ISGA
JOURNAL

AND

TURF MANAGEMENT

VICTORY FLING

Arnold Palmer whips off his cap and tosses it into the air after com­
pleting his final round in 65 strokes in the 60th Open Championship at 
Cherry Hills Country Club, Denver. A few minutes afterwards he learned 
he was the new Open Champion. Palmer scored 72-71-72-65—280 and his 
last stroke was a five-foot putt. Jack Nicklaus finished second with 71-71- 
69-71—282, highest placing by an amateur since 1933 when John Good­
man won the Championship.

USGA 
JOURNAL 
TURF MANAGEMENT
Published by the United States Golf Association

AND

1940 by United States Golf Association. Permission to reprint articles or material in the USGA
© 
Journal and Turf Management is granted to publishers of newspapers, periodicals and books (unless 
specifically noted otherwise), provided credit is given to the USGA and copyright protection is af­
forded. Neither articles nor other material may be copied or used for any advertising, promotion or 
commercial purpose.

VOL XIII, No. 3 

JULY, 1960

Through the Green _ ____ __ ________________________ ___ ._  
Arnold Palmer Transforms the Open’s Tent of Dreams_____ Joseph C. Dey. Jr. 4
Caddie Camp Attracts 'Youngsters From Street _____ ______ _____________  . 
9
Curtis Cup Won In Sporting Match ___________________  Mrs. Henri Prunaret 10
Do You Know Your Golf? —— ____....  ______________________ ___ 14 •
Public Links Championship Over 39 Years _______ ____ ....____ ____ Bill Inglish 15
Fine Showings By Americans In British Play __ _______________ ___ .......____  17
Golf Writers As Golf Players __________ ___________________  Des Sullivan 19
A Short Course in Course Wrecking ________ _______________ _ Lyal Gapper 20
The Referee: Decisions Under the Rules of Golf ..._____________ _____________ 21
Turf Management:

1

A Completely Automatic Sprinkling System at the Seattle Golf Club

Edward A. Dunn 25
A. Turf Lifting Operation at the Seattle Golf Club___ Edward A. Dunn 27
Tifway Bermudagrass ______________ _____ ____ Dr. Glenn. W. Burton 28
■ Greens Aerification vs Playing Compaction _______ Charles J. Cogan 31
It’s Your Honor: Letters ____________________ ___________________ _____ _  33

Published seven times a year to February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the 
UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION
40 EAST 38th ST., NEW YORK 16, N. Y.
Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30c. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence
cthrkiilrl lisa cant' ♦rt ♦I'ua ahnvA 2>H/It*a<s<2
Entered as Second-class Matter, March 3, 1950, at the Post Office at‘New York, N. Y., under the Act 
of March 8, 1879. Additional entry at the Post Office in Pinehurst, N. C.
Editor: Joseph C. Dey. Jr. Managing Editor: Sterling G. Slappey. All articles voluntarily contributed.

Championship 
or Team Match

Women’s Open

Junior Amateur

USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1960

Entries 
Close

Qualifying
Rounds

Dates 
of Event

Location

Closed

Closed

None

July 21-22-23

July 19

Aug. 3-6

Americas Cup Match***

‘

Girls' Junior

Women’s Amateur

July 29

Aug. 3

_—

None

None

Aug. 11-12

Aug. 15-19

Aug. 22-27

Amateur

Aug. 10

Aug. 30

Sept. 12-17

Worcester C. C.» 
Worcester, Mass.
Milburn G. & C. C., 

Overland Park, Kans.
Ottawa H. & G. Club, ■

Ottawa, Canada
The Oaks C. C., 
Tulsa, Okla.

Tulsa C. C., 

Tulsa, Okla.
St. Louis C. C., 
Clayton, Mo.

Senior Amateur

World Amateur Team

Oyster Harbors C., 
Osterville, Mass.
Sept. 28-Oct. 1 Merton G. C.»
tenon w. u.»
Ardmore, Pa.
••• Americas Cup Match—Men’s amateur teams: Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States.

Sept. 19-24

Aug. 24

Sept. 7

—

Why 18 Holes?

The origin of 18 holes as a standard 
for a round of golf dates back to a deci­
sion in 1764 at the Royal and Ancient 
Golf Club, St. Andrews, Scotland.

An explanation is contained in “A His­
tory of Golf,” written by Robert Brown­
ing, editor of Britain’s “Golfing” Maga­
zine from 1910-1955:

“One of the first and most important 
results of the substitution of St. Andrews 
for Leith (Scotland) as the recognized 
capital of golf was the adoption of 
eighteen holes as the recognized round. In 
the first half of the nineteenth century 
the rules still varied to some extent on 
different courses, and even in such mat­
ters as the number of holes in the round 
there was no recognized practice, the 
figure varying from the five of the origi­
nal Leith lay out to the twenty-five of 
Montrose (Scotland) ....

“At St. Andrews itself the adoption of 
the round of eighteen holes was purely 
arbitrary and even purely accidental. 
Originally both St. Andrews and Prest­
wick (Scotland), its great rival to the 
west, had twelve holes ....

“At St. Andrews, however, the twelve 
holes were laid out in a strip along the 
shore, running out to the (River) Eden. 
The golfers struck off from beside the 
home hole and played 11 holes out to the 
far end of the course, then turned and 
played 11 holes home, playing to the 
same hole as on the outward journey, but 
in reverse directions, and finished off by 
holing out at the same hole from which 
they started. At this time, therefore, the 

round at St. Andrews consisted of twenty- 
two holes. In 1764, however, the Royal 
and Ancient Club passed a resolution 
that the first four holes should be con­
verted into two, and as this change au­
tomatically converted the same four holes 
into two on the road in, the ‘round’ was 
reduced from twenty-two to eighteen.”

Thus, this accidental incident that 18 
holes was the most convenient number of 
holes at St. Andrews, with its gradually 
established pre-eminence in golf, op­
erated in the direction of 18 holes being 
accepted as the standard for a round of 
golf.

Here is the resolution of October 4, 
1764, that is the basis for the acceptance 
of 18 holes as a standard round:

“The Capital and Gentlemen Golfers 
present are of opinion that it would 
be for the improvement of the Links 
that the first four holes should be 
converted into two. They therefore 
agreed that for the future they shall 
be played as two holes, in the same 
way as presently marked out.”
Enthusiasm!
One of the most remarkable organiza­
tions in golf is the Hawaii Public Links 
Golf Association. It consists of 86 mem­
ber clubs. Each club must have at least 
25 individual members to qualify.

The president is T. S. Goo; he suc­

ceeded his wife, Mrs. Violet Goo.

These straws in the wind give a hint of 
the enthusiasm and the ability which re­
sulted in scheduling the 1960 USGA Ama­
teur Public Links Championship in Hono­
lulu.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

1

CDGA Directory of Information

The Chicago District Golf Association 
is a pace-setter in the service of dissemi­
nating useful information to its Member 
Clubs concerning the clubs themselves, 
their problems, membership, financing, 
charges, courses, facilities and club per­
sonnel.

The 11th annual CDGA Directory of In­
formation reaches a new high in provid­
ing this service.

The Directory, a 106-page loose leaf 
publication, even carries a labor break­
down from selected clubs which is de­
signed to be used as a yardstick by other 
clubs in meeting their own labor costs 
and problems.

Typical information given on a Chicago 
District Club is: name, address and 
telephone number of officers, members 
of the board of directors and committee 
chairmen; names and telephone numbers 
of the manager, bookkeeper, green super­
intendent, professional, locker manager 
and caddie-master; course rating; facili­
ties, such as golf, swimming, ice skating; 
dates for board meetings, fiscal informa­
tion; dates when the course and clubhouse 
are open; types of membership; numbers 
of various types of members; transfer 
fees and various charges of many kinds 
of services at the clubs.

An analysis of costs and charges is 

made on operations of the bar.

It's a Pleasant Habit

Three holes-in one in four days and all 
on the same hole by the same player....
Mrs. Paddy Martin of Rickmansworth, 
England, put that record together this 
spring on the Rickmansworth Golf 
Course near London. The lady, an 18- 
handicapper, used an eight iron each 
time on the 125-yard third hole.

Player of the Year

Gary Player, Johannesburg, South 
Africa, has been named “Sportsman of 
the Year” in his homeland. Player also 
was selected for the same honor by 
sportswriters in 1958. Player won the Bri­
tish Open Championship in 1959 and 
was second to Tommy Bolt in the U. S. 
Open of 1958.

RING COLUMBIA

A well traveled, once hard working rail­
road engine bell is now in distinguished 
semi-retirement at the Columbia Country 
Club, Chevy Chase, Md. The bell was pre­
sented to the club by the Burlington Rail­
road after it was removed from an old 
engine. The bell is used as a signal on 
ceremonial occasions and other times it 
is locked away. On the left Jock Hutchi­
son, 1921 British Open Champion and on 
the right Fred McLeod, 1908 USGA Open 
Champion, skirt the bell, Judge Godfrey 
L. Munter, Columbia president, stands 
beside Mr. McLeod. Fred weighed only 
108 pounds when he won the Open Cham­
pionship—the smallest player ever to win.

Caddie Cars

Twice, electric caddie cars have been 
permitted by the City of St. Andrews, 
Scotland, on the historic fish-hook shaped 
piece of linksland lying between the city 
and an inlet of the North Sea.

The area is occupied by the Old Course 
and each time that mechanical cars went 
out into the area, the occasion was big.

The first time favored Bob Jones when 
he captained the Eisenhower Cup Team 
in October, 1958. The second time was in 
July during the Centennary playing of 
the British Open Championship.

The Joint Links Committee of the City 
of St. Andrews voted to permit cars to 
be used by members of the Royal and 
Ancient Golf Club's Championship Com­
mittee only in cases of emergency. Even 
then the cars had to be kept off fairways.

2

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT; JULY, 1960

General Chairman's Ace

The Open Championship means many 

things to many people.

Take Harold R. Berglund, for instance. 
He spent much of the last two years 
planning Cherry Hills’ vast arrangements 
for the recent Open in his capacity as 
General Chairman.

But he appeared in another role in the 
Local Qualifying Rounds at the Denver 
Country Club. He was a player. And 
what a player!

He played the 17th and 18th holes in 
1-6. Although he did not qualify, the 
Open brought him his first hole-in-one.

Cause and Effect

From the Sacramento (Calif.) Golf 

Club news:

“The Minister’s playing partner was 
not doing well and became careless of 
his language. The man of the cloth 
thought a moral lesson might not be 
amiss.

“Minister: I notice that the players who 

score the best do not swear.

“Fellow Player: What do they have to 

swear about?”

Harmon in Harness

One of the most remarkable rounds of 
the year has been played by Claude Har­
mon, professional at Winged Foot Golf 
Club, Mamaroneck, N. Y.

Mr. Harmon shot Winged Foot’s West 
Course—site of the 1959 Open Champion­
ship—in 31-30—61. From the regular tees, 
which Mr. Harmon used, the course has 
a par of 71. The course was playing un­
usually long and his score was two 
strokes better than the unofficial record. 
The competitive record is 65 by Jug Mc- 
Spaden.

Mr. Harmon’s Card: 333 444 334—31

243 343 443—30—61

"Practice" Club Disapproved
The USGA will not approve an illegal 
club even if the implement is intended 
to be used for practice only.

A club outfitted with iron rollers along 
the sole was submitted to the USGA for 
consideration. The makers said the im­
plement would be used for practice.

Only clubs which meet the require­
ments of Rule 2-2 of the Rules of Golf are

Executive Committeeman

Robert K. 
Howse, of 
Wichita, Kan­
sas, has been 
elected to the 
Executive Com­
mittee of the 
USGA and fills 
the vacancy on 
the 15-member 
committee cre­
ated by the 
resignation of 
Emerson Carey, 

Jr., of Denver, Colo. 
Mr. Howse was a

member of the 
USGA Junior Championship Commit­
tee from 1951-1956 and a member of 
the Sectional Affairs Committee since 
1958. He is a member of the Wichita 
Country Club.

approved by the USGA.

The USGA considers it inadvisable for 
anyone to manufacture a club which does 
not conform to the rule. A person who 
trained or practiced with such an im­
plement would in all likelihood use the 
club while playing.

Books Reviewed

MY GOLFING ALBUM, by Henry Cot­
ton, (Country Life, Ltd., 2 Guineas— 
$5.88). A 248-page collection of pictures 
of courses and players, both British and 
American, with considerable instructional 
text by the author. Anecdotes and memo­
ries keep the text lively. Pictures range 
from ancient to modern.

GOLF ADDICTS ON PARADE, by 
George Houghton, (Country Life, Ltd. 15 
shillings, $2.10). A large collection of 
bound golf cartoons done in black and 
white. Most are humorous and new to 
American golf readers. Houghton draws 
at least 100 golf cartoons each year.

Necrology
Elijah W. (Bill) Cunningham, Boston, 
sports columnist and golf writer for 40 
years for the Boston Herald, the Post 
and the Dallas Morning News.

William D. Wallace, Miami, retired golf 
writer for the Daily News and formerly 
with New York newspapers.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

3

ARNOLD PALMER TRANSFORMS
THE OPEN’S TENT OF DREAMS

By

JOSEPH C 
DEY, JR. 
USGA 
Executive 
Director

Just off the eighteenth green at every 

Open Championship is a little tent 
where scores are returned at the end of a 

round. Harry Robert once called it The 
Tent of Broken Dreams.

It is one of the most fascinating places 
on the course. This is the seat of reckon­
ing. Here the player comes face to face 
with his deeds, be they good or bad. 
Here his struggles of the last several 
hours—his moments of elation, his times 
of distress—are compressed into the cold 
capsule of figures on a little card.

Insights into the characters of the 
players are given h ere as they check their 
scores, sign their cards, and hand them 
in. A few seem utterly calm and dispas­
sionate. Others, haunted by the fear of 
turning in a wrong score for a hole, 
meticulously go over the card a half­
dozen times before relinquishing it. 
Some few others, in frustration, scrawl 
a signature and petulantly throw the pen­
cil on the recepticn table.

There are many differences among 
them, yet there is a common denominator 
—it is a friendly parting word from one 
player to his fellow-competitor thanking 
him for the fun of playing together; a 
charming little courtesy which is con­
spicuous in the heat of the moment.

The first three times Arnold Palmer 
came to the tent just off the eighteenth 
green at Cherry Hills in Denver last 
month, he was not in an exalted state of 
mind. A favorite in the National Open, 
he had started with a 6, two over par on 
a possible birdie hole, and had finished 
in 72—one over par but four strokes be­
hind Mike Souchak’s leading 68.

