^Nzzed US6A JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT WORLD CHAMPIONS The Australian team became the first winner of the shining new Eisen­ hower Trophy by defeating the United States in a play-off for the World Amateur Team Championship at St. Andrews, Scotland. Left to right: Peter A. Toogood, Bruce W. Devlin, Douglas W. Bachli, Robert F. Stevens, Captain. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT Published by the United States Golf Association Permission to reprint articles here is freely granted (unless specifically noted otherwise) provided credit is given to the USGA Journal VOL. XI, No. 6 NOVEMBER, 1958 Through the Green _________________________________________________ 1 World Is Winner in Team Event _____________________ Joseph C. Dey, Jr. 4 Bob Jones’ Report on the Match ________________________ Robert T. Jones 10 USGA Nominees for 1959 Administration _______________________________ 12 Charley Coe Finds the Secret Again _____________________ John P. English 14 Honors for All in The Americas Cup ___________________________________ 17 Tom Robbins Again Leads the Seniors _________________________________ 18 Panels to Discuss Course Rebuilding ___________________________________ 20 Double Qualifying for Open Championship ______________________________ 21 Federal Tax Applies to Minimum Charges ______________ Wm. Ward Foshay 22 The Referee: Decisions on the Rules of Golf ____________________________ 23 Turf Management: Effects of Golf-Shoe Soles on Putting Green Turf___ Marvin A. Ferguson 25 Some Effects of 2,4-D on Turf grass Seedlings R. E. Schmidt and H. B.. Musser 29 It’s Your Honor: Letters ____________________________________________ 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 EAST 38th ST., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence should be sent to the above address. Entered as Second-class Matter March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 8, 1879. Additional entry at Post Office in Pinehurst, N. C. Edited by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and John P. English. All articles voluntarily contributed. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1959 Championship or Team Match Entries Close Sectional Qualifying Rounds (a) Walker Cup Match — — Dates of Event May 15-16 Open April 29 (b) May 18 (c) June 1 June 11-12-13 Women's Open June 11 None June 25-26-27 Amateur Public Links *June 4 ( June 21-28 July 13-18 Junior Amateur July 1 July 21 Aug. 5-8 Girls' Junior July 31 Women's Amateur Aug. 6 None None Aug. 17-21 Aug. 24-29 Amateur Aug 12 Sept. 1 Sept. 14-19 Senior Amateur Sept. 2 Sept. 22 Oct. 5-10 Location Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, Muirfield, Scotland Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N. Y. Churchill Valley C. C. Pittsburgh, Pa. Wellshire Golf Course, Denver, Colo. Stanford University G. C. Palo Alto, Cal. Manor Country Club, Norbeck, Md. Congressional C. C. Washington, D. C. Broadmoor Golf Club Colorado Springs, Colo. Memphis Country Club, Memphis, Tenn. Dates entries close mean last dates for applications to reach USGA office, except in the case of the Amateur Public Links Championship. For possible exceptions in dates of Sectional Qualifying Rounds, see entry forms. Re Amateur Public Links Championship: *—Entries close with Sectional Qualifying Chairmen. t—Exact date in each Section to be fixed by Sectional Chairmen. (a) Walker Cup match: Men's amateur teams—Great Britain vs. United States. (b) Local Qualifying Rounds; (c) Sectional Qualifying Championships. THROUGH THE GREEN African Visitor Two years ago Miss Susan Rennie came to the United States from South Africa for the first time as a “brain.” She came back last summer as a golfer to play in the Women’s Amateur Championship at the Wee Burn Country Club, in Darien, Conn. Susan, who was South African Cham­ pion in 1955 and won the Transvaal title the past two years, then entered Barnard College, in New York, to study anthro­ pology. Her first visit was as a member of the New York Herald-Tribune Youth Forum, c n organization which brings about thirty- five of the world’s most brilliant high­ school-age students to the United States each year. Susan won out over some 7,000 rivals in her own country. “The World We Want” was the subject of the Forum that year, and Miss Rennie’s essay won out in a competition which started with representatives of virtually every high school in her country. Final selection was made by her country’s cul­ tural attache. She spent about three months in the United States then, living in the homes of typical high school students, going to school with them and discussing world problems as well as those of high school kids. As a golfer, Miss Rennie is modest. “South Africa is sending a team to Bri­ tain next year, and if I make a good show­ ing in the United States, I may have a chance to go,” she said. Her start in this country probably did not hurt her chances. She went to the third round at Wee Burn. McDermott Room The first American-born professional to win the National Open Championship was John J. McDermott, the Champion in 1911 and again in 1912. When he won in 1911 he was professional at the Atlantic City Country Club. This club has now honored Johnny by naming its new lounge the John J. McDermott Room. A portrait of him hangs in the lounge along with his USGA gold medal for the 1911 Open. Merion's World The second World Amateur Team Championship will be played in 1960 over one of the great American courses, the East Course of the Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, Pa., in the Philadelphia suburbs. Dates will be September 28 through October 1. Some of the most notable events in golf history have occurred at Merion. It was there in 1930 that Robert T. Jones, Jr., completed his “Grand Slam” by win­ ning the National Amateur Champion­ ship, following his victories earlier in the season for the National Open and the British Amateur and Open. In 1916 at Merion he had made his first national appearance in the Amateur, as a lad of 14. It was at Merion that Ben Hogan in 1950 scored his remarkable comeback victory in the Open’s Golden Jubilee, USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 1 after his nearly fatal automobile acci­ dent. All told, Merion has generously enter­ tained ten USGA Championships: Ama­ teur—1916-24-30; Open—1934-50; Women’s Amateur—1904-09-26-49; and Curtis Cup Match—1954. The World Amateur Team Champion­ ship, instituted this year at St. Andrews, is a 72-hole stroke-play competition among national teams of four players; the three lowest scores each day con­ stitute the team total. The Championship is rotated among three zones: European-African (1958), American (1960), and Australasian (1962). Encyclopedia of Golf It has been nine years since the com­ petitive records of golf on a national and international scale have been assembled in one authoritative volume, and that old 1949 Official Golf Guide, published by A.S. Barnes & Company, has become dog-eared and inadequate on the desks of golf writers, historians and librarians.. Now Barnes has up-dated many of its old competitive records and published on a much broader base The Encyclopedia of Golf, which goes on sale this month at $7.50. The work, representing ten years of researching and compiling, was done by Major Nevin H. Gibson, a retired Army officer, and the records, history and biographical information are now, fortunately, available again for all who need to know. More Dollars During the past five years country clubs recorded increases of 33 per cent in payroll costs and 25 per cent in other expenses. Correlatively, total revenue and dues advanced 28.5 per cent. The source for these statistics is “Clubs in Town and Country—1957-58,” an analy­ tical review of the operations of 100 clubs with fiscal years ending through May 31, 1958 released by Harris, Kerr, Forster & Co. The trend of business for 50 country clubs indicates that from 1956-57 to 1957- 58, both income and expenses increased by about 5 per cent, resulting in a balance available for debt service, capital im­ provements and other financial obliga­ tions which exceeded last year by 7 per cent. Total membership in the 50 country clubs increased from 28,966 to 29,060. The average member’s dues were $262 and his other expenditures at the club equalled $560, making a grand total of $822. During the preceding year, dues averaged $250, other expenditures amounted to $536 and the grand total came to $786. The cost of operating the 50 country clubs during the current year averaged $804 per member, while last year the cost was $769. There remained balances of $18 per member in 1957-58 and $17 per member in 1956-57 with which to meet interest, depreciation and amortiza­ tion of facilities. Gross revenue, including dues, for the 50 country clubs totaled $23.9 million in 1957-58 and was 5 per cent greater than in 1956-57. Cash payrolls for the 50 country clubs equalled 57 per cent of total operating revenue, exclusive of dues. The addition of 8.1 per cent for payroll taxes and re­ lated costs resulted in an over-all total of 65.1 per cent. The corresponding ratio for these costs averaged 64.5 per cent in 1956-57. An important cost factor in the opera­ tion of country clubs is the maintenance cost of golf courses. The 50 country clubs in the current study operated a total of 990 holes of golf, and the maintenance costs per hole averaged $2,595 during 1957-58 and $2,465 during 1956-57, for an increase of 5.3 per cent. Question of Seniority We erred, regrettably, in reporting on the Girls’ Junior Championship last summer. The youngest qualifier for match play was Miss Mimi Grandle, of Cincinnati, who was born on March 26, 1945 and at the time was 13 years, 5 months. She scored 91 in the qualifying round and vent into match play through the play­ off for last place. Miss Judy Torluemke, of Ellisville, Mo., who qualified with an 85 for the second time, is also 13, but she was born on February 18, 1945 and at the time was 13 years, 6 months old. Both girls have long and bright fu­ tures in golf, regardless of this mix-up. 2 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 PGA Honors Hairy Pezzullo, professional at the Mis­ sion Hills Golf Club, Northbrook, Ill., for twelve years, has been elected by a com­ mittee of amateur golfers to be PGA Golf Professional-of-the-Year for 1958, suc­ ceeding such illustrious predecessors as the late Bill Gordon, Harry Shepard and Dugan Aycock in the role of most exem­ plary club professional. Dow Finsterwald, of Tequesta, Fla., the PGA Champion, has been selected by professionals and press as PGA Profes­ sional Golfer of the Year for 1958. Horton Smith, of Detroit, also has been elected by PGA members to the PGA Hall of Fame, where he joins, in the order of their election, Willie Anderson, Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Chick Evans, Walter Hagen, Bob Jones, John McDermott, Francis Ouimet, Gene Sarazen, Alex Smith, Jerry Travers, Walter J. Travis, Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson, Sam Snead, Macdonald Smith, Leo Diegel, Craig Wood and Denny Shute. Necrology It is with deep regret that we record the deaths of: Harold W. Pierce, Boston, Mass., Presi­ dent of the USGA in 1940 and 1941, Chair­ man of the Golf Committee at The Coun­ try Club, Brookline, Mass., for thirty years and longtime friend of golf. Dr. M.E. Husted, of North Bergen, N.J., a member of our Green Section Commit­ tee since 1947. Philip F. Scrutton, of Andover, Hamp­ shire, England, member of the 1953 55-57 British Walker Cup Teams, and outstand­ ing international golfer. Don Tait, of Springfield, Mass., a club maker with A.G. Spalding & Bros., Inc. Walter Stewart, Memphis, Tenn., sports editor of The Commercial Appeal who devoted many of his columns to uphold­ ing the best in golf. The United States Team in the World Amateur Championship. Left to right: Dr. Frank M. Taylor, Jr., William J. Patton, William Hyndman, III, Charles R. Coe; seated: Robert T. Jones, Jr., Captain. