ISG\ JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT ALLIGATOR NAMED ARNIE J. C. Goosie, professional at East Bay Country Club, Largo, Fla., prepares to hit ball as John Glass and Goosie's "pet" alligator watch. Goosie and Glass captured gator near club's second hole and Goosie named it Arnie; after another golfer perhaps? Goosie played in the 1962 USGA Open Championship scoring 71-79-75-75—300. —Clearwater Sun Photo AUGUST, 1962 USGA JOURNAL AHO TURF MANAGEMENT Published by the United States Golf Association 1962 by United Stotes Golf Association. Permission to reprint articles or material in the USGA © Journal and Turf Management is granted to publishers of newspapers, periodicals and books (unless specifically noted otherwise), provided credit is given to the USGA and copyright protection is af­ forded. Neither articles nor other material may be copied or used for any advertising, promotion or commercial purpose. VOL. XV, No. 4 AUGUST, 1962 Through the Green................................................................................................. 1 From Out of the Past: 1902 Amateur Championship.......... Stanley Morrill 7 Dick Sikes Slows Pace to the Speed of Sound..................Frank Hannigan 10 Fire Annually Damages More than 2,000 Clubs.............. T. Seddon Duke 12 Golf in the Colleges Holds Many Benefits......................Eddie L. Ervin, Jr. 14 Paint Used to Mark Water Hazards................................................................... 18 Jim Wiechers Is Symbol of Juniors’ Driving Power .. P. J. Boatwright, Jr. 20 The Referee: Decisions Under the Rules of Golf ...................................... 23 Turf Management: The Superintendent Serves Golfers .............................. Dr. J. M. Adams 26 How Much Did You Put on? ................................ Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson 29 It’s Your Honor: Letters ..................................................................................... 83 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 EAST 38th St., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30(4. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence should be sent to the above address. Second-Classs Postage paid at Rutherford, N. J. Editor: Joseph C. Dey, Jr. Managing Editor: Eddie L. Ervin, Jr. All articles voluntarily contributed. use;a competitions for 1962 Entries Close Qualifying Rounds Dates of Event Location Championship or Team Match Girls’ Junior Women’s Amateur Amateur ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _ Aug. 20-24 Aug. 27-Sept. C. C. of Buffalo, Williamsville, N. Y. 1 C. C. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. **Scpt. 4 or 5 Sept. 17-22 Pinehurst Country Club. Pinehurst, N. C. Evanston Golf Club, Skokie, Hl. Senior Amateur Aug. 2 i Sept. 13 Oct. 16 (1) World Amateur Team Senior Women's Amateur Oct. 3 Oct. 10-13 Oct. 17-19 Fuji Golf Course, Kawana, Japan Manufacturers’ Golf & Country Club, Oreland, Pa. ** Exact date in each Section to be fixed by Sectional Chairman. (1) WORLD AMATEUR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP Men’s amateur teams. Off In Three The greens at Oakmont were not slow for the Open in June, and one day the hole at the fifth was cut in a particularly difficult places—at the left rear, with the tilt of the green running slightly away from the front. One gentleman who sat watching the play there for a long while developed a new idiom: “On in two—off in three.” Sam Snead before the tournament opined that “by Friday night, if your ball is lying at the back of the second green, you can wave at it with a dollar bill and it’ll roll all the way down and off the front of the green.” How They Began On page 93 of the book entitled “Fifty years of American Golf” by H. S. Martin, we fihd the following: The slang word “birdie” originated in 1899 on the Atlantic City Coutatry Club course, a popular week-end spot for Philadelphians. Ab Smith tells the story. “The second hole was a par 4, about 350 yards long. I was playing in a three-ball match with George A. Crump and my brother William P. Smith, both of whom have passed on. My drive of 185 yards was to the left giving me the diagonal of the green to play for . . . The green was guarded by a ditch and a cop bunker. I banged away with my second shot, and my ball—it was one of the new Haskels—came to rest with­ in six inches of the cup. I said to George Crump, ‘That was a bird of a shot and here I only get a paltry sum from each of you. Hereafter I suggest that when one of us plays a hole in one under par that he receive double compensation, and this goes for every­ one in the match including partners’. The other two both agreed and we be­ gan right away, just as soon as the next one came, to call it a ‘birdie.’ Naturally ‘eagle’ was the result when one scored two under par and then later came the ‘double eagle’. We paid off four times the stake on the ‘eagle’ and eight times on the ‘double eagle,’ but these did not come very often in those days.” Radix Cup Match Begins The Chicago District Golf Associa­ tion has joined with the Illinois Sec­ tion of the Professional Golfers’ Association in inaugurating play for the Harry E. Radix Cup. Mr. Radix is a Chicago sportsman who has an interest in all sports, particularly golf, and is a constant spectator. The initial program was held re­ cently at Chicago’s North Shore Country Club where 10 professionals played against 10 amateurs. Ten points were awarded in singles and five in foursomes. The professionals won 12 to 3. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 1 Answer Before The Question No, Daniel D. Sikes, Jr. and Richard H. Sikes are not related; they have not so much as met each other. Daniel D. Sikes, Jr., now a pro­ fessional, won the Amateur Public Links Championship in 1958 and was medalist the next year. Richard H. Sikes won the Championship in 1961, when he also was medalist, and again this year. Dan is from Jacksonville, Fla., and Richard from Wichita, Kans. Two Sets of Rules in One Event A graphic illustration of the need for the uniform observance of the Rules of Golf was given by a sheet of Rules for contestants in an annual pro-amateur tournament for benefit of a hospital at the Apawamis Club, Rye, N. Y. This is what was said: “Amateurs play 1962 U.S.G.A. Rules. “Professionals: 1962 U.S.G.A. Rules of Golf shall apply except for the following,” and there followed several hundred words describing the dif­ ferences. Award Honors Mrs. McWane The Country Club of Birmingham, Ala., is honoring Mrs. William Mc­ Wane by giving her name to a new silver bowl that goes to the winner of the club’s annual invitation golf tournament. MJrs. McWane is a mem­ ber of the USGA Women’s Committee and Mr. McWane is a former USGA Executive Committee member. Their daughter, Bee (Mrs. John Reid), has won the Alabama Women’s Amateur five times. Golf Telecasts Expand So rapidly has golf’s popularity grown with spectators and television sponsors that some other spectator sports are being bounced off the net­ works. National Broadcasting Company (NBC) this fall and winter will present 115 hours of golf programs, up from 11 hours two years ago. An executive of another network estimates that total network coverage of golf has increased 50 percent in the last two years. Members of the Seattle Golf Club and Royal Victoria Golf Club pose for picture at conclusion of their home-and-home team match recently in Seattle. This was the 60th anniversary of a rivalry that began in 1902 but was interrupted by two world wars. Seattle has won 34 times, Victoria 16 and one match ended in a tie. Victoria often wins on its home course, a tight 5,824 yards with much water and par of 33-36-69: and Seattle frequently wins at home on its tree-lined 6,620 yard course with par 36-37-73. Scores this year at Victoria were Victoria 62, Seattle 42, and in Seattle the host team had 68V2 to Victoria's 35Vz. Total: Seattle 110, Victoria 97Vz. Photo by Forde Photographers 2 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 How's Your Grammar? Recently the mails brought an in­ quiry as to which is preferable — ‘‘Invitation Tournament” or “Invita­ tional Tournament”. The English Department of New York University says “invitation tournament” is all right. However, the Department rings in a new form, “invitatory”. Dr. James Macris, a lin­ guist in the Columbia University En­ glish Department, says in usage a noun may modify a noun. He also suggests one may choose “invitation­ al” as an adjective modifying the noun. He says both are used in per­ fectly acceptable situations; usage determines both to be correct and us­ age may eventually make one more approved than the other. For the moment, then, it seems no matter which we use we still pass the course. Right All The Way The man on the telephone did not give his name nor his club but it was a New York call. His problem was this: “I was playing in the qualifying round of a club stroke play tourna­ ment. My shot to the green almost went in the hole. A fellow competitor walked over and knocked my ball away from the hole. A few holes later it occurred to me that I had probably violated a Rule so I disqualified my­ self. The Committee advised me to forget it and to continue play; that others had done the same thing. Did I do right?” Advised that he had violated Rule 23-3, the player seemed greatly re­ lieved. 1964 Women's Amateur Plans Changed The 1964 Women’s Amateur Cham­ pionship of the United States Golf Association will not be played at the Moraine Country Club, Dayton, Ohio, as previously announced. Extra Set Of Rules When some 80 politicians and news­ men competed in the first annual Nassau Chapter Boys’ Town of Italy Golf Cup at Cedar Brook Golf Club, Old Brookville, L. I., N. Y., the play called for some tongue-in-cheek rules. Following is a sampling lifted from publicist Jerry Breen: 1. No swimming in the water holes. 2. Anyone seen throwing a ball for­ feits lunch. 3. Maximum handicap is 173. 4. If a Republican’s ball hits a Democrat, the arbitration will be resolved by the Board of Supervisors. 5. If a Democrat’s ball hits a Re­ publican, the arbitration will be taken to the County Executive. 6. No player may accept a prize that is sorely needed by the Tourna­ ment Committee. 7. Erasures on score cards will be suspiciously accepted. 8. All decisions of the Handicap Committee will be final (and subject to revision). All-Around Athletes Five golfers who have scored holes- in-one at the Virginia Municipal Golf Course, Virginia, Minnesota, landed on the same bowling team in that city. They also turned out to be experts at rolling a bowling ball into the pock­ et, winning the Fraternal League Championship. The five are Dick Pycha, Tony Shega, Bert Slade, Dr. L. M. Sipola and Dick Chase. Necrology It is with deep regret that we re­ cord the death of: WILLIAM KNOX (BILL) AMO, Little Rock, Ark., and a member of USGA’s Public Links Committee since 1954. As Superintendent of Little Rock Parks and Recreation, he had served long as committeeman for Arkansas sports events. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 3 To Florida In '63 The 1963 Senior Women’s Amateur Championship of the United States Golf Association will be played at the Country Club of Florida, Village of Golf, Delray Beach, Fla., from Wed­ nesday, October 30 through Friday, November 1. This will be the second Senior Women’s event to be sponsored by the USGA. The inaugural Championship is scheduled this year at the Manufac­ turers’ Golf and Country Club, Ore- land, Pa., from October 17 through 19. Entries close October 3. The Chairman of the USGA Senior Women’s Championship Committee is Mrs. Theodore W. Hawes of Summit, New Jersey. Subscriptions Available Golf clubs having curling activities, or those planning them, are being of­ fered free subscriptions to “Rink and Arena” magazine. Subscriptions are offered to the president, the planning committee or ice rink committee. Those interested should write Fenton Kelsey, Jr., Publisher, Trade and Sports Publications, Inc., Madison 1, Wis. USGA PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST (Publications are available from the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16. Please send payment with your order.) RULES GREEN SECTION THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scot­ land. Booklet 25 cents (special rates for quan­ tity orders, more than 500). Clubhouse edition, suitable for hanging, 614" x 9 %"; supply limited. $1.50. GOLF RULES IN PICTURES, published by Grosset and Dunlap, compiled by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., USGA Executive Director. 96 pages, 81/2 x 10% inches, $1.95. DUTIES OF OFFICIALS UNDER THE RULES OF GOLF, a reprint of a USGA Journal article that contains a check list of the duties of the referee and other committee members on the course. No charge. HANDICAPPING USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, containing recommendations for com­ puting USGA Handicap and for rating courses. Booklet 25 cents. USGA Slide Rule Handicap­ per 25 cents. Poster 15 cents. THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN’S GOLF, contain­ ing suggestions for guidance in the conduct of women’s golf in clubs and associations, includ­ ing tournament procedure, handicapping and course rating. 