1990 Iowa Turfgrass Research Report IOWA SIATE Ames, Iowa 50011 FG-457|July 1990 Introduction The following research report is the tenth yearly publication of the results of turfgrass research projects performed at Iowa State University. The first cultivar and management studies at the field research area were seeded in August 1979, and many of these investigations are now in their eleventh season. The research area was expanded between 1979 and 1983 to 4.2 acres of irrigated and approximately 3.0 acres of nonirrigated research area. Funding was obtained in 1983 to add 2.7 acres of irrigated research plots to the existing site. This construction was completed in the spring of 1985. The expansion that has taken place since 1979 would not have been possible without the cooperation of the Iowa Agriculture Experiment Station, the Iowa Turfgrass Institute, the Iowa Golf Course Superintendent's Association, the Iowa Professional Lawn Care Association, and the Iowa Turfgrass Producers and Contractors (ITPAC) organization. The 1988 and 1989 seasons were especially difficult due to the extended drought and lack of irrigation water at the research station. Few new projects were begun in 1989 and those that were initiated required much longer than usual to become established. With the apparent end to the drought in the spring of 1990, several new projects have been initiated, and some extensive renovation is scheduled for the fall of 1990. Hopefully, we will not see a similar drought for many years to come. We would also like to acknowledge Richard Moore, Manager of the Turfgrass Research area, Mark Stoskopf, Superintendent of the ISU Horticulture Research Station, and all others employed at the field research area in the past year for their efforts in building the program. Special thanks to Betty Hempe for her work on typing and helping to edit this publication. Edited by Nick Christians, professor, turfgrass science; Michael Agnew, associate professor, turfgrass extension; and Melinda Jardon, extension communication specialist. Table of Contents ENVIRONMENTAL DATA TURFGRASS RESEARCH AREA MAPS 1 2a SPECIES AND CULTIVAR TRIALS 1989 - Results of High- and Low-Maintenance Kentucky Bluegrass Regional Cultivar Trials 3 Regional Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Evaluation 8 Fine Fescue Cultivar Trial 10 Fine Fescue Management Study 12 Tall Fescue Cultivar Trial 13 Tall Fescue Management Study 15 Shade Adaptation Study 16 Tall Fescue Seeding / Fertilizer Study 18 1989 - Fairway Height Bentgrass Study 21 1989 - Fairway Height Kentucky Bluegrass Trial 22 1989 - Ornamental Grass Study 24 1989 - Ornamental Grass Field Trial 27 1989 - Ornamental Grass Container Overwintering Trial 27a Observations on the Droughts of 1988 and 1989 28 TURFGRASS DISEASE RESEARCH 1989 - Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Leaf Spot on Ram-I Kentucky Bluegrass 34 1989 - Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Dollar Spot on Emerald Bentgrass 36 1989 - Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Brown Patch on Bentgrass 38 1989 - Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Dollar Spot on Ram-I Kentucky Bluegrass 40 HERBICIDE STUDIES 1989 - Preemergence Annual Grass Control 42 1989 - Postemergence Annual Grass Control 44 Sod Rooting on Soil Treated with Preemergence Herbicide 49 1989 - Broadleaf Weed Trial 52 Chlorsulfuron and Ethofumesate Effects on the Germination of Four Cool-season Turfgrasses 57 STRESS STUDIES AND FERTILIZER TRIALS Comparison of Kentucky Bluegrass Response to Agriform, IBDU, Sulfur Coated Urea, and Urea 61 Natural Organic Trial 67 Liquid Fertilizer Trial 69 The Effects of 13 