Bulletin of the Green Section of the U. S. Golf Association Vol. VI Washington, D. C., January 16, 1926 No. 1 A MONTHLY PERIODICAL TO PROMOTE THE BETTERMENT OF GOLF COURSES CONTENTS Page The Golf Course Water Supply.................................................................................... 2 Bent Grass and Lime...................................................................................................... 2 Artistic Sand Bunkers..................................................................................................... 2 Controlling Goose Grass or Silver Crab Grass.......................................................... 4 Killing Weed Seeds in Loam by Baking—Frederic C. Hood.................................. 5 Multiple Tees; Their Architecture and Maintenance.............................................. 7 Sewage Disposal on the Golf Course............................................................................ 8 Controlling Velvet Grass................................................................................................ 8 The Natural Use of Sand—Max H. Behr.................................................................... 10 Controlling Skunks.......................................................................................................... 11 Some U. S. Golf Association Decisions on the Rules of Golf................................ 13 Gorse and Broom............................................................................................................ 14 Controlling the June Beetle.......................................................................................... 15 Earthworms, Grubs, and Rich Soil.............................................................................. 16 Questions and Answers........................................................................ 16 Boost the Green Section.................................................................................................. 20 List of Member Clubs of the Green Section.............................................................. 21 MEMBERS OF THE GREEN COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION V. Piper, Chairman, P. O. Box 313, Pennsylvania Avenue Station, Washington, D. C. 5; A’ \AKLEY- Vice-Chairman, P. O. Box 313, Pennsylvania Avenue Station, Washington, D. C. W. A. Alexander, Corn Exchange Building, Chicago, III. Eberhard Anheuser, care of Anheuser-Busch, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. *H. Y. Barrow, 47 West St., New York, N. Y. A. C. U. Berry, Selling Building, Portland, Oreg. Wm. F. Brooks, 1100 Builders’ Exchange, Minneapolis, Minn. C. B. Buxton, care of H. L. Edwards & Co., Dallas, Tex. N. Stuart Campbell, 13 Market Square, Providence, R. I. Wm. C. Fownes, Jr., 313 Sixth Avenue. Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter S. Harban, 2101 Wyoming Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. Thos. P. Hinman, 515 Fourth National Bank Building, Atlanta, Ga. A.. J. Hood, Penobscot Building. Detroit, Mich. Frederic C. Hood, Watertown, Mass. Norman Macbeth, 800 Corporation Building, Los Angeles, Calif. E. J. Marshall, Spitzer Building, Toledo, Ohio. *H. K. Read, 508 Harrison Bldg., Philalelphia, Pa. Sherrill Sherman, 516 John Street, Utica, N. Y. Frederick Snare, Country Club de la Habana, Apartado 1267, Havana, Cuba. James L. Taylor, 777 Carroll Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. ♦Wynant D. Vanderpool, 766 Broad Street, Newark, N. J. Alan D. Wilson, 321 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Frank L. Woodward, 1357 Wiliams Street, Denver, Colo. •Executive Committee member. K. F. Kellerman, Washington, D. C. W. R. Walton, Washington, D. C. ADVISORY MEMBERS F. H. Hillman, Washington, D. C. James D. Standish, Jr., Detroit, Mich. Published by the Green Committee of the United States Golf Association at Room 7213, Building F, 7th and B N. W., Washington, D. C. Address all MAIL to P. O. Box 313, Pennsylvania Avenue Station. Washington, D. C. Send TELEGRAMS to Room 7213, Building F, 7th and B N. W„ Washington, D. C. Subscription Price: To golf clubs that are members of the Green Section of the U. S. Golf Association, $4.00 per year (included in membership fee). Entered as second-class matter December 16, 1921, at the postofiice at Washington, D. C.. under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1926, by the Green Committee of the U. S. Golf Association. 2 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i The Golf Course Water Supply Water from springs or wells is generally available on most golf courses, often in quantity sufficient for watering putting greens, and practically always in quantity sufficient for kitchen and drinking purposes. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1448, “Farmstead Water Supply,” may be obtained upon application to the Office of Publications, De­ partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. It discusses sources of supply of surface and spring water, the building and use of cisterns, the digging and driving of wells, filters, disinfection of drinking water, cleaning wells, pumps, hydraulic rams and other means of raising water, storage of water, and water softening and iron re­ moval. Bent Grass and Lime The following report on experiments with liming grass land in England is copied from The Estate Magazine (London), October, 1925, page 770. Notwithstanding that the results announced in the report apply primarily to quantity of hay or pasturage yield, they are also applicable, nevertheless, to the problem of turf production. “The liming of agricultural land is often advised indiscriminately as though it were certain to do good in all circumstances. Ap­ parently this is by no means the case where grass land is concerned. Dr. Brenchley, of the Rothamsted Experiment Station, has found that the action of lime is apt to be very variable under different con­ ditions, depending very much on the manurial treatment given in addition. In the course of long-continued experiments on grass land on heavy loam at Rothamsted, it has been found that with dung only the use of lime in heavy or light dressings caused a reduction in yield of both first and second crops, and no marked change in the com­ position of the herbage. With dung and artificials a light dressing of lime brought about a substantial increase in the first crop, which far more than counter-balanced a certain decrease in the aftermath. The character of the herbage was greatly improved. Heavy liming did not cause the marked increase in the first crop nor so much re­ duction in the second; but bent grass and tall oat grass were con­ siderably reduced. * * * ” Artistic Sand Bunkers In the illustrations on the opposite page the bunkers appear very natuial, just like sand which has drifted into the low places. It takes a real artist to create such pleasing effects. On many golf courses the sand bunkers are merely holes in the ground, usually kidney shaped or clam-shell shaped. Too often the sand is wholly hidden, as if the architect were ashamed of his work. In the bottom view the extent of the sandy area surrounding the green is sufficient to create the impression that the sandy waste has resulted naturally from the erosive action of wind. The illustrations are from a new course in southern California and the builders are deserving of much credit. January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 3 Artistically designed sand bunkers. 4 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i Controlling Goose Grass or Silver Crab Grass This is a weedy grass which, uncontrolled, is capable of doing great damage in putting greens. Fortunately, however, its control is a simple matter if promptly and intelligently undertaken. It is a very common weed throughout the country, occasioning trouble in the South the year round, and in the North in summer. Experi­ mental work with fertilizers indicates that it will disappear under the use of acid-reacting fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, but that its spread is encouraged by the use of most of the other common turf fertilizers. The effects of the various fertilizers on goose grass have been reported in the articles beginning on page 50 of the Bulletin, March, 1925, and page 269 of the Bulletin, December, 1925. Goose grass is readily distinguished by its flattened, compressed form, tightly hugging the ground, and by its tough, flattened, silver- A young- plant of goose grass (Eleusine indica). colored stems radiating from a common center. It is also known as yard grass, wire grass, and silver crab grass. Charcoal as a topdressing.—We have never been able to see any beneficial results from the use of charcoal as a topdressing. Cer­ tainly it is of no value as a worm eradicator. The best that can be said for it is that it does no harm. Covering compost piles.—A covered pit is preferable to an open pit for keeping compost. Where a compost pit or pile is exposed to the weather there is always considerable loss caused by rains and other agencies. Yet a covered pit makes it possible to keep a compost pile in the proper stage of moisture, as it is necessary to keep the compost always fairly moist in order to promote the proper rotting. A covered shed or pit moreover enables the greenkeeper to work with the material at times when it would be too wet to work in the open. January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 5 Killing Weed Seeds in Loam by Baking By Frederic C. Hood It may interest greenkeepers to learn of the method used by the Kittansett Club, Marion, Mass., for killing the weed seeds in top­ dressing for greens. Compost heaps made of manure and loam have been considered safe to use by many clubs if the compost pile was allowed to rot for two or three years, perhaps with the thought that the heat generated by the manure would kill weed seeds. It may, however, be that sufficient thought has not been given to the elimina­ tion of weed seeds in other kinds of topdressing. The foolishness of topdressing greens with any soil or compost mixture which contains weeds is too obvious to discuss; so the prob­ lem arises how to kill the seeds before topdressing the green. It is Soil-baking oven for killing weed seeds. much less expensive to kill the seeds before they are sown on the green than to dig the weeds out of the green after the weed seeds have been sown and germinated. The Kittansett Club has solved this problem by constructing a simple soil baker; the accompanying il­ lustration shows the simplicity and inexpensiveness of the baker. A three-sided brick foundation was constructed in an out-of-the- way location on the course, near however to the greenkeeper’s tool­ house and as central as possible. It should be as near to the compost heap and loam pile as practicable. This foundation could be made out of field stones, but is easier to construct out of brick. The sides should be 2% to 3 feet high, about 8 feet long, and 6 feet wide, the walls being 8 inches thick, with a chimney about 4 feet high at the back end. This chimney is necessary to cause a