Palmei' produced a par 71 in his second 
round for 143. But Souchak had 67 for 
an Open Championship record of 135 at 
36 holes. Palmer’s third visit to The Tent 
was to report a 72—total, 215. This was 
seven strokes behind Big Mike with 18 
holes to go. All told, there were 14 
players ahead of Palmer at that juncture,

John G. Clock, of Long Beach, Calif., 
President of the USGA, makes presenta­
tion awards after the Open Champion­
ship at Cherry Hills Country Club, Den­
ver. He is surrounded by great golfing 
talent—winner Palmer to the left and 
runner-up Nicklaus to the right.

and he was one of 23 with scores of 215 
or better.

When Arnold Palmer came to The Tent 
for the fourth and last time, his first re­
mark was a cherry “Hi, ’Chops” to Ed 
(Pork Chops) Oliver, whom he was sur­
prised to see in the USGA counting-room. 
Oliver had recently undergone extensive 
chest surgery and could not play.

Palmer sank into a chair, threw out his 
arms in relaxed relief, exhaled com­
pletely like a boxer after a gruelling 
bout—and a big smile broke over his 
strong features. For this was now The 
Tent of Dreams Come True.

He totted up his score—as everybody 
knew, it was a 65, the lowest ever holed 
by a winner in the clinch of the fourth 
round and equal to the second best score 
ever made in the Open. It was 280 for 
the 72 holes, four under Cherry Hills’ par 

4

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

and equaling the third best total in all 
Open Championship history. It was the 
best comeback ever made in the last 
round by a winner—from seven strokes 
behind the 54-hole leader. It was, in Pal­
mer’s words, “my greatest round.”

Palmer’s Self-Discipline

What is it that transforms The Tent— 
or, more accurately, what transforms the 
player?

Arnold Palmer supplied part of the 
answer when, in honest self-appraisal, he 
said: “I believe I can play as well as any­
body if I keep control of my temper. I 
try to learn something every tournament. 
I lost my temper at Oklahoma City (the 
week before the Open) and I lost the 
tournament.” He was talking not of pub­
lic displays of temperamental fireworks 
but of the little hidden surges of anger 
that rise to tempt almost every golfer in 
almost every round—hot flushes which 
the crowd rarely sees but which the 
player internally feels.

Arnold Palmer is gifted with a good 
deal of spirit—good, healthy, competitive 
spirit. He is reminiscent of the clergyman 
who lost patience with a parishioner, was 
chided by a young idealist for his lack of 
self-control, and put it all in right per­
spective when he said: “Young man, I 
control more temper in 15 minutes than 
you lose in 24 hours.” It all depends up­
on how much you have.

Arnold Palmer has it—great competi­
tive temperament—and, by disciplining it 
into right channels, he makes it his 
obedient and useful servant.

Just take two of the times he played 
the first hole at Cherry Hills, 346 yards 
long, an easy hole: First round—He 
visited a water hazard and scored 6. A 
less disciplined player might have blown 
his chances then and there. Fourth round 
—He drove the green. He deliberately 
aimed at a wide belt of mounds and 
rough separating fairway from green, and 
brought off the shot. No one else in the 
tournament drove this green. Bob Drum 
of the Pittsburgh Press, had suggested 
this bold tactic to start the last round. 
The birdie 3 which resulted: set Palmer 
afire.

So there is another part of the answer 
to what transforms the player—a flaming 
spirit and a faith that anything is possi­
ble. All the really great must have that 
sort of inconquerable faith, in any field 

of activity. In golf, Bob Jones and Ben 
Hogan were outstanding exemplars; and 
Walter Hagen; and Gene Sarazen, play­
ing the last 28 holes in 100 strokes in the 
1932 Open.

Arnold Palmer won his membership in 
the club with a really great last round at 
Cherry Hills. Just think of it—six birdies 
in the first seven holes, which he played 
in 22 strokes. Out in 30, five under par. 
Home in 35, one under, on a really test­
ing second nine. In the 72 holes Palmer 
had 19 birdies.

To complete the picture of Palmer as 
a big occasions player, you have to re­
veal, too, his birdies on the last two holes 
to win the 1960 Masters at Augusta—his 
victory in the 1958 Masters—his victory 
in the 1954 National Amateur.

Arnold Palmer, aged 30, a native' of 
Latrobe, Pa., a graduate of Wake Forest 
College, is a completely' deserving Na­
tional Open Champion, and a completely 
gentlemanly, attractive and representa­
tive one.

Following are Palmer’s hole-by-hole 

scores, with par:
Par 
1st 
2nd 
3rd 
4th 

444  453 434—35  453 443 454—36—71
634  443 435—36  444 343 455—36—72
344  452 435—34  444 453 454—37—71—143
543  444 336—36  443 343 555—36—72—215
333  352 344—30  443 443 454—35—65—280
Jack Nicklaus’ Great Bid

This 60th Open Championship was a 
terrific competition, replete with heroes, 
and there are three besides Palmer 
whose deeds were specially vivid—Jack 
Nicklaus, Mike Souchak and Ben Hogan.
Twenty-year-old Jack Nicklaus, a 
student at Ohio State, came very close 
to being the first amateur to win the 
Open since Johnny Goodman in 1933. 
Jack’s second-place score of 282 was two 
strokes behind the winner’s. It was the 
lowest score ever made by an amateur in 
the Open—71-71-69-71.

The difference between Nicklaus and 
Palmer was all in the last six holes, 
which Palmer played in steady pars, 
whereas Nicklaus was three over. The dif­
ference was pin-pointed at the home hole, 
an exacting par 4 of 468 yards, with the 
drive carrying over and then alongside a 
large lake, the second shot to an elevated 
green, out of bounds to the right all the 
way. Palmer got down in 2 from the left­
hand fringe of the green for a 4; Nick­
laus made a 5 from the opposite side af-

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

5

Jack Nicklaus, Columbus, Ohio, had a 282 for a record score by an amateur in the 
Open Championship. The previous low was 285 by Marvin (Bud) Ward in 1939 at the 
Philadelphia Country Club. Nicklaus won the Amateur Championship last September 
at Broadmoor Golf Club, Colorado Springs, Colo.

ter pushing both drive and approach. 
Consider— a reversal of their scores here 
on the last hole would have produced a 
tie. On such seemingly small matters are 
Open Championships decided.

Colorado is happy hunting ground for 
husky Jack Nicklaus. He won the Na­
tional Amateur at Broadmoor last Sep­
tember, and now he stands pre-eminent 
in his class. He is a prodigious hitter—in 
a practice round at Cherry Hills on the 
548-yard 17th hole, he reached the island 
green with a seven-iron second shot. He 
has great natural golfing poise, as might 
be expected of one playing in his fifth 
National Open though but 20 years old. 

Jack not only has remarkable ability at 
golf but he is a grand young man and a 
splendid exemplar of amateurism.

For Mike Souchak, it was truly the 
Tent of Broken Dreams. Here he had sur­
passed by three strokes the Champion­
ship record for the first 36 holes with 
68-67—135. On his third trip he had a 
par round almost in hand until, dis­
tracted by the whirr of a forbidden movie 
camera in the hands of an amateur spec­
tator, he cut his drive out of bounds on 
the 18th and took 6 for 73. This still left 
him with a two stroke lead at 54 holes, 
but in the closing clinch he took 75 while 
Palmer was taking 65. This was the 

6

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

second successive year Souchak tied for 
third; it would not be surprising if some 
day he goes to the top. He would, like 
Palmer, be a popular Champion.

There were six who shared third place 
at 283. With Souchak were venerable 
Dutch Harrison, with two grand closing 
rounds of 70-69; Julius Boros, former 
Champion, whose third-round 68 was not 
enough insurance for his final 73; Jack 
Fleck, an ex-Champion; Ted Kroll, who 
vaulted several notches with a closing 
67; and Dow Finsterwald, who needed 73 
in the last round.

There were others who might have 
brought off victory—Jerry Barber, for in­
stance, was in striking position but closed 
with 74 for 284, a figure tied by the 
second amateur in the field, Don Cherry, 
and by Ben Hogan.

Hogan, now 47 years old, seeking to be 
the first man to win the Open five times, 
made a great run. He started with 75, 
then had 67. In the morning of the last 
day his 69 left him three strokes behind 
the pace-setting Souchak, 211 to 208. That 
looked to be a fairly good position for 
during the final day Hogan’s golf was so 
good that he hit 34 of 36 greens in regu­
lation figures.

Now, with only two holes to play, the 
Championship was as much Hogan’s as 
anyone else’s, for he needed two pars for 
280. The best score in was Dutch Harri­
son’s 283. Palmer, needing pars for his 
280, was in the second couple behind 
Hogan and Jack Nicklaus.

But Little Ben’s quest of at least a 
par-par finish in 5-4 was drowned in the 
waters guarding the 17th green and the 
18th fairway. On 17 his third shot, played 
finely in hopes of a birdie, struck the 
bank and spun back into shallow water. 
Ben played a recovery from the water, 
but a 6 was the result. On 18 Hogan’s 
drive went into the lake, and a 7 was the 
result. Four over par on the last two 
holes! “I was like officiating at a funeral” 
was the judgment of Philip Strubing, 
USGA General Counsel.

Bill Casper, the delightful 1959 Cham­
pion, made a worthy defense and finished 
with 286.

Cherry Hill’s Wonderful Work

Cherry Hills was in superb condition, 
thanks to Golf Course Superintendent 
Ted Rupel and his crew, and fair 
weather smiled on the Open. Although 

the course measured 7,004 yards, it 
played at about 6.600 according to sea­
level standards, due to the relatively 
light air of mile-high Denver. There are 
plenty of birdie opportunities in the first 
seven, holes but few breathers thereafter. 
This was the second Open at Cherry Hills; 
Ralph Guldahl won there in 1938 with 
284.

The Club did a superlative work in its 
organization, under the General Chair­
manship of H. R. (Potts) Berglund. A 
club’s part in presentation of the Open is 
all too often taken for granted; but con­
sider what must be done to transform a 
club geared for some 400 members to 
handle some 15,000 persons; to make a 
course designed for ordinary mortals in­
to a test for the greatest players. It is 
a true labor of love for a club to enter­
tain the Open, especially as hospitably 
and effectively as Cherry Hills did. All 
golf is indebted to those who made it 
possible, starting with Potts Berglund 
and Dick Braun, the Club President.

USGA prize money for professionals, 
scheduled at approximately $50,000, was 
increased 20% before play began, Cherry 
Hills generously contributing part of the 
increment. The total awarded was $60,720, 
plus $1,300 in the 13 Sectional Qualify­
ing Championships, for a record aggre­
gate of $62,020. Arnold Palmer’s prize 
was $14,400.

Amid the general wrecking of records 
which distinguished this year’s Open, 
there was a new peak entry of 2,454 
players, compared with 2,385 in 1959. 
Further, Art Wall scored a. phenomenal 
63-65—128 in the Sectional Qualifying 
Championship at the Twin Hills course 
in Oklahoma City, and this was three 
strokes better than any previous qualify­
ing score of which we have record. Im­
provements in informing the public of 
the status of play were introduced by the 
USGA with Cherry Hills’ cooperation. 
Four large score boards on the course 
showed progressively how the leaders 
stood with par for all holes played, as well 
as their hole-by-hole scores in the cur­
rent round; these boards duplicated the 
information on the USGA’s mammoth 
board, 52 by 14 feet, in front of the club­
house which had been created in 1959 at 
Winged Foot. Additionally, leaders were 
accor framed by newly designed standards 
reflecting their status with par for both 

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, I960

?

the current round and all holes played.

A new system of pairings and starting 
times for the last day resulted in concen­
tration of the leaders so that they had 
similar playing conditions. Their scores 
for the first 36 holes determined pair­
ings and times for the third and the 
fourth rounds.

Estimated attendance, including com­
plimentary admission, set a three-day 
high of 43,878, just a shade above Winged 
Foot’s crowd of 43,821 in 1959. Here is a 
breakdown of the estimated figures at 
Cherry Hills:

. Thursday Friday Saturday 

Season paid 9,000 
Daily paid ' 2,767 
Non-paid 2,300 

9,000 
2,953 
2,600 

9,000
3,658
2,600

A 14,067 

14,553 15,258

Thursday’s' attendance was the largest 
for the first day of an Open. Season 
badges sold—9,000—were also an all-time 
high; the old figure was 7,679 in 1956.

The New Records in Review

Following is a recapitulation of Open 

Championship records set in 1960:

Best comeback in last round by winner 
—Arnold Palmer was seven strokes be­
hind leader after 54 holes.

Lowest score in fourth round by win­

ner—65 by Arnold Palmer.

Lowest nine holes—30 by Arnold Pal­
mer on first nine in fourth round, tied 
score by James B. McHale, Jr., on first 
nine in third round in 1947.

Lowest 72-hole score by an amateur- 

282 by Jack Nicklaus.

Lowest score for first 36 holes—68-67— 

135 by Mike Souchak.
. Lowest 36-hole score to qualify for final 
36 holes—147.

Lowest 36-hole score in Sectional 
Qualifying—63-65—128 by Art Wall at 
Twin Hills, Oklahoma City.

Largest entry—2,454.
Most prize money—$14,400 for winner. 
Total of $60,720 in Championship proper, 
plus $1,300 in 13 Sectional Qualifying 
Championships, for gross of $62,020.

Largest attendance (estimated)—First 

day: 14,067; three days: 43,878.

Most season badges sold (approximate) 

—9,000.