35 cents. COURSE RATING POSTER for certifying hole by hole ratings to a club; for association use, size 8 Vi x 11 inches, 5 cents, $3.50 per 100. COURSE RATING REPORT, a form for rating a course hole by hole; for association use, size 4% x 7 inches. 10 cents, $7.50 per 100. USGA HANDICAP RECORD FORM, revised in 1961, provides for the listing of 75 scores. It is designed for ease in determining the last 25 differentials from which to select the lowest 10 when more than 25 scores are posted. $3 for 100. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a reprint of a USGA Journal article explaining the Callaway System of automatic handicap­ ping for occasional players in a single tourna­ ment. No charge. A GUIDE FOR GREEN COMMITTEE MEM­ BERS OF GOLF CLUBS, 16-page booklet. 25 cents. GOLF COURSE REBUILDING AND RE­ MODELING — FACTORS TO CONSIDER, article in USGA Journal by A. M. Radko. No charge. THE GOLF COURSE WORKER—TRAINING AND DIRECTION. No charge. HOW TO MEET RISING COSTS OF GOLF COURSE MAINTENANCE, PARTS I & II, panel discussions. No charge. MISTER CHAIRMAN, reprint of USGA Journal article. No charge. WATER USE ON THE GOLF COURSE, panel discussions. No charge. COMPETITIONS PREPARING THE COURSE FOR A COM­ PETITION, reprint of USGA article by John P. English. No charge. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA article detailing various types of competitions. No charge. GENERAL ARE YOU A SLOW PLAYER? ARE YOU SURE? A reprint of a USGA Journal article by John D. Ames. No charge. A JUNIOR GOLF PROGRAM FOR YOUR CLUB AND DISTRICT, a 16-page booklet on organizing and developing junior golf programs at different levels by the USGA Junior Cham­ pionship Committee. No charge. COSTLY FIRES IN GOLF CLUB PROPER­ TIES, lists potential fire hazards and damage to golf club properties. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHTNING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT, a 33-page magazine published seven times a year. $2 a year. 4 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 LPCA Showing Cains A completed tournament schedule for 1962 for the Ladies’ Professional Golf Association shows record gains in total tournaments and prize money, indicating popularity is increasing. Leonard F. Wirtz, tournament di­ rector, says 30 official and four unoffi­ cial tournaments will have been held this year with purses totalling $273,750. This surpasses 1961 figures of 24 tournaments and $186,000 in prizes. The prize money record was $215,800 set in 1959. For Sportsmen Only The USGA is now receiving sugges­ tions of persons to be considered for the Bob Jones Award for 1963. Those invited to submit suggestions are USGA Committee Members, golf as­ sociations in the United States, Sec­ tions of the PGA of America and holders of USGA permanent press badges. The USGA presents the Bob Jones Award annually. It is inscribed in part, “In recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. To commem­ orate the vast contributions to the cause of fair play made by Robert Tyre Jones, Jr.” Those making suggestions are asked to send a 150-to-200 word statement on each person nominated and have them at the USGA office in New York by August 27. Previous winners were Francis D. Ouimet, William C. Campbell, the late Mrs. Mildred D. Zaharias, Miss Margaret Curtis, the late Findlay S. Douglas, Charles Evans, Jr., Joseph B. Carr and Horton Smith. Henry H. Russell, of Miami, Fla., is Chairman of the Bob Jones Award Committee. Low Score Doesn't Count Thirteen-year-old Edwin Cheek, a lefthander and the youngest qualifier in the Junior Amateur Championship earlier this month, had the experi­ ence of submitting to questions by the press after he won his first-round match. “Ever play in a tournament before, Eddie?”, the reporter asked. “Sure”, said Eddie. “Ever win anything?” “Yes, but not really.” “What do you mean?” “I shot 72 and was a medalist in the Maryland Junior Championship this year, but then I was disqualified because you have to be 14 to enter.” Prayer for USGA Public Links Championship (EDITOR’S NOTE-. The Rev. Paul E. Henderson of St. Bartholomew’s Episcopal Church, Tonawanda, N.Y., delivered the following prayer at a dinner for Public Links Championship players at Tonawanda on July 7.) Almighty God, who has designed the course for the game of life, we humbly beseech Thee to grant that these golfers, who are about to begin this great tour­ nament, may have the firmness of will and the moral courage both to play the game with honor and to live with honor. Grant them, in this difficult game of life, that same grim determination to succeed; yet temper that determination with the same sense of courtesy, respect and fair play which they demonstrate on the golf course. Let those who are victorious feel a justifiable satisfaction in their achieve­ ment without becoming self-satisfied. Let those who are defeated accept their de­ feat without rancor or continuing bitterness. And let them all fully enjoy the high esteem of their friends and neighbors, whom they represent in this national tour­ nament, without losing their humility. Finally, grant that by their play and by their daily lives, both now and always, they may continue to bring honor and glory to their several communities and to Thee. All of which we ask through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 5 Arnold D. Palmer, left, in June won his second straight British Open Championship. He had already won the USGA Open and Masters Championships and was pointing to the title in the Professional Golfers' Association of America tournament, which he has never won. Gary Player, right, of Johannesburgh, S. A., won the PGA Championship and now needs a USGA Open victory to complete the professional cycle. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1963 For 1962 Schedule, see Inside Front Cover Championship or Team Match (1) Walker Cup Open Qualifying Entries Rounds Close — — May 8 Local: May 27 **Sectional: June 11 Dates of Event Location Turnberry, Scotland May 24-25 June 20-21-22 The Country Club, Brookline, Mass. Amateur Public Links *May 29 fljune 16-23 July 8-13 Haggin Oaks Municipal Golf Course, Sacramento, Calif. Women’s ©pen July 3 — Junior Amateur June 26 July 16 Girls’ Junior Women’s Amateur July 26 — July 31 — July 18-19-20 Kenwood Country Club, Cincinnati, Ohio July 31-Aug. 3 Florence Country Club, Florence, S. C. (to be determined) August 12-16 August 19-24 Ta conic Golf Club Williamstown, Mass. (2) Americas Cup ------- •------- Sept. 6-7 Wakonda Club, Des Moines, Iowa Amateur August 7 August 27 Sept. 9-14 Senior Amateur Sept. 4 Sept. 24 Oct. 7-12 Senior Women’s Amateur Oct. 16 — Oct. 30-Nov. 1 Wakonda Club Des Moines Iowa Sea Island Golf Club, Sea Island, Ga. The Country Club of Florida Village of Golf Delray Beach, Fla. ** OPEN CHAMPIONSHIP: Date of Sectional Qualifying Championships may he changed to Monday, June 10 if local authority in charge deems advisable. * AMATEUR PUBLIC LINKS CHAMPIONSHIP: Entries close with each Sectional Qualifying Chairman. K Exact date in each Section to be fixed by Sectional Chairman. (1) WALKER CUP MATCH: Men’s Amateur teams—Great Britain vs. United States. (2) AMERICAS CUP MATCH: Men’s Amateur teams—Canada vs. Mexico vs. United States. 6 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 FROM OUT OF THE PAST: 1902 AMATEUR CHAMPIONSHIP By STANLEY MORRILL This is the true story of an episode in the life of a typical American boy. A young man who, with the necessary to cross the Skokie Creek, which was a tributary of the Chicago River, eight times. help of forceful parents, with his natural gift of determination and his firm resolution, was able to win a coveted prize; to overcome by force of will every unusual and unexpected obstacle that stood between him and success. The name of this fighting American youth was Louis N. James of Chicago and Golf, Ill. It is a short story of the most unusual USGA National Amateur Championship ever to be held and how James qualified in last place in that tournament then fought his way to final victory and the Championship. Louis N. James came from strong stock. His father was Fred S. James, well known from coast to coast as head of his own insurance business, and his mother was a woman of great ability and highly respected. James was 19-years-old and was to enter Princeton that September. The James family lived in the sum­ mer in a small house on the grounds of the Glen View Golf and Polo Club, as it was then called, at Golf, Ill., a suburb of Chicago and about six miles west of Evanston, Ill. Contrasting Nines The Glen View Club had been built just before the turn of the century. The course of 18 holes had great natural beauty and was laid out in beautiful wooded, hilly country. The first nine holes, on high ground, was literally carved and dynamited out of a dense forest of trees, large boulders, shrubbery and undergrowth. The second nine was built on low ground. In playing this nine it was LOUIS N. JAMES I learned to play golf in 1899 when I was eleven years old, at the old Kenilworth Golf Club, Kenilworth, Ill. During the summer of 1902 I was living in a cottage by the sixth green at the Glen View Club. In those days each hole was named and the sixth, a 500 yard hole was called “ Old Hickory ”. At his request I caddied for Clive T. Jaffray, President of First Na­ tional Bank of Minneapolis, and later President of “SooLine Railroad”. Mr. Jaffray did not qualify. I followed James the rest of the tournament and he became my hero. May I remind you that in 1902 a drive of 175 to 200 yards was con­ sidered excellent as sand tees and USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 7 hard gutta percha balls were used. Steel shafts and matched clubs were just beginning to be thought of, but not in general use even by experts. WALTER J. TRAVIS Sixty-four men were to qualify on Tuesday, July 15, 1902, for a chance at the National Championship. Bogey was the standard, par was not known in those days. Bogey for Glen View was 83. There were 132 starters which was a record. Louis N. James tied with five men for 64th place in the qualifying round. They held a “sudden death” playoff early the next morning and James won the 64th or last qualifying posi­ tion with two on the short second hole. Walter J. Travis deserves special mention. I understand he took up golf when he was forty-one, made a thorough study of the game and went on to win all major championships, in­ cluding the Amateur, a number of times. He was very sure, hardly ever in trouble. His drives of 150-160 yards went straight down the fairway. His short game was deadly. A fine gentle­ man and sportsman, it was a joy to play a round with him. He was the author of many books on golf. The tournament began under cloudy skies. Among the galleries were some famous professional golfers such as Willie Smith, Alex Smith, George Leslie, Lawrence Auchterlouie, all from the hills and dunes of Scotland. On Wednesday the 16th. the wea­ ther was so bad and the course so wet it was decided by the officials to play the third round and later matches over the first nine holes only. The Skokie creek was running four to five times usual volume, bridges were washed away and much of the course was a quagmire. Byers beat Travis one up in the 3rd round. Byers beat Chandler Egan in the 4th round 3 and 2; medal score 80. L. N. James beat Ralph McKit- terick in the third round 6 and 5; F. O. Rinehart beat Walter Egan 1 up in the 4th round; in the semi-final James beat P. B. Hoyt 2 up, medal score 80-84, and Byers beat Dr. Fred­ ericks 4 and 3. H. CHANDLER EGAN We now come to the final round of 36 holes, which was to be played four times around the first nine holes. It was to be Byers of Yale vs. James who would be a Princeton freshman; Byers from Pittsburgh and James playing on his home course. 