draft so that the wood fire will burn freely. The top of the oven is made of a large sheet or sheets of boiler plate 14, or i/2 inch thick. Any junkyard would have a suitable piece of material for this purpose, which can be bought for a small amount. This plate is supported by several 6 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i 1-inch iron rods spanning the two walls. In order that these rods do not bend when they become red hot, they are supported in the middle by brick piers. A fire is started under the baker, fuel of cord-wood being used or limbs of dead trees which might be trimmed from around the course. If the loam is full of grass roots and other undesirable sub­ stances, it is first necessary to screen the soil through a 1-inch mesh screen. After screening, the loam is piled on top of the baker from 12 to 18 inches thick. During the baking operation the loam should be turned over about three times, which takes about 20 minutes for each batch; this is in order to heat all of the loam uniformly. The loam will begin to steam at 180° to 200° F. After about 15 minutes the loam is shoveled off the oven top into a rotary cylinder screen operated by a hand crank. After passing through the screen the loam is comparatively cold and can be put at once into a small shed for protection against blowing weed seeds and general undesir­ able foreign substances which might get into the baked loam. After cooling, the baked loam can, if needed at once, be spread on the greens, and the balance not needed stored in the shed for future use. It will be interesting to know that weed seeds purposely planted in large quantities in samples of loam before baking, could be seen under a microscope to have burst and charred after the loam had been baked. Samples of this loam with these seeds were watched, and no weeds sprouted, proving that they had been destroyed by the baking operation. The danger of burning the soil is not as alarm­ ing as one might suppose. Samples of average baked loam and over­ done or burned loam were taken and grass seed sown in it. In both cases the seeds germinated at the same time, and continued to thrive equally well. The same experiment was tried using Washington bent stolons instead of seeds and with equally good results, no difference being apparent in the growing qualities of the loam whether baked or burned. The cost of baking, including all labor costs, should not be over $1 per yard. The cost of constructing the loam baker was as follows: 2 men, one day at 50c an hour.................. $8.00 Iron bars from junk dealer...................... 1.50 Boiler plate from junk dealer.................. 1.50 Cement and brick...................................... 2.00 $13.00 When the loam is very dry there is no objection to sprinkling it with water so as to create steam. We have put seeds in water and heated the water to a temperature at which the seeds open and ap­ parently become destroyed. The temperature at which they are ap­ parently destroyed is around 200° F. In baking they seem to char, and disappear entirely at a temperature less than 220°. No diffi­ culty has been found in germinating grass seeds when the loam has been baked at 250°. Prior to the erection of this soil baker we had made plans for putting steam through our soil, but it was found that the cost of a device for creating steam and handling the soil by this method was considerably in excess of $1,000, while the soil baker was built for $13. All our laboratory experiments showed that the baking de­ January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 7 stroyed the weed seeds just as effectively by means of the steam created in the soil baker as by steam created in a steaming apparatus. The old adage that an “ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” in our opinion applies to the cost of baking the soil for top­ dressing in comparison with the cost of digging out the weeds on the greens. Multiple Tees; Their Architecture and Maintenance The advantages in having a large teeing ground or more than one separate tee for each hole are obvious. It is impossible for any golf architect to lay out a hole having but one small tee which will be fair and satisfactory to all types of golfers. For this reason it is recommended that two and preferably three tees be constructed for each hole. Indeed, this is now being done very commonly. The common practice seems to be to make these multiple tees approxi­ mately 10 yards wide and 15 yards deep and to place them so as to give the different types of golfers a chance to play the shot accord­ ing to the type of hole and the individual ability of the golfer. Furthermore, multiple tees lend themselves better to efficiency in upkeep, in that one tee may be rested and gotten back into shape through natural recovery of the turf while the other tees are in use. If a single tee is used, it should be at least 10 yards wide and 20 yards, or preferably 30 to 40 yards, long. With a single tee of these proportions the driving spaces can be rotated and the advan­ tages of a multiple tee in a measure, though less satisfactorily, can be thus secured. An elevated or raised tee is justified only when it is necessary to secure proper drainage or good visibility. If the ground is well drained it is better, both for architectural reasons and for economy in turf maintenance, to leave the tee on a level with the surround­ ing ground. A tee so constructed can be cut with the fairway mower. Don’t build your tees too small. The wear and tear on the teeing ground is enormous, and the only way in which to have satisfactory teeing turf is to provide ample space. The best turf obtainable is none too good for the tees. In the North this is without doubt creeping bent; and in the South, Ber­ muda grass. The turf nursery should be ample to provide material from which to plant and maintain the tee turf vegetatively; and with proper attention as regards topdressing, fertilizing, rolling, and watering, a satisfactory teeing turf can be maintained at all times with relatively little expense. There is nothing so conducive to bad driving as a scraggly, uneven, bumpy tee. In many cases the aver­ age golfer drives badly because he is forced to play from very un­ satisfactory tees, and the initial effort of his game is automatically destroyed because of the condition of the ground from which he drives. Back numbers of the Bulletin are available to member clubs of the Green Section at 35 cents per copy. The entire 12 numbers for 1925 can be supplied, and of previous years as follows: 1924—all months except January and March; 1923—March and June to No­ vember inclusive; 1922—July, August, October, November, Decem­ ber; 1921—entire volume bound in paper, $2,25. 8 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i Sewage Disposal on the Golf Course The proper disposing of the sewage collecting on a golf course is an important matter. In cities, as a rule, one need give little concern to the sanitary problems involved, as they are taken care of by the municipality. In out-of-town properties, however, the situation is different. There due precaution must be given to the health of the occupants and guests. The occupants of a golf course are not so nu­ merous but that adequate arrangements for the safe disposal of sew­ age may be undertaken by the golf club itself, under proper guidance. The subject is fully treated in Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1227, issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, entitled “Sewage and Sewerage on Farm Homes.” This bulletin of 55 pages, which may be obtained free upon application to the Department, is well illustrated with photographs and plans, contains necessary structural specifications, and discusses in detail the following features of sewage disposal: locating and constructing sanitary outhouses; chemically-treated vaults; liquifying vaults; disinfectants and deodorants; cesspools; kitchen-sink drainage; grease traps; locating and constructing septic tanks; laying of sewer pipe; sewer-cleaning tools; sewage siphons; submerged outlets; distribution fields. Cost data are also given. Bare spots in fairways.—If the spots are large the soil should be scratched and seeded preferably late in August. If the turf is merely thin, much better improvement can be obtained by the use of fer­ tilizers than by any other means. Controlling Velvet Grass Velvet grass is a long-lived perennial occurring throughout the United States except in the Southwest. It is not sufficiently aggres­ sive however to occasion trouble on golf courses except along the Pacific Coast as far south as San Francisco, where it not infrequently occurs as a bad weed in putting greens. Its characteristic pale color and hairiness of foliage make it exceedingly objectionable on putting greens. It is very persistent when once established, and under close cutting spreads by short underground stems. Occasionally single plants will spread over an area 10 feet in diameter. The only cer­ tain way to get rid of the grass is to cut it our bodily, destroy it, and replace with good turf. The effect of acid-reacting fertilizers on velvet grass has not been determined. When found in putting greens, the grass is also likely to occur in the rough on a golf course, and unless it is kept from producing seed in the rough it is likely to spread to the greens at the time of year in which it is producing seed. For this reason it is advisable to keep the grass from seeding wherever it may occur on the course. This can usually be done by a single mowing when the grass is in bloom, although at times a second mowing may be necessary. Velvet grass is known by various common names, including meadow softgrass and, in England, Yorkshire fog; on the northern Pacific coast it is called mesquite, and at times crab grass. January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 9 Velvet grass (Holcus lanatus Linnnpus, Notholcus lanatus Nash): 1. Plant showing habit (about one-fourth natural size); 2, a single panicle (about natural size); 3, a branch with six spikelets (much enlarged) ; 4, a single spikelet (much enlarged). 