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 3 WORLD IS WINNER IN TEAM EVENT By JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. USGA Executive Director Secretary, World Amateur Golf Council The young man from Australia leaned across the dinner table and won the ear of the elderly gentleman from Japan: “Don’t spill any soup on my tie!” he admonished. For the Australians and the Japanese had agreed to exchange team neckties. This small incident was not on the bills of the great dinner in the wonderful old Town Hall of St. Andrews, but it epi­ tomized the spirit of the occasion. The Australian player, Douglas Bachli, and the Japanese official, Shun Nomura, were, without knowing it, expressing what everybody felt on this eve of the first World Amateur Golf Team Cham­ pionship. This was the temper that also pervaded the days which followed—sunny but wildly wind-blown days in which 115 players from 29 countries came to realize their essential unity, not just as golfers but as fellow-humans and, finally, as friends. If a contrast be needed to point it up, imagine what might have happened if Doug Bachli had met Shun Nomura about 15 years ago. The impulses for good which went out from old St. Andrews in the second week of October, 1958, exceeded the fondest hopes of those who first dreamed the dream of a World Championship. As for numbers, the dreamers had first dared to envision about 15 countries par­ ticipating; but 29 were represented at St. Andrews, and a 30th entered before hav­ ing to scratch. As for competition, it could hardly have been keener, with Australia finally winning the Eisenhower Trophy by two strokes after a play-off with the United States. The time-table was quick even for this age of speed; it went like this: January 23, 1958—A World Champion­ ship plan was first presented to the USGA Executive Committee and was im­ mediately approved in principle. It was conceived in part as a means of enabling I.S. Malik playing Captain of the Indian team at St. Andrews. the USGA to deal constructively with re­ curring requests for matches from indi­ vidual countries, the latest of which had come from Japan in December, 1957. through the good offices of Juan T. Trippe, of New York. March 6-8—USGA representatives (John D. Ames, President, and the writer) met at St. Andrews, Scotland, with represen­ tatives of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, invited them to join hands with the USGA, and proposed St. Andrews—Mecca to knowing golfers—as the location of the first Championship. The R&A cooperated to the full. May 2-3—Representatives of national amateur golf associations in 35 countries met in Washington; airplane transporta­ tion was provided by American friends of golf. They created the World Amateur Golf Council with 32 Member Organiza­ 4 USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 195& tions and planned the first Champion­ ship. President Eisenhower received the delegates at the White House. October 8-11 and 13—First Champion­ ship held at St. Andrews. The Championship was richly blessed with a number of other strokes of good fortune. President Eisenhower endorsed the plan and allowed the Championship Trophy to be named in his honor. Bob Jones accepted the non-playing captaincy of the United States team; his presence at St. Andrews was magnetic. Even with all these favorable factors, there was needed the positive interest of countries where golf is not nearly as popular as in most English-speaking tends. This, too, was evoked. Countries with only a handful or two of golf courses took just as keen interest as the major golf nations. Seymour Marvin, non-playing Captain of Brazil’s team, expressed a wonderful point of view when he said: “We came not with the expectation of winning but rather to contribute what we could to the occasion merely by being present.” Magnus Gudmundsson, Captain of Ice­ land’s team, said: “We don’t have an earthly chance of winning, but we have come to show that we exist.” And so the hopeful inscription on the Eisenhower Trophy has come to life: Io Foster Friendship And Sportsmanship Among The Peoples Of The World It is regrettable that Communist lands were not represented. Every country in the world had been officially invited, but golf simply does not exist within the Communist orbit except in very isolated cases. The Old Course in Tricky Mood The R&A and the Town Council of St. Andrews provided warm hospitality and a perfect setting. Flanking the first and the 18th fairways of the Old Course were 29 tall white flagpoles, specially erected, where flew the ensigns of the participat­ ing countries. Just before 8 A. M. on the first day—Wednesday, October 8—a bag­ piper in kilts heralded the raising of the 29 flags, parading up and down the road which crosses the two holes. And then they were off, into the teeth of a breath-taking westerly wind which averaged between 35 and 40 miles an hour the first day and moderated only slightly thereafter. The Old Course has a bottomless bag of tricks, with many hidden bunkers of vary­ ing sizes but invariably deep, and the wind is its greatest ally. The course is two holes wide; it winds straight out for seven holes, has a loop of four, and comes straight home for the last seven. Double greens of considerable acreage serve 14 holes. Most trouble is on the right, where there are tall, prickly, unplayable gorse (whins) and occasional out of bounds. The greens were glazed by the wind. On the par 3 eleventh of 173 yards, where the green faces sheerly toward the tee and the wind was against and across, it was not unusual to see a golfer land his tee shot on the green, then run to it be­ fore the wind had a chance to blow it off. Taking a stance with a putter was hazardous, especially that gusty first day. Dr. Frank M. (Bud) Taylor of the United States twice sustained a penalty stroke in the first round when his ball moved on the green after address. Once, as he start­ ed his putter backwards, the ball simply followed the path of the clubhead—in the wrong direction! Fortunately, the week was gloriously sunny except for two brief showers. Had play been rained on, the conditions would have been appalling. As it was, the strong, chill wind and the glazed greens made play terribly difficult. Anything under 80 was a fine score. The fairways were slow, after evening showers and a summer of excessive rain. The form of play was unusual and, as it turned out, thrilling in the extreme. It was 72 holes stroke play one round a day. Each team’s score each day was the total of its three best individual scores (four players were allowed to a side). The sum of the daily totals was the team total for the Championship. This formula gave all four players an opportunity to “make the team” at some time or other; in fact, only one player of the entire 115 failed to par­ ticipate in his team’s final score. The for­ mula also contributed vastly to the un­ certainty of how the teams stood during play; for instance, Mr. Smith might go out in 41 and appear to be out of it, but a spurt coming home could enable him to displace some teammate who finished weakly. The system was borrowed from the old American Intercollegiate team championship. The victory of Australia’s team was USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 5 OLD SCENE, NEW PLAY The first tee of the Old Course at St. Andrews during the final round of the World Amateur Team Championship. Henri deLamaze, of France, is driving, watched by Dr. Frank M. Taylor, Jr. (white cap), of the United States, and Bruce W. Devlin, Australia (dark sweater in left background). The first motorized cart to be used at St. Andrews enabled Robert T. Jones, Jr., to perform his duties as American Cap­ tain. At left, with umbrella, is Lord Morton of Henryton, Captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews. completely deserved. They had a horrible start, and were 17 strokes behind the leader after the first round, not one of their four players doing better than 81. They whittled their deficit to nine strokes after 36 holes, four strokes after 54, and made a fine finish which tied with the United States. The Old Course is never open for play on Sunday, and so the play-off was put over to Monday morning. This was the least windy and the warmest day of the week, and it brought out some splendid golf. Australia’s margin was two strokes, 222 to the United States’ 224. Two Birdies on Home Hole The contest came right down to the home hole. There the difference consisted of two birdie 3s by Bruce Devlin, who holed from 18 feet, and Robert Stevens, Australia’s Captain, who holed from eight. Australia’s other representatives were Peter Toogood and Douglas Bachli, the 1954 British Amateur Champion. They were a splendid team, not only as players but especially as ambassadors. The United States side consisted of Charles R. Coe (National Amateur Cham­ pion), William Hyndman, III, William J. Patton and Dr. Frank M. Taylor, Jr. Throughout the first two rounds the leader was the team representing Great Britain and Ireland—Joseph B. Carr (Bri­ 6 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 tish Amateur Champion), Reid Jack (1957 Champion), Arthur Perowne and Guy Wolstenholme, all Walker Cup alumni. The key score was a remarkable 72 by Reid Jack in the blustery first round. The British total after one round was 227, with the United States second at 233; tied for third at 236 were Argentina and New Zealand. Australia had an un­ inspiring 244. New Zealand spurted the next day, with left-handed Robert Charles having his second consecutive 74. After 36 holes New Zealand was one stroke behind the British, 462 to 461; the United States was now third with 465, and Australia next with 470. The four leading teams were shuffled in the third round, and New Zealand shot ahead with a 54-hole total of 687; a 72 by E. J. McDougall showed the way. The United States was second, three strokes off the pace. Australia produced the best three-man one-day score of the Cham­ pionship, 221, thanks largely to Peter Toogood’s 71; Australia was now only four strokes from the lead, and was tied at 691 with Great Britain-Ireland. Nothing was .settled until the last putt was holed in the fourth round. The lead­ ers were grouped at the end of the day, and there was a climactic finish. Australia eventually set up a leading score of 918 for the 72 holes. It looked just good enough to win until the Americans lit­ erally came from nowhere to tie. In the last group of the day, Billy Hyndman holed a great 3 at the 17th (the 453-yard “road hole”), where par would be 4 and the British “standard scratch score” is 5. Then he had a solid 4 at the home hole for a grand round of 72 that brought the American total to 918, tying Australia. Great Britain-Ireland was one stroke away. New Zealand was fourth with 921. Argentina broke a string of English-speaking countries by finishing fifth. Australia’s ability to deliver in the pinch decided the play-off. Her three best scores included brilliant last nines of 35 by Bruce Devlin, 35 by Robert Stevens and 36 by Peter Toogood, culminating in the decisive birdie 3s at the 18th by Devlin and Stevens. Charlie Coe’s final nine of 35 for a 73 could not quite pull things out for America. The lowest individual scores for 72 holes were 301s by Bruce Devlin of Aus­ tralia, Billy Hyndman of the United States, and Reid Jack of Britain. There were six rounds below 73, headed by the 71 which Peter Toogood scored for Aus­ tralia. The 72s were made by Devlin, Hyndman, Jack, E. J. McDougall of New Zealand, and Gunnar Carlander of Swe­ den. Par, by our standards, would be 72; the British “standard scratch score” is 73. The Return of Bob Jones It has been 28 years since Bob Jones scored golf’s only “Grand Slam,” and 22 since he had last visited St. Andrews, but the Scots’ appreciation of his former skill and their love of his personality are still deep and warm. He was the focus of in­ terest wherever he went, and, despite his physical limitations, he went about the Old Course pretty freely thanks to the electric buggy he shipped from home. It was the first such conveyance ever used at St. Andrews. Bob Jones has won many honors in his life, and an especially significant one was awarded him during the World Hole ..._________ Par __________ AUSTRALIA: Play-off Scores, Hole by Hole 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 Out 5 4 4 3 4 36 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 In 36 Total 72 Devlin _______ 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 3 4 Stevens ______ 4 4 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 5 4 4 3 4 Toogood _____ Bachli __ ____ 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 UNITED STATES: 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 Coe ________ Patton _______ 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 Taylor _______ 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 6 5 4 5 5 4 5 3 3 Hyndman_____ 37 40 39 37 38 38 39 40 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 35 35 36 4 4 40 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 35 37 37 38 5 4 4 3 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 72 75 75 77 73 75 76 78 7 A NEW FREEMAN FOR ST. ANDREWS Robert T. Jones, Jr., signs the Burgess Roll on being made a Freeman of the Burgh of St. Andrews — a touching tribute to the Grand Slam Champion of 1930. His daughter, Miss Mary Ellen Jones, is at left; Mrs. Jones is in front of door at right. Provost Robert Leonard of St. Andrews is in center of platform. USGA President John D. Ames at right in dark suit. Championship week when the Town Council made him a Freeman of the Burgh of St. Andrews. He was the first American to be so honored since Ben­ jamin Franklin. His family—Mrs. Jones, Miss Mary Ellen Jones and Bob Jones, III—were present when Provost Robert Leonard made the award. The night before the Championship began all the visitors were guests of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club at a most memorable dinner in the Town Hall. A message was received from President Eisenhower. A commemorative map of the Old Course was presented to each guest by the Town Council. The R&A did a grand job of organizing the Championship, especially in view of the fact that they were starting from scratch. Particular credit is due to N. C. (Bob) Sei way, Chairman of the Cham­ pionship Committee, and Brig. Eric Brickman, Secretary of the Club. Henry H. Turcan, Chairman of the R&A’s General Committee, and John D. Ames, USGA President, are Joint Chair­ men of the World Amateur Golf Coun­ cil. All but one of their confreres in the Council’s Administrative Committee were present — Messrs. Selway, Charles L. Peirson of the USGA, Eduardo H. Mag- lione of Argentina, Shun Nomura of Ja­ pan, E. P. Prendergast of Australia, and Prince Ruspoli of Italy. The absentee was Douglas O. Whyte of New Zealand. Stroke Play to be Continued The Council decided to continue the original form of the Championship in 8 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 future. It had been the intention to change to match play after 1958, in the belief that match play is the most ap­ propriate form for amateurs. Certainly the 72-hole stroke play at St. Andrews had a great deal to commend it The fact that the best three out of four scores become each team’s daily score allows a reasonable margin for error (as does match play) and offers each member of the team an opportunity to help