ISGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT THREE FLAGS FLY TOGETHER An impressive flag-raising ceremony was held before the start of the third Americas Cup Match at the Mexico City Country Club. The captain of each team hoisted his nation's colors. Teams, left to right, are those of Canada, United States and Mexico. United States won the trophy. NOVEMBER, 1956 US6A JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT Published by the United States Golf Association Permission to reprint articles herein is freely granted (unless specifically noted otherwise} provided credit is given to the USGA Journal VOL. IX, No. 6 NOVEMBER, 1956 Through The Green ............................................................................................................................. Good Feeling Fills The Americas Gup ...............................................................Joseph C. Dey, Jr. You’ve Got To Be Lucky To Win—Once ............................................................John P. English USGA Nominees For 1957 .................................................................................................................. Miss Stewart Adds To International Honors .................................................................................... Miss Gunderson Proves Truth Of An Epigram ................................................................................. A Golden Anniversary Of Teaching Golf ............................................................Harry L. Staley History Of The Game In ‘Golf House’ Art .................................................... Paul R. MacDonald What A Championship Means To A Club .................................................Leonard A. Blackburn This Is Your Life — Colonel Bogey ................................................................... Ralph W. Miller The Referee ........................................................................................................................................... Turf Management: USGA Green Section A Summary Of Turfgrass Weed Control Tests ......................................... B. P. Robinson What Is A Golf Course Superintendent? ..................................... Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson It’s Your Honor: Letters ................................................................... .................................................. 1 5 8 11 12 14 16 17 18 20 22 26 29 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 EAST 38th ST., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence should be sent to the above address. Entered as Second-class Matter March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 8, 1879. Additional entry at Post office in Sea Cliff, L. I., N. Y. Edited by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and John P. English. Managing Editor: Harry L. Staley. All articles voluntarily contributed. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1957 Championship or Team Match Open Entries Close May 16 Championships Sectional Qualifying Rounds Date of Event June 3 June 13-14-15 Women's Open June 14 None June 27-28-29 Junior Amateur June 14 July 2 July 17-20 Amateur Public Links Girls' Junior Women's Amateur ’June 20 +July 7-13 July 26 Aug. 2 None None — July 29- Aug. 3 Aug. 12-16 Aug. 19-24 Aug. 30-31 (1) Walker Cup Match — Amateur Aug 8 Aug. 27 Sept. 9-14 Senior Amateur Aug. 30 Sept. 17 Sept. 30-Oct. 5 Location Inverness Club Toledo, Ohio Winged Foot G. C. Mamaroneck, N. Y. Manor C. C. Washington, D. C. Hershey Park C. C. Hershey, Pa. Lakewood C. C. Denver, Colo. Del Paso C. C. Sacramento, Cal. Minikahda Club Minneapolis, Minn. The Country Club Brookline, Mass. Ridgewood C. C. Ridgewood, N. J. Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office, except in the case of the Amateur Public Links Championship. For possible exceptions in dates of Sectional Qualifying Rounds, see entry forms. ’Entries close with Sectional Qualifying Chairmen. tExact date in each section to be fixed by Sectional Chairmen. (1) Walker Cup Match—Men's Amateur Teams: Great Britain vs. United States. Combat Pay? Hunters, apparently seeking rabbits with a .22 rifle in the woods and fields bound­ ing the Knollwood Club, wounded Paul W. Pettengill, of Libertyville, Ill., a Knoll­ wood member, as he was gallerying a sec­ ond-round match during the Amateur Championship. Pettengill was taken to the Condell Memorial Hospital, suffering from considerable loss of blood, but fortunately he survived. Most caddies for the Championship had been pressed into service from the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, and of course were military minded. "Do I get combat pay today?” asked the caddie of James T. Blair, III, on the day after the shooting incident. A Family Project The Frank L. Markey family, of Staten Island, New York, has developed a family formula for the winning of golf champion­ ships. The golfing Markeys have 25 cham­ pionships to their credit, daughter Joan accounting for the most recent with her third club championship at Shorewood Country Club, Dunkirk, N. Y. Mrs. Markey leads the victory list with eleven championships, followed by Mr. Markey with six. Hugh, their son, follows with five and Joan has accounted for three. The Markeys live close to the sixth hole of their home course, the Richmond Coun­ ty Country Club, and Mr. Markey has taught all six of his children to play the game. A Champion's Tribute The death of Mrs. Mildred "Babe” Didrikson Zaharias brought a deep sense of loss to all who knew her. However, as "Babe” had done on so many occasions, she left the scene with the memory of her inspiring struggle for the world to cherish. Recognized largely for her golfing achievements in recent years, "Babe” was truly an accomplished athlete who excelled in basketball, track and field, baseball, and virtually every sport she played. In 1932 she represented the United States in the Olympic Games, establishing records in winning both the javelin throw and 80- meter hurdles. As a golfer she won the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship in 1946, and in the following year became the first American to win the British Wom­ en’s Amateur Championship. Turning pro­ fessional in 1947, she highlighted a dis­ tinguished golf record by winning the 1954 USGA Women’s Open Champion­ ship. But there was more to the career of "Babe” Didrikson Zaharias than an un­ paralleled series of athletic accomplish­ ments. Win or lose, she always gave the game everything she had. One of her final efforts was the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Cancer Foundation, formed to continue the battle she lost. It would be a fitting tribute to the memory of this great woman athlete if the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Cancer Foundation were to result in her greatest victory—help in defeat of the dread disease. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 1 A SECOND SHOT THE HARD WAY Iowa University student Tom Davies refused to let a little thing like a bad tee shot worry him. Playing in the Iowa Open, Tom watched his shot off the ninth tee soar away from the target and come to rest on the clubhouse roof. Undismayed, he climbed to the roof and dropped his second shot just short of the green. Not the prescribed method, but he got there. Des Moines Register & Tribune photo. Recent Golf Literature The Golf Operators Handbook, recently published by the National Golf Founda­ tion, is a planning, building and operating guide for miniature golf putting courses, golf driving ranges and par-3 golf courses. The result of information collected from all over the country, the book was compiled to meet the increasing interest in this type of activity. Included are many pictures of actual layouts and plans for construction of these three types of golfing installations. The Golf Operators Handbook is available through the National Golf Foundation, 407 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 5, Ill. Purchase price is three dollars. "The Story of the R. and A.”, is the his­ tory of the first two hundred years of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, 1754-1954. It is written by J. B. Salmond, and pub­ lished by MacMillan and Co., Ltd., London (St. Martin’s Press, New York). The book presents the history and lore of the Old Course, the old players and townspeople of St. Andrews. It contains illustrations of players and sketches and plans of the Old Course. Among the color illustrations is Charles Lees’ "The Golfers —A Grand Match Played on St. Andrews Links.’’ It has been about fifty years since Mr. H.S.C. Everard’s "History of the Royal and Ancient Club” was published in 1907. Everard’s book has been the standard work on this subject. Salmond’s volume is broad­ er in scope and fills in the past fifty years. It contains many entertaining anecdotes and constitutes a valuable contribution to the written heritage of the game. The fore­ word is by Bernard Darwin, Captain of the Club in 1934. 2 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA Regular Chickasha Country Club, Okla. Del Norte Golf Club, Cal. Desert Inn Country Club, Nev. Gaylord Country Club, Mich. Grangeville Country Club, Idaho Las Vegas Golfers' Assoc. Nev. Leavenworth Country Club, Kans. New London Country Club, Conn. New Richmond Golf Club, Wis. Old Lyme Country Club, Conn. Piqua Country Club, Ohio Sauk Centre Country Club, Minn. Springfield Country Club, Mass. Associate Oklahoma University Golf Course, Okla. The Wm. and Kate B. Reynolds Memorial Park, N. C. They Scored Their Age Before the ink was dry on the Septem­ ber issue of the USGA JOURNAL, Mr. Mountford S. Orth, of White Plains, N. Y., joined the select group of golfers we reported had scored their age in an article entitled "Can You Score Your Age?” The feat was all the more satisfying for Mr. Orth, since it marked the conclusion of an eight year struggle to turn the trick. He had missed by one stroke since the age of 71 until he scored a 77 at the age of 79 on October 3 at Westchester Hills Golf Club, White Plains, N. Y. Mr. C. T. Jaffray, of the Minikahda Club, Minneapolis, Minn., is another whose name is to be added to the list of those who have scored their age. Mr. Jaffray, now 91, matched his age with an 80 over his home course. A year earlier he shot a 75 at Phoenix, Arizona. Mr. Jaff ray was a member of the USGA Executive Commit­ tee in 1905. Evans’ Close Call Charles Evans, Jr., had a close call in his quest to play in fifty Amateur Champion­ ships. He injured his left hand severely, and it was so swollen in early September that it seemed he might be unable to meet the starter’s call this year for his forty­ fourth consecutive appearance. But meet the call he did, and in spite of the painful hand he extended young Donald W. Baker, of Santa Ana, Cal., to a 3 and 2 match. SPORTSMAN'S CORNER Pre-tournament favorite Frost Walker was breez­ ing along in his second round match of the Jef­ ferson County (Birmingham, Ala.) Junior GolF Championship. At the end of seven holes of the 18 hole match, he stood 4 up on his opponent, 15 year old Sam Scales. SAM SCALES Young Walker had just smacked a beautiful drive off the eighth tee when he was called off the course because of the sudden illness of liis father. Scales immediately went to Professional Ed Stacks and announced that he would default the match rather than accept a default by Walker. "I feel like Frost should have the match, Mr. Stacks," he said. Walker's mother, uncertain her husband's con­ dition would improve sufficiently to allow Frost to remain in the tournament, was loath to have her son accept the default. She agreed only after the tournament chairman convinced her that Sam had acted entirely of his own volition. Mr. Walker recovered quickly enough to allow Frost to continue in the tournament. Pre-tourna­ ment expectations were realized when Frost went on to become the 1956 Jefferson County Junior Champion, an event made possible by the sports­ manship of Sam Scales. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 3 New Total For Ryerson The last issue of the USGA Journal and Turf Management reported that Jack Ryerson, of Cooperstown, N. Y., had played a total of 1,040 golf courses. Mr. Ryerson was not content to play the same golf course while waiting for the story to appear in print. In a letter to the USGA he reported that he has now actually played 1,080 golf courses. Of this total 1,006 were played in the United States, 37 in Canada, and 37 in foreign countries. Necrology It is with deep regret that we mark the passing of: A. Linde Fowler, former golf editor of the old Boston Transcript. Mr. Fowler, one of the early writers of golf news, joined the Transcript in 1901 and began writing about golf in 1903. He was a mem­ ber of the USGA Museum Committee. Fred Miley, veteran professional golfer. Mr. Miley had been active in professional ranks since beginning his career at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in 1900. Robert L. M. Axt, owner of the Broad­ acres Golf Course in Bloomfield, N. J. John Weitzel, golf professional at Hershey Country Club, Hershey, Pa. Mr. Weitzel was twice winner of the Pennsyl­ vania Open Championship. James A. Donaldson, former golf pro­ fessional. A native of Scotland, Mr. Don­ aldson came to this country in 1917. He served as professional at the Glenview Club in Chicago, Ill., and the Fenway Golf Club, White Plains, N. Y. Thomas S. Serio, of Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Serio had served as a member of the USGA Public Links Committee for the past three years. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1958 Championship or Team Match Entries Close Sectional Qualifying Rounds Dates of Event Location Open May 15 June 2 June 12-13-14 Women's Open June 13 None June 26-27-28 Southern Hills C. C. Tulsa, Okla. Forest Lake C. C. Bloomfield Hills, Mich. Amateur Public *May 29 Links tJune 15-21 July 7-12 (to be determined) Junior Amateur June 27 July 15 July 30-Aug. 2 (a) Curtis Cup Match — Girls' Junior July 25 Women's Amateur Aug. 1 (b) Americas Cup Match — — None None — Aug. 8-9 Aug. 11-15 Aug. 18-23 Sept. 5-6 Amateur Aug. 7 Aug. 26 Sept. 8-13 Univ, of Minnesota Golf Course, Minneapolis, Minn. Brae Burn C. C. West Newton, Mass. Greenwich C. C. Greenwich, Conn. Wee Burn C. C. Darien, Conn. Olympic C. C. San Francisco, Cal. Olympic C. C. San Francisco, Cal. Senior Amateur Aug. 29 Sept. 16 Sept. 29-Oct. 4 Monterey Peninsula Country Club, Pebble Beach, Cal. Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office, except in the case of the Amateur Public Links Championship. For possible exceptions in dates of Sectional Qualifying Rounds, see entry forms. Re Amateur Public Links Championship: *Entries close with Sectional Qualifying Chairmen. t Exact date in each Section to be fixed by Sectional Chairmen. (a) Curtis Cup Match — Women's amateur teams: British Isles vs. United States. (b) Americas Cup Match —> Men's amateur teams: Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States. 4 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 GOOD FEELING FILLS by THE AMERICAS CUP JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. USGA Executive Director MARIO RIVAS and Pedro Suinaga are old hands at both sports and international affairs. Senor Rivas, Princeton ’26, was on the soccer and swimming teams in college and a champion swimmer in his native Mexico; he is now President of the Mexican Golf Asso­ ciation. Senor Suinaga excelled at rugby and other sports during college days in Canada; he is now non-playing Captain of Mexico’s amateur golf team and a former President of the Mexican Association. Thus, with those two gentlemen in charge, it was no wonder that the Americas Cup Match in Mexico City last month completely fulfilled its object of advancing friend­ ship and sportsmanship among the amateur teams of Canada, Mexico and the United States. "Neustra casa es su casa”—"Our house is your house.” So Senor Rivas told the three Teams at a dinner in their honor after the Match. So, in fact, it had been for the Canadian and American visitors from the moment they arrived in Mexico. Before the Match, the Mexican hosts arranged a novel and inspiring flag cere­ mony on the lawn of the Mexico City Country Club. The three teams lined up and each captain raised his country’s flag while a military band played his national anthem. Those present included Ambassadors Francis White of the United States and Douglas Cole of Canada; representing President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines of Mexico was Prof. An­ tonio Estopier, President of the Mexican Confederation of Sports, an official Government agency under the Secretary of Education. The formal symbol of the three flags flying together found warm human expres­ sion in Senior Rivas’ gracious words "Our house is your house.” When such a genuine feeling exists, one need have no concern for the state of relations between nations. The fabric of international relations is woven of many different strands. Golf is fortunate to be able to contribute its small part. The Competitive Side This was the third match for the Americas Cup, presented by Jerome P. Bowes, Jr., of Chicago, former President of the Western Golf Association. The event is held every two years, rotated among the three countries. It started in 1952 at Seattle; the second Match was played at London, Ontario, in 1954. The USGA selects its Team of seven players by exactly the same criteria as used for the older Walker Cup series; that is, (1) playing ability as reflected by records in important tournaments; (2) unquestioned amateur status; (3) qualifications to repic- sent our country internationally. With the playing of the Match in Mexico City for the first time, a full cycle has been completed, and it is now possible to appraise the series as a competition. The U.S.A, has won all three Matches, and with our vast number of good players it is rea­ sonable to expect that we shall continue to win most of the time. After all, our country has 5,300 golf courses and nearly four million players; Mexico has 24 courses. But some important facts must be borne in mind about both of our friendly rivals. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 5 OUR WINNING AMERICAS CUP TEAM Left to right: Joe Campbell, Hillman Robbins, Jr., William J. Patton, Captain William C. Campbell, Ken­ neth Venturi, E. Harvie Ward, Jr., and Joseph W. Conrad. Canada has many really good players. They gave us a close call in the first two Matches, losing by two points the first time and one point in 1954. Jerry Magee, a strap­ ping 22-year-old, lost only to Harvie Ward in singles at Mexico City; he was a semi­ finalist in our Amateur Championship and runner-up in the Canadian Amateur this year. Magee had a round of 34-31-65 in singles. He defeated Joe Conrad of the U.S.A, in a classic match. Starting at the ninth hole, Magee had seven birdies and Conrad five. The Canadian team at Mexico City was without the services of the Canadian Ama­ teur Champion, Moe Norman, whose amateur status came into serious question ten days before the event. Mexico is fast developing young players of skill. This was plainly apparent when Mexico defeated Canada and finished second to the U.S.A. Juan Estrada, aged 20, won all four of his singles in the Americas Cup, having 68-70 for the rounds concerned. Earlier in the season he had a phenomenal 29 for nine holes at Torreon, Mexico. He is the No. 1 player on the North Texas State College team. In Ignacio Lopez, Jr., and 18-year Tomas Lehman, Mexico has other youngsters of promise. With professional in­ structors like Roberto de Vicenzo and Percy Clifford, one may expect the Mexican Team to grow in skill. Americans Clearly Superior But the superiority of the American side was clear throughout, and the final scores were: Foursomes Singles Total U. S. A. Mexico Canada IV/2 18 — 291/2 41/2 8'/2 — 13 2 91/2 — 111/2 U.S.A, defeated Mexico by 14% to 3% and Canada by 15 to 3. Mexico defeated Can­ ada, 9% to 8J/2- 6 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 Play was over two days, with two 18-hole match rounds each day. Three-ball sixsomes” were played the first day and three-ball matches (singles) the second. Pair­ ings were arranged so that players did not meet each other twice. The two-time American Amateur Champion, Harvie Ward, distinguished himself and won all his matches. Ward’s stature as a golfer continues to rise. In alternate stroke "sixsome” play he and Billy Joe Patton had a brilliant nine of 30, six under par. Patton was undefeated in "sixsomes” and singles; he was six under par for the 15 holes of his afternoon singles. Kenneth Venturi and Joe Campbell won all three "sixsomes” points and had a brilliant 31 on the home nine despite painful, cramping indigestion suffered by Venturi. Venturi was unable to play in the three-ball singles the next day. The American Cap­ tain, Bill Campbell, who modestly had not intended to play, was obliged to place him­ self in the lineup and won all four of his points, even though he, too, had been sick the day before. Members of the three Teams were: United States Mexico Canada Capt. William C. Campbell Alejandro Cumming Joe Campbell Juan A. Estrada Joseph W. Conrad Tomas Lehman William J. Patton Ignacio Lopez, Jr. Hillman Robbins, Jr. Fernando Mendez Kenneth Venturi Antonio Rivas E. Harvie Ward, Jr. Armando Rivero Non-playing Captain— Pedro Suinaga Douglas Bajus Robert Kidd George Knudson Joseph LaBlanc Jerry Magee Gordon MacKenzie Douglas Silverberg Non-playing Captain— James P. Anglin AT THE AMERICAS CUP FLAG-RAISING Officials of three countries were present at the flag-raising which inaugurated the Americas Cup Match at the Mexico City Country Club. Left to right: Joseph C. Dey, Jr., USGA Executive Director; Francis White, United States Ambassador to Mexico; William B. Richardson, President of Mexico City Country Club; Douglas Cole, Canadian Ambassador to Mexico; Mario Rivas, President of Mexican Golf Associa­ tion; Prof. Antonio Estopier, President of Mexican Confederation of Sports; Raul Valdes, First Vice- President, and Roberto de la Garza, Committeeman, both of Mexican Golf Association; John G. Clock, USGA Vice-President; C. W. Benedict, USGA Executive Committeeman, Rodolfo Nagel, Secretary of Mexican Golf Association. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 7 YOU’VE GOT TO BE by LUCKY TO WIN -- ONCE JOHN P. ENGLISH USGA Assistant Executive Director QOMEONE with more gall than gallantry once informed a great champion that, after all, a golfer had to be lucky to win a major championship. "That’s right,” the winner of several major championships re­ sponded with gracious blandness. Then he returned the barb: "You do have to be lucky to win— once.” The roll of golfers in position to make that remark, under provocation, is impres­ sively short. When limited to amateurs, it is even shorter. As a result of the 56th Amateur Cham­ pionship, however, one more name can be added to the roll, that of E. Harvie Ward, Jr., of San Francisco. As an appropriate conclusion to a pleas­ ant event at the Knollwood Club, in Lake Forest, Ill., Ward defended his Champion­ ship. It was the first time anyone had done that in twenty-one years, and only the eighth time it has been done. The last to do it was, of course, Lawson Little, in 1935. The others who have done it were H. J. Whigham, Walter J. Travis, H. Chandler Egan, Jerome D. Travers (twice), and Robert T. Jones, Jr. (twice). International Champion Ward’s dominance over amateur golf is not solely national. It is international. He won the British Amateur in 1952 and the Canadian Amateur in 1954, so that, at the age of 30, he has held four national cham­ pionships in three major golfing countries during the last five years. It is nice to be able to report that he does these phenomenal things with light­ heartedness and humility. He is by instinct a sportsman and gentleman. He enjoys the game to the hilt and has the happy faculty of mixing concentration and banter—with opponents, spectators or whoever else hap­ pens to be at hand. At a critical point in the final against Chuck Kocsis, of Detroit, Ward was pre­ paring to line up an important putt which, if made, would increase his growing margin. "Take it easy on an old man, now,” Kocsis pleaded. "I see your lips moving, but my hearing aid is turned off,” Ward cracked as he banged the putt squarely into the hole. While Ward is deadly accurate with both woods and irons and can play, prob­ ably, as wide a variety of shots as anyone in amateur golf, his putter is his best weapon. The final was one of the best—to a point. But, unfortunately, Kocsis, who is a businessman not accustomed in recent years to playing 36 holes day after day, ran out of strokes near the end and the 5 and 4 margin was not indicative of the caliber of the resistance he put up. Kocsis, who first played in the Cham­ pionship in 1930, when Jones was winning his Grand Slam, played the course in par in the morning, and in spite of losing the last hole, went to lunch 1 up. The two finalists and their wives, incidentally, lunched together. Ward Surges Back When they resumed, Kocsis won the first hole with a par to go 2 up, and Ward decided enough was enough. He won back the third with a birdie 3, and then took the last four holes of the nine with a birdie-par blast to go 3 up turning into the final nine. Ward was five under par for the last thirteen holes and three under for the match. That left him 11 under par for the 142 8 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 THE CHAMPION HAD OTHER IDEAS World Wide photo Since 1930, Chuck Kocsis, of Detroit, Mich., right, has been trying to win an amateur Champion­ ship. This was almost his year. However, Harvie Ward, of San Francisco, Cal., the defending champion, refused to step aside. With a 5 and 4 win, Ward became the first man to successfully defend his cham­ pionship in 21 years. It marked only the eighth time the feat has been accomplished. holes required to win seven matches. To complete the statistics, Kocsis was 7 under par for the 145 holes he had to play. There were several critical points at which Ward asserted his ascendancy in dramatic style. In his fourth round match, Frank E. Boynton, of Orlando, Fla., a Rollins Col­ lege boy, went 3 up after five holes and, with a fine barrage of pars, still had Harvie 1 down going to the sixteenth, a par 5 of moderate length. Boynton placed his second squarely on the green. Harvie’s second left him more than 100 yards short. Yet Harvie escaped. He pitched fifteen feet from the hole, made the putt for a birdie 4 and won when Boynton failed on a comparatively short chance for his birdie. That did not end the excitement, how­ ever. On the seventeenth, 190 yards long, Harvie put his No. 4 iron shot no more than two feet from the hole and finally went 1 up with a second successive birdie. They halved the last in pars, and Harvie made no bones about the tightness of the squeeze as he came off the green. Again in the quarter-final round, Ward was called upon by Arnold Blum, of Ma­ con, Ga., to prove himself. Playing solid, one-under-par-golf, Harvie had pulled steadily away to a 3-up lead as they came to the fifteenth, a drive-and-pitch hole. Both pitched their seconds onto the green, Arnold’s stopping about twenty-five feet from the hole and Harvie’s twenty feet away. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 9 Blum had to start his drive now or nev­ er. He took great pains in lining up his putt and stroked it into the hole for a bir­ die 3. Ward took similar pains and knocked his twenty-footer in on top of it for the half. Blum also birdied the long sixteenth in his closing drive. Perhaps the most ferocious of all, how­ ever, was Ward’s semi-final against Joe Campbell, of Anderson, Ind. Campbell looks very much like a young man who may one day win the Amateur Championship, although at the moment he is only 20 and a senior at Purdue Univer­ sity. However, it appeared to be his idea to win this very year. Ward, on the other hand, seemed in a mood to insist on his seniority rights. He played the morning round in 70, one be­ neath par, to lead by a hole, and he picked up two more holes on the first nine of the afternoon. At that point, Campbell tried to call halt. He played the last eight holes in five under par—4-4-1-4-4-4-3-3. The 4 on the tenth was a birdie. The 1 on the twelfth and the 3 on the sixteenth were, of course, eagles. This earned him just one hole, net, and a lasting respect for Ward’s ability to fight back. Ward had played the same eight holes in four under par, to win, 2 and 1. Canada Represented For the second time in the last four years, there was a Canadian in the semi­ finals, and a good one, too. Gerald J. Ma­ gee, of Toronto, a 22 year old, had played most impressively all week and engaged Kocsis while Ward was playing Joe Camp­ bell. Their match was just about as good. Kocsis was level par in the morning and 2 up. When Magee came back with a 34 to the turn after lunch, so did Chuck, and it eventually ended, 4 and 2. In advance publicity, the name of Ken­ neth P. Venturi, of San Francisco, was mentioned as often as any other, and if there could be a favorite, other than Ward, in such a competitive carousel as this Amateur Championship, he probably was it. Certainly, Venturi has the know-how and the determination. He had been leading amateur in both the Open Championship and the Masters Tournament. At 25, he seemed due. Roos Upsets Venturi Yet Robert A. Roos, Jr., a businessman in his forties and a fellow San Franciscan, turned him out sure-fistedly in the third round, birdying the last hole to win, 1 up. While this was one of Roos’ most notable feats, he is, as a matter of fact, an old hand at beating strong players. Joseph W. Conrad, of San Antonio, Texas, the 1955 British Amateur Cham­ pion, who seldom has much luck in our Championship, once again went out in the first round, the 2 and 1 victim of Ed Tutweiler, Jr., of Charleston, W. Va., also an old hand at that sort of thing. Another heralded player who stayed only briefly at the party was Doug Sanders, of Miami Beach, Fla., first amateur winner of the Canadian Open earlier this year. Blum, a fellow Georgian, disposed of him, 3 and 2, in the third round. Knollwood’s role in the Championship was memorably in two particular aspects, among others. It offered the players prob­ ably the finest putting greens most of them had had the privilege of using, and they were quick to admit it. Also, despite a shortage of spectators on the weekdays and a problem in obtaining caddies, it conduct­ ed itself in the most gracious sporting spirit. One is tempted also to give Knoll­ wood credit for arranging such fine, cool weather. The start of the third round, on Wed­ nesday morning, was delayed an hour and a half by heavy fog, but that was the only adversity in the weather. As a result of that delay, one fourth-round match on Wednesday afternoon failed to finish in daylight. Blum and Charles W. Harrison, both Georgians, were even with one hole to go when darkness fell, and Blum won the eighteenth hole and the match the next morning. It was the first time since 1949 that a regular day’s play has been incom­ plete. 10 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 USGA NOMINEES FOR 1957 TJICHAKD S. TUFTS, of Pinehurst, N. C., has been nominated for re­ election as President of the USGA. In addition to Mr. Tufts, twelve of the four­ teen other members of the present admin­ istration have been nominated for re­ election. Stuart A. Heatley, of San Francisco, Cal., and William McWane, of Birmingham, Ala., have been nominated to replace Ed­ ward E. Lowery, of San Francisco, Cal., and T. R. Garlington, of Atlanta, Ga., who were unavailable for re-election. Mr. Heatley, a member of the San Francisco Golf Club, has been a director of the California Golf Association and an officer and director of the Northern California Golf Association. A graduate of the University of California in 1932, he was a member of the golf team for three years. Mr. Heatley is vice-president of the American Trust Company. Mr. McWane, a member of the Country Club of Birmingham, is Past President of the Southern Golf Association and has been a member of the USGA Sectional Affairs Committee for nine years. In the past year he has also served on the USGA Senior Championship Committee and the Bob Jones Award Committee. A 1923 gradu­ ate of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ nology, Mr. McWane is Chairman of the Board of McWane Cast Iron Pipe Co. All other current officers of the Asso­ ciation were nominated for re-election with Mr. Tufts. They are: John D. Ames, of Chicago, Ill., and John G. Clock, of Long Beach, Cal., vice-presidents; Charles L. Peirson, of Boston, Mass., secretary; and J. Frederic Byers, Jr., of Pittsburgh, Pa., treasurer. The Regular Member Clubs will elect their officers for 1957 during the Annual Meeting at the Vanderbilt Hotel, in New York, at 11 a.m. on Saturday, January 26. Isaac B. Grainger, of New York, has been nominated to be Chairman of the 1958 Nominating Committee. Other mem­ bers for this committee are: Edwin C. Hoyt, of Darien, Conn.; Charles D. Hunter, Jr., of Tacoma, Wash.; Lynford Lardner, Jr., of Milwaukee, Wis.; and William H. Zimmerman, of Columbus, Ga. James D. Standish, Jr., of Detroit, Mich., is Chairman of the 1957 Nominating Committee. The re-nomination of the pres­ ent officers for a second year is in accord­ ance with custom. President Vice-Presidents Secretary Treasurer General Counsel Richard S. Tufts.......Pinehurst Country Club, Pinehurst, N. C. John D. Ames.........Onwentsia Club, Lake Forest, Ill. John G. Clock..........Virginia Country Club, Long Beach, Cal. Charles L. Peirson....The Country Club, Brookline, Mass. J. Frederic Byers, Jr Allegheny Country Club, Sewickley, Pa. Fraser M. Horn...... National Golf Links of America, Southampton, N. Y. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE John D. Ames...............................................Onwentsia Club, Lake Forest, Ill. C. W. Benedict............................................Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N. Y. J. Frederic Byers, Jr....................................Allegheny Country Club, Sewickley, Pa. Emerson Carey, Jr...................................... Denver Country Club, Denver, Colo. William C. Chapin...................................... Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester, N. Y. John G. Clock..............................................Virginia Country Club, Long Beach, Cal. John W. Fischer.......................................... Western Hills Country Club, Cincinnati, Ohio Richmond Gray...........................................Country Club of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Stuart A. Heatley........................................San Francisco Golf lub, San Francisco, Cal. Gordon E. Kummer......................................Milwaukee Country Club, Milwaukee, Wis. William McWane........................................ Waverley Country Club, Portland, Ore. F. Warren Munro....................................... Country Club of Birmingham, Birmingham. Ala. Charles L. Peirson....................................... The Country Club, Brookline, Mass. Richard S. Tufts...........................................Pinehurst Country Club, Pinehurst, N. C. John M. Winters, Jr....................................Southern Hills Country Club, Tulsa. Okla. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 11 MISS STEWART ADDS TO INTERNATIONAL HONORS Canada’s First Native-Born Winner of USGA Women’s Amateur Championship WHILE a competitive golfer is still a contender for Championships it is rarely possible to establish his rank in the full sweep of golf history. This is es­ pecially true when the player is a 2 2-year- old young lady and her name is Marlene Stewart. She is scarcely bigger than a minute: 5 feet, 1 inch, and around 115 pounds. More honors apparently lie ahead of Miss Stewart. Yet even now you can ap­ preciate the distinctive place she has earned in golf’s annals. International Champion Miss Stewart is one of the only two players whose names appear on the Wom­ en’s Amateur Championship trophies of Great Britain, Canada and the United States. The other was Miss Dorothy Campbell, who later became Mrs. Hurd—one of golf’s greatest champions. As a young Scots­ woman, in 1909 she won the British and the United States championships. In 1910 she took the Canadian. Before she was through, she had won the Canadian and the USGA titles thrice each and the British twice, besides a host of other honors. In 1910 she moved to Canada, and later re­ sided in the United States until her death during World War II. Marlene Stewart has won the Canadian Championship four times in the last six years. In 1953 she won the British. And now, in September of 1956, she added the USGA Championship to her string, at the Meridian Hills Country Club in Indi­ anapolis. She is the first native Canadian to take our trophy across our friendly border to the north. Only one son of Canada has won the USGA Amateur Championship — C. Ross (Sandy) Somerville, who scored in MARLENE STEWART A very happy Marlene Stewart became the first native Canadian ever to win the USGA Wom­ en's Amateur Championship when she won the title at Meridian Hills Country Club, in India­ napolis, Ind., in September. The victory highlighted an impressive year for the new champion who has also won the British and Canadian Amateur titles, the latter four times. The diminutive Miss Stewart, a native of Fonthill, Ont., was forced to come from behind in a stirring final match to defeat Miss JoAnne Gunderson, of Seattle, Wash., 2 and 1. 1932. He is now first Vice-President of the Royal Canadian Golf Association, and he helped honor little Miss Stewart at a large public dinner in Toronto last month. Both are from Ontario—she from Fonthill and he from London. This has been an abundant year for Miss Stewart. Besides the Canadian and the United States championships, she has won 12 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 the Canadian closed, the North and South, the U. S. Collegiate and two others—seven events all told. During this period she won 31 successive matches. She was graduated last spring from Rollins College in Florida. The vagaries of golf are pointed up in Miss Stewart’s experiences in the USGA Championship last year and this. A year ago she lost in the first round to Mrs. Har­ rison Flippin, the United States Senior Champion in 1955 and 1956. This year Marlene received the USGA Championship trophy from the hands of Mrs. Flippin, Chairman of the USGA Women’s Com­ mittee. It’s as Sam Snead once said: "Golf sho’ is a funny game, though ’twaren’t meant to be. One day you’re a Champion—next day you’re a turkey.’’ Came From Behind There were coincidences in the USGA Championship victories of Miss Stewart and Sandy Somerville. In their final matches, both were 2 down with 9 holes to go. Both won out by 2 and 1. As a matter of fact, Miss Stewart was in a very precarious position shortly be­ fore the final turn—with n holes to go, she was 4 down. That is quite a deficit to spot to Miss Jo Anne Gunderson, a strong 17-year-old player from Seattle who is the USGA Girls' Junior Champion. But Miss Stewart was equal to the oc­ casion, and her steady, polished game pre­ vailed even though she missed three putts from behind nine and four feet in the last eight holes. Miss Stewart’s last three opponents were particularly testing. In the quarter-finals, she played Miss Wanda Sanches, of Baton Rouge, La., who in less than three years of golf has risen to the forefront; she former­ ly was a star pitcher in amateur softball. Miss Stewart won from Miss Sanches by 1 up, and was only one over par in doing it. Miss Anne Quast, of Marysville, Wash., was her semi-final opponent. This delight­ ful young lady of 19 has become one of the finest of our players and is the present Women’s Western Amateur Champion. Miss Stewart was one under par in defeat­ ing Miss Quast by 4 and 3. There was plenty of glory for Jo Anne Gunderson, who at 17 was one of the youngest finalists in the Championship’s history. She played sensationally at times. In the third round she eliminated the de­ fending Champion, Miss Patricia Lesser, who is a clubmate with her in the Sand Point Country Club in Seattle; score was 5 and 4. Miss Lesser, it should be noted, was a most becoming Champion through­ out her year of glory. Next day JoAnne put out another mem­ ber of this year’s Curtis Cup Team, Mrs. Philip J. Cudone, of Montclair, N. J., 4 and 3. She followed this with a 2 and 1 win over Mrs. Helen Sigel Wilson, of Phil­ adelphia, who has twice been runner-up in the Championship. That paved the way for a victory in the semi-finals over Mrs. Ann Casey Johnstone, of Mason City, Iowa, who did not succumb until the last hole, when Miss Gunderson scored a birdie 4 to win by 1 up. In her first five matches, JoAnne was under par three times and even with par Dnce; on one occasion she played the first nine in 33. Fine Sportswoman JoAnne is not only a rising young star but a fine sportswoman. Time after time she spontaneously applauded good shots by opponents, in sincere appreciation of their skill. On the last green of the final match she faced a putt of 10 1/2 feet and Mar­ lene Stewart had one of 11 1/2 feet. Mar­ lene holed hers. Jo Anne’s face broke into a grin. "That,” she said, "makes mine just about 20 feet longer.” That rather typified the fine feeling that prevailed throughout the tournament, fos­ tered by the cordial atmosphere of the Meridian Hills Country Club. The General Chairman of the Club’s committees was Walter Colbath, former Olympic diver, and the President is W. E. (Pete) Wilson, and they, with their colleagues, saw to it that Indiana hospitality prevailed. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 13 MISS GUNDERSON PROVES TRUTH OF AN EPIGRAM Finalist Last Year; Champion This Year I ''HERE is an old saying which has particular application to golf. It starts: "If at first you don’t succeed . . . ” Everyone, including Miss JoAnne Gunder­ son, of Seattle, Wash., knows how it ends. Miss Gunderson knows particularly well because she lost in the final of the Girls’ Junior Championship a year ago and came back to win in this, her last year. Fine Golf Display Where Miss Gunderson a year ago lost to four birdies by Miss Carole Jo Kabler, of Sutherlin, Ore., she made the birdies herself this year. She played the first nine in 33, three under women’s par, and was still three under when the holes ran out on Miss Clifford Ann Creed, of Opelousas, La. Although Miss Creed played fine, level-par golf, she succumbed, 4 and 3, to the finest golf yet displayed in a Girls’ final. The Championship was played at the Heather Downs Country Club, Toledo, Ohio. Miss Gunderson, incidentally, is a mem­ ber of the same Sand Point Country Club, in Seattle, to which Miss Pat Lesser, the 1955 Women’s Amateur Champion, be­ longs. Thus, for a brief period, the Girls’ Junior and Women’s Amateur trophies were held by the same club. It makes one wonder what they raise their young girl golfers on. The two, Miss Gunderson and Miss Creed, have established themselves rather clearly as the best of their day, at this time and on the basis of tournament rec­ ords. Both are 17. Miss Gunderson is a senior in high school and Miss Creed a freshman at Lamar State College, in Beau­ mont, Texas. They had met three weeks earlier in the final of the Western Golf Association ju­ nior, and Miss Creed was the winner on that occasion, 3 and 2. They had also met a year ago in the quarter-final of this Cham­ pionship, and Miss Gunderson won that time, 1 up. Miss Sharon Fladoos, of Dubuque, Iowa, was the phenomenon of the Championship, however, since at the age of 13 she tied for third in the qualifying with an 80 and went right through to the semi-finals, where she lost to Miss Gunderson, 4 and 3. Miss Creed defeated Miss Mary Ann Musser, of Ellicott City, Md., in the other semi-final also by 4 and 3. The three semi-finalists other than Miss Fladoos were all 17 and their eligibility has expired, but in addition to Miss Fla­ doos, all four of the losing quarter-finalists are young enough to return next year. Miss Joanne Bruni, of Laredo, Texas; Miss Julie Hull, of Anderson, Ind.; and Miss Mary /inn Sherry, of Pittsburgh, Pa., were all 16. Miss Vicki Pettit, of Wichita, Kan., was only 14. Qualifying Restored After a one-year trial with an all-match­ play form, an 18-hole qualifying round was restored. There were, however, thirty-two places at stake, instead of sixteen as in the five years preceding last year. Miss Mary Mills, a 16-year-old high school student from Gulfport, Miss., set a qualifying record with a 74, one over par. Her card included an eagle 3 and three birdies, the birdies coming in succession. The previous low was Miss Ruth Jessen’s 75 at the Gulph Mills Golf Club, near Philadelphia, two years ago. In setting the record, Miss Mills out­ distanced the field. The next best score, and only other under 80, was the 78 turned in by Miss Gunderson. Miss Mills lost by a 14 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 WIN OR LOSE—IT WAS GREAT FUN Miss JoAnne Gunderson, left, of Seattle, Wash., is the 1956 Girls' Junior Champion. However, the smile of Miss Clifford Ann Creed, of Opelousas, La., indicates that she is a gracious runner-up. Miss Gunderson defeated Miss Creed in the final, 4 and 3, as both contestants played the finest golf played in a Girls' Junior final. Toledo Blade photo hole to Miss Creed in the second round, but she, too, will have another opportunity at the Lakewood Country Club, near Den­ ver, next August. Seven girls tied for the last six places in match play with scores of 90, and a two-hole play-off was required to eliminate only Miss Lynda Taylor, of Pittsford, N. Y. The play-off was featured by the presence of the Rand sisters of Aurora, Ohio—Miss Marcia, who is 17, and Miss Judy, who is 13—as well as Miss Diana Hoke, of Pitts­ burgh, Pa., grand-daughter of Bobby Cruickshank. Bobby said he had played in numerous Open Championships and never suffered such internal stress as in watching this qualifying process. Entry Encouraging The entry of 71 girls was most encourag­ ing, and just one shy of the highest ever received. However, as so often happens in this event, there were numerous withdraw­ als, and only 58 started play. This, again, was one less than the record. Miss Betsy Rawls, the 1953 Women’s Open Champion, stimulated the girls’ thinking on how they hit the ball in the course of her shot-making clinic on the afternoon before play began, and as a result the girls held her long after her scheduled time to answer questions and analyze their individual grips and swings. It was a most instructive session. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 15 A GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY by OF TEACHING GOLF HARRY L. STALEY USGA Executive Assistant ^rpHOM’S ELBOW”, located a short distance from the 14th tee of the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, in Southamp­ ton, N. Y., is the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Thom. Mr. Thom, a rugged, handsome native of Scotland, is the golf professional at Shinnecock. He has held that position for 50 years. The Shinnecock Hills Golf Club was one of five charter member clubs who formed the USGA on December 22, 1894. The welcome mat is always out at "Thom’s Elbow” and those who make their way across it are numerous; for Charlie Thom has taught three generations of Shinnecock golfers the knack of playing the game. A short time ago Charlie Thom cele­ brated his 50th anniversary as professional at Shinnecock. Members of the club, many of whom are his former students, feted Charlie and presented him with a gold watch. A native of Montrose, Angus County, Scotland, Charlie was born in 1880. Like most young Scots, he was playing the game soon after he could walk. He learned the art of club making under James Winton, then came to America in 1898. His first job was with Spaulding-Bidwell Co., in New York, where he was a club maker by day and a teacher by evening. The latter job paid fifty cents per lesson, plus a fifty cent dinner allowance. In 1900 he became assistant to Willie Davis, then professional at the Apawamis Ciub, Rye, N. Y. His next job was as pro­ fessional at the Lennox Country Club in Lennox, Mass., in 1902. In 1906 he moved to Shinnecock and has been there ever since. Open Competitor As a contestant, Charlie played in sev­ eral of the early USGA Open Champion- CHARLES D. THOM ships. In his first attempt he finished sev­ enth in the 1902 Open at Garden City Golf Club, Garden City, N. Y. He tied for sev­ enth place in 1910. He was at the Country Ciub, in Brookline, Mass., when Francis Ouimet scored his famous victory over Vardon and Ray in 1913. His final appear­ ances in the Open were in 1920, 1921 and 1922. A hale and hearty 76 years of age, Charles Thom is looking forward to his second 50 years at Shinnecock. However, there will be a trip to New Zealand this winter for some fishing. When the winter snows trickle away he will be back at Shinnecock. The fourth generation may need a few lessons from Charles D. Thom. 16 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 HISTORY OF THE GAME by IN 'GOLF HOUSE’ ART PAUL R. MACDONALD USGA Executive Assistant k Rembrandt etching, "The Golf Play- er,” and four oil paintings have been added to the collection of art in "Golf House.” The oils are entitled: "The First International Foursome — England v. Scot­ land,” Painting of a Small Girl Playing Golf,” "Thirteenth Hole of the East Course of the Oak Hill Country Club” and "Eigh­ teenth Hole of the Lake Course of the Olympic Country Club.” The last two paintings are a gift to the USGA Museum by Henry P. Cowen, in behalf of the MacGregor Golf Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. The former paintings and the etching were the generous donation of Mr. George Weinhagen, Jr., of Rancho Sante Fe, Cal., formerly of Milwaukee, Wis. Rembrandt Etching The etching is 4 x 6 inches and shows a view of a man sitting in an inn while a golf player with a club stands outside. The work was done about 1654. This particu­ lar etching was originally in the F. Debois collection in Paris. It is a "First State,” dated 1843, and is considered a rare item. "The First International Foursome — England v. Scotland,” played on Leith Links, 1682, is an oil by Allan Stewart. Stewart was a Scottish painter and illustra­ tor of historical subjects and painted this work in 1919. The size of the painting is 48 x 36 inches. The painting is based on the historic meeting in 1682 between the Duke of York, later James II, who was in residence at Holyrood. A discussion arose between the Duke and two English noblemen of his suite as to whether golf had not been played as long in England as in Scotland. The Duke championed the claims of Scot­ land and quoted Acts of the Scottish Par­ liament of 1457 with reference to the game. Similar evidence not forthcoming for Eng­ land, they proposed to decide it by playing a game on Leith Links for stakes. The Duke selected as his partner for Scotland, John Paterson, an Edinburgh shoemaker who was the best golfer of his day and descendant of a long line of golf­ ers. The game resulted in a win for Scot­ land and the stakes were handed to Pater­ son. He used the stake to build a house in the Canongate, Edinburgh—still standing and known as the Golfers’ Land. He placed a tablet on the front bearing the Paterson Arms with the crest depicting a hand holding a club and the motto "Far and Sure.” "Painting of a Small Girl Playing Golf” is the work of an unknown artist of the English school, circa 1820. The painting is similar to "A Young Dutch Golfer,” by Albert Cuyp and "A Golfing Lady,” by Wybrand De Geest, both seventeenth cen­ tury painters of the Netherlands school. From the costume of the girl, the pose and the background, it is possible that the art­ ist was familiar with these seventeenth century works. The size of the painting is 6x9 inches. The other two oils are of famous golf holes on courses where the USGA Open Championship was played in 1955 and 1956. Together with the oil of the fourth hole of the Lower Course of the Baltusrol Golf Club, presented by Mr. Cowen in 1953, the two oils are additions to an im­ pressive series of oil paintings of which "Golf House” is proud and grateful. Each painting is 24 x 20 inches. All of the paint­ ings in this series are the work of Ralph C. Reynolds. Thus, art which captures the spirit and expresses the beauty of golf is being added to the walls of "Golf House.” It makes a lively, colorful, interesting story of the his­ tory and development of the game. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 17 WHAT A CHAMPIONSHIP by MEANS TO A CLUB LEONARD A. BLACKBURN Former President, Country Club of Virginia, Richmond, Va. TT seems to be the consensus of opinion, some time after the 1955 USGA Amateur Championship was held on the James River Course of the Country Club of Virginia, that it was the most suc­ cessful and memorable golf event ever held in this section of the country. The 55 th Amateur was held under al­ most ideal conditions. The weather was perfect; the gallery was in a gala mood. The contestants gave every assurance and made comments that would indicate their pleasure with the challenge presented by the course, and the hospitality extended to them. The tournament was a success finan­ cially; that is, the auditors’ statement indi­ cated a profit of $1900.00. As the incoming President of the Coun­ try Club of Virginia when the invitation was submitted to my predecessor and the Board, I was not the least bit enthusiastic. As a matter of fact, I was opposed to it. It was the desire of the Board that what­ ever decision we reached, we should have the backing of enough of the membership to assure their support and a minimum of criticism. To give the membership an opportunity to express their opinion, we polled over 800 golf members, asking if they were in favor of holding the 55 th Amateur on the James River Course. Replies were over­ whelmingly in favor of the tournament and many made comments on the card empha­ sizing their enthusiasm. From then on, after the Board’s approval, enthusiasm mounted. Several of us attend­ ed the 54th Amateur in Detroit to get some idea of the work behind a successful tournament. I must say that, at this point, my enthusiasm began to grow by leaps and bounds when I had an opportunity to see what a really grand thing it was to enter­ tain the Amateur Championship. LEONARD A. BLACKBURN After the invitation had been accepted, about two years prior to the time of the tournament, we began to make our plans, appoint a general chairman and executive committee, and then a chairman of each of the major planning and operating commit­ tees. The intensive work was in the year before the tournament, more particularly, in the last three months. It was then that plans began to crystallize and it was pos­ sible to see results of the effort. Early in the planning stages a Boosters Club was organized for the purpose of un­ derwriting the tournament. However, un­ like most groups of this type, composed of perhaps fifty members who contribute from one hundred to five hundred dollars indi­ vidually, this club was composed of 426 golf enthusiasts. Each contributed fifty dol­ 18 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 lars and a wealth of enthusiasm and desire to support an outstanding national event in Virginia. A number of these "Boosters” were not members of the Country Club of Virginia. Some did not live in the state of Virginia but came as far as Chicago, Penn­ sylvania and New York, as well as south of Richmond. For the fifty dollar member­ ship fee, each Booster received one season ticket and was entertained at a banquet at which the officials of the USGA honored us with their presence. Suggested Improvements After USGA officials looked over our course, they suggested minor changes for the tournament, all of which were most ac­ ceptable to us. The changes and improve­ ments suggested were all of a permanent nature. This fact has been recognized not only by the Board, Green Chairman and officials of the Club, but by the golfing members as well. Everything was progessing on schedule and all was in tip-top shape, so far as the golf course and greens were concerned, until two months before the tournament. It was heart-breaking to see greens that were in near-perfect condition deteriorate almost to the extent and rapidity that you could observe it from day to day. We had a condition that prevailed all along the Atlantic seaboard, from the New England States through Richmond, about as far south as an attempt is made to have bent grass greens. We really suffered through this period but, thanks to the USGA Green Section agronomists and local greenkeepers, the greens were pronounced in satisfactory con­ dition for the tournament and they im­ proved daily. Harvie Ward’s score would lead one to conclude that the greens were in fine shape on the final day. The question of most interest to golf clubs entertaining future Amateur Cham­ pionships would probably be: What is the after-effect? One of the strongest factors in a satis­ factory post-tournament opinion is the pre­ tournament enthusiasm. It is important that the planning be timed with the great­ est care—not too long and not too short a time—then followed through at such a rate that those interested can see the gen­ eral program developing in a way that meets with their approval. Enthusiasm will begin to mount with disclosure of what each committee is doing to button it all up on the final day. The atmosphere permeating the entire event, from the laborers on the greens and fairways, through every department of the Club, was most gratifying. Not to be out­ done by the personnel of the Club, the membership warmly and spontaneously welcomed contestants, their wives, parents and followers. Members of the Club took their position of host as a somewhat serious but enjoy­ able duty, and individually assumed the responsibility of seeing that their visitors’ stay in Virginia was a happy one. Memorable Experience It was an experience I shall never forget and one that meant a great deal to me, be­ cause, as I stated previously, I was not en­ thusiastic in the beginning. Possibly my position was brought about by complaints from players against denying them the use of the course. Some of the top-notch 'beefers’ have since commented on the tournament in a most favorable way. Some made statements like this: "I played the course and was delighted to discover that tournament play had in no way damaged the course. We have a better golf course than we have ever had or would have had, had we not entertained the tournament.” Such remarks came from people who had opposed the tournament for various rea­ sons. The tournament was the highlight in the history of the Country Club of Virginia, from a golfing standpoint. It was appraised one of the greatest sporting events ever held in Richmond. I believe that a poll taken today would indicate no possible ob­ jection to a repeat tournament in a rea­ sonable number of years to satisfy the en­ thusiasm of Virginia golfers. It was a wonderful experience for the Club and those who participated in it are proud to have been a part of its success. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 !$► THIS IS YOUR LIFE COLONEL BOGEY RALPH W. MILLER Member, USGA Junior Championship Committee, Los Angeles, Cal. is the Bogey, whose luck is infernal, And happy is he who can win from the Colonel”.* Dictionaries define "bogey” as a "goblin or bugbear—an imaginary object of ter­ ror.” Every golfer is familiar with the term and to golfers in the United States it means, in colloquial usage, a score of one more than par on a hole. Probably no present day junior golfer ever heard of "Colonel” Bogey. In fact, not much is heard of him any more but at one time he was well known at every club and course. Colonel Bogey, and his uncanny skill as a golfer, has been mentioned in countless stories and poems. Some pictured him as a kindly old gentleman and others as a ty­ rant. However, all agreed that he was a good golfer. He was never in the rough or a bunker. No matter how bad the wea­ ther or how strong the wind, he was always on the green in regulation strokes and down in two putts. An Interesting Story The story of Colonel Bogey is an inter­ esting bit of Golf-lore, well worth know­ ing. To golfers, particularly in this country, a bogey score is not to be desired, although every golfer has experienced times when he would have gladly settled for it. Bogey was not always an undesirable score. Originally it was the standard score. In the United States we know the standard score as "par”, the number of strokes a good player should require for the hole, Reprinted by permission of the Junior Golfer. *From The Golfer’s Alphabet, by W. G. Van T. Sutphen, 1898. always allowing two putts on the green. Prior to 1890 there was no such term as "par”. No course had a standard or fixed score for each hole. For centuries Golf had consisted entire­ ly of match play. The score per hole made no difference, just so long as it was less than the opponent’s total. No one even thought of keeping the total score for a round since no competition was based on it. In 1759, stroke play, sometimes called medal play, was invented as a form of golf competition. The total number of strokes per round then became important, but only in comparison with other scores. There was no standard score to compare one’s score with and the score of a player only reflect­ ed his skill as compared with those he played against. In 1890, Mr. Hugh Rotherham, of the Coventry Golf Club, England, originated a form of stroke competition in which each player competed at handicap against a fixed score for each hole. This fixed score was the number of strokes it was considered a good golfer should take for the hole. This was called the "ground score”. There being no rules for such a competition, the club devised rules. The first such competition took place in 1891 and proved very popular. Other clubs soon established ground scores for their courses and competitions against such fixed scores spread. About this time a song entitled "The Bogey Man” was very popular in England. Someone referred to the ground score of a course as a "bogey”, in other words, some­ thing to be feared. The term caught on and ground scores soon became known everywhere as "Bogey Scores”. The theoretically good golfer, whose standard score for each hole was the fixed 20 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 score, became quickly known as the "Bo­ gey Man”. One inspired golfer thought the "Bogey Man”—the good golfer—should have a title, so the honorary title of "Colonel” was duly conferred upon him. Bogey competitions became so popular that there was a need for uniform rules to cover this type of play. The USGA, in 1900, adopted special rules for it and the Royal & Ancient Golf Club followed suit a few years later. Those rules still exist —see Rule 39 of the Rules of Golf. The golf ball used in those days was solid rubber, known as the gutta percha. In 1900, or approximately that date, Mr. Haskell invented the rubber core ball. The new ball would go farther than the old gutta and, as a result, virtually every club and course had several holes which, with the new ball, could be reached in one stroke less than required with the old ball. The new ball was not at once universal­ ly accepted and it was some time before it completely displaced the old gutta per­ cha ball. For quite a time both balls were used, and the clubs and courses did not immediately reduce the bogey score on those holes which could be reached in one stroke with the new ball. On these holes the bogey score became one stroke more than the standard score with the new ball. On the remainder of the roles the standard score was the same with either ball. In this manner, Bogey came to be known and re­ ferred to in the United States as one stroke more than the standard score, which then became known as "par”. However, in many places, particularly in England, Bogey re­ mained the standard score. The "Colonel” thus slipped from his place of esteem as the good golfer and his scores were no longer feared. It might be reasoned that he was stubborn and re­ fused to give up playing with the old gutta percha ball, or that due to advancing years he was unable to score as well. In any event, "Coloney Bogey” occupies an inter­ esting and unique niche in the history and lore of Golf. With his passing he took with him some of the color of that era in Golf history. USGA Publications of General Interest THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. Booklet, 25 cents (special rates for quantity orders). THE RULES OF AMATEUR STATUS, a page. No charge. USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, containing recommendations for comput­ ing Basic and Current Handicaps and for rating courses. Booklet, 25 cents. Poster, 10 cents. THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN'S GOLF, contain­ ing suggestions for guidance in the conduct of women's golf in clubs and associations, including tournament pro­ cedures, handicapping and course rating. 25 cents. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a reprint of a USGA Journal article ex­ plaining the Callaway System of auto­ matic handicapping for occasional play­ ers in a single tournament. No charge. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA Journal article detailing vari­ ous types of competitions. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHT­ NING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. MOTION PICTURES: ' The Rules of Golf—Etiquette," an of­ ficial USGA film (16 mm. color, with sound, runs 17’/2 min. Rental $15). De­ scriptive folder—no charge. "Inside 'Golf House'," an official USGA film (16 mm. black and white, with sound, runs 28 min. Rental $15. In com­ bination with "The Rules of Golf— Etiquette," $25.) Descriptive folder — no charge. List of films on golf available from other sources. No charge. List of films on golf course mainten­ ance available from other sources. No charge. HOLE-IN-ONE AWARDS. No charge. GAMBLING IN GOLF TOURNAMENTS, a re­ print of a USGA Journal article by Richard S. Tufts. No charge. TURF MANAGEMENT, by H. B. Musser (Mc­ Graw-Hill Book Co., Inc.), the authorita­ tive book on greenkeeping. $7. USGA CHAMPIONSHIP RECORD BOOK. De­ tailed results of all USGA competitions since their start in 1895. $2. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT, a 33-page magazine published seven times a year. $2 a year. These publications are available on request „ United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Please send payment with your order. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 21 THE REFEREE Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees Example of symbols: "USGA" indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. "R & A" indicates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. "56-1" means the first decision issued in 1956. "D" means definition. "R. 37-7" refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1956 Rules of Golf. ‘"Where the Bali Entered ' Casual Water R & A 56-54 R. 32 Q.: Under Rule 32-3 do the words "Where the ball entered the area” mean where the ball last crossed the margin of the casual water or where the ball actually entered the water? The query arises from the fact that re­ cent abnormal rain has created a lake across the fairway of one of our links and associates find it a very severe hazard to drop a ball as near as possible to the point where the ball last crossed the margin of the casual water, but if they are able to drop at the point as near as possible to where the ball entered the water the re­ crossing of the water can be avoided. A.: In Rule 32-3 the words "where the ball entered the area” mean where the ball actually entered the casual water, ground under repair or other conditions covered by the Rule, as distinct from the point where the ball crossed the margin of the area in question. If a ball actually pitches in the area, therefore, a ball should be dropped as near as possible to the point where the original ball was seen to pitch, but not nearer the hole. If there is no evi­ dence as to the precise point where the ball actually pitched, a ball should be dropped behind the point where the original ball crossed the margin of the area. There must be reasonable evidence that the ball has in fact been lost in the area. Identification of Ball USGA 56-38 R.16, 23-1 Q.: I hit a ball into a swamp, and after a search we found a ball half buried in its own hole where it had hit into the black muck. There was no identification mark showing on the part of the ball which was visible. I called my opponent over to look at the situation. I explained to him that there was no identifying mark visible on the ball, which he could see for himself. I also stated that by pressing down and forward on the ball with my finger I could easily rotate the ball in its own hole until we could see if it was mine. This I proceeded to do with my opponent watching closely. It turned out to be my Maxfli #5, and I blasted it out. 22 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 When we got on the green, my opponent had two putts for a win and after a poor approach putt called an infraction of the Rules on me. A thorough search of the rules book fails to turn up any infraction, since the ball was not lifted, nor was it moved in any way from its embedded position. Can you give me an official ruling? Question by: Judd Pollock New York, N. Y. A.: If the swamp was not within the limits of a water hazard, you were en­ titled to identify your ball under Rule 23-1 and your method of doing so did not vio­ late that Rule. Rule 23-1 does not apply in a hazard, and, if the swamp was within the limits of a water hazard, you violated Rule 16 by touching your ball purposely and incurred a penalty of loss of hole. Disposition of Prize When Finalist Defaults USGA 56-39 Tournament Q.: In our club championship, the run­ ner-up-to-be could have played but default­ ed in a fit of temper. Does she still get the runner-up prize? Question by: Mrs. Harry S. McCarthy Brunswick, Maine A.: The Rules of Golf do not cover, and the question should be settled by the com­ mittee in charge. Under the custom of the game, the runner-up prize would be award­ ed to the player who defaulted. We believe she is entitled to it unless there are un­ usual factors which the committee con­ siders to be of a disqualifying nature. Players Must Await Decision re Discontinuance USGA 56-40 R. 11-1, 11-3, 36-4C Q.: A four-ball match completed the 18th hole all even and the two teams halved the 19th hole. The 19th hole was played in semi-darkness. On the 20th tee, the second extra hole, a member of one team stated that it was too dark to continue play. This was met with a statement from the members of the opposing team that this being a sudden death play-off, the match must continue. The player protest­ ing continuance of play then declared that he was going to obtain a ruling from the Tournament Committee and began to walk to the clubhouse. His opposing team teed off and com­ menced play on the second extra hole. The partner of the player who was seeking the ruling, after the opposing team had teed off (that team having the honor), then hit his tee shot and commenced play of the 20th hole. The Tournament Committee, upon being approached by the player seeking the rul­ ing, ruled that play must be discontinued because of darkness, and a messenger was sent out to inform the contestants of the decision. By the time the messenger had reached the contestants, both players of the team who had insisted upon playing the sec­ ond extra hole had hit their second shots. The partner of the player who sought the ruling had also hit his second shot. Despite the receipt of information that play was to be stopped, the team continued play and holed out, but the partner of the player seeking the ruling picked up. The Tourna­ ment Committee was then asked to make a ruling and to declare the winner of the match, with the team completing the sec­ ond extra hole asserting that they had won, and the team which had requested the rul­ ing as to continuance of play asserting that the match must be continued under play­ able conditions. The Tournament Committee then ruled that play must be deemed stopped at the conclusion of the 19th hole, and that the match must continue the following morn­ ing commencing with play of the 20th hole. Our reason was that we declared con­ ditions unplayable upon first knowledge that a 20th hole was required, and that where a ruling was requested as to con­ tinuance of play a duty was on the team opposing the party who had requested such ruling to withhold play until the Tourna­ ment Committee could rule. We were met USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 23 with the argument and the fact that the partner of the person requesting the ruling had continued play. At the time the de­ cision was requested the Tournament Com­ mittee did not know that play had started on the 20th hole. We should like to know if we were cor­ rect in our ruling. Question by: James F. DeLeone Columbus, Ohio A.: We concur in your decision. As there was no referee, the player who discontinued play to seek a ruling from the Committee entered a claim properly under Rules n-i and 11-3. The other players should not have continued play until the Committee had ruled on the question. The Committee’s ruling was made in ac­ cordance with Rule 36-4C. The play which took place on the 20th hole must be dis­ regarded. Play Completed When Ball Is Holed R & A 56-83 R. 6, 7 Q.: One of our members playing in the monthly medal competition was playing in the fifth hole which has a blind ap­ proach to the green. He played his third shot from well down the slope and ap­ parently did not see his shot finish. Eventually he came across a ball lying on the front of the sloping portion of the green, and played it up towards the flag. When he was ready to putt he found he had played the wrong ball from the front of the green. On looking round, he found his ball in the hole, having holed out with his third shot. One rule states that, in the event of play­ ing a wrong ball, he adds two penalty shots to his score, ignoring any shot played with the wrong ball. Another rule states that once he has holed out, nothing can be done to affect his score for the hole. My interpretation of the rules was that having played the wrong ball before he knew that he had holed out with his third shot he incurred a penalty of two shots. Some of the competition committee dif­ fer in their opinion, and I should be glad if you could give me a definite ruling on this point. A.: Once a player has holed his ball in accordance with the Rules, he has com­ pleted the play of that hole. In this case, the wrong ball was played after the com­ pletion of the hole, and strokes played with it do not count towards the score. There is no penalty. Your attention is also drawn to Rules of Golf Decision 52-20 which deals with a somewhat similar case. Referee Cannot Authorize Violation of Rules USGA 56-41 Et. 7, 35-lb, 35-2a, 36-7 Q. 1: In the State Tournament only USGA Rules were played. In the final, can the referee, the pro of the club, grant per­ mission to a player to repair a divot mark in the line of her putt? A. 1: The referee had no right to permit the player to repair a ball mark in the line of her putt. Rule 35-lb prohibits the player from touching the line of putt prior to making a stroke (with certain exceptions which do not apply here). A local rule which would permit repair of a ball mark on the line of putt would conflict with the Rules of Golf and should not be adopt­ ed—see Rule 36-7. After the players have holed out, any damage to the putting green made by the ball or the player should be carefully re­ paired—see Etiquette 7. Interference Must Be Physical and Reasonable Q. 2: In match play the player’s ball is approximately four feet from the hole. The opponent’s ball was 2^/2 feet directly above the cup, on a line almost at right angles to the line of the player’s putt, and could never have been a physical, mental or visual interference to the player. May the player who is away ask her opponent to lift her ball? A. 2: Interference in the sense of Rules 35-2a and 35-3a means only possible phys­ 24 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 ical interference. The possibility of such physical interference must be reasonable. It would appear that the player away had no right to ask her opponent to lift her ball under Rule 3 5-2 a. Questions by: Mrs. Maurice Glick Baltimore, Md. Ball in Creek f Carried Out of Bounds R & A 56-80 R- 33 Q.: A creek with running water crosses the fifth hole. This is a water hazard. On the right of the hole is out of bounds. A player drove a ball from the tee into the water hazard on the course. After searching for about four minutes the ball was found out of bounds still in the creek, having been carried out of bounds by the flowing water. (It is estimated that the water carried the ball a distance of about 30 yards.) What is the proper action for the player to take? A.: The player should act in'accordance with Rule 33-2a or b. The fact that the ball has been carried out of bounds by the flow of water does not alter the procedure laid down in the Rule. 4 Treatment of Logs Too Heavy to Move R & A 56-89 Def. 17; R. 29-2; Appendix I. Q.: On a recent mixed foursome Stable­ ford competition, one of the competitors drove a ball which finished up touching a palm tree that had been felled about two years ago and which was lying in the rough a few feet from the fairway. The tree trunk was about 10 to 12 inches in diameter and about 10 feet long. The competitor tried and failed to move the log, dropped out and the partner played on. The competitor reported the matter to the Committee on completion of the round. He claimed that under Rule 31 no penalty would arise as the log was an immovable obstruction. The Committee, however, felt otherwise, so, as under Definition 20, an obstruction had to be something artificial, and a tree trunk, although lying on the ground, was natural and not artificial. It therefore came under Definition 17. While the Committee was still deliberat­ ing information was received that another competitor had, with the help of caddies, rolled the log away as it interfered with his swing. This information was corrobo­ rated by the player concerned. The Com­ mittee therefore imposed a penalty of two strokes under Rule 29-2b. The following queries arise: (a) Was the ruling of the Committee correct? (b) In moving an impediment or ob­ struction is a player limited to the assistance that can be given by his partner and their two caddies, or, in the case of a match, by his or her caddie, or can all and sundry help? (c) Can a tree trunk lying on the ground be regarded as an obstruc­ tion if it is obviously too heavy to be moved? A.: (a) (c) A log being a natural ob­ ject is a loose impediment under Definition 17. It is not an obstruction. The player be­ ing unable to move the log had the alterna­ tive of playing in accordance with Rule 29-2. The ruling of the Committee was correct so far as the first competition was concerned. (b) There is nothing in the Rules of Golf which limits the assistance a player may obtain in moving an impediment or movable obstruction. The second competi­ tor had therefore incurred no penalty and the decision of the Committee in this case was incorrect. It is within the powers of Committees under Appendix I to make Local Rules to deal with situations of this kind and it is recommended that they should do so in the case of large fallen branches or tree trunks which may interfere with the proper playing of the game by deeming them to be obstructions. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 25 A SUMMARY OF TURFGRASS WEED CONTROL TESTS Bv B. P. ROBINSON Southeastern Director, USGA Green Section A PPROXIMATELY fifty materials have been tested for weed control in turf­ grasses at Georgia Coastal Plain Experi­ ment Station, Tifton, Georgia. Testing of the materials has occurred over a period of ten years. Thus, only a few herbicides were screened for weed control each year. Many herbicides were not satisfactory for turf­ grass purposes and were discarded. It has not been possible to test all chemicals or formulations produced by industry. This summary should not, therefore, be used as a recommendation for a given herbicide, but as a general guide for weed control in warm season grasses. Someone has said that "if weeds occur, there is a reason why”. Let’s look at the causes of weed invasion. The many things which may be listed can be classified as: Adaptation causes Nature in all areas produces a balanced mixture of plants and not a pure stand of grass, shrubs, etc. Whenever man disturbs this balance by trying to produce only one plant over a large area of land, nature is constantly striving to invade the area with other plants which are generally undesir­ able. Turfgrass producers have the problem of fitting grasses to an environment. Gras­ ses and other plants produce their best growth in areas to which they are adapted, and less weeds will appear when a grass is used which fits the locality. Management causes Weeds often invade turfgrass areas be­ cause of such unsatisfactory management practices as, poor construction, physical condition of soil, inadequate drainage, too much shade or tree root invasion, misuse of water, failure to prevent contamination from weed seed, damage to turfgrasses, low fertility standards, no chemical weed control program, etc. Methods of weed control may be classi­ fied as follows: Mechanical Mowing devices and other equipment to decrease competition and hand weed­ ing. Biological The right grass for the location well­ managed. The use of improved grasses which will compete with weeds. Chemical Removal of exisiting weeds with herbi­ cides. Prevent establishment of weeds by pre­ vention of seed germination in turfgrass or 26 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 compost and preventing seed formation of weeds. Turf producers have often had the ex­ perience of applying materials as recom­ mended without satisfactory results. The same materials, however, when applied in other areas give good control. This dis­ crepancy may be due to several factors, but the effect of soil properties on herbicides is often very important. High herbicide ac­ tivity generally means good weed control. In general herbicidal activity on a given soil type will vary according to the fol­ lowing: * SOIL TYPE High Activity Low organic matter Low pH High moisture Medium temp. Low volatility Low Activity High organic matter High pH Dry soil High Temperature High volatility Although it is difficult to control soil properties which effect herbicides, the turf­ grass producer may increase the effective­ ness of materials used for weed control by: i. Applying recommended amounts of herbicides to given areas 2. Using additives such as wetting agents, etc. 3. Using enough spray solution for various materials 4. Making sufficient applications spaced correctly The following tables are presented as a summary of the weed control tests conduct­ ed at Tifton, Georgia, since 1946. Only those materials are listed which have been tested and which have given satisfactory control. * Recent Advances In Weed Control in the United States. — W. C. Shaw. Materials Tested For the Control of Annual Summer Grasses Growing in Turfgrasses. TABLE I. Material Sodium arsenite Lead arsenate Organic arsenates Phenyl mercury acetate Potassium cyanate Dinitro Calcium cyanamid Inorganic nitrogens Rate per 1,000 square feet Vz to 2 oz. 10 to 20 lbs. 1 to 2 oz. (actual) 21/2 to 5 oz. 3 to 4 oz. 1 Vz to 3 oz. 20 - 30 lbs. 2 to 3 lb. N dry 1 lb. gal. Hr,0, 4 gal. per 1,000 wet Injury to Bermuda Turf Temporary browning None Slight Discolor Slight Discolor Temporary browning Temporary browning Temporary browning Temporary browning Use wetting agent, apply every 7 days (cyanate every 2) and add % ounce approximately 40% 2,4-D per 1,000 square feet. Materials Used for the Control of Sedges* in Bermudagrass Turf. TABLE 2. Material Rate Injury to Bermuda Turf Dinitro M C P Phenyl mercury acetate Sodium arsenite Organic arsenates Inorganic nitrogen 2 - 4 lbs./Acre IVi - 3 lbs./Acre 3 - 6 oz./1,000 sq. ft. 1 - 2 oz./1,000 sq. ft. 1 - 3 oz./l,000 sq. ft. Temporary browning None — slows growth Temporary discoloring Temporary browning Temporary discoloring 3 - 5 lbs. N per 1,000 Temporary browning *Sedges are known as watergrass, swampgrass, etc. Use wetting agent, apply every 7 days, and use 2,4-D in spray solution at Vz oz. approximately 40% per 1,000 sq. feet. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 27 Materials Used for the Control of Spotted Spurge * TABLE 3. Material M C P Phenyl mercury acetate plus 2,4-D** Potassium cyanate plus 2,4-D Sodium arsenite plus 2,4-D Rate per 1,000 square feet Injury to Bermuda Turf % - I’/z oz. None 4 - 6 oz. 3 - 4 oz. 1 - 2 oz. Slight discoloration Temporary browning Temporary browning ★Spotted spurge is also known as carpet weed, milk weed, etc. ★★One (1) oz. 2,4-D containing 4 lbs. per gallon applied per 1,000 square feet with first application. TABLE 4. Materials Used for Pre-emergence Weed Control in Established Bermudagrass Turf. Material Rate per 1,000 square feet Injury to Bermuda Turf Cl PC Dinitro C M U P M A S 2,4-D ’/z - % oz. actual None 1 - 2 oz. actual Temporary discoloring 1/5 - 1/3 oz. 1 - 2/z oz. Over dosage dangerous May discolor ¥2 - % oz. actual Temporary checks growth Crag Herbicide 1 Ses Crag Herbicide 1 Natrin Alnap 1 F 1 - 2 oz. 1 - 2 oz. 4 lbs. Temporary checks growth Temporary checks growth None TABLE 5. Materials used for General Weed Control. Material Rate Per Acre Plants Controlled 2,4-D formulation Vi I/2 lbs. Pre-emergence broadleaf weeds, clover, wild onion and garlic, prevent seedheads brush, clover wild onion and garlic, prevent seedheads. prevent seedheads 2,4,5-T Maleic hydrazide, MH-40 Naphthaleneacetic acid Dalapon V2 2 lbs. 2 - 6 lbs. 1 - 3 lbs. 10 - 30 lbs. grass killer, edging, cattails and reeds Amino triazole 16 - 24 lbs. grass killer, edging, cattails and reeds T C A C M U 28 60 - 120 lbs. grass killer, edging, cattails and reeds 5 - 10 lbs. grass killer, edging, cattails and reeds USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 WHAT IS A GOLF COURSE SUPERINTENDENT? By DR. MARVIN H. FERGUSON National Research Coordinator and Southwestern Director, USGA Green Section. HAVE you ever given a thought to the qualifications of your golf course su­ perintendent? He is a person of many ac­ complishments. Supervising the mainten­ ance of a golf course in these days presents a diversity of problems. As the technology related to various phases of maintenance grows, the superintendent finds himself hard-pressed to keep abreast well enough to take advantage of the better techniques and materials. Of all the things that a golf course su­ perintendent must be, he must be first a grower of grass. Growing grass under golf course conditions implies a knowledge of many things. The possession of a "green thumb” is not enough, though it may be helpful. A superintendent must know how grass grows. He must be acquainted with the various species, both permanent and weedy types, and their relative strengths and weaknesses. Nutrition The successful grass grower must under­ stand the nutritional requirements of plants, the nutrient supplying ability of his soil, and the kinds of fertilizer which will provide the most satisfactory and eco­ nomical sources of supplementary nutri­ ents. Water needs must be met and under­ stood. This is perhaps one of- the most difficult of the management problems. In the process of insuring that grass receives an adequate supply of moisture but that water is not allowed to "drown” plants, a superintendent must become thoroughly familiar with irrigation and drainage tech­ niques and practices. Growing grass for the sake of the plant itself requires a certain amount of knowl­ edge, but growing grass to perform the functions of a golf course turf imposes a much more exacting set of conditions and an infinitely greater degree of understand­ ing of the abilities and limitations of the species with which one deals. Mowing is a common practice and one to which the lay­ man gives little thought. Mowing is the practice, however, whereby grass is trans­ formed into a usable turf. Good technique in mowing is essential. One need only notice the damage caused by an inexperi­ enced putting green mower operator to appreciate the necessity of proper tech­ nique. Mowing the grass even 1/16 of an inch closer than normal can be ruinous to putting greens in some seasons of the year. The control of pests on the golf course is much more efficient than it was 20 years ago, but the greater efficiency results from more "know how” on the part of the su­ perintendent. There are numerous fungi­ cides, insecticides, and herbicides available to the turf grower, but few of them can be used as general purpose control materi­ als. Nearly all of them are selective in their action to some extent. Knowing which material will provide the best con­ trol most economically and with the least danger to the plant and to the workman is a matter requiring a thorough ac­ quaintanceship with the materials, and sound judgment. Perhaps it is not neces­ sary for the superintendent to be a chemist, a plant physiologist and a toxicologist all at the same time, but he is dealing almost daily with complex materials that can pro­ duce serious effects upon the plants and upon the workmen. It is necessary for him to have as thorough a knowledge as pos­ sible of his materials. In conjunction with his primary duties of producing a turf which will be usable and pleasurable, a superintendent must be a general maintenance man. He must be capable of supervising or wisely contract­ ing the construction and repair of parking facilities, shelter houses, bridges, installa­ tion and repair of drinking fountains, roads, walks, barns, sheds, etc. He must supervise the installation and repair of irrigation and drainage facilities; and he must supervise the planting and care of trees, shrubs and flowers. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 29 LOUISIANA TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION The Louisiana Turfgrass Association was organized September 12, 1956, at the Southwestern Louisiana Institute, Lafayette, Louisiana. Lou G. Vickers, of the Metairie Country Club of New Orleans, was elected president. Dr. J. M. Peek, Associate Professor of Agronomy, Southwestern Louisiana Insti­ tute, was elected secretary-treasurer and research director. The Association plans to hold an annual turfgrass conference and field day at the Institute. Turf­ grass plots have been established and a turfgrass research program under the direction of Dr. J. M. Peek is underway. The formation of this Association greatly strengthens turfgrass management in the Southeast. At the present time there are three turfgrass associations which hold annual conferences. Eight superintendent associations are also active in the Southeast. Needs Businesslike Methods These are the obvious requirements of a golf course superintendent. However, these requirements lack a great deal in compris­ ing a complete description of his job. He must have some ability as a busi­ ness executive. He supervises a plant which represents a large investment by club mem­ bers and which is worth a great deal of money. It is worth money because of the excellence of the turf, the beauty of the trees, shrubs and the smooth operation of the maintenance facilities. The worth of such an establishment is, however, depend­ ent upon constant vigilance and constant maintenance. Businesses which deal with inanimate subjects may be suspended for 30 usga short times without a serious decrease in value. A temporary suspension of opera­ tions in golf course maintenance would be disastrous. A golf course superintendent must use businesslike methods in the preparation of a budget, in the preparation of reports to his governing committee concerning the details of his operations, and in the keep­ ing of records. The records include those of costs of equipment, supplies, materials and