10 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i The Natural Use of Sand By Max H. Behr Sand is a necessary adjunct to a golf course, but its universal use for the purpose of hazards has rendered us insensible to the fact that, in most cases, it is a foreign element to the character of the surrounding country. Today, when there is an unmistakable tend­ ency toward the creation of beauty of design, and we know, or we ought to know, that our success in achieving this is dependent upon whether our modifications of the ground reveal that undercurrent of natural forces which are forever changing the face of the earth, A sand bunker artificially constructed but with the idea in view of imitating1 the effect that would have resulted had natural forces been in play to produce the bunker. it follows that to throw sand anywhere, simply because somewhere there must be a hazard according to a pre-conceived scheme of things, is not intelligent. Geologically sand has something very definite to say and, if misused, it remains illiterate, and, hence, a disharmonious note in that natural orchestration of the landscape which we are all seeking to create. One does not have to be very observing to know to what situa­ tions sand is native. The two principal agents responsible for the movement of soils are currents of air and the erosion of water. In golf architecture it is with the latter that we have most to do. January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 11 The flow of water is governed by the law of gravity—it seeks hollows. And as most of our bunkers are hollows in the ground, we have only to consider that when a hollow becomes filled with water and overflows, a channel is created which in time grows larger until the original hollow ceases to exist as such and becomes the end of a wash or swale. And what is sand but the residue of soils? And what is a residue but something that occupies the bottom of things? Hence sand is a geological sign of erosion. If, then, we are to make our employment of sand appear to be authentic, it should oc­ cupy slightly cup-shaped hollows, which should surface-drain through channels to which artistry must give the illusion of having been eroded. If this is successfully accomplished, then the fact that the hollow is man-made will not obtrude itself upon the golfer’s vision. Where air currents are responsible for the movement of soils (and it is realized that a particle of fine sand is several hundred thousand times larger than a particle of clay), we have that form ©f erosion where all the finer particles of the soil have been blown away leav­ ing behind a residue of sand in flat wastes which, under the continu­ ous urgency of the wind, are transformed into dune-lands. Hence if we are to use sand in great wastes, these should be large enough to create the illusion that erosion has resulted from wind. Golfers who have known no other than artificial courses, where the hand of man is evident upon all sides, will no doubt wonder why there should be any need for the illusion of naturalness in this busi­ ness of using sand. There is, however, a very practical reason. In­ stinctively the golfer knows that his pastime is a contest with the obstacles which nature spreads in his way; and this is proved by the experience that he readily accepts without question all natural hazards no matter how illogical or damnable they may be. But be­ cause an artificial hazard is an evident design to thwart his skill, he argues with it; and should its position not be justified and come to be generally condemned, out it comes. It is not with the sand that the golfer quarrels—he has been educated to accept it as a legitimate hazard,—but with the idea back of its location. And because all artificiality is conducive to thought, it may justly be laid down as an axiom of golf architecture that in the degree the golfer is conscious of design in that degree is it faulty according to the highest tenets of the art. Controlling Skunks These little animals, now valuable for the fur they bear and at the same time objectionable for their depredations in poultry houses and the stench that lingers after they have been prowling about, frequently do considerable damage to golf turf. Grubs are to them a delicate morsel, and in their search for such food they have been known to dig up the turf in spots as large as 5 inches in diameter. There are two methods which have proved effective in ridding land of skunks, namely trapping and poisoning. On account of the restrictions enforced by many States in the use of poison baits, trap­ ping is the preferable method, although poisoning may be the more efficacious. If the use of poisons is contemplated, one should first 12 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i familiarize himself with the local laws relative to the distribution of poisons. Being neither suspicious nor cunning, skunks are easily trapped. A trap of medium size (No. 1) is used, and is best placed along the paths traveled by the skunks to obtain water, or near the openings of their dens. Skunks are often caught in unbaited traps. The head of a fowl, a sparrow, or a dead mouse however makes an excellent bait. The trap should be set lightly (the trigger filed down to fit the notch loosely), and a little light trash (leaves or grass) may be scattered over it with advantage. The bait may be placed on the pan, or a little beyond the trap, or between two traps. The path may be narrowed artificially by setting upright sticks in two con­ verging rows along it, and the trap set in the narrow space. On ac­ count of the value of skunk fur it will pay one to use care in killing the animal when trapped. Among fur-bearing animals, the skunk is second in importance in the United States, being exceeded only by the muskrat in total value of fur produced. The animal, when trapped, may be killed by a quick blow across its back, or strangled with a wire noose attached to a pole. The noose is cautiously low­ ered over the head of the skunk, and by a quick jerk the animal is lifted and strangled. Many trappers, also, drown the skunk. In doing so, a tight box trap is employed for catching the animal, and when one is caught the box is carefully lifted and carried to water of sufficient depth to cover it. If no water is available to drown the animal, it may be killed in the box by carbon disulfid or chloroform. Doubtless, during the open season, arrangements might advanta­ geously be made with trappers to capture as many of the skunks as they can on a golf course. So valuable is the skunk in ridding farm lands of destructive in­ sects that most of the States now have laws protecting the animals by a closed season. If trapping is resorted to one should therefore first carefully familiarize himself with the trapping laws of the vari­ ous States. These are published in Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1469, “Laws Relating to Fur Animals for the Season of 1925-26,” which may be obtained free upon application to the Department of Agri­ culture, Washington, D. C. For poisoning skunks a bait of powdered strychnin is used. Fresh meat of almost any kind will serve well as a bait, although best re­ sults are obtained with fresh pork fat or fresh liver. This is cut into squares of 1 inch, % inch thick, and opened by slitting longitudi­ nally not quite the entire way through the square, leaving a narrow rim uncut to serve as a hinge on which the two severed portions may open like the leaves of a book. The bait is opened and 2 grains (about the size of a small pea) of powdered alkaloid strychnin is placed within. The bait is then closed. In this way no trace of the strychnin need be left on the surface of the bait. Procedure in poi­ soning likely to prove most satisfactory and of least danger to dogs is suggested as follows: About each skunk den or about attracting stations of chicken entrails or fresh meat placed out of the animals’ reach, in favorable locations, expose six or eight dummy or un­ poisoned baits like those later to be used with the poison. After be­ ing exposed two nights the dummy baits should be picked up and poison baits substituted at dens and stations at which skunks have taken the dummies. All of the skunks are likely to be poisoned on January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 13 the first or second nights. The baits left over may then be picked up and destroyed. In using strychnin it is necessary to exercise care to prevent the destruction of valuable animals or birds such as may frequent the course. Therefore, as suggested above, one should not fail first to familiarize himself with the local laws gov­ erning the distribution of poisons. A procedure which has been found to be highly efficacious in ridding land of ground squirrels, woodchucks, and other burrow­ ing animals and which would doubtless prove efficacious in con­ trolling skunks, is the fumigation of their burrows with calcium cyanide. In view of the restrictions in many States with regard to the distribution of poisons, this latter method might very advanta­ geously be adopted on golf courses. Calcium cyanide when exposed to the air generates a gas that is deadly poisonous to animal life of all kinds, and care should be used in handling it to avoid serious or fatal injury. Two or three ounces of calcium cyanide flakes may be placed, by means of a long-handled spoon, well back into each opening of the burrow, and the opening then closed by means of sod and earth. This method should be effective if the animals are in dens in reasonably level, open country. Should failure result from an attempt to fumigate the burrows by placing the calcium cyanide by hand into the openings, a blowing apparatus may be obtained from manufacturers of calcium cyanide by which the chemical may be forced through the burrows in the form of a dust. Some U. S. Golf Association Decisions on the Rules of Golf In playing from the tee the ball rolled off the tee while the stroke was being made, the player half topping the ball and knocking it into a practically unplayable lie. He reteed a ball with a penalty stroke and played the second ball. Was he subject to a penalty? Decision.—Rule 2 under “General and Through the Green” covers the point. The ball was in play when the player struck it, but under the rule there was no penalty stroke added on account of the play being made while the ball was in motion. The player was within his rights to retee the ball and play it if he should decide it was in an unplayable lie under Rule 22. A four-ball foresome playing a match decided to adjust the odds after they had played the first 9 holes. One pair won the 9 by one up. They then gave the losers one-half on the second 9, and this pair won the second 9 through the handicap of one-half hole. The first pair claimed that they won the match by one-half up. They claimed to have won the match by the difference of one-half hole as they won the first 9 by one hole and lost the second 9 by the half­ hole handicap which they allowed the second pair. The second pair claimed that there was no such thing as a half-hole and that as they won the second 9 the match was square. Which is correct? Decision.—The situation you describe is not covered by the Rules of Golf; it must be decided on equity, as it is only a question of mathematics. One side (which we shall call A) was one up at the 9th hole and gave the other side (which we shall call B) a handicap of one-half hole. This therefore left side A one-half hole up. Ap­ parently the last 9 holes were played evenly, which would therefore still leave side A one-half hole up and winners of the match by this 14 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi,No.i fraction. Undoubtedly if the handicap had been one hole the match would have been square. If the handicap had been anything less than one hole it seems that side A would have won by the difference between the fraction given and the one hole. A player’s ball came to rest about one foot under the branches of a bush where the branches lay on the ground and over the ball. To shoot toward the hole the player had to take his stance backed into the bush. To do this he lifted the branches and bent them back, holding them in place with his body while making the shot. In doing so he of course improved his chance to hit the ball. Did he incur an penalty? Decision.