HOW THE LEADERS STOOD AFTER EACH ROUND

18 Holes

54 Holes

36 Holes

Mike Souchak _ ____ __ ____ ___ _
208
68
Mike Souchak _________ _________
69
Jerry Barber __ ______________
210
Henry Ransom _______________
Dow Finsterwald __ ____ _____ ___ 210
Jerry Barber _ _________________ 69
Julius Boros ___ -______ ._________ 210
70
:SDon Cherry _________ _________
Ben Hogan ____ _______ ___ ___ -_ _ 211
Bruce Crampton _______________ 70
70 ®Jack Nicklaus _ ______ .________ 211
Gary Player __________________
Jack Fleck ____ ___________ ____ 212
70
Doug Sanders ________________
*Don Cherry ___ -------------------- - 212
70
Joe Taylor ___________________
Johnny Pott ___ _ ___ __________ 212
70
Dick Stranahan _______________
Gary Player ___ __ ._ __ ______ ___ 213
Jack Fleck ____________________ 70
Dutch Harrison .._ ______ ____ ___ _ 214
70
H. LaClair, Jr. _______________
Robert J. Shave, ,Jr. ____________ 214
214
Bill Casper ____
Sam Snead ____ ------------------- ----
214

135
Mike Souchak __________ ___ ___
138
Doug Sanders ________________
72 Holes
Dow Finsterwald _________ —- — 140
Arnold Palmer ..___________ -__ _ 280
Jerry Barber _________________ 140
*Jack Nicklaus _ _______ ______.___ 282
Jack Fleck ___________________ 140
Dutch Harrison _____________-__ 283
141
Bill Casper, Jr. _______________
Ted Kroll ______ __ ____ ____ ___ 283
Sam Snead ___________ ________ 141
283
Dow Finsterwald
. __ ___________ 141
*Don Cherry 
Julius Boros „._____________ __ 283
Ted Kroll ______ ____________ 141
Bruce Crampton ___________— 141 Mike Souchak —.------------ -—_-------- 283
283
Jack Fleck ____
142
Julius Boros ---------------------------
Jerry Barber __ _________ ___ __ ___ 284
142
Ben Hogan __________________
Ben Hogan __ _ -------------- —.------ 284
Gary Player ------------- --------------- 142
*Don Cherry ___ --------- -- ---- _______— 284
*Jack Nicklaus ______ ___________ 142
* Denotes Amateur.

8

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

CADDIE CAMP ATTRACTS 
YOUNGSTERS FROM STREET

For Fishers
Island and Hay
Harbor Courses

On June 28, 1926 a group of fifty-four 

boys departed from Avenue A on a 
new Boys’ Club summer adventure. They 

were to be caddies on the Fishers Island 
and Hay Harbor golf courses.”

Thus began Camp Tabor, as set down in 
the Boys’ Club newspaper of that year, 
and it still is an exciting adventure for 
lads from New York City.

Each year that Camp Tabor has been 
open it has afforded anywhere from 60 
to 120 boys the opportunity of combining 
work with pleasure in the fresh air coun­
tryside during the summer months. These 
are older Boys’ Club members from 14 
to 21 years of age from East Harlem and 
the Lower East Side, youngsters who 
might otherwise spend their leisure time 
“hanging around” the street corners.

In the early spring Boys’ Club mem­
bers file applications for Camp Tabor. 
The Boys’ Club Staff screen the applica­
tions on the basis of the ability to per­
form, and choose the boys best suited.

At Camp Tabor the boys live and work 
together under the guidance and leader­
ship of a trained Boys’ Club Staff. The 
boys are divided into four squads of cad­
dies. Two squads go out on Monday, Wed­
nesday and Friday, the other two on 
Tuesday and Thursday. The squads alter­
nate the two and three day schedule with 
all four squads caddying on week-ends.

On their off days an organized recrea­
tion program provides the boys softball, 
basketball, volleyball, swimming and of 
course golf. The boys are so enthused 
with golf that they maintain a three hole 
practice course of their own at Camp 
Tabor. The caddies also have the privi­
lege of playing on the big course every 
morning.

Towards the end of each season a caddie 
tournament is held. While the boys do 
not have clubs and equipment of their 
own, the Camp has several sets of clubs 
and the members of the Fishers Island 
Golf Club are very generous in donating 
clubs, golf caps, etc. Balls are no prob­
lem. Many lost balls are founds on the

A Camp Tabor caddie

course during the season.

Each year at the Fishers Island Golf 
Club a pro amateur tournament is held. 
Among some of the top professionals who 
participated in the event were Claude 
Harmon, Shelley Mayfield and Jay Riviere. 
Caddying for such events as this afford 
the boys an opportunity to learn a great 
deal about the game. Andy Beljan, the 
pro for the Fishers Island Course, is very 
helpful in giving tips to the boys on the 
finer points of the game.

Each boy who goes to Camp Tabor pays 
$1.00 per day for his room and board, one- 
third the cost of his uniform and one- 
third the cost of his transportation. The 
balance of the cost of maintaining the 
boys is absorbed by The Boys’ Club of 
New York and The Fishers Island Estates, 
Inc. The average take-home pay for the 
1959 summer season was $139. Hundreds 
of former caddies are avid golfers.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

9

CURTIS CUP WON
IN SPORTING MATCH

By

MRS. HENRI PRUNARET
Captain, United States 
Team

On May 11 the United States Curtis Cup 

team met at ‘Golf House” in New 
York and was entertained for dinner and 

theatre as guests of the USGA.

The following day the team practised 
foursome play at The Creek Club, Locust 
Valley, L. I., where they were the guests 
of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Dey, Jr., and 
friends. We are all indebted to them as 
well as the members of the Creek for this 
courtesy.

Miss Barbara McIntire, the Women’s 
Amateur Champion, had the added 
pleasure while in New York of appearing 
on the television program, “To Tell the 
Truth.” The panel of well known people 
failed to identify Barbara.

Our departure on Friday, May 13, held 
little apprehension for the enthusiastic 
young players. After a quick jet flight to 
London Airport, a large welcoming com­
mittee was on hand to greet us. It was

THE UNITED STATES TEAM

The successful Challengers are, seated from the left: Miss Barbara McIntire; Non­
Playing Captain, Mrs. Henri Prunaret; Miss Joanne Goodwin. Standing from the left: 
Miss Anne Quast; Miss JoAnne Gunderson; Miss Judy Bell; Miss Judy Eller; Mrs. 
Ann Casey Johnstone.

10

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

a great pleasure for me to see again Mrs. 
B. R. Bostock, Doris Chambers and Molly 
Gourlay among old friends in the group 
and to accept the official welcome of the 
British Captain, Mrs. Maureen Garrett. 
We then had the pleasure of traveling 
through the English Midlands on a char­
tered bus, gaily decorated with Curtis 
Cup banners and the flags of Britain and 
the United States.

The arrival at Ye Olde Bell at Barnby 
Moor was a fitting climax for the day. 
Our stay at this Old World inn with every 
luxury will long be a pleasant memory. 
Even before getting settled and un­
packed, the girls could not wait to see 
the Curtis Cup course at nearby Lind- - 
rick.

Two members of the Women’s Com­
mittee— Mrs. Owen. West and Mrs. 
William McWane—joined us for the 
match.

With the compliments of the Ladies’ 
Golf Union, we found three motor cars 
at the disposal of our team. This was but 
one of the many examples of careful 
planning that our hosts had provided for 
our comfort and pleasure during our stay.
A Fine Course

It took but one glance for the entire 
team to decide that Lindrick would be to 
their liking—6,526 yards in length with 
a par of 73. The course, in spite of a 
severe drought in 1959, was in excellent 
condition. The Lindrick greens staff had 
done a great job. Little need be said 
about the excellent greens and the chal­
lenge they held, as they are well known 
in the world of English golf.

Caddies were supplied by the Artisans’ 
Club and they were all low handicap 
players, thoroughly acquainted with every 
whim of Lindrick’s rolling terrain.

Fine Galleries

Practice began the next day and was 
constantly followed by an interested gal­
lery. The holiday mood of our young and 
colorful team quickly won the hearts of 
the British. Weather was ideal the open­
ing days. Several members of the team 
felt that they had not brought enough 
Bermuda shorts, but typical English 
spring weather accommodated them with 
cold and rain. With the change in 
weather we produced a wide assortment 
of rain gear that delighted newspaper 
cartoonists and photographers.

Practice continued in the cold rain un­
til the day before the match. With the 
decision to use the small ball, we con­
cluded our preparation.

Friday, May 20, dawned gray and cool 
—however, no rain and little wind. Our 
team, attired in combinations of red, 
white, and blue clothing—even to the 
red, white, and blue wood club covers 
(knitted by Judy Bell’s mother, Mrs. Carl 
Bell of Wichita, Kansas)—made a pic­
turesque sight on a gray day.

With two tremendous tee shots Miss 
McIntire and Miss Elizabeth Price, the 
British Champion, started the 11th Cur­
tis Cup match. In this foursome, as well 
as in the two following, we seized early 
advantages. At the finish of the first 
eighteen holes at noon, Miss McIntire 
and Miss JoAnne Gunderson were 4 up; 
Miss Anne Quast and Miss Judy Eller 3 
up, and Mrs. Ann Casey Johnstone and 
Miss Joanne Goodwin 6 up.

What apparently seemed substantial 
margins began to melt in the afternoon 
under a courageous counter-attack by our 
opponents. In the first, match, Miss Price 
and her partner, Mrs. Angela Ward 
Bonallack, overcame their 4-hole deficit 
with a great display of foursome play to 
finish 1 up over Miss McIntire and Miss 
Gunderson, and give the British Isles the 
first point. Miss Quast and Miss Eller, 
faced with equally determined opponents, 
managed to preserve their morning ad­
vantage until the holes ran out. This 
ended with a 4 and 2 victory over Miss 
Belle McCorkindale and Miss Janette 
Robertson and gave the United States a 
point. In the final match Mrs. Johnstone 
and Miss Goodwin saw their lead re­
duced by Miss Ruth Porter and Mrs. 
Frances Smith as the afternoon wore on. 
A brilliant recovery from the rough by 
Mrs. Johnstone, followed by a critical 
putt by Miss Goodwin, staved off a bril­
liant and determined drive on the part 
of the veteran Curtis Cup player, Mrs. 
Smith, and her young partner, the Eng­
lish champion, Miss Porter. The 3 and 2 
victory gave the United States a second 
point. While a two victories to one ad­
vantage was gratifying after foursomes, 
we well realized that our early leads had 
saved at least one match for us.

An estimated gallery of 7,000 had 
turned out on Friday and a huge, possi­
bly record breaking crowd was expected

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

11

THE BRITISH ISLES TEAM

The Defenders who played gallantly but lost are, seated from the left: Miss Elizabeth 
Price; Non-Playing Captain Mrs. Maureen Garrett; Miss Janette Robertson. Standing 
from the left: Mrs Frances Smith; Miss Ruth Porter; Mrs. Michael Bonallack; Miss 
Belle McCorkindale; Miss Philomena Garvey; Mrs. Marley Spearman.

to witness the singles on Saturday.

A brief fire during the night at Ye 
Olde Bell was insufficient to disturb our 
team. However, the British, quartered 
nearer the source of the smoke, were 
aroused and were in the center of con­
fusion. The magnificent fire apparatus 
and efficient department plus the police 
of Retford were most reassuring, and 
those that had been alerted were soon 
back in dreamland.

Good Weather

Saturday dawned, as one Yorkshire 
man expressed it, “a positively decent 
day.” I saw little difference between it 
and the day before, a little less wind and 
a faint trace of sun occasionally.

Miss McIntire and Miss Price teed off 
first for their respective teams. Noon 
time found Miss McIntire 3 down. The 
afternoon eighteen produced a battle sel­
dom equalled in Curtis Cup competition. 
Miss McIntire with a two under par 71, 
overcame her deficit and stood on the 
36th tee all even. The match was halved 
when Miss Price made a phenomenal re­
covery from a bad lie in a bunker to end 
36 holes of great golf all square.

In the greatest scoring display of the 
event, Miss Gunderson defeated Mrs. 
Bonallack 2 and 1. Miss Gunderson was 
73 in the morning round, 2 up at lunch, 
and when the match finished on the 35th 
hole, Miss Gunderson had not gained a 
hole on her opponent in the afternoon 
round. Seldom have players exhibited 
more brilliant golf. Miss Gunderson was 
four under par for the afternoon round.
During the tense match a broadcast 
appeal was made to a Mrs. Cohen who 
was thought to be in the gallery, that she 
had been given the wrong medicine 
earlier in the day and that she was not 
to take it.

Miss Quast, ever-dependable point win­
ner, enjoyed a 1 up lead in the morning 
round against Miss Robertson. With 
methodical precision she added one 
more, in the afternoon, for a 2 up vic­
tory.

The Clincher

Miss Eller, our youngest team mem­
ber and in this her first Cup match, 
finished the morning round 3 up with a 
display of power golf. Her personality 
won the hearts of the gallery. Her 4 and 

12

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

3 victory over the Irish champion, Miss 
Philomena Garvey, assured the return of 
the Curtis Cup to the United States.

Miss Bell, also in her Curtis Cup debut, 
had a fine morning round of 76 and 
found herself 7 up on Miss McCorkindale 
of Scotland. In the afternoon, Miss Mc­
Corkindale recovered her game and dis­
played amazing power off the tee, but 
the morning advantage of her opponent 
was .too great, and Miss Bell with an 8 
and 7 victory added another point to the 
United States total.

Finale

The final match between Miss Good­
win and Miss Porter was hard fought for 
36 holes. Miss Porter was a last-minute 
substitution for Mrs. Smith who became 
ill shortly before starting time.

Henry Longhurst, writing in the Lon­
don Sunday Times, said of the substitu­
tion of Miss Porter, “I could not. help 
feeling that, perhaps, if you were due to 
play in your first Curtis Cup single, you 
might get a far better night’s sleep if 
you were under the impression that you 
weren’t going to play.”

Miss Goodwin was 1 down at lunch. 
Several times in the afternoon she 

evened the match and in spite of a fine 
73 ultimately lost to Mrs. Smith’s fine 
young substitute.

The final score: United States 6%, the 

British Isles 2%.

A gallery, estimated at 12,000 people, 
one of the largest ' ever to attend a 
women’s golf event, were generous in 
their admiration and applause for our 
players. The facilities were most com­
plete: A mobile bank, refreshment and 
luncheon tents, including a special tea 
tent at the 12th hole, were available. The 
match was well marshalled.

I am sure, however, the appreciation 
of the golden gorse and the white thorn 
in bloom was an advantage enjoyed only 
by the gallery.

The main highway from Sheffield, to 
the east was closed so there was no dis­
turbance to the players.

A very colorful presentation ceremony 
by Sir Stuart Goodwin ■ brought the 11th 
Curtis Cup match to a close.

I was very proud of our young team on 
and off the course. I believe they ful­
filled completely the dedicated purpose 
of the donors of the Curtis Cup.