his side at some time or other. If a country cannot finance the expenses of four players, it need only have a team of three. Stroke play enables the Championship to be completed in four days, rather than drawn out over a week or more, as match play probably would require. Stroke play permits everybody to play every day, and brings everybody to the home green. Offsetting its many advantages for a Championship of this sort is the tendency of stroke play to discourage the interest of the weaker teams. But in future even this deficiency probably will be over­ come, for within the framework of the World Championship there will be a series of subordinate zonal competitions among the natural rivals in various zones of the world, the same scores being used for the World and zonal events. This ex­ cellent idea was proposed by the delegate from India, I. S. Malik. The Championship will be played every two years. The next one is scheduled for the Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, Pa., Sept. 28 through Oct. 1. The 1962 event will be held in the Australasian zone. Prior to the Championship at St. An­ drews there was a Delegates and Duffers Cup event, for delegates to the Council’s meeting and guests. It originated from a suggestion by President Eisenhower. It was played at 36 holes, on handicap. The winner was Seymour Marvin, of Brazil, with 74-77—151—12—139. Second was John M. Blair, President of the Royal Canadian Golf Association, 83-84—167— 22—145, followed by John D. Ames, USGA, 78-80—158—12—146. The guest division was won by Robert M. Smith, of New York, who scored 139 net. Charles B. Grace, Philadelphia, was second with 148. The Spirit of the Event Pervading all the play and all the meet­ ings was a most marvelous spirit. It was NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA Regular Okla. Cal. Alva Golf and Country Club Barbara Worth Country Club Baywood Golf and Country Club Cal. P. R. Berwind Country Club Covington Country Club La. El Caballero Country Club Cal. Elcona Country Club Ind. Fairway Farm Hunt Club Texas Hassayampa Country Club Ariz. Hiawatha Golf Club Wis. Jacksonville Country Club III. Las Posas Country Club Cal. Marlborough Country Club Mass. Meadowbrook Golf Club Cal. Osiris Country Club N. Y. Pacific Grove Golf Club Cal. Riverside Golf and Swim Club Cal. N. Y. Southern Dutchess Country Club Spring Valley Golf Club Cal. Tenn. The Country Club Webhannet Golf Club Maine Willow Creek Country Club Utah Va. Willow Oaks Country Club Associate Fairless Hills Golf Club Hidden Valley Golf Course Lyons' Den Golf Club Sapphire Valley Golf Club Trosper Park Golf Club Woodside Golf Course Willowick Golf Course Pa. Pa. Ohio N. C. Okla. Iowa Cal. true to the World Council’s motto: “Friendship—Sportsmanship.” This was a people-to-people program, in truth. All barriers were down—and how can it be otherwise in a game where three-putting evokes the same sort of sympathy in Ice­ land as in Kenya? It was put in this way by the USGA President, John Ames, in the Champion­ ship program: “For most of us who love golf, the game is an end in itself. It needs no superimposed justification. It is enough when any human activity can provide for its participants such great and simple things as sheer pleasure, the joy of com­ panionship, healthful exercise out of doors, fair play, and the zest of friendly competition. “There are occasions, however, when golf properly becomes a medium. At St. Andrews this week golf is serving pur­ poses beyond itself. It is here being used as a vehicle to carry us further along the road of friendship and understanding among the peoples of the world. “That is the true significance of this first Amateur Team Championship of the World Amateur Golf Council.” USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 9 BOB JONES’ REPORT ON THE MATCH The Captain’s Observations Robert T. Jones, Jr., who was Captain of the United States Team in the first World Amateur Team Championship at St. Andrews, Scotland, volunteered a report on the event to John D. Ames, President of the United States Golf Association. His personal observa­ tions are so interesting that the editors have obtained his permission to share them, sub­ stantially in full, with readers of the USGA Journal: Dear John: I know that such is not expected of me, but I must give myself the pleasure of making to you and the Executive Com­ mittee of the USGA a report upon the performance at St. Andrews in the World Cup competition of the splendid Ameri­ can team of which I had the honor to be the Captain. The result is, of course, well known. Yet, even though the victory was not ours, the achievement of second place represented a considerable triumph at­ tributable mainly to the highest qualities of character and perseverance on the part of our team. It is surely obvious that a non-playing captain can do very little to influence the result of any golf team match. In the World Cup competition in its present form, there is absolutely nothing for the captain to do, because the selection of his players and the scores to be counted is a matter of routine decided solely upon the scores accomplished. I had thought that the intimate and thorough knowl­ edge of the Old Course at St. Andrews, which I am sure I possess, might be of some value to the players. As it turned out, I found that although I know St. An­ drews in the Spring, I had no useful knowledge of the course and playing con­ ditions that existed in October. With the wet ground and high winds, the course was playing extremely long and all the subtleties I had come to know and respect had vanished. I needed only one round with our team members to be convinced that there was no contribution I could make along this line . . . The only aspect of the play which I felt that I might influence to any degree involved the well-rooted conviction on my part that the decisive factor was going to be the relative ability of the various play­ ers to stand up to the enormous psycholo­ gical pressure bound to be exerted by this great golf course under these condi­ tions. About all that I could do was to try to make certain that each of our men should always realize that others were being subjected to the same pressures. I know from experience how easy it is to forget that the wind is blowing on all alike and that others, too, are having to call upon their ultimate resources in or­ der to stand up under the buffetings of a tremendous test. Under all these circumstances, the highest tribute that could be paid to our players is the simple statement that not one of them in six rounds of competition ever played one careless shot or for one instant relaxed his vigilance. More than once, I am sure, they wanted to escape from the unrelenting strain, but never did they yield to the temptation. The finish on Saturday, by which our team gained a tie with Australia, was one of the most dramatic imaginable. I am sure you are aware that the method of scoring made it very difficult to ascer­ tain at all times the precise state of the contest . . . Bill Hyndman of our team was playing in the last threesome with Wolstenholme of Great Britain and McDougall of New Zealand. As I dashed about the course on my electric buggy, the varying bits of intelligence available to me soon indi­ cated that our cause was in a very bad way, according to scoreboards. The Aus­ tralians and New Zealanders had done quite well on the outgoing nine, whereas we had not. The British, too, had turned for home with a lead of a couple of strokes over us. An interesting sidelight might be that in a close finish of this kind, none of the 10 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 rival captains were trying to do any “mas­ ter -minding” or to confuse or to conceal information from their opposite num­ bers. Indeed, I was in free communica­ tion with and got a good deal of infor­ mation from Gerald Micklem, the Bri­ tish captain, and Jim Schouler of the New Zealand team. I had sat within a few yards of Micklem as his man Perowne holed a birdie three at the sixteenth and later it was from him and Pat Ward- Thomas of the Manchester Guardian that I learned the exact state of the game as Bill Hyndman was putting for three at the seventeenth. At last arriving behind the sixteenth green in much excitement, I saw Hynd­ man play a lovely second shot six feet to the right of the hole, with his British and New Zealand companions both over-play­ ing. At this point, I did not know of the penalty of two strokes for striking the flag incurred by Bob Stevens of Aus­ tralia on the tenth hole, nor did I know of the misfortune of Peter Toogood of the same team on the seventeenth. As I watched Hyndman prepare to putt for his three at sixteen, it was my appraisal that if he could make this putt, he might con­ ceivably finish in 4-3 for 71, which might, by an equal stretch of the imagination, give us a tie with Great Britain for sec­ ond, even a clear second. There seemed no hope of catching the Australians. But Bill missed the putt. Upon seeing me in my buggy, Hynd­ man came over to ask about the situation. The best that I could tell him was, as I have said, and that I thought he should go for a 4-3 finish, never dreaming that a three at seventeen was at all pos­ sible. After a beautiful drive at seven­ teen, while waiting for his companions to play their seconds, Bill was pacing up and down like a man possessed. I had the night before cautioned our team to take no chances with the road at seventeen un­ less the situation appeared to be dire. Of course, it was obvious to Bill, as it was to me, that if ever a dire situation existed, it was now . . . That second shot with a four iron was truly one of the greatest shots I have ever seen. I actually thought the ball was going to hole out. That did it, and as we learned in a few moments, Hyndman needed only to par the last hole, which he did, to give us a tie with Australia, and Wolstenholme, having required five at seventeen, likewise finished with a par to leave the British one stroke be­ hind. I think our team lost on the putting greens. Charlie Coe, wherever I saw him, was hitting the ball beautifully. Even on the greens, his stroke appeared to be very sound and his touch excellent. Yet time and again, he barely missed from short range. Hyndman was always swing­ ing beautifully, driving with good power and confidence and playing his irons quite well. But he, too, had putting trou­ bles from the very moment he stepped onto the course in practice. Patton, though he worked with a fervor and de­ termination I have never seen surpassed, did not really strike his true playing form until the play-off round, but he, too, nullified brilliant play from tee to green by some unaccountable putting lapses. Taylor was in full possession of his usual immaculate game from tee to green, insofar as the elements and gigan­ tic golf course would permit, but he did suffer from a bursitis-type ailment in his left shoulder and from badly blistered heels as a result of having his golf shoes misplaced along with his clubs on the trip over. Bud was never able to summon the extra slashing power so necessary to the playing of this kind of golf course under these conditions. Above all, it was more than gratifying to have so many people say to me, just as though I had had anything to do with it, that my American players were so completely charming. Although all the boys did everything in their power to win, they realized, as everyone at St. An­ drews did, that there were aspects of the competition far more important than win­ ning. None of us are naive enough to ex­ pect that a golf tournament will accom­ plish miracles, but I know that many seeds of international friendsh’p were sown on the Old Course. Perhaps we may dare to hope that some lasting good may result. For me, my association with Charlie, Bill, Billy Joe, and their wives, and with Bud Taylor, was one which I shall always remember with an enormous amount of pride and pleasure. Most sincerely, Robert T. Jones, Jr. 11 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 USGA NOMINEES FOR 1959 ADMINISTRATION Five New Members Of Official Family John D. Ames, of Chicago, has been nominated for re-election as Presi­ dent of the United States Golf Associa­ tion on a slate which contains four new officers and four new members of the Executive Committee. The Member Clubs will elect their 1959 administration during the 65th Annual Meeting at the Biltmore Hotel, in New \ork, on Saturday, January 31, at 11 a.m. John M. Winters, Jr., of Tulsa, Okla., now Secretary, has been nominated to be a Vice-President in place of Charles L. Peir.son, of Boston, who is retiring af­ ter eleven years of service. John G. Clock, of Long Beach, Cal., has been re­ nominated as the other Vice-President. C.W. Benedict, of White Plains, N.Y., has been nominated to replace Mr. Win­ ters as Secretary. Mr. Benedict has been a member of the Executive Committee since 1956. What's New In Rules Although there will be no changes in the Rules of Golf for 1959, the code will be reviewed and possibly revised in meetings next May be­ tween representatives of the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. The meetings will be held at the time of the Wal­ ker Cup Match in Scotland, as has become customary in late years. The two organizations continu­ ously exchange views on the Rules, and recently the USGA has drafted proposals for refinements. The sub­ jects cover a wide range, including such matters as balls lost, out of bounds, unplayable and in water hazards. No details of proposals will be published until after the meet­ ings next May. Emerson Carey, Jr., of Denver, has been nominated to be Treasurer, succeed­ ing J. Frederic By­ ers, Jr., of Pitts­ burgh. Mr. Carey has