—Rule 15 under ‘‘General and Through the Green” covers this point. The player is entitled to take his stance under the conditions mentioned in the best possible manner that he can without breaking anything fixed or growing and without bending any fixed object more than necessary in order to take his stance. If the player in bending branches improved his chance to hit at the ball he infringed the above rule. Gorse and Broom The following additional information on these two shrubby plants is contributed by Mr. Leonard Biles, golf professional, The Home­ stead, Hot Springs, Va., reference being made to the article on the subject appearing in the Bulletin, December, 1925, page 283: “In 1914, after a visit to England, I brought back with me 1 pint of gorse seeds. At that time I was connected with and had charge of the course of the Sleepy Hollow Country Club, at Scar- borough-on-the-Hudson. I picked out what I thought to be a good and suitable spot and planted these seeds myself. They made fine headway all through the summer and fall, each plant averaging 8 or 9 inches in height, and looking healthy and strong. In order to protect them through the winter I put a light covering of hay around the roots and part way up the plants. The first winter I lost over 75 percent of the plants, and the ones that were left made no head­ way the following summer and died the following winter. Two years later, when I was constructing the course for the Wianno Club, on Cape Cod, Mass., I again tried it, but met with no success, the plants there all dying the first winter. I had hoped, on the lighter soil on Cape Cod, which more nearly approaches the soil conditions on which this plant apparently thrives in Great Britain, to get good results; but the winter seems too hard for it. It states in your articles that gorse occurs on the Atlantic coast from the vicinity of Nantucket Island southward to Virginia. I would say that I never saw it on Cape Cod, which is close to Nantucket Island. I know the coast of Virginia very well, and I can not say that I ever saw whins, as the plants are called in Scotland (gorse or furze, in England), anywhere along the coast. Broom grows prolifically on the Virginia coast, and there are a number of varieties of it, which possibly may be mistaken for gorse; but as foi' gorse such as we used to hack at with niblicks as kids in the Old Country, I must say I have never seen the true variety on this side of the Atlantic.” January 16,1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 15 [Whin occurs naturalized in Nova Scotia and from southeastern Massachusetts to Virginia; broom is naturalized on Nantucket Island and south to Virginia.—Editors.] Controlling the June Beetle The following information on the control of the June beetle, sub­ mitted under date of December 16, 1925, by Mr. DeWitt Gallaher, of the Kanawha Country Club, Charleston, West Virginia, should prove of value to clubs troubled with this pest. Mr. Gallaher writes: “A great many of the golf clubs in this section have gone through a most disastrous season of grub worms. From all I have heard and seen, each one of these clubs had worse experience than we did dur­ ing the 1924 season, which was most discouraging. At the Kanawha Country Club during the past season this pest caused us less annoy­ ance than anything else we had to contend with. Our greenkeeper informs me that during the entire season there were not more than 200 instances where the grub manifested its presence; in fact, we were almost immune. I can not state what brought about this for­ tunate condition. I have given this considerable thought, but am no nearer the solution. In every previous season we were annoyed by this pest, each season seeming to be worse. Any theory as to our success in 1925 is enlightened by the following facts: “During that year we carried out three treatments to our greens that had heretofore never been prosecuted. These were: (1) killing June bugs during June and July; (2) combating brown-patch with mercuric chlorophenol and occasional Bordeaux; (3) a vigorous cam­ paign of topdressing. “Our offensive against the June bug during June and July* killed about 5,000 of them, for which we paid the caddies i/» cent apiece. In this connection it was interesting to observe that the rich soil on the approaches to the greens was fairly infested with grub worms during August and September. “Our brown-patch control was very successful. We began the use of the mercuric compound the last of June, and used during the entire season only 200 pounds of this. We used two or three pounds to a green every 30 days, applying it in a large quantity of water. We observed during the entire season only ten or twelve small brown patches, which gradually recovered. A much larger number of large brown patches occurred, and we immediately used Bordeaux on them with great success. “You may recall that last spring we submitted to you specimens of our turf and you advised frequent topdressings with a large con­ tent of sand. We topdressed faithfully every three weeks with about a yard of mixture to a green. At the beginning of the season we used a mixture consisting of one-half sand, but toward the end of the season this was almost 80 percent. This practice improved the texture of the grass one hundred percent, eliminating entirely the coarse runners of bent which persisted in staying on top of the grass instead of under the grass. “There is no doubt that our greens were built with too much humus content, thereby making them attractive to the grub. Your examination of our turf last spring bore this out.” ♦ For detailed information on the character of the campaign conducted by the Kanawha Country Club, see the Bulletin, August, 1925, page 173. 16 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE vol. vi, no. i Earthworms, Grubs, and Rich Soil By rich soil in this case is meant soil containing much organic matter, particularly humus and manure. In such soil earthworms and grubs are most abundant. All animal life must have organic matter available in some form to sustain life, differing in this respect from plants, which are able to subsist alone on the inorganic contents of the soil when they have access also to light, air, and water. The attraction of rotted manure to earthworms and grubs is readily noted on golf courses. Much therefore can be done in controlling these pests by the use of inorganic fertilizers alone, particularly ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. The evidence seems to indicate that fine turf can be maintained by the use of inorganic fertilizers alone. Of course there is no way known by which the organic con­ tent of a soil can be extracted in a single operation without destroy­ ing the growing turf. Steam sterilization and baking of soil will destroy the vegetable and animal life in the soil, but will not remove the organic matter unless sufficient heat is applied to reduce the organic compounds to pure carbon. This is a feature which may well be borne in mind in the matter of fertilizing turf, but especially so in the matter of preparing soil for growing new turf. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS All questions sent to the Green Committee will be answered in a letter to the writer as promptly as possible. The more interesting of these questions, with concise answers, will appear in this column each month. If your experience leads you to disagree with any answer given in this column, it is your privilege and duty to write to the Green Committee. While most of the answers are of general application, please bear in mind that each recommendation is intended specifically for the locality designated at the end of the question. 1. Improving poor fairway turf.—Three of our fairways have large areas which are entirely bare, and on the remaining 15 fair­ ways there is about a 25-percent stand of Kentucky bluegrass. The soil is very poor, which is doubtless the reason for the bad condition of the turf. It is our purpose thoroughly to renovate the turf this season, if it can be done, and we are requesting that you outline a program which we can follow with hopes of success. (New York.) Answer.—We would recommend that you thoroughly disk manure at once into the bare areas to which you refer, then smooth the sur­ face with a spike-tooth or chain harrow, then sow a mixture of equal parts of Kentucky bluegrass and redtop seed at the rate of 150 pounds to the acre, then cover the seed with a weeder or light harrow, and then roll. On the remaining fairways, on which there is about a 25-percent stand of bluegrass, we would recommend that you apply bone meal to these at the rate of about 300 pounds to the acre, then sow a mixture of equal parts of Kentucky bluegrass and redtop seed at the rate of 100 pounds to the acre, then cover the seed and bone meal with a weeder or light harrow, and then roll. After the new growth of grass is well established, you can hasten its January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 17 development considerably by applications of ammonium sulfate. In this you should be guided by developments, but it will probably be well for you about April 15, and again about May 15, to apply about 125 pounds of ammonium sulfate to the acre, mixing and applying it with sand in order to obtain an even distribution, as if it is dis­ tributed unevenly burning will result in places. If the ammonium sulfate is applied in cool weather, and especially shortly before rains occur, no burning of the grass will result. If applied in warm weather, however, the grass is liable to be burned. If water is avail­ able it would be advisable to water the ammonium sulfate into the soil. 2. Rate of seeding Bermuda grass on fairways; fairway grasses for middle latitudes.—We shall seed about 50 acres of fairways this spring and have obtained a good price on 10,000 pounds of Bermuda grass seed for the purpose. Before placing the order we should appreciate any advice you are in position to give. (Virginia.) Answer.—There is some doubt whether Bermuda grass will be satisfactory as far north as your latitude. In our judgment the best grasses for your fairways would be a mixture of 4 parts Ken­ tucky bluegrass and 1 part redtop sown at the rate of 100 pounds per acre. Bermuda grass seed is very fine and is sown for pasture purposes at the rate of 5 pounds per acre. For fairway purposes 30 pounds of Bermuda seed per acre would be heavy seeding. If you wish to try Bermuda grass alone on your fairways, for your 50 acres of fairway 1,500 pounds of seed should be ample. We would advise you to try the Kentucky bluegrass and redtop mixture. 3. Controlling Poa annua.—What is the best method of controlling Poa annua? (New York.) Answer.