X g T I N g USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT OAKMONT'S CHURCH PEWS A good deal of meditating and praying, both silent and otherwise, is anticipated at this spot at Oakmont Country Club, Oakmont, Pa., dur­ ing the 62nd holding of the Open Championship June 14-16. The scene is the Church Pews bunker on the left side of the 4th hole. UM«HHBMI JUNE, 1962 IIS6A JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT Published by the United States Golf Association 1962 by United States Golf Association. Permission to reprint articles or material in the USGA © Journal and Turf Management is granted to publishers of newspapers, periodicals and books (unless specifically noted otherwise), provided credit is given to the USGA and copyright, protection is af­ forded. Neither articles nor other material may be copied or used for any advertising, promotion or commercial purpose. VOL. XV, No. 2 JUNE, 1962 Through the Green _________________________________________________ 1 Once Upon a Time in the Open at Oakmont ____________ Eddie L. Ervin, Jr. 5 Inventive Minds Find Golf Is Fertile Field __________ P. J. Boatwright, Jr. 9 “Golf Rules in Pictures” Clears Some Mental Fogs ______________________ 11 Open History Replete with “It-Might-Have-Been” ________ Joseph C. Dey, Jr. 12 Dual Nature of Appeal Explains Game’s Growth ______ John M. Winters, Jr. 14 Amateur Status in TV Programs _______________________________________ 17 Varied, Unique Obstacles Challenge World’s Players ___________ Jim Becker 18 Wright-Rawls Dominance in USGA Women’s Open _______________________ 20 The Referee: Decisions Under the Rules of Golf _________________________ 22 Turf Management ___________________________________________________ 25 It’s Your Honor: Letters 33 Published seven times a year in February, April, June, July, August, September and November by the UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 40 EAST 38th St., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. Subscription: $2 a year. Single copies: 30^. Subscriptions, articles, photographs, and correspondence should be sent to the above address. Second Class Postage Paid at New York, N. Y., and Pinehurst, N. C. Editor: Joseph C. Dey, Jr. Managing Editor: Eddie L. Ervin, Jr. All articles voluntarily contributed. USGA COMPETITIONS FOR 1962 Championship or Team Match Entries Close Qualifying Rounds Dates of Event Location Open — — Women’s Open June 13 — June 14-15-16 June 28-29-30 Amateur Public Links •May 31 tJune 17-24 July 9-14 Junior Amateur June 27 July 17 Aug. 1-4 (1) Curtis Cup Match Aug. 17-18 Girls’ Junior Aug. 3 — Aug. 20-24 Oakmont Country Club, Oakmont, Pa. Dunes Golf & Beach Club Myrtle Beach, S. C. Sheridan Park Golf Course, Tonawanda, N. Y. Lochmoor Club, Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich. Broadmoor Golf Club, Colorado Springs, Colo. C. C. of Buffalo, Williamsville, N. Y. Women’s Amateur Aug. 8 — Aug. 27-Sept. 1 C. C. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Amateur Aug. 15 TSept. 4 or 5 Sept. 17-22 Senior Amateur Aug. 29 Sept. 13 Oct. 1-6 Pinehurst Country Club, Pinehurst, N. C. Evanston Golf Club, Skokie, Ill. (2) World Amateur Team Senior Women’s Amateur Oct 3 — Oct. 10-13 Oct. 17-19 Fuji Golf Course, Kawana, Japan Manufacturers’ Golf & Country Club, Oreland, Pa. ** Open Championship: Date of Sectional Qualifying Championships may be changed to Monday, June 4 if local authority in charge deems advisable. Amateur Public Links Championship: *Entries close with each Sectional Qualifying Chairman. t Exact date in each Section to be fixed by Sectional Chairman. (1) Curtis Cup Match: Women’s amateur teams—British Isles vs. United States. (2) World Amateur Team Championship: Men’s amateur teams. 1964 Women's Open Goes to Son Diego The 1964 Women’s Open Champion­ ship of the United States Golf Associa­ tion has been scheduled for the San Diego Country Club, Chula Vista, Calif. The competition, at 72 holes stroke play, will be played Thursday, Friday and Saturday, July 9, 10 and 11, 1964. This will be the first visit of the Women’s National Open to the west coast since the USGA assumed sponsorship of the event in 1953. The present Champion, Miss Mickey Wright, is from San Diego. She has won the Championship in three of the last four years. As previously announced, the 1962 Women’s Open is to be played at the Dunes Golf and Beach Club, Myrtle Beach, S. C., June 28, 29 and 30; and the 1963 Championship is scheduled for the Kenwood Country Club, Cincinnati, Ohio, July 18, 19 and 20. Hagen Voted Award Walter Hagen, winner of the USGA Open Championship in 1914 and 1919, is the latest recipient of the William D. Richardson Trophy. It is awarded for outstanding contributions to golf by the Golf Writers’ Association of America. The trophy is to be presented just be­ fore the National Open at Oakmont. Last year it was voted to Joseph C. Dey, Jr., USGA Executive Director. 1964 Women's Amateur Site The 1964 Women’s Amateur Champion­ ship of the United States Golf Associa­ tion will be played at the Moraine Coun­ try Club, Dayton, Ohio. The dates will be Monday through Saturday, August 17 through 22. This will be the first USGA Champion­ ship at Moraine. The only other USGA Championship played in Dayton was the Amateur Public Links event of 1921, held at the Community Country Club. A Philadelphia First The presidents of both the Golf Associa­ tion of Philadelphia and the Women’s Golf Association are from the same club. Edward E. Marshall, Jr., heads the men and Mrs. W. B. McCullough, Jr., the women. They are members of Hunting­ don Valley. Mr. Marshall’s mother, the former Mildred Caverly, was runnerup to Alexa Stirling for the USGA Women’s Amateur Championship in 1916. Hits Wrong Ball An English lady was taken into court because she hit a ball—Mr. Ball. She hit him on the back of the head as he bent over to identify a golf ball whose owner­ ship was in question. “I now realize my action was not with­ in the scope of golf by any means,” she said. “I did not intend to strike Mr. Ball over the head. I meant to hit him else­ where, but he moved.” She was fined $28.00. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 1 Byers' Gifts Received A Problem Solved A 1903 silver trophy won by the late E. M. Byers is the most recent acquisi­ tion of the USGA’s Museum. Contributed by Buckley M. Byers of Sewickley, Pa., E. M. Byers’ nephew, the 9-inch trophy reads, “United States Golf Association Invitational Tournament Oxford and Cambridge Golfing Society, Ekwanok Country Club, September 15, 16, 17, 1903.” A group of pictures from Mr. Byers includes a photograph album of the 1922 Amateur Championship held at The Country Club, Brookline, Mass.; a pic­ ture of the 1932 Walker Cup Team taken with King Edward VIII who in 1936 ab­ dicated; and a picture of Ben Hogan taken at the 1953 Open in Oakmont, Pa. Needed Course, So . . . Needing a golf course upon which to play some of its tournaments, the Northern California Golf Association suc­ ceeded in working out plans which will mean a fourth course at Pebble Beach. The course will be under direction of Del Monte Properties, but the NCGA will have a life interest in it in exchange for furnishing the construction finances. Robert Trent Jones has designed the 18-hole layout which will play to 7,100 yards. Officials hope to play on it by 1965. Casual Water Correction We wish to correct an error in the July, 1961 issue of the Journal. The article “Duties of Officials Under the Rules of Golf” contains the following statement on page 19: “To be deemed casual water, a tem­ porary accumulation of water must be visible on the surface of the ground, or at least there must be enough water present to cover the thickness of the sole of a shoe under normal pressure of the player’s weight.” This is not in agreement with Defini­ tion 8 of the Rules of Golf which pro­ vides in part: “Casual water is any tem­ porary accumulation of water which is visible before or after the player takes his stance.” Associations experiencing difficulty in servicing member clubs because of dis­ tance factors might take advantage of some advice offered by N. E. Savidge, president of the Southern California Public Links Golf Association. Mr. Savidge writes, “Original boun­ daries of our Association included the San Diego area and we usually had at least one or two member clubs in the area, but the potential was always about 10. They hesitated to join because of in­ convenience of participation in Associa­ tion activities and events. Two years ago we spent considerable time and effort in promoting the organization of the Southern Counties Golf Association and from the success to date it appears to have been effort well spent. “The Association is well organized, has a sound tournament program and is start­ ing a state-wide tournament this sum­ mer which should firmly entrench them with golfers of this area. It seems a bene­ ficial approach for other areas to con­ sider.” Scholars Get $70,000 The Evans Scholars Foundation has re­ ceived a bequest of $70,000 from the late Dorothy Ellis of Chicago. This represents the largest single contribution in the 33 year history of the Western Golf As­ sociation’s caddie scholarship program. Charles Evans, Jr., who founded the program in 1930, said, “It is a wonderful thing to contemplate a dear friend like Dorothy making such a gift to America’s deserving young men of the future.” There are 443 Evans Scholars cur­ rently attending 26 universities. Books Reviewed THE EDUCATION OF A GOLFER, by Sam Snead with Al Stump. (Simon and Schuster, New York $4.50). Sam Snead mixes stories of his career with golf in­ struction. 248 pages. HOW TO MASTER THE IRONS, by Gene Littler with Don Collett. (The Ronald Press Co., New York, $5.00). Gene Littler explains in words and pic­ tures how to play the irons. 118 pages. 2 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 Distance Indicators The Association’s attention has been called to a brochure of the “Pinpoint Golf Distance Indicator,” which is a pocket-size device designed to give auto­ matically the exact distance to the flag- stick from distances up to 200 yards. Use of such a device violates Rule 37-9 of the Rules of Golf which provides: “The player shall not use any artificial device for the purpose of gauging or measuring distance or conditions which might affect his play, under penalty of disqualifica­ tion.” The manufacturer has been advised of this. Junior Champions Play Boys who hold junior golf titles are being invited to compete in a Tourna­ ment of Junior Champions at Kenwood Golf and Country Club, Bethesda, Md., on Labor Day. The 18-hole stroke play tournament, sponsored by the Interclub Junior Golf League of Washington, D. C., will be held annually in honor- of Frank Emmet. Emmet is called father of junior golf in Washington and is a member of the USGA Junior Championship Committee. Entries should be submitted before Aug. 22 to Joseph Gambatese, Director, 7119 Exfair Road, Bethesda 14. Necrology It is with deep regret that we record the death of: William C. Chapin, of Rochester, N. Y., a member of the USGA Executive Com­ mittee since 1956. He was the 1962 Green Section Committee Chairman, and had served on several other USGA Commit­ tees. Since 1948 he had been a member of the Board of Directors of the Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester, and was elected President in 1954. Mr. Chapin was Oak Hill Club Champion in 1941-42-43-46-48, Rochester District Champion in 1941-43- 48, and qualified for the USGA Amateur in 1933 and 1951. Dean O. M. Leland, Minneapolis, Minn., a member of the USGA Museum Com­ mittee since 1942. An avid collector of golf memorabilia and a generous donor, he contributed his collection of over 300 golf books, both rare and modern, to the USGA Museum and Library. Horton Smith at the dedication. Horton Smith, who in January received the USGA Bob Jones Award for his sportsmanship in golf as a player, teacher and administrator, has had a golf course named in his honor. Recently in his hometown of Spring­ field, Mo., citizens gathered to partici­ pate in the opening of the nine-hole municipal Horton Smith Golf Club. Smith said he considered the project “a personal honor as well as a tribute to my profession, the game of golf. All I ask is that those who do play, play more, and those who haven’t tried the game, to take a shot at it.” Littler, the Champion The manner in which 1961 USGA Open Champion Gene Littler dismissed a recent perplexing situation is typical of the player. During a tournament the innocent mis­ chief of a camera bug, who snapped his shot as Littler went to his backswing, caused Gene to dub his shot. He scored six instead of par four. A player in the same group verbally lashed the culprit but Gene commented, “Sure, I heard the camera click. But I can’t blame anybody but myself. No mat­ ter what happens, I shouldn’t hit a shot that bad.” Nevertheless, etiquette is a part of the spectator’s code as well as the golfer’s. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 3 1964 Open Site The 1964 Open Championship has been scheduled for the Congressional Country Club, Washington, D. C. The dates will be June 18, 19, and 20, 1964. As previously announced, the 1963 Na­ tional Open will be played at The Coun­ try Club, Brookline, Mass., June 20, 21, and 22. The Open has not been played in the National Capital area since 1921, when Jim Barnes won at the Columbia Coun­ try Club. The Congressional Country Club has entertained two previous USGA Cham­ pionships. In 1949 Gay Brewer won the Junior Amateur Championship there, de­ feating Mason Rudolph in the final. The second USGA competition at Con­ gressional was the Women’s Amateur Championship of 1959. In the final Miss Barbara McIntire defeated Miss Joanne Goodwin, Sweet, Sweet Music The USGA Open office at Oakmont Country Club, Oakmont, Pa., received this letter: Dear Sir: We are interested in two (2) tickets to the Opera. Please send us information on same. Thank you. (Name Withheld) USGA PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST (Publications are available from the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16. Please send payment with your order.) RULES THE RULES OF GOLF, as approved by the United States Golf Association and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scot­ land. Booklet 25 cents (special rates for quan­ tity orders, more than 500). GOLF RULES IN PICTURES, published by Grosset and Dunlap, compiled by Joseph C. Dey, Jr., USGA Executive Director. 