship was conducted by the USGA Championship Committee at the University of Michigan Golf Course, Au­ gust 11-14, 1948. There were 495 entrants, of whom 128 were qualified for the Cham­ pionship proper through sectional rounds at 41 locations throughout the country. The lowest qualifying score was a 69 by War­ ren Higgins at Dallas Country Club. This Championship, like the Amateur, was con­ ducted entirely at match play, and Dean Lind, a 17-year-old high school graduate from Rockford, Ill., came through the seven 18-hole rounds to win. He defeated Ken Venturi, of San Francisco, 4 and 2, in the final. The youngest qualifier was Mason Rudolph, 14, of Clarksville, Tenn., who went to the quarter-final round, where he was beaten by Lind. 1949—Th e final round of the second Championship was played between two boys who qualified together at Louisville, Ky., and roomed together at Georgetown University, while play was going on at the Congressional Country Club, Wash­ ington, D. C., in July, 1949. Gay Brewer, Jr., of Lexington, Ky., another 17-year- old high school student, defeated Mason Rudolph, now 15 years old, 6 and 4. Col. Lee S. Read, of Louisville, who had brought the boys to Washington, refereed. Brewer had been eliminated in the second round the previous year. The entry dipped to 416, and the lowest qualifying score again was a 69, by Ronnie Hughes at the Wilshire Country Club, in Los Angeles. Dean Lind, of course, was too old to enter a defense of his title. 1950—Young Mason Rudolph went all the way at the Denver Country Club, in July, 1950. The lad who had gone to the quarter-finals at 14 and to the final at 15 became the first 16-year-old Champion by defeating Chuck Beville, 17, of Los An­ geles, 2 and 1, after twice winning on extra holes in earlier rounds. Rudolph al­ ready had qualified for the Open, and his victory in the Junior Amateur enabled him to play in the Amateur, his third USGA Championship in the same year. The first two Junior Amateur Championships had been conducted by the USGA Champion­ ship Committee, but this year a USGA Junior Championship Committee, with 54 members, was organized to stimulate local interest, conduct sectional qualifying rounds, assist at the Championship and advise on policies regarding junior golf. Richard S. Tufts, of Pinehurst, N. C., who had conducted the first two Cham­ pionships as Chairman of the Championship Committee, became Chairman of the Junior Championship Committee and continued to conduct the play. Players were housed at the University of Denver. The entry rose to 457, and Jerry Fehr led them all with a record score of 66 in the sectional round at the Olympic View Golf Club, in Seattle. Gay Brewer had gone over the age limit and was not eligible to defend. 1951—There was a defending Champion for the first time at the University of Illinois, in July, 1951, but he lasted only four rounds. At that point, Billy Ford, of Charleston, S. C., upset Mason Rudolph by one hole. K. Tommy Jacobs, of Monte­ bello, Cal., another 16-year-old, came on to win, defeating Floyd Addington, 17, of Dallas, Texas, 4 and 2, in the final. Jacobs had lost in the third round the previous 18 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 year. Entries this year rose to a new high of 596, and, as in the first year, 41 sec­ tional qualifying rounds were held to ac­ commodate them; Jimmy Powell’s 69 at San Antonio, Texas, was the low score. The caliber of junior play was improving steadily. Twelve of the Junior qualifiers subsequently gained places in the Amateur, and Jacobs went to the semi-final round of that Championship. The new Junior Championship Committee also began to take shape and eleven members were pres­ ent at the University of Illinois. 1952—Again the defender could not re­ peat. Don Bisplinghoff, a 17-year-old Or- NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA REGULAR American Legion Golf Club, Ga. Audubon Golf Club, La. Bath Country Club, N .Y. Bluograss Country Club, Tenn. Bon-Air Country Club, Pa. Brainerd Golf & Country Club, Tenn. Catawba Country Club, N. C. Cleveland Country Club, N. C. Duquesne Golf Club, Pa. Emerywood Country Club, N. C. Forest Lake Country Club, Mich. Fort Campbell Golt Club, Ky. Galveston Country Club, Texas Glen Lakes Country Club, Texas Goose Creek Golf Club, Va. Harvey Golf Club, N. D. Indian Valley Country Club, Pa. Kurth Golf Course, Texas Lakeside Country Club, S. C. Lincoln Hills Country Club, Wis. McKinney Country Club, Texas Mt. View Golf Club, Wash. NCR Employees Benefit Association, Ohio Pennrose Park Country Club, N. C. Reedsburg Country Club, Wis. St. Clair River Country Club, Mich. Spring Meadow Golf & Country Club, N. J. Standard Town & Country Club, Ga. Toccoa Golf Club, Ga. ASSOCIATE Alpena Golf Course, Mich. Edgewood Country Club, Mich. Minneopa Golf Club, Minn. Ohio University Golf Course, Ohio Purdue University Golf Course, Ind. Tee-A-Way Lodge and Country Club, Wis. lando (Fla.) High School student, de­ feated Tommy Jacobs, 3 and 2, in a semi­ final and succeeded him by beating Eddie Meyerson, also 17, of Los Angeles, 2 up, in the final. The Championship was held at the Yale Golf Course in July, 1932, and attracted a record entry of 711, who took part in sectional qualifying at 42 loca­ tions. The qualifying record was equalled when Dale Lingenbrink made a 66 at the same Olympic View Golf Club, in Seattle, where Jerry Fehr had set the mark two years earlier. Bisplinghoff established an­ other scoring record when he went to the turn in 31, three under par, in the quarter­ finals. The prestige of the Championship was well established, after five years, and the qualifiers represented 32 states and the District of Columbia. Among them was Vernon Stanley, 12, of Charlotte, N. C., the youngest ever to gain a place in match play. 1953—Rex Baxter, Jr., of Amarillo, Texas, a lean, serious boy of 17, won convincingly at the Southern Hills Country Club, Tulsa, Okla., in July-August, 195 3. He defeated George Warren, III, 16, of Hampton, S. C., 2 and 1, in the final. The entry list for this event closed at a new high of 713, repre­ senting 41 states, the DC and Canada. Leo H. Jordan, Jr., technically lowered the record in sectional qualifying rounds when he played the Sante Fe Hills Country Club course, in Kansas City, Mo., in 60, al­ though par there was only 5 8. Three 13- year-olds qualified, and all advanced to the fourth round. The youngest was Jack Nicklaus, of Columbus, Ohio, who had turned 13 in January. Another was Verner Stanley, who qualified for the second time. Three Canadians also qualified, but they went out in the first round. Keith Lopp, of Long Beach, Cal., and Robert L. Prall, of Salem, Ore., went farther in the second round than any pair had gone previously in match play. Lopp finally won on the twenty-third hole. Terry Thomas, of Can­ andaigua, N. Y., made a hole in one on the 165-yard fourteenth hole as he was losing in the third round. Donald Bis­ plinghoff was too old to defend. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 19 For Qualifying in the Amateur Championship (Continued from page 4) better he likes it. But this still does not help in selecting the best golfer in the country. Double Qualifying Favored The solution seems to be to return to the former method of conducting the Championship: namely, after 36-hole sec­ tional qualifying to hold a 36-hole quali­ fying test at the scene of the Champion­ ship, with 32 or 64 players (preferably 32) to qualify for match play and with all matches at 36 holes (or, at the most, with two 18-hole matches the first day and the balance at 36 holes). The 36-hole qualifying at the Cham­ pionship would separate the boys from the men, and the 36-hole matches would tend to favor the better players over a short, hot stretch of some fly-by-night player. The result would be that the really fine players today would qualify repeatedly and advance in match play to the extent of their true ability. Just as many players can start in the 36-hole qualifying for the Amateur Cham­ pionship as can start on the first day of the Open Championship. If a true Open Champion can be determined from a lim­ ited field, then a true Amateur Champion can be determined from an amateur field of similar size. The argument may be proposed that having all matches at 36 holes would ex­ tend the tournament another day and make it more of an endurance contest than a golf match. If anyone has played through a major championship, he knows it already is an endurance contest and another day will not make much difference. To play consistently good golf over a period of time requires endurance, and this should be one of the requirements of a true cham­ pion. With 36-hole qualifying at the Cham­ pionship proper, a qualifier for match play would accomplish something of which he could be justly proud. Such a player in an all - match - play Championship might play equally as well in his first-round match and still lose to an opponent who played a little bit better. He then might feel obligated to take the first train home because of his "poor” show­ ing. Compare his plight with that of an­ other player who, always struggling to break 80, could not possibly have passed a qualifying test at the Championship but who, through the luck of the draw and his opponents’ poor play, advances to the quarter- or semi-finals and then returns home a hero because of his "fine” accom­ plishment. Can anyone justify this comparison? With 36-hole qualifying at the Champion­ ship proper, those who play poorly at the beginning will be on their way home soon, and properly so, while the real Champion­ ship players will continue on into match play where a real Champion will prevail. The Blind Draw If it is desired to have players from dif­ ferent parts of the country compete against one another, pairings during the two 18- hole qualifying rounds could be so ar­ ranged. This idea could be further ad­ vanced by having the qualifiers play in threes instead of couples. This would in­ crease intersectionalism among Champion­ ship contestants much more than the pres­ ent blind draw, where two players from New York may meet in the first round of a Championship in Seattle, Wash. Could Bob Jones have won the Amateur as many times as he did if the Champion­ ships during his era had been played at all match play? Look at his record in the Brit­ ish Amateur for the answer: many tries but only one win. A return to 36-hole qualifying at the scene of the Championship would mean the creation of a new group of gallery­ appealing players like those of former years, such as the Joneses, the Ouimets, the Evanses, the Sweetsers, the Von Elms, the 20 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 Voigts, the Willings, the Gardners and many others. Lustre would be restored to the Amateur Championship and galleries would increase. There might be fewer names to consider in Championship play, but they would be bigger and better names. And, incidentally, with fewer names to be considered, the selection of a Walker Cup team might be a much easier and less controversial task. The above is not intended to cast any aspersions on recent Champions. All have been fine players. But it is possible, maybe probable, that under former Championship methods their names might be more promi­ nent than they are today. Public Links (Continued from page 17) in the individual competition. Young and his General Chairman, Les A. Stemmons, Jr., proved a remarkably effective team in preparing for this first Amateur Public Links Championship in the Southwest, and all the players and committeemen who en­ joyed Dallas’ hospitality and efficiency are deeply in their debt. The Dallas Park Board had Cedar Crest in remarkable condition, considering the long drought and the difficulty of obtaining water, and the kind remarks of the players were a tribute to the wisdom with which the available water had been used. Cedar Crest has a great tradition, which was completely upheld. It is the course where Sid Cooper once was professional and where his little boy, Harry, grew up and learned to play. And Walter Hagen won his fifth and last Professional Golfers’ Association Championship there in 1927. You can't help a little child up the hill without getting nearer the top yourself. USGA PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, effective January I, 1954. Booklet, 25 cents (special rates for quantity orders). Poster, 25 cents. ARE YOUR LOCAL RULES NECESSARY? a reprint of a USGA Journal article con­ taining recommendations regarding local rules. No charge. THE RULE ABOUT OBSTRUCTIONS, a re­ print of a USGA Journal article. 'No charge. USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, containing recommendations for computing Basic and Current Handicaps and for rating courses. Booklet, 25 cents. Poster, 10 cents. THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN'S GOLF, con­ taining suggestions for guidance in the conduct of women's golf in clubs and associations, including tournament pro­ cedures, handicapping and course rating. 25 cents. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a reprint of a USGA Journal article explain­ ing the Callaway System of automatic handicapping for occasional players in a single tournament. No charge. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA Journal article detailing vari­ ous types of competitions. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHTNING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. MOTION PICTURES ON GOLF (list). No charge. MOTION PICTURES RELATING TO GOLF COURSE MAINTENANCE (list). No charge. HOLE-IN-ONE AWARDS. No charge. AMATEURISM IS IN THE HEART, a reprint of a USGA Journal article by E. G. Grace. No charge. BETTER LAWNS TO COME, a reprint of a USGA Journal article. No charge. TURF MANAGEMENT, by H. B. Musser (Mc­ Graw-Hill Book Co., Inc.), the authorita­ tive book on greenkeeping. $7. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGE­ MENT, a 33-page magazine published seven times a year and containing authori­ tative information on the Rules of Golf, USGA championships, handicapping, ama­ teur status, greenkeeping methods, clubs and ball, new trends and the play of the game. $2. a year. These publications are available on request to the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 21 Example of symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. “R & A” indicates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. “54-1” means the first decision issued in 1954. “R.37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1954 Rules of Golf. Ball Not Identified Is Lost R & A 54-4 D. 6 Q: In a match-play competition A and B were playing a long, one-shot hole, which was semi-blind, straight into a low, bright sun. Owing to the sun, neither tee shot was observed by the players, who were carrying their own clubs. On reaching the green one ball was seen to be on it. A went onto the green, looked at the ball but did not touch it and said to B, "This is yours.” They then searched unsuccess­ fully for the other ball, and after five minutes A said, "Come on. We have had our five minutes. Let’s get on.” B then picked up the ball on the green, looked at it and said to A, "This is not mine, it is yours.” He replaced the ball. A lifted the ball, confirmed that it was in fact his, and replaced it. They then searched for B’s ball. A found a ball, and said to B, "Here you are.” Without identifying the ball as his, B played it onto the green and they, completed the hole, A taking one stroke fewer than B to do so. It was then found that the ball B had played was not the one he played off the tee. Having conceded the hole under the mis­ taken impression that the ball on the green belonged to B, did A have any right to play the hole out when it was found after­ wards to be his or was the hole irrevocably lost by him when he so conceded it? A: A cannot escape the consequences of his failure to identify his own ball. When A failed to find his ball after a five-min- utes search, it became a lost ball and no longer in play. As A elected not to adopt the procedure for a lost ball but to con­ cede the hole, his decision was irrevocable. B’s subsequent actions could not deprive him of a hole already won. Provisional Balls Unlimited R & A 54-5 R. 30-1 Q: A player in a stroke round plays a ball from a tee he has reason to think may be lost or unplayable. He plays a pro­ visional ball. This also was probably un­ playable. Before leaving the tee he plays a further ball and then goes forward, finds his first ball playable and proceeds to hole out with that ball, recording the actual strokes taken with that ball. Was any penalty incurred? If not, why? A: No penalty was incurred. If a player considers that a ball played provisionally may be lost, out of bounds or unplayable, he is at liberty to play a second provisional ball and so on. The second provisional ball bears to the first pro­ 22 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 visional ball the same relationship as re­ gards procedure and penalties as the first provisional ball bears to the original ball. In the 1949 Royal and Ancient Golf Club code the player was restricted to one provisional ball for a ball thought to be lost or out of bounds. This restriction was removed in the 1951 code when the penalty of stroke and distance was re-introduced. Ball on Lip of Cup in Stroke Play USGA 54-10 R. 25-1, 35-2d, 37-7 Q: Is there any rule in stroke play which allows a competitor to wait five minutes when his ball rests on the lip of the cup to see whether it will drop? I have looked through the Rules of Golf, 1953 edition, and can find no such ruling. The only ref­ erence I could find dealt with match play, Rule 3 5-2d. Cary Middlecoff is reputed to have waited two and one half minutes of a five minute stretch to see whether his ball would drop in a recent tournament on the circuit. If there is such a rule, could you tell me where I could find a book covering Rules governing medal play which do not ap­ pear in the Rule book referred to above? Question by: Ben Feinberg Fairmont, Minn. A: There is no Rule permitting a delay of five minutes or any other specific period. Rule 37-7 provides in part: "Players shall at all times play without undue de­ lay.” The penalty for violation in stroke play is two strokes; for repeated offense, disqualification. As Rule 25-1 prohibits play while a ball is moving (with certain exceptions), the player is entitled to the benefit of any doubt. With specific reference to the putting green, the above is expressed in the follow­ ing note to Rule 3 5-2d, which, while pub­ lished in connection with a match play Rule, applies in principle to stroke play also: "Whether a ball has come to rest is a question of fact. If there be reasonable doubt, the owner of the ball is not al­ lowed more than a momentary delay to settle the doubt.” The Rules of Golf cover both match play and stroke play. Lateral Water Hazard Rule Explained USGA 54-11 D. 14c, R. 33-3b Q: I do not understand Rule 3 3-3b. The word "opposite” seems to to be our nemesis, but the complete sentence is con­ fusing to us also. Perhaps your decision on a specific hole would help clarify the Rule. There is a par 3 hole at Minnesota Valley Country Club which has a lateral water hazard. However, if a player drops his ball within two club-lengths of the margin, he is definitely placing it nearer the hole. I am enclosing a map of the hole. It is played from a low tee up a hill to the green. To the right of the green is a sand trap and then further to the right is a steep hill down to the lake, so that if a ball is sliced, it can easily come to rest in the lake. It is surely a lateral water hazard because no part of it is directly between the tee and the green. If you will place an X on the map to show me where the ball should be dropped, I shall appreciate it very much. Question by: Mrs. C. L. Graham Long Lake, Minn. A: In proceeding under Rule 33-3b, first determine the point where the ball last crossed the margin of the lateral water hazard. A ball may then be dropped at either of the following places: (a) Within two club-lengths of that point, on the same side of the hazard as that point; or (b) On the other side of the hazard, opposite that point, and within two club­ lengths of the hazard margin on the other side. In either case the ball must come to rest not nearer the hole than that point where the original ball last crossed the hazard margin. In the case you cite, the lake appears so large that it is not practical to drop a USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT-. AUGUST, 1954 23 ball on the "other side.” It is virtually always possible to drop a ball on the near side of a lateral water hazard and abide by the Rule. To do so it is sometimes necessary to drop the ball close to the hazard margin. A radius of two club-lengths from the last point of crossing almost always gives ample area in which to drop the ball without having it come to rest nearer the hole. Judging from the diagram submitted, this could be done in the present case. For definition of a lateral water hazard, see Definition 14c. Provisional Ball for Ball in Wafer Hazard USGA 54-12 R. 30-1,2,3; 33-2 Q: In our club a great deal of argument is made over Rule 30-3 and Rule 33-2. There does seems to be a conflict in the penalty. Will you please give me a clari­ fication? Question by: George M. Ball Bushnell, III. A: If a provisional ball has been played under Rule 30-1 and if the original ball is abandoned in a water hazard or a lateral water hazard, Rules 30-2 and 30-3 require that the provisional ball then become the ball in play. The player thus has, in effect, exercised option b of Rule 33-2, and to his score for the hole there must be added the penalty stroke provided for in Rule 33-2. The purpose of Rule 30-3 is to pro­ hibit the player from having the further option of proceeding under Rule 3 0-2a. Ball Strikes