I960
INTERNATIONAL MATCH FOR THE CURTIS CUP

Held at Lindrick Golf Club, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England
May 20 and 21

FOURSOMES

BRITISH ISLES

UNITED STATES

Points

Points

Mrs. Angela Ward Bonallaek and Miss Eliza- 
■ beth Price (1 up) _____ __  ___  ... 1
Miss Belle McCorkindale and Miss Janette

Robertson ....... 0

Miss Ruth Porter and Mrs. Frances Smith _  0

Miss JoAnne Gunderson and Miss Barbara

McIntire ____ _________ _ ____ _ ____  . ._ 0

Miss Judy Eller and Miss Anne Quast 
(4 and 2)  ___ __ ______ _______ ___ ..... 1
Miss Joanne Goodwin and Mrs. Ann Casey 
Johnstone (3 and 2) ____ ____________  1

Total . .. ...... ..........         1

Total ____ ____ ______________ ___________ 2

SINGLES

Miss Elizabeth Price (halved) _ ___________  %
Mrs. Angela Ward Bonallaek _________ __. 0
Miss Janette Robertson __________________  0
Miss Philomena Garvey __________________  0
Miss Belle McCorkindale _________________  0
Miss Ruth Porter (1 up) __________________ 1

Miss Barbara McIntire (halved) _______ ___  %
Miss JoAnne Gunderson (2 and 1) _ 
1
Miss Anne Quast (2 up)  1
Miss Judy Eller (4 and 3) ________________ 1
Miss Judy Bell (8 and 7) ____________ __ 1
Miss Joanne Goodwin ___________________  0

Total ......_________ __ ____ __ _____ _______ 1%

Total __________ .._ _________ ________ 1.... 4%

Grand Total—British Isles ........____________  2%

Grand Total—United States _____________  6%

Non-playing Captain—Mrs. Maureen. Garrett

Non-playing Captain—Mrs. Henri Prunaret

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

13

DO YOU KNOW YOUR GOLF?

Here is a golf competition in which 

there’s no waiting on the first tee, 
you play as you sit, use a pencil instead 

«reen?”

of clubs, and a round can be played in­
doors at night.

But you need to know something about 
the Rules of Golf, etiquette, definitions, 
history and records of the game.

The answers for the questions are given 

on Page 18.

1. Which six of the following players 
won both the Amateur and the Open 
Championships?:

E. Harvie Waid, Jr., Charles R. Coe, 
Robert. T. Jones. Jr.. Lawson Little. 
Jerome 1). Ti ivers, Ralph GuldahL 
Francis Ouimet, Frank Stranahan, 
John G. Goodman, William P, Tur- 
nesa, Charles Evans, Jr., Marvin H. 
Ward.

2. May a player with 14 clubs change 
some oi them after 18 holes in a 36-hole 
match even though they are not damaged'.' 
What Rule, if any. applies?

3. What is meant by “through the 

green?”

4. is it permissible to carry three 
putters ii the total number of clubs in 
your bag does not exceed fourteen? What 
Rule applies’?

5. What made 1932 a notable year for 

Gene Sarazen.

6. If an out-of-bounds stake interferes 
with the player's swing, may he remove 
the stake? What Rule is involved?

7. A player drives 250 yards up the mid­
dle of the fairway, but before he can 
reach the ball to play his second shot:

(a) A dog picks up the ball in his 
mouth, runs 50 yards with it, and 
drops it into a bunker;

(b) A dog runs off with the ball and 

H is never found.

What is the procedure in each case and 
what Rule governs?

8. Who was the first native American 
io win tile Open Championship, and in 
what year did he win?

9. In match play, a player's ball knocks 
his opponent’s ball into the cup. Does the 
opponent have io replace the ball or max 
he consider ii hole I? Whai Rule governs?

10. What is meant by “rub of the 

11. Is a chipping club legal which has 
two faces that can be used for both left­
handed and right-handed strokes? What 
Rule governs?

12. Who was the first native American 
to win the British Open Championship, 
and in what year did he win?

13. A player faces a shot over a hill to 
a hidden green. lie asks his opponent. 
“What club do I need to get home?" The 
opponent answers. “A 6-iron." Is the 
player penalized for asking advice? Is the 
opponent penalized for giving advice? 
What Rule governs’?

14. For whom is the trophy named 
which goes to the winning national team 
;n the World Amateur Team Champion­
ship? Which country now holds the 
trophy'1

15. Is it permissible to brush casual 
water from the line of putt'? What Rule 
governs?

16. Is the use of automotive carts pro­
hibited by the Rules of Golf’’ What Rule, 
if any, is involved?

17. Name the two players who most re­
cently won the Amateur Championship 
twice in consecutive years?

18. What is the penalty in match play 
and in stroke play for playing out of 
turn?

NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA
REGULAR

Suffield Country Club
Colby Country Club
Pine Hills Country Club
Old Orchard Beach Country Club
Carlowden Country Club
Willowhaven Country Club
Pawhuska Golf & Country Club
Winnesuket Country Club
Paris Country Club

ASSOCIATE

Atlantic Country Club
Gulf Hills Dude Ranch &

Country Club

Conn.
Kans.
La.
Me.
N. Y.
N. C.
Okla.
R. 1.
Tenn.

Fla.

Miss.

14

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

PUBLIC LINKS CHAMPIONSHIPS
OVER 39 YEARS

By
BILL INGUSH
Daily 
Oklahoman

ship?

America’s biggest major golf champion­

From the standpoints of significance, 
spectator interest and tradition, the Open 
Championship is without parallel.

But on a basis of sheer numbers of en­
tries, the vote for the No. 1 adult event 
must go to the USGA Amateur Public 
Links Championship.

Public Links outdraws them all—in­

cluding the Open and the Amateur.

As a matter of fact, a single Public 
Links Championship has been known to 
pull more entries than the list for the 
Open and Amateur in the same year.

In 1959, the Open attracted a record 
2,385 and the Amateur hit an all-time 
peak of 1,696. The Amateur Public Links 
has averaged 2,300 in its last 17 playings 
dating from 1939. 

•
In seven successive years starting in 
1939, it surpassed the combined entry of 
the Open and Amateur with sectional 
qualifying fields, ranging from 2,401 in 
1939 to an outsized 3,586 in 1946, for the 
Championship held at Wellshire Golf 
Course in Denver, Colo.

The growth of the 39-year-old tourney 
may be attributed primarily to sectional 
qualifying rounds, adopted in 1939, and 
the fact that qualifiers are permitted to 
accept a. nominal portion of their ex­
penses to attend the tournament proper.
Prior to 1939, the preliminary con­
sisted of an unlimited number of city 
area rounds.

The Public Links, launched by the 
United States Golf Association in 1922 
when golf was becoming a game for the 
masses, got off to a bang-up start— 
literally.

Two contestants nearing the finish of 
a match in 1922 played their approaches 
to a green at Toledo’s Ottawa Park 
Course when a pistol shot sounded in the 
rear of the gallery. A thoroughly disin­
terested spectator had chosen that mo­
ment to commit suicide.

Official Washington lent a hand in 

1923 at the East Potomac Park Course 
in the nation’s capital. Charles Evans 
Hughes, Secretary of State, presented the 
trophies.

The same year President Harding, only 
two months before his death, donated a 
trophy for team competition, which re­
mains an annual feature. The trophy is 
named for the President.

Several Public Links players have be­

come quite well known.

Smiley Quick won the title in 1946, ac­
cepted an invitation to play in the Ama­
teur, and went all the way to the final. 
He ultimately played on the 1947 U. S. 
Walker Cup team.

In 1947 he filed' a tardy entry for the 
Public Links and it was rejected. He 
thus was ineligible to defend. This is 
perhaps the only case of its kind involv­
ing the current Champion in a major 
Championship.

Frank Strafaci, who triumphed in 1935, 
has gone ahead to accredit himself in a 
long career in the Amateur. Originally 
from New York, Frank now lives at 
Miami Beach, Fla.

Champions in the Public Links come 
from many walks of life. Joseph Coble 
(1924) was a Philadelphia waiter, Carl 
Kauffman (1927-28-29) a Pittsburgh 
stenographer, Charles Ferrera (1931-33) 
a San Francisco riveter, Pat Abbott 
(1936) a Hollywood movie extra.

Reflecting the times, Al Leach (1938) 
was a WPA worker in Cleveland. Andrew 
Szwedko (1939) was a Pittsburgh steel 
worker, Mike Ferentz (1948) a Long 
Beach bartender and Stanley Bielat 
(1950) a truck driver from Yonkers, 
N. ¥.

Collegians who excelled include Eddie 
Held (1922), Les Bolsted (1926), Dave 
Stanley (1951), Don Essig (1957), Daniel 
D. Sikes, Jr., (1958) and Bill Wright 
(1959). Wilfred Crossley (1947) is a 
Harvard alumnus.

Bill Wright is the first Negro to win 

a national golf championship. -

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, I960

IS

Many well-known golfers are products 
of the Public Links. Ed Furgol and 
Tommy Bolt went ahead to win the Open, 
Walter Burkemo, the PGA, and Bud 
Ward, the Amateur Championship.

The Public Links also produced these 
Walker Cup players: Scotty Campbell, 
Harry Givan, Bruce McCormick, Quick, 
Ken Venturi, George Voigt and Ward.

A left-hander turned up in the 1949 
final at Los- ■ Angeles. He was William 
Betger from San Francisco, the only left­
hander to go so far in a USGA event.

Youngsters have had their innings. 
Bolstad was 18 when he won at Buffalo in 
1926, Dick Walsh (1923) and Eddie Held 
(1922) were 19 when they succeeded. 
Joe Nichols, a 15-year-old schoolboy from 
Long Beach, was runner-up at St. Paul 
in 1931.

Clark Morse, a 17-year-old from St. 
Louis, was medalist at Cleveland in 1927, 

while Walsh was 18 when he emerged as 
runner-up in 1922.

Two of the hot spots for America’s pub­
lic course players are Denver and Los 
Angeles. Denver had a sectional field of 
516 in 1941 and more than doubled it 
(1,280) in 1946.

The Los Angeles area spawned seven 
champions: Abbott, 1936; McCormack, 
1937; Quick, 1946; Dave Stanley, 1951; 
Pete Bogan, 1952; Ted Richards, 1953; 
and Gene Andrews, 1954.

Other Californians to win are Ferrera, 
1931-33; Ferentz, 1948, and Ken Towns, 
1949.

Of the 209 starters in the champion­
ship proper in 1949, exactly 45 were from 
California. Half of the 64 qualifiers at 
San Francisco in 1937 were from the 
golden state. There have been four all­
Calif ornia finals.

USGA PUBLICATIONS

OF GENERAL INTEREST

THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the 
United States Golf' Association and the Royal 
and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scot­
land. Booklet 25 cents (special rates for quan­
tity orders, more than 500).
USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, 
containing recommendations for computing 
USGA Handicap and for rating courses. Book- 
I let 25 cents. USGA Slide Rule Handicapper, 

25 cents. Poster 15 cents.
THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN’S GOLF, contain­
ing suggestions for guidance in the conduct of 
women’s golf - in clubs and associations, in­
cluding tournament procedure, handicapping 
and course rating. 35 cents. USGA Slide Rule 
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COURSE RATING REPORT, a form for rating 
a course hole by hole; for association use, size 
414 x 7 inches. 10 cents, $7.50 per 100.
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by hole ratings to a club; for association use, 
size 8% x 11 inches. 5 cents. $3.50 per 100.
HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a 
reprint of a USGA Journal article explaining 
the Callaway System of automatic handicap­
ping for occasional players in a stogie tour­
nament. No charge.
TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint 
of a USGA Journal article - detailing various 
types of competitions. No charge.
PREPARING THE COURSE FOB A COMPETI­
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charge. -
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I HOLE-IN-ONE Awards. No charge.

LETTER AND SPIRIT OF THE AMATEUR

CODE, a reprint of a USGA Journal article by 
Joseph C. Dey, Jr. No charge.
GAMBLING IN GOLF TOURNAMENTS, a re­
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WORK OF A CLUB GREEN COMMITTEE, a re­
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HOW TO MEET RISING COSTS OF GOLF 
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Chairman, of the Green Committee. No charge. 
ARE YOU A SLOW PLAYER? ARE YOU 
SURE? A reprint of a USGA Journal article 
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organizing and developing junior golf programs 
at different levels by the USGA Junior Cham- 
. pionship Committee. No charge.
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book on turf maintenance. $7.
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their start in 1895. $2.
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16

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT; JULY, 1960

FINE SHOWINGS BY AMERICANS
IN BRITISH PLAY

McIntire;
Cochran;
Curtis 
Cuppers

The United States had a lovely spring 

in Britain this year—a lovely golf 

spring that it.
There were three notable occasions, 

The United States team won back the 

and in them:

Curtis Cup.

Miss Barbara McIntire won the British 

Women’s Amateur Championship.

Bob Cochran played through to the 
final of the British Men’s Amateur 
Championship.

Mrs. Henri Prunaret, non-playing cap­
tain of the Curtis Cup team, has written 
fully about her players and the colorful 
match on pages 10-13.

Now for the performances of Miss Mc­

Intire and Mr. Cochran.

In winning the British title, Miss Mc­
Intire, 25, of Lake Park, Fla., laid strong 
claim to being one of the world’s top 
amateur players of recent years. She won 
the United States Women’s Amateur 
Championship last August at the Con­
gressional Country Club, Washington, 
D. C., and, for extra measure, she won 
the Women’s North and South Champion­
ship this spring.

She did not fare as well as she would 
have liked in Curtis Cup play, having 
lost her foursome in partnership with 
Miss JoAnne Gunderson, to Mrs. Angela 
Ward Bonallack and Miss Elizabeth 
Price. In singles she halved her match 
against Miss Price.

So the British Amateur Championship, 
contested at Royal St. David’s Course, 
Harlech, Wales, offered her a fine chance 
to perform again.

She was called on to defeat two of her 
Curtis Cup teammates along the route to 
the final. She defeated Miss Joanne 
Goodwin, Haverhill, Mass., 2 up in the 
quarter-finals, and Miss Anne Quast, 
Marysville, Wash., 4 and 3 in the semi­
finals. Other victories were over Mrs. Isa 
Goldschmidt, Italy, 4 and 3; Mrs. Annie 
Trehane, Wales, 5 and 4; and Miss Gillian 
Coldwell, England, 8 and 6.

McIntire 

Cochran

In the finals she scored a 4 and 2 vic­
tory over Miss Philomena Garvey of Ire­
land, a veteran Curtis Cup player and 
former British Champion. Miss Garvey 
rallied strongly in the 38-hole match, win­
ning the 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st and 33rd, 
but Miss McIntire held on and became 
the fourth American woman to win the 
British title.

Her predecessors were Mrs. Mildred 
Zaharias, Miss Louise Suggs, and Miss 
Wiffi Smith. Before Miss McIntire only 
Mrs. Zaharias and Miss Suggs held both 
the United States and British Women’s 
Championships at the same time.