been a member of the Executive Com­ mittee since 1955. Mr. Byers has been elected an honorary member of the Ex­ ecutive Committee, the first since the late Wynant D. Van­ derpool of Newark, N.J., who was an honorary member from 1934 through 1938. P. H. Strubing Philip H. Strubing, of Philadelphia, has been nominated to be General Counsel in place of Wm. Ward Foshay, of New York. Mr. Foshay, who has been General Counsel since 1956, was elected to the Executive Committee last June to suc­ ceed the late Gordon E. Kummer, of Mil­ waukee, and has since been serving in both capacities. He has been renominated to the Executive Committee. The four new nominees for the Execu­ tive Committee are Fred Brand, Jr., of Pittsburgh, Charles C. Clare, of New Haven, Conn., Harry L. Givan, of Seattle, and Harold A. Moore, of Chicago. Mr. Strubing is a graduate of Princeton, where he was captain of baseball and a member of the football and hockey teams, and has served as president of the Penn­ sylvania Golf Association. He is now president of the Sunnybrook Golf Club and also active in the Pine Valley Golf Club. Mr. Brand, a member of the USGA Sec­ tional Affairs Committee since 1948, is a graduate of Pennsylvania State College. I.e is a past-president of the Western Pennsylvania Golf Association and twice v inner of the Western Pennsylvania Ama­ teur. His clubs are the Pittsburgh Field Club and the Oakmont Country Club. 12 USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 Mr. Clare is a past president of the Connecticut State and New England Golf Associations and a former Connecticut and New England champion. He is a member of the New Haven Country Club. Mr. Givan, a member of the Walker Cup Team in 1936, is a graduate of the University of Washington and a former director of the Washington State, Pacific Northwest and Western Golf Associations. H. A. Moore H. L. Givan Richmond Gray, of Richmond, Va.; Hord W. Hardin, of St. Louis; Willi;am Mc- Wane, of Birmingham, Ala., and B.H. Ridder, Jr., of Duluth, Minn., have been re-nominated for the Executive Commit­ tee. Totton P. Heffelfinger, of Minneapolis, is Chairman of the current Nominating Committee. Its other members are Charles R. Coe, of Oklahoma City, Okla.; John W. Goodrich, of Boston, Mass.; Corydon Wagner, of Tacoma, Wash., and He plays at the Seattle Golf Club. Mr. Moore, who attended the Universi­ ty of Chicago, is now president of the Western Golf Association. He is a mem­ ber of the Exmoor Country Club. The four who are retiring from the ad­ ministration are Messrs. Peirson, Byers, Stuart A. Heatley, of San Francisco, and F. Warren Munro, of Portland, Ore. William C. Chapin, of Rochester, N.Y.; C. C. Clare Fred Brand, Jr. .Ik Charles R. Yates, of Atlanta, Ga. Richard S. Tufts, of Pinehurst, N.C., was nominated to be Chairman of the 1960 Nominating Committee. The other members would be F.H. Corrigan, of Minneapolis; Stuart A. Heatley, of San Francisco; Robert K. Howse, of Wichita, Kans., and Charles M. Pyle, Jr., of Bos­ ton. Thus the ticket to be presented by the 1959 Nominating Committee at the An­ nual Meeting will comprise: Officers President ____ John D. Ames _____ \ ice-President John G. Clock______ Vice-President John M. Winters, Jr. Secretary ____ Clarence W. Benedict Treasurer ___ Emerson Carey, Jr. Onwentsia Club, Lake Forest, Ill. Virginia Country Club, Long Beach, Cal. Southern Hills Country Club, Tulsa, Okla. Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N.Y. Denver Country Club, Denver, Colo. Executive Committee THE OFFICERS AND: Fred Brand, Jr. ----------------------------- Pittsburgh Field Club, Pittsburgh, Pa. William C. Chapin _________________ Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester, N.Y. Charles C. Clare ---------------------------- New Haven Country Club, Hamden, Conn. Wm. Ward Foshay -------------------------- Round Hill Club, Greenwich, Conn. Harry L. Givan ------------------------------ Seattle Golf Club, Seattle, Wash. Richmond Gray ------------------------------ Country Club of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Hord W. Hardin ----------------------------- Bellerive Country Club, Normandy, Mo. William Me Wane ---------------------------- Country Club of Birmingham, Ala. Harold A. Moore ---------------------------- Exmoor Country Club, Highland Park, Ill. B.H. Ridder, Jr. ------------------------------ Northland Country Club, Duluth, Minn. General Counsel Philip H. Strubing --------------------- Sunnybrook Golf Club, Plymouth Meeting, Pa. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 13 CHARLEY COE FINDS THE SECRET AGAIN BY JOHN P. ENGLISH USGA Asst. Executive Director For those who have followed junior golf on a national plane over the last decade, the recent Amateur Champion­ ship at the Olympic Country Club, in San Francisco, represented pretty nearly the break-through. There, in the quarter-final round, the boys lined up against the men in the age-old rivalry, as if the draw for match play had been carefully prearranged by two opposing infantry generals of an earlier era. On the line for the men were: Charles R. Coe, 34, of Oklahoma City Roger T. McManus, 34, of Cincinnati Dr. Frank M. Taylor, 41, of Pomona, Cal. Mich. Charles R. Kocsis, 45, of Royal Oak, Opposing them were, in the same order: Deane R. Beman, 20, of Bethesda, Md. Junior, University of Maryland Ward Wettlaufer, 22, of Buffalo, N.Y. Senior, Hamilton College Dick Foote, 20, of Santa Ana, Cal. Junior, UCLA Thomas D. Aaron, 21, of Gainesville, Ga. Senior, University of Florida If a ball or two bounced the right way, four of the boys who have been con­ sistently prominent in junior golf in the last few years could join hands in the semi-final round. It didn’t go that way—quite—however. The men and the boys drew in the quar­ ter-final round, two victories going each way, and Charley Coe won the ultimate victory for the men by beating young tommy Aaron in the final, 5 and 4. In thus staving off for one more year the surge of youth, Coe accomplished one of the great feats of self-discipline in amateur golf. He keyed himself up once again to deliver to his great potential. When young Charley Coe moved into the national scene, he was almost un­ beatable and won his first Amateur Cham- TOMMY AARON (Reprinted from the USGA Journal of September, 1954.) Tommy Aaron* of Gainesville, Ga., is 17 and serious about golf. He went all the way to The Los Angeles Coun­ try Club last month, not to make a half-hearted effort but to do the best he could in the Junior Amateur Cham­ pionship. It was his last year of eli­ gibility and he had missed out the previous year because of a broken ankle. Tommy’s best is good, in both golf and football, and he shortly found him­ self playing in the quarter-final round against Allen L. Geiberger, of Santa Barbara, Cal., who holds the Cali­ fornia, Southern California and Los Angeles City Junior Championships. Geiberger was 1 up going to the six­ teenth hole, a 444-yard-affair, and he rifled his second shot onto the green. Aaron’s went into the dry, fragile Ber­ muda rough behind the green, so that he was still away. Charles P. Stevenson, of Buffalo, N.Y., the referee, walked into the rough with Aaron and stood by while he played his critical third shot out of the long grass and onto the green. The stroke seemed routine, and Aaron seemed to have at least a chance for a half returning to the green. Sud­ denly he said: “I concede the hole. My ball turned over in the rough while I was addressing it. I lie four.” Not even the referee, who was stand­ ing by for just an eventuality, had seen the ball move, but Aaron knew he had to call it on himself—even though no one else had seen the movement and it made his opponent dormie-two. Geiberger went on to win the match, 3 and 1, but Aaron won something just as important. 14 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 TO THE VICTOR GOES THE HANDSHAKE —San Francisco Examiner Charley Coe (left) receives congratulations in the customary form from young Tommy Aaron after the final of the Amateur Championship at San Francisco. The score was 5 and 4. pionship at the age of 25, in 1949. He went on to play for the United States in the Walker Cup Matches of 1949, 1951 and 1953 and the Americas Cup Matches of 1952, when he was captain, and 1954. Then, somehow, it appeared that his competitive fire began to flicker. He obviously continued to enjoy the game and the companionship of his fellow-ama­ teurs, but in spite of his superb skill he lost to little known players in the first round of the Amateur Championship in both 1954 and 1955. Others came forward and filled the Walker Cup Team of 1955 and the Americas Cup Team of 1956. When the USGA selected its Walker Cup Team for 1957, it named Coe as non­ playing captain. It was Bud Wilkinson, the famed coach of University of Oklahoma football teams and an amateur golfer of both enthusiasm and ability, who kindled the fire again. Using a psychological approach, Wilkin­ son gradually rebuilt Coe’s will-to-win and then his conviction that he still could win. He gave him advice on training, too —how to govern his diet to obtain the ut­ most strength and energy (he has a hard time keeping his weight up to 150 pounds) and how to come into a tournament key­ ed up mentally but relaxed physically. “Bud Wilkinson doesn’t win all those games on his knowledge of football alone,” Charley commented during the USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1953 15 Championship. “He wins them on his skill as a trainer and psychologist.” The first results of this training became apparent when Coe led the amateurs in the Open Championship last June, finish­ ing in a tie for thirteenth at 295 twelve strokes behind Tommy Bolt. Actually, he started 75-71 and was trailing by only four strokes going into the final day *when Bolt ran away from everyone. Without the training, too, Coe probably would have had a harder time with Aaron. Tommy had been improving steadily as he neared the final. In the quarter-finals he played thirteen holes in three under par to beat Chuck Kocsis, a former Walker Cup player, 7 and 5. In the semi-final, he played the morning round in 67, three under par, and the first nine in 35, even par, against Dick Foote, to win, 10 and 9. A strapping six-footer who was recent­ ly an all-Georgia high school quarter-back, Aaron seemed to be coming on, young and strong, while Coe was beginning to show signs of fatigue. Although Charley was even par in disposing of Deane Beman, 1 up, in the quarter-finals, he was six over par in defeating Roger McManus, 3 and 2, in the semi-finals. However, Coe’s fatigue must have been more apparent than real, because he had all the shots when he needed them in the final. He gained a 2 up lead in the morning round, with a 74, and then won six of the first nine holes in the after­ noon to pull away. A birdie 3 on the 410- yard fourteenth hole gave him a 5 and 4 victory and left him five over par. It seems certain, however, that the youngsters who have been developing so spectacularly in recent years with the spread of junior golf programs will soon have the days which Coe denied them in the autumn sunshine at San Francisco. The Amateur Championship was the second USGA event in recent years on the Lake Course of the Olympic Country Club. It was there that Jack Fleck de­ feated Ben Hogan in a play-off for the Open Championship only three years earlier. The special stimulus for San Francisco was, of course, the return to competition of their fellow-townsman, E. Harvie Ward, Jr., the 1955 and 1956 Champion, who had been on probation as a non-amateur dur­ ing 1957. Harvie came back with a bril­ liant putter to win three exciting matches despite some erratic play, but he finally fell afoul of young Ward Wettlaufer in the fifth round, 3 and 2. Another attraction was the presence in the field of the amateur golfers from Canada and Mexico, who had come to compete in the Americas Cup Match. While the 21-year-old Mexican Champion Juan A. Estrada lost in the first round to Deane Beman, 1 up, and the Canadian Champion Bruce Castator lost in the third round to William H. Williamson, of Charlotte, N.C., also 1 up, Mauricio Urd- anetta, of Mexico, did reach the third round and Eric Hanson, of Canada, play­ ed in the round of sixteen. Somewhat less happy was the fate of Hillman Robbins, Jr., of Memphis, Tenn., the defending Champion, whose tour of active duty in the Air Force clearly has not helped his game. Although Hillman played with courage and wonderful good cheer in the circumstances, he could re­ capture his old brilliance only in flashes, and he finally succumbed to Martin Stan- ovich, of Chicago, in the third round, 4 and 2. It was his final appearance as an amateur. No report on the Championship can overlook its vivid illustration of the vast scope of golf. On one side were two distinguished youngsters, 14-year-old George Boutell, of Tucson, Ariz., who was making his debut at the same age as Bob Jones made his back in 1916, and 16 year-old Dixie Chapman, of Osterville, Mass., who quali­ fied and came with his father, Richard D. Chapman, the 1940 Champion, the first father-and-son pair in an Amateur field since Emerson Carey, Jr., and Emerson Carey, III, of Denver, accomplished the feat at Minneapolis in 1950. On the other side was 68-year-old Charles Evans, Jr., of Chicago, who drew a bye, won a match and carried Alfred Sams, of Macon, Ga., to the nineteenth hole before bowing in the third round. Sams, a left-hander, also had beaten Evans in the third round a year earlier. It was Evans’ forty-sixth Amateur Cham­ pionship, his thirty-second appearance in match play and the victory in the second round was his fifty-seventh. 