96 pages, 8y2 x 10 s4 inches, $1.95. DUTIES OF OFFICIALS UNDER THE RULES OF GOLF, a reprint of a USGA Journal article that contains a check list of the duties of the referee and other committee members on the course. No charge. HANDICAPPING USGA GOLF HANDICAP SYSTEM FOR MEN, containing recommendations for com­ puting USGA Handicap and for rating courses. Booklet 25 cents. Poster 15 cents. THE CONDUCT OF WOMEN’S GOLF, contain­ ing suggestions for guidance in the conduct of women’s golf in clubs and associations, includ- ing tournament procedure^ handicapping and course rating. 35 cents. USGA SLIDE RULE HANDICAPPER. Designed for use by men and women. 25 cents. COURSE RATING POSTER for certifying hole bv hole ratings to a club; for association use, size 8% x 11 inches, 5 cents, $3.50 per 100. COURSE RATING REPORT, a form for rating a course hole by hole; for association use, size 414 x 7 inches. 10 cents, $7.50 per 100. USGA HANDICAP RECORD FORM, revised in 1961, provides for the listing of 75 scores. It is designed for ease in determining the last 25 differentials from which to select the lowest 10 when more than 25 scores are posted. $3 for 100. HANDICAPPING THE UNHANDICAPPED, a reprint of a USGA Journal article explaining the Callaway System of automatic handicap­ ping for occasional players in a single tourna­ ment. No charge. GREEN SECTION A GUIDE FOR GREEN COMMITTEE MEM­ BERS OF GOLF CLUBS, 16-page booklet. 25 cents. GOLF COURSE REBUILDING AND REMODEL­ ING-FACTORS TO CONSIDER, article in USGA Journal by A. M. Radko. No charge. THE GOLF COURSE WORKER—TRAINING AND DIRECTION. No charge. HOW TO MEET RISING COSTS OF GOLF COURSE MAINTENANCE, PARTS I & II, panel discussions. No charge. MISTER CHAIRMAN, reprint of USGA Journal article. No charge. WATER USE ON THE GOLF COURSE, panel discussions. No charge. COMPETITIONS PREPARING THE COURSE FOR A COMPETI­ TION, reprint of USGA article by John P. English. No charge. TOURNAMENTS FOR YOUR CLUB, a reprint of a USGA article detailing various types of competitions. No charge. GENERAL ARE YOU A SLOW PLAYER? ARE YOU SURE? A reprint of a USGA Journal article by John D. Ames. No charge. A JUNIOR GOLF PROGRAM FOR YOUR CLUB AND DISTRICT, a 16-page booklet on or­ ganizing and developing junior golf programs at different levels by the USGA Junior Cham­ pionship Committee. No charge. COSTLY FIRES IN GOLF CLUB PROPERTIES, lists potential fire hazards and damage to golf club properties. No charge. PROTECTION OF PERSONS AGAINST LIGHT­ NING ON GOLF COURSES, a poster. No charge. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT, a 33-page magazine published seven times a year. $2 a year. 4 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 ONCE UPON A TIME . . . IN THE OPEN AT OAKMONT By EDDIE L. ERVIN, JR. USGA Public Information Manager Someone once said history can best be enjoyed through the recall of spe­ cific instances. This is particularly true in championship golf such as will be seen at the 62nd United States Open Cham­ pionship this month at Oakmont Country Club, Oakmont, Pa. Oakmont in itself has contributed much. The tough old course appears to revel in the strong language heaped on it through three previous Open Cham­ pionships, as well as three Amateurs. Some claim Oakmont picks its own favorite son. At any rate, if the winner of the 1962 Open scores even par 284, he will have scored 10 strokes better than the aver­ age of the three past Open winners there. In 1927 Tommy Armour and Harry Cooper tied at 301; Armour won, 76 to 79, in a play-off. Eight years later, 1935, there was no great difference in the win­ ning score as Sam Parks, Jr., won with 299, two strokes ahead of the long-hitting Jimmy Thomson. Prior to those tourna­ ments neither Armour nor Parks had the reputations which the Open and ensuing years were to bring. Along Came Hogan Then along came Ben Hogan in 1953. Playing what he still contends to be some of his greatest shots in the course of one tournament, Hogan scored 283, five under par. His total was six ahead of Sam Snead. Thus, in three Opens at Oakmont over 35 years, the winning average is 294.33. This is contrasted with the 282 average of the last 10 Open Champions. Why have the scores at Oakmont been relatively high? It is not because of ex­ cessive length. In 1953 the course measured 6,916 yards and played to par 72. This year the yardage is 6,894. The first hole, 455 yards, will be a par 4 in­ stead of 5, reducing par by a stroke to 36-35—71. 1927 Tommy Armour But then there are the greens, bunkers and rough. One player in 1935 said the closely cropped and hard rolled greens offered an exceptional challenge, like putting down a flight of stairs and en­ deavoring to stop the ball on the third step from the bottom. Furrowed Bunkers The furrowed bunkers of 1927 and 1935 undoubtedly contributed much to high scores. They were numerous and really “furrowed.” The rake (a misnomer) had solid triangular teeth about three inches long, like a tremendous saw. It takes little imagination to picture the deep furrows this device would make. A shot into the bunker prompted the player to consider not so much where he would place his next shot but, rather, if he could get it out of the sand at all. Fur­ rows have since been modified, and a great many bunkers have been removed. From 288 in 1934, there are now 225 bunkers at Oakmont. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 5 The reason for furrowed bunkers is basic. The course is built on clay soil. Deep bunkers would present a drainage problem. If the bunkers were both shal­ low and smooth, they would offer rela­ tively little difficulty. Although the unusual bunkering is characteristic of Oakmont, the Club has cooperated with the USGA’s Champion­ ship plans. In 1953 the furrows were modified. This year Oakmont agreed to remove two bunkers and decrease the size of three others to permit gallery passageways between several parallel holes and to provide more spectator vantage points. A total of 400 shrubs and small trees were planted in March. Larger ever­ greens were planted last fall along the left side of the 292-yard par-4 17th hole. This hole has a slight dog-leg left and the trees will cause players to think twice in considering a short cut to the green. One victim of early play at Oakmont offered this advice on procedure: “Hit a great drive for position, than a brilliant shot to the green. Now you are ready to play the hole—with your putter.” Through the Years Now that the Open Championship is having its 62nd holding since 1895, it has had ample time to visit and revisit most of the nation’s courses with reputa­ tions as stern tests. The competitions, in many instances, have made or at least contributed to these reputations. With three previous Opens at Oak­ mont, the last only nine years ago, seniors can visualize all Open play on the grand old course near Pittsburgh, which is 59 years old. Do you remember? 1927 — Tommy Armour tied Harry Cooper for the lead after 72 holes when he scored birdie 3 on the 460 yard 18th. He sank a 10-foot putt to do it. In the play off Armour was two strokes behind after 12 holes but began a surge that saw him pick up five strokes over the next six holes to win, 76 to 79. At the 15th, Armour sank a 50-foot putt for 4 while Cooper scored 5. On 16, Cooper’s ball was buried in a bunker. He made a great 4 but Armour was down in 3. Lighthorse ODE TO OAKMONT O the dune hills in the sand along the sea Where the waves dash high with mighty, noisy claps Are as smooth as glossy silk, or homogenized milk, When compared with Oak­ mont’s furrowed traps. For a gentlemanly bunker, give me those That don’t ever show on topo­ graphic maps, Where the soil’s politely raked— neither carved nor sculped nor faked— But deliver me from Oak­ mont’s furrowed traps. Now I’ve seen them all—from awesome Pebble Beach To Pine Valley’s woods—than which there are no punker; But the! most remote from heaven is when your ball lies in row seven Of a plowed and disced and harrowed Oakmont bunker. —Joseph C. Dey, Jr., June 1953 Harry made a gallant try at 17 for he put his approach 18 inches from the pin. Armour then made a most artistic shot when he pitched over a bunker and the ball stopped 10 inches from the cup. It was all over. Walter Hagen scored 81 the last round and finished six strokes behind. The Ryder Cup matches were played in this country for the first time that year and the British team partici­ pated in the Open; Archie Compston made the best showing, tying for seventh with 308. Leading Scorers Tommy Armour ___ .... 78 Harry Cooper --------- ... 74 Gene Sarazen --------- .... 74 Emmet French ____ ... 75 Bill Mehlhorn --------.... 75 Walter Hagen --------.... 77 Archie Compston ......... 79 Johnny Farrell ------ ... 81 John Golden ______ .... 83 Harry Hampton ___ .... 73 71 76 74 79 77 73 74 73 77 78 76 74 80 77 80 76 76 78 75 80 76 77 74 73 73 81 79 76 73 77 76 79 301 301 302 304 305 307 308 308 308 308 Robert T. Jones, Jr. .. 76 77 79 77 309 Low Amateur 6 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 1935 Sam Parks, Jr. 1935—Sam Parks, Jr., using local knowledge, won by two strokes over young Jimmy Thomson and three over Walter Hagen. In the last round Thomson was four strokes ahead after four holes as Parks went over par on each. Parks also staggered on the last four holes when he lost strokes to par at each and Thomson needed to par the last four to win. But Jimmy lost two strokes, finished 78 to Parks’ 76, and that was that. None of the 20 leaders was able to break 75 in the last round. Parks, professional at the nearby South Hills Country Club, was the only one able to negotiate Oakmont’s furrowed bunkers and lightning-like greens in less than 300. Leading Scorers 73 77 78 76 73 76 73 76 76 Sam Parks. Jr. ______ 77 73 73 76 Jimmy Thomson ____ 73 Walter Hagen _______ 77 Denny Shute _______ 78 Ray Mangrum ______ 76 76 72 79 Henry Picard _______ 79 Gene Sarazen ________ 75 Alvin Krueger _______ 71 Horton Smith ________ 73 Dick Metz ___________ 77 Paul Runyan ________ 76 78 70 79 74 78 79 77 78 80 79 79 75 76 76 78 77 79 75 299 301 302 303 303 306 306 306 306 307 307 Chris Brinke ________ 80 80 81 74 315 Low Amateur 1953 Ben Hogan 1953—Ben Hogan led after every round, the first to do it since Jim Barnes in 1921, and the last. It was Hogan’s fourth Open Championship. The victory put him on the pedestal with Willie Anderson and Bobby Jones. The winner scored 67-72-73-71—283 to leave Sam Snead in second place by six strokes, the fourth runner-up position for Snead. A finish of 3-3-3, par-birdie-birdie, closed the door on Hogan’s nearest pur­ suers and helped him to card five un­ der par for the 72 holes. Hogan’s mar­ gin of six strokes is the widest since Ralph Guldahl was six ahead in 1938 at Cherry Hills, Denver, Colo. Leading Scorers Ben Hogan --------------- Sam Snead -------------- Lloyd Mangrum --------- Pete Cooper ------------ George Fazio ------------ Jimmy Demaret ------ Ted Kroll ___________ Dick Metz ___________ Jay Hebert __________ Marty Furgol ________ 67 72 73 78 70 71 76 75 72 73 72 69 70 75 71 76 71 70 72 74 73 72 74 71 77 71 74 74 74 76 71 76 75 70 76 76 74 76 78 73 283 289 292 294 294 294 295 295 296 296 Low Frank S. Souchak — Amateur 70 76 76 74 296 Purse, Entries Grow After the 1927 Open one writer said, ■‘There is no question but that (the Open) was one of the best thus far re­ corded. From what can be learned it is safe to say that more than $20,000 was USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 7 taken in. The Open has surely become a big attraction.” And there were 898 en­ tries. In 1927 Armour won $500 plus a gold medal. Parks got $1,000 in 1935 (1,125 entries) and Hogan $5,000 when the total purse rose to $20,400 in 1953. Entries that year totaled 1,669. This year the professional pot will be approximately $70,000 plus $7,800 in Sec­ tional Qualifying, which raise the total to $77,800. The winner will receive $15,000 and the runner-up $8,000. Had Bob Jones played as a professional, he would have won only $4,366.25 for his record of four Open titles and four runner-up finishes in nine consecutive Open Championships. Gene A. Littler collected $14,000 last year. He was the only player to break par of 70 twice, winning by a stroke over Bob Goalby and Doug Sanders. Goalby had finished at 282. Then came Littler who, despite 5 on the par-4 18th registered his second 68 to score 281 at Oakland Hills Country Club, Birming­ ham, Mich. Sanders came to the 18th needing birdie 3 to tie and just missed the cup with a chip shot. Littler became the eighth player in history to win both the Open and the Amateur champion­ ships; he took the Amateur in 1953 and turned professional the next year. If Littler repeats this year he will join a group of five who have won consecutive titles. The last was Ben Hogan, 1950-51. In order to participate this year Hogan was to enter Sectional Qualifying June 5 in Pittsburgh. It marked the first time since 1940 that Hogan was required to qualify. Records in 1962? Oakmont's Open Championship Com­ mittee, under the Chairmanship of Jack Mahaffey, is preparing to cope with a record attendance this year. The high mark of 47,975 for the three days of the Championship was set last year at Oak­ land Hills Country Club; the single-day record of 20,439 also was made at Oak­ land Hills, on the last day. There already has been one record set in conjunction with the 1962 Open Championship. The number of entries ac­ cepted for the competition reached a final count of 2,502, compared with the former record of 2,453 set two years ago. In Local Qualifying this tremendous field was reduced to 452 then Sectional Qualifying eliminated all but 131. The 131 who survived were to join with 19 others exempt from all qualifying to form the Championship field of 150 at Oak­ mont.. Besides the record of 2,502 accepted entries, the Association received 115 other applications for a grand total of 2,617. Of this 115 there were 74 who were rejected because they arrived late, 32 were not acceptable for other reasons such as faulty handicaps of amateurs and 9 withdrew. Late entrants included Julius Boros, the 1952 Open Champion, and Paul Runyan, the PGA Senior Champion. The number of players in Sectional Qualifying meant there was one place in the Championship for every 3.8 players. The 19 totally exempt players included the last five individuals to win the Open, headed by Champion Gene Littler and including Arnold Palmer, Bill Casper, Jr., Tommy Bolt and Dick Mayer. The others are Jerry Barber, the PGA Cham­ pion; Bob Goalby, Doug Sanders, Jack Nicklaus, Mike Souchak, Dow Finster- wald, Doug Ford, Eric Monti, Jacky Cupit, Gardner Dickinson, Jr., Gary Player, Billy Maxwell, Gay Brewer and Johnny Pott. It’s A Squirrel Mahaffey figured this year’s Champion­ ship needed a symbol. After all, he reasoned, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer has its roaring lion, and doesn’t RCA have a listening dog? Mahaffey hit on a squirrel as symbolic since so many are in Oak­ mont’s Oaks. He substituted the golf ball for an acorn. The significance of the bushy-tailed tree-climber was derived from two dic­ tionary definitions and a little imagina­ tion: 1. gol’fer, n. One whose object is to strike a small, resilient ball and in so doing put the ball in each hole in as few strokes as possible. 