Granular Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources on the Growth and Quality of Park Kentucky Bluegrass 72 The Effects of Core Cultivation on the Performance of Four Nitrogen Fertilizers 74 The Effects of Synthetic and Natural Organic Nitrogen Source and Core Cultivation on Turfgrass Growth Under Traffic Stress 78 MISCELLANEOUS NCR-10 Regional Alternative Grass Trial 96 INTRODUCING The Iowa State University Personnel Affiliated with the Turfgrass Research Program COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS that made donations or supplied products to the Iowa State University Turfgrass Research Program 101 Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station Ames, Iowa Temperature, °F Rainfall, in Deviation from Normal 1989 Deviation from Normal - 5 2.16 - 1.03 58 - 3 2.60 -1.90 June 68 - 2 2.56 -3.24 July 75 + 0 2.60 -0.64 Augus t 70 - 2 1.56 -2.09 September 60 - 5 3.40 + 0.20 Month 1989 April 48 May DAILY RAINFALL - AMES JL-J O 1 J O 1 JUL UN DATE, 1909 DATE, 1909 S O L I D U N E = MAX DASHED U N E = MIN o cn CD ^ '—1 15 P C* " O .2 "So £ CD ' ^ CO CO CO r \ < 0 o 00 0 00 CD CD o TD p P CO P c 00 C D CD 00 ( ! i i GO CO I S Ph ' 5 G PW O CD P s: OIJ 'So CD CQ * ' ' CL> ., , I o ^ o -- C=3 CD b E CO CD C\2 o < C\2 CV2 CV2 lo IS - T 0 o E— peon 2a j 12 o o 0 O ^ C cCO cd Q_>< w LO cc CO OZ 2b Vantage i Park L 1 1 Liquid F ertilizatioii Study Park r o Majestic Liquid Fertilization Study Majestic 1 Midnight cc Liquid Fertiliization Study - /i > Liquid !Fertilizatio n Study Park ~ Vantage CO c Majestic ^ Vantage WW A cc a; co Organic Fertilization Trial CJ 5G ~ < i I Sc 3 CJ £ E^ O c£ S 5 Cca; ^ o -ö S 2 ® ® (D33 CO ¿j Wildflower Native Grass Establishment Study Common Ram 1 Parade Vantage Park Fertilization of D o r m e n t Turf S t u d y o "35 -OpC p 1 Sulfur Acidificat.on Study National Kentucky Bluegrass Trial Sod Blend Premium ;'Non-!rrigated) zog Parade Baron Sod Production Study- Regional Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Evaluations Endophyte Study z? > 2 6 1 , 3 6 0 ft 2 Sod Re-establishmen: Buffalograss Management Study Tall Fescue Common Tall Fescue Management Study Sharps Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Evaluations Fairway Height Kentucky Bluegrass Study Fine Fescue Management Study Regional Alternative Crass Trials Turfgrass Research Baron Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Seed Mixtures Fine Fescue Cultivar Trials Drought Recovery Trial Baron 6.0 Acres Park Rebel Fairway Height Creeping Bentgrass Trial Premium Sod Blend II Cil Prel Study Emerald Fungicide Trials Green Height Bentgrass Trial Seed Priming Study Fertilizer Trial Fertilizer Trial Liquid Fertilizer Trial Penneagle Penncross Cranular Fertilizer Study t N FertilizerCultivation Study Building O r n a m e n t a l Grass Trial 2c TFC Progress Study Kentucky Bluegrass Regional Cultivar Trials N.E. Christians The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has initiated several regional Kentucky bluegrass cultivar trials currently being conducted at most of the northern agricultural experiment stations. The test consists of either 80 or 84 cultivars, the number depending on the year the trials were initiated, with each cultivar replicated three times. Two trials are underway at Iowa State University. The oldest is a high-maintenance study established in 1981 that receives 4 lb nitrogen (N)/1000 ft 2 /vr and is irrigated as needed. The second trial was established in 1985 and receives 4 lb N/1000 fr/yr, but is not irrigated. The objective of the high-maintenance study is to investigate the performance of the 84 cultivars under a cultural regime similar to that used on