16 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 HONOR FOR ALL IN THE AMERICAS CUP United States Retains Trophy The United States had little difficulty in maintaining hemispheric hege­ mony in The Americas Cup Match, but equally satisfying was the ease with which its golfing representatives main­ tained and even uplifted hemispheric har­ mony. For this fourth engagement since 1952, amateur golf teams representing Canada and Mexico came to the Olympic Country Club in San Francisco, which in itself is a most harmonious and hospitable city. On the course and off, the three teams enjoyed each other’s company to the ut­ most, as Jerome P. Bowes, of Chicago, had hoped they would when he donated the large silver trophy. But, golf being the game it is, this international coming­ ling did not inhibit anyone from playing to the hilt when the Match got underway. Since the Match was last held in this country, at Seattle in 1952, the form has been changed. Teams now play three 18- hole three-ball sixsome matches in the morning and six 18-hole three-ball matches in the afternoon on each of two days. In each three-ball sixsome, each country is represented by a side of two players play­ ing alternate strokes, as in a foursome, against each of the other sides. In each three-ball match, each country is repre­ sented by one player playing against each of the other sides. Six players represent a side in each of the four rounds. The Captains present the names and playing positions of their teams in numerical order for the first round of three-ball sixsome matches at 4 p.m. on tl e preceding day. The names and play­ ing positions for subsequent rounds are exchanged one-half hour after each previ­ ous round is completed. Each match won is scored as one point. If any match is all square after 18 holes, it is scored as halved and each side is given one-half point. The United States led and Canada was second in each of the four rounds of the competition and the final point totals were: United States, 30; Canada, 17; Mexico, 7. All seven members of the United States team—Captain William J. Patton; Rex Baxter, Jr.; Charles R. Coe; William Hyndman III; Hillman Robbins, Jr., then Amateur Champion; Dr. Frank M. Tay­ lor, Jr.; and E. Harvie Ward, Jr.—took part in at least three of the four rounds and all distinguished themselves. Patton, an inspirational leader, and Dr. Taylor, who played No. 1 singles and went out in 34 the first day, won all their matches in two three-balls and one six- some to earn all six points available to them.. Coe played in all four rounds with­ out defeat, but was halved twice in six- somes to earn seven of a possible eight points. There were, however, ample honors for the Canadians and Mexicans, too. For example, Gary Cowan, of Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, who is only 19, scored a clean sweep in both three-ball matches, in which he played No. 2 and then No. 1, soundly defeating Ward and Rafael Quiroz the first day and Robbins and Ignacio Lopez, Jr., the second day. He made the turn in 35 the first day and 34 the second. In the sixsome play, Cowan shared in two victories over Mexico and two ties with the United States to con­ tribute 7 of Canada’s 17 points and to remain unbeaten. The Canadian side consisted of Douglas Bajus, of Vancouver; Gordon R. Ball, of loronto; Bruce Castator, of Toronto; Cowan; Eric Hanson, of Toronto; John Johnston, of Vancouver; and Robert Kidd, cf Vancouver, with V.C. Holdroyd as non­ playing captain. The Mexican team, which played in uniform gray slacks and white sweaters, comprised Estrada; Enrique Farias, Jr.; Lopez; Fernando Mendez; Jose L. Ortega, who is 19 and Mexican Junior Champion; Quiroz; and Mauricio Urdaneta, with Rodolfo Patron as non-playing captain. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 17 TOM ROBBINS AGAIN LEADS THE SENIORS Monterey Peninsula Attractive Site (Characteristically, all who play in the a USGA Senior Amateur Champion­ ship qualify as “veterans.” They must have reached their 55th birthday and earned handicaps not exceeding ten strokes. If the term “veteran senior” were not redundant, however, Thomas C. Robbins would qualify. Now 65 years old, retired and living near Pinehurst, N.C., he is certainly a veteran among seniors. When Tom Robbins, who didn’t start playing until he was 31, entered senior golf, he nearly ran away with the show. He won the championship of the United States Seniors’ Golf Association in 1951 and 1952, the championship of the American Seniors’ Golf Association in 1951, the old Masters Tournament in 1951, 1952 and 1953 and whole series of senior events at the Winged Foot Golf Club, in Westchester County and in the Metropolitan New York area. In the fourth USGA Senior Amateur Championship this fall, Tom Robbins was the third oldest of the thirty-two who qualified for match play, but he proved he can still hold his own with the best by going all the way to win his first victory. The championship was held at the pic­ turesque Monterey Peninsula Country Club, in Pebble Beach, Cal., and in the minds of many Californians, had been made to order for “young” John W. Daw­ son, of Palm Desert, Cal., the 1949 Wal­ ker Cup player, who had turned 55 earlier in the year and already had won the championship of the United States Seniors’ Golf Association in his first year of eligibility. Of course, J. Clark Espie, of Indianapolis, 59, also was a man to be reckoned with, since he was defending Champion, as well as runner-up in 1956. Tom Robbins met them head-on, as be­ comes a Champion. He disposed of Espie in the semi-finals, 2 up, and Dawson in the final, 2 and 1. Against Espie, he scored a 76, four over par. Against Daw­ n son, he did the seventeen holes in one under par. Dawson’s victim by 2 and 1 in the other semi-final was 56-year-old Ross McDade, Jr., of El Centro, Cal., for­ mer Louisiana Champion and a frequent competitor on the Monterey Peninsula. Although close all the way, the final really broke at the 372-yard eighth hole, where Tom Robbins sliced his drive into a ravine and then, with his ball lying in a shallow stream, played a magnificent No. 4 iron 160 yards through guarding trees dead to the hole for a birdie 3. It gave him a lead he never relinquished, and he has since donated the iron to the USGA Museum in “Golf House” to per­ petuate the memory of the shot. It was apparent that the seniors, who seem to have a good time everywhere, had an especially good time on the Monterey Peninsula. The Country Club’s course, which measures an interesting 6,236 yards, threads through pine woods and along oceanside sand dunes to pro­ vide spectacular variety. And near-by in the Del Monte Forest are the famed Peb­ ble Beach Golf Links and the Cypress Point Club. Most of the seniors took time to play them, too, although there were also, at the Country Club, consolation match play flights of sixteen for non­ qualifiers and an 18-hole consolation stroke round for all who were beaten in the first round of match play. In addition, the social amenities were exploited to the full, not only at the cus­ tomary USGA Players’ Dinner but in other ways. On the Sunday evening be­ fore play started, the California Seniors Golf Association entertained at the hill­ top home of Col. and Mrs. Warren J. Clear and the hospitality there was as breath-taking as the view of Monterey Bay. On Monday morning, as each player teed off, he was presented a silver money clip, suitably engraved, as a gift from the California Seniors. As the players mov­ ed over the course they found eager USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 and friendly “fore-caddies” behind al­ most every hill and tree, all members of the 200-man senior association which op­ erates within the membership of the Country Club and organized by Rear ndm, Clifford W. Eshom. Clark Espie opened his defense by win­ ning the qualifying medal with a one-un­ der-par 35 36—71, the lowest score in the comparatively brief history of the event. Eight players tied at 79 for the last of the thirty-two places in the Champion­ ship, and the early darkness which fell with the return to standard time forced a postponement of the play-off to the fol­ lowing morning. Then, playing through heavy dew, Vincent Fitzgerald, of Gar­ den City, N.Y., made a solid par 4 on the first and a twelve-foot putt for a birdie 3 on the second to take the place. Adrian McManus, father of the semi­ finalist in the recent Amateur Champion­ ship in San Francisco, was a local favorite since in the preceding week he had suc­ cessfully defended his California Senior Championship by scoring two 70s on this same course. It was, therefore, a mild surprise when he was beaten by James H McAlvin of Lake Forest, Ill., in the first round. For 68 year-old Chick Evans, of Chi­ cago, the former Amateur and Open Champion, this fourth Senior Amateur Championship carried a special thrill. For the first time, he qualified for match play, with a fine 77, and then won two matches before bowing to Espie, 4 and 3, in the quarter-finals. Evans was one of those who assisted in establishing a USGA Championship for seniors. SENIOR GOLFERS - AND CHAMPIONS, TOO —Julian P. Graham Photo John W. Dawson (left) turned 55 this year and made his first attempt to win the USGA Senior Amateur Championship at the Monterey Peninsula Country Club, in Pebble Beach, Cal., but he was turned back in a par-breaking final by Thomas C. Robbins (right), who is 65 and has learned a trick or two about senior golf. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 19 PANELS TO DISCUSS COURSE REBUILDING Green Section Program in New York In the life of almost every golf club the question ultimately arises whether the golf course should be altered, and how. It is a question with many sides. Light will be thrown on the subject in the annual Educational Program of the USGA Green Section at the Biltmore Hotel in New York, on Friday, January 30, the day before the USGA’s Annual Meeting. Topic of the all-day program will be: “Golf Course Rebuilding and Remodeling—Factors to Consider.” The morning session’s sub-topic will be: “Basic Agronomic Consideration in Re­ building.” This should be of special in­ terest to golf course superintendents. It will start at 10 a.m. The afternoon session will be slanted for green committee chair­ men under the topic: “Factors Pertain- ing to Design, Financing and Timeliness in the Rebuilding Operation.” It will start at 2:30 p.m. USGA Member Clubs are cordially in­ vited to send two representatives each. Admission will be free. Lunch will be served at $5 for those who make reserva­ tions to the USGA in New York by Jan­ uary 15. Proceedings will be reported in subsequent issues of the USGA Journal. The Educational Program will be un­ der the chairmanship of William C. Cha­ pin, of Rochester, N.Y., Chairman of the Green Section Committee. The Vice-Chair­ man will be Edwin Hoyt, of Darien, Conn., Northeastern District Chairman of the Committee. The program follows: MORNING SESSION Basic Agronomic Considerations in Rebuilding Introduction—William H. Bengeyfield, Moderator; Western Director, USGA Green Section, Garden Grove, Cal. Renovation vs. Rebuilding—A.M. Rad- ko, Eastern Director, USGA Green Sec­ tion, New Brunswick, N.J. Good Drainage for Greens—Dr. Ralph E. Engel, Associate Research Specialist in Turf Management, Department of Farm Crops, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. Soils—Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Mid­ Continent Director and National Re­ search Coordinator, USGA Green Section, College Station, Texas. Grasses—Prof. H.B. Musser, Professor of Agronomy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. Question and Answer Session—Panel: The speakers listed above plus James M. Latham, Jr., Southeastern Agronomist, and James L. Holmes, Mid-Western Agronomist, USGA Green Section. AFTERNOON SESSION Factors Pertaining to Design, Financing, and Timeliness in the Rebuilding Operation Introduction—Charles K. Hallowell, Moderator; Mid-Atlantic Director, USGA Green Section, Beltsville, Md. Design with Respect to Play—Robert Trent Jones, Golf Course Architect, New York, N.Y. Design with Respect to Maintenance Practices—William F. Gordon, Golf Course Architect, Doylestown, Pa. Financing the Remodeling Job—Dr. Andrew P. Virtuoso, Chairman, Grounds Committee, Whippoorwill Club, Armonk, N.Y. The Time Factor in Remodeling— T.T. Taylor, Northeastern Agronomist, USGA Green Section, New Brunswick, N.J. Question and Answer Session—Panel: The speakers listed above plus James M. Latham, Jr., Southeastern Agronomist, and James L. Holmes, Mid-Western Agronomist, USGA Green Section. 