labor; inventory records; records of use of supplies and operation of equip­ ment; records of practices performed on the golf course (such as dates of applica­ tion of fertilizer, fungicides, etc.); records of soil analyses; and records of weather conditions. JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 Must Manage Labor Efficiently A golf course superintendent must be a manager of labor. His is the job of pro­ curing sufficient labor (frequently within the limits of a barely adequate budget), training the men to perform their duties properly and efficiently, and of supervis­ ing their activities. The efficient use of la­ bor probably is the area in which the great­ est advances could be made towards in­ creased efficiency and economy in golf course maintenance. There are numerous reasons why golf course labor is not more efficient. Many clubs keep only a skeleton crew during the winter. This necessitates the procurement and training of a new group of men each spring. A laborer who is satisfied to accept seasonal employment is not likely to take readily to the training required to attain an appreciable degree of skill in golf course maintenance. Consequently, the su­ perintendent may have to hire and screen a considerable number of men in order to find a few satisfactory workmen. Even where a club is operated with a stable and well-trained crew, there is room for improved efficiency. The maintenance of a golf course requires a great many dis­ tinct operations which are scattered over a large area. For instance, the man who changes cups and tee markers must visit every green and every tee. He does rela­ tively little work and spends only a short time at each location but his locations are scattered over 120 acres or more. All the greens must be visited by the operator of the greensmower. If the collars are kept at an intermediate height they must be visit­ ed by the man who mows collars. Unless work is extremely well planned, there is likely to be a great deal of wasted time and motion. Cooperation is Essential Cooperation between the golf course su­ perintendent, the pro, and the manager is essential. These are the men in charge of the three main phases of golf and country club operation. Any lack of cooperation between these three results in less pleasure for club members. COMING EVENTS 1956 November 12-16 American Society of Agronomy Meetings Cincinnati, Ohio December 10-11-12 11th Annual Oklahoma Turfgrass Conference Oklahoma A. & M. College Stillwater, Oklahoma Dr. Wayne W. Huffine December 10-11-12 11th Annual Texas Turfgrass Conference Texas A. & M. College College Station, Texas Dr. Ethan C. Holt 1957 January 17-18 Mid-Atiantic Annual Turf Conference Lord Baltimore Hotel Baltimore, Maryland Dr. George S. Langford January 21-24 Rutgers University Turf School Rutgers University New Brunswick, N. J. Dr. Ralph E. Engel February 10-15 Golf Course Superintendents 28th National Turf­ grass Conference and Show Kentucky Hotel Louisville, Kentucky February 18-21 Agar M. Brown Penn State Turfgrass Conference The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pa. February 27-28-March 1: Prof. H. B. Musser Minnesota Turf Conference 28th Annual Meeting Minneapolis, Minn. Cooperative effort goes hand in hand with keeping others concerned with the club activities informed. Evidence of a su­ perintendent’s cooperative attitude may be expressed in the form of informative notes relative to course operation which he may discuss with the professional, the manager, and the chairman of his committee, and which he may place on the bulletin board. The superintendent must find the plane upon which he can meet and discuss his problems with his employers. No two su­ perintendents may be able to meet the situ­ ation in exactly the same way. It is im­ portant, however, that the superintendent be able to maintain the confidence of the membership in his work. Most often this can be done by keeping the members in­ formed and by presenting good reasons for his activities when asked. Many superin­ USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 31 tendents find that their presence in the locker room on a busy afternoon is help­ ful in satisfying members who may have complaints about the course. The better superintendents of this day feel the need of sharing knowledge with one another. They cooperate in educational endeavors. They attend turf conferences and local superintendents association meet­ ings. New information relative to products and practices is being developed constant­ ly. One cannot afford to pass up his op­ portunities to gain new knowledge if he is to remain at the top of his profession. The better superintendent seeks ways whereby education may be employed to raise the standards of his profession along with the men engaged in it. Last, and perhaps most important, a su­ perintendent must be a planner. He must have long range plans. These must be ar­ rived at through discussion with members of his governing committee. Long range plans will pass from one group to another and should be put on record for the future consideration of succeeding committees. There must be yearly plans. These are necessary for accurate budgeting. And there must be weekly and daily plans. Thorough planning makes any job easier and provides for more efficient accomplishment. Plans must be changed at times, but the very ex­ istence of a plan makes an undertaking one which will progress in an orderly fashion toward a definite conclusion rather than a haphazard activity which may or may not reach a desired objective. Mr. Club Member, do you realize what you expect your superintendent to be? If you are so fortunate as to have a superin­ tendent who performs his many duties well, treat him kindly, and express your appreciation. He is deserving of your re­ spect and your support. Mr. Superintendent, do you measure up in all respects to the job which you hold? There is much help and much informa­ tion available to you from numerous sources. You must take advantage of every opportunity to improve your own ability if you are to keep pace with the fellow members of your profession. The art and SUBSCRIBERS TO USGA GREEN SECTION RESEARCH & EDUCATION FUND Alabama Golf Association, Ala. American Agricultural Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. Augusta National Golf Club, Ga. Catto & Putty, San Antonio, Texas The Clapper Co., West Newton, Mass. Connecticut State Golf Association Floyd Farley, Oklahoma City, Okla. Fertl-Soil Co., Rahway, N. J. Goldthwaite's Texas Toro Co., Fort Worth-Houston-Dallas, Texas Golf Course Superintendents Association, St. Charles, III. Golf Course Superintendent Association of Northern California, Oakland, Cal. Golf and Lawn Grass Nurseries, Atlanta, Ga. Donald Harradine, Magliaso, Switzerland Kellogg Seed Co., Milwaukee, Wis. T. C. King, Auburn, Ala. Lafkins Golf and Lawn Supply Corp., White Plains, N. Y. Letherman's Inc., Canton 2, Ohio Maine Golf Association Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, New York, N. Y. Massachusetts Golf Association Metropolitan Golf Writers Association, New York New England Golf Association New Hampshire Golf Association Philadelphia Association of Golf Course Superintendents, Pa. Ranelagh Golf Club, Buenos Aires, Argentina Rhode Island State Golf Association W. H. C. Ruthven, Ontario, Canada D. G. Scott, Marysville, Ohio Sewerage Commission of the City of Milwaukee, Wis. Southern Turf Nurseries Standard Manufacturing Co., Cedar Falls, la. Toro Manufacturing Corp., Minneapolis, Minn. The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. Vermont Golf Association Vineland Chemical Co., Vineland, N. J. Western New York Golf Course Superintendent Association, Hamburg, N. Y. Winmesa Farms Company, Phoenix, Ariz. F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Inc., Milford, Conn. Worthington Ball Co., Elyria, Ohio science of turf maintenance is progressing at a more rapid pace than ever before. Your job is a big one and for the leaders, there are bigger and better jobs in the future. 32 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 IT’S YOUR HONOR A Rewarding Experience Dissenting Opinion To The USGA: We of Knollwood enjoyed a richly rewarding experience as hosts to the Amateur Championship of 1956. The competition was keen, and we were proud to have with us the fine group of golfers who were present. They were a great credit to amateur golf. We hope lasting friendships were de­ veloped among those who took part in the championship. Frederick A. Nichols, President Knollwood Club Lake Forest, III. A R ord of Commendation To The USGA: Would like to pass on a word of commendation for the splendid man­ ner in which the Chicago District Golf Association conducted the sectional qualifying rounds for the Amateur Championship. The tournament chairman, Stacy Os­ good, ably assisted by Miss Carol Mc­ Cue and several others, handled this affair extremely well—too often many of us are quick to criticize—but here was a performance which deserves recognition and appreciation. Robert K. Hogarty Northfield, III. Audience Reaction To The USGA: Your film "The Rules of Golf-Eti­ quette” is an excellent movie for all golfers. We recently had occasion to show it to our members and received favorable comments from everyone. We intend to show it again in the future. Eugene T. Kernan Washington 2, D. C. To The USGA: Thank you very much for your early reply to my questions concerning Rule 35. Although I cannot bring myself to agreeing with the entire Rule, I, like others, will have to abide by it. I realize that it must be quite a task to draw up these Rules and, as in many other circumstances, the kinks must be worked out to the best of everyone’s interest. I would like to cite a recent case in which, in match play, the opponent’s ball was nearer the hole. The opponent was compelled to leave his ball as it was. As it turned out, the player’s ball struck his opponent’s ball, quite ob­ viously keeping his ball from rolling several feet past the cup. This took place in the recent Washington State Amateur play-off between Dick Yost, of Seattle, and the present holder of the Washington State title, Dick Price, of Longview, Wash. Now, although these players were competing against each other and not the entire field, in this and many other cases I have witnessed, the opponent’s ball was certainly an aid to the player. This could be considered either a mark for which the player could putt or a mechanical aid to stop the ball. This, to me, is not good golf but a means of penalizing the player who has had the skill to make a good approach shot by making him leave his ball as it may lie so that his opponent may use it to make up for his possible bad shot. Bud Bartholomew Coquille, Oregon USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 33 USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PRESIDENT Richard S. Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C. VICE-PRESIDENTS John D. Ames, Chicago, III. John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. SECRETARY Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. TREASURER J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: C. W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. Emerson Carey, Jr., Denver, Colo. William C. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y. John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. Richmond Gray, Richmond, Va. Gordon E. Kummer, Milwaukee, Wis. Edward E. Lowery, San Francisco, Cal. F. Warren Munro, Portland, Ore. John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. GENERAL COUNSEL Fraser M. Horn, New York, N. Y. (Deceased) COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. CHAMPIONSHIP: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: John W. Fischer, Cincinnati, Ohio IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. MEMBERSHIP: Gordon E. Kummer, Milwaukee, Wis. GREEN SECTION: T. R. Garlington, Atlanta, Ga. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Harrison F. Flippin, Ardmore, Pa. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: F. Warren Munro, Portland, Ore. PUBLIC LINKS: Edward E. Lowery, San Francisco, Cal. HANDICAP: William O. Blaney, Boston, Mass. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. MUSEUM: Emerson Carey, Jr., Denver, Colo. BOB JONES AWARD: Totton P. Heffelfinger, Minneapolis, Minn. FINANCE: J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House7', 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Joseph C. Dey, Jr., Executive Director John P. English, Assistant Executive Director USGA GREEN SECTION USGA GREEN SECTION MID-ATLANTIC OFFICE South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. Charles K. Hallowell, Mid-Atlantic Director USGA GREEN SECTION NORTHEASTERN OFFICE Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J. Alexander M. Radko, Northeastern Director USGA GREEN SECTION SOUTHEASTERN OFFICE Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. B. P. Robinson, Southeastern Director USGA GREEN SECTION SOUTHWESTERN OFFICE Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Southwestern Director and National Research Coordinator USGA GREEN SECTION WESTERN OFFICE 1709 West Eighth Street, Los Angeles 17, Cal. William H. Bengeyfield, Western Director