2. squir’rel, n. Any of numerous ar­ boreal forms having a long bushy tail and strong hind legs, who gather nuts and store them in small holes. With imagination, they become “golf nut.” 8 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 INVENTIVE MINDS FIND GOLF IS FERTILE FIELD By P. J. BOATWRIGHT, JR. USGA Assistant Director From time to time the USGA’s Imple­ ments and Ball Committee is called upon to render rulings as to whether or not clubs with “new” features conform with Rule 2-2 of the Rules of Golf. This is one of the Association’s most important functions. If there were no Rules regulating the club and the ball, it is probable that inventors and manu­ facturers would produce clubs featuring all sorts of mechanical contrivances and “super” golf balls for the purpose of making golf easier. The game as we now know it would be profoundly changed. Several interesting decisions regarding clubs have recently been issued by the Implements and Ball Committee. Wrench Was Furnished One case concerned a putter whose length of shaft and lie could be adjusted with a small wrench furnished to pur­ chasers of the club. The manufacturer was aware that the club violated Rule 2-2b, which provides: “No part of the club may be movable or separable or capable of adjustment during a round of play,” but he asked for approval on the basis that purchasers could render the club incapable of adjustment after it had been adjusted to suit each individual’s game. The USGA advised the manu­ facturer that it could not approve a club which was capable of adjustment after purchase. Adhesive Strips Out Another manufacturer requested a ruling on plastic strips 2¥4 inches long and % of an inch wide designed for at­ tachment to the face of a putter by means of a pressure sensitive adhesive. The manufacturer said that the plastic strips provide “a built-in cushioning effect that will force you to finesse the stroke.” It was ruled that application of such ma­ terial to a putter-face would violate Rule 2-2b as well as Rule 2-2a, which provides: This is a sampling of implements submitted to the USGA Implements and Ball Committee for rulings. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 9 “The golf club shall be composed of a shaft and a head, and all of the various parts shall be fixed so that the club is one unit.” The basis for this decision was the fact that this plastic material, according to the manufacturer, could readily be re­ moved by prying it loose with a sharp- edged instrument. In an earlier decision involving the use of lead tape, it was held that the at­ tachment of lead tape to a clubhead vio­ lates the Rules unless it is applied in such a way as to seem to be an integral part of the club; it was suggested that this could be accomplished by some such method as buffing the edges of the lead tape into the metal on the back of the club. Not Properly Aligned Another ruling got into very fine points but illustrated the fact that limits must be placed on certain features of clubs. This case had to do with a wood club produced by a leading manufacturer. The heel of this club curved outward to such an extent that it was immediately apparent that the shaft and the neck or socket did not remain in line with the back of the heel as required by Rule 2-2e. Further, the club appeared not to conform to an interpretation of Rule 2-2e which restricts to % (or 40/64) inch the distance from the axis of the shaft to the back of the heel of. a wood club. Two sets of these clubs were tested on a USGA device designed to measure the distance from the axis of the shaft to the back of the heel. This dimension on the driver of one set was 47/64 inch; the dimension on the driver of the other set was 45/64 inch. Heel is Sanded Upon being notified that the club did not conform to the specifications, the manufacturer modified the club by sand­ ing the heel down, and the club now con­ forms. You might ask how the use of clubs and attachments such as these could make the game easier. In the case of the wood club, if the Rules did not restrict the distance from the axis of the shaft to the back of the heel, it would be possi­ ble to locate the shaft of a wood club equidistant between the heel and the toe —directly above the “sweetspot.” A club of this design would probably produce less torque and therefore more distance; both these factors would tend to make the game easier. Would Reduce Skill Elimination of the Rules prohibiting adjustable clubs would also conduce to making the game easier as some clubs then would probably be designed to pro­ vide—through adjustment — an imple­ ment ideally suited for every conceiva­ ble type of shot. Thus, the need for punch shots and three-quarter shots, which require a special skill, would be eliminated. The reason for prohibiting use of the plastic strips described above is essen­ tially the same as that given in the case of the adjustable club. In the words of the manufacturer, this plastic material provides “a built-in cushioning effect.” If permitted, it is quite possible that a player could begin a round with a plastic strip attached and find that the “cushion­ ing effect” was not suited to the putting greens of the particular course on which he was playing, in which case it would be a simple matter for him to remove the plastic. This, in effect, would be tanta­ mount to his having two putters in his bag. Must Follow Tradition The second paragraph of Rule 2-2a pro­ vides: “The club shall not be substan­ tially different from the traditional and customary form and make.” In a nutshell, this pretty well de­ scribes the principle behind all the Rules regulating clubs—that it is desirable that the game remain essentially as it is today. Players in doubt as to the legality of clubs are advised to consult the USGA. If a manufacturer is in doubt as to the legality of a club he proposes to manu­ facture, he should submit a sample to the USGA for a ruling, such sample to become the property of the USGA for reference purposes. io USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 ■ (,()LI RULES IN PICTURES” CLEARS SOME MENTAL FOGS New USGA Book Is An Aid To Understanding We people are funny sometimes. We pay $250 for a set of clubs, $20 to $40 for a pair of shoes, $40 for a golf bag, $15 for a dozen balls, hire a caddie for $5 and walk to the first tee, ready for a round of golf. It looks so easy, so why waste money for lessons and time thumbing through that little book presented when we were elected to membership? That “little book” is the Rules of Golf booklet which, if studied and observed, will make the round a game of golf. First Illustrations To make the Rules easier to under­ stand, the USGA this year authorized its first illustrated book on the Rules of Golf, “Golf Rules in Pictures.” It con­ tains 155 illustrations of basic Rules, as well as the complete text of the 1962 code, in 96 pages, size 8x/2 by 10% inches. Since being placed on sale in April the book has received very gratifying public acceptance. “Everyone who has looked at Golf Rules in Pictures has been very im­ pressed,” writes Frank Strafaci, Execu­ tive Director of the Miami Metropolitan Amateur Golf Association. “It seems that pictures do tell the story so much better than words.” New Thought Stephen Berrien, Rutherford, N. J., in­ jected a new thought. “What a wonderful golfer’s world we would achieve if every embryonic member of every golf, club was required to know etiquette and Rules, as pictured, before gaining admit­ tance to the club,” he said. Walter McGarry, Vero Beach, Fla., states: “The book is superb. Great because needed. Now more players will play golf the same way resulting in more accurate handicapping. It is apparent that mis­ In a hazard, after playing a stroke, there is no penalty should the player smooth irregularities in the hazard made by foot­ prints or the soil displaced by a stroke, provided nothing is done that improves the lie of the ball or assists the player in his subsequent play of the hole. Penal­ ty for Breach of Rule: Match play—Loss of hole; Stroke play—Two strokes. Rule 33-lg. interpretation of USGA Rules and Local Rules can soften play, and so create in­ valid handicaps. ‘Golf Rules in Pictures’ will undoubtedly reduce these inequities. This book is worthy of a DeLuxe Edition for a well deserved place in every player’s library.” “Golf Rules in Pictures,” published by Grosset and Dunlap, is available from the USGA, 40 East 38th St., New York 16, N. Y., many golf professionals’ shops, and bookstores at $1.95 per copy. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 11 OPEN HISTORY REPLETE WITH “IT-MIGHT-HAVE-BEEN By JOSEPH C. DEY, JR. USGA Executive Director A poet-philosopher put it this, way: “Of all sad words of tongue or pen, “The saddest are these: — ‘It might have been!’ ” A golfer-philosopher named Sam Snead said it more eloquently if less elegantly: “What a game! One day you’re a Champion. Next day, you’re a turkey.” Whatever the language used, the United States Open Championship has been a fertile field for It-Might-Have- Been. The near-misses sometimes are more appealing than the deeds of the Champions. Sam Snead’s deathless words about Champions and turkeys sprang from a full heart. The time was 1947, the place was the St. Louis Country Club, and the occasion was the presentation of prizes for the Open. Sam was the reigning Bri­ tish Open Champion, but in the United States Open he had just lost a play-off to Lew Worsham. Snead had entered the play-off by roll­ ing in an 18-foot putt on the 72nd green. Next day he led Worsham by two strokes with three holes to go. Worsham’s bird 2 and par 4 on the next two holes evened things. At the home hole, Worsham was just over the green in 2. Snead was nicely on, at about the same position from which he had holed to tie the day before. Worsham chipped beautifully below the cup. Snead putted short. Sam was addressing the ball for his next putt when Worsham, evi­ dently feeling he might be away, called for a measurement. Snead was 3012 inches from the hole, Worsham 29y2. Snead stepped up to putt again, missed. Worsham holed, and was the Champion. This was one of four occasions on which Snead was second in the Open. Another time, 1939, he had 8 on the par-5 home hole and missed the play-off by two shots. Only two players have been runner-up as many as four times, and the other is Robert T. Jones, Jr. Twice he lost in play-offs. One of the play-offs might not have been necessary if Bob had not seen his ball move as he addressed it during the Championship proper. It was in the last round of the 1925 Open at the Worcester Country Club in Massachusetts. On the 16th hole Jones drove into the rough. He took his stance for his second shot, was just about to hit the ball, then suddenly backed away from it. No one but he knew just what had happened. After Bob had holed out, his scorer checked with him, said he had had 4, and was told by Jones then he had had 5. His ball had turned over while he was addressing it. The self-imposed penalty stroke probably kept Jones from winning the Championship. He tied with Willie Macfarlane, who won after two separate 18-hole play-offs. Jones is one of three who share the record of four victories for the Open. The others are Ben Hogan and Willie Ander­ son. Hogan looked very much as if he had fractured the record when, in 1955, he holed out in 287 after four arduous rounds over the Olympic Country Club’s Lake course in San Francisco. The ball with which he completed the last round was presented to the USGA for “Golf House.” But Jack Fleck made two birdies in the last four holes, downing an eight-footer on the home green for 3, and so created a tie which Fleck successfully broke in a play-off. Again the next year, 1956, Hogan came tantalizingly close to the elusive fifth Open victory. A missed putt from 30 inches on the 71st hole kept him from tying Cary Middlecoff at Oak Hill Coun­ try Club in Rochester, N. Y. 12 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 Mr. and Mrs. Lew Worsham hold Open Championship Cup he won in 1947. Sam Snead wears It-Might-Have-Been smile. The family championship for It-Might- Have-Been is held by the Smith brothers. Alex Smith was runner-up three times, as well as twice Open Champion. Willie Smith ran second twice, and won once. Macdonald Smith, one of the great un­ crowned swingers of all time, never could win the Open but twice was runner-up, 20 years apart—1910 and 1930. The latter was Bob Jones’ Grand Slam year and Mac Smith’s closing round of 70 left the Scot just two strokes shy of a tie. The first American home bred to win the Open was young John J. McDermott. As a very young man, in three straight Opens he won twice and was second once after a play-off, 1910 through 1912. Had an illness not forced McDermott to drop out of golf, there is no telling how the history of the Championship might have been affected. Delightful little Bobby Cruickshank knew the pangs of the runner-up when he lost the 1923 Open in a play-off to Bob Jones at Inwood, N.Y. Eleven years later, at Merion, Cruicky led all the way until he lost seven strokes to par in the last five holes and ended two shots be­ hind Olin Dutra, in a tie for third. Jimmy Demaret twice came very close indeed. At Riviera in Los Angeles (1948) he broke the all-time Open record with 278. Later that day Ben Hogan beat even that with 276, which still is the record. Then in 1957 at Inverness in Toledo, De­ maret was a likely winner until Dick Mayer and Cary Middlecoff both edged him by a stroke. There was never a sadder It-Might- Have-Been than in 1940 at Canterbury, Cleveland. With a storm brewing, six players in two groups started the final round on their own initiative, in the absence of the USGA official starter, between 32 and 40 minutes ahead of their scheduled times. They played out the round provisionally. One of them, Ed Oliver, made an un­ official 287. The score never entered the records: all six players were disqualified for violating a Rule which provides that competitors shall start at the times ar­ ranged by the Committee. And what was the best score in the Championship?