20 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 DOUBLE QUALIFYING FOR OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP New System To Be Tested Anew system of double qualifying for the USGA Open Championship has been adopted for trial in 1959. Instead of 36-hole sectional qualifying at approximately 28 locations, there will be two series of trials: 1. Local Qualifying Rounds at a large number of locations; 71 locations are being surveyed. These events will be at 36 holes on Monday, May 18. There will be a broad range of exemptions, for per­ haps as many as 90 players. Approxi­ mately 20 per cent of the entries, or about 500 players, will become eligible for the second qualifying series. The ex­ emptions would include all former Open, Amateur, PGA and British Open Cham­ pions, members of the most recent USGA international team and PGA Ryder Cup team, the twenty lowest scorers in the 1958 Open and PGA Championships, the twenty leading money winners on the P<^A tour at the time of closing of en­ tries, the 1958 British Amateur Cham­ pion and the head professional of the entertaining club. 2. Sectional Qualifying Championships at approximately 13 locations, on Mon­ day, June 1, at 36 holes. Exemptions will be available to the same limited cate­ gories as in recent years. These include the last five winners (Ed Furgol, Jack Fleck, Cary Middlecoff, Dick Mayer and Tommy Bolt), the 1958 Amateur Cham­ pion (Charles R. Coe), the 1958 PGA Champion (Dow Finsterwald), the 1958 Pritish Open Champion (Peter Thomson), the 1958 British Amateur Champion (Joseph B. Carr), the head professional at the entertaining club (Claude Harmon) and the ten lowest scorers in the 1958 Open, excluding any of the last five win­ ners (Gary Player, Julius Boros, Gene Littler, Walter Burkemo, Robert R. Ros­ burg, Jay Hebert, Dick Metz, Don Jan­ uary, Ben Hogan, Frank Stranahan and Tommy Jacobs). Locations under consideration for these Sectional Qualifying Championships are SUBSCRIBERS TO U.S.G.A. GREEN SECTION RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FUND, INC. Augusta National Golf Augusta, Ga. Club, Catto & Putty, Floyd Farley, Georgia Florida Turf Association, Lionel MacDuff, Metropolitan Golf Writers' Association, National Golf Fund, Inc., New England Golf Association, San Antonio, Oklahoma City, Tex. Okla. Winter Park, Fla. Lynn, Mass. Manhasset, N. Y. Dunedin, Fla. Boston, Mass. Association Connecticut State Golf Maine State Golf Association Massachusetts State Golf Association New England Golf Association New Hampshire State Golf Association Rhode Island State Golf Association Vermont Golf Association Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., Duluth, Minn. Los Angeles, Denver, Washington, At­ lanta, Chicago, Detroit, Kansas City, Springfield, N.J., Buffalo, Cincinnati, Portland, Ore., Memphis and Fort Worth. A $100 prize will be awarded to the lead­ ing professional in each round. The field for the Championship pro­ per will be reduced from about 500 to 150, instead of 162 as before, by this second phase. The Championship will be played at the Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, N.Y., June 11-12-13. Each entrant will be required to com­ pete at the location nearest his home, in each phase, unless he obtains the USGA’s permission to transfer. Transfers for Local Qualifying Rounds must be request­ ed before entries close, and for Sectional Qualifying Championships before Local results are determined. The double qualifying series is design­ ed to give improved opportunity for the most capable players to qualify for the Championship. The entry for the Championship last year rose to a record 2,133 players, and as a result there were 15 entrants for each available place. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 21 FEDERAL TAX APPLIES TO MINIMUM CHARGES By WM. WARD FOSHAY USGA General Counsel The Internal Revenue Service has an­ nounced in Revenue Ruling 58-460, a formal ruling to the effect that the Federal excise tax on club dues applies to mandatory minimum charges for food and drinks imposed by a club upon its members. The ruling states, however, that it is not to be applied to amounts paid by members to a club prior to November 1, 1958. A copy of the ruling follows: Rev.. Rul. 58-460 “The excise tax on club dues, imposed by section 4241 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, applies to mandatory minimum charges for food and drinks, re­ quired to be paid by all members of a social, athletic, or sporting club as a requisite to continued membership in the club. “Advice has been requested concerning the applicability of the excise tax on club dues to mandatory minimum charges for food and drinks imposed by a social, athletic, or sporting club upon its mem­ bers. “A social club operates a restaurant and bar for the use of its members. In order to meet the expenses of the restau­ rant and bar, the club requires from each member a minimum expenditure of $200 for food and drinks during the year. If a member does not make actual pur­ chases totaling $200, he is billed for an additional amount equal to the difference between his actual purchases and $200. If a member makes purchases of food and drinks totaling $200 or more, he will not be billed for any amount in addition to such purchases. This minimum charge is in addition to the initiation fee and other items denominated annual dues paid by each member. “Section 4241 (a) of the Internal Reve­ nue Code of 1954 imposes a tax on any TURF MANAGEMENT The book "Turf Management," sponsored by the United States Golf Association and edited by Prof. H. B. Musser, is a complete and authoritative guide in the practical de­ velopment of golf-course turfs. This 354-page volume is available through the USGA, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y., the USGA Green Section Regional Offices, the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 350 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y., or local bookstores. The cost is $7. amount paid as dues or membership fees to any social, sporting, or athletic club or organization, if the dues or fees of an active resident annual member are in ex­ cess of ten dollars per year. Section 4242 (a) defines the term “dues” to include any assessment, irrespective of the pur­ pose for which made, and any charges for social privileges or facilities, or for golf, tennis, polo, swimming, or other athletic or sporting privileges or facili­ ties, for any period of more than six days. “It is the position of the Internal Reve­ nue Service that any amount required to be paid and/or spent by a member of a social, athletic, or sporting club or organi­ zation as a requisite to continued mem­ bership, or to continued membership in a particular membership class, constitutes a payment of dues within the meaning of section 4242 (a) of the Code. “Accordingly, it is held that, since in the instant case each member must pay the club a minimum of $200, for food and drink and/or the additional amount re­ ferred to, as a requisite to continued membership in the club, the minimum of $200 is considered to be dues and, there­ fore, is subject to the tax imposed by sec­ tion 4241 (a) of the Code. “Under the authority contained in sec­ tion 7805 (b) of the Code, this ruling will not be applied to amounts paid by mem­ bers to a club prior to November 1, 1958.” 22 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 THE REFEREE Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees Example of Symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. “R & A” indi­ cates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. “58-1” means the first decision issued in 1958. “D” means definition. “R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1958 Rules of Golf. "Placing" Off Green, "Dropping" on Green USGA 58-25 R. 32-lc Q: May a player carry his ball off the putting green to a position on the fair­ way (no nearer the hole, of course) in order to avoid casual water on the green? Question by: Albin Martinson Sacramento, Cal. A: Yes. The ball may be lifted and placed without penalty in the nearest position to where it lay which affords maximum relief, but not nearer the hole, even though that “nearest position” is off the putting green. Rule 32-lc governs. USGA 58-26 R. 32-la Q: A ball came to rest in ground under repair bordering a putting green. The nearest place to the spot where it lay not nearer the hole, on ground which avoid­ ed the ground under repair, was on the putting green. Would the player be al­ lowed to drop his ball on the putting green in taking relief under this circum­ stance? Question by: Tom McHugh Kingsburg, Cal. A: Yes. The ball may be lifted and dropped without penalty as near as pos­ sible to the spot where it lay, but not nearer the hole, on ground which avoids the ground under repair. Rule 32-la gov­ erns. This answer assumes that the ground under repair is not in a hazard. Opponent Affects Line of Putt USGA 58 27 R. 4, 5, 11-4, 35-lh QI: In match play, a player’s line of putt is impaired by a large ball mark made by his ball in landing. The Rules of Golf prohibit touching the line of putt (except in certain circumstances of which this is not one). The opponent purposely steps on the ball mark and thereby improves the play­ er’s line of putt. Is there any penalty against the op­ ponent? Al: There is nothing in the Rules to permit the action which the opponent took and which circumvented the Rules, and accordingly he should be penalized by loss of hole (Rules 11-4 and 5). See also Rule 35-lh. If there were agreement between the player and the opponent to circumvent USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 23 the Rules, both were subject to disquali­ fication under Rule 4. Q2: Suppose the opponent’s action damaged the player’s line of putt. Would the penalty be the same? A2: Yes. The same principles should apply in stroke play. There is nothing in the Rules of Golf which would permit a competitor to touch the line of a fellow-competitor’s putt purposely to affect it, either for good or ill. If a competitor should touch the line of a fellow-competitor’s putt in this manner, he would incur a penalty of two strokes under Rules 11-4 and 5. See also Rule 35-lh. If it should appear that the line of putt has been touched with the knowledge and consent of the fellow-com­ petitor, both players would be disqualifi­ ed under Rule 4. Testing Surface or Knocking Ball Away? USGA 58-28 R. 35 Id Q: A and B are on a putting green. A putts first and his ball comes to rest about three inches from the cup. B walks over to A’s ball, concedes the putt by knocking the ball toward the same line where B’s ball is at rest. When B knocked A’s ball toward his ball, did this condition constitute a vio­ lation? By knocking the ball toward his ball, B is somewhat testing the surface of the green. Question by: Alan Sonoda Honolulu, Hawaii A: It is a question of fact whether a player tests the surface of the putting green in violation of Rule 35-ld. The man­ ner and apparent purpose of the action would determine in each individual case. Rule 35-2d expressly permits a player to knock away an opponent’s ball in con­ ceding a putt in match play and does not limit the direction. Assigning Penalty with Double Caddie USGA 58-29 R. 114, 40-3e Q: Under Rule 40-3e, in four-ball match play, if an opponent’s caddie moves a player’s ball, the opponent is penalized one stroke but the penalty does not apply to the opponent’s partner. When two opponents on a side have a double caddie and that caddie moves a player’s ball, which opponent incurs the penalty? Question by: Ted Smith Bernardsville, N. J. A: Both opponents, in equity (Rule 11- 4). In such a circumstance, there is no fair way of assigning the penalty to only one member of the side. Ball May Be Cleaned Only Once per Stroke USGA 58-30 LR Q: When a local rule allows a player to clean his ball on the putting green and the player marks the ball, cleans it and replaces it, may he pick it up again and re-clean it before playing his next stroke? A: No. In proceeding under the local rule in the USGA Appendix to the Rules cf Golf which permits cleaning the ball on the putting green on specific days when weather conditions warrant, the ball may be cleaned only once prior to any stroke. Cuttings May Be Loose Impediments USGA 58-33 D. 13, 17 R. 18, 32 Q: Greensmen throw away clippings from green. They don’t pile it up to be i emoved. My ball is on a good-sized bunch of clippings. Can I lift it off with no penalty? Question by: August Nordone Jamesville, N. Y. A: Not unless the clippings are piled for removal, in which case they consti­ tute ground under repair; see Definition 13 and Rule 32. Otherwise, the grass cuttings are loose impediments (Definition 17) and play is governed by Rule 18. The clippings may be removed without penalty, but if the ball moves, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke and the ball is played as it lies. 24 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 MANAGEMENT from the USGA Green Section Effects Of Golf-Shoe Soles On Putting Green Turf By MARVIN H. FERGUSON National Research Coordinator, USGA Green Section Golf shoes with ripple soles leave a characteristic mark on putting greens. When these shoes began to find favor, many golfers were concerned about their effects upon putting-green turf. On some golf courses, players were not permitted to wear shoes with this type of sole. Because of the need for accurate in­ formation pertaining to the damage to be expected from shoes of various types, a series of tests were inaugurated at Texas A. & M. College. These tests were conducted by Carlton E. Gipson and Richard K. Potts, undergraduate students in the Department of Agronomy and recipients of Trans-Mississippi Golf As­ sociation turf scholarships. This study had two objectives: 1. To determine the extent of damage which might result from heavy traffic imposed by the soles in question. 