—The only certain way to get rid of Poa annua in a putting green is to weed the plants out by hand in early spring before they have had a chance to make seed. If you do not do this it is sure to spread in your greens and make trouble. One club reports that it has rid its greens of Poa annua and kept them clean by the constant use of ammonium sulfate. We have not experimented with this, however, and therefore can only offer it to you as a suggestion. 4. Use of muck in building new greens.—We have an unlimited supply of muck in a piece of swamp land on our course. We are building 7 new greens, which are already contoured, and 6 inches of fairly good top soil has been placed on top. We are planning to cover this top soil with a seed bed composed of a 3-inch mixture of 60 percent muck and 40 percent sand. The muck and sand will first be screened. We have used this method before and it has pro­ duced wonderful results, but we would nevertheless like to have your opinion with regard to our plans. (New York.) Answer.—We hesitate to object to your plans inasmuch as you have followed them previously with good results. As a better plan we would favor the working of the muck, unscreened, thoroughly into the soil by the use of a team and disk-harrow, and the use of manure in conjunction with it. Muck in itself is generally very poor in im­ mediately available plant food, and it decays very slowly. On our experimental grass plots we can still find muck in the original con­ 18 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i dition that it was in when we applied it 6 years ago. Furthermore, muck is a very light material, consisting mainly of vegetable matter, and dries out quickly when spread on a green, so that a good deal of it blows away. In our opinion a heavy rain would be sure to wash the bulk of the material off the green. 5. Putting turf of bluegrass and clover.—Our course is located be­ tween two rivers. We have a clay soil to contend with, with lime­ stone formation underlying, which gives splendid bluegrass fair­ ways, but we have had poor success indeed in obtaining first-class putting greens. We have tried various grasses for putting greens, such as redtop, fescue, and bent, but none of these grasses seem to thrive in our soil and climate. Last fall we seeded one of our poorest greens to clover, and this year it is one of the best greens on the golf course. Some of our members, however, seem to question the use of clover for putting green purposes, offering the objection that it burns out in midsummer and also gets coarse and stubbly. Do you recommend the use of clover for putting greens? Will clover give first-class results by itself, or should it be mixed with any other grasses? (Kentucky.) Answer.—Offhand we do not see how it could be any more difficult to grow bent greens in your locality than it is here at Wash­ ington, where we have admirable success either by seeding or by the vegetative method. Redtop always makes poor greens and is not to be recommended except as a temporary expedient. Fescue in our vicinity is not a success and we are sure would not be under your conditions. We should urge you to try, on an experimental plot, further work with the bents, with which it seems to us you ought to succeed. Clover alone makes very slow greens, and we have never been able to keep a patch of pure clover, although we have planted areas vegetatively, but the clover does not hold. Bluegrass and white clover together make a fairly good green, and there is no question whatever that these will succeed with you. They are not of the high type of bent greens, but are satisfactory. We would therefore recommend that you use bluegrass and clover for your greens and continue in an experimental way to work with bent to see if you can make it succeed. Do not attempt to grow greens of clover alone, as we are sure they will not prove satisfactory to you. 6. Effect of heavy machinery on soil.—We have been using a very heavy tractor for pulling our mowing equipment. We find a number of clubs are changing to the use of lighter tractors. Do you consider the use of heavy machinery to be injurious to turf? (Tennessee.) Answer.—We believe that the superior advantages of lighter tractors have been exaggerated. It is true that the use of very heavy machinery is injurious to turf on heavy soils, but on lighter soils it is rare that any injury occurs. Turf must be sufficiently rolled in some manner so that the soil becomes firm enough to prevent heel prints being made. We think there is no question but that soil should be compacted at least to that extent; whether it should be still more solidly compacted is a question about which opinions differ. 7. Value and use of sewage disposal refuse as a fertilizer.—We are offered by our local reduction plant the residue from drying out January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 19 garbage. This is a very fine powder and it seems as though there ought to be considerable fertilizer value to it. Have you any knowl­ edge as to whether this would be good to apply with topdressing on putting greens? We can get this material for simply the cost of hauling it. (Ontario.) Answer.—The chief objection to the use of dried organic fer­ tilizers of all kinds, including commercial humus and animal manure, is their inert character. It is hard for them to absorb moisture and thus decompose and become readily available plant food. Further­ more, if the material is also pulverized, much of it is lost by being blown away, which will occur even after the material has been wetted and dried out again. Another point that should be con­ sidered, especially in connection with the use of sewage disposal, is that of sanitation, and authority from the local board of health should be obtained before an attempt is made to use the material. If it is decided to use the material we believe it can be used to best advantage by composting it for at least a year and using the com­ post as topdressing. In any event it can not be expected to take the place of fertilizers high in quickly available nitrogen, such as am­ monium sulfate or ammonium phosphate, which are particularly desirable for use on putting green turf and which produce the acid condition of soil so necessary in the control of weeds. 8. Using a creeping bent nursery over one year old.—Are creep­ ing bent stolons in a nursery two years old as suitable for planting purposes as stolons in a nursery one year old? Last spring we put in a rather large creeping bent nursery but were unable to make use of the stolons from the nursery in the fall. Would the stolons from this nursery be all right to use next fall? (Minnesota.) Answer.—In a creeping bent nursery over a year old the growth in the middle of the rows will be found to consist mostly of upright shoots, and not entirely of the creeping stems. It is these creeping stems of creeping bent which are needed for best results in vegeta­ tive planting of putting greens. It is for this reason that we advise against the use of stolons from a nursery over one year old if a club can arrange to plant its nursery anew each year. It will how­ ever be found that the margins of the nursery rows, unlike the middle of the rows, will consist almost entirely of creeping stolons. You should therefore be able to obtain good planting stock by making use of only the margins of the rows, discarding the middle portion. 9. Rate of application of bone meal and mowrah meal; weeds from creek water.—How is the best way to apply bone meal, and what quantity per green; also mowrah meal and quantity per green ? Should these be applied to the greens before the topdressing or after the topdressing? Is there any danger, in using creek water, of introducing seeds of weeds or marsh grasses to the greens? (Wis­ consin.) Answer.—In applying bone meal all that is necessary is to scatter it as evenly as possible over the green at the rate of 10 to 15 pounds per 1000 square feet; it never burns the grass. Mowrah meal is applied at the rate of 15 pounds per 1000 square feet and is then watered in with a hose. These applications can be made either 20 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i before or after topdressing. We do not consider creek water a serious menace as regards the weed problem. The great majority of the weeds that might be introduced with creek water could not withstand the close cutting given to putting greens. In the East there are probably only half a dozen troublesome weeds. The weed problem is easily solved if the greens are once freed from weeds by hand-weeding and then watched carefully to see that all weeds are pulled out as they appear. The whole weed nuisance is due to neglect—letting the weeds get a firm foothold before any attempt is made to eradicate them. Bone meal in itself has a tendency to encourage the growth of clover and a number of weeds, while am­ monium sulfate has a marked tendency to discourage them. Our suggestion therefore is that you will get far better results by fertiliz­ ing with ammonium sulfate instead of bone meal. Boost the Green Section On the following 7 pages is printed a list of golf clubs now en­ rolled in the Green Section. The list totals 886 clubs. This is about one-fourth of the total number of clubs in the country. If the Green Section means something to its 886 member clubs, it would mean vastly more if its enrollment were enlarged to include every golf club in the United States and Canada. That would mean an addition of approximately 3,000 clubs to its membership. The Green Section is a cooperative enterprise. The benefits of its services are enhanced as the extent of cooperation is increased. Each member dub of the Green Section is an asset to every other club in the Green Section. It is therefore evident that at present the Green Section is functioning only twenty-five percent of the possibilities. There is a very easy way to increase the Green Section member­ ship. That is, to talk about the benefits that are obtained from it and to urge clubs which are not members to take out membership. Our Bulletin reaches only one-fourth of the golf clubs in the United States. The value of the Green Section is attested by the continued support given to it by its member clubs and its continued slow but certain growth. A sample copy of the February number of the Bulletin will be mailed to every golf club in the United States and Canada which is not a member of the Green Section. It will be addressed, “Chair­ man of the Green Committee.” Now is your chance to boost the Green Section by sending us the names of men connected with non­ member clubs so that we may also write each an individual letter laying before them in detail the benefits of membership in the Green Section. Sample copies of the Bulletin and circulars describing the work of the Green Section are available for distribution, and will be promptly mailed, accompanied by an individual letter, to each address that is sent in to the Washington office. Get busy, Member Clubs, and boost the Green Section! January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 21 Alabama Country Club of Birmingham, Birmingham Arkansas Texarkana Country Club, Texarkana California