Other United States Curtis Cup players 
besides Miss McIntire, Miss Quast and 
Miss Goodwin fared thusly:
Miss JoAnne Gunderson, Kirkland, 
Wash., lost to Miss Garvey in the semi­
finals, 3 and 2; Miss Judy Eller, Old 
Hickory, Tenn., lost in the fourth round 
to Miss Sheila Vaughan, England, 2 and 
1; Mrs. Ann Casey Johnstone, Mason City, 
Iowa, lost to Miss Eller in the third 
round, 6 and 4; and Miss Judy Bell, 
Wichita, Kansas, lost the first round by 
one hole to the Vicomtesse de St. Sau- 
veur, France.

Bob Cochran, a 47-year old St. Louis, 
Mo., paper salesman, had never before 
this year played in the British Amateur

USOA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

17

Championship but he has left a fine evi­
dence of his recent visit. He lost in the 
final to Joe Carr, 37, of Dublin, a three­
time British Champion and veteran Wal­
ker Cup player.

The Championship was played at Royal 
Portrush, Northern Ireland. The windy 
6,842-yard course is on the northernmost 
tip of the island.

To reach the final Cochran had to win 
the 34th and 35th holes and halve the 
36th in his semi-final match against 
young Gordon Buddy of England. The 
victory wasn’t Cochran’s until the second 
hole of the play-off.

After the extra hole match Cochran 
said he was extremely tired. The next 
day he played well and hard against Carr 
but the 36-hole match ended with an 8 
and 7 victory for Carr. The only time 
Cochran held the lead was after the third 
hole where Carr three-putted.

Carr got an eagle three on the next hole 
to square. He soon took the lead and re­
mained in command the remainder of the 
match. He led by six holes at lunch and 
his lead went to 10 holes with 10 to play.

Page 14.

man and Evans.

1. Jones, Little, Travers, Ouimet, Good­

2. Yes. Rule 3 only prohibits such 
changing clubs during the stipulated 
round, and a stipulated round is 18 holes 
unless the Committee authorizes other­
wise. See Definition 29.

3. All of the course except the teeing 
ground, putting green of the hole being 
played and hazards. Definition 34.

4. Yes. Rule 3 only prohibits the 

carrying of more than 14 clubs.

5. Mr. Sarazen won both the U. S. and 
the British Open Championships. His 
final round 66 was the lowest in the 
Championship to that date and his 286 
total tied the record set by Charles 
(Chick) Evans 16 years earlier. His 283 
in Britain was another 72-hole record to 
that date.

6. No. This would violate Rule 17-3. 
Out-of-bounds stakes are not obstruc­
tions. See Definition 20.

7. In both cases, a ball must be placed 
on the spot at which the original ball lay 
before the dog picked it up. There is no 
penalty in either case. See Rule 27-la.

8. John J. McDermott in 1911 (he also 

won the following year).

9. The ball is holed. Rule 35-2c governs.
10. When a ball in motion is stopped or 
deflected by an outside agency. Defini­
tion 27.

11. No. Such a club would violate Rule 

2-2d.

12. Walter Hagen in 1922.
13. In match play the player lost the 
hole the moment he asked for advice- 
see Rule 9-1. What the opponent did af­
terwards is irrelevant. In stroke play, 
both competitors would be penalized two 
strokes under Rule 9-1.

14. President Eisenhower. Australia 

now holds the trophy.

15. No. Brushing casual water violates 
Rule 35-la. It is only permissible to brush 
loose impediments and casual water is 
not a loose impediment—see Definitions 
8 and 17.

16. The Rules of Golf do not prohibit 
use of automotive carts. If the local Com­
mittee wishes to prohibit them, the Com­
mittee must adopt a Local Rule. (Use of 
automotive carts is prohibited in USGA 
competitions.)

17. E. Harvie Ward, Jr., and W. Law- 

18. There is no penalty in either form 
of play. In match play, the opponent may 
immediately require the player to replay 
the shot. In stroke play, the ball shall 
be played as it lies. 

'

SUBSCRIBERS TO U.S.G.A. 
GREEN SECTION RESEARCH 
AND EDUCATION FUND, INC.

Augusta National 

Golf Augusta, Ga.

Club,

Catto & Putty, 
Clapper Co., 
Bob Dunning, 
Floyd Farley, 
Donald Harradine

Lionel MacDuff, 
Metropolitan Golf

San Antonio, Tex.
West Newton 65, Mass.
Tulsa, Okla.
Oklahoma City, Okla.

. Magliaso Tessin, 

Switzerland 

Lynn, Mass.

Writers' Association, Manhasset, N. Y. 

National Golf Fund,

Inc., 

New England Golf

Association, 

Dunedin, Fla.

Boston, Mass.

Connecticut State Golf Association 
Maine State Golf Association
Massachusetts State Golf Association 
New England Golf Association
New Hampshire State Golf Association
Rhode Island State
Vermont State Golf
Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., 
J. H. Watson,

Golf Association 
Association 
St. Paul, Minn. 
Marietta, Ohio

Answers to “Quiz Golf” Questions on 

son Little, Jr.

18

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT; JULY, 1960

GOLF WRITERS 
AS GOLF PLAYERS

By

DES SULLIVAN
Newark News

It is almost ancient history now, but it is 

still worth recording that golf writers 
have proved that they aren’t any smarter 

than the people they write about. But 
they may be somewhat hardier.

The pen-and-pencil men gathered for 
the seventh year in Myrtle Beach, S. C., 
at the Dunes Golf and Beach Club for 
their annual Golf Championship—an 
event which is always just before the 
Masters Tournament. Besides producing 
a Golf Writing Champion, the competi­
tion also gives the scribes a chance to 
try out their legs to see if they are in 
proper condition for the long suminer 
campaign.

It generally turns out they are not.
Champion this year is Ronald Green, 
a youth representing The Charlotte News. 
He scored 39 41—80 over the 6,800-yard, 
par-72 Dunes course. On the face of it, 
that total is not something Arnold Pal­
mer would be proud of, but the weather 
the day the writers ventured forth was 
so bad that Palmer and Company probably 
never would have gone outside anyway.

Over the final nine, the writers didn’t 

skirt ponds; they swam, through them.

While Mr. Green was the day’s hero, 
Charles Bartlett of The Chicago Tribune, 
who is Secretary of the Golf Writers As­
sociation of America, earned the title of 
“Outstanding Martyr.” He broke all the 
records for high score. Mr. Bartlett’s 22 
on the 520-yard, water-girt 13th was four 
higher than the soul-searing 18 posted a 
couple of years ago by Herb Graffis of 
Golfdom Magazine.

Charles’ experiences on that hole de­
serve particular description. In his own. 
words, he “approached the problem, care­
fully,” bunting his first shot about 30 
yards. Next he went on the offensive, 
sending an iron to the water’s edge. At 
that point he was faced with a 170-yard 
carry over the pond.

After five shots made a big splash, 
Charles decided to be more cautious and. 
to pay attention to economy. He nudged 

the ball around the drink, reached the 
putting surface in 19 strokes, and neatly 
three putted for his 22.

Charles’ handicap is about 43.
Closely behind Champion Ronald Green 
in. the scoring came Ed Campbell of the 
Charleston, S. C., News and Courier with 
42-39—81.

Others among the better shooters in­
cluded: Dan Seism, Evansville, Ind., 
Courier, 40-43—83; Tom Davison, Hous­
ton Post, 42-42—84; Howard Gill, Golf 
Digest, 44-41—85; Marshall Dann, Western 
Golf Association, 42-45—87; Bill Davis, 
Golf Digest, 45-44—89; the writer of this 
article, 44-47—91.

The Writers’ Tournament suffered a 
loss from an unexpected quarter even be­
fore the festivities began. Dan Jankins of 
the Fort Worth, Texas, Press, won last 
year but he was unable to defend this 
time. He got married a couple of days 
too soon.

Several player-writers began their ap­
pointed rounds but got no further than 
the second green whereupon they re­
tired—to the clubhouse, that is.

While Mr. Bartlett was taking his his­
toric 22 and going through purgatory, 
rain in large bucketfuls was pouring down.
If pros had been out in that stuff, 
they’d have quit and gone home. Nobody 
with intelligence, Graffis said, would per­
mit himself to be seen outdoors in such 
weather. It definitely was a day more 
suited to gin rummy.

There was no championship trophy de­
voted to that sport, but neither Larry 
Robinson, of The New York World-Tele­
gram and Sun, nor Bob Drum, of The 
Pittsburgh Press, worried about trophies. 
They trustingly accepted checks from 
their confreres.

Mr, Drum had a smoothly fashioned 
(a phrase often used by the writers to 
describe the playing of others) 49-44—93. 
Mr. Robinson, brought in a 47-48—95.
This was the seventh time writers have 

visited Myrtle Beach.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

19

A SHORT COURSE
IN COURSE WRECKING

By

LYAL GAPPER
Captain, MurwiHumbah
Golf Club, Australia

Once you have paid your green fees and 

put on your spikes, firstly making 
sure they are sharp and if at all worn be 

sure to replace them with some nice new 
long ones, you are qualified to go forth as 
a course wrecker.

Don’t worry your head about the green 
committee; it has just about given up 
complaining, anyhow. Don’t think the 
committeemen care—they are only on the 
committee for what they can get out of 
it. As for our greenkeeper, he just loves 
a joke and cannot get out to the course 
early enough on Monday mornings to see 
if there is enough repair work to fill in 
his long hours for the week. Money for 
nothing.

Now that you know you haven’t a care 
in the world, get out to the tee and enjoy 
your round of golf; if you reef out a heap 
of divots with those careless practice 
swings, what matter? It only makes the 
course look well used, and what better 
practice could you have for the new 
course than hitting off those undulating 
stances. As for those divot holes along the 
fairway—leave them. We have seen quite 
a few players wondering how to play out 
of those holes lately and it’s great fun to 
hear them curse and bemoan the loss of a 
stroke (some players take their golf too 
seriously).

Anyhow, why bother to replace the 
divots or smooth out the holes with your 
clubhead—those impatient players behind 
will probably start lobbing balls around 
your ears—it’s not worth the risk. You 
certainly can’t scuff with your spikes— 
you must save those to tear up the turf 
in the greens. Just in case you have never 
noticed how successful those spikes are, 
you should play in the last four some day 
just to see what a good round some of 
those earlier players have had, and don’t 
worry yourself about that unfortunate 
player who was penalized two strokes the 
other day for pressing down some torn 
up turf with his putter—he may have 
beaten you for a trophy only for those two 
strokes.

Having discussed all the ‘ifs’ at the 19th 

and decided what score you would have 
had only for those shots to the green, you 
decide to get in some practice on those 
long pitches and full shots. To make sure 
these balls get plenty of stop, it’s best to 
practice just after the greens have been 
well watered or after rain, they are lovely 
and soft then and you can get plug marks 
almost an inch deep—quite a thrill if 
your nerves can take it! But for the ulti­
mate, wait until those soft greens have 
been freshly mown for a competition; the 
result is most devastating and a sure bet 
to upset the field—it couldn’t happen to 
you.
(Reprinted with permission of "Golf in Australia.”)

To Do and Not To Do
The third edition of “Responsibili­
ties of a Golfer” has been published 
by the Saucon Valley Country Club, 
Bethlehem, Pa.

The illustrated booklet outlines in 
words and pictures the things that 
players should do and others not do 
on the course. The opening message 
is, “Respect your golf course and your 
fellow members. Treat your course as 
though it were your own home and 
your own yard. It is your course and 
your club—it can be kept in good con­
dition only with your help.”

From there on “Responsibilities of 
a Golfer” goes on to tell players not to 
take practice swings on the tee; tee 
up only in the teeing ground; replace 
divots; not to hit into players ahead; 
don’t walk up and down faces of 
bunkers; walk flat-footed to avoid 
heel marks; repair footmarks; repair 
ball marks; stand away from the cup 
area; don’t squat on your toes; don’t 
score the green in marking a ball; 
don’t throw lighted cigarettes on the 
green; don’t lean on a club, sending 
the other end into the green; don’t 
rest your bag on the green, and don’t 
allow your caddie to flop the pin on­
to the putting surface.

20

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT; JULY, IMO

Example oi symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. ”R & A” indi­
cates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. “60-1” means the first 
decision issued in 1960. “D” means definition. “R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1960 
Rules of Golf.

AUTOMOTIVE CARTS:
(1) ARE CONSIDERED “EQUIPMENT” 
(2) STATUS WHEN OCCUPIED BY

TWO PLAYERS

USGA 60-5
D. 7, 20, L.R.

Q: Although we do not permit the use 
of automotive equipment in our tourna­
ments, electric carts are used at many of 
our member clubs. We shall therefore 
appreciate any information you may be 
able to give us concerning the category 
into which an electric cart falls.

(1) Is it an obstruction when unoccu­

pied but in use during the round?

(2) Or is it part of the “equipment” of 
the player or players using it, under Defi­
nition 7?

(3) Does its status change in any way 
when it is occupied by an opponent or a 
fellow-competitor?

Question by: Mrs. Kenneth Cooley 
Evanston, Ill.

A: (1) No.
(2) A cart is part of a player’s equip­

ment under Definition 7.

(3) Not unless there is a pertinent 
Local Rule. It is recommended that a 
Local Rule be adopted in advance, based 
on the principles in the text of “Caddy­
ing Double” in the 1960 Rules of Golf 
booklet, page 57.

HAZARD:
STATUS OF HALF-EATEN PEAR
Revised USGA 59-40
D. 17, 20, R. 33-1 
Note: This supersedes Decision 
59-40 dated October 30, 1959

Q: Is a half-eaten pear in front of a 
ball in a hazard an obstruction as defined 
in Definition 20 or is a two-stroke penalty 
incurred in removing the pear before the 
ball is hit? The hazard in which the pear 
was lodged is not in close proximity of 
the pear tree.

Question by: Mrs. Robert I. Lacey 
Great Neck, N. Y.
A: If the player removed the pear, she 
violated Rule 33-1, the penalty for which 
is: Match play—Loss of hole; Stroke Play 
—Two strokes.

A pear is a natural object. When de­
tached from a tree it is a loose impedi­
ment under Definition 17 and may not be 
removed from a hazard. The facts that 
someone had partially eaten the pear in 
question and that it was foreign to its 
natural area do not alter the case.