2. To determine the effect of sur­ face marks left by the ripple sole shoe on the course of a rolling golf ball. Procedure vidual plot was one foot wide and 30 feet long. The plots were traversed daily, with the two men exchanging plots on alter­ nate days. One man weighed 160 pounds and wore a size 9% shoe. The other weighed 180 pounds and wore a size 11 shoe. Walking began on April 29 at 15 tra­ verses per day and continued at this rate until May 13. At this time the traffic was increased to 20 traverses per day. This daily amount of traffic was continued until June 3. Each of the plots receiving traffic was subjected to 630 traverses during this period of time. Visual ratings of turf density were made on May 13, 20, 27 and June 3. In these numerical ratings, the check plot, which was undamaged, was accorded a rating of 10. The traffic damaged plots were given lower numerical ratings de­ pending upon the extent of damage. Ratings were made individually by the two investigators and the weekly ratings were averaged. Results of these ratings are shown in Table I. Tests were conducted at College Sta­ tion, Texas, on a turf of seaside bent­ grass. The first objective was to study the effect of traffic imposed by the vari­ ous sole types. The tests consisted of three treatments and a check (untreated) strip. Tests were conducted in quadruplicate. Each indi­ Another evaluation method employed is the double quadrat (DQ) method de­ vised by Nutter, Sumrell and White. In this method a one-square-foot grid is used. The grid is divided into 100 squares. It is placed at random on the turf a pre­ determined number of times, and two counts are made. In the first count is in- USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 25 1 May 13 I May 20 i | May 27 June 3 1 . o N n a M 2 . o N n a M e g a r e v A 1 . o N n a M 2 . o N n a M e g a r e v A j 2 . o N n a M 1 . o N n a M 1 . o N n a M 2 . o N n a M e g a r e v A e g a r e v A 4.5 5.0 0.5 5.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0' 7.5 4.5 0.3 7.0 3.3 5.75 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.C 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.5 3.0 6.0 0.5 4.0 7.0 0.5 3.8 7.0 0.5 5.0 7.5 0.5 5.0 7.5 0.5 3.5 7.0 0 3.5 5.5 1 5.0 7.0 8.0 0.3 5.0 3.3 8.0 6.0 8.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.5 3.0 6.0 0.5 4.0 6.5 0.5 4.3 6.8 0 3.5 6.0 0.5 4.5 7.5 0.5 4.5 7.5 0.5 4.5 7.5 0.5 4.5 7.0 5.0 7.5 8.3 4.0 6.0 7.0 0.3 4.5 3.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 4.3 5.8 6.8 0.5 4.0 6.0 0.5 3.8 6.5 0.5 3.5 6.0 0.5 4.5 7.0 0.5 4.8 6.8 0 3.0 6.0 0.5 4.5 6.5 0.5 4.0 7.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 0.3 4.0 3.8 7.0 5.8 7.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0 3.5 5.5 0.5 4.0 6.0 0.5 3.5 5.8 0.5 4.5 6.5 4.0 6.5 7.3 0.5 3.0 5.5 0.5 4.5 7.0 0.5 4.0 6.0 0.5 4.5 6.8 0.5 4.5 4.8 6.81 7.56 i 71 10.0 10.0 I 0.5 3.8 6.5 10.0 0.25 3.44 5.87 10.0 Rep I Spike Rubber Cleated Ripple Sole Check Rep II Spike Rubber Cleated Ripple Sole Check Rep III Spike Rubber Cleated Ripple Sole Check Rep IV Spike Rubber Cleated Ripple Sole Check Average for Week Spike Rubber Cleated Ripple Sole Check Table I. Visual density rating using a one to ten system with ten being the check turf. eluded all the squares in which there is some turf. The second count is of those squares completely covered with turf. In this experiment counts were made in six random locations on each plot and the counts were averaged. Data received from this method are presented in Table II. Another measurement of damage was 26 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 Spikes Cleats Ripple Soles Replication D Q 1 D Q 2 Av. D Q 1 D Q 2 Av. D Q 1 D Q 2 Av. I II III IV 81 83 39.3 60.15 97.0 51.0 74.0 100 71.7 85.85 40.1 61.55 98.6 50.8 74.7 100 74.5 87.25 81.3 37.5 59.4 99.2 51.5 75.35 100 85.6 92.8 86.5 41.8 64.15 98.8 43.6 71.2 100 68.0 84.0 Average 82.96 38.48 60.72 98.42 49.25 73.83 100 75.0 87.5 Table II. Ratings of damage to turf inflicted by three types of shoes. The D Q method described in the text was used to estimate the degree of turf injury. considered to be the amount of com­ paction or surface deformation that oc­ curred in each path. A straight edge was placed across each path and the curva­ ture of the surface was plotted. The second objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of the ripple sole footprint upon the course of a roll­ ing golf ball. A ball was rolled from a curved aluminum tube and released from a con­ stant height. The point at which the ball came to rest was marked and later plot­ ted to scale. This test was conducted on a slight slope and under the following conditions: (1) unblemished turf, (2) one deep ripple sole footprint 3 feet from the end of the tube in the path of the ball, (3) one deep ripple sole footprint 6.7 feet from the end of the tube in the path of the ball. Conclusions The visual density ratings shown in Table I show the rate of progression of the turf injury as the experiment con­ tinued. These ratings also show that the replications behave uniformly and that the individual ratings of the two investi­ gators were in close agreement. There was a gradual decline in the turf subjected to traffic until May 13. During the week of May 13 to May 20 there was a rapid decline of plots traversed by spike shoes and rubber cleats. The plots traversed by ripple soles continued to decline gradually. These ratings indicate that all types of traffic produced some injury. They further indicate that the least damage resulted from use of ripple soles, the most severe damage was produced by spikes and an intermediate degree of damage was produced by rubber cleats. It is considered that turf with any rating below 5.0 in this evaluation would be completely unsatisfactory for putting. The method of evaluation wherein the double quadrat reading (DQ index) is obtained gives scores which are in fairly close agreement with those obtained by the visual method. These scores are pre­ sented in Table II. Undamaged turf is given a DQ Index of 100. The average DQ Index for ripple soles is 87.5; for rubber cleats, 73.83; and for spikes 60.72. The third criterion of damage that was used is a measurement of compaction or deformation of the putting surface. In each replication, the ripple-sole shoes made a slightly wider path and spike shoes made a slightly deeper path. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 27 From these ratings and measurements it is concluded that spikes wear out turf quicker and more completely than the other shoes in the test and that the ripple sole shoes produce the least damage on turf. The second part of the experiment in­ volved measuring the effect of ripple sole footprints on the direction of travel of a rolling golf ball. Diagrams of the results indicate that these foot­ prints produce no appreciable effect upon a rolling golf ball. The result is the same whether the footprint is near the point of release or near the point where the ball stops rolling. There is an interesting sidelight to this portion of the experiment. It was found that to attain uniformity in direction and distance of roll, the ball must be re­ leased in precisely the same manner each time. If the ball is released in such a way that it has a slight sidespin (detected by a stripe around the ball) its path is unpredictable. On the other hand when the ball is released in such a manner that it rolls straight over, it is not easily de­ flected even by serious defects in the putting surface. The balls roll so cer­ tainly that it is possible to place 23 of 25 balls in a cup from a distance of 8 feet eyen when the balls passed over a very deep footprint. The results of this experiment indicate that, according to these techniques and under these conditions, there is no basis for discriminating against ripple sole shoes. COMING EVENTS December 8-10 13th Annual Texas Turfgrass Conference Texas A. & M. College College Station, Texas Dr. Ethan C. Holt 1959 January 8-9 Mid-Atlantic Turfgrass Conference University of Maryland College Park, Md. Dr. George S. Langford January 12-15 Rutgers Four-Day Turfgrass School Rutgers University New Brunswick, N. J. Dr. Ralph E. Engel January 25-30 30th National Turfgrass Conference and Show Sherman Hotel Chicago, III. Agar M. Brown January 30 USGA Green Section Educational Program Vanderbilt Hotel New York, N. Y. February 16-19 Penn State Turfgrass Conference Nittany Lion Inn University Park, Pa. Prof. H. B. Musser February 23-24 Southern Turfgrass Association Conference (tentative) March 5-6 Annual Turfgrass Conference University of Massachusetts Amherst, Mass. Dr. Eliot C. Roberts EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC DAMAGE FROM THREE TYPES OF SOLES On the left is an expanse of Seaside bentgrass turf at the beginning of the traffic damage study. The three types of soles used were ripple, lug and spiked. On the right is the same expanse of turf after five weeks of traffic. The shoes are placed on the respective paths over which they have passed 630 times. 23 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 Some Effects Of 2,4-D On Turf grass Seedlings By R. E. SCHMIDT and H. B. MUSSER Instructor in Agronomy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and Professor of Agronomy, The Pennsylvania State University, respectively. The effectiveness of 2,4-D for control of many species of weeds in estab­ lished turf is widely recognized. Differ­ ences in tolerance of the various grasses to the chemical are understood, and in most cases satisfactory treatment pro­ cedures have been developed. However, only very limited information is available on the 2,4-D toxicity to grasses in the seedling stage. Since weeds frequently may develop faster than the grass seedlings they become a serious problem in new seedings. Satisfactory control methods are contingent upon a knowledge of grass seedling tolerance to 2,4-D at different stages of maturity un­ der various treatment rates and environ­ mental conditions. Field and greenhouse studies recently completed at the Pennsylvania Agricul­ tural Experiment Station have shown that there are significant differences in the tolerance of seedlings of Kentucky bluegrass, creeping red fescue and coloni­ al bentgrass to 2,4-D. Where seedling in­ jury occurred, the plants were weakened and discolored. Those injured most severely eventually died, thus resulting in pronounced reduction in turf density. The results of the study showed, also, that the degree and persistence of in­ jury was affected by the age of the seedlings, the rate of herbicide applica­ tion, the period when treated and the ex­ tent to which there was root absorption of the toxicant. Field Experiment The diethanolamine salt of 2,4-D was applied to seedlings of the three species at rates of one-half and one pound actual toxicant per acre. Treatments were made in 1957 on spring (early May), summer (late June) and fall (late August) seed­ ings when the seedlings were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks old. Applications were made with a small experimental sprayer, designed to obtain uniform coverage with small volumes of solution. Effects of the This study was conducted at The Pennsylvania State University and was supported in part by a grant from the U.S.G.A. Green Section Research & Education Fund, Inc. treatments were measured by turf densi­ ty determinations, using the modified point quadrat method, made six weeks after each of the treatments on the spring and summer seedings and in the spring following the fall treatments. Differences in turf density due to treatments were recorded as percentages of the density of untreated control plots. The plus or minus percentage differences in stand density between the treated and untreated turf are shown in Tables A, B and C. It will be noted that both rates of treatment caused serious reductions in density of the two-week-old turf of all three species at all treatment periods. Treatments of the four week old turf showed serious injury to the bent, some­ what less to the fescue, and very little to the Kentucky bluegrass. At six weeks of age treatments were still causing ma­ terial reductions in the density of the bent turf. Fescue seedlings of the same age showed appreciably less injury, while the differences on the Kentucky blue­ grass were so slight as to be negligible. Treatments of 8 and 10-week-old turf showed significant injury only to the bent when applied in the fall at the heavier rate. This supports several reports of ob­ servations that bentgrass suffers more permanent injury from fall treatments of 2,4-D than at other periods. A comparison of the effects of the treatments of the spring, summer and fall seeded turf shows that the injury to the fescue and bluegrass was much more severe from the spring and summer ap­ plications than in the fall. The fact that significant differences in density of the bent were still in evidence in the spring following the fall treatments at all seed­ ling ages indicates more serious injury at this treatment period. This is further supported by the very low differences recorded for the 8 and 10-week-old plants receiving the spring and summer treat­ ments. The only conclusion that can be drawn from a comparison of the effects of the one-half and one pound treatment rates USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 29 Table A Percentage variation in turf density of treated over untreated controls for spring, summer, and fall seeded colonial bentgrass at various intervals after emergence. Age When Treated 2 wks. 4 wks. 6 wks. 8 wks. 10 wks. * Significant at the 5% level a. Rates 1 —48* —34 —27 — 8 — 1 Spring (Lbs. per Acre) Vi —52* —39* —27 —18 + 2 b. Rates 1 —45* —35* —20* — 8 + 2 Summer (Lbs. per Acre) y2 —50* —33* — 8 — 4 + 1 c. Rates 1 —13* —28* —24* —17* —11* Fall (Lbs. Per Acre) y2 —15* —11* —21* —13* — 7 Table B. Percentage variation in turf density of treated over untreated controls for spring, summer, and fall seeded creeping red fescue at various intervals after emergence. Age When Treated a. Rates 1 —40* _ 61* —11 + 2 — 5 2 wks. 4 wks. 6 wks. 8 wks. 10 wks. * Significant at the 5% level. Spring (Lbs. per Acre) Vi —21 —51* — 4 — 6 0 b. Rates 1 —43* —31* —18 —14 — 7 Summer (Lbs. per Acre) y2 —30* — 8 4- 1 — 9 3 c. Rates 1 — 7 — 9 —14 — 6 4- 3 Fall (Lbs. Per Acre) y2 — 3 0 —13 — 3 — 6 Table C. Percentage variation in turf density of treated over untreated controls for spring, summer, and fall seeded Kentucky bluegrass at various intervals after emergence. Age When Treated 2 wks. 4 wks. 6 wks. 8 wks. 10 wks. * Significant at the 5% level a. Rates 1 —39* —19* — 3 — 5 + 5 Spring (Lbs. per Acre) Vi —23* 4- 3 — 9 —21 — 2 b. Rates 1 —36* — 9 — 3 — 4 —10 Summer (Lbs. per Acre) y2 —38* —14 — 8 4- 3 — 7 c. Rates 1 — 6 —16* — 5 — 1 — 8 Fall (Lbs. Per Acre) y2 — 2 —13 — 3 — 8 — 7 is that injury to susceptible plants is just about as likely to occur at the lower as at the higher rate. If this is true, its practical importance is that it is not pos­ sible to avoid injury to seedling grass from early treatments by reducing treat­ ment rates. It is recognized that the results of this experiment, conducted at a specific loca­ tion, cannot be applied directly to areas with materially different environmental conditions. The principal over-all value of the work is that it indicates that there are material differences in seedling re­ sistance to 2,4-D among the grasses and that this will vary depending on the age of the plants and the period when the treatments are made. Since soil moisture was maintained at levels sufficient to insure normal growth and temperatures throughout the test period were of the moderate type normally occurring in this section, the results probably indicate the safe minimum periods following seedling emergence for 2,4-D treatments of the various grasses. Greenhouse Experiment It is generally accepted that 2,4-D in­ corporate in the soil prior to seeding may materially affect germination and seedling development. This immediately laises the question of whether a suffi­ cient quantity of the chemical will get into the soil, when applied as a surface spray to seedling turf, to cause injury. A greenhouse experiment was established in the spring of 1958 to study this possi­ bility. 