Annandale Golf Club, Pasadena Belvedere Golf & Country Club, Belvedere Berkeley Country Club, Berkeley Burlingame Country Club, Burlingame California Country Club, Culver City California Golf Club, San Francisco Claremont Country Club, Oakland Contra Costa Golf Club, Crockett Del Monte Golf & Country Club. Del Monte Flintridge Country Club, Pasadena Hillcrest Country Club, Los Angeles Humboldt Golf & Country Club. Eureka La Cumbre Golf & Country Club, Santa Barbara Los Angeles Country Club. Beverly Hills Menlo Country Club. Redwood City Midwick Country Club. Los Angeles Montecito Country Club, Santa Barbara Ojai Valley Country Club, Ojai Olympic Club, San Francisco Presidio Golf Club, San Francisco Rancho Golf Club, Los Angeles Redlands Country Club, Redlands San Francisco Golf & Country Club, San Francisco San Gabriel Country Club, San Gabriel Santa Ana Country Club. Santa Ana Sequoyah Country Club, Oakland Stockton Golf & Country Club, Stockton Victoria Club, Riverside Wilshire Country Club, Los Angeles Colorado Boulder Country Club, Boulder Broadmoor Golf Club. Colorado Springs Cherry Hills Club, Englewood Colorado Springs Golf Club, Colorado Springs Denver Country Club. Denver Lakewood Country Club. Denver Pueblo Golf & Country Club, Pueblo Connecticut Brooklawn Country Club, Bridgeport Country Club of Fairfield, Southport Country Club of Farmington. Farmington Country Club of Waterbury. Waterbury Greenwich Countrv Club, Greenwich Hartford Golf Club. Hartford Highland Country Club, Meriden Manchester Country Club, South Manches­ ter New Haven Country Club, New Haven Race Brook Countrj- Club. Orange Ridgewood Country Club, Danbury Round Hill Club, Greenwich Sequin Golf Club, Hartford Shenecosset Country Club, Groton Shuttle Meadow Club, New Britain Sound Beach Golf & Country Club, Sound Beach Southington Country Club, Southington Tumble Brook Country Club. Hartford Wee Burn Golf Club, Noroton West Hartford Golf Course. Hartford Wethersfield Country Club, Wethersfield Woodway Country Club, Springdale Delaware Du Pont Country Club, Wilmington Newark Country Club, Newark Wilmington Country Club, Wilmington District of Columbia Friendship Golf Club, Washington Florida Belleair Country Club, Belleair Heights Cleveland Heights Golf & Country Club, Lakeland Everglades Club, Palm Beach Gulf Stream Golf Club, Delray Hollywood Golf & Country Club, Hollywood Lakewood Estates Country Club, St. Peters­ burg Miami Beach Golf Club. Miami Beach Miami Municipal Golf Links, Miami Orlando Country Club, Orlando Palm Beach Countrj’ Club, Palm Beach Pensacola Countrj’ Club, Pensacola Royal Park Golf Course, Vero Beach St. Augustine Links, St. Augustine Temple Terraces Country Club, Tampa Useppa Golf Club, Useppa Island Georgia Augusta Country Club, Augusta Capital City Country Club, Atlanta Druid Hills Golf Club, Atlanta Highland Country Club, LaGrange Jekyl Island Club, Brunswick Savannah Golf Club, Savannah Oahu Country Club, Honolulu Hawaii Illinois Aurora Country Club, Aurora Beardstown Country Club. Beardstown Beverly Country Club, Chicago Bob O’Link Golf Club. Highland Park Briergate Golf Club, Deerfield Bryn Mawr Countrj’ Club, Morton Grove Bunker Hill Country Club. Niles Butterfield Country Club. Hinsdale Calumet Country Club, Homewood Champaign Countj’ Countrj’ Club, Cham­ paign Chicago Golf Club. Wheaton Countrj’ Club of Peoria, Peoria Crawford Countj’ Countrj’ Club, Robinson Danville Countrj- Club. Danville Dixon Country Club, Dixon Edgewater Golf Club, Chicago Edgewood Golf Club, LaGrange Elmhurst Golf Club, Elmhurst Evanston Golf Club, Evanston Exmoor Countrj- Club, Highland Park Flossmoor Countrj- Club, Flossmoor Glen Flora Countrj’ Club, Waukegan Glen Oak Countrj- Club, Wheaton Glenview Club. Golf Green Vallej- Countrj- Club. Wheaton Harlem Golf Club, Forest Park Harlem Hills Club, Rockford Hinsdale Golf Club, Hinsdale Idlewild Countrv Club. Flossmoor Illini Countrj’ Club. Springfield Indian Hill Club, Winnetka Joliet Countrj- Club. Joliet Kankakee Countrj- Club, Kankakee LaGrange Countrj- Club. LaGrange Lake Shore Countrj- Club, Glencoe Madison County Countrj- Club. Edwards­ ville 22 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i Mattoon Country Club, Mattoon McHenry Country Club, McHenry Meadow Woods Country Club, Centralia Midland Country Club, Kewanee Midlothian Country Club, Midlothian Mt. Hawley Country Club, Peoria Northmoor Country Club, Ravinia North Shore Golf Club, Glenview Oak Park Country Club, Oak Park Old Elm Club, Fort Sheridan Olympia Fields Country Club, Matteson Onwentsia Club, Lake Forest Ottawa Country Club, Ottawa Park Ridge Country Club, Park Ridge Pekin Country Club, Pekin Pontiac Golf & Country Club, Pontiac Quincy Country Club, Quincy Ravisloe Country Club, Homewood Ridge Country Club, Chicago Ridgemoor Country Club, Norwood Park Riverside Golf Club, Riverside Rockford Country Club, Rockford Rock Island Arsenal Golf, Rock Island St. Clair Country Club, East St. Louis Shewami Country Club, Sheldon Shoreacres Golf Club, Lake Forest Short Hills Country Club, East Moline Sinnissippi-Ingersoll Parks Club, Rockford Skokie Country Club, Glencoe South Shore Country Club, Chicago Sunset Ridge Country Club, Winnetka Urbana Golf & Country Club, Urbana Vernon Ridge Country Club, Deerfield Westmoreland Country Club, Chicago Wright, Harold, Chicago Indiana Auburn Country Club, Auburn Broadmoor Country Club, Indianapolis Christiana Country Club, Elkhart Country Club of Indianapolis, Indianapolis Country Club of LaFayette, LaFayette Country Club of Logansport, Logansport Country Club of Terre Haute, Terre Haute Culver Military Academy, Culver Delaware Country Club, Muncie East Shore Country Club, Culver Elwood Country Club, Elwood Fort Harrison Country Club, Terre Haute Fort Wayne Country Club, Fort Wayne French Lick Springs Hotel Co., French Hazelden Country Club, Brook Highland Golf & Country Club, Indianapolis Kokomo Country Club. Kokomo Miami Country Club, Mishawaka New Albany Country Club. New Albany Richmond Country Club, Richmond South Bend Country Club, Wymans, South Lick Bend Ulen Country Club, Lebanon Valparaiso Golf Club, Valparaiso Wawasee Golf Course, Syracuse Woodstock Club, Indianapolis Iowa Council Bluffs Country Club, Council Bluffs Country Club of Fort Dodge, Fort Dodge Davenport Country Club, Davenport Golf & Country Club, Des Moines Sioux City Country Club, Sioux City Sunnyside Country Club, Waterloo Wakonda Country Club, Des Moines Kansas Fort Leavenworth Officers’ Club, Fort I,eavenworth Hutchinson Country Club Association, Hutchinson Lawrence Country Club, Lawrence Milburn Golf & Country Club, Merriam Topeka Country Club, Topeka Wichita Country Club, Wichita Willowbrook Golf Club, Hutchinson Kentucky Ashland Golf Club, Lexington Bellefonte Country Club, Ashland Bourbon Country Club, Paris Fort Mitchell Country Club, Covington Highland Country Club, Fort Thomas Louisville Country Club, Louisville Twin Oaks Golf Club, Covington Louisiana Broadmoor Golf Club, Shreveport Marine Hospital Golf Club, Carville New Orleans Country Club, New Orleans Shreveport Country Club, Shreveport West End Country Club, New Orleans Maine Augusta Country Club, Augusta Blink Bonnie Golf Club. Sorrento Martindale Country’ Club, Auburn Megunticook Golf Club, Camden Oakdale Country Club, Rumford Penobscot Valley Country Club, Bangor Poland Springs Golf Club, South Poland Portland Country Club, Portland Prouts Neck Country Club, Prouts Neck Maryland Baltimore Country Club, Baltimore Bannockburn Golf Club, Glen Echo Burning Tree Club, Bethesda Catoctin Country Club, Frederick Chevy Chase Club, Chevy Chase Columbia Country Club, Chevy Chase Congressional Country Club, Rockville Cumberland Country Club, Cumberland Elkridge Hunt Club, Woodbrook Fountain Head Country Club, Hagerstown Gibson Island Club, Pasadena Green Spring Valley Hunt Club, Garrison Indian Spring Golf Club, Sligo Maryland Country Club, Baltimore Sherwood Forest Golf Course, Annapolis Suburban Club of Baltimore County, Ar­ lington Town & Country Club, Bethesda Massachusetts Albemarle Golf Club, West Newton Arlmont Country Club, Arlington Heights Bass River Golf Club, South Yarmouth Bass Rocks Golf Club, Gloucester Bellevue Golf Club, Melrose Belmont Spring Country Club, Waverley Berkshire Hills Country Club, Pittsfield Blue Hill Country Club, Canton Brae-Burn Country Club, West Newton Brockton Country Club. Cainpello Charles River Country Club, Newton Centre Chatham Country Club, Chatham Cohasse Country Club, Southbridge Commonwealth Country Club, Chestnut Hill Concord Country Club, Concord Country Club, Brookline Country Club of New Bedford, New Bedford Country Club of Pittsfield, Pittsfield Country Club of Springfield, Springfield Crow Point Golf Club, Hingham Dedham Country & Polo Club, Dedham Janaary 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 23 Essex County Club, Manchester Fall River Country Club, Fall River Framingham Country Club, Framingham Centre Franklin Country Club, Franklin Highland Country Club, Attleboro Iloosic Whisick Club, Ponkapoag Hyannisport Club, Hyannis Kernwood Country Club, Salem Kittansett Club, Marion Kokocache Course, Dover Lake Golf Course, Pittsfield Longmeadow Country Club, Longmeadow Meadowbrook Golf Club, Reading Merrimack Valley Country Club, Lawrence Myopia Country Club, South Hamilton Norfolk Golf Club, Dedham Northampton Country Club, Northampton North Andover Country Club, North Ando­ ver Oak Hill Country Club, Fitchburg Oakley Country Club, Watertown Ould Newbury Golf Club, Newburyport Petersham Country Club, Petersham Plymouth Countrj- Club, Plymouth Pocasset Golf Club. Pocasset Salem Country Club, Salem Segregansett Country Club, Taunton Sharon Country Club. Sharon Taconic Golf Club, Williamstown Tatnuck Country Club, Worcester Tedesco Countrj- Club, Swampscott Tekoa Countrj- Club, Westfield Unicorn Countrj- Club, Stoneham United Shoe Machinery Athletic Association, Boston Vesper Countrj- Club. Lowell Weston Golf Club. Weston Whitinsville Golf Chib, Whitinsville Winchester Countrj- Club, Winchester Wollaston Golf Club, Montclair Woodland Golf Club, Auburndale Woods Hole Golf Club, Falmouth Worcester Countrj- Club, Worcester Wyantenuck Countrj- Club, Great Barring­ Michigan Ann Arbor Golf & Outing Club, Ann Arbor Battle Creek Countrj- Chib, Battle Creek Belvidere Golf Club, Charlevoix Birch Hill Countrj- Club, Detroit Bloomfield Hills Countrj- Club, Birmingham Burt Lake Golf Club, Indian River Cascade Hills Countrj- Club. Grand Rapids Coldwater Country Club, Coldwater Countrj- Club of Detroit, Grosse Pointe Countrj- Club of Lansing, Lansing Detroit Golf Club, Highland Park Detroit Masonic Country Club, Mount Clem­ ens ens Duck Lake Golf Club, Albion Gowanie Golf & Country Club, Mount Clem­ Grosse lie Golf & Countrj- Club, Grosse He Gull Lake Country Club. Richland Hastings Country Club, Hastings Hawthorne Valley Golf Club, Dearborn Highlands Country Club, Grand Rapids Jackson Countrj- Club, Jackson Kent Country Club, Grand Rapids Klinger Lake Country Club. Sturgis Lenawee Countrj- Club. Adrian Lincoln Hills Golf Club. Ludington Lochmoor