8 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 The first green, 427 yards away, was hardly visible in the rain and mist. Part of the match was played during a deluge, pools formed over the course and on the greens. By this time several holes on the last nine were completely under water. Even though the weather was very bad, the largest gallery on record up to that time followed the match. Over 1,600 were there including more than five hundred women and at times in the driving rain: a great tribute to Byers and James. Never before (or since) had a major tournament been played under such terrible conditions. James and Byers were all even after the morning rounds. In the afternoon James forged ahead and sank a thirty foot putt on the short 34th hole for 2; this putt gave him the match and the championship 4 and 2. Morning Afternoon SCORES James out 45 Byers out 43 James out 43 Byers out 44 In 39 Total 84 In 42 Total 85 All even In (7 holes) 31 In (7 holes) 32 The match was won on the greens. James had perfect command of his cleek, mid iron and putter. Woods were seldom used. The winner, tall, slender, used what weight he had and seldom failed to drive 200 yards with his irons. Byers, the Yale representa­ tive, was erratic, although in the past he had been unbeatable. This was an off day for him — many of his putts rimmed the cup. Glen View’s Sweep The Glen View Club that year established an unbreakable record of success on fairways and greens. Truly a wonderful achievement that to my mature knowledge of golf has never been equaled. Not only did Louis James capture the Men’s Amateur Championship but Miss Bessie An­ thony of Evanston, a member of the Club, won the Women’s Amateur Championship. Then later in the sea­ son Lawrence Auchterlouie, the Glen View professional won the Open Cham­ pionship. So it was a clean sweep for Glen View. My, but I was proud of her as I was a Junior member of the Club and one of her regular caddies. Although 60 years have passed, I can close my eyes and hear Dave Noyes leading the singing in the cafe or locker room to the tune of “Mid­ night Sow” as follows: “The Glen View Club, the Glen View Club, You hear it on every hand — Sir — You hear it in every land — Sir — If you should care to ride — or give the green a rub None so rare, none so fair, as the Glen View Club.” Of course the club went wild over their success and the “Harvest” din­ ner was a spectacular event. Other songs were sung such as: “It’s Auchterlouie — it’s Auchterlouie. The greatest man the country ever knew! It’s Auchterlouie, it’s Auchterlouie — It’s Auchterlouie-ouie-ouie-ou.” A tear forms in my eye as I sit and muse about the old days at Glen View and the fine men I caddied for and knew. Some I played with when they could not secure a partner for a foursome although I was only four­ teen years old. The list included: Joseph T. Talbert, Angus Hibbard, Charles W. Folds, Snake Ames, who made football history at Princeton, Charles A. Munroe, Dexter Donaldson, Oliver Olmstead, David A. Noyes, Martin Littlejohn, John Towne, Nor­ ris and Dick Bokum, Louis and Bob James, Walter Remy Dray, Gail Dray, W. Irving Osborn, Dr. Charles Rich­ ards, Jack Sellers, Seymour Coman, J. C. Brocklebank, Phelps Hoyt, Noel Munn, Charles Yerkes and among the frequent guests, David R. Forgan. If golf is played as it is meant, observing all the Rules, pleasure is constant through a lifetime. When I was introduced to the game of golf in 1899, I discovered Paradise. The fighting spirit of L. N. James has always been an inspiration to me, I hope it will have the same effect on those who read these lines. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 9 DICK SIKES SLOWS PACE TO THE SPEED OF SOUND By FRANK HANNIGAN USGA Tournament Relations Manager T mm”, murmured an observer 11 during the final match of last month’s Amateur Public Links Championship, “I believe Dick Sikes has slowed down his pace of play.” “Yes”, responded a companion, “but only to the speed of sound.” Sikes may or may not have played a trifle slower than he did in winning the 1961 Public Links title but, in any event, he again proved that waste is not a necessary by-product of haste by defeating Honolulu’s Hung Soo Ahn by 2 and 1 to win the 1962 Cham­ pionship at the Sheridan Park Golf Course, Tonawanda, N. Y. The 22-year-old Sikes, a resident of Wichita who attends the University of Arkansas, is the champion of everyone aggrieved by the paralysis that seems to infect tournaments now­ adays. Some will tell you that Sikes can play an iron shot, retrieve and replace his divot, and stride toward the green before the ball lands. In any event, it is now time to reckon Sikes among the finest of amateur golfers. To measure the ex­ tent of his accomplishments, it should be considered that the Public Links Championship has attracted a total of 4,658 entrants during 1961 and 1962 and that only one winner has emerged. Only one other player, Carl F. Kauffmann, was able to successfully defend the Public Links Champion­ ship. He won consecutively in 1927, 1928 and 1929. Charles Ferrera, victor in 1931 and 1933, is the only other two-time winner. Sikes, whose advance to the fifth round of the Amateur Championship in 1961 was marked by a victory over the redoubtable Billy Joe Patton, once again earned the automatic qualification into the Amateur that is reserved for the Public Links Champion. The diminutive Ahn, 32-year-old draftsman, was not awed by Sikes’ reputation. Indeed, Sikes had to rally from a deficit of three holes during the morning round. He eventually won at the 35th hole because he was four under par at that point. Sikes was equally skillful in the semi-final round. He was two under par for 33 holes while beating Warren E. Strout, Speedway, Ind., by 4 and 3. Ahn, meanwhile, was engaged in a seesaw semi-final match against Wayne Breck, of Scottsdale, Arix. Breck, 5 down with 14 holes to play, won five of the next seven holes, only to bow to Ahn’s steadier play on the closing holes. Ahn’s win was by 1 up. Others who advanced to the quarter­ final round were Alan Heedt, Peoria, Ill.; John Schlee, Memphis, Tenn., a semi-finalist in 1961; Hubert Farmer, Toledo; and Herb Howe, Minneapolis. Seattle Wins Harding Trophy A handkerchief would have blanket­ ed the first three finishers in the Team Championship for the Harding Trophy. Seattle’s representatives, nine strokes behind after the first round, came back to unseat the defend­ ing champion Honolulu team, 451 to 452. San Francisco scored 453. The competition is determined by adding the aggregate scores of the three members of each team during the two stroke play rounds which also pare the starting field of 150 to 64 for the start of match play. 10 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 Richard H. Sikes, right front, successfully defended his Amateur Public Links Championship last month in Tonawanda, N. Y. He and runner-up Hung Soo Ahn admire the trophy. Standing are semi-finalists Warren Photo by Don Hipwell E. Strout, left, and Wayne Breck. Kenneth Storey’s 147, Earvin Scott’s 153 and Bill Tindall’s 151 made up the Seattle total. The difference between Seattle’s 451 and San Francisco’s 453 was a two-stroke penalty incurred by the latter’s George Archer who inadvert­ ently played a ball not his own on the ninth during the second round. Undaunted, Archer proceeded to score 72 which, added to his initial score of 73, made him the medalist at 145. Archer later epitomized the good spirit of the players in this tournament when condolences were offered him for the unfortunate pen­ alty. “Bad luck?” said Archer. “Not at all. On the next hole I played poorly enough to score 8 but was lucky enough to make 5.” The Public Links Championship always brings together a cross section of Americans for whom the trip to the site and the educational experience of mingling with so many from di­ versified environments is as interest­ ing as the competition itself. A listing of some of the vocations represented by the 64 who qualified for match play confirms this cross section. There were a number of students, five salesmen, four engi­ neers, a carpenter, a banker, a person­ nel manager, a fireman, a naval officer, two machinists, a baseball scout, a funeral director, an auditor, a bus operator, a bartender, and a litho­ grapher among the qualifiers. The host committee, headed by Arthur R. Cole, made outstanding preparations for the Championship and then did everything possible to make the stay of the competitors as pleasant as possible. The USGA is indebted to Mr. Cole and his commit­ teemen and to the Town of Tonawanda. Interest in the community, which is a few miles from Buffalo, ran exceed­ ingly high. Veterans of the USGA Public Links Committee, some of whom have attended the tournament annually for more than 20 years, thought that the 1962 galleries were the biggest ever. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 11 FIRE ANNUALLY DAMAGES MORE THAN 2,000 CLUBS By T. SEDDON DUKE Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Fire Protection Association The National Fire Protection Asso­ ciation has just completed a study of country club fires reported to the NFPA over a five-year period. The study shows that more than 2,000 clubhouses annually suffer fire damage. The club buildings burned range in value from a few thousand to several hundred thousand dollars. The fire losses range from less than a hundred dollars to several hundred thousand dollars. One third of the known causes of country club fires involved carelessly discarded smoking materials. Burning cigarettes were accidentally dropped on upholstered furniture, or ash trays were emptied into open rubbish con­ tainers and left inside the building. The cigarettes smoldered for a time and ignited the furniture or other combustibles next to them. Usually the fires gained considerable headway before discovery. Fires from careless cooking opera­ tions or defective cooking equipment, and fires caused by electrical faults tied for second in frequency, each contributing 16.9 per cent of the known causes. Although 25.3 per cent of the country club fires started in the kitchens, all kitchen fires were not related to' cooking operations. Some were caused by such things as careless smoking and defective elec­ trical wiring. Defective heating equipment was the fourth largest cause of fires, ac­ counting for 10.2 per cent. Other fre­ quent causes included arson, com­ bustibles left too near heating equip­ ment and mishandling flammable liquids. Besides the time allowed for spread of fire when detection and alarm are delayed, the construction features of the building and the interior finish and furnishings can be a major factor in fire spread. Attractive wood panel­ ing and combustible fiberboard acous­ tical tile aid in the fast spread of fire as do highly combustible draperies and other furnishings. Construction Is Factor Wooden buildings were involved in 66.3 per cent of the country club fires in the five-year period covered by the study. Masonry, wood-joisted build­ ings burned in 22.5 per cent of the fires. The remaining 11.2 per cent were of mixed construction, fire re­ sistive, or noncombustible. Fire reports which listed interior finish or contents as a factor influenc­ ing the spread of fire reported com­ bustible interior finish as an impor­ tant factor in 80 per cent of the fires. If a country club is what the name implies, it will be in the country, re­ mote from fire stations and public hydrant systems. In 27 per cent of the cases reported the long running distance from fire station to fire site was a factor in delaying the beginning of fire fighting operations. Public water supplies were avail­ able in only 62.5 per cent of the cases, and this supply was inadequate at the location in 28.6 per cent of the fires in which public supplies were available. Inadequacies in public water supplies usually occurred be­ cause the clubs were located at or near the end of dead end mains or because the mains were too small. Private water systems were used at 12.5 per cent of the fires. In about half of these cases, the nearest water supplies were inadequate. 12 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 Flammab’e liquids mishandled Miscellaneous PLACE OF ORIGIN OF FIRE Kitchen Heating equipment room Activity rooms Storage rooms Locker rooms Attic, ■walls, roof, etc. Lounges Outbuildings Living quarters Miscellaneous INTERIOR FINISH and FURNISHINGS INFLUENCING FIRE SPREAD Wood, wood paneling Combustible Furnishings, draperies, etc. Combustible interior finish not fiberboard otherwise reported FIRE PROTECTION Fire Department Response Running distance long Road conditions bad Department inadequate No fire department WATER SUPPLIES Inadequate No water supply other than fire apparatus 3.4 5.1 25.3 13.3 12.1 10.9 8.4 7.2 7.2 6.0 4.8 4.8 30.9 27.3 20 0 21.8 27.0 3.0 4.0 l.o 31.5 14.8 Ponds, creeks, swimming pools, and other bodies of water provided sup­ plies for fire fighting streams at 10.2 per cent of the fires. There was no water supply available other than tanks on fire apparatus in 14.8 per cent of the cases. Automatic fire detection and auto­ matic sprinkler systems are especially important in country clubs, since a great number of the clubs are without public fire protection and water sup­ ply systems. The isolated locations of some clubhouses also cause de­ layed discovery of fire if there is no watchman or central station super­ vised detection and alarm service. Many fires are promptly extinguish­ ed by portable extinguishers and never become “statistics.” Sometimes a small fire becomes a big fire be­ cause there is no extinguisher avail­ able. Sometimes a small fire becomes a big fire because occupants use port­ able extinguishers before calling the fire department on fires that are too far advanced before discovery. The following table should prove enlightening: COUNTRY CLUB FIRES Per Cent CAUSE OF FIRE Smoking 32.2 Cooking, cooking equipment 16.9 Electrical faults 16.9 Heating equipment faults 10.2 8.5 Arson Combustibles too near heating equipment 6.8 Top right, an electrical fault caused this fire to claim a clubhouse in Haverhill, Mass., in 1960 at a loss of $250,000. At the bottom, fire devoured clubhouse near Charleston, III., in 1959 for a loss of $75,000. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 13 GOLF IN THE COLLEGES &>ie L ERv.n jr USGA Public Information HOLDS MANY BENEFITS Have institutions of higher learning affected the development of golf? Is there any definite plan on the part of colleges and universities to incorporate golf into their physical education program? The answer in each case is an unconditional YES. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., has an exceptional golf program in that the game is part of compulsory physical education. Cornell has a two- year (four-semester) requirement in physical education for all students. Each student has 12 periods of in­ struction in golf, the same in several other sports. Emphasis is on develop­ ing interests and skills in carry-over sports. As a sophomore, a student may select the activity of his choice. Golf may be elected as either indoor or outdoor and with 15 activities from which to choose, approximately 25 percent of the sophomores choose in­ door golf. Outdoor golf attracts about 125 of some 1,500 sophomores. George Hall, head professional at the Cornell Golf Course and Treasurer of the Professional Golfers’ Associa­ tion of America, supervises the ac­ tivity with the aid of two assistants. All three are on the University staff. During the freshman year classes meet three times a week; during the sophomore year they meet twice week­ ly. Equipment is furnished at the freshman level. In regard to facilities, a survey by the National Collegiate Athletic Asso­ ciation two years ago indicated that 146 institutions had access to 176 courses. In addition, 104 institutions indicated they had access to 163 indoor driving ranges. It is not known how many own or operate their own courses. About 75 percent of the professional players on tour have been exposed to collegiate golf. About 40 percent of them are college graduates. This contrasts with the situation some years back when almost all players were graduates of the caddie ranks. The automotive golf car has diminish­ ed the demand for caddies in some areas; moreover, more boys attend college today than ever before. What part, if any, do college scholar­ ships play in this picture? This ques­ tion should first be considered against the background of the USGA Rules of Amateur Status as they relate to scholarships. Rule 1-12 provides that the following is a breach of the Amateur Definition: “Because of golf skill or golf re­ putation, accepting any consideration as an inducement to be a student in an educational institution except a scholarship or grant-in-aid awarded and administered by the institution concerned and not in excess of com­ monly accepted educational expenses as defined by the National Collegiate Athletic Association.” The NCAA does a scrupulous job, and the USGA is able to benefit from its experience in this specialized field. Some boys’ desire to attend college is fanned by institutions interested in having a good golf team. For ex­ ample, the University of Houston, a veritable powerhouse of golf, can aid from 10 to 15 boys with partial scholarships; the University of Ari­ zona is limited to four full scholar- 14 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 As an undergraduate at Ohio State University, Jack W. Nicklaus won the 1959 USGA Amateur. ships (meaning tuition, books and fees); Ohio State University, Jack Nicklaus’ alma mater, has one full scholarship; the University of Florida provides two full scholarships and 14 partial ones; Louisiana State gives four full scholarships and several partial ones. A study of financial assistance to intercollegiate golfers last year in­ dicated that 21 institutions provided maximum assistance to 54 student­ athletes. Sixty-nine institutions reported pro­ viding partial assistance to 260 golf­ ers. Maximum assistance does not mean, in all cases, normal educational expenses but the maximum financial assistance permitted by the particular institution. What an interesting note is pro­ vided by Wake Forest College! Only one full golf scholarship has ever been provided by the school. It went to a young fellow named Arnold Pal­ mer. The school does offer limited help to others. Amateur Billy Joe Patton is a Wake Forest man. Other than the obvious education, what can a boy or girl obtain from collegiate golf? Here are some an­ swers : Skip Alexander, graduate of Duke University, now head pro at Lake­ wood Country Club, St. Petersburg, Fla. says: “Competition is about the only added advantage, which includes the experience of playing various type courses. Actually, if it were possible financially, a good amateur could bet­ ter strengthen his game on the sum­ mer professional tour.” Knowledge of Rules G. A. Vroom, Associate Professor and Assistant Golf Coach at San Jose State College, San Jose, Calif.: “We firmly believe there are many advantages to the intercollegiate golf program. For the amateur, the dual matches and tournaments serve to provide experience for later tourna­ ment play and also provide him with a working knowledge of the Rules and the proper kind of conduct and sportsmanship that we all like to see in young players. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 15 “For the college player who intends to enter the professional field, the intercollegiate program offers the ulti­ mate in training. For those who are interested in such training, we like to suggest a major in business admin­ istration so they can gain a good general knowledge of the business world, as well as specifics in merchan­ dising, accounting, public speaking, law, advertising, etc. ... In encour­ aging this type program, we feel that a young player who wants to play pro­ fessional golf for a try and then finds he is not able to compete with so many fine players, can feel somewhat secure in the knowledge that he has had the right kind of education and training for a club position — an advantage a non-college player may not enjoy.” Kooman Boycheff, Golf Coach, Uni­ versity of California: “Collegiate golf is one of the most beneficial competi­ tive sports on a university athletic program. More than most sports, it teaches concentration and mental dis­ cipline and, of course, its post-graduate benefits carry over far more than al­ most any other sports. It’s the great­ est social leveler there is.” C. P. (Chuck) Erickson, Director of Athletics, Duke University: “We feel that we have made a very definite contribution to golf here at the Uni­ versity. We have never offered golf scholarships but feel the areas of our contribution have been in the fine facilities of the Finley Golf Course (owned by Duke) for students and the encouragement to all of them to play golf. We have hundreds of average golfers playing in the intra­ mural tournaments and playing for the fun and recreation. Our golf emphasis has always been on the play for large numbers, rather than a few individuals.” Dave Williams, highly successful coach of the University of Houston team — winners of a record five straight NCAA championships from 1956-1960 — recently wrote a book on “How to Coach and Play Champion­ ship Golf.” In the book he explains his theories on teaching and of setting up golf programs. He also says, “One of my fondest dreams will be realized when interscholastic and intercolle­ giate team golf takes its rightful place alongside the so-called major sports in the eyes of participant, coach and spectator.” Indications are that Coach Williams’ dream is not far from reality. NEW MEMBERS OF THE USGA REGULAR Ariz. Desert Forest Golf Club Indian Bend Golf Association Calif. Santa Anita Golf Club Fla. Palm Aire Country Club Pine Tree Golf Club Lakeside Country Club Coal Creek Country Club Lakeview Country Club Linksmen Golf Club Ga. III. Iowa Geneva Golf & Country Club Kans. Fort Riley Officers Open Mess Victory Hills Golf & Country Club Mt. Pleasant Golf Club Md. Mass. Cohasse Country Club Mich. Minn. Mo. N. J. Lakelands Golf & Country Club Lake City Country Club Carthage Municipal Golf Course Fairmount Country Club Mendham Golf & Tennis Club N. Y. Brighton Park Golf Club Catskill Golf Club Chestnut Meadows Golf Club Winding Brook Country Club N. C. Wildwood Golf & Country Club Ohio Glengarny Country Club Sportsmen's Golf Club Willard Golf Club S. C. Donaldson AFB Golf Association Texas Dyess AFB Golf Course Hogan Park Golf Association Sandy Lakes Country Club Singing Hills Country Club Oakridge Country Club Riverside Country Club Chantilly National Golf & Country Club Utah Va. Wash. Lake Ballinger Golf & Beach Club Wyo. Legion Town and Country Club ASSOCIATE Alaska Moose Run Golf Course Fla. City of Ft. Walton Beach Golf Course La. Mass. Nas Nola Golf Club Country Club of Natick Crystal Springs Golf Course Edgewater Gulf Golf Course Clinton-Sherman AFB Golf Course Shadow Brook Country Club Lake Harrison Golf Course M iss. Okla. Pa. Tenn. 16 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 Basic Rules Illustrated In Book That old cliche “one picture is worth a thousand words” came along long before “Golf Rules in Pic­ tures”, the new USGA publication, but there is not a more apt description of the book. The popularity of “Golf Rules in Pictures” is widespread. Typical are the words of Manuel Dindo Gonzalez, President of the Philippine Amateur Golf Association, who was a recent visitor to “Golf House”. “We in the Philippines think “Golf Rules in Pic­ tures” is the finest Rules book ever published. Our Golf Association has sold many of the books and re-ordered several times,” said Gonzalez, who is from Quezon City. Wm. Ward Foshay, Chairman of the USGA Rules of Golf Committee, in the introduction to the book, points out that there are some 6,623 golf courses in the United States, no two of which are alike. A standard 18-hole course covers at least 125 acres. It then is easy to visualize the limitless possibilities for golf balls to become involved in embarrassing situations. In the beginning there were only 13 simple Rules. Now there are 41 Rules with sections and sub-sections. “Golf Rules in Pictures” contains 155 drawings which illustrate basic Rules. Captions plus the drawings make the Rules come to life and, as a result, easier to understand. “Golf Rules in Pictures” may be purchased for $1.95 from many pro­ fessional shops, book stores or direct­ ly from the USGA. The "stipulated round" consists of playing eighteen holes of the course in their correct sequence, unless otherwise authorized by the Committee. Definition 29. The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball from the teeing ground into the hole by successive strokes in accordance with the Rules. PENALTY: Match play — Loss of hole; Stroke play — Disqualifica­ tion. Rule 1. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 17 PAINT MARKS WATER HAZARD Lines of yellow and red paint have been introduced by the USGA this year as a means of defining mar­ gins of water hazards and lateral water hazards. For many years the USGA has used painted stakes — yellow for regular water hazards and red for lateral water hazards. But in­ stalling hundreds of stakes is quite a job, especially on courses like Cherry Hills in Denver, scene of the 1960 Open and Oakmont and The Dunes Golf & Beach Club, where the 1962 men's and women’s Open Cham­ pionships were played. Clarence W. Benedict, USGA Vice- President and Chairman of the Cham­ pionship Committee, and the Execu­ tive Director, Joseph C. Dey, Jr., dis­ cussed last winter the prospects of defining water hazards with water­ proof lines on the ground. Mr. Bene­ dict decided to experiment. He ob­ tained a standard garden spray unit, some standard enamel — red and yellow — and a supply of naphtha, which he used to thin the paint. He filled the garden sprayer and experi­ mented at his home and then at the Winged Foot Golf Club. It worked perfectly, making a well-defined thin line. And so the Open at Oakmont and the Women’s Open at The Dunes in Myrtle Beach, S.C., had colored lines around the water hazards. The paint method is faster to in­ stall than the stake method. It elimi­ nates the need of stretching a string between two stakes when there is doubt whether a ball has come to rest in a hazard. More important, painted lines cannot be removed by small boys who might otherwise pull up the stakes and sail them as boats down brooks. One potential disadvantage of the paint method is that if a water haz­ ard overflows, painted lines may be under water and not visible to tell where the water hazard ends and casual water begins. Stakes have the edge here. Another disadvantage to the paint method was discovered at Myrtle Beach when P. J. Boatwright, Assis­ tant Director of the USGA, was en­ circling a lake bordered by long grass. He stepped on a snake and with the garden sprayer (which weighs about 25 or 30 pounds when filled) strapped to his back, he found it very difficult to move as fast as a person in such circumstances would like to move. Luckily, it was a non - poisonous blacksnake. Handicap Decisions USGA Handicap Decision 62-4 References: Men - Section 4-1, 8-3a Women - Section 15-1, 19-3a Q: We have a teenage girl who be­ longs to our women’s club. We have had complaints about this girl’s handicap being too high. She plays near par golf. Now this is what I’m inquiring about. This girl is playing what she calls practice rounds and not turning in these scores. She plays two balls on every hole, keeping an 18-hole score with each ball. As I said, she is playing near par golf, and we don’t have any of these scores for handicapping. Will you please advise me what to do? Am I permitted to use these practice round scores for handicapping ? Question by: Mrs. E. H. Travis, Handicap Secretary Airways Women’s Golf Club Fresno, Calif. A: Scores made when a player is playing more than one ball are not made in accordance with the Rules of Golf and may not be used in handicap computations. See Section 15-1 of The Conduct of Women’s Golf. It is understandable that normal computation methods will not produce an equitable handicap for such an up- 18 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 and-coming young player when a sub­ stantial amount of her golf is played under the circumstances described. The Committee would be justified in reduc­ ing the player’s handicap to an equit­ able figure, under Section 19-3a. USGA Handicap Decision 62-5 Q: Are we correctly interpreting the “spirit” of the USGA Handicap System when we limit the amount of handicap that a player may receive? Does it seem fair that a handicap limit of 30, for example, be enforced, when there is no reason to limit a field? I refer both to a club and to an association where membership is by invitation. If a player’s best 10 of the last 25 core figure a handicap of 34, for ex­ ample, should the player have to play with only 30? Question by: MRS. HOMER LICHTENWALTER Baltusrol Golf Club Springfield, N. J. A: The USGA Golf Handicap Sys­ tem does not contemplate an artificial maximum limit on handicaps except that the USGA chart does not provide for handicaps beyond 50. USGA "GOLF HOUSE" FILM LIBRARY Films are available for rental at $20 each (group units less) from the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Rules of Golf Dramatizations "THE RULES OF GOLF—ETIQUETTE" A family four-ball match stresses the importance of right relations to other players and to the course. Ben Hogan appears in several scenes. Robert T. Jones, Jr., makes the introductory statement. A ]7’/2 minutes "must" for every golfer. "PLAY THEM AS THEY LIE" The Rules of Golf for fairway and rough. Johnny Farrell, the 1928 U. S. Open Champion, acts as in­ termediary between. Wilbur Mulligan* a beginner of unimpeachable integrity, and Joshua P. Slye, a past master in the art of breaking the Rules. Filmed at Baltusrol Golf Club, Springfield, N.J. I6V2 minutes "ON THE GREEN" The Rules governing situations on the putting green. Photographed at the Mid-Ocean Club, 17 minutes Bermuda. Entertainment, History, Travel "GREAT MOMENTS IN GOLF" Eight Champions are seen with the many interest­ ing exhibits in "Golf House," home of the USGA Golf Museum and Library, and in flashbacks of their playing days. Robert T. Jones* Jr., during his "Grand Slam" . . . Ben Hogan . . . Francis Quimet Gene Sarazen . . . Charles Evans, Jr. . . . Findlay S. Douglas . . . Mrs. Glenna Collett Vare . . . Margaret Curtis. Black and white. 28 minutes "WALKER CUP HIGHLIGHTS" Historic events in golf's oldest team competition between Great Britain and the United States. Robert T. Jones, Jr., Francis Quimet and other great players are shown. First half, black and white; second half, beautiful color sequences of the 1959 Match at Muirfield, Scotland. 16 minutes "FIRST WORLD AMATEUR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP FOR EISENHOWER TROPHY" Twenty-nine countries compete in golf's newest major event at St. Andrews, Scotland. Climaxed by play-off in which Australia defeats the United States to become the first winner of the Eisenhower 14 minutes Trophy. "SECOND WORLD AMATEUR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP FOR EISENHOWER TROPHY" International friendships are furthered as 32 countries play at Merion Golf Club near Phila­ delphia. The United States is the winner, paced by remarkable play by Jack Nicklaus. President Eisenhower is shown receiving the American and the Australian teams at the White House. 17 minutes "GOLF'S LONGEST HOUR" Cary Middlecoff sets a target at which Ben Hogan, Julius Boros and Ted Kroll aim in vain, as Dr. Middlecoff wins the 1956 U. S. Open Championship at Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester, N. Y. 17 V2 minutes "ST. ANDREW'S, CRADLE OF GOLF" Beautiful scenes of the historic town of St. Andrews in Scotland and its Old Course, with un­ usual interior scenes of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club. An award winner for 1959. "FAMOUS GOLF COURSES: SCOTLAND" Picturesque and famous holes on the great courses at Troon, Prestwick, Carnoustie* St. Andrews, North Berwick and Murifield. The distinctive aspects of Scottish linksland are seen at their finest. 18 minutes USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 19 JIM WIECHERS IS SYMBOL BOATWRIGHT. JR OF JUNIORS’ POWER DRIVING D-"" ___ USGA Assistant 4C"Doy can these kids hit!” That was -O the most frequent comment by galleryites during the playing of the 15th USGA Junior Amateur Cham­ pionship at Lochmoor Club, Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich., early this month. It took only a few minutes at the first tee watching some of the youngsters to realize that this was no exaggeration. On several occasions drives from this tee came to rest only a short chip shot from the green—and the hole is 352 yards long!! There were other such demonstrations. For example, several times players were seen playing sec­ ond shots from about 50 yards from the seventeenth, which is 371 yards long; also the 509 yard fifth hole was reached on several occasions with iron second shots. Among the longest hitters was Jim Wiechers, 17, of Los Altos, Calif. Wiechers, combining big drives with a fine short game, played 113 holes in three over par over the 6,724 yard Lochmoor course and became the 15th USGA Junior Champion. Pitches For Eagle In the final match, Wiechers defeated Jim Sullivan, also 17, Sacramento, Calif., 4-3. Sullivan and Wiechers were teammates on the golf team at Bellarmine High School, San Jose, Calif. Wiechers jumped to a commanding lead early in the match. He won the first hole when Sullivan’s drive was stymied by trees; he won the second with a 25 foot birdie putt; and he won the third with a spectacular pitch shot over a bunker which went into the hole for an eagle three. Sulli­ van won the fourth hole, a 187 yard par 3, when Wiechers pulled his tee shot to the left of the green, overshot with his second and wound up with a 5, but he went three down again when he was bunkered on the short eighth hole and failed to get his par. It looked as though Sullivan had cut Wiechers’ lead to two holes again when he holed a 25 foot putt for a birdie at the ninth, but the new Cham­ pion sunk a 20 footer on top of him for a halve. Following that only one more hole was halved—the tenth, with par fours. Wiechers won the eleventh with his third long birdie putt of the day; the thirteenth with another fine birdie and the fifteenth and final hole with a par when Sullivan pushed his second shot near a boundary fence. Sullivan won the 12th and 14th holes, with a birdie and a par. Enroute to the finals Wiechers de­ feated: Michael Pixley, Rochester, N. Y.; Loy Martin, Jr., Tulsa, Okla.; Terry Hurst, Oahu, Hawaii; Stephen J. Robbins, Portsmouth, N. H.; Bob Jewett, Fort Myers, Fla.; and Charles McDowell, Virginia Beach, Va.; the defending champion. In reaching the semi-finals, McDowell be­ came the second Champion to come that close to repeating. Tommy Jacobs went to the semi-finals in 1952 after winning the Championship the previous year. Wiechers Has Scare Wiechers came closest to defeat in the quarter-final match against Jewett. He was one down at eighteen, a 538 yard par 5, and his third shot was in a bunker guarding the green; Jewett was on the green in three. Wiechers got down in two from the bunker and Jewett three-putted, sending the match into extra holes. Wiechers won it with a thirty foot putt at the nineteenth. Wiechers played his worst golf in this 20 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 The semi-final round of the 15th USGA Junior Amateur Championship was played by three Californians and the 1961 Champion Charles McDowell, right* of Virginia Beach, Va. The Californians are, from left, Bob Carson, Long Beach; James Sullivan, runner-up from Sacramento, and 1962 Champion James L. Wiechers, Los Altos. Photo by Pieronek Studios match. He was three over par for the nineteen holes played. The youngest player in the field was 13 year old Edwin W. Cheek, Pitts­ burgh, Pa., who incidentally was also the only left-handed contestant. Young Mr. Cheek displayed fine form in win­ ning his first round match; he lost in the second round. Unlike the 1961 Championship which was rained out the first day, the 1962 event was blessed with perfect weather, except during the final match, which was suspended three times during the play of the first nine because of heavy rain and lightning. The storm passed in about 45 minutes and the match was completed with plenty of daylight to spare. California which dominated the Championship with eight finalists from 1948 to 1956, had failed to produce as much as a semi-finalist since then. The long dry spell ended however, with Wiechers and Sullivan reaching the final and still another Californian, 15 year old Bob Carson, of Long Beach, reaching the semi-final. Carson was in a commanding posi­ tion in his semi-final match with Sulli­ van, being two up with four to play. On the last four holes, however, he pushed his tee shots and lost all of them to pars by Sullivan. From Same State This was the second Junior Cham­ pionship in which both finalists were from the same state. In 1954 Foster USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 21 Bradley, Jr., Los Angeles, defeated Allen Geiberger, Santa Barbara Calif., in the final match. Thus California has still another record of which to be proud. The new Champion has won the California Junior Championship and the San Francisco Junior title. He beat Sullivan in the final match of the latter event. Both Sullivan and Wiechers qualified at San Francisco which was alloted three places. Sullivan carded a 67, low for the conn,try, and Wiechers finished close behind with 68. The third San Francisco spot was won by Ron Cerrudo, of Castro Valley, Calif., who shot a 70. Cerrudo was heralded by some as the pre-tournament favorite off his showing in the recent California State Amateur Championship. He went to the finals defeating Walker Cupper Gene Andrews by 6-5 along the way. Cerrudo won his first match by a com­ fortable margin but was eliminated in the second round by Morrison Bethea, Reidsville, N. C. Richard E. Meissner, Silver Spring, Md. tied a record when he defeated John Diesing, Jr., Omaha, Neb. by 9 and 8. Only Don Bisplinghoff in 1952 and Ronald L. Wright in 1959 had previously won matches by such a lop-sided score. Terry Hurst, of Hawaii, made the third hole-in-one in the history of the Championship. He holed out with a four iron on the 187 yard fourth hole in the third round in a losing effort against the new Champion. The 64 youngsters beaten in the first round were eligible to compete the next day in an 18 hole stroke play consolation event at the Country Club of Detroit, where the 1954 Amateur Championship was held. Only two boys failed to take advantage of this opportunity. Medals were given the three lowest scorers. First place medal was won by Don Baranco, Caldwell Idaho, with a 75. Second place medal was won by Don Brooks, Ferndale, Mich.; Brooks also scored 75 but lost a play­ off to Baranco. Third place medal was won by Lee McDowell, Baytown, Tex. with a 76. At the Players’ Dinner held the night before the Championship began the boys were treated to talks by Hor­ ton Smith, Walter Burkemo and Chick Rutan, the host professional. This trio gave the contestants some good advice on such matters as sportsmanship, best approach to match play and an analysis of the Lochmoor course. The Junior Championship continued to grow at a tremendous rate. This year there were 2,093 battling at 52 sectional qualifying sites for the 127 available spots; the defending cham­ pion was exempt from sectional qua­ lifying. The 2,093 entrants surpassed last year’s record of 1,885. 