irrigated home lawns in Iowa. The objective of the second study is to observe the response of 80 cultivars under conditions similar to those found in a nonirrigated lawn that receives a standard lawn care program. The values listed under each month in Tables 1 and 2 are the averages of ratings made on three replicated plots for the two studies. Yearly means of data from each month were taken and are listed in the last column. The first cultivar received the highest average rating for the entire 1989 season. The cultivars are listed in descending order of average quality. The least significant difference (LSD) value listed at the bottom of each column is a statistical value that can be used to further evaluate the data. For cultivars to be considered different from one another, their mean quality ratings must exceed the LSD value. Sydsport, Ram-I, Enmundi, and Charlotte were the four best cultivars in the high-maintenance trial (Table 1). However, most of these 84 cultivars will maintain a reasonably good quality if they are properly managed. The nonirrigated, high-maintenance trial (Table 2) provided some very useful information again this year following recovery from the drought. As has been observed in earlier work (see 1989 report), common varieties such as Kenblue and South Dakota Common recover most quickly from dormancy. Joy and Huntsville also demonstrated good postdormancy recovery in 1989. It is interesting that even under a higher fertility regime, the common types seem to tolerate extended droughts better than most improved cultivars. No differences were observed among the cultivars during July due to complete dormancy of the entire study area. Table 1. The 1989 quality ratings for the high-maintenance regional Kentucky bluegrass test that was established in the fall of 1981. Cultivar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. May S YDS PORT 7.7 RAM-I 8.3 ENMUNDI 7.7 CHARLOTTE 7.0 KIMONO 8.0 MLM-18011 8.3 A20-6 7.7 ECLIPSE 7.7 239 8.0 1-13 6.7 N535 8.0 1528T(Midnight)8.3 BRISTOL 8.0 VICTA 7.7 NJ 735 7.3 ESCORT 7.3 PLUSH 7.0 MAJESTIC 7.0 SHASTA 8.0 MER PP 300 7.7 MONA 8.0 MONOPOLY 7.3 PSU-190 7.3 SV-01617 7.7 WELCOME 8.3 HARMONY 7.0 MOSA 7.3 WW AG 478 7.3 MERIT 6.7 COLUMBIA 8.0 BIRKA 7.3 PARADE 7.0 TRENTON 8.0 VANESSA 7.0 A20 7.3 ENOBLE 8.0 NUGGET 7.3 DORMIE 7.0 BONO 7.3 BONNIEBLUE 7.3 ARGYLE 6.7 H-7 7.7 A20-6A 7.7 P141 (MYSTIC) 6.3 K3-178 7.7 BARBLUE 8.0 FYLKING 6.7 CHERI 8.0 HOLIDAY 8.0 WW AG 463 7.3 June July Aug Sept Oct Mean 8.0 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.3 8.0 8.0 7.3 7.7 8.0 7.7 7.7 8.0 7.7 8.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.7 8.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.7 8.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.7 7.7 7.0 7.7 7.3 6.7 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 6.3 6.3 5.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 5.7 6.3 5.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.7 6.7 7.7 8.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.7 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.3 7.3 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.7 6.7 7.3 6.3 7.0 8.0 7.7 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.0 6.7 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.3 8.0 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.0 8.0 7.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.7 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.3 5.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 7.7 7.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.7 5.7 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 Table 1. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. The 1989 quality ratings for the high-maintenance regional Kentucky bluegrass test that was established in the fall of 1981. (continued) Cultivar May June July Aug Sept Oct Mean PIEDMONT VANTAGE APART A-34 MER PP 43 225 ADELPHI GERONIMO CEB VB 3965 MERION ADMIRAL GLADE BANFF TOUCHDOWN WW AG 480 SH-2 BA-61-91 243 RUGBY ASPEN CELLO BAYSIDE BARON AMERICAN LOVEGREEN S.D. COMMON K3-179 WABASH PSU-173 S-21 K3-152 K3-162 KENBLUE PSU-150 6..3 6..3 7..0 6.,3 6..7 7..0 7..0 7..3 8..0 6..7 7..3 7..3 7..3 6,.3 7..7 6..3 7,.3 7..3 7..7 7..3 6,.7 7..0 7..0 7..7 6..0 5..7 6..7 6..7 6,.7 6..0 7..0 5..3 5..7 6..3 6..7 7,.0 7 .0 6 .7 6 .3 7 .3 6 .7 7 .0 7 .0 7 .3 6 .3 7 .0 7 .3 7 .3 7 .3 6 .3 6 .7 7 .0 7 .3 7 .3 7 .0 7 .0 7 .3 6 .3 7 .0 6 .3 6 .3 6 .0 6 .3 5 .3 5 .7 5 .0 5 .3 5 .3 6..0 6..3 6..0 6..3 6..0 6..3 5..7 5..3 5..7 6..0 6,.0 6,.3 5,.7 5,.3 5..7 5,.7 5,.7 5,.7 4,.7 5,.3 6..0 5..7 5,.0 4..7 6,.0 5,.7 6..0 5,.0 5,.3 6,.0 4,.7 6,.0 5,.7 5..0 6. 7 6. 3 5..7 6.,0 6.,0 5.,7 6..0 5..3 5..3 6..3 6..3 4..7 5..3 5..7 4..7 5..7 5..3 5..3 5..3 5..0 4..7 4..7 5.,7 5..3 5..3 5..7 5,,7 5..0 4..3 5..0 4..7 5..3 4,.7 4..7 7..3 6..7 7.,3 7..0 8..0 6.,7 6..7 7..3 6,.7 6,.3 7..0 7..0 6..7 7..3 6,.7 7,.3 7,.0 7..0 7..0 6..7 6,.7 7,.0 6,.7 7..0 7,.0 7,.3 6,.7 7,.0 6..7 6 .0 6,.3 6..0 5..7 6,.0 6. 3 7..0 6.,7 7..0 6..3 6.,7 7..0 6..7 6..3 6..3 6..0 6..3 6..0 6,.7 6 .3 7..3 6..3 5..7 6 .0 6 .0 6 .7 6 .7 5 .7 6 .0 6..0 6 .3 6 .0 6..3 5,.3 5..7 5,.7 6 .0 6,.0 5..3 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 LSD 0.05 1..2 1 .5 1..6 2..1 1..7 1..7 1.2 Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. Table 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. The 1989 quality ratings for the nonirrigated, high-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass trial established in the fall of 1985. Cultivar May June Aug Sept Oct Mean JOY SOUTH DAKOTA CERT. KENBLUE HUNTSVILLE F-1872 (Freedom) MONOPOLY LOFTS 1757 WABASH HARMONY NE 80-14 SOMERSET AQU I LA ABLE I PARK RUGBY BARON ASPEN PST-CB1 CLASSIC TENDOS GEORGETOWN ECLIPSE DAWN 239 (Suffolk) K3-178 NE 80-110 A-34 JULIA TRENTON WW AG 496 VICTA BA 70-242 NE 80-88 AMERICA LIBERTY NASSAU IKONE WW AG 495 MYSTIC PARADE WELCOME WW AG 468 WW AG 491 MERIT BRISTOL BA 72-441 (Abbey) BA 73-626 (Kelly) DESTINY GLADE NE 80-50 6.0 5.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.3 5.0 6.0 4.7 5.7 4.7 6.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.3 3.7 4.7 5.3 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 4.0 4.7 5.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.3 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.0 4.3 3.7 4.3 4.3 5.0 4.0 4.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.3 5.0 5.3 5.7 4.7 4.7 4.0 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.7 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.0 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 3.3 2.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.7 2.7 3.7 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.7 2.0 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.3 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.7 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.0 2.7 4.