Club. Grosse Pointe Shores Masonic Countrj’ Club of Western Michi­ gan. Masonic Temple ton Meadowbrook Country Club, Northville Monroe Country Club, Monroe Muskegon Countrj- Club, Muskegon Niles-Buchanan Countrj- Club, Buchanan Oakland Hills Country Club, Birmingham Ot-well-egan Country Club, Allegan Pine Lake Countrj- Club, Pine Lake, Pontiac Plum Hollow Golf Club, Redford Portage Lake Golf Club, Houghton Port Huron Golf & Countrj- Club, Port Huron Rambouillet Golf Club, Walled Lake Redford Countrj- Club, Redford Red Run Golf Club, Royal Oak Saginaw Country Club, Saginaw Wawonowin Golf Club, Ishpeming Minnesota Brainerd Countrj- Club, Brainerd Cloquet Golf Club, Cloquet Country Club, Minneapolis Eshquaguma Club. Gilbert Golden Valley Golf Club, Minneapolis Interlachen Countrj- Club, Hopkins Interlaken Golf Club, Fairmont Lafayette Club, Minnetonka Beach Mankato Golf Club, Mankato Mesaba Countrj- Club, Hibbing Midland Hills Country Club, St. Paul Minakwa Countrj- Club, Crookston Minikahda Club, Minneapolis Minneapolis Golf Club, St. Louis Park Northland Countrj- Club, Duluth Oak Ridge Countrj- Club, Hopkins Ridgeview Golf Club, Duluth Somerset Country Chib, St. Paul Town & Country Club, Merriam Park, St. Paul White Bear Yacht Club. White Bear Winona Country Club. Winona Woodhill Countrj- Club, Wayzata Missouri Algonquin Golf Club. Webster Groves Bellerive Countrj- Club, Normandy Hills, Excelsior Springs Golf Club, Excelsior Normandy Springs Forest Park Golf Chib, St. Louis Glen Echo Countrj- Club, Normandy Kansas City Country Club, Kansas City Kirkwood Country Club. Kirkwood Meadow Lake Country Club, Kansas Citj- Midland Valley Countrj- Club. Overland Moila Golf & Country Club, St. Joseph Normandie Golf Club. Wellston St. Louis Countrj- Club, St. Louis Sunset Hill Country Club, Sappington Nebraska Country Club of Lincoln, Lincoln Eastridge Club, Lincoln Happ.v Hollow Club. Omaha Highland Country Club. Omaha Omaha Countrj- Club. Omaha Omaha Field Club, Omaha New Hampshire Beaver Meadow Golf Club. Concord Coeheeho Countrj- Club, Dover Hanover Countrj- Club. Hanover Lake Tarleton Club, Pike Manchester Countrj- Club. Manchester Mojalaki Country Club, Franklin Nashua Countrj- Club, Nashua Portsmouth Country Club, Portsmouth 24 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE voi.vi.No.i Waterville Valley Association, Waterville Wentworth Hall Golf Club, Jackson New Jersey Asbury Park Golf & Country Club, Asbury Vallej1 Park Baltusrol Golf Club, Baltusrol Beacon Hill Golf Club, Atlantic Highlands Braidburn Country Club, Madison Cohanzick Country Club, Bridgeton Colonia Country Club, Colonia Country Club of Atlantic City, Northfield Deal Golf Club, Deal Echo Lake Country Club. Westfield Elmwood Country Club, Warren Point Englewood Golf Club, Englewood Essex County Country Club. West Orange Essex Fells Country Club, Essex Fells Forest Hill Golf Club, Belleville Glen Ridge Country Club, Glen Ridge Green Brook Country Club, North Caldwell Hackensack Golf Club, Hackensack Hollywood Golf Club, Deal Knickerbocker Country Club, Tenafly Lakewood Country Club, Lakewood Linwood Country Club, Linwood Manasquan River Golf & Country Club, Brielle wick Merchantville Country Club, Merchantville Montclair Golf Club, Montclair Moorestown Field Club, Moorestown Morris County Golf Club, Convent Mountain Ridge Country Club, West Orange Newark Country Club, West Orange New Brunswick Country Club, New Bruns­ North Jersey Country Club, Paterson Norwood Golf Club, Long Branch Oak Valley Country Club, Woodbury Heights Penns Grove Penns Grove-Carneys Point Golf Club, Pine Valley Golf Club, Clementon Plainfield Country Club, Plainfield Ridgewood Country Club, Ridgewood Raritan Valley Country Club, Somerville Riverton Country Club, Riverton Rockaway River Country Club, Denville Roselle Golf Club, Roselle Rumson Country Club, Rumson Seabright Lawn Tennis & Cricket Club, Seabright Seaview Golf Club, Absecon Shackamaxon Country Club, Westfield Somerset Hills Country Club, Bernardsville Spring Brook Country Club, Morristown Springdale Golf Club of Princeton, Prince­ Suburban Golf Club of Elizabeth, Elizabeth Tavistock Country Club, Tavistock Teterboro Golf Club. Hasbrouck Heights Upper Montclair Country Club, Upper Montclair Yountakah Country Club, Nutley ton New York Albany Country Club, Albany Antlers Country Club, Amsterdam Apawamis Club, Rye Ardsley Club, Ardsley-on-Hudson Auburn Country Club, Auburn Bartlett Golf Club, Olean Bedford Golf A Tennis Chib, Bedford Belleclaire Golf & Country Club, Bayside Bellevue Country Club, Syracuse Bellport Country Club, Bellport, L. I, Binghamton Country Club, Binghamton Blind Brook Club, Port Chester Blue Hill Country Club, Orangeburg Bonnie Briar Country Club, Larchmont Briarcliff Country Club, Briarcliff Manor Brookville Country Club, Glen Head, L. I. Century Country Club, White Plains Cherry Valley Club, Garden City, L. I. Coldstream Country Club, Hempstead, L. I. Colonie Country Club, West Albany Country Club, Buffalo Country Club of Ithaca, Ithaca Country Club of Rochester, Brighton Creek Club, Locust Valley Dunwoodie Golf Club, Yonkers Dutchess Golf & Country Club, Poughkeep­ sie Island East Aurora Country Club, East Aurora Elmira Golf & Country Club, Elmira Elmsford Country Club, White Plains Engineers Country Club, Roslyn, L. I. Fairview Country Club, Elmsford Fenimore Country Club, White Plains Fishers Island Club, Fishers Island Fox Hills Golf Club, Stapleton, S. I. Fresh Meadow Country Club, Flushing. L. I. Garden City Country Club, Garden City Garden City Golf Club, Garden City Glens Falls Country Club, Glens Falls Glen Springs, Watkins Goulet, Robert, Chester Governors Island Golf Club, Governors L. I. Grassy Sprain Golf Club, Bronxville Green Meadow Country Club, Harrison Hempstead Country Club, Hempstead Huntington Country Club, Huntington, L. I. Indole Golf Club, Au Sable Forks Inwood Country Club, Inwood, L. I. Irondequoit Country Club, Pittsford Jackson Heights Golf Club, Elmhurst, L. I. Jefferson County Golf Club, Watertown Kishawana Country Club, Brewster Knollwood Country Club, White Plains Lafayette Country Club, Syracuse Lake George Club, Diamond Point Lakeville Golf & Country Club, Great Neck, Lawrence Country Club. Lawrence, L. I. Lenox Hills Golf Club, Farmingdale, L. I. Links Golf Club, Roslyn, L. I. Longue Vue Golf Chib, Hastings on Hudson Mahopac Golf Club, Mahopac Maidstone Club, East Hampton, L. I. McGregor Links, Saratoga Springs Meadow Brook Club. Westbury, L. I. Metropolis Country Club. White Plains Milburn Country Club, Baldwin, L. I. Mohawk Golf Club, Schenectady Monroe Golf Club, Pittsford Moon Brook Country Club. Jamestown Mount Kisco Golf Club, Mount Kisco Nannahagan Golf Club, Pleasantville Nassau Country Club, Glen Cove, L. I. National Golf Links of America, South­ ampton Niagara Falls Country Club. Niagara Falls North Fork Country Club, Cutchogue, L. I. North Hempstead Country Club, Port Wash­ ington. L. I. North Shore Country Club. Glen Head, L. I. Oak Hill Country Club, Rochester Oakland Golf Club, Bayside, L. I. Oak Ridge Golf Club, Tuckahoe Oheka Golf Club, Woodbury, L. I. January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 25 Old Country Club, Flushing, L.^ I. Oneida Community Golf Club, Kenwood Oneida Country Club, Oneida Onondaga Golf & Country Club, Fayetteville Oquaga Lake Country Club, Deposit Orange Country Golf Club, Middletown O-te-sa-ga Golf Course, Cooperstown Owasco Country Club, Auburn Park Club of Buffalo, Buffalo Pelham Country Club, Pelham Manor Piping Rock Club, Locust Valley Pomonok Country Club, Flushing, L. I. Port Chester Country Club, Port Chester Powelton Club, Newburgh Quaker Ridge Golf Club, Mamaroneck Raquette Lake Golf Club, Raquette Lake Richmond County Country Club, Dongan Hills, S. I. Rockaway Hunting Club, Cedarhurst, L. I. Rockefeller, John D„ Pocantico Hills Rockland Country Club, Sparkill St, Albans Golf Club, St. Albans, L. I. St. Andrews Golf Club, Mount Hope St. Georges Golf & Country Club, Stony Brook, L. I. Saranac Inn, Upper Saranac Saranac Lake Golf Club, Saranac Lake Scarsdale Golf Club, Hartsdale Schenectadj’ Boat Club, Schenectady Shelter Rock Country Club, Roslyn, L. I. Shepard Hills Country Club, Waverly Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, Southampton, L. I. ville Sir William Johnson Country Club, Glovers- Siwanoy Country Club, Mount Vernon Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Scarborough Soundview Golf Club, Great Neck, L. I. South Shore Country Club, Buffalo Southward Ho Country Club, Bay Shore, L. I. Liberty Stafford Country Club. Stafford Sullivan County Golf & Country Club, Sunningdale Country Club, Scarsdale Sunset Hill Golf Club, Ossining Teugega Country Club, Rome Timber Point Club, Great River, L. I. Town & Country Club, Lockport Transit Valley Country Club, Buffalo Tuxedo Golf Club. Tuxedo Park University Golf Club, Great Neck, L. I. Waccabuc Country Club, Lake Waccabuc Wanakah Country Club, Buffalo Westbrook Golf Club, East Islip Westchester-Biltmore Country Club, Rye Westchester Hills Golf Club, White Plains Westhampton Country Club, Westhampton Beach, L. I. West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills Wheatley Hills Golf Club, East Williston, L. I. Winged Foot Golf Club, Mamaroneck Wolferts Roost Country Club, Albany Women’s National Golf & Tennis Corpora­ tion, Glen Head. L. I. Woodmere Club, Woodmere, L. I. Wykagyl Country Club, New Rochelle Yahnundasis Golf Club, Utica North Carolina Asheville Country Club, Asheville Biltmore Forest Country Club, Biltmore Charlotte Country Club, Charlotte Elizabeth City Country Club, Elizabeth City Esceola Golf Club, Linville Forsyth Country Club, Winston-Salem Pinehurst Golf Club, Pinehurst Sedgefield Country Club, Greensboro North Dakota Fargo Country Club, Fargo Ohio Acacia Country Club, Cleveland Arlington Country Club, Columbus Ashtabula Country Club, Ashtabula Athens Country Club, Athens Avon Field Golf & Tennis Club, Cincinnati Brookside Country Club, Barberton Brookside Country Club, Canton Canterbury Golf Club, Cleveland Catawba Cliffs Golf Club, Catawba Island, Port Clinton Cedarhurst Country Club, Wickliffe Cincinnati Country Club, Cincinnati Clovernook Country Club, Cincinnati Columbus Country Club, Columbus Columbus Lodge, No. 37, B. P. O. E., Columbus Community Country Club, Dayton Congress Lake Club, Hartville Coshocton Town & Country Club, Coshocton Country Club, Cleveland Country Club, Toledo Dayton Country Club, Dayton Defiance Golf & Country Club, Defiance East Liverpool Country Club, East Liverpool Elmwood Country Club. Massillon Elyria Country Club, Elyria Fairlawn Heights Golf Club, Akron Greenville Country Club, Greenville Hillcrest Country Club, Cincinnati Hyde Park Golf & Country Club, Cin­ cinnati Inverness Club, Toledo Kirtland Country Club, Willoughby Lakewood Country Club, Dover Lorain Country Club, Lorain Losantiville Country Club, Cincinnati Lost Creek Country Club, Lima Madison Golf Lakelands Club, Madison Maketewah Country Club, Cincinnati Marion Country Club, Marion Mayfield Country Club, South Euclid Miami Valley Golf Club, Dayton