17 members of the USGA Junior Championship Committee were on hand to assist Chairman Robert K. Howse, of Wichita, Kans. They were: Ralph W. Miller, Los Angeles, Calif., Frank Emmet, Wash­ ington, D. C., George Sherrill, Atlanta, Ga., Gerald J. Kathol, Wichita, Kans., Robert H. Swindell, Baltimore, Md., Frank E. Kenney, Detroit, Dan A. MacDougall, Kansas City, Mo., Wil­ liam Y. Dear, Morristown, N. J., Charles P. Stevenson, Buffalo, Lester H. Reed, Rochester, N. Y., Earl A. Ross, Rye, N. Y., William C. Jaeger, Columbus, Ohio, Roy Allen, Oklahoma City, Robert M. Siegfried, Tulsa, Robert F. Dwyer, Portland, Ore., Wil­ liam W. Roper, Jr., Philadelphia, Grant Bennett, Florence, S.C. And, of course, Col. Lee S. Reed, Louisville, Ky., the Honorary Starter for this event, was also at his usual spot on the first tee. John M. Winters, Jr., USGA Presi- den, was also on hand for the Players’ Dinner and for two days of the Championship. A vote of thanks is due Fred Bens, General Chairman and his Committees for the excellent work they did in pre­ paring for the event. 22 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 THE REFEREE Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees Example of Symbols: “USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. “R & A” indicates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. “C2-1” means the first decision issued in 1962. “D” means definition. “R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1962 Rules of Golf. CARRYING LOST CLUB ON COURSE IS NO BREACH USGA 62-12 R. 3, 30-2 Q. 1: A player found another play­ er’s club on the golf course. She de­ cided to pick it up and return it to the pro shop. She already had 14 clubs in her bag. What is the ruling in both stroke play and match play? A. 1: There is no penalty in either stroke play or match play. Rule 3 does not apply where the purpose is simply the rendering of such a courtesy. The player might wish to inform the oppon­ ent in match play or the marker in stroke play, however, so as to prevent any question arising later. PROVISIONAL BALL: MAY BE ELECTED AFTER PLAYER’S DEC­ LARATION TO PLAY ORIGINAL. Q. 2: Player A hit a ball and be­ lieved it might be unplayable. She play­ ed a provisional ball. Upon reaching the spot where the original ball lay, she stated: “I think I can play the ball.” She took her stance behind the original ball with a club and then found she could not take a swing because of some small twigs. She then decided to play the provisional ball. B and C contend that this is not permissible and that A must play the original ball. Can you change your mind in such circum­ stances ? A. 2: Yes. See Rule 30-2. Questions by: Mrs. John Huxel Plainfield, N. J. and Mrs. L. H. Richards Metuchen, N. J. LOOSE IMPEDIMENTS ON PUTTING GREEN USGA 62-11 D. 17, R. 35-lb, 35-lf Q: May a person remove pine need­ les from the line of putt on the green by brushing in such a manner as to disturb the surface of the grass? Question by: Hansel Ray, Lake Worth Golf Course Lake Worth, Fla. A: Yes, provided nothing is pressed down (Rule 35-lb) and provided the USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 23 surface of the putting green is not tested (Rule 35-lf). In brushing a loose impediment off the line of putt, a player almost inevitably will temporar­ ily disturb the surface of the putting green, but the prohibitions referred to take precedence over the right to re­ move loose impediments. POINT OF UNDUE DELAY USGA 62-8 R. 37-7, 40-lb, 40-3a Q: In recent team play between member clubs of our Association, the following procedure was followed sever­ al times by the two members of one particular team. The competition was played under USGA four-ball match play Rules. When one player would make her approach shot to the green (and this could be from 100 yards out), her part­ ner would immediately ask her to mark her ball. Where-upon this player would walk up to the green, state her inten­ tion to putt out rather than mark, and putt out. This kept the other three players standing out on the fairway waiting until this procedure was com­ pleted, and had the effect of delaying play many times for the groups follow­ ing. Is there any Rule of Golf which would make such procedure illegal? If it is not at variance with any Rule, could it be constructed as being poor etiquette or poor sportsmanship? What penalty, if any, could be imposed? Question by: Mrs. Charles Mills Los Angeles, Calif. A: The side in question obviously invoked Rule 40-lb, which provides: “Any player may have any ball (ex­ cept the ball about to be played) lifted or played, at the option of the owner, if he consider that it might interfere with or be of assistance to a player or side, but this is only permissible before the next stroke is played by the player whose turn it is.” This Rule is intended to cover situ­ ations where there is a reasonable pos­ sibility that one ball might assist or interfere with another ball. If a Committee considers that the Rule is being abused, the Committee would be justified in penalizing the offending side for undue delay and breach of Rule 37-7. REASON FOR LOCAL RULE AUTHORIZING RELIEF FROM PAVED ROADS USGA 62-9 D. 20, L. R. Q. 1: I have been besieged with in­ quiries for a fairly complete interpre­ tation on the change in the Appendix - Local Rules which states: “Providing relief from paved paths and roads close to playing areas (under Rule 3 -2) if they unfairly affect play.” We would sincerely appreciate some general statements of USGA policy or philosophy so that we could be in a better position to expound on the theory behind the Rule. A. 1: Definition 20b provides that artificially constructed roads and paths anywhere are not obstructions. The reference in the Appendix which you quoted is not a Local Rule but author­ izes a club to adopt a Local Rule classi­ fying a paved path or road as an ob­ struction if it is so close to playing areas that it could unfairly affect play; in such a case, relief would be afforded under Rule 31-2. In authorizing such a Local Rule, the USGA Executive Committee had in mind particularly the numerous hard- surfaced paths and roads which have been constructed to accommodate auto­ motive golf carts. Q. 2: Is the statement “paved paths and roads” to be construed as “paved paths and paved roads” or “paved paths and any kinds or types of roads?” A. 2: Roads, as well as paths, must be paved before the Local Rule pro­ viding relief is authorized. Q. 3: Is the word “paved” intended to mean only those roads or paths that have an actual hard surface covering 24 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 such as asphalt, concrete or the like, or may it include gravel paths and/or roads? violation would not warrant disqualifi­ cation. We would appreciate a clarifi­ cation of Rule 4. A. 3: A Local Rule is authorized only for hard-surfaced paths and roads such as are made of asphalt and con­ crete. Gravel is not regarded as an artificial product and therefore is not an obstruction in any circumstance. Q. 4: What opinion would you have on internal course roads, used for the movement of heavy course equipment, that are well “rutted” and not normally maintained? A. 4: We assume you refer to un­ paved roads; a Local Rule is not auth­ orized by the Appendix. Under certain circumstances, the local committee might be justified in defining such roads as ground under repair until they could be repaired; in such cases relief would be provided under Rule 32-la. KNOWINGLY ATTESTING WRONG SCORE USGA 62-10 R. 1, 4 Q: In stroke play, a competitor failed to hole out on a hole and con­ tinued to play out the round and turned in a score card. The fellow-competitor (scorer-marker), fully aware that the player had violated Rule 1 by not hol­ ing out the ball, signed the score card. The Committee disqualified both players for violation of Rule 1 and also Rule 4 as we agreed that by signing the card the fellow-competitor was agreeing to waive Rule 1. Following this decision, we noted USGA Decision 60-50, which indicates that a marker is not penalized for signing a wrong score. We have been of the opinion that the countersigning of the score card by the fellow-competi­ tor was for the purpose of verifying the correctness of the score. If there is no responsibility of the scorer, why do we countersign the cards? We understand that ignorance of the Question by: Mrs. Wm. C. Beutel Cleveland, Ohio A: The Committee was right in dis­ qualifying the competitor and the fel­ low-competitor for breach of Rules 1 and 4. CARTS: AUTOMOTIVE: COMMIT­ TEE TO FIX PROCEDURE FOR CART BECOMING INOPERABLE DURING ROUND USGA 62-13 R. 37-6a, 37-7, Misc. Q: Our State Association has voted to allow the use of electric carts in our state tournaments. Will you please give me a ruling on the following: (1) In the event a cart fails to oper­ ate during a round of medal play, how long is the rest of the group expected to wait until necessary repairs are being made or a new cart sent out? (2) In match play, if one player is using a cart and the same thing happens, how long must the op­ ponent be expected to wait? I am assuming that everyone displays good sportsmanship, and I realize that carts are not allowed in USGA tourna­ ments. Questions by: Mrs. Keene Morison Orchard Farm Wilton, Maine A: The Rules of Golf do not cover the matter specifically as they do not contemplate the use of automotive transportation. Rule 37-6a prohibits discontinuance of play unless there be danger from lightning or there be some other rea­ son which the local committee con­ siders satisfactory. Thus, the commit­ tee should establish procedure for such an occurance and should an­ nounce it in advance. See also Rule 37-7 regarding undue delay. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 25 The Superintendent Serves Golfers the golfer who isn’t familiar with the green superintendent’s problems My approach to the subject is for By Dr. J. M. Adams, M. D. (Highlights from a speech delivered by Dr. Adams at a meeting of superintendents, club managers and club officials earlier this year in Chicago. The meeting was conducted by the USGA Green Section.) This is a paradox. It is one of the few situations in business today when your job depends on your ability to get along with a boss or a group of bosses who know less about your job than you do. Get one committee in line with your thinking, this takes 2 or 3 years, and whambo, you have a new commit­ tee. You must be a diplomat as well as an agronomist. What we probably need is a greens superintendent’s psy­ chiatrist sponsored by the USGA. and who doesn’t care for the golfer who wishes to relax and, who wants the tees, fairways and greens cut per­ fectly, the traps raked, and everything perfectly done as he steps up on the first tee. He doesn’t care what fertilizer is used; he doesn’t even know there are fungus and nematode infections of grass. Nor does he realize that you’re on a budget. He pays enough in dues to have the finest conditions of playability without argument! Most of you are then confronted with a greens committee. A greens commit­ tee is a group of men who, with their appointment, have overnight become experts in the field of course manage­ ment. Like all committees, they can’t accept the possibility that things are going along quite well, but rather there must be changes made. Economy is the key note. They see that there are too many men on the crew (after all why does it take 6 men to fertilize one fair­ way ?) They wish to change some traps; cut the greens either higher or lower; but most of all they must make changes. There are areas of golf course man­ agement that I feel can be improved upon from the golfer’s point of view. I’m sure that most of these points rep­ resent no problem to most of you, but they are things that I have observ­ ed as I play golf on the Detroit area courses. Expects Manicured Courses In recent years the U. S. golfer has come to expect that his golf course really have that manicured appearance, no longer does he expect a cupped lie in the fairway; he wants that ball sitting nicely so that he can take full advantage of the lie. The rough should also be cut and manicured so that the 26 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 ball is found easily and he can use a No. 4 wood out of it. The traps should not have any foot prints and the greens no ball marks. This change was brought home to me while watching a recent television series which viewed many of the fine courses throughout the world. It was fascinating to me to see courses in England and Scotland not manicured, thus representing more of a challenge to the golfer. Their greens budget must be low. Be that as it may, here in America the golfer ex­ pects a manicured course. In addition to the finer points of golf course maintenance, there are other features of normal care that are a source of irritation to the golfer that bear mentioning. For one, arrange greens crew work so that it interferes as little as possible with play. Normally you have