Natural objects may be transformed in­
to obstructions (Definition 20) through 
processes of manufacturing or construc­
tion. For example: a log (loose impedi­
ment) which has been split and has had 
legs attached to it has been changed by 

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1940

21

construction into a bench (obstruction); 
or a piece of coal (loose impediment) is 
considered an obstruction after it has 
been manufactured into a charcoal 
briquet. However, a loose impediment 
does not become an obstruction merely 
because it may have been slightly altered 
by man. If it were otherwise, a player 
might declare that a twig broken by a 
man’s footstep is an obstruction.

HAZARDS:
(1) TOUCHING GROUND OUTSIDE 

LIMITS PERMISSIBLE
(2) SUGGESTED METHOD FOR 
DEFINING MARGINS

USGA 60-11 
D. 14, R. 33-1

Q: In one-of our major tournaments, 
we marked water hazard boundaries with 
white chalk lines. A local rule provided 
that a ball touching such a white line was 
considered to be in the hazard.

In a match between A and B, A’s ball 
touched the outside edge of one of these 
white lines in such a way that if he 
grounded his club behind the ball he 
would not be touching the ground within 
the hazard. A contended that under the 
circumstances, he could so ground his 
club before making the shot. B claimed 
that if he did so, he would violate Rule 
33-1. Which player is correct?

Question by: W. D. McLoughlin 
Secretary, Ras Tunura Golf Association 
Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
A: Player A is correct. When a ball lies 
in or touches a hazard, the player may 
sole his club outside the hazard without, 
penalty. Rule 33-1 provides in part: 
.
the player shall not touch the ground in 
the hazard . . . with a club ...”

We recommend that your local rule be 
amended to conform with Definition 14d, 
which states in part: “Stakes and lines 
defining the margins of hazards are not 
in the hazards.”

In the diagram submitted, the hazard 
margin in question appears to be located 
some distance from, the natural limit of 
the hazard, which is the spot where the 
ground breaks down to form the depres­
sion containing water. It is suggested 
that lines defining the margins of hazards 
be placed along the natural limits as 
nearly as possible.

PROVISIONAL BALL: 
WHEN TO ABANDON

USGA 60-2
R. 29-3, 30-la, 30-2, 33-2

Q: A and B are playing a match. B 
strikes his ball toward the edge of woods 
bordering the right side of the area 
cleared for play. The ball clearly carries 
an intervening hilltop and disappears be­
yond. B then plays a provisional ball to 
an apparently safe location.

B’s original ball is found lying in a 
drainage ditch. He elects to pick it out 
of the water hazard and drop behind un­
der Rule 33-2a.

A claims the hole: he maintains, that 
B was in breach of Rule 29-3 because his 
original ball was found in the water 
hazard, and the Rule directs a penalty of 
loss of hole in match play for playing a 
provisional ball for a ball which might 
be in such a hazard. Is the claim valid?

Question by: William G. Harding 
Dedham, Mass.

A: A’s claim is not valid.
Rule 29-3 permits a provisional ball 
only if the original ball may be lost or 
out of bounds. Since B’s ball might have 
been lost, B was within his rights in 
playing a provisional ball provided he an­
nounced his intention beforehand (Rule 
30-la). As the original ball was subse­
quently found in a water hazard, B was 
obliged to abandon the provisional ball, 
as provided in Rule 30-2, and to proceed 
under Rule 33-2. His provisional ball was 
not provisional with respect to a ball in 
a water hazard.
COMMITTEE: WINNER’S SCORE NOT 
POSTED

USGA 60-7 
R.ll-lb

Q: A 54-hole stroke play handicap 
tournament was held for a field of ap­
proximately 50 women. On the final day, 
scores were turned in and the Golf Chair­
man announced Player B as the winner. 
Player A, the leader in the tournament 
for the first 36 holes, called the Golf 
Chairman the day after the tournament 
to find out the totals, as the publicity the 
day after the tournament did not list 
them. The Golf Chairman, said she did 
not have the totals. A, ill with the flu for 
a week, waited until the following week 
to check with the Handicap Chairman, 
who had the totals. A check revealed 

22

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

that A's score had been properly attested 
and turned in but not posted. She was 
rightfully the winner, but the trophy had 
already been awarded to B. Are we in 
order in asking B to relinquish the tro­
phy to A even though neither contestant 
was responsible for the error?
Question by: Mrs. Frank C. Ebaugh, Jr. 
Winter Park, Fla.
A: Yes. The trophy should be retrieved 
from B and given to A, the rightful 
winner.

If a Committee ba.- erred in failing to 
post a score which has been correctly re­
sumed and a remedy is feasible, the Com­
mittee should correct its error.

Rule 11-lb does not apply as no penalty 
is involved. There is no time limit for 
correction of errors of this t by a 
Committee.

as he halved the hole with C, who also 
got a par 3.

Question by: Harry B. Schnabel 
President, Ponte Vedra Men’s Golf Assn.
Ponte Vedra Beach. Fla.
A: The hole was halved. There is no 
penalty if a player's ball strikes another 
ball from any distance in a four-ball 
match. Rule 40-lc provides that the moved 
ball (A’s ball) shall be replaced. B was 
obliged to play his ball as it lay, as he 
did. Rule 40-3b is not applicable. A’s ball 
was not “equipment” as used in the Rule 
and as defined in Definition 7. It was still 
in the match despite his statement that 
his ball ‘'did not make any difference anj 
more" and his failure to drop correctly 
trom the water hazard.

C or D could have avoided the incident 
by requesting that A’s ball be lifted or 
played before B played under Rule 40-lb

BALL: IS NOT EQUIPMENT

USGA 60-8

HAZARD:
TOUCHING WITH CLUB(s)

D. 7. R. 40-lb. 40-lc. 40-3b

Q: The 9th hole at Ponte Vedra is a 
par 3 with an island green. A and B were 
partners against C and D in a four-ball 
match. A hit his ball directly across the 
water into the bank of the island and 
then watched it trickle down into the 
water. B drove onto the island about five 
feet short of the green but within 20 
yards of the hole. C drove onto the green, 
about 10 feet from the hole. I) drove into 
a trap- his ball does not enter into thi^ 
discussion.

Where A's ball went into the water is 
not a lateral water hazard, and he should 
have played another ball from the tee 
side of the water. However, he made a 
remark to the effect that his ball did not 
make any difference any more, walked 
across the bridge, dropped his ball on the 
green side of the water and chipped up 
to within three feet of the hole. A’s ball 
was then between B’s ball and the pin, 
and slightly to the right of the line of 
play which B would normally lake.

B chipped on the green. His ball hit 
A’s ball solidly, ricocheted to the left 
and stopped about two feet from the pin.
The question is whether or not B could 
then play his ball where it lay with or 
without a penalty. B sank the putt for a 
par 3 which was immediately questioned, 

USGA 60-10 
R. 33-1, 33-lf

Q: Please explain Rule 33-lf. What is 
meant by term "place his clubs in hazard 
prior to making a stroke.”

I allowed my club to rest on the sand 
in hazard while I adjusted my glove. 1 
was some 10 feet from the ball and in no 
way was testing, etc. I contended such 
was legal in accordance with the above 
mentioned Rule 33-lf. Was I correct?

Question by: George Skinner 
Portsmouth, Va.
A: No. If it were permissible to take 
such action, the way would readily be 
open to testing the soil in the hazard, 
contrary to the Rule.

Clause f in Rule 33-1 is for the prac­
tical purpose of permitting one’s club to 
lie in a hazard without penalty while the 
player is making his stroke. It is a mat­
ter of convenience and time-saving, 
especially when the player is carrying his 
own clubs and the hazard is large or 
awkward to enter and leave.

Clause f in no way abrogate.- the fun­
damental principle of Rule 33-1 that the 
lie of a ball in a hazard may not be im­
proved and that the player may not 
touch the hazard with anything which 
could conceivably affect his lie or could 
be used to test the hazard’s condition.

USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1940

23

HANDICAP DECISION
SELECTED HOLE EVENTS:
NO EQUITABLE WAY TO HANDICAP 

USGA Handicap Decision 60-5
Miscellaneous

Q: We propose to conduct a golf tour­
nament based on the low net of selected 
holes with the following variations: (a) 
Low net on odd holes; (b) Low net on 
even holes; (c) Low net on selected six 
holes; (d) Low net on selected nine 
holes; (e) Blind draw of various num­
bers of holes.

1. Should net scores on the selected 
holes be determined by the allocation of 
handicap strokes as they fall on the 
card?

or

2. Should net scores on the selected 
holes be determined from a percentage 
of the player’s handicap, such as one-half 
handicap for nine holes or one-third 
handicap for six holes?

Question by: Mrs. J. A. Hendrickson 
Minneapolis, Minn.
A: It is likely that inequities will arise 
under either method and the USGA does 
not have any recommendations for such 
events. The USGA Handicap System is 
based on the player’s ability to score on 
an entire 18 hole round and his handi­
cap is valued accordingly. Handicap 
strokes are alloted on the score card on 
the basis of the relative difficulty of each 
respective hole as compared to the en­
tire 18 holes.

Method 1 is inequitable because the 
fraction of handicap received in relation 
to the fraction of holes selected could be 
more or less than that to which the 
player is entitled. Method 2 is inequitable 
because a player could receive handicap 
strokes on holes where she would not re­
ceive them if her full handicap were used 
during a full round; for example, a ten 
handicap player could receive a stroke 
on the No. 15 handicap stroke hole.

USGA Handicaps are 18-hole handi­
caps. Any tournament of less than 18 
holes in which handicaps are determined 
on a proportionate basis can produce cer­
tain inequities. In light of this, when an 
event such as this is scheduled, the Com­
mittee should announce in advance the 
method which is to be used to determine 
handicaps and point out to the competi­
tors that any method used will be in­
equitable to some degree.

USGA FILM LIBRARY

"Famous Golf Courses: Scotland," is a 18- 
minute film in full color. Famous holes were 
photographed at Troon, Prestwick, Carnous­
tie, St. Andrews, North Berwick and Muir- 
field.

"Walker Cup Highlights," is a 16-minute 
film tracing the early history and play for 
the first international golf trophy. Bob Jones, 
Francis Ouimet and other Walker Cup stars 
are shown. The latter half of the film is in 
color.

"St. Andrews, Cradle Of Golf," is a 14- 
minute, full color, 16mm travelogue of his­
toric St. Andrews, Scotland, its Old Course 
and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club club­
house.

"First World Amateur Team Champion­
ship for Eisenhower Trophy," is a 14-minute, 
full color, 16mm film of the first World Ama­
teur Team Championship at St. Andrews. 
Twenty-nine countries compete for the 
Eisenhower Trophy.

"On the Green," a 17-minute, full color, 
16mm presentation filmed at the Mid-Ocean 
Club, Bermuda, illustrates correct procedures 
under the Rules of Golf governing situations 
arising on the putting green.

"Golf's Longest Hour," a 16mm full color 
production of 17Va minutes, depicts the clos­
ing stages of the 1956 Open Championship, 
Filmed at the beautiful Oak Hill Country 
Club, Rochester, N.Y., it shows the eventual 
winner, Cary Middlecoff, set a target at 
which Ben Hogan, Julius Boros and Ted 
Kroll strive in vain to beat.

"Play Them As They Lie," a 16mm color 
production of 16% minutes in which Johnny 
Farrell, Open Champion of 1928, acts as in­
termediary between Wilbur Mulligan, a be­
ginner of unimpeachable integrity, and 
Joshua P. Slve, a past master in the art of 
breaking the Rules. The film was made at 
the Baltusrol Golf Club, Springfield, N. J., 
where Farrell is professional.

"Great Moments in Golf," lets the viewer 
see the many interesting exhibits in "Golf 
House," USGA headquarters in New York, 
and re-live golf triumphs of the past with 
many of the game's immortals. The film is a 
16mm black and white production and runs 
28 minutes.

"The Rules of Golf—Etiquette" stresses 
the importance of etiquette by portrayal of 
various violations of the code in the course 
of a family four-ball match. Ben Hogan ap­
pears in several scenes, and Robert T. 
Jones, Jr., makes the introductory state­
ment. A 16mm color production of 17% 
minutes.

The distribution of prints is handled by 
National Educational Films, Inc., 165 West 
46th Street, New York 36, N. Y., which pro­
duced the films in cooperation with the 
USGA. The rental is $20 per film; $35 for 
two; $50 for three; $60 for four and $70 for 
five, in combination at the same time, In­
cluding the cost of shipping prints to the 
renter.

24

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

A Completely Automatic Sprinkling System 
at the Seattle Golf Club

By EDWARD A. DUNN
President, Seattle Golf Club

rphe Green Section suggested that you 
JL would be interested in why we 
selected an automatic, multi-row sprink­
ling system; how we engineered and in­
stalled it; and finally, how it operates.

We have a limited supply of water and 
with the poor utilization of a manual 
system we were forced to let the first 
100 yards of the fairways and all of the 
rough to brown out. Also, night water 
men were so unreliable that some areas 
would be saturated and others starved. 
Even the most conscientious workmen 
tend to overwater and apply 40 minutes 
when ordered 20 minutes. Usually at the 
end of the summer season our greens are 
in poor shape and we attribute this to 
the erratic watering. We play golf 
twelve months a year and whatever condi­
tion the greens are in on November 1st, 
we have to play on them until March. So 
we felt that an automatic sprinkling sys­
tem was mandatory.

Out on the Pacific Coast we never 
make a major move without consulting 
with our Western Director, Bill Bengey- 
field. So naturally, when we decided to 
install a system, we sent Ken Putnam, 
our green superintendent, down to Los 
Angeles and Bengeyfield’s office for ad­
vice. Bill conducted him and directed 
him to the courses which he considered 

had the most desirable systems. Putnam’s 
report was that, down the middle, quick 
coupling systems were successful in parts 
of California, but in the Pacific North­
west, resulted in overwatered centers be­
cause of our non-porous soil. He was al­
so concerned about compaction by the 
long throw systems. The automatic multi­
row systems he judged successful except 
he did not like the fairways, tees, and 
greens all receiving the same amount of 
water. We then chose the multi-row au­
tomatic system with separate controls for 
greens, tees, and fairways plus parallel 
systems of quick couplers around greens 
and tees and quick couplers for the 
rough. Putnam also reported that he 
found no superintendent that was happy 
with contract installed systems.

A fixed contract price was attractive 
but we chose to install the system our­
selves. This gave us complete control 
over planning, design, and installation. 
We knew that any contract would have 
to have a percentage in it for contin­
gencies plus a profit. We were sure also 
that this margin would cover any expense 
incurred by our lack of experience.