Flagstick Attended by Partner’s Caddie USGA 54-14 R. 26-2, 34-2d, 40-3b Qi Two players played their better ball against the better ball of two other players (a four-ball match). A player’s ball struck the flagstick while his partner’s caddie was attending the flag. At first it seemed this would come under Rule 34-2d: "If the player’s ball strike the flagstick when it is attended by or has ben removed by him­ self, his partner, or either of their caddies, the player’s side shall lose the hole.” I quoted this rule but was reminded by one of the opponents that Rule 40-3 b under Best-Ball and Four-Ball Match Play says: "If a player’s ball be stopped or deflected by the player, his partner or either of their caddies, clubs or other equipment, the player is disqualified for the hole. His part­ ner incurs no penalty.” This became im­ portant because the "innocent” partner won the hole. At first it would appear that the differ­ ence between Rules 34 and 40 lies in whether or not what is struck is the flag­ stick or caddies and equipment. However, section 3 g of Rule 40 says "In all other cases where, by the Rules of Golf, a player would incur a penalty, the penalty shall not apply to his partner.” Furthermore, even if the flagstick vs. caddies and equip­ ment has nothing to do with it, Rule 26-2 seems to be in contradiction to Rule 40. If you can straighten me out, I shall be grateful. Question by: Wilmer E. Kenworthy State College, Pa. A: The case is governed by Rule 40-3 b. The player was disqualified for the hole when his ball struck the flagstick attended by his partner’s caddie. The partner in­ curred no penalty, as his ball was not af­ fected. Rule 40-la provides: "The Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at variance with the following special Rules, shall apply to all three-ball, best-ball and four-ball matches.” Thus, Rule 34-2d is superseded by Rule 40-3b in the present case. "Side” as used in Rule 34-2d applies to several forms of play, such as singles, threesomes and four­ somes, but not to four-ball play because a special Rule for four-ball play takes prece­ dence. Rule 34 deals specifically with the flag­ stick. Rule 26-2 deals with caddies, clubs and other equipment carried by the players and their caddies. The subject matter of both these Rules is comprehended by Rule 40-3b for four-ball play. 24 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT! AUGUST, 1954 The Superintendent, the Chairman and the Locker Room by J. PORTER HENRY Chairman, Green Committee, Algonquin Golf Club Webster Groves, Mo. IN my fifteen years as Chairman of the Green Committee at the Algonquin Club, near St. Louis, I have learned that on account of the differing whims and fancies of the members, there is no royal road to a wholly satisfied membership. I have been impressed with the varieties and the difficulty of the problems confronting the superintendent. Without disparaging his excellent work and that of turf foundations, it seems to me that our progress comes largely through trial and error. What we learn seems to be somewhat of a negative character. We learn what not to do. If we try one thing, we wish we had tried another. We are like the bachelor who married late in life. Having gained a knowledge of both single monotony and matrimonial torments, he concluded, “Whether you marry or not, you’ll regret it.” The difficulty stems from the time ele­ ments. Our experiments are year-to-year affairs. It takes several years to determine « the success of any venture. We have ac­ quired answers to some problems, none to others. Our experiences make skeptics of us. We recently spent $4,000 on a reseed­ ing program, preceded by burning the fair­ ways, with magnificent results; but being a little skeptical, I said to the superin­ tendent, "Suppose all this new grass dis­ appears this summer and leaves the same old crabgrass, goosegrass and so forth and the members ask us what we are going to do. What is our answer?” It came very quickly: take to the woods. On the theory of trying anything once, one of my predecessors tried yarrow on the fairways. During the hot, dry summers the experiment seemed justified, but the third hot wet summer proved disastrous. Only a few patches survived and when Miss Joyce Wethered, then British Cham­ pion and now Lady Heathcoat-Amory, was playing an exhibition at our club and no­ ticed the yarrow, she said: "I see you are troubled with yarrow over here, too.” While the superintendent’s job is pre­ carious, let no one contend that the path of the Chairman of the Green Committee is strewn with roses. If a footprint in the sand costs the player a stroke, he rarely fails to tell the Chairman about it. If the topdressing on the green is too heavy or the cut of the green too short or too long USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 25 to suit his style or if long and continuous rain in hot weather seems to justify the closing of the course or if he loses his ball in the leaves or the rough, it is the Chairman who invariably hears about it. The Dangers in the Job The Chairman can be an asset or a liability to a club. If he thinks he knows too much about grass culture and mainte­ nance and insists upon putting his ideas to work, the Lord help the golf course. On the other hand, if he knows nothing about the subject and therefore is unable to ap­ preciate the problems of the superintendent, he is worthless as a liaison officer between the superintendent and the locker room. Likewise, if the Chairman hasn’t the courage to risk the displeasure of members when the situation requires, he is failing in an important aspect of his job. Importance of Publicity The smart Chairman adopts a program of keeping his Board and membership well informed in advance of his various moves, and he must have sufficient knowledge to answer capably questions asked of him by the Board and the members. Two experiments illustrate the impor­ tance of publicity. For many years our greens had thinned out badly in the summer. Our superin­ tendent then was of the old school which was reluctant to pay much attention to the agronomists, the agricultural departments or the USGA Green Section. He felt that these theorists could not improve on his wide experience. In spite of my efforts this attitude continued and so did our trou­ bles. Finally, I found it necessary to find a new superintendent, who discovered that our greens were so heavily compacted that nothing short of violent treatment could improve the situation. He concluded that mere tining would not be sufficient unless we tined with very heavy forks. To this end he built a heavy instrument capable of puncturing the green with very large holes. Before the program started, we illus­ trated the problem to our Board and to a good many members who were present. We showed, with bricks taken out of the green, how compact the soil was and, with bricks made with suitable soil, how supple the soil should be. Consequently, when the work began, the members had been fully warned, were conversant with the problem and were willing to endure the temporary inconvenience. A contrary experience occurred when we decided several years ago that we should experiment with five or six of our fair­ ways by chemical burning and reseeding. I asked a reluctant Board to permit the experiment, but