30 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 Kentucky bluegrass was seeded in pre­ pared soil firmed uniformly into glass­ front frames under a surface mulch of ap­ proximately one-half inch of permalite. The frames were constructed so that they inclined at a 30° angle. This permitted observation and measurement of root and rhizome development through the glass front. Following seedling emerg­ ence the stand in each frame was thinned to 4 equally spaced plants. Prior to 2,4-D treatments the frames were divided into two equal groups of 18 each. The permalite was vacuumed off the one group before each differential treatment and left intact on the other. Treatments with the diethanolamine salt of 2,4-D were applied uniformly to both groups of frames at rates of one-half and cne and one-quarter pounds of actual toxicant per acre at 15, 30 and 45 days after seedling emergence. Immediately following each treatment the permalite mulch was vacuumed off the mulched series to prevent leaching of 2,4-D into the soil. All frames were then remulched with fresh permalite. The effects of the 2,4-D treatments were measured by observational ratings of top growth injury at 2 and 8 weeks follow­ ing application, by root counts made through the glass fronts of the frames and by determination of tiller numbers and dry weights of tops, rhizomes and roots at the end of the experiment. The observational ratings of top growth injury resulting from the various treat­ ments are shown in Table D. Table D Top growth injury ratings of mulched and non-mulched Kentucky blue­ grass treated with two rates of 2,4-D when 15, 30, and 45 days old. Age When Treated (Days) 15 15 15 15 30 30 33 30 45 45 45 45 2,4-D Rate Lbs. % V/4 r/4 % y2 iy4 1¥4 % ¥a iy4 iy4 Mulching Treatment Vz inch None ¥2 inch None % inch None % inch None ¥2 inch None ¥2 inch None Weeks After Treatment 2 Slight Moderate Moderate Severe Moderate Moderately Severe Moderate Moderately Severe Slight Moderate Slight Moderate 8 None Moderate None Slight None Slight None Slight None None None Slight These results conform, in general, with those obtained from field treatments of Kentucky bluegrass. Plant injury de­ creased materially as the age of the plants, at time of treatment, increased. It n of interest, also, that more severe in­ jury occurred on the unmulched frames. This suggests that root absorption of 2,4-D was at least partially responsible for the more severe damage. This observation is further substantiated by the root growth data shown in Table E. Table E Relative root growth of Kentucky bluegrass six weeks after treatment as influenced by 2,4-D treatments of mulched and unmulched plants. 2, 4-D Rate Lbs. Mulching Treatment ¥2 % 1¥4 1¥4 Check % inch None J/2 inch None * Significant at the 5% level Root number percentages of plants treated at various times after emergence 15 Hays 75* 52* 64* 49* 100 30 Days 78* 63* 75* 56* 155 45 Days 84 91 96 83 100 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 31 The results show significantly greater in­ jury to root development at the 15 and 30 day treatment periods on the un­ mulched frames than on the mulched. Here, again, injury was less severe on the older plants. The effect of treatments on tillering and weights of tops, rhizomes and roots are given in Table F. This data was taken at the end of the experiment when plants were approximately 4 months old. A comparison of tiller numbers and weight of tops of the treated plants with the controls shows that the treatments did not permanently affect these portions of the plants. On the other hand there was a very significant reduction in rhizome development. This was particu­ larly severe on the unmulched frames, and again suggests that root absorption of the chemical is an important factor in the treatment of seedling grass. Table F. Average tiller numbers and dry weights1 of tops, rhizomes, and roots fourteen weeks after emergence of Kentucky bluegrass treated and un­ treated with 1V4 lbs., of 2,4-D when 15, 30, and 45 days old. Mulching Treatment % inch None V2 inch None % inch None Age When Treated 15 15 30 30 45 45 Check 1 Weight expressed in grams * Significant at the 5% level (Note: No consistent significant difference between the % lb. and DA lb. rate.) Weight of Rhizomes 6.5* 1.8* 6.1* 3.1* 4.5* 2.6* 8.5 Weight of Tops 17.2 14.8 19.6 21.3 21.8 21.1 21.0 Tiller Numbers 157 145 168 169 172 193 167 Weight of Roots 5.4 2.8* 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.1 6.2 The results of the greenhouse study strongly suggest that turf density must be taken into consideration when making practical applications of 2,4-D to seedling grasses. The significantly greater injury to both tops and rhizomes from early treatments of unmulched plants appar­ ently was due to penetration of larger quantities of the chemical into the soil with proportionally greater root absorp­ tion. Where sparse stands are treated, it is reasonable to expect that larger quan­ tities of the solution would be washed into the soil than where density is high and more is held on the foliage. When planning to treat thin stands, therefore, it would seem wise to delay applications until plants are at least two to three weeks older than the field experiments indicated would be a safe age at greater densities. SEED BANK The United States Department of Agri­ culture has established a seed repository at Ft. Collins, Colo., for the purpose of preserving seed stocks for the use of plant breeders and research specialists. 1. Only seed will be accepted for storage, because other types of plant material would create exceptional difficulties. 2. All seed accepted becomes Fed­ eral property and will be made avail­ able to qualified research workers without cost. 3. The criterion of seed stocks ac­ cepted will be their value as basic germ plasm for future use and com­ parison. Each shall be fully docu­ mented as to source and development history. A major consideration in ac­ ceptance will be proper and full rec­ ords. 4. Any bonafide research worker of the United States or its territories and possessions may receive labora­ tory seed if it is not available else­ where. 5. The laboratory will arrange for rejuvenation of seed stocks when loss of viability becomes serious or when stocks need replenishment. 32 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1956 IT’S YOUR HONOR Four New Pros To The USGA: I wish to inform the USGA of my intention to become a professional golfer. I would like to thank the USGA for the many honors I receiv­ ed as an amateur. Winning the Na­ tional Amateur and participating in the international cup matches were privileges which I wish every ama­ teur golfer could enjoy. These oc­ casions will always be remembered by me as some of the finest events of my life. It is with regret that I leave amateur golf. However, I believe that my I will be happier by making golf career. Hillman Robbins, Sumter, S. C. Jr. To The USGA: my This letter will inform you of intention to enter the field of pro­ fessional golf. I believe this is a logical step for me, and I think my decision is the right one. I want to say that I’ve certainly enjoyed my association with the USGA very much. One of my biggest thrills was being named on the Walker Cup Team and being able to participate on the winning side. I’m sure it is something I shall never forget. Rex Baxter, Jr. Fort Worth, Texas To The USGA: I wish at this time to declare my intent to play golf professionally. I have played once in the USGA Ama­ teur and once in the USGA Open. I am proud to have been able to parti­ cipate and am grateful to the USGA for its many courtesies. C. William Thornton, Jr. Jupiter, Fla. To The USGA: . . . I’m going to miss every aspect of being an amateur, and I shall al­ ways be one at heart and always sin­ cerely believe in amateurism. But golf as a game is imbedded too deeply in me to have to relinquish it to a great extent. If I were not a per­ fectionist on its technique, then a once-a-week outing would be suffi­ cient. I tried hard for a year and half to find a job that would permit a combination, but to no avail . . . Aside from the economic value of being a pro, I feel that I can accom­ plish more to encourage young peo­ ple to take up golf through clinics and exhibitions. I have always had a great interest in junior golf—remem­ bering way back when. One last thing I want you to know —had I won the Amateur this year, I would have defended the title. Miss Barbara Romack Sacramento, Cal. Grateful Senior To The USGA: I certainly want to thank you for the privilege of playing in the 1958 Senior Amateur Championship at Monterey Peninsula Country Club. It was one of the highlights of my golf­ ing career, and the wonderful ex­ periences and friendships made will always be cherished. Forrest R. Diehl Des Moines, Iowa Curtis Cupper Speaks To The USGA: You have a different feeling when you represent your country instead of just yourself. You feel that not only you as a person, but, more im­ portant, your country may be judged by your actions. You feel both a golf and social responsibility. Member 1958 Curtis Cup Team USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: NOVEMBER, 1958 33 USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PRESIDENT John D. Ames, Chicago, III. VICE-PRESIDENTS John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. SECRETARY John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: C. W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. Emerson Carey, Jr., Denver, Colo. William C. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y. Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. Richmond Gray, Richmond, Va. Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. Stuart A. Heatley, San Francisco, Cal. William McWane, Birmingham, Ala. F. Warren Munro, Portland, Ore. Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., Duluth, Minn. HONORARY MEMBER J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. GENERAL COUNSEL Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Joseph C. Dey, Jr., New York, N. Y. John P English, Assistant Executive Director USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House", 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. CHAMPIONSHIP: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: John G. Clock, Long Beach, Cal. IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: C. W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. MEMBERSHIP: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. GREEN SECTION: William C. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Charles Dennehy, Lake Forest, III. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: F. Warren Munro, Portland, Ore. PUBLIC LINKS: Emerson Carey, Jr., Denver, Colo. HANDICAP: Richmond Gray, Richmond, Va. Handicap Procedure: William O. Blaney, Boston, Mass ' mass. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: B. H. Ridder, Jr. (Acting) SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: William McWane, Birmingham, Ala. . GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. MUSEUM: C. W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. BOB JONES AWARD: Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. FINANCE: Charles L. Peirson, Boston, Mass. USGA GREEN SECTION EASTERN REGION Northeastern Office: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J. Alexander M. Radko, Director, Eastern Region T. T. Taylor, Northeastern Agronomist Mid-Atlantic Office: South Building, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md Charles K. Hallowell, Mid-Atlantic Director Southeastern Office: Connor Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. James M. Latham, Jr., Southeastern Agronomist Southwestern Office: Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas MID-CONTINENT REGION Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Director, Mid-Continent Region and National Research Coordinator James B. Moncrief, Southwestern Agronomist Mid-Western Office: Room 241, LaSalle Hotel, Chicago 2, III. James L. Holmes, Mid-Western Agronomist Western Office: P. O. Box 567, Garden Grove, Cal. William H. Bengeyfield, Director, Western Region WESTERN REGION