— 287 by both Lawson Little and Gene Sarazen, and Little won the play-off. Ed Oliver passed away last year. With­ out any effort at all, he had come to be known as one of the j oiliest of players. He met the adversity of a lingering ill­ ness with marked courage. Who is to say, then, that there are not deep treasures in the Land of It-Might- Have-Been? USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 13 DUAL NATURE OF APPEAL EXPLAINS GAME’S GROWTH By JOHN M. WINTERS, JR. USGA President When Gene Littler underwent the agonies of a 7 on a par-3 hole in a television match last winter, millions were able to recognize the 1961 Open Champion’s plight instantly and recall, with shudders, a personal horror at their own courses. This is the magic of golf. The casual weekend player' can identify himself readily with the greatest of players. Moreover, the high handicap golfer can actually outplay the Open Champion on a given hole. Success at play hinges more on deter­ mination, concentration and timing, ele­ ments within the reach of everyone who picks up a golf club. This singular appeal of golf largely ex­ plains the rapid growth of the game in recent years—both in numbers of par­ ticipants and numbers of spectators. We live in an era of increased leisure time, and the American citizen turns more and more to sports as a healthy preoccupation. Manufacturers of equip­ ment and the headquarters of profes­ sional sports leagues proudly announce new highs almost annually. These announcements center around statistics telling of more spectators or more participants. It is usually one or the other, seldom both. Game is Unique Golf appears unique in that it is ex­ periencing a remarkable combination of increase both in players and in people who go out to watch the major competi­ tions. The major spectator sports—football, baseball and basketball—show a sharp rise in the number of spectators since the end of World War II. The number of adult participants in these sports, how­ ever, does not rise sharply. On the other hand, sports such as bowling, fishing and hunting reveal size­ able annual increases in the active num­ ber of participants. Of late, bowling has begun a movement to interest the spec­ tator as well as the participant. Other contributing factors in golf’s popularity are that it is a leisurely game (but don’t dawdle!), one that can be par­ ticipated in by all age groups and is con­ ducive to sociability. Golf is one of the few sports that can be enjoyed by mixed foursomes. Golf’s expansion is striking, especially in view of the fact that as American games go it is young. From a handful of golfers in 1888, when the first permanent American golf club was founded, the game has grown to some 4,530,000 who now play 15 or more rounds annually. Boost by Ouimet’s Win One of golf’s biggest single boosts re­ sulted from amateur Francis Ouimet’s victory in the 1913 Open. Fewer than 350,000 played golf that year, but 10 years later, in 1923, the number was 2,000,000. There was a total of only 43 entries for the first USGA Open and Amateur Championships in 1895. The total for the same two events last year was 4,444. Consider also that at the turn of this century there were somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,000 golf courses in this country, while today we enjoy an esti­ mated 6,623, including 436 par-3 courses. This means that almost 60 per cent of the estimated 11,249 golf courses in the world are in the USA. Another view of golf’s brisk growth is seen in the number of golf balls sold. It was estimated that 24,000,000 were sold in 1939; 22 years later, in 1961, the figure had risen to 51,062,088. Golf’s differences from other sports ex­ tends to the attitude toward Rules. Did you ever see a runner in baseball, on a close play at third base, turn to the um­ pire and declare himself out? Can you imagine a football tackle telling the referee that his team should be penalized because he had been holding the oppos­ ing player? 14 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 There is no doubting golf’s appeal for Dan Kaeo. He sleeps in his car outside Ala Wai Golf Course in Honolulu, awaiting opportunity to obtain starting time. —Photo Courtesy The Honolulu Advertiser But think of the numerous occasions where a golfer has called an infraction of the Rules on himself. There are few sports in which this type of sportsman­ ship is so prevalent—in which the player is usually his own referee. Self-policing on Rules is at the very heart of the game of golf. Appeals to Spectators Golf has spectator appeal despite in­ herent handicaps. Most other popular sports lend themselves readily to pro­ duction for the gallery—there are stand­ ard layouts for the playing fields in base­ ball, football, hockey, basketball, track, bowling, swimming and most others. But when a spectator buys a ticket for a golf tournament, all he receives is the right of entrance to some 125 to 150 acres. He has no specific seat. He moves about the course with huge crowds, up and down hills, sometimes in inclement weather, just with the chance he may get to see the play of the leaders. And it may turn out that the decisive stroke of the tournament is at that moment be­ ing hit on a fairway seven holes away. In spite of these obstacles, however, golf tournaments continue to flourish and attract large galleries. As an example, last year’s Open at Oakland Hills near Detroit had a total three-day attendance of 47,975, surpassing the record set only the previous year by 4,000. Further, 20,439 attended the final day of the Open last year, an increase of almost 25 per cent over the record, also set the previous year. Look at figures from the Professional Golfers’ Association tour. In 1938, for example, it was estimated that approxi­ mately 200,000 viewed the PGA tourna­ ments. In 1941 it stood at 350,000 and went to 600,000 after the war in 1946. It was estimated that 1,021,000 attended PGA tournaments during 1959, a 9 per cent in­ crease over the previous year. Look to the Future What lies ahead for golf? From every indication it seems that interest in all directions can only continue to expand, in both active participation and spectator appeal. With new courses being added every year and more public interest USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 15 through television and wider newspaper coverage of golf, it apparently can only go in one direction—up. As for tournament golf, one futurist suggests that some day there will be mobile bleachers on track following the various groups around the course. An­ other predicts bleachers for the galleries will be set up along the sides of each fairway. It is now difficult to visualize that it will ever come to this. It is certain that more people will play golf and more people will be spectators at golf events each year. USGA “GOLF HOUSE” FILM LIBRARY Films are available for rental at $20 each (group units less) from the United States Golf Association, 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. Rules of Golf Dramatizations THE RULES OF GOLF—ETIQUETTE" other great players are shown. First half, black and white; second half, beautiful color sequences of the 1959 Match at Muirfield, Scotland. . A family four-ball match stresses the importance of right relations to other players and to the course. Ben Hogan apears in several scenes. Romert T. Jones, Jr., makes the introductory statment. A "must" for every golfer. 17% minutes "PLAY THEM AS THEY LIE" The Rules of Golf for fairway and rough. Johnny Farrell, the 1928 U. S. Open Champion, acts as intermediary between Wilbur Mulligan, a beginner of unimpeachable integrity, and Joshua P. Slye, a past master n the art of breaking the Rules. Filmed at Baltusrol Golf Club, Springfield, N. J. 16% minutes "ON THE GREEN" The Rules governing situations on the putting green. Photographed at the Mid-Ocean Club, Ber­ muda. 17 minutes Entertainment, History, Travel "GREAT MOMENTS IN GOLF" Eight Champions are seen with the many in­ teresting exhibits in "Golf House," home of the USGA Golf Museum and Library, and in flash­ backs of their playing days. Robert T. Jones, Jr., during his "Grand Slam" . . . Ben Hogan . . . Francis Ouimet . . . Gene Sarazen . . . Charles Evans, Jr. . . . Findlay S. Douglas . . . Mrs. Glenna Collett Vare . . . Miss Margaret Curtis. Black and white. 28 minutes "WALKER CUP HIGHLIGHTS" Historic events in golf's oldest team competi­ tion between Great Britain and the United States. Robert T. Jones, Jr., Francis Ouimet and 16 minutes "FIRST WORLD AMATEUR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP FOR EISENHOWER TROPHY" Twenty-nine countries compete in golf's newest major event at St. Andrews, Scotland. Climaxed by play-off in which Australia defeats the United States to become the first winner of the Eisen­ hower Trophy. 14 minutes "SECOND WORLD AMATEUR TEAM CHAMPIONSHIP FOR EISENHOWER TROPHY" International friendships are furthered as 32 countries play at the Merion Golf Club, near Philadelphia. The United States is the winner, paced by remarkable play by Jack Nicklaus. American and the Australian teams at the White House. 17 minutes "GOLF'S LONGEST HOUR" Cary Middlecoff sets a target at which Ben Hogan, JuFus Boros and Ted Kroll aim in vain, as Dr. Middlecoff wins the 1956 U. S. Open Cham­ pionship at Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester, N. Y. 17% minutes "ST. ANDREWS, CRADLE OF GOLF" Beautiful scenes of the historic town of St. Andrews in Scotland and its Old Course, with un­ usual interior scenes of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club. An award winner for 1959. "FAMOUS GOLF COURSES: SCOTLAND" Picturesque and famous holes on the great courses at Troon, Prestwick, Carnoustie, St. Andrews, North Berwick and Muirfield. The dis­ tinctive aspects of Scottish linksland are seen at their finest. 18 minutes 16 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 AMATEUR STATUS IN TV PROGRAMS Several inquiries concerning possible application of the Rules of Amateur Status to competitions sponsored by tele­ vision stations have been received re­ cently by the USGA. The events, which apparently are quite popular, are usually filmed and presented by television sta­ tions as regular weekly programs. In answer to one question, the USGA ruled that participation by amateurs in such television programs, even if com­ mercially sponsored, does not breach the Rules of Amateur Status, provided the participants do not appear in commercial sequences advertising the sponsor’s pro­ duct and, of course, do not receive com­ pensation or expenses in any form. Several questions have been raised con­ cerning prizes in such events. In one competition an amateur participant who wins one week is invited to return in subsequent weeks until he is defeated. The question was raised as to whether he could accept merchandise prizes valued at $200 for each victory in the series. He was advised that an amateur participant in such a show is not per­ mitted to accept more than $200 total worth of merchandise regardless of the number of shows on which he appears. It was pointed out that such a compe­ tition is analogous to a match play tour­ nament in which the eventual winner must win a series of matches; amateurs in match play events are not permitted to accept merchandise prizes valued at $200 for each match won. In another television competition, there were two separate contests, a hole­ in-one contest and a partnership con­ test, in which the partners each played a pitch shot and a bunker shot. The part­ ners with the least combined distance from the hole for all four shots each won a set of golf clubs valued at less than $200, and the partner who, during that particular month, had the closest shot to the hole won the prize in the hole-in- one contest. This prize was a trip to Las Vegas. A lady who participated in and won both the partnership and the hole-in-on( contests advised that she had accepted a set of clubs for winning the partnership contest. She asked if she would violate the Rules of Amateur Status if she ac­ cepted also the trip to Las Vegas which she won in the hole-in-one contest. She was told that the USGA considers the hole-in-one contest and the partner­ ship contest to be two facets of one tour­ nament or exhibition and that she would violate the Rules of Amateur Status if she accepted the trip to Las Vegas as a prize, unless the value of the trip, when combined with the value of the set of clubs, did not exceed $200. Handicap Points Clarified Three technical changes of minor nature have been made in the USGA Golf Handicap System. They have been pub­ lished in a new edition of the USGA booklet “The Conduct of Women’s Golf,” as follows: 1. Section 15-1, dealing with scores ac­ ceptable in handicapping, now provides specifically that “Scores may be made in either match play or stroke play.” This had long been the intention; the addition merely clarifies it. 2. Section 15-6 has been expanded to provide that scores are not acceptable “When a majority of holes on a. course are not par 4s and par 5s.” 3. In Section 19, which deals with handicap revisions, Section 2c relative to unusual situations, has been ampli­ fied and the full text now is: “An increase shall not be granted be­ cause a player is temporarily off her game or has discontinued play. However, a temporary exception may be made for temporary disability provided the in­ creased handicap is used only within the player’s home club. “In the case of greater or longer dis­ ability, a provisional handicap may be assigned, for use within the player’s home club, until she has posted five scores and thus has qualified for a new handicap.” The new edition of “The Conduct of Women’s Golf” is now available at 35 cents from the United States Golf As­ sociation, 40 East 38th St., New York 16, N. Y. USGA JOURNAL ANO TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 17 VARIED, UNIQUE OBSTACLES CHALLENGE WORLD’S PLAYERS By JIM BECKER Associated Press Sports Writer In New Delhi they have barbed wire wrapped around the flag stick on hole No. 13. That is to keep the monkeys off. They live in the trees near the green and delight in swinging on the flag stick. Members said it was ruining the edges of the hole. Also their putting. In Calcutta, the “new course” has that name because it is only 100 years old. The “old course” was opened in 1836. In Hong Kong, you can almost slice the ball into Red China. It is out of bounds. If you hit a cow you get a free drop. It’s easy to skull a rice farmer off the tee in Korea. Race horses are the hazards in Bang­ kok, and each golfer is equipped with a forecaddie in a bathing suit. Golf is busting out all over the world (only the Soviet Union reportedly still holds out), and the courses range from the lovely manicured layouts of India— where the game is 50 years older than it is in the United States—to one on Wake Island that is under water half the time. Urchins and Kings Prime Ministers play. So do street urchins. In Malaya it is not unusual to be playing behind the King. One foursome found itself with a king in the foursome in front and an ex-king (Leopold of the Belgians) in the group behind. Leopold is the better player (a three handicap). Some layouts would shame the best in America. In Japan, Mount Fuji, seems to follow the golfer around the Kawana course. On the Oshima course you can throw an erring club off a half-mile high cliff into the Pacific Ocean. One golfer did. Many courses in the parched Middle East have sand greens. One in Madras, India, does, too, for a somewhat similar Oiled-soaked sand serves as greens in Saudi Arabia. Rock, coupled with more sand, combine for treacherous rough. This photo was taken several years ago of the Dhahran Rolling Hills Country Club. 18 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 HANDICAP DECISION TEMPORARY TEES AND GREENS: HANDICAPPING PROCEDURE WHEN IN USE USGA Handicap Decision 62-1 References: Men—Section 4-3b, 7-7b Women—Section 15-3b, 18-7b Q.l: For two months each fall at the beginning of our playing season, we are on temporary tees and greens. This makes the course 762 yards shorter than the yardage from where the course was rated. Should we seek a separate rating for the course in this temporary condi­ tion? A.l: Yes. However, as Section 18-7b of The Conduct of Women’s Golf provides: “If, during certain seasons, the spirit of the Rules of Golf cannot be lived up to, there should be ‘inactive seasons’ during which scores will not be accepted for handicap purposes.” Q.2: Some clubs are using scores when on temporary tees as “N. C.” rounds (Section 15-3b of The Conduct of Women’s Golf). Others are not using them at all on the basis that they are scores made on unrated courses. A.2: Scores made in these circum­ stances should be used either (1) secur­ ing from the district golf association a temporary rating from the temporary tees, or (2) if this is not feasible, by computing a rating from the temporary tees based solely on yardage as per the directions in Revised Handicap Decision 61-3, Answer 1. If neither of these procedures is feasi­ ble, scores made from temporary tees should not be accepted in any form for handicap purposes. Q.3: How many “N. C.” scores are players allowed in their last 25 rounds of golf? A.3: Although there is no stated limit, posting of an excessive number of “N.C.” rounds could materially affect a player’s proper handicap. As an extreme example, if a player’s last 25 rounds resulted in 8 scores and 17 “N.C.”, his handicap would be abnormally low. The Committee should caution players that posting of this type of record does not reflect the true nature of the player’s game, and that only a minor percentage of rounds recorded should be “N.C.” Questions by: Mrs. Glenn O. Williams Phoenix, Ariz. With Red China not far away, caddie at Royal Hong Kong Golf Club ambles along carrying bags in a method older than the game. reason. Prohibition in the city cut down the Country Club revenue so badly that the members couldn’t afford to keep the grass growing. Iwo Jima has a par three course, for the small U. S. Air Force detachment stationed there. Okinawa has a course. Also Guam. There is one in Manila where you can bank an approach shot off a 400-year old Spanish wall. And another where Filipino guerrillas shot the Japanese puppet president in the leg while he was putting out on No. 7 during the war. Hazards can be strange. The course in Formosa used to have a tank trap cut across the fairway, when invasion from China was feared. China, itself, had lovely courses before the Communists took over, but rice may be growing on them now. Members insist that one patch of the rough in Calcutta is home for a clutch of cobras. At any rate, none of them ven­ ture into the area after a ball. If you overshoot No. 16 in New Delhi you have to play out of a Mongul tomb built before the Taj Mahal. Rice fields weave in and around the course in Korea. The one in Bangkok is built in the middle of a race track. Both sports operate simultaneously. In addi­ tion, there is a network of canals (“klongs”), some in the middle of fair­ ways. The rule on these is a free lift. USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 19 WRIGHT-RAWLS DOMINANCE IN VSGA WOMEN’S OPEN Two players have won 7 of 16 titles A major golf championship is not normally dominated by any one per­ son, nor does it usually pass alternately between two persons. For instance, in 61 USGA men’s Open Championships, 49 individuals have been crowned. The last nine Opens have been won by nine different men. But the Women’s Open Championship is another matter. True, there are not so many distaff professionals, but com­ parable statistics are interesting. Eight women have won the 16 Open? an average of two each. However, Misses Betsy Rawls and Mickey Wright throw the average out of kilter. Miss Rawls has won four and Miss Wright three—a total of seven of the 16 Championships. Miss Wright has won three of the last four and will seek to tie Miss Rawls’ record four Championships in the 1962 title chase at The Dunes Golf and Beach Club, Myrtle Beach, S. C., June 28-30. It will be the 10th Women’s Open under USGA auspices. The Dunes is expected to provide a particularly fine test. Usually it is swept by winds from the bordering Atlantic Ocean, although the ocean itself does not enter into the play. It will play at 6,400 yards and have a par of 72 for the Women’s Open. For men, the course can reach a maxi­ mum length of 7,170 yards. The competi­ tive course record of 67 was set by Billy Joe Patton in 1960. The Golf Writers’ As­ sociation of America holds its annual Championship there; Billy Joe Patton’s record is always quite safe. The pre-eminence of Miss Wright in past Championships is emphasized by the scoring averages. Since the USGA as­ sumed sponsorship of the tournament in 1953, Miss Wright has averaged 75.79 strokes for 28 rounds—the best average for anyone playing in at least five tour­ naments. Miss Louise Suggs is a close second with 75.86 for 36 rounds, followed by Miss Rawls with 76.0 for 37 rounds. The lowest 18-hole score since 1953 is 68, a record made by Miss Fay Crocker in 1958 at Forest Lake Country Club near Detroit and equaled by Miss Rawls in 1960 at the Worcester Country Club in Massachusetts. The largest winning margin in any stroke play tournament occurred in the Women’s Open in 1954. Mrs. Mildred (Babe Didrikson) Zaharias finished 12 strokes ahead of her nearest competitor with 291 at the Salem Country Club, Pea­ body Mass No amateur has ever won the Women’s Open. Miss Barbara McIntire, member of the last two Curtis Cup teams and 1959 Women’s Amateur Champion, came close. She tied Mrs. Kathy Cornelius in 1956 but lost the 18-hole play-off. There was one other play-off: in 1953 Miss Rawls defeated Mrs. Jacqueline Pung 71 to 77 at the Country Club of Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Pung almost won in 1957. She re­ turned the lowest score but the card she signed and returned showed 5 at the fourth hole, where she actually scored 6, at Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck, Sportsman’s Corner The story is best told by A. L. (Lob) Exline, Dallas member of the USGA Sectional Affairs Committee: “A rather unusual thing hap­ pened in our Local Qualifying for the Open. Earl Stewart, Jr., and De­ Witt Weaver, Jr., tied for the low scorer. Earl, as you know, is an old pro, but DeWitt, Jr., is a young fellow under 21. “They matched for the low score medal and Earl Stewart won, but he then insisted that Weaver take it. “Although a duplicate medal will be awarded to Stewart later, this was an unusual show of good sports­ manship by him.” 20 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 N. Y. She thus disqualified herself. Spontaneously, Winged Foot members, spectators and officials contributed to an unofficial purse exceeding $3,000 for Mrs. Pung to recompense her for the $1,800 first prize she lost. RECORD OF THE WOMEN’S OPEN Date Entry Site Winner, Runner-up Score Conducted by Women’s Professional Golfers’ Association 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 Spokane C. C., Spokane, Wash. Miss Patty Berg d. Miss Betty Jameson Medalist: Miss Patty Berg 73-72—145 Starmount Forest C. C., Greensboro, N. C. Atlantic City C. C., Northfield, N. J. Miss Betty Jameson * Miss Sally Sessions * Miss Polly Riley Mrs. George Zaharias Miss Betty Hicks Conducted by Ladies’ Professional Golfers’ Association Prince Georges G. & C. C., Miss Louise Suggs Landover, Md. Rolling Hills C. C., Wichita, Kans. Druid Hills G. C., Atlanta, Ga. Bala G. C., Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. George Zaharias Mrs. George Zaharias * Miss Betsy Rawls Miss Betsy Rawls Miss Louise Suggs Miss Louise Suggs Miss Marlene Bauer Miss Betty Jameson Conducted by United States Golf Association 1953 (June) 1954 (July) 1955 (June- July) 1956 (July) 1957 (June) 1958 (June) 1959 (June) 1960 (July) 37 C. C. of Rochester Rochester, N. Y. 58 Salem C. C., Peabody, Mass. 49 Wichita C. C., Wichita, Kans. 46 Northland C. C., Duluth, Minn. 98 Winged Foot G. C., Mamaroneck, N. Y. 57 Forest Lake C. C., Bloomfield Hills, Mich. 63 Churchill Valley C. C., Pittsburgh, Pa. 57 Worcester C. C., Worcester, Mass. 1961 (June- July) 85 Baltusrol G. C., Springfield, N. J. Miss Betsy Rawls Mrs. Jacqueline Pung Mrs. George Zaharias Miss Betty Hicks Miss Fay Crocker Miss Louise Suggs Miss Mary Lena Faulk Mrs. Kathy Cornelius "Miss Barbara McIntire Miss Betsy Rawls Miss Patty Berg Miss Mickey Wright Miss Louise Suggs Miss Mickey Wright Miss Louise Suggs Miss Betsy Rawls Miss Joyce Ziske Miss Mickey Wright Miss Betsy Rawls * Amateur. 5 and 4 295 301-4 301-5 300 308 291 305 291 300 293 298 f284 291 291 302-71 302-77 291 303 299 303 303 302-75 302-82 299 305 290 295 287 289 292 293 293 299 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 21 t Record score. REFEREE Decisions by the Rules of Golf Committees Example of Symbols: "USGA” indicates decision by the United States Golf Association. "R & A” indi­ cates decision by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. "62-1” means the first decision issued in 1962. “D” means definition. "R. 37-7” refers to Section 7 of Rule 37 in the 1962 Rules of Golf. CUT TURF (DIVOT): WHEN DEEMED PLACED IN POSITION turf need not be placed perfectly or in the same area from which it was origi­ nally removed. USGA 62-4 D. 17, R. 17-1 (Note), 18 Q: The term “placed in position” when referring to a divot bothers me (Note to Rule 171). What constitutes “placed in position”? Is a divot a loose impedi­ ment until it is exactly replaced? What status has a divot which has been tossed into its hole backward or sideways? Is an ill-fitting divot “placed in position”? Is a divot placed if only a part of it touches its hole? I realize these questions are very much the same. What it amounts to is this—at precisely what moment does a divot cease being a loose impediment and become “fairway” or “irregularity of surface”? Question by: Leon Kaplan Waltham, Mass. A: This inquiry presents essentially a question of fact which cannot be answered categorically. In most instances, a Com­ mittee would be justified in ruling that, for purposes of Rule 17-1, cut turf is deemed to be placed in position when substantially all of it lies in an area in­ tended for it (as when a divot is re­ placed or a bare area is sodded). Such MARKING LIFTED BALL: OWNER DETERMINES MANNER AND PLACE Q: A player in match play requests op­ ponent to mark his ball on the green which is in the player’s line. In marking his ball with a coin, the opponent realizes after marking that he has left a perfect line for player. Opponent wanted to move coin two putterhead-lengths over to one side but the player insisted that he wanted the coin left in original posi­ tion. Was the opponent permitted to move the coin so as not to give the player this advantage? Question by: Warren Orlick, Professional Tam O’Shanter Country Club Orchard Lake, Mich. A: Yes. The owner of a ball requested to be marked under Rule 35 2a is respon­ sible for lifting and accurately marking and replacing his ball. The player re­ questing the marking has no voice in how the ball is marked, except that he may request that the coin or marking object be moved to one side if it inter­ 22 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 feres with his play. See Note to Rule 35-1 for recommendation on how to mark a ball when lifted from the putting green. HOLING OUT: LOCAL RULE CANNOT ABROGATE REQUIREMENT TO