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 2.3 3.7 4.7 3.3 4.0 2.3 2.7 4.0 4.7 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.3 4.3 5.0 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.3 3.7 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.7 3.0 4.3 4.0 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.3 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 Table 2. The 1989 quality ratings for the nonirrigated, high-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass trial established in the fall of 1985. (continued) June Aug Sept Oct Mean GNOME 3.,7 P-104 (Princeton 104)3..7 BAR VB 577 3.,7 BAR VB 534 4.,3 CYNTHIA 4.,3 MERION 4.,7 4.,0 Kl-152 NE 80-47 4..0 NE 80-48 4..0 RAM-I 3..3 HAGA 4..0 ANNIKA 3..3 ASSET 3..7 AMAZON 4..0 CHALLENGER 4..0 BLACKSBURG 3..7 NE 80-30 3..0 4..0 BARZAN BA 69-82 3..3 MIDNIGHT 4..0 CONNI 3..0 BA 72-500 (Chateau) 4 .3 BA 73-540 4..0 COMPACT 3,.3 SYDSPORT 3..3 CHERI 4..0 BA 72-492 (Estate) 2,.7 NE 80-55 3..0 BA 70-139 (Coventry) 3..3 HV 97 3 .0 4.,0 4.,3 5..0 5..0 4..3 5..0 5..3 4..7 5..3 5..0 5..0 5..3 4..3 5..0 4..7 5..0 4,.3 4,.0 5,.0 5..0 3 .3 4..3 4,.7 4..0 4,.0 4,.7 4..0 4,.0 4,.0 4..0 3.,0 2..7 2..0 2..3 2..7 2..3 2..3 2.,0 2..3 3..0 2.,3 2..3 2..7 3..0 2..7 3,.0 2,.7 2..0 2,.3 2..3 2 .7 2,.3 2 .0 2,.3 2,.0 2,.0 2..3 2 .0 2,.0 2,.0 3..0 3..7 3..3 2..7 2,.7 2..3 2..7 3..3 2..3 2..7 2..7 2..7 3..3 2..0 3,.0 2,.0 3 .0 3 .3 2,.3 2 .3 3..3 2,.0 2,.7 2 .7 2..7 2 .0 2 .0 3 .0 2..0 2 .3 4. 3 3..7 4.,0 3.,7 4..0 3..7 3..7 4..0 4..0 3..7 3..3 3..7 3..3 3..7 3..3 4..0 4,.3 3..7 4..0 3..3 4,.3 3..7 3 .3 3 .3 3 .3 3 .0 4,.0 3 .0 3 .0 3 .0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 1,.6 1..4 1 .3 1 .7 1..7 1.0 Cultivar 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. LSD 0.05 May Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1; 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. Data were not collected during July due to complete dormancy during the drought. The study was terminated in late August. R.W. Moore and N.E. Christians This is the seventh year of data from this trial established in the fall of 1982. It was established in conjunction with several identical trials across the country coordinated by the USDA. The purpose of the trial is to identify regional adaptation of the 48 perennial ryegrass cultivars. Cultivars are evaluated for turf quality each month of the growing season. 2 The trial is maintained at a 2 in mowing height with 3 to 4 lb N/1000 ft through the growing season and is irrigated when needed to prevent drought. Preemergence herbicide is applied once in the spring and broadleaf herbicide is applied once in September to control weeds. The trial was not irrigated during the 1989 season because of the lack of water at the research station. There are no statistical differences among the first 14 cultivars in Table 3. Notice that several of the top performers in 1989 are experimental numbered cultivars. Several of these numbered varieties have rated in the top 20 each of the past few years. There has been a considerable amount of breeding and selection of perennial ryegrasses conducted in the past decade and a number of new releases of well adapted cultivars can be expected in future years. Some of these numbered cultivars have been given names. Repell (GT-II) is of particular interest. This variety contains an endophytic fungal organism that repels insect attacks. During the drought of 1989, sod webworms were a serious problem at the research station. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. a Cultivar May June Ratings 3 July GT-II (Repell) PALMER 282 (Citation II) SWRC-1 IA 728 (Allstar) BLAZER HR-1 PRELUDE HE 168 BT-I (Tara) DIPLOMAT LP 702 (Mondial) RANGER PENNANT LP 210 2EE (Cowboy) MANHATTAN II OMEGA PREMIER REGAL COCKADE NK 80389 LP 792 2ED (Birdie II) DELRAY CUPIDO DERBY YORKTOWN II FIESTA DASHER WWE 19 M382 NK 79307 ELKA BIRDIE CIGIL MANHATTAN NK 79309 GATOR BARRY LINN PENNFINE LP 736 (Ovation) ACCLAIM CROWN HE 178 PIPPIN CITATION 7.0 7.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.3 6.7 7.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.3 7.