no publicity was given to it. After the application of the chem­ icals, these fairways were denuded of grass and the Chairman came in for a tremen­ dous amount of condemnation. The mem­ bers were going to take special delight in replacing him at a coming election. For­ tunately, before the election occurred, our watering system and a favorable season made these fairways so far superior to the others that the members forgot their de­ termination to relieve the Chairman of his job and re-elected him by almost a unani­ mous vote. The condemnation and criti­ cism could have been avoided by means of adequate publicity. Informing the Membership Another publicity expedient was to have a dinner meeting at which a grass program was presented to the membership in order to acquaint them with the problems. At this meeting the Chairman gave a little talk about the grass plant, the function of the leaves and the roots, soil conditions and fertilization and then turned the meet­ ing over to the superintendent for a ques­ tion period. Most members having lawns were highly pleased and they had become acquainted with the course problems. A serious problem with the Chairman is closing the golf course when weather conditions demand. In our district our greens sometimes suffer heavily unless this is done. Here the Chairman must assume the responsibility, upon the advice of the superintendent, and he must not waver in his determination. The Chairman must insist that the super­ 26 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 intendent has only one boss, not 300, and any criticisms or suggestions must come to the Chairman, not to the superintendent. Another difference which has been re­ solved is the desire of the low-handicapped man to lengthen the holes or tighten the greens with bunkers and the desire of the 100 shooters either to leave the course as is or make it easier. This has been resolved by eliminating all bunkers that merely penalize the 100 shooter and installing bunkers at the greens which penalize a bold shot gone wrong. If a scratch player wants to attempt to reach a green on his second shot, a bunker requires a shot to be perfect. But the 100 shooter, who is satisfied to reach the green in three or four, is not handicapped particularly by the tight green. A conscientious Chairman must be mindful of the fact that he and the super­ intendent must exert every effort to pro­ vide the best possible course for the pleas­ ure and pride of the membership. But he has learned from experience that most members are somewhat myopic. The aver­ age member is interested only in the im­ mediate. He finds it difficult to understand, for example, why we should spoil a beauti­ ful green, and his game in the early spring, by brushing and topdressing. Naturally he knows nothing of the consequence of mat­ ting, and therefore it means nothing to him. He is thinking in terms of today’s play, not the many tomorrows. The Chairman must support the super­ intendent in his programs when they are known to be beneficial, even though they risk the displeasure of members. Like the surgeon who may amputate a leg to save the patient, the Chairman and the superin­ tendent must be willing, however reluct­ antly, to displease and be criticized and spoil a few days play, rather than multiply the bad days of the future. No Appeasement For the superintendent and Chairman to do a good job and succeed in giving the most pleasure to the members, they must not be appeasers in order to postpone crit­ icism. They must not be thin skinned and permit the jibes and taunts of a few or even many of the members to get under their skins and tempt them to entertain the idea of throwing in the towel. Acting from a genuine motive—to do everything to build bettter turf for the members’ enjoyment—the superintendent and Chairman must pursue their efforts, willing rather to be replaced than to let possible criticism induce them to avoid a necessary, if annoying, practice. It must not be inferred from the above observation that constructive criticism and suggestions should not be welcomed. In­ deed, they should be invited. In our inter­ est and absorption in our work we often neglect many details of grooming the course, or some detail or inconvenience, and a suggestion or criticism of a member may be a welcome reminder. The Turfgrass Research Program at Texas A. & M. by MARVIN H. FERGUSON Southwestern Director and National Research Coordinator, USGA Green Section The first Texas turfgrass conference was held in 1947. An enthusiastic group attended and during the conference the Texas Turfgrass Association was formed. The purposes of this Association were to foster and support research on turf problems of importance in the state. Since the founding of the Association much progress has been made in the de­ velopment of turf-management informa­ tion. A research program was inaugurated by Texas A. & M. College immediately fol­ lowing the first turf conference. The early efforts were on a relatively small scale, because there was a scarcity of funds for support of the work. Accumulation of a large number of different types of bermu­ dagrass which were known to exist in the turf areas of the state was considered to be a matter of primary importance. The USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 27 The Texas A. & M. College Golf Course is located adjacent to the campus. Pictured above is the No. 1 green, with the Administration Building in the background. In addition to its value as a recrea­ tional facility, the golf course provides an excellent opportunity for carrying on turf investigations under playing conditions. major emphasis was placed upon the selec­ tion and evaluation of desirable turf types. Evaluation of Bermuda Types The selections which were brought to­ gether were evaluated on their performance relative to turf quality for such purposes as golf-course putting greens, fairways, tees, home lawns, athletic fields, road shoul­ ders, airfields and cemeteries. Since the in­ ception of this program some 125 selec­ tions have undergone field-plot testing and evaluation for various turf purposes. Sev­ eral fine-leaved strains have been deter­ mined to be capable of producing superior putting-green turf. These include T-8, T-ll, T-3 5A and T-94. Of these, T-3 5A and T-94 have demonstrated marked su­ periority and are beginning to find con­ siderable use on golf courses. Broader- leaved strains which have appeared to be outstanding are T-22, T-47 and U-3. U-3 was selected at Beltsville but has been included in these tests for purposes of com­ parison. T-47 is an especially vigorous compact strain which appears to be excel­ lent for heavy-use areas. It is expected that a great many athletic fields will be planted to this strain as soon as vegetative material becomes available commercially. The turf research program in Texas has not been confined to the field plots at the Experiment Station. Because of geographi­ cal and climatic variations within the state, it has been necessary to conduct tests in more than one location. Under the joint sponsorship of the Texas Turfgrass Asso­ ciation and the Texas Agricultural Experi­ ment Station, field tests have been estab­ lished in Wichita Falls (Park Department), Dallas (Park Department), San Antonio (Park Department), Lubbock (Texas