HOLE OUT ON TEMPORARY GREEN USGA 62-5 R. 1, 36-7a; L. R. Q: May we have your decision on the correct order of play on a temporary putting green? Our golf course has been going through a great period of renovation for several months now, necessitating the use of temporary greens from time to time. I have been unable to find any ruling re­ garding same in the Rules of Golf booklet, but over the years have heard of many rulings. Some pros advise putting out; others say a player may take two putts and then pick up. The latest ruling, source un­ known, is that a player may pick up the ball once it is on the green, taking two putts, or if the player decides to putt, then must keep on putting until the ball is holed out. As we are holding a two day tourna­ ment early next month with women from all over the state of California playing, I think it advisable to get a ruling from you on this so there will be no confusion or question about it whatsoever. Question by: Mrs. C. R. Danielson San Luis Obispo, Calif. A: Rule 1 provides: “The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball from the teeing ground into the hole by successive strokes in accordance with the Rules.” Any Local Rule under which a player would not be required to play the ball into the hole abrogates this basic Rule and is not in accord with USGA policy. See Rule 36-7a. DISCONTINUING PLAY: STATUS OF PLAYER WHO (1) LIFTS BALL BUT DOES NOT MARK ITS POSITION AND (2) DOES NOT LIFT BALL AT ALL USGA 62-3 R. 1, 22-2a, 36 5, 37-2, 37-6a, b; 40-3h, j Q: In a four-ball match, with A and B partners against C and D, a violent rain storm struck just after the players drove from the fifteenth tee. The players and caddies took shelter but before doing so the caddies of B and C picked up the balls of the players for whom they were caddying. The balls of A and D remained on the fairway. Should B and C be penalized? If so, under what Rule would the penalty be invoked? If there is no penalty, would B and C be allowed to place their balls as near as possible to the original lies inasmuch as we have a local rule per­ mitting preferred lies in the fairway? Question by: James D. Fogertey, Professional Sunset Country Club Sappington, Mo. A: It is assumed that the prohibition of Rule 37-6a against discontinuance of play was not infringed because there was either danger from lightning or a pro­ per agreement among the players to dis­ continue. B and C were each subject to penalty since their caddies did not mark the posi­ tions of the balls as required by Rule 37- 6b. The player is made responsible for the acts of his caddie by Rule 37-2. A and D were subject to penalty for failing to lift and mark their balls, as required by Rule 37-6b. As to the penalty, all four players should be disqualified for the hole in question and the hole was halved. While Rules 37-6 and 40-3h by their terms would require disqualification from the competition, under Rule 36-5 the Com­ mittee would be authorized to, and should, reduce the penalty as indicated. As for the local rule permitting pre­ ferred lies, the USGA does not endorse it and will not interpret it. BUNKER: SMOOTHING IRREGULARITIES NOT PERMITTED IF STROKE WHICH CREATED IRREGULARITIES WENT OUT OF BOUNDS USGA 62-2 R. 29-la, 33-lg Q: When a ball played from a bunker goes out of bounds, is the player allowed without penalty, to smooth his footmarks or the soil displaced by his stroke prior to his play of a ball to be dropped in the bunker under Rule 29-la? Question by: S. Takahata, President Hirono Golf Club, Japan USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 23 A: No. The player would violate Rule 33-1, and the penalty would be loss of hole in match play or two strokes in stroke play. The player’s action in smoothing the bunker soil would im­ prove his lie for the ball to be dropped under Rule 29-la or assist the player in his subsequent play of the hole; he there­ fore would not be entitled to the penalty exclusion provided for by Rule 33-lg. LOOSE IMPEDIMENTS: PLAYER CONTROLS REMOVAL USGA 62-1 R. 35-lb, 35-1 Note, 35-2a Q: A player in match play has a diffi­ cult downhill putt on an exceedingly fast, slippery green. Before player gets in position for his putt, a high wind comes up, blowing debris all over the green. Player proceeds to pick up the loose impediments be­ tween his ball and the hole but leaves debris directly behind the hole. The op­ ponent wants to remove the debris be­ cause he feels that the player’s ball would be stopped should his downhill putt run past the hole. Player insists he has the right to leave the debris behind the hole. Was the player correct? Question by: Warren Orlick, Professional Tam O’Shanter Country Club Orchard Lake, Mich. A: Yes. The player alone controls re­ moval of loose impediments which might affect his play—see Rule 35-lb. CUT TURF (DIVOT): REPLACEMENT BEHIND BALL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE IMPROVING LIE USGA 62-4 Q: If a divot is replaced behind a ball (as is permitted according to USGA De­ cision 61-12), is not the player improving his lie? Question by: Leon Kaplan Waltham, Mass. A: The facts of each case determine, and no hard-and-fast general answer can be given. Usually, replacement of a divot behind the ball would not improve its lie, but would tend to make the lie more difficult as the player would risk snag­ ging the divot with his backswing. OUT OF BOUNDS: COMMITTEE HAS FULL AUTHORITY TO DEFINE USGA 52-51 D. 21, R. 36-6 Q.l: Our course is entirely enclosed by an 8-foot fence, against which are planted various shrubs, flowers, etc. It has been proposed that, to save time and to save the flowers, we establish out-of-bounds stakes completely around the course slightly inside our boundary fence. In other words, we would have probably 2 feet of ground between our stakes and fence which would be out of bounds. Would this seem satisfactory, or just what does the USGA recommend? At present we play anything over the fence as out of bounds; and up against the fence as unplayable, but in many cases an unplayable lie calls for going back to the tee, which holds play up con­ siderably. A.l: The committee would be within its rights in establishing a boundary line placing the shrubs and flower beds out of bounds. Under Rule 36-6, it is a duty of the committee to define boundaries. As an alternative, the committee could retain the fence as the boundary, and could protect the flowers by adopting a local rule making it mandatory that a ball in a flower bed be lifted, without penalty, and dropped as near as possible to the spot where it lay, but not nearer the hole, on ground outside the flower beds. See recommendations for local rules. Such a local rule would be proper only for the purpose of prohibiting play from an area which it is desired to pro­ tect, and not for the purpose of giving relief from the boundary fence. Q.2: We also have one hole inside the course on which we have an out-of- bounds, purely as a safety measure, to prevent players from driving into another fairway. Is there any objection to this? A.2: “Interior” boundaries are gener­ ally inadvisable except for prohibiting play in such areas as parking spaces, clubhouse and dwelling territories, ten­ nis courts, swimming pools and the like. However, as noted above, it is a duty of the committee to define boundaries. Knowing the local situation, the commit­ tee can best determine the matter. Questions by: Ellsworth Vines Los Angeles, Calif. 24 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 BUSINESS APPROACH TO GOLF COURSE MAINTENANCE The USGA Green Section conducted its sixth annual Educational Program at the Biltmore Hotel, New York City, on January 26. Excerpts from two of the papers were printed in the April issue and four more are on the following pages. Simple Accounting Methods And Budget Preparation ALEXANDER M. RADKO Eastern Director, USGA Green Section, Highland Park, N. J. Records, like paintings and poetry, can mean different things to different people. To some the task of keeping records is a breeze, to others it is a bore, but to the golf course operation records are a necessity! This is true because those charged with responsibilities of management are dealing with other peo­ ple’s money. In the normal course of events, the matter of budgeting is a joint committee-superintendent responsibility with the brunt of it falling on the shoulders of the latter. Basically, it is their joint responsibility to provide the very best golf course possible for a given amount of the membership’s money. Like paintings and poetry, different people will interpret differently as to what can, or what should, be expected with this money. Over the years there have been a num­ ber of fine surveys published on golf course expenditures. The undeniable fact is that costs are rising steadily due to several factors but primarily— (1) The desire for the best playing conditions at all times. (2) More golfers, therefore more play; golf will never be just a week-end sport again. (3) Longer playing span; in the Northeastern area Labor Day used to signal the slow down of play, now Thanksgiving is more nearly the date most aim for. (4) Rising costs of labor, materials, and equipment. Each survey points up the fact that labor consumes 60 to 70 per cent of the annual budget. In industry since the pro­ duction line techniques have been per­ fected, an individual worker may per­ form only one specific operation day-in and day-out during his entire work-life. However, in the golf operation, crews are necessarily small, and each man must perform numerous tasks daily. Because of this, and because every single job per­ formed no matter how simple is im­ portant to the management record, a worker’s time and duties should each be carefully recorded each day. The simple fact is that good records tell the manage­ ment story for a golf course operation. These records can be as simple or as com­ plicated as the individual cares to make them. As a matter of reference to an uncom­ plicated system the following records of two veteran golf course superintendents USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 19S2 25 were provided the writer independently and these were then set together on one sheet for quick comparison purposes. The 18 hole summary was provided by Super­ intendent Riley of the Essex Fells Coun­ try Club in Essex Fells, New Jersey, while Superintendent Elmer Michael of Oak Hill Country Club in Rochester, New York provided the data for the 36 hole course. While slight discrepancies exist, in the main, the agreement in their figures is truly remarkable. At a glance it reveals what it takes in man hours to maintain a well managed course, what percentage of the total this is, and where the emphasis, if any, is placed in the management program in any given year. From this record, if further information is sought, any of these categories could be individually broken down to show every detailed operation that went into making the total. If members wish to place more emphasis on any individual area this can easily be adjusted to their requirement. (See Chart) The advantages of this simplified sys­ tem are many but some of the main ones are: (1) It deals in man hours and per­ centages for each category and so is easy for the committees to work with. (2) Though the budget may fluctuate from year to year—the percentages should remain somewhat stable. There­ fore the level of maintenance is placed up to the committee ... no matter what the budget, these percentages will per­ sist. (3) It is easy to understand each general category—they are not compli­ cated by detailed information. At budget time committees want primarily to talk Labor Distribution of Two Major Clubs 18 Hole Course in New Jersey 36 Hole Course in New York Hours % of Total Hours % of Total Greens and Approaches ___________________ Tees _________________________________________ Fairways ____________________________________ Rough - ______________________________ Banks at Tees, Greens & Traps --------- Bunkers „ — ___ __________________ Shop (Equipment repairs) ------------------------- Club Grounds __ ______________ Parking Area _____ __ _______ Off Course (trees, hedges, pruning, ______ - - spraying, planting) — - ___ _____ ______________ Pool Miso (green & tee nurseries, ___ _____ painting, bridges, roads) Drainage - ___________ _________________ Unproductive time (holidays, vacation, ........ sick leave) Capital improvements _______________________ (Installed water lines in 4 fair- ways, constructed new bridges, new tee, and renovated 1 apron area) Tournaments ________________________________ Preparing compost _________________________ Tennis courts (3) __ ______________________ Hauling rubbish _ __ ______________________ Maintenance of Water System ------------------- 2703 660 881 492 348 839 930 605 108 682 641 453 44 429 1653 23 6 8 4 3 7 9 5.5 1 6 6 4 .50 3.00 14 5170 1860 ( ( 3290 ( ( ( 2370 ( 2300 2140 325 1620 450 1665 1120 295 440 160 360 22 8 14 10 9.5 9 1.4 7 1.9 7.2 4.8 1.2 1.9 .5 1.6 Ed. Note: Hours expended will vary with regions, depending upon length of growing season, and upon the level of maintenance performed. Total __________ 11,468 100.0 23,565 100.0 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 money—not management programs. (4) From this record, it is a simple matter to prepare budget. (5) There are no problems in fitting this system into any bookkeeping system. All other records are relatively easy to categorize. These are primarily a mat­ ter of proper entry into the record book. These include— (1) Purchases (2) Equipment—Inventory and De­ preciation (3) Basic data record showing course description—property boundaries, irriga­ tion and drainage lines, acres of rough and fairway, size of greens and tees. Records of this type are described fully in several articles published—and those particularly of our Pilot Study of Maintenance Costs—and subsequent arti­ cles on the topic, written by the Green Section’s Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, which appeared in the USGA Journal and Turf Management. Complete records and budget informa­ tion are necessary for several reasons— and I believe it is best summed up in the statement of one housewife keen in the way of budgeting who once said “records are necessary so that you don’t wind up with too much year at the end of your money!” Keeping Up with Research is Good Business By DR. MARVIN H. FERGUSON Mid-Continent Director and National Research Coordinator, USGA Green Section Research continues to grow in size and in importance. In 1962, 16.5 billion dollars are to be spent in the United States. This is five times the $3 billion spent for research in 1950. If research were considered an industry it would rank in the top 12. It employs 350,000 people. Government will pay two-thirds of the cost of the research done in 1962, but 75% of the work will be done by in­ dustry under government contract. Type of Research Much of the government sponsored re­ search is of a basic nature. It deals with all aspects of physical and biological science. Ultra-high temperatures, cryo­ genics (extremely low temperatures), direct energy conversion systems, light qualities, etc., are some of the areas where much effort is being expended. Discoveries made in basic research may have no preconceived application, but as facts become available they can be pieced together to improve our knowl­ edge and technology. Such discoveries can be applied in many areas of bio­ logical science, and so while the nation’s space effort may be the prime reason for research of this magnitude, the bonus values that result from it may even pro­ vide us with additional knowledge for growing better turf. Where Does Turfgrass Fit In? This background will indicate that our concern with turfgrasses represents an infinitely small effort when compared with the total research expenditure. How­ ever, our opportunity to learn new facts is not limited by our own small efforts because of the fact that we can borrow from the large reservoir of basic infor­ mation. We are going to need all the new in­ formation that we can acquire. We shall be faced with new problems. An example is the new stadium to be built in Houston for use of the Hous­ ton Colt .45 baseball team. The sta­ dium is to be dome-covered and air conditioned. It appears that light will limit the growth of grass. Supplemental light can be supplied artificially, but such light generates heat, thus increasing the refrigeration load. Even though our part in the total re­ search effort is comparatively small, it may be considered big in absolute terms, and the job of keeping up with progress is a big one. Presently $550 million a year is being spent for agricultural re­ search. Fifty-two per cent of this is by industry, with the remainder being done by federal and state governments and by non-profit organizations. There are more than 9,000 pesticides on the mar­ ket today for controlling insects, diseases, weeds, nematodes, and rodents. Two years ago there were only about three pre-emergence crabgrass controls on the market. Today there are more than 20 and this is just the beginning. Basic research on the activity of USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 27 enzyme systems within a plant has pro­ vided the knowledge that has permitted the development of material which will interrupt or alter this enzymatic activi­ ty. This is the basis for an unusual de­ gree of selectivity in weed control. The triazine compounds which work on this principle appear to be the forerunners of a long series of such materials. Thus, the products of basic research are all potentially capable of being fitted into our particular discipline to provide more effective and more efficient tools. The Green Section Role At this point, we might pause to justify the existence of the Green Sec­ tion. The duties of the Green Section staff are largely those of keeping up with research activities, being aware of new discoveries and new products, and at­ tempting to relate these advances to golf course problems. We cannot hope to keep up—but we can devote our full time to the effort. You ask much of your superintendent, who, with a course to maintain, a crew to supervise, and my­ riad miscellaneous duties, also obliged to try to keep up with what’s new. Here is an area where the Green Section Visit­ ing Service can help you. In addition to following the progress of other research, the Green Section, through the USGA Green Section Re­ search & Education Fund, Inc., sponsors and supports research through grants to state institutions. Many of these grants support projects designed to solve prob­ lems peculiar to golf. We may cite Penn State’s efforts with Colonial bent, V.P.I.’s overseeding study, and Texas A. & M.’s physical studies on soils. Yet all these projects will yield benefits that carry beyond the immediate problems. In the 41 years of its existence the Green Section has contributed much to the knowledge of golf course mainte­ nance through its research effort. It has developed fungicides, herbicides, and in­ secticides. Examples are the testing and subsequent recommendation for use of mercury fungicides in the middle 1920s; thiram in 1942; sodium arsenite in the early 1930s; and 2,4-D during and just after World War II. Chlordane was tested by the Green Section long before it was named. Harrington & Ferguson applied some to turf on a nursery at Rolling Road in Baltimore at 100 times the rate later recommended. Through such painful ex­ periences has the knowledge been gained which permits members of the Green Sec­ tion staff to recommend safe rates of use with confidence. Among the grasses selected, tested and released as superior strains are Arling­ ton, Congressional, Collins and Cohansey bents, and Merion bluegrass. Since es­ tablishment of the visiting service, grants have supported work from which came Tiffine, Tifgreen and Tifway bermuda. Soils information which permitted publi­ cation of specifications for putting green construction has been gained from Green Section sponsored research. Present research efforts deal with grass improvement; soils studies; disease control studies; controlled environment studies; and with general support of turf- grass research at a number of experiment stations. Research In The Future Some problems face all of us with re­ spect to the future of research. This does not apply to our specific interests, but to research in general. Government is likely to continue to sponsor basic re­ search because of the pressure of our space program. National Aeronautics and Space Administration alone will spend $20 billion before the first astronaut arrives on the surface of the moon. While this work will be done by industry under contract, government will pay the bills. This creates a problem in connection with patents. A company which makes dis­ coveries under such contract research cannot expect to control the patent rights to such discoveries. Yet, if the company does not receive such rights, its incen­ tive to do research is impaired, if not destroyed. To do research, competitively, in such a fast-moving area is almost beyond the capabilities of many companies without the help of government contracts. The combined efforts of the interaction of these facts may constitute a threat to our patent system which has served us so well. There is a possibility that government may find it necessary to establish a re­ search organization of its own. Thus many of the basic patents would come to be government property and companies would be licensed to manufacture the 28 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 products covered by such patents. We make no attempt to editorialize on this matter, but it is a matter of importance to all. Our national welfare and our pro­ gress have been linked to research ef­ forts. If we are to continue to advance, we must continue our research efforts. In the last decade, technical progress has been amazing. Perhaps the sur­ prising thing is that costs have increased only five-fold. We. in turn, have come a long way in turf management. Manage­ ment is more efficient because of new tools, new chemicals, new grasses, and new techniques. There is even now a mass of basic information which has not yet been translated into practice. As long as researchers are busy, this will evei’ be so. DDT was discovered in 1874, but it was not put to use as an insecticide un­ til the early 1940’s. Our business is to see that this back­ log does not get too big. With ever in­ creasing research the task will become more difficult, but we must try. The thought I would like to leave with you is that “keeping up with research is good business.” Don’t Overlook Public Relations By ALLEN M. OAKLEY Member. USGA Green Section Committee, Quincy, Ill. Public relations, whose development since the turn of the century paral­ lels the growth of golf, today has been refined into a science that can be applied to our problems in golf course mainte­ nance. We must consider a foursome—the player, the green superintendent and his association, the green chairman, the club directorate. If we have been overlooking public relations, let’s find out what it means. To paraphrase one definition: “Public relations in golf is essential today be­ cause we have found that information, understanding and good will are neces­ sary for the well being of that fortunate member of the foursome to whom we ac­ cord the honor on the tee—the player.” Each of us in the foursome has some­ thing to sell, and the green chairman must bring buyer and seller together. So it is to him that I address myself. The player has something to sell. He wants the best possible conditions for his enjoyment—and we all know he can be the most vocal of salesmen on that point. Though we cannot heed all his de­ mands, nor all too often his advice, he can become our best salesman if we in­ form him, develop understanding both in and with him, and through him spread good will. Those are the translations for us of the special language of the science of public relations. The green chairman must be the key man in putting them in­ to practice. There was a day when he and his greenskeeper dealt with an inexact sci­ ence. Today he lives in a new and better world, made possible by experience, re­ search and organization. How can he make the most of it? How apply public relations? 1. He must recognize the full im­ portance of his job and publicize its objectives and accomplish­ ments. 2. He must understand the nature of the advances that have been made. 3. He must take full advantage of the modern services available. 4. He must recognize and encourage the new atmosphere created by a corps of trained and dedicated superintendents. 5. He must balance desire and re­ sources. 6. He must help prepare for the future, both in his own club by creating wider interest in the problems and science of golf course maintenance, and on the broader landscape where train­ ing and research are thriving and manpower is needed. All this adds up to one word: “Inform.” It’s a formidable weapon against the old fogeys of tradition, member apathy and budget restrictions. So let’s sell to the players an under­ standing of the superintendent’s problems, to the board the value of. new methods and machinery—their dollar value and satis­ faction value, and to the superintendent USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 29 a goal he and his crew will be glad to shoot for. My short experience as a green chair­ man convinces me you can’t do without good public relations on these points. 1. Importance and Publicizing The golf course budget exceeds that of any other phase of club operation. The golf course has strengthened its position as the core of the country club. And no golfer can be fooled today—he knows the good conditions enjoyed by his fellow and neighbor a thousand miles away. The business approach emphasizes the importance of not overlooking public re­ lations. A new superintendent, only 22, remarked: “I want a businessman for a chairman.” He meant he wants good pub­ lic relations, understanding of his job, an informed board and budget committee, and informed players. Today he keeps records, knows costs, strives for more efficient maintenance. The chairman must bring him closer to the management and closer to the players. The superintendents are in business. So must we be. Have you a long-range program? Full publicity to the membership is an essen­ tial. Its success may depend on the admonition: "Inform.” Despite good ad­ vice, a club lost nine years in getting under way, because its long-range pro­ gram was not plainly put before the membership. 2. Understanding and Advances The literature being produced today covers the entire field of maintenance, research and new ideas. It can inform you. Let it inform your golfer too. When he walks into the locker room or pro shop, he sees golf magazines—why not golf course magazines? Put them where he can see them, and help yourself in public relations. 