Our superintendent was a strong factor 
in our decisions. His observations were 
very helpful in the selection of the sys­
tem. He supervised and worked on the 

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

25

installation twelve to fourteen hours a 
day for three months. One very favorable 
advantage we gained by owner installa­
tion is that we have a superintendent 
that is familiar .with every facet of our 
system.

We have a very competent irrigation 
engineer in Seattle. We hired him on a 
fee basis. He informed us that an entire 
system of noncorrosive materials was 
particularly important in automatic sys­
tems. We have 890 automatic pop up gear 
driven sprinkler heads that can. be jam­
med by scale or corrosive elements. This 
dictated, our decision to use transite pipe 
for all our main supply lines. For the 
pressure lines leading to our quick 
coupling valves we used PVC or poly­
vinyl chloride material because of its 
structural or impact strength. For the 
non-constant pressure lines leading to 
the pop ups, A B S or Kralastic was 
used. The hydraulic control tubing is 
3/8” and 5/16” polyethylene.

We were very concerned over reports 
of plastic pipe failures. Our engineer 
drew up five typewritten pages of speci­
fications. They included what materials 
the pipe should be made of, the physical 
standards including specific gravity, ten­
sile strength, compressive strength, and 
others. He also listed acetic acid and im­
pact tests that he would conduct at the 
factory before shipment. Incidentally, the 
only rejection he made was one set of 
elbows with walls that were not up to 
the specified thickness.

Controlling pressure is a very im­
portant factor in using plastic pipe. Our 
system operates with a pressure of ap­
proximately 72 pounds. We installed a 
valve just beyond the booster pump. 
When the pressure approaches 80 pounds, 
the valve opens and routes the water 
back to the main line.

calculations. The heads are spaced on 60 
to 65 foot centers and set to give us an 
overlap of about 6 feet.

The system is hydraulically operated 
by the 8 clock controls, 4 for fairways, 2 
for greens, and 2 for tees. The controls 
are set to operate on alternate nights. 
Five minutes of operation on alternate 
nights delivers 1/10 of an inch of water 
per week, thus 50 minutes gives us one 
inch per week. The clocks will be set to 
turn on for 25 minutes and then four 
hours later come on for the other 25 
minutes. The interval between applica­
tions naturally gives better penetration.
We have been questioned about the jus­
tification of the double systems around 
the greens. Our temperature rarely goes 
over 80 degrees and we want to hold the 
water on our shallow rooted Poa greens 
to a minimum. Occasionally, we get a 
short spell of weather that approaches 
90 degrees, then we have to have an aux­
iliary system to prevent wilt. We also 
have areas at the sides and backs of 
greens that the pop ups do not reach. 
The quick couplers have an adjustable 
head that can be set at anything from 10 
degrees to 360 degrees coverage. We can 
cover any one part of the green or we can 
set for the sides and none of the green.
Our main supply line is a 6-inch steel 
pipe installed in 1944. Corrosion has cut 
its capacity to less than that of a 4-inch 
line. We lift water to an elevation of 443 
feet through over a mile of this pipe. 
We actually force 350 gallons per minute 
through this line with a 100 HP vertical 
turbine pump. When we replace it, at a 
cost of $30,000, our pumping rate will be 
increased to 500 gallons per minute and 
the efficiency will be increased at least; 
75%.

The ultimate success of a system is in 
the sprinkler head itself. We selected 
gear driven pop ups over the cam driven 
because they have a more even rate of 
turning, a greater diameter of coverage 
with smaller droplet size and we were 
assured that they are less subject to 
normal wear. The smaller droplet size 
gives better penetration and we expect 
to use 40% less water than we would 
with a long throwing system.. Our 
sprinkler heads are oversize and throttled 
down to allow us a margin of error in our 

TURF MANAGEMENT

The book "Turf Management," sponsored 
by the United States Golf Association and 
edited by Prof. H. B. Musser, is a complete 
and authoritative guide in the practical de­
velopment of golf-course turfs.

This 354-page volume is available through 
the USGA, 40 East 38th Street, New York 
16, N. Y., the USGA Green Section Regional 
Offices, the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 350 West 
42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y., or local 
bookstores. The cost is $7.

26 

USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

Oin material list included' 15.400 leet 
ol transite: 20.000 feel of PVO (Poly­
vinyl chloride); 55,000 feet of ABS; 90.- 
500 feet of polyelhlene control *ubing. 
890 gear driven pop ups: 320 quick 
coupler outlets; 8 control clocks, plus 
all of the accessories.

Double elbows under each sprinkler 
head provide live way movement with­
out breakage. Heavy equipment can ride 
over it or knock it in any direction and 
the elbows allow a turning action chat 
saves the pipe

In installing our system we used three 
diggeis. A larger digger cut 14-inch 
trenches tm our main lines A medium 
size cut 8-inch widths on the fairways and 
a small digger dug the 4-inch trenches 
around the tees and greens.

A questionnaire on a sprinkling system 
v.ould include: how complete is the cov­
erage. how much labor is required, and 

; molly how small a droplet of waler is 
being applied. We believe that our sys 
tern rates high on all three counts.

The 1980 Educational Meeting of ' 
the USGA Green Section was held in i 
Xew York on .January 29. Most of the 
papers presented at that meeting were 
reproduced in the April and June is­
sues of the USGA Journal. Mr. Dunn ■ 
presented the discussion of "A Com­
pletely Automatic Sprinkling System 
at the Seattle Golf Club" at that meet­
ing. In response to questions, he also 
presented the information, contained 
in the accompanying article entitled , 

! "A Turf Lifting Operation at the Seat- 
’ tie Golf Club.” A more complete de- ] 
script ion of this operation, together
‘ with pictures, appeared in the USGA 1 

Journal of August. 1958.

4 Turf Lifting Operation at the Seattle Golf Club
By EDWARD A. DUNN 
President, Seattle Golf Club

Our course was carved out of the forest 

in 1908. The land is glacial moraine 
with hard pan underlying the surface. 

The builders blasted out the large Doug­
las Fir stumps. The roo-s had penetrated 
the hard pan and the dynamite loosened 
it more. Over the years these areas kept 
sinking until we had a series of mounds 
and depressions. The mowers would scalp 
the mounds and the water would run off 
them. The mowers would miss the depres­
sions and the water would saturate them.
To correct the situation we lifted all 
the fairway sod, broke up the surface 
with a disc harrow and leveled it with a 
chain harrow. We then applied three tons 
of lime and 1.000 pounds of 10-10-10 fer­
tilizer per acre. The sod then was relaid. 
When we could lift and relay within a 
five day interval, the sod would recover 
fast and we were able to play, using 
winter rules ten days later. When we left 
the sod off over a week, it would burn 
and take three to five weeks to recover.
Our sod cutter sliced the turf one inch 
thick, fifteen inches wide and forty-eight 
inches long. Pallet boards held three 

Macks of these slabs. A fork lift attached 
to our tractor moved the pallets io the 
sides of the fairways. We then renovated 
the soil as described above and relaid the 
sod. Barring weather interruptions, we 
were able to complete one fourth of an 
average fairway per week. Play was con­
tinuous. using one side of the fairway.

Most of our work was done in late fall 
and early spring. A large percentage of 
our labor was accomplished with our own 
green crew by neglecting regular course 
maintenance. The cost including extra 
labor and materials averaged $420.00 per 
acre. If we had employed all outside help, 
it would have cost about $700.00 per 
acre. A goodly percentage of our cost was 
caused by the soil we encountered. We 
were forced to pick up by hand about 90 
tons of rock.

The operation is now complete, with 
about 50 acres renovated. The members 
are very happy with iheir new fairways. 
The committee is gratified that the pro­
gram increased the water utilization by 
fifty per cent.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, I960

27

Tifway Bermudagrass
By DR. GLENN W. BURTON
Principal Geneticist, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia

Tifway Bermudagrass is a chance hy­

brid between Cynodon transvaalen- 
sis and C. dactylon that appeared in a 
lot of seed of C, transvaalensis supplied 
by Dr. D. Meredith, African Explosives 
and Chemical Industries Limited, 40 Fox 
Street, Johannesburg, South Africa, in 
the spring of 1954. The only identifying 
characteristic on this lot of seed was the 
number “2”, given to it by Dr. Meredith. 
Inasmuch as all other seedlings studied 
from this seed lot were C. transvaalen­
sis, the female parent of Tifway must 
have been C. transvaalensis (2n = 18). 
The chromosome number (2n = 27) and 
other characteristics of Tifway indicate 
that its male parent must have been C. 
dactylon (2n = 36).

The principal characteristics of Tif­
way, three other turf Bermudas, and 
common Bermuda from seed are sum­
marized in Table 1. Tifway, like our other 
C. transvaalensis X C. dactylon hybrids, 
has 27 chromosomes and, thus, will shed 
no pollen and set no seed. It appears to 
be equal or superior to Tiffine and Tif- 
green in all characteristics listed except 
softness. It is not nearly as soft as Tif- 
green and, hence, will not be as well 
suited for putting greens. Its greater 
stiffness will make it better suited than 
Tifgreen, however, for fairways and tees, 
where greater stiffness will give the ball 
a better lie. This greater stiffness or 
woodiness should result in greater re­

sistance to sod webworm, which is par­
ticularly fond of Tifgreen. Tifway also 
spreads faster than Tifgreen (Table 2), 
which should facilitate coverage with 
wider sprig spacings. Tifway has a darker 
green color than any of the Bermudas 
released from Tifton. The comments of 
homeowners examining the turf plots at 
Tifton indicate that this color should 
make Tifway particularly popular as a 
lawn grass.

It is apparent that Tifway will be su­
perior to Tiffine, Tifgreen, and Tiflawn 
for fairways, tees, lawns, and similar 
uses. The name “Tifway” (coined from 
Tifton and fairway) indicates one of the 
main uses to which we believe this grass 
will be put. Tifgreen, because of its 
greater softness, will continue to be the 
best grass for golf greens. Tiflawn, be­
cause of its greater coarseness and tough­
ness, will no doubt remain the heavy- 
duty grass for football fields, school 
grounds, athletic fields, etc.

Supporting test data that recommend 
the release of Tifway (No. 37 in this test 
and No. 419 in an earlier test) appear in 
Tables 2, 3, and 4. Many of these data 
were obtained from a replicated test 
planted on MC-2 sterilized soil at the 
Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Sta­
tion in March, 1957. Each 8 x 12 foot plot 
was established by setting 3x3 feet 
apart 6 small plants that had been grow­
ing under uniform conditions in the

Table 1. Comparative characteristics of

several Bermudagrasses used for turf.

Grass

5 Chromo­
some
No.
2n

Dis- : 
ease : 
:resist-: 
ance :

Sod 
den­
sity

Weed 
resist­
ance

: Seed
: head
: abun- 
: dance

Tifway

27 :

1.0 : 2.3

1.0

: 1.0

: :
: Fine-:
: ness :

: :
: 1 :

Tiffine

Tiflawn

Tifgreen

Common

27

36

27

36

1.0 : 2.5

1.5

: 1.5

: 1 :

2 

1.0 : 2.9

1.0

: 3.0

: 3 

:

4 

1.0 : 2.2

1.5

: 1.0

5.0 : 6.5

4.0

: 4.0

: 1 :
s 
:
: 4 
:

Soft-: 
ness :

Type of green 

color

3 

1 J

:

:

:

Very dark

Light ;

Dark

Dark

4 

:

Medium

NOTE: Grasses receiving ratings nearest 1.0 were most resistant to disease and weeds, had the 

greatest sod density, the fewest seed heads, the finest leaves, and made the softest turf.

28

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, I960

Table 2. The 1957 response of Tifway turf Bermuda in comparison with several checks.

Grass

Plant : Leaf : Height in : Percent 

diameter:hopper sinches when: of 

in :resist-:_not_cut : plot 
inches : ance : 5/28:6/26 : covered 

4/12 : 5/28 : 

! 

: 5/28

: Greenness
: rating
:(Average

for

: season

Sod density 
rating 
(Average 
for 
season)

Tifway

34.0

Tifgreen

18.0

Tiflawn

Common

20.0

28.0

2

2

2

2

3.0 : 7.0

70.0

2.4

1.0 : 3.8

75.0

: 

3.4

5.0 : 6.8

77.5

: 

4.5

5.0 : 9.0

82.5

: 

4.2

5% LSD

2.0

IS

.6 i

.9

9.6

: 1.1

2.3

2.3

4.2

6.5

1.1

NOTE: Ratings ranged from 1 for excellent color, sod density, and leaf-hopper resistance to 1# for 

very poor color, density, and leaf-hopper resistance.

greenhouse during the winter. The plant­
diameter measurements taken on April 
12, 1957, and summarized in column 1 of 
Table 2 are indicative of the rate of 
spread of these grasses. It is believed 
that most other characteristics are self 
explanatory. Sod density and greenness 
ratings were taken several times (about 
once a month during the growing season) 
but only the yearly averages have been 
presented.

Some of the information in Table 4 
came from large fairway plots established 
in the spring of 1959. It was in these 
plots where all grasses were the same age 
and cut at the same height that the 
striking differences in frost resistance 
were observed. Here also was afforded an 
excellent opportunity to observe the very 
dark green color of Tifway.

Mr. T. M. Baumgardner, Vice President 
of the Sea Island Company, Sea Island, 
Georgia., has had Tifway (No. 419) under 
observation at Sea Island during the past 
season. Mr. Baumgardner, a trained land­
scape gardener, has been directing the 
turf program on the Sea Island Golf Club 
for many years and is one of the best 
authorities on turf grasses for lawns and 
golf that I know. A part of his December 
7 report on this grass follows:

“As you know, you gave us a small 
sample of No. 419 early last spring 
for experimental purposes. We put 
this grass in our sod nursery, which 
had been treated with methyl bro­
mide, and by late spring had enough 
grass to plant the 1500 square foot 
addition to our No. 2 tee at the Sea 
Island Golf Club.

Table 3. The 1958 response of Tifway turf Bermuda in comparison with several checks.

:Greenness:Sod-densityt Seedhead s Density oft Greenness* Recovery of
: rating
:(Average

rating s 

Bermuda 
from' 

of  :

: rating : abundances
:(Average : (Average :
:
: 
for 
:
dates :
: season 
i
s
: 
:
:  2.5 

2.0 

two 

:

; ryegrass : 
: overseededt
■.. on_plo££_:
; 3/21/58 s
; :
;  6.0 
:

: 

: 

: 

2.0 

:

2.0 

3.0 

■ :

4.5 

:; 

:•. 