all the greens and tees cut early in the morn­ ing. Fairways, on the other hand, be­ cause of rain or heavy dew, sometimes aren’t cut until late in the morning and therefore extend into the afternoon; thus justifiably interfering with play. I have seen a man on a tractor either pay no attention to the golfer and con­ tinue to mow, or I have seen him stop his mowing in close proximity to the ball and watch the golfer with piercing eyes. The result too often is a flubbed shot. Wouldn’t it be better to instruct the crew to put themselves in the golf­ er’s position and to stop his rig far enough away not to interfere? Such common courtesies could well extend to the entire operation and make your job much easier. Take spiking greens as an example. You know that this procedure is vitally important to the proper and healthy care of the greens, but most of your members have no con­ cept of this procedure’s importance. All they know is they are invariably spiked the day they are entertaining an important customer. Please plan your spiking at a time during the week or during the season when there is no special event. This leads to another possible source of help in alleviating many misunder­ standings that occur. The greens super­ intendent and his Greens Committee should utilize their club’s publication to notify the membership of their varied activities and why there are times when they must be inconvenien­ ced. You are dealing with intelligent people and they will understand your problems if they are told. Tell The Membership Educate your clients so that they know how difficult it is to grow and maintain golf course grass under con­ ditions that are particularly demand­ ing. Tell them of the variety of differ­ ent grasses you have used and the reasons for their particular use. Let them know when and why you fertilize, say a word about fungicides and what they do. Let them know your problems maybe they will even sympathize with you. At least I would venture to say they will take better care of the course — they might even replace fairway divots and repair ball mark damage on the greens. Insist that your club manager fur­ nish you with a list of the many events that involve the golf course. Knowing these, you can plan your work accord­ ingly. You should go over these special events with the manager at least once a week in order to avoid slip up — re­ member if you spike the greens the day of a special event, you’ll be blamed, even though partially unjustified. Tell The Crew Another important phase that pro­ duces good member-green crew rela­ tionships is in instilling within the crew a genuine feeling that they are an im­ portant cog in the machinery. Most of th?se men probably don’t play golf and don’t understand the need for meti­ culousness. However, if you have a coffee bull session in the club house with the crew and the Greens Commit­ tee at the start of the season so that the crew gets to know the committee USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 27 members by name, great dividends are paid. At these sessions the importance of their particular jobs can be brought out, and they will respond with initi­ ative of their own. Give them a feeling of belonging to the club organization. Here is where the man who cuts tees can understand why it is important that the tee markers be changed each time he cuts the tees — you know it fits in well with good maintainence practices — but if he hears from the greens chairman that it is also im­ portant from the golfer’s point of view (it changes the play of a given hole) he’s more apt to do it without prodding. This would alleviate the often seen re­ petition of the same tee marker posi­ tion day after day or all markers are suddenly at the back tees (oh, how the members scream). Give a Reason Similarly, to prevent compaction of the greens you all know that rotating pin placement is important, but the man who doesn’t understand the chal­ lenge to the golfer will do this in a stereotype fashion, using no imagina­ tion. He is satisfied just putting a hole somewhere on the green. However, if one of the greens committee takes an interest in him and shows him the various excellent pin positions on a given green and why they are, two things are immediately accomplished: 1 - better maintainence practices are carried out, and 2 - the golfer will ap­ preciate the challenges brought forth. Let me now dwell on a few small points that are a constant source of irritation to the golfer. One concerns the ball washers and towels. There is nothing more nauseating than a ball washer with stale rancid water and, coupled with this dilemna, finding no towel on the washer. Instilling personal pride in your crew will alleviate this oversight. Also, a plea to the member­ ship to quit swiping the towels would help. Why not equip your tractors with a small box on the frame to hold papers, small twigs, and general debris which can be picked up as the crew cuts the fairway and rough? A small effort can produce a neat orderly course. Efficiency dictates that the benches on the tees be picked up, painted and stored early in the fall before your crew is cut back. But here the member who enjoys his golf in the fall of the year does not feel kindly toward this kind of efficiency. Many of the points I have discussed must seem ridiculous to most of you. But they do occur on many of our cour­ ses and these courses have superintend­ ents who don’t possess the curiosity that motivates them to attend meetings such as this one where there is an op­ portunity to learn. A lack of curiosity eventually shows up in the appearance of the course. This fact was apparent to me when I read a survey of 40 clubs in the Detroit area made by Mr. Charles Chapman, our greens section chair­ man. His study showed that in spite of the well known fact that Bluegrasses and Fesques do not thrive with short cutting heights, 10 with substantial pre­ parations of Bluegrass and 3 with Fesque on their fairways cut them at % inches or less. One course with 100% Bluegrass fairways cut at Two courses in our area who cut their fairways at proceeded to reseed them again this past year with Blue­ grass. This same paradox exhibited itself on tees where 10 clubs with major pro­ portions of Bluegrass have cutting heights of V2" to Equally wide variation in fertilizing procedures, use of fungicides, and watering principles are wide spread in our area. There are encouraging signs, how­ ever; 30 of the 40 clubs have developed grass nurseries, averaging 15,000 square feet. 32 Greens superintendents 28 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 attended meetings of their association and other turf conferences and 25 Clubs avail themselves of the USGA Green Section Visiting Service. Seeing a scientific approach to grass growing problems begin to creep into maintainance procedures throughout the country, appeals to a professional man such as myself. I hope that more clubs, through their greens superin­ tendents, avail themselves of this truly exhilarating experience. Distributing information on how to avoid compaction with new green and tee construction is an example of the splendid work that Dr. Marvin Fergu­ son and his group have done and are doing to help us help ourselves. How Much Did You Put On? By DR. MARVIN H. FERGUSON Mid-Continent Director, Notional Research Coordinator, USGA Green Section The Green Section agronomist visit­ ing with a golf course superinten­ dent asked, “How much fungicide did you put on this green?” The answer came immediately, “Two ounces per 1000 square feet.” The agronomist ex­ pressed surprise because the fungicide in question is n rmally used at lighter rates and th? amount mentioned would almost surely have produced burn. The superintendent, however, could not be shaken. He had measured the material accurately, he had applied it carefully, he had not watered it afterward. The agronomist had almost decided that there could have been no mistake when he asked the question, “How much area is in this putting green?” The answer was, “I don’t know.” Obviously, careful measurement and careful application are wasted if the size of the area is unknown. If he is to know “how much was put on,” he must measure the material to be applied, measure the area to be treated, and then treat the “measured area” with the “measured material.” Measure Material to Be Applied The sellers of golf course supplies are doing a good job of packaging materials in convenient sizes for use without measuring; however, some materials must be measured. The first rule is to use standard measurements. For solids, such as powdered or crystalline mate­ rials, use ounces and pounds. For liquids use liquid ounces, pints, quarts and gallons. The cost of graduates and scales is not prohibitive. These enable the use of measurements and quantities as stated by the manufacturer. When Coke bottles, bar glasses, beer cans or other such containers are used, a chance for error is permitted that is not necessary. Occasionally we are told something like this, “Well, I use a ginger ale bottle full of crabgrass control material to each tankful of water and three tank­ fuls on 18 greens.” How many ounces in the ginger ale bottle? “About 32 ounces, but I don’t fill it up completely.” Are all the greens the same size? “No, there is some variation. We put a little more on the larger ones and a little less on the small ones.” It is fortunate that grasses tolerate some error and that manufacturers of turf chemicals usually allow for some deviation from their printed instruc­ tions. It is amazing that hit or miss methods do not cause more trouble than they do. The foregoing comments should not be construed to suggest that sloppy handling of chemicals is common among golf course superintendents. The competent men are conscientious about proper measurements and they care­ fully control the amount of material applied. One problem in the measurement of pesticide or fertilizer arises from using different concentrations. How much USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 29 40% liquid sodium arsenite must be used if the recommendation calls for 3 lbs. of sodium arsenite per acre? Be­ cause 1 gallon of 40% liquid sodium arsenite weighs approximately 10 lbs., we can determine easily that there are 4 lbs. of active material per gallon, or 1 lb. of active material per quart. Therefore 3 quarts of solution per acre will provide the desired amount. This is a relatively simple example; however, some problems become considerably more complicated. Usually liquid formu­ lations are prescribed in terms of liquid measure. When this is not the case, the weight of the liquid, the percentage of active ingredient calculated in terms of weight per gallon must be determined, and the measurement made accordingly. In the example above, 1 gallon weighs 10 lbs. and the concentration is 40%. Therefore .40 x 10 = 4 lbs. active in­ gredient. Some manufacturers show the weight of the active ingredient per gallon. The container will carry a label saying “Contains two pounds per gallon of Product A.” Fertilizer rates also require some cal­ culation. Such calculations are not dif­ ficult using this brief formula: Desired rate of nutrient x 100 -4- % concentra­ tion = Rate of application. The form­ ula may be written: R x 100 ------------ = rate of application % nutrient Assume that 60 lbs. of nitrogen per acre is to be applied using a 12-12-12 fertilizer, then substitute figures in the formula as follows: Desired rate (60 lbs.) x 100 -4- per­ cent N (12) = rate of application 5 x 100 --------- = 500 lbs. of 12-12-12 per acre 1 This formula may be applied to any particular nutrient. In the above exam­ ple, it may be readily seen that equiva­ lent amounts of phosporus and potash were applied. Measurements of area on a golf course are usually expressed in terms of acres (43,560 square feet) or in 1000 sq. ft. units. These convenient units can be converted from acres to 1000 sq. ft. by multiplying by the factor 43.56. There are several acceptable methods of measuring areas. Aerial photos, made to a known scale can be quickly measured at any well-equipped civil engineer’s office. Accurate approxima­ tions may be obtained by laying a clear plastic grid over the area to be measur­ ed, provided the area covered by each square in the grid is known. Another method using a map or photo is to divide irregular areas into more or less regularly shaped parts, measure the parts with a scale ruler and add them up to provide a total for the area. On the ground, measurements may be made with a tape or a i..ea suring wheel. If irregularly-shaped arc..j are to be measured, it may be necessary to divide the area into more regularly shaped parts. If the course superintendent has an inclination to estimate the size of areas, he may be wise to check himself fre­ quently. Estimates can sometimes miss the mark by virtue of faulty reasoning. The following is one example: Superintendent A has a green that is oval shaped, 110 feet long and 75 feet wide. He multiplies 110 x 75 and finds that this is 8,250 square feet. He estimates that the rounded off corners probably amount to about 500 square feet and he considers the green to be 7,750 square feet (See Fig. 1.) When the green is measured, it is divided so that part B is a rectangle with the dimensions 35' x 75'. Its area then is 2,625 square feet. Parts A and C, if placed together, would form a circle with a diameter of 75'. The form­ ula for finding the area of a circle is pi (3.1416) times V2 the diameter, squared. It is written: 3.1416 x (37.5)2 = 4,417+ square 30 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 feet. Adding these values we find that 4,417 + 2,625 = 7,042 square feet. Thus the estimate is off by more than 700 square feet or 10%. One of the most common occurrences of faulty estimates comes from treat­ ing fringes of greens. The green may be circular and 80 feet in diameter. The superintendent wishes to apply 3 ounces of fungicide per 1000 square feet. We may calculate the area by the formula pi (3.1416) x % diameter squared: 3.1416 x 40 x 40 = 5,026 square feet Therefore 15 ounces of fungicide will be required. But because the superin­ tendent wishes to spray a strip about 10' wide around the collar of the green he decides to put in a little additional fungicide, so he allows enough for an­ other 1000 square feet (3 ounces more). How much fungicide is he applying? The radius of the area to be treated is now 50' instead of 40'. 