Technological College) and on numerous golf courses throughout East Texas where putting-green strains are being evaluated. The research program at Wichita Falls has been quite extensive. In actual numbers of plots, the program has exceeded that being conducted at College Station. Much valuable information has been gained from this field testing program. Testing Nutrient Requirements One of the outstanding tests conducted at both College Station and at Wichita Falls has been a rather elaborately designed test for determining the nutrient require­ ments of bermudagrass. This experiment was conducted by use of a factorial de­ sign in which four rates of nitrogen (0, 4, 8 and 12 pounds of N per 1,000 square feet, respectively) per year were used; four corresponding rates of P2O5 and K2O were used. These treatments were applied in all possible combinations and were rep­ licated three times. The work is continu­ ing but results to date have indicated that bermudagrass in Texas needs at least 8 28 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 Turf Management The book “Turf Management,” sponsored by the United States Golf Association and edited by Prof. H. B. Musser, is a complete and authoritative guide in the practical development of golf-course turfs. This 354-page volume is available through the USGA, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y., the USGA Green Section Re­ gional Offices, the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 350 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y., or local bookstores. The cost is $7. pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet per year. Indications are that if plenty of water is available and if the turf can be mowed frequently, bermudagrass can use efficiently as much as 12 pounds of nitro­ gen per 1,000 square feet per year and possibly more. Phosphorus and potash have shown less effect than nitrogen on turf quality. It is believed, however, that on soils that are naturally low in phosphorus and potash some additional amounts of these nutrients should be applied.. Current rec­ ommendations based on these tests call for the application of 10-5-5 fertilizer in the spring and the use of straight nitrogen materials thereafter throughout the year. Financial support for the Texas turf research program has come from state ap­ propriations and from grants - in - aid. Grants-in-aid have been made by the USGA Green Section, the Texas Golf Association, the American Cyanamid Company and Goldthwaite’s Texas Toro Company. In addition to these grants, many smaller con­ tributions by individuals and other organ­ izations have been made to the program. The largest single source of support has been from Goldthwaite’s Texas Toro Com­ pany. Their substantial contributions of money and supplies in the early days of the Texas program kept it going. At the present time, state appropriations repre­ sent the major source of financial support, with services and supplies still being con­ tributed by Goldthwaite’s. In July, 1953, USGA Green Section es­ tablished a regional office at Texas A. & M. College in cooperation with the Agronomy Department of the Agricultural Experi­ ment Station. Shortly thereafter an assist­ antship was established for the purpose of studying physical properties of soils as re­ lated to putting - green turf. Raymond Kunze was chosen to fill this assistantship, and at the present time he is engaged in research having to do with physical prop­ erties of soils. It is expected that this study will yield a great deal of valuable informa­ tion relative to the construction of putting greens. Experiments Under Playing Conditions A cooperative relationship has been es­ tablished recently between Texas A. & M. College Golf Course and the Department of Agronomy. Henceforth, turfgrass re­ search work will be done on the golf course under actual playing conditions. This ar­ rangement will provide efficient mainte­ nance because the turf on the golf course must be maintained regularly and the labor for research purposes may be conserved. This arrangement offers an opportunity to test strains and management practices under actual play, thereby getting away from one of the criticisms that is ordinari­ ly leveled at turf research at State Experi­ ment Stations, namely, the conducting of experimental work without traffic. It is believed that golfers at the College Golf Course will exhibit considerable interest in research work being conducted and that the small amount of inconvenience that may be caused them will be more than off-set by their interest in what is being done for the betterment of turf. At the present time, under the leader­ ship of Dr. Ethan Holt, the Texas A. & M. turf-research program is one of the out­ standing programs in the nation. Dr. Holt has numerous plans for future work. Among them are programs of Dallisgrass control research, continued fertilizer re­ search, investigations in the establishment of winter greens and the efficient transition from winter greens to summer greens. There are many problems confronting turf growers in the Southwest, and it is be­ lieved that the facilities and personnel at Texas A. & M. College are in a good posi­ tion to solve them. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 29 Keep Your Collars Neat How do the collars on your putting greens look? Are they ragged and worn, or are they well kept and nicely manicured? A great many putting-green collars ap­ pear to be rather thin, somewhat weedy and showing the effects of too much wear. In contrast to this, there are superintend­ ents who are able to keep collars of putt­ ing greens in very nice condition, making a beautiful frame around the putting green. A great deal of the difference is in the manner in which the mowers are turned at the edge of the putting green. Most super­ intendents have their men make one or more circles around the green with the putting-green mower before starting to mow crosswise. The mower sometimes is turned on the putting surface but more often is turned on the collar. This turning naturally brings about more wear and more compaction on the collar. Some addi­ tional wear at these points cannot be avoided. Frequently, however, the grass seems actually to be burned by the friction of the driving roller on the mower. Fast turning, with the mower running at full speed, contributes to this situation. A Solution It is believed that collars could be kept in better condition if the man were in­ structed to throttle the mower down when he comes to the edge of the green, turn it slowly on the collar, making a wide circle, and then to accelerate again after he is back on the putting surface and has begun to mow. In many cases the desire to hurry the operation prompts superintendents to teach their men to turn the mowers rapidly without much, if any, throttling down of the engine, even though the superintendent realizes that such rapid, sharp turning causes a great amount of friction and con­ sequent damage to the collar of the putting green. It is believed to be poor economy to do a job so rapidly that the turf around the green is damaged. especially important in the areas where there are bermudagrass fairways and bent­ grass greens. In order to prevent the en­ croachment of bermudagrass into the bent greens, it is necessary to