5.0 

7.0 

9.0 

i

5.0 

si 6.0 

:

:

:

3/28/58 ;

_ryesras%— 

4/22/58

t
:

:

:

:

3.0

2.0

5.0

10.0

4.0 

4.0 

7.0 

7.0 

Grass

: for
:season

Tifway

: 2.2

Tifgreen : 2.8

Tiflawn

: 4.3

Common

: 7.3

NOTE: Grasses receiving ratings nearest 1.0 had the best color and density, the fewest seed heads, 

and made the best recovery after ryegrass.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960 

29

Table 4. The 1959 response of Tifway turf Bermuda in comparison with several checks.

Grass

«

Soft-
ness

• of

gra$s

• Greenness
rating
(Average
for
season

t

Tifway

Tifgreen t

Tiflawn

Connion

•

3

1

4

4

1.7

1.9

2.7

t

3.8

s

•

s

t

5

Sod-density s Resistance i

rating
(Average

for
season

s to spurge
: invasion
•_on_SEaen£_ t green
J 8/8/59
i color

: Type
t of

2.0

2.3

2.6

4.0

5
; 

: 

: 

1.0

2.0

1.0

:Very dark

: Dark

s Dark

s 4.0

s Medium

Frost
s resistance
rating

s

j

s

$

1

3

2

2

NOTE: Grasses receiving ratings nearest 1.0 had the best color and density, the greatest resistance 

to spurge add frost, and made the softest turf.
“We have been most favorably im­
pressed with the behavior and ex­
perience with this grass for tee, fair­
way, and lawfa purposes. The particu­
lar tee on which this grass is planted 
has about ohe-half of the remaining 
area planted to Tifton 57 Bermuda 
and the oth^r half to common Ber­
muda, both of which were planted 
several year$ ago.

“The No. 419 seemed to spread and 
cover very quickly and has formed a 
very dense, closely knit, rather stiff- 
bladed turf ( of very good medium 
fine texture and excellent dark green 
color. So farj this turf has not shown 
the tendency to fluffiness, which is 
one of the riain objections to Tifton 
57, as you kfiow, for golf-course use. 
From our observation so far, I be­
lieve this gr^ss is far superior to Tif- 
green. 328 for fairway or tee pur­
poses, as it (seems to be a sturdier 
grass, which (should take less meticu­
lous maintenance than No. 328 and, 
as you have (pointed out in your let­
ter, it certainly provides a better lie 
because of the stiffer grass blades. 
I think, too, under heavy playing 
conditions, particularly on the tees, 
that this grass would be less likely to 
show severe'damage than Tifton No. 
328. 

“We had -considerable infestation 
of both crowfoot and common crab- 
grass on this tee and we sprayed 
with the No. 419 r”ass along with the 
rest of the tee with disodium methyl 
arsonate combined with 2,4-D as the 
first application and DSMA without 
the 2,4-D in one or two subsequent 

(

applications. The No. 419 did not 
show any more damage from spray­
ing than either the common or Tif­
ton 57 Bermuda. As you know, Tif- 
green is particularly sensitive to 
2,4-D as compared with some of the 
other Bermudas and I should think 
this would be another advantage for 
your No. 419 grass.”

A foundation nursery of Tifway was 
established at the Georgia Coastal Plain 
Experiment Station during the summer 
of 1959 and will be available to supply 
certified growers in the spring of 1960.

Illinois Turf grass Field Day

The- Illinois Turf grass Foundation is 

progressing rapidly with plans for 
furthering turfgrass research in Illinois. 

The Foundation’s purpose is to support 
turfgrass research and educational pro­
grams at the University of Illinois. The 
work will be conducted at the campus in 
Urbana and at the Drug and Horticul­
tural Experiment Station in Downers 
Grove.

There are definite plans for a field day 
on July 27. This meeting will be at the 
Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. Plots 
showing grass varieties, weed control 
studies, and the effects of management 
practices will be visited.

The Illinois Turfgrass Foundation is 
being developed under the capable 
leadership of Ben Warren, President; 
Bertram Rost, Vice-President; Paul Bur­
dett, Treasurer; and Harleigh Kem­
merer, Secretary.

30

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

Greens Aerification vs Playing Compaction

By CHARLES J. COGAN
Greens Chairman, Irvine Coast Country Club, Newport Beach, California

How many golfers know what one of 

the principal causes of compaction 
of greens is on a golf course? True, there 

are several reasons, but one of the main 
causes is attributed to the constant walk­
ing on and off the greens by players 
themselves.

Take, for instance, our own golf course. 
We hosted 6,234 players during one of 
the busy summer months, which means 
there were, in round numbers, 6,000 
players making ingress and egress to 
and from each green respectively, and 
averaging 200 players per day.

Take for Instance

1 day—1 player with 24 cleats av­

eraging 28 paces per green

28 paces per green x 24 cleats equal 

672 impressions

672 impressions x 18 greens equal 
12,096 impressions for one player
200 players, daily average—2,419,200 

200 players for one month—72,576,- 

impressions

000 impressions

To combat this surface compaction, the 
Directors authorized the purchase of an 
“Aerator” especially designed for golf 
course greens. The machine selected by 
golf course superintendent, Arthur Sun­
derland, and Greens Chairman, C. J. 
Cogan, is one that is designed for keep­
ing putting greens in perfect playing 
condition without interrupting daily play, 
and without damage to the putting sur­
face. The machine punches 30,000 clean 
cut holes in every 1,000 square feet of 
turf, or approximately 300,000 holes each 
green, making a total of 5,400,000 holes, 
14” diameter, averaging 2%” deep, each 
round of 18 greens. This represents an 
approximate removal of three cubic yards 
of plugs from an average 10,000 square 
foot green, said plugs can be pulverized 
for top dressing.

The closely spaced perforations ■ allow 
water and fertilizer to reach the zone 
root faster. Greens will require less fre­
quent watering, and deep penetration of 
hollow tines promotes healthy root 
growth and uniform soil texture.

RADIOACTIVITY IN PLANT SCIENCE

One of the important peaceful uses of 
atomic energy is concerned with the pro­
duction of radioisotopes for use in agri­
cultural research. By the use of radio- 
actively tagged phosphorus and other ele­
ments, scientists can trace the movements 
of fertilizers in the soil and in the plant 
and they are able to discover the mode of 
action of weed killers and hormone-like 
growth substances. Each time a new tech­
nique is used, more applications of this 
useful tool are suggested.

In the field of plant breeding, scientists 
are using irradiation techniques to force 
mutations. The mutations come about 
through the breaking and rearrangement 
of chromosomes and through the destruc­
tion of genes (the entities through which 
heritable characters are transmitted from 
parent to offspring). Inasmuch as mutant 
types are sometimes superior to parents, 
this technique holds promise of broad­

ening the potential limits within which 
a plant breeder may strive for improve­
ment.

Some scientists have attempted to con­
trol pests through the use of radiation. 
It is of interest that some pests, notably 
nematodes, are extremely resistant to 
radiation. United States Department of 
Agriculture scientists have found that the 
golden nematode can withstand 20,000 
roentgens before the female is sterilized. 
More than 120,000 roentgens are required 
to kill this species. Lethal doses for some 
other species range from 350,000 to 640,- 
000 roentgens. By comparison, some fatali­
ties among humans result from exposure 
cf 300 roentgens. A dosage of 650 roent­
gens is considered to be almost invaria­
bly fatal to man.

Because of the extreme resistance of 
nematodes to radiation, this project has 
been abandoned.

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1M0

31

William H. Bengeyfield (right), Director of the USGA Green Section’s Western 
Region, has been presented with a Certificate of Award from the Rocky Mountain 
Golf Course Superintendents Association. Joseph S. Shipp, President of the Associa­
tion, made the presentation. He cited Mr. Bengeyfield’s constructive and educational 
contributions to the superintendents in the Rocky Mountain Area.

COMING EVENTS

July 14-15 

Lawn and Turf Conference 
University of Missouri 
Columbia, Mo.

September 15-16 

Midwest Turf Field Days 
Purdue University 
Lafayette, Indiana

July 20 

Texas Turfgrass Association Field Day 
Texas A. and M. College 
College Station, Texas

July 27 

First Illinois Turfgrass Field Day 
Morton Arboretum 
Lisle, III.

August 8 

Mississippi Turfgrass Field Day 
Mississippi State University 
State College, Miss.

August 10-11

1960 Rutgers T'irfgrass Field Day 
Rutgers—The State University 
New Brunswick, N. J.

September 20-21 

Ohio Lawn Clinic 
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station 
Wooster, Ohio

September 21 noon to September 22 noon 

Penn State Turfgrass Field Day 
The Pennsylvania State University 
University Park, Pa.

December 5-9

Fifty-Third Annual Meeting of 
American Society of Agronomy 
Morrison Hotel 
Chicago, III.

32

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

IT’S YOUR HONOR

To The USGA:

I will attempt to give you a sum­
mary of the Columbia Country Club’s 
Opening Day time experiment in 
April, this year.

Between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 
about 3:00' p.m., we started 49 fours 
off the first tee, or a total of 196 
players. We kept records of the times 
taken by each of these foursomes, as 
they were playing a four-ball tourna­
ment similar to the normal everyday 
play at the Club. Of the 49 fours, 41 
took over 3 hours, 4 took less than 
3 hours, and 4 played in exactly 3 
hours. The times varied from a low 
of 2 hours and 50 minutes to a high 
of 3 hours and 45 minutes. The av­
erage playing time for the day per 
four-ball was 3 hours and 21 minutes.
As you know, we employed no 
“policemen” on the course, but did 
use 4 signs to remind the players 
to facilitate play. I think the most 
important lesson learned from this 
experiment is the advantage gained 
by not allowing any four to play 
from the first tee until the group 
ahead reached the first green. This, 
of course, took some additional time 
in starting; but, I am sure that 
a player would rather wait 15 or 20 
minutes under crowded conditions to 
start than to be forced to wait 
around the various points on the 
course for periods that would total 
more than the 15 or 20 minutes that 
he has spent in conversation on a 
bench at the Golf Shop.

Of course, our Opening Day this 
year was blessed with very favorable 
weather and an ample supply of cad­
dies. If we had run out of caddies, 
as has frequently been the case in 
the past, you and a few other late 
starters could not have finished your 
round.

We have achieved our aim in this 
experiment, that aim. being to con­
vince our members that even under 
crowded conditions, a round of golf 
need not be a long and uncomfort­

able experience. I hope the results 
I have properly recorded at the Club 
could have a favorable influence on 
the speed of play at clubs through­
out the country. If the USGA, would 
ever desire a slogan as an attempt 
to combat slow play, I believe about 
90% of our troubles might be cir­
cumvented if players could memorize 
the .following:

“Anticipate each next shot and be 

ready to play in turn.”

J. Tyler Bowie :
Columbia Country Club 
Washington, D. C.

Off The Beaten Track

To The USGA:

I am forwarding a notice of the 
Ceylon Amateur Golf Championship 
to be held in the Nuwara Eliya in 
October this year. These notices are 
sent yearly to- most of the South East 
Asian Golf Clubs and we occasionally 
have competitors from India and 
Malaya, particularly when the Cham­
pionship is played at Nuwara Eliya, 
a beautiful hill station with a very 
good and picturesque course at an 
elevation of over 6,000 feet.

Some years ago we had Nils Thy- 
gesen, a Danish Amateur Champion 
playing in this event, and he came 
into- the final but was beaten by our 
Pinsiri (Pin) Fernando.

It would be too much to- hope for 
entries from your part, of the world, 
but if it does happen, that some good 
amateurs are looking for a holiday, 
off the beaten track, with golf and 
excellent trout fishing thrown in, 
don’t fail, to mention Ceylon. I assure 
you they will not be disappointed 
either with the golf or the beauty 
and novelty of the country and hospi­
tality of its people.

Dr. L. V. B. Fernando, 
Honorable Secretary, .
Ceylon Golf Union
(2 Gower Street, Colombo, Ceylon)

USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JULY, 1960

33

USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

PRESIDENT 
John G. Clock, Long Beach, Calif. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS 
Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y.
John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla.
SECRETARY
Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. 
TREASURER
Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
The above officers and:
Fred Brand, Jr.. Pittsburgh, Pa.
William C. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y.
Charles C. Clare, New Haven, Conn.
Edwin R. Foley, Oakland, Calif.
Harry L. Givan, Seattle, Wash.
Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo.
Robert K. Howse, Wichita, Kans.
Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III.
Henry H. Russell, South Miami, Fla.
A. Vinton Stegeman, Jr., Ft. Thomas, Ky.
HONORARY MEMBER
J. Frederic Byers, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.
GENERAL COUNSEL
Philip H. Strobing, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Joseph C. Dey, Jr., New York, N. Y.
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS: P. J. Boatwright, Jr., and Sterling G. Slappey

USGA HEADQUARTERS
"Golf House", 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y.

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN
RULES OF GOLF: John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. 
CHAMPIONSHIP: Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn.
AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: Charles C. Clare, New Haven, Conn. 
IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. 
MEMBERSHIP: Edwin R. Foley, Oakland, Calif. 
GREEN SECTION: William C. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y. 
WOMEN'S: Mrs. Henri Prunaret, Natick, Mass.
SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. 
PUBLIC LINKS: Charles C. Clare, New Haven, Conn. 
HANDICAP: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. 

Handicap Procedure: Herman M. Freydberg, New York, N. Y. 

JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Harry L. Givan, Seattle,. Wash.
SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III. 
GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. 

MUSEUM: Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III.

BOB JONES AWARD: Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. 
FINANCE: Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn.

USGA GREEN SECTION
EASTERN REGION

Northeastern Office: Lipman Hall, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.

Alexander M. Radke, Director, Eastern Region
T. T. TaylOr, Northeastern Agronomist

Mid-Atlantlc Office: 711 West Ave., Jenkintown, Pa.

Charles K. Hallowell, Mid-Atlantlc Director

Southeastern Office: Conner Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga.

James B. Moncrief, Southeastern Agronomist
MID-CONTINENT REGION

Southwestern Office: Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Tex.

Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Director, Mid-Continent Region and National 

Research Coordinator

W. Wayne Allen, Southwestern Agronomist
Mld-Western Office: Room 241, LaSalle Hotel, Chicago 2, III.
James L. Holmes, Mld-Western Agronomist

Western Office: P. O. Box 567, Garden Grove, Cal.

William H. Bengeyfield, Director, Western Region

WESTERN REGION