3.1416 x 50 x 50 = 7,854 square feet Now we have applied 18 ounces to 7,854 square feet. This amounts to a little more than 214 ounces per 100 square feet. Thus, the estimate was seriously in error. Calibration of spreaders or sprayers is one of the most important steps in the application of any material. In the case of sprayers, the rate of output will remain constant so long as pres­ sures and orifice sizes are constant. Therefore the procedure is to measure the rate of discharge and from this in­ formation together with the known width of the swath covered by the sprayer, calculate the distance to be traveled in order to apply the given amount of material. Treat the “Measured Area” with the “Measured Material” Consider one example. Fifty gallons of a spray material per acre are to be applied. The sprayer discharges 2 gal­ lons of solution per minute. Thus 1/25 of the required amount is discharged in one minute. Another way of saying this is that 1/25 of an acre must be covered in one minute. One twenty-fifth of an acre is 1,742 square feet (43,560 -4-25). If we know that the spray covers a strip 12 feet wide, the rig must travel 12) in order to cover 145 feet (1,742 this area. By converting feet per min­ ute to miles per hour, the correct trac­ tor speed can be determined. (A speed indicator on the tractor is a very use­ ful “extra” in turf maintenance work.) A rate of 145 feet per minute is equiva­ lent to 8,700 feet per hour or 1.65 miles per hour (8,700 -4- 5,280). A fertilizer distributor must be handled differently. The conventional distributor will vary in its discharge rate with variations in speed, fullness of the hopper, and roughness of the terrain. Usually the best way to mea­ sure rate of discharge is to fasten a pan to the underside of the distributor, operate the machine over a measured COMING EVENTS August 20-23 1962 Annual Meetings of The American Society of Agronomy and the Soil Science and Crop Science Societies of America Cornell University Ithaca, New York August 28-29-30 Florida Turfgrass Conference University of Florida Gainesville, Fla. September 10-11 Midwest Field Days Purdue University Lafayette, Indiana September 26-27-28 Northwest Turf Association Conference Washington State University Pullman, Washington USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 31 area and weigh the fertilizer discharg­ ed into the pan. Openings in the spread­ er may be adjusted to provide the de­ sired rate of output. One pitfail in the application of spray materials suspended in water rather than dissolved is the danger of settling out. Unless thorough and con­ stant agitation accompanies the spray­ ing operation, the concentration of the solution may vary. There have been cases in which excellent fungicides fail­ ed to provide disease control. Subse­ quent examination of the sprayer dis­ closed a “paste” of fungicide material in the bottom of the tank. Use Clean Equipment The last step in any operation involv­ ing sprayers or spreaders is to thoroughly clean the equipment, serv­ ice it, and store it in such condition that it is ready for use. However, it is always a good idea to check over equip­ ment again just prior to use. These precautions are not only a part of good housekeepingand a way to forestall rust and corrosion of metal parts, but they may prevent disaster. There is one case on record where a club killed nine blue­ grass fairways by failure to use clean equipment. The club borrowed a large sprayer, placed 2,4-D solution in it and sprayed the fairways; the workman failed to check the tank prior to filling. Had he done so, he would have found that it was partially filled with a solu­ tion of a powerful soil sterilant. The previous user had failed to empty the tank. Few soils in the world have enough plant nutrients naturally to support themselves efficiently for more than a few years at best, thus one of the reasons for fertilizers. As a nation, we are using about five times as much fertilizer as we did in 1935. Etagland had commercial phosphatic fertilizers by 1850. Later they were made in the United States. They im­ proved only gradually, and the con­ centrated sorts were relatively scarce until about 1933. The use of potash fertilizer came along with the use of nitrogeta and phosphorus. As all three increased, we learned to use the secondary nutrients—magnesium, boron, zinc and others. Few of us, on reasonably good soils, now need to let soil fertility be a limiting factor. Knowledge of how the soils respond and chemical tests for current nutrient status are gen­ erally well established as the basis for recommendations. The chemical materials which have become an important part of turfgrass management have had a revolutionary effect upon the profession. The super­ intendent would be hard pressed to maintain turf without them. Because of their effectiveness and their costs, they must be used in accordance with thoroughly tested procedures and rates. The superintendent who uses them is obliged to be ever alert to make certain that he is using the correct material and the correct amount on the known area to be treated. Accorded this at­ tention, turfgrass chemicals can be a tremendously effective maintenance tool. SUBSCRIBERS TO THE USGA GREEN SECTION VISITING SERVICE EASTERN REGION Fla. Tequesta Country Club Jupiter N. Y. Pine Brook Golf Club Gloversville Pa. Schuylkill Country Club Orwigsburg MID-CONTINENT REGION Colo. Glenwood Golf Club Glenwood Springs Mich. Lochmoor Club Grosse Pointe Woods Minn. Executive Golf Club of Minnesota Minneapolis Golden Valley Golf Club, Inc. Minneapolis Miss. Columbia Country Club Columbia Natipco Country Club Natchez N. M. New Mexico State University Golf Range University Park Ohio Western Hills Country Club Cincinnati Willard Golf Club Willard 32 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 IT’S YOUR HONOR HOW THE CURTIS CUP BEGAN (We asked Miss Margaret Curtis how she and her sister Harriet conceived the idea of a team match between British and American women amateurs. Her answer is below. The Curtis sisters were both National Champions.) Beginning a good many years ago were the Inter-city Team Matches for the Griscom Cup. They started between Philadelphia and New York only. Then they allowed Boston to join in and we did sur­ prisingly well. My sister and I have always en­ joyed team match play with its added responsibility. In 1905 a group of eight of us, not chosen as representatives, went over to play in the British Cham­ pionship at Cromer, England. We got there a day or two ahead to learn the course. Some of the Britishers asked us if we wouldn’t play a team of them and we said we’d love to. Their team included two of the delightful Hezlet sisters. We were well beaten but enjoyed it all the same. It was the combination of these two experiences that made us think how nice regular international team matches would be, and we were glad to put up a cup for them. MARGARET CURTIS Boston, Mass. GOLF RULES IN PICTURES TO THE USGA: May I extend my congratulations for the very fine publication com­ piled by you entitled “Golf Rules in Pictures.” I believe that this book has long been necessary in order that golfers could better under­ stand the Rules and Etiquette of golf. The illustrations of Etiquette should be shown to every golfer. JOHN N. C. CAMERON Dallas, Texas PALMER AT TROON TO THE USGA: Palmer at Troon was fabulous, and Nagle’s performance playing with him on the final day was also an outstanding display. The end of the day did see the crowd out of control somewhat, but it is simply their enthusiasm and really a great tribute to Palmer. Jack Nicklaus took his dissa- pointment very well: a really fine ambassador. GERALD H. MICKLEM Sunningdale, England H l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H l l l l l I I I U I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l H l l l l l l l l l l l l l i I I I I I I I I I I I H I I I I I I I I I I I H l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l ^ USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: AUGUST, 1962 33 USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ANO COMMITTE CHAIRMEN OFFICERS PRESIDENT: .................................................................... John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. VICE-PRESIDENTS: ..................................... Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. SECRETARY: ................................................................ Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn. TREASURER: ........................................................................ Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. The above officers and: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Fred Brand, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.; William C. Campbell, Huntington, W. Va.; Robert F. Dwyer, Portland, Ore.; Edward L. Emerson, Boston, Mass.; Harold A. Moore, Chicago, Hi.; Eugene S. Pulliam, Indianapolis, Ind.; Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla.; Charles P. Stevenson, Buffalo, N. Y. GENERAL COUNSEL Philip H. Strubing, Philadelphia, Pa. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Joseph C. Dey, Jr., New York, N. Y. ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: P. J. Boatwright, Jr. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House", 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. CHAMPIONSHIP: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: Philip H. Strubing, Philadelphia, Pa. IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. MEMBERSHIP: Edwin R. Foley, San Francisco, Calif. GREEN SECTION: Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Henri Prunaret, Natick, Mass. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Eugene S. Pulliam, Indianapolis, Ind. PUBLIC LINKS: Fred Brand, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. HANDICAP: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. HANDICAP PROCEDURE: Herman M. Freydberg, New York, N. Y. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Robert K. Howse, Wichita, Kans. SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III. GIRLS' JUNIOR: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. SENIOR WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIP: Mrs. Theodore W. Hawes, Summit, N. J. MUSEUM: Edward L. Emerson, Boston, Mass. BOB JONES AWARD: Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla. GREEN SECTION AWARD: Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla. FINANCE: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. PUBLIC INFORMATION: Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn. NOMINATING: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. USGA GREEN SECTION EASTERN REGION Northeastern Office: 814 Raritan Ave., Highland Park, N. J. Alexander M. Radko, Director, Eastern Region Raymond E. Harman, Northeastern Agronomist Charles E. Croley, Northeastern Agronomist Lee Record, Northeastern Agronomist Southeastern Office: P. O. Box 4213, Campus Station, Athens, Ga. James B. Moncrief, Southeastern Agronomist MID-CONTINENT REGION Southwestern Office: Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Texas Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Director, Mid-Continent Region and National Research Coordinator Holman M. Griffin, Southwestern Agronomist Mid-Western Office: Room 241, LaSalle Hotel, Chicago 2, III. James L. Holmes, Mid-Western Agronomist Western Office: P. O. Box 567, Garden Grove, Calif. William H. Bengeyfield, Director, Western Region WESTERN REGION