maintain a pro­ tective collar of bentgrass. This bentgrass is difficult to maintain at best. When mow­ er damage contributes to the difficulties, it becomes almost impossible. Cuffing at Intermediate Height There is another matter which deserves some thought in the maintenance of putt­ ing-green collars. That is the change in mowing height from the collar to the putting surface. There are golf courses on which the height of the turf on the collar is the same as the height of the turf on the fairway. This may range from three-quar­ ters to one and a half inches. In contrast, the putting green is maintained at a quarter of an inch. It may be seen that this differ­ ential mowing produces a very abrupt change. Sometimes golf balls may lodge against this shoulder of higher turf and a difficult lie is provided. One solution to this problem is to make a couple of turns around the putting green collar with the mower set at an intermedi­ ate height so that there is not the abrupt change in mowing heights. An easy method for maintaining this intermediate height was described in the USGA Western Turf­ letter of August, 1953. An account is given of a device built by Forrest Bishop, superintendent of the Tri-City Country Club, Kennewick, Wash. Mr. Bishop ex­ tended the shaft of the scalping roller on each side of his greens mower so that this shaft would hold three and one-half inch pulleys, which acted as snap-on wheels for rapid conversion of the greens mower to a collar mower. These pulleys raised the height of the cutting blade just enough to give an intermediate height of mowing. This saves the necessity for having a special mower for this job and it does not require adjustment of the mower blades. A good looking collar is important on a The matter of keeping good collars is shirt or on a putting green. 30 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENTS AUGUST, 1954 New Grasses from Pennsylvania Pennlu creeping bentgrass and Pennlawn creeping red fescue are two new strains that have been released by Pennsylvania State University. The Pennlu strain of creeping bentgrass was taken from the seventeenth green of the LuLu Temple Golf Course, near Phila­ delphia, and sent to the Pennsylvania Agri­ cultural Experiment Station in 1937. It was increased and was first subjected to turf quality tests as a putting green in the fall of 1939. Performance records were secured in the fall of 1940 and in 1941. Active turf testing was discontinued from 1942-1945. The following is from the release pub­ lished by the Pennsylvania State University: "Turf quality evaluations, based on the weighted factor method, have been made on these strains, plus twenty-nine others which have been included in the trials from time to time as poorly performing strains were discarded, for a one to six year period (1947-1952). "Results of the field plot trials showed that 10(37)4 (Pennlu) was significantly better than any other of the twenty-three strains tested continuously for the full six-year period. Also, it was as good or significantly better than any other of forty-three strains tested for three years (1950-1952). Recognized named strains with which Pennlu has been compared for three years or more in this series of trials include Congressional, Toronto, Arling­ ton, Collins, Cohansey, Metropolitan and Washington. "Characteristics of the Pennlu strain that are chiefly responsible for its consistently good performance are high disease toler­ ance, good vigor, density and texture, and ability to withstand a wide temperature range (high and low). "This strain has been evaluated pri­ marily for use on golf-course greens and similar specialized turf. It has been re­ leased by the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station as a superior variety for such use. It is not recommended for gen­ eral lawn turf. "A limited quantity of Breeder’s material for vegetative propagation of foundation planting stock is maintained by the Penn­ sylvania Agricultural Experiment Station and can be secured by application through State Experiment Stations or Crop Im­ provement Associations to Foundation Seed Stocks of the Pennsylvania State Univer­ sity. The price of this material is $10 per square foot of nursery stock.” The Pennlawn ^strain of creeping red fescue has resulted from a breeding and selection program that was begun in 193 8. The official release published by the Penn­ sylvania State University describes in con­ siderable detail the synthesizing procedure and the testing. The following paragraphs are quoted from the published information released by the University: "It is believed that the significantly bet­ ter quality of the Pennlawn variety is due chiefly to: "1. Greater tolerance to leaf spot disease. "2. Better foliage density. "3. Faster rate of spread by underground root stocks. "4. Greater ability to withstand close dipping. "Pennlawn is not immune to the leaf- spot disease. It is, however, more tolerant to them. It is not attacked as severely and recovers much more rapidly. It seldom be­ comes cuppy and open due to severe injury from this source when cared for properly. While its rate of spread is not as rapid as good Kentucky bluegrass, it approaches the bluegrass in this respect. It has the same degree of shade tolerance common to the ordinary Chewings and creeping red forms and also the same general tolerances to soil fertility and moisture. "Based on its performance records to date and the high quality of the parent strains the Pennsylvania Agricultural Ex­ periment Station believes the Pennlawn to be a superior variety and that it will produce significantly better turf than any other type of fescue presently available.” USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 31 COMING EVENTS Aug. 19, 20 Sept. 27. 28 Twenty-third Annual Turf Field Days, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. Dr. J. A. DeFrance. Midwest Regional Turf Foundation Field Days, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. William H. Daniel. Sept. 8, 9 Turf Field Days, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pa. Prof. H. B. Musser. Sept. 30 Northern California Turfgrass Conference, Uni­ versity of California, Davis, Cal. R. M. Hagan. Oct. 4, 5 Sept. 14 Annual Turf Field Day, Westwood Country Club, St. Louis, Mo. Leo Bauman. Southern California Conference on Turf Cul­ ture, University of California, Los Angeles, Cal. V. T. Stoutemyer. Sept. 15 First Annual Rocky Mountain Turfgrass Con­ ference, Colorado A. & M. College, Ft. Collins, Colo. Prof. A. M. Binkley. Sept. 17 Utah Turfgrass Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah. A. R. Emery, 721 East, 3120 South, Salt Lake City, Utah. Sept. 21, 22 Eighth Annual Regional Turf Conference. State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash. A. G. Law. Oct. 7, 8 Arizona Turfgrass Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. J. S. Falkner. Nov. 8-12 American Society of Agronomy Annual Meet­ ing. St. Paul, Minn. Dec. 6-8 Oklahoma Turf grass Conference. Stillwater, Okla. Dr. Wayne Huffine. Dec. 13-15 Texas Turfgrass Conference. College Station, Texas. Dr. Ethan Holt. SUBSCRIBERS TO GREEN SECTION RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FUND American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y. Americus Country Club, Americus, Ga. Eberhard Anheuser, St. Louis, Mo. Augusta Country Club, Augusta, Ga. William F. Bell, Pasadena, Cal. The Clapper Co., West Newton, Mass. W. A. Cleary Corp., New Brunswick, N. J. G. L. Cornell Co., Bethesda, Md. Country Club of Columbus, Ga. Davison Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Bob Dunning-Jones, Inc., Tulsa, Okla. Henry C. Glissman, Omaha, Neb. Goldthwaite’s Texas Toro Co., Forth Worth- Houston-Dallas, Texas Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, St. Charles, Ill. Highland Country Club, LaGrange, Ga. Indian Creek Country Club, Miami Beach, Fla. Jacobsen Manufacturing Co., Racine, Wis. Robert Trent Jones, New York, N. Y. Harry Kenyon, Sandusky, Ohio The Lafkins Golf & Lawn Supply Corp., White Plains, N. Y. S. G. Leoffler Co., Washington, D. C. Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, New York, N. Y. 32 Marietta Country Club, Marietta, Ga. Meadowbrooks Country Club, Atlanta, Ga. Merry Grass Nursery, Spring Hill, Ala. Mid-Atlantic Association of Golf Course Su­ perintendents, Baltimore, Md. Northrup, King & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Old Orchard Turf Nurseries, Madison, Wis. J. C. Oliger Seed Co., Akron, Ohio Pensacola Country Club, Pensacola, Fla. Ponte Vedra Club, Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla. Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., Duluth, Minn. River Oaks Country Club, Houston, Texas Sedgefield Club, Greensboro, N. C. Sewerage Commission of the City of Mil­ waukee, Wis. A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc., Chicopee, Mass. Standard Manufacturing Co., Cedar Falls, Iowa Summit Hall Turf Farm, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md. T. T. Taylor, Harrison, N. Y. Timuquana Country Club, Jacksonville, Fla. Toro Manufacturing Corp., Minneapolis, Minn. Valentine Turfgrass Nursery, Worton, Md. Vaughan’s Seed Co., Chicago, Ill. Warren’s Turf Nursery, Palos Park, Ill. F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Inc., Milford, Conn. The Worthington Ball Co., Elyria, Ohio USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1954 ITS YOUR HONOR Expression of Gratitude To the USGA: I wish I had the ability to describe properly my gratitude to golf for the great pleasures, the vivid (but soon forgotten) disappointments and the health it has given me. From the health point of view, I really credit it with being, perhaps, a life saver for me, at least a life prolonger. Although now more than 70 and my wife more than 60, we feel it a wonderful privilege to be able still to enjoy together several nine-hole rounds each week. We have never had low handicaps nor have we collected many trophies. During the about forty years I have played a businessman’s game week-ends, vacations, etc. I have never made a hole in one. In fact, in all that time I have seen only one made. Nevertheless, we have and still do enjoy it. So we feel we would like to make a contribution, even though small, to "Golf House” and the USGA as a grateful tribute to the excellent work you have done for this grand game, your splendid leadership in pop­ ularizing it and helping to keep it on such a high level of true sportsmanship and courtesy. James L. Hall San Francisco, Cal. Exemption of Ex-Champions To the USGA: As just another golfer, I would like to protest your new ruling which com­ pels all former Champions to qualify for the Open in the future. (Editor’s Note: The last five winners will con­ tinue to be exempt.) Many of us who play and enjoy Editor's Note: The USGA Journal invites comments on matters relating to the welfare of the game and will publish them if space permits. watching golf have never seen some of these former greats in action, for one reason or another. Furthermore, would you eliminate such men as Sam Snead or Ben Hogan when, in a few years, they start going downhill? It seems to me that by extending the tournament a day, the problem could be solved without any trouble. Per­ haps another alternative would be to have a Senior Open, limited to golfers over 50 or some other age. Whatever the solution—and I’m convinced there is one—I think your present stand is 100 per cent wrong. Ed Van Horn New York, N. Y. To the USGA: The writer feels the urge to drop a note to your organization after read­ ing an article by Joe Williams of the New York World-Telegram and Sun. I imagine the reasons which prompt­ ed the recent USGA ruling regarding former Open Champions’ automatic right to play this tournament were many and justified. In competitive athletics, people pay to see performance and not "gracious companionship.” If, as Mr. Williams says, the maximum number of places to be gained is five or six which will be filled by a like number of strays from the Missing Persons Bureau, repre­ sented by our career caddies, then per­ haps he had better take a look into the past of some of our best golfers today. Let Mr. Williams champion a few of these so-called "strays from the Missing Persons Bureau” as he has our illustrious old campaigners. I favor your ruling and honestly believe it will prove beneficial to all. John R. Babeuf New York, N. Y. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST. 1954 33 USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PRESIDENT Isaac B. Grainger, New York, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENTS John D. Ames, Chicago, III. Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. SECRETARY Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. TREASURER Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. William P. Castleman, Jr., Dallas, Texas Thomas H. Choate, New York, N. Y, John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. Frederick L. Dold, Wichita, Kansas John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. Gordon E. Kummer, Milwaukee, Wis, Edward E. Lowery, San Francisco, Cal. F. Warren Munro, Portland, Ore. GENERAL COUNSEL Fraser M. Horn, New York, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. CHAMPIONSHIP: John D. Ames. Chicago, III. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, Pa. MEMBERSHIP: John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. GREEN SECTION: T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Harrison F. Flippin, Ardmore, Pa. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. PUBLIC LINKS: Frederick L. Dold, Wichita, Kansas HANDICAP: William O. Blaney, Boston, Mass. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. MUSEUM: Edward E. Lowery, San Francisco, Cal. "GOLF HOUSE" FUND: Daniel A. Freeman, Jr., New York, N. Y. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House", 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Joseph C. Dey, Jr., Executive Director John P. English, Assistant Executive Director USGA GREEN SECTION South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. USGA GREEN SECTION NORTHEASTERN OFFICE Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J. Alexander M. Radko, Northeastern Director USGA GREEN SECTION WESTERN OFFICE Box 241, Davis, Cal. Charles G. Wilson, Western Director USGA GREEN SECTION SOUTHWESTERN OFFICE Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Southwestern Director and National Research Coordinator USGA GREEN SECTION SOUTHEASTERN OFFICE Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. B. P. Robinson, Southeastern Director