Napoleon Golf Club, Napoleon Norwalk Country Club, Norwalk Oakwood Club, South Euclid Oberlin Golf Club. Oberlin Portage Country Club, Akron Portsmouth Country Club, Portsmouth Scioto Country Club, Columbus Shaker Heights Country Club, Warrensville Shawnee Country Club, Lima Spring Brook Country Club, Lima Springfield Country Club, Springfield Steubenville Country Club, Steubenville Sylvania Golf Club, Toledo Troy Country Club, Troy Trumbull Country Club, Warren Twin Lakes Golf Club, Kent Urbana Country Club, Urbana Washington Country Club, Washington Court House Westbrook Country Club, Mansfield Western Hills Country Club. Cincinnati Westwood Country Club, Cleveland Willow Bend Country Club, Van Wert Willowick Country Club. Wickliffe Wooster Country Club. Wooster Youngstown Country (Hub, Youngstown Zanesville Golf Club, Zanesville 26 BULLETIN OF GREEN SECTION OF THE Voi.vi.No.i tum Oklahoma Dornick Hills Country Club, Ardmore Enid Country Club, Enid Muskogee Town & Country Club, Muskogee Oakhurst Country Club, Tulsa Tulsa Country Club, Tulsa Oregon Eugene Country Club, Eugene Illahee Country Club, Salem Lake Oswego Country Club, Portland Oregon City Golf Club, Oregon City Tualatin Country Club, Portland Waverly Country Club, Portland Pennsylvania Alcoma Country Club, Wilkinsburg Allegheny Country Club, Sewickley Aronimink Golf Club, Drexel Hill Ashbourne Country Club, Ashbourne Athletic Association of the Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia Bala Golf Club, Philadelphia Beaver Valley Country Club, Beaver Falls Berkshire Country Club, Reading Blairmont Country Club, Hollidaysburg Brackenridge Heights Country Club, Taren­ burgh Brinton Lake Club, Concordville Buck Hill Golf Course, Buck Hill Bucks County Country Club, Langhorne Butler Country Club. Butler Cedarbrook Country Club, Mount Airy Chartiers Heights Country Club, Thornburg Clinton Country Club, Lock Haven Coatesville Country Club. Coatesville Colonial Country Club, Harrisburg Corry Country Club, Corry Country Club of Allegheny County, Pitts­ Country Club of Harrisburg, Harrisburg Countrj’ Club of Lansdowne. Lansdowne Doylestown Country Club, Doylestown Eagles Mere Golf Chib. Eagles Mere Edge Hill Golf Club, Edge Hill Edgewood Country Club, Pittsburgh Elk County Country Club, Ridgway Ellwood Country Club, Ellwood City Fox Chapel Golf Club, Pittsburgh Fox Hill Country Club, Pittston Glen Brook Country Club. Stroudsburg Greene County Country Club, Waynesburg Greensburg Country Club, Greensburg Green Valley Country Club. Philadelphia Greenville Country Club, Greenville Grove City Country Club, Grove City Gulph Mills Country Club, Bridgeport Hannastown Golf Club, Greensburg Highland Country Club, Bellevue Homestead Farm Golf Club, Bethany Huntingdon Valley Country Club, Jenkin­ Irem Temple Country Club, Dallas Kahkwa Club, Erie Kennett Square Golf & Countrj’ Club, Ken­ nett Square Lancaster Countrj' Club, Lancaster Lawrence Park Golf Club. Erie Lebanon Countrj’ Club, Lebanon Longue Vue Club. Verona Lu Lu Temple Countrj’ Club, North Glen- side Manufacturers Countrj- Club. Oreland Marble Hall Links, Barren Hill Meadville Countrj' Club. Meadville Media Heights Golf Club, Lancaster Merion Cricket Club, Haverford town Montour Heights Country Club, Coraopolis Nemacolin Country Club, Beallsville North Hills Country Club, North Glenside North Penn Golf Club, Bradford Oakmont Country Club, Oakmont Old York Road Country Club, Jenkintown Overbrook Golf Club, Overbrook Park Hills Golf Course, Altoona Pennsylvania Golf Club, Llanerch Philadelphia Country Club, Bala Philadelphia Cricket Club. Chestnut Hill Philmont Countrj- Club, Philmont Pittsburgh Field Club, Aspinwall Pleasant Vallej’ Golf Club, Scottsdale Plymouth Country ,Club,. Norristown St. Clair Country Club. Bridgeville St. Davids Golf Club, St. Davids St. Marys Countrj' Club, St. Marys Saucon Vallej- Countrj- Club, Bethlehem Shannopin Country Club. Pittsburgh Sharon Country Club, Sharon Shawnee Country Club, Shawnee on Dela­ ware Somerset Country Club, Somerset South Hills Countrj- Club, Pittsburgh Springhaven Club, Wallingford Stanton Heights Golf Club, Pittsburgh Sunnybrook Golf Club, Flourtown Titusville Country Club, Titusville Torresdale Golf Club, Torresdale Tredyffrin Countrj- Club, Paoli Uniontown Countrj- Club, Uniontown Vallej- Country Club, Hazelton Wanango Countrj- Club. Reno West Chester Golf & Countrj- Club, West Westmoreland Countrj- Club, Verona Whitemarsh Vallej- Country Club, Chestnut Williamsport Countrj- Club, Williamsport Wyoming Vallej- Countrj- Club, Wilkes- Chester Hill Barre York Countrj- Club, York Rhode Island ton Agawam Hunt Club. Providence Conanicut Countrj’ Club, Jamestown Metacomet Golf Club, East Providence Misquamicut Golf Club, Watch Hill Newport Countrj’ Club. Newport Pawtucket Golf Club, Pawtucket Rhode Island Countrj- Club, West Barring­ Saehuset Golf Club, Middletown Sakonnet Golf Club, Little Compton Wannamoisett Countrj’ Club, Providence South Carolina Charleston Countrj’ Club, Charleston Palmetto Golf Club, Aiken South Dakota Minnehaha Countrj’ Club, Sioux Falls Tennessee Belle Meade Countrj’ Club, Nashville Cherokee Countrj’ Club. Knoxville Chickasaw Golf Club. Memphis Colonial Countrj’ Club, Memphis Green Meadow Countrj' Club, Maryville Kingsport Countrj' Club, Kingsport Memphis Country Club, Memphis Texas Corpus Christi Golf & Country Club, Cor­ pus Christi Dallas Country Club, Dallas January 16, 1926 UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION 27 El Paso Country Club, El Paso Houston Country Club, Houston River Crest Country Club, Fort Worth San Antonio Country Club, San Antonio Spring Lake Country Club, Waco Stark, H. J. Lutcher, Orange Country Club, Salt Lake City Utah Vermont Champlain Country Club, St. Albans Ekwanok Country Club, Manchester Hyde Manor Golf Club, Sudbury Virginia Country Club, Norfolk Country Club of Virginia, Richmond Danville Golf Club. Danville Hampton Roads Golf & Country Club. Hampton Roads Hermitage Countrj’ Club, Richmond Lakeside Country Club, Richmond Newport News Golf & Country Club, New­ port News Princess Anne Country Club, Virginia Beach Roanoke Country Club. Roanoke Virginia Hot Springs Golf & Tennis Club, Hot Springs Washington Golf & Country Club, Rosslyn Winchester Golf Club, Winchester Yorktown Country Club, Yorktown Washington Inglewood Country Club, Seattle Manito Golf Club, Spokane Rainier Golf & Country Club, Seattle Seattle Golf Club, Seattle Spokane Country Club, Spokane Tacoma Country & Golf Club, Tacoma Walla Walla Country Club. Walla Walla Wenatchee Golf & Country Club, Wenatchee Yakima Country Club, Yakima West Virginia Clarksburg Countrj’ Club, Clarksburg Greenbrier Golf Club, White Sulphur Springs Guyan Countrj’ Club, Huntington Kanawha Countrj- Club, Charleston McDowell Countj’ Countrj’ Club, Garj’ Spring Valley Countrj- Club, Huntington Wheeling Countrj- Club, Wheeling Wisconsin Black Hawk Countrj’ Club, Madison Blue Mound Country Club, Wauwatosa Butte des Morts Golf Club, Appleton Chenequa Countrj’ Club, Hartland Delavan Countrj' Club, Delavan Dells Golf Course, Kilbourn Kenosha Countrj- Club, Kenosha Lake Geneva Countrj’ Club, Lake Geneva Lakeside Countrj’ Club, Manitowoc Lynx Club. Milwaukee Maple Bluff Golf Club. Madison Menomonie Countrj’ Club. Menomonie Michiwaukee Golf Chib, Milwaukee Milwaukee Countrj- Club, North Milwaukee Oshkosh Countrj- Club, Oshkosh Ozaukee Countrj- Club. Thiensville Racine Countrj- Club, Racine Swan Lake Countrj- Club, Portage Tripoli Country Club, Milwaukee Tuscumbia Countrj- Club, Green Lake Watertown Country Club, "Watertown Casper Countrj- Club, Casper Wyoming Alberta Calgarj’ Golf & Countrj- Club, Calgarj- Calgary St. Andrews Golf Club, Calgary Edmonton Golf & Countrj- Club, Edmonton Mayfair Golf & Countrj- Club, Edmonton British Columbia Colwood Golf & Countrj- Club, Victoria Jericho Countrj’ Club, Vancouver Point Grej’ Golf & Countrj’ Club, Vancouver Vancouver Golf & Countrj’ Club, Vancouver Manitoba St. Charles Countrj’ Club, Winnipeg Southwood Golf Club, Winnipeg New Brunswick Westfield Country Club, Westfield Centre Lingan Countrj- Club, Sydnej- Nova Scotia Ontario Beach Grove Countrj’ Club, Walkerville Essex Countj- Golf Country Club, Sandwich Glendale Golf & Countrj- Club, Hamilton Lambton Golf & Country Club, Lambton Mills Lookout Point Country Club, Welland Oxford Golf & Countrj- Club, Woodstock Rosedale Golf Club. Toronto Royal Ottawa Golf Club, Ottawa St. Clair Countrj- Club, Tecumseh Scarboro Golf & Country Club, Scarboro Summit Golf & Countrj- Club, Jefferson Thornhill Golf & Countrj* Club, Thornhill Toronto Golf Club, Long Branch York Downs Golf Club, Toronto Quebec Beaconsfield Golf Club, Montreal Canadian National Railways, Montreal Countrj- Club of Montreal. Montreal Grand Mere Golf Club. Grand Mere Kanawki Golf Club, Montreal Laval sur le Lac, Montreal Manior Richelieu Golf Course, Murray Bay Mount Bruno Countrj- Club, St. Bruno Quebec Golf Club, Quebec Royal Montreal Golf Club, Dixie Mid-Ocean Golf Club, Tuckerstown Bermuda Argentina Golf Club Argentine, Bennos Aires San Andreas Golf Club, Beunos Aires Valparaiso Golf Club, Valparaiso Chile Cuba Countrj- Club of Havana, Havana Le Touquet Golf Club, Le Touquet France Mexico Mexico City Country Club. Mexico City Monterrey Country Club, Monterrey New Zealand New Zealand Golf Association, Wellington Meditations of a Peripatetic Golfer Treat your Bermuda greens just as is advised for creeping bent, and you will be delighted with the results. Theory is worthless unless it leads to good results. .Some greenkeepers are too prone to theorize. A golf course with the first 4 holes measuring over 1,700 yards’ At this rate the course would be 7,650 yards long. To play it would require seven­ league boots. Corrosive sublimate or bichloride of mercury is the best of all wormkillers. There is no basis for the idea that it accumulates in the soil and then ruins the turf. Hole No. 1 on a golf course with its green quite invisible! What a thrill the members sitting on the front porch must get, especially if they are betting on who wins! No wonder the president is cursing the architect! Letting the grass grow tall is the best known method of ruining the turf. Never use manure of any sort anywhere on a golf course. Use Bunkum’s fertilizer. Don’t mind what the grass says. Watering a putting green is best done in the morning, at noon, in the evening, or at night; but be sure to use a convenient time. Chewing’s fescue does not grow in bunches—except in about 90 percent of the cases. A blind bunker is the “bunk.” No reservations will be considered. If your putting greens are not good, look for criticism, not praise. Any one can imitate the mechanical features of a golf course. But to be an artist who comprehends landscaping is another story. Mow your putting greens every day in the growing season. Florida golf clubs will be very grateful if every northern golfer will bring along a pocketful of real soil so as to improve their putting greens. We don’t quite see the relation between pretty bathing girls and golf. May­ be it is to stimulate the bald heads.