3. Taking Advantage of Services. Bernays defined public relations in actual practice as “the engineering of consent.” This means: “Let’s listen to the experts, let’s get some good advice— and let’s get everybody to go along with us.” That long-range program that failed— a public relations job that sprang from using available services was its salvation. When the Green Section’s visiting agronomist and the research director were brought together with the club president and budget chairman, the goals of nine years before were re-established, the facts looked in the face, and the decision—the consent—given to proceed. The services available were used to de­ velop full club realization of the situa­ tion and participation in the goals. I suggest a USGA certificate that a club may display to show that it sub­ scribes to the Visiting Service of the Green Section. The pro has his creden­ tials on the wall, so also the superin­ tendent. Why not the progressive club? 4. The Superintendent of Today What should our public relations be with him? They had better be good. Our golf course is in his hands, and he means to make it the best under any given set of circumstances. He’s trained, he’s businesslike, he knows the value of re­ search and of down-to-earth experience. He’s a bookkeeper—and a leader. He sup­ ports the educational approach with scholarship funds—and jobs. He’s more alert than we are to the value of public relations. To this new atmosphere, what can we contribute in return? Let’s put our superintendent on the clinic level. It would be a public relations theme— why the new mower will do a faster, better and less costly job; why the turf nursery; why a fairway was knocked down with chemicals; why maintenance can’t wait for players in humid August; why the tiling under the new greens, and why their materials went to a laboratory to determine the best mix. I see a confident new breed in the maintenance business—men who can stand up and inform, and interest, and win over the golfer’s support. When he answers the players’ thousand whys, they will be less likely to say: “What are THEY doing now?” 5. Balancing Desire and Resources. Here we are really in the middle. The superintendent has his desires, the player has his; no club can buy beyond its means. Budget and program are the problem. When it comes to the dollar and the golf course, let’s sell the superin­ tendent to the board as an expert on costs and labor and time-saving methods and machinery. And let’s present the 30 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 player’s side—a summary of his com­ plaints and, what is really the same thing, his desires. And then you may want to duck, for public relations probably can only soften, not block, the punch. As long as clubs have dues and treasurers, budget time will be a tough time. 6. Preparing for the Future Green chairmen come and go—or they may stay forever. Some clubs limit the possible term, others have had one-man control through the years. One may side­ track an interested man and lose con­ tinuity. The other may develop an iron hand. What can public relations do here? Every chairman and every superin­ tendent should spread the ideas and ideals of the business. Inform the players and make recruits. Spread the gospel of research, the business approach and re­ sults. Talk nematodes, not megatons, in the locker room. Show off the nursery and post the superintendent’s bulletins and the agronomist’s reports. On the wider fairway of training and research, it’s the second shot to the dis­ tant green that counts. Scholarships are not all athletic, and not every caddie who steals a swing behind the tee dreams of winning the Open. Many of them, like the traditional paper carrier, are going to be business and professional men. Some of them can and should be directed into the expanding field of turf. A bit of public relations when a boy replaces his first divot may be the starter. Now I want to offer an idea I think would qualify as profitable public rela­ tions, for the Green Section, for a school, for superintendents and for industry. Let a student agronomist bound for a career in turf management be placed in residence at a typical course needing, and using, the Visiting Service of the Green Section. He would observe and re­ port factually on basic conditions that demanded correction, on the obstacles encountered, on the practices followed and the success obtained. Such a study might profit us all. Public relations can help us make a better business out of golf course busi­ ness. And we can be good at it if we try. How To Maintain A Healthy Job Outlook By WILLIAM H. BENGEYFIELD Western Director, USGA Green Section, Garden Grove, Calif. Maintaining a healthy job outlook is almost as important today as main­ taining a proper and well balanced diet. And it is considerably harder to do. His­ tory proves that, under all conditions of war and peace, those people succeed best who form definite ideas of what they are going to do before they start doing it. Unfortunately, no precept is more gener­ ally neglected. In a word, man neglects the development of direction. We drift into situations and find ourselves at the mercy of circumstances. In presenting a paper before an Execu­ tives’ Training Program at the Menninger Foundation, Dr. William C. Menninger recommended several points that are essential in maintaining a healthy job outlook. He recommended that everyone set aside a little time, at least once a year, to decide where he is going, what are his priorities, what are his ambitions and what are his aspirations. Unless we do this in quiet thought, how can anyone know where he is headed or if the path he is taking is the one that he wishes to follow? This should not only pertain to our business life, but our personal and home life. Everyone should take stock of his own feelings of status, worthwhile­ ness in life and his own dignity and his own integrity. The importance of developing an avo­ cation as well as taking an annual vaca­ tion should not be overlooked when con­ sidering good mental health. How many times have you heard the poor fellow de­ scribe his business life by saying he hasn’t had a vacation for the past five years? And he says this as if it were a virtue. This only reflects bad judgment or poor planning on his part. Similarly, every man’s life will be much richer if he develops some hobbies and a lot richer if he takes them seri­ ously. In the back country of Louisiana USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 31 they have a bit of philosophy and express it this way: “If you are too busy to hunt or fish, then you are just too busy.” Questions for Ones Self Dr. Menninger presented a number of guestions that he would want to ask any business man when giving him an emo­ tional checkup. The first is concerned with personal relationships. How do you get along with other people? Whom do you like and whom don’t you like and why? When the going gets rough in a particular situation, do you lose your temper, become jittery or paralyzed? How do you handle reality at its more difficult moments? In today’s business world, everyone experiences anxiety and emotional un­ easiness. Dr. Menninger asks how you handle yourself when you are under pressure and feel some tension. What do you do about it? If there is an emo­ tional problem, are you willing to admit it and seek help? Many people will not do this and they attempt to bull it through, procrastinate and they help neither themselves nor their work. Inquire About New Things After we have taken a good look at ourselves and developed a sense of direc­ tion, the next step in developing a healthy job outlook is to acquire the ability to become inquisitive; to acquire the ability to learn new things. Harvey Ullman once said “anyone who stops learning is old, whether this happens at 20 or 80. Anyone who keeps on learning not only remains young, but becomes constantly more valuable regardless of physical capacity.” The fact that learning is a science, based on well defined principles and axioms, never occurs to most of us. It isn’t hard to learn, but very few try. If you sit down in your easy chair and read a book on how to play golf, then pro­ ceed about your regular business for the next few days without referring to what you have read, your golf game will im­ prove little, if at all as a result of your reading. Unfortunately, most people think that learning is a process of absorption, an automatic result of reading or listen­ ing. If you simply read or listen to some­ thing, you are largely wasting your time or only entertaining yourself. You are not learning. Lee Record, a graduate of Colorado State University, has joined the staff of the Eastern Region’s Green Section. This of­ fice serves Green Section Visiting Service clubs in the Mid Atlantic and North­ eastern Districts. Mr. Record is a native of Cooperstown, N. Y. Over 2000 years ago, Cicero, the Roman philosopher, said that “Man makes six common mistakes in his life; and one of them is neglecting development and re­ finement of the mind.” What is required when we learn some­ thing? This may sound simple but it carries much more meaning than the mere transfer of facts from a book or lecture to someone’s mind. We have all heard the expresion “he’s an educated idiot.” This is the fellow who has the ability to transmit facts from one loca­ tion (such as a book or lecture) to an­ other location, his mind. But it ends there. No matter how many facts he has, unless he can use those facts effectively in improving his adjustment to his work or to life in general, he has not “learned” anything. We believe a golf course superin­ tendent should be evaluated on the basis of what he can do, not what he knows. But he cannot do a good job unless he puts certain facts to work for him and unless he is willing to continually learn new ways of doing things better. It is when we take new facts and new prin­ ciples and put them to work for us that we have truly “learned.” 32 USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 IT’S YOUR HONOR I Amateur Status <♦) t To The USGA: $ I have just re-read the USGA X Rules of Amateur Status. I suppose T all these rules are the culmination X of many years of attention to the x important subject. And how very X important it is when one considers x the many opportunities that arise to X tempt amateur golfers today. X Without knowing the temptations x and other fringe benefits that could 1 be gained by some pseudo-amateurs, x an inexperienced person might read & into these rules some very harsh measures. But, as a professional for nearly 35 years, it is very gratifying 3 to be part of a game whose ruling body has tried and does try to keep X the status of amateur golf at the pro- £ per level. x X x f <♦> <♦> & I For A World Code Leo Fraser, President Philadelphia Section, PGA Atlantic City Country Club Northfield, N. J. | To The USGA: v I received your letter enclosing a | copy of USGA 1962 Rules of Golf T booklet. I note that Rules 29 and 30 X have been altered and put back to X the original Rules as were laid down X in the 1959 edition. X I am glad the Rules have now be- T come again internationally uniform X in view of the forthcoming World x Amateur Team Championship. S. Takahat a, President 1 f Hirono Golf Club Higashiku, Osaka, Japan X X (NOTE: The World Amateur Team x Championship will be played Oct. X 10-13 at Fuji Golf Course, Kawana, X Japan.) To The USGA: "Golf Rules in Pictures" | | As a golfer, mother of two junior x golfers, chairman of our club’s $ women’s golf association, and an as- x sistant with junior golfers, may I X offer my highest praise for your ex- X cellent new book “Golf Rules in Pic- X tures.” It is as essential for every X home and club as a Rules book in X every golfer’s bag. X Margaret S. Roberts x X Rockville, Md. To The USGA: | I purchased a copy of “Golf Rules t in Pictures,” and I congratulate you. X I think it is the finest thing I have x seen in all my experience in golf, X especially to those of us who are in- x terested in Rules and a better under- X standing of them. X I am sure if this book could be in X the hands of every golfer, there X would be a great deal less occasion X for misunderstanding about Rules. X I think you have made a great con- X tribution to the world of. golf. X F. L. Riggin, Sr. x Port Huron, Mich. X To The USGA: Course Modernization | X Please send me 10 copies of the X Journal and Turf Management issue X X of April 1962. Our club is planning a moderniza- X tion program under the direction of X a Chicago architect and the article X in the April issue is most informa- X tive and timely. X Thank you. x R. L. Mitenbuler X Tripoli Golf Club & Milwaukee, Wise. $ (NOTE: Reference is made to X “Course Modernization” by Geoffrey X X S. Cornish.) USGA JOURNAL AND TURF MANAGEMENT: JUNE, 1962 33 USGA OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN OFFICERS PRESIDENT John M. Winters, Jr., Tulsa, Okla. VICE-PRESIDENTS Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. SECRETARY Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn. TREASURER Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The above officers and: Fred Brand, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. William C. Campbell, Huntington, W. Va. Robert F. Dwyer, Portland, Ore. Edward L. Emerson, Boston, Mass. Edwin R. Foley, San Francisco, Calif. Robert K. Howse, Wichita, Kans. Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III. Eugene S. Pulliam, Indianapolis, Ind. Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla. GENERAL COUNSEL Philip H. Strubing, Philadelphia, Pa. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Joseph C. Dey, Jr., New York, N. Y. ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: P. J. Boatwright, Jr. USGA HEADQUARTERS "Golf House", 40 East 38th Street, New York 16, N. Y. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN RULES OF GOLF: Wm. Ward Foshay, New York, N. Y. CHAMPIONSHIP: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. AMATEUR STATUS AND CONDUCT: Philip H. Strubing, Philadelphia, Pa. IMPLEMENTS AND BALL: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. MEMBERSHIP: Edwin R. Foley, San Francisco, Calif. WOMEN'S: Mrs. Henri Prunaret, Natick, Mass. SECTIONAL AFFAIRS: Eugene S. Pulliam, Indianapolis, Ind. PUBLIC LINKS: Fred Brand, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. HANDICAP: Clarence W. Benedict, White Plains, N. Y. HANDICAP PROCEDURE: Herman M. Freydberg, New York, N. Y. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Robert K. Howse, Wichita, Kans. SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Harold A. Moore, Chicago, III. GIRLS' JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP: Mrs. John Pennington, Buffalo, N. Y. SENIOR WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIP: Mrs. Theodore W. Hawes, Summit, N. J. MUSEUM: Edward L. Emerson, Boston, Mass. BOB JONES AWARD: Henry H. Russell, Miami, Fla. FINANCE: Hord W. Hardin, St. Louis, Mo. NOMINATING: John D. Ames, Chicago, III. PUBLIC INFORMATION: Bernard H. Ridder, Jr., St. Paul, Minn. USGA GREEN SECTION EASTERN REGION Northeastern Office: 814 Raritan Ave., Highland Park, N. J. Alexander M. Radko, Director, Eastern Region Raymond E. Harman, Northeastern Agronomist Charles E. Croley, Northeastern Agronomist Lee Record, Northeastern- Agronomist Southeastern Office: P. O. Box 4213, Campus Station, Athens, Ga. James B. Moncrief, Southeastern Agronomist Southwestern Office: Texas A. and M. College, College Station, Tex. Dr. Marvin H. Ferguson, Director, Mid-Continent Region and National MID-CONTINENT REGION Research Coordinator Holman M. Griffin, Southwestern Agronomist Mid-Western Office: Room 241, LaSalle Hotel, Chicago 2, III. James L. Holmes, Mid-Western Agronomist Western Office: P. O. Box 567, Garden Grove, Calif. William H. Bengeyfield, Director, Western Region WESTERN REGION