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 7,.0 7,.0 6..7 6..7 6.,3 6..7 6..0 6..3 6,.7 7..0 6,.0 6,.0 6,.3 5..7 6,.0 6,.0 6,.0 6..3 6,.3 5,.3 6,.3 6,.0 6,.3 5,.7 6,.0 6,.0 5,.7 5..3 5,.7 5,.3 5,.7 6,.0 5,.7 7,.0 5..7 5..7 6,.0 5,.3 6,.3 5,.0 5,.0 5,.3 5,.7 6,.0 5,.3 5,.0 5..3 5..0 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.3 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 7.0 5.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.0 5.3 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 LSD 1.2 1 . .0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.05 Aug Sept Mean Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. R.W. Moore and N.E. Christians This was the seventh and final year for the fine fescue cultivar trial established in the fall of 1982. The purpose of the trial was to identify regional adaptation of the 32 fine fescue cultivars and blends in a full sun exposure. The data listed in Table 4 was the last rating taken before termination of the study in the spring of 1989. The trial was maintained at a 2 in mowing height with 3 to 4 lb N/1000 ft 2 /yr and was irrigated when needed to prevent drought. Preemergence herbicide was applied once in the spring and broadleaf herbicide was applied once in September to control weeds. The best cultivars were FOF-WC, Scaldis/Atlanta, Dawson, Pennlawn, and Agram under these conditions in 1989 (Table 4). Most of the top ten cultivars in 1989 have consistently rated in the top ten over the past seven years of this study. Tournament, Duar, NK 79190, NK 79191, NK 80345, NK 80347, and NK 80348 had 20 to 80% Kentucky bluegrass in two or three of their replications. This may be due to their lack of competitiveness with Kentucky bluegrass. This trial was terminated in 1989 due to the contamination by Kentucky bluegrass. A new, 94 cultivar, national fineleaf fescue trial is being established in 1990, and will replace this cultivar trial. September ratings Cultivar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. FOF-WC (SF) S CALDIS/ATLANTA DAWSON (CR) PENNLAWN (CR) AGRAM (C) AURORA (HF) ATLANTA (C) BANNER (CF) BILJART (HF) BANNER/CHECKER WALDINA (HF) SHADOW (C) SCALDIS (HF) RUBY (CR) NK80346 (CR) JAMESTOWN (C) ENSYLVA (CR) FORTRESS (CR) CHECKER (C) BARFALLA (C) NK79191 (CR) DAWSON/PENNLAWN NK79189 (CR) KOKET (C) HIGHLIGHT (C) DUAR (HF) NK80348 (CR) NK80347 (CR) NK79190 (CR) WINTERGREEN (C) TOURNAMENT (HF) NK80345 (CR) Rep I 4 5 7 6 6 3 6 4 4 5 2 6 3 5 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 2 Rep IT 8 6 5 7 6 6 6 7 7 6 7 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 7 3 Rep III Mean 7 7 6 5 6 8 5 5 5 5 6 4 6 5 5 6 6 5 4 5 5 2 4 5 5 . 4 4 4 2 3 2 4 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.0 Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. N.E. Christians and R.W. Moore The fine fescue management study includes the following cultivars: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pennlawn Red Fescue Scaldis Hard Fescue Ruby Red Fescue Atlanta Chewings Fescue K5-29 Red Fescue 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Dawson Red Fescue Reliant Hard Fescue Ensylva Red Fescue Highlight Chewings Fescue Jamestown Chewings Fescue Each cultivar is maintained in full sun at two mowing heights: 1 and 2 in. Each plot is divided into two fertilizer treatments: 1 and 3 lb N/1000 ft 2 , applied as IBDU. The area is irrigated as needed. The study was established on September 8, 1979, and is the oldest study in the turf research area. The quality ratings in Table 5 are the means of monthly ratings taken on replicated plots from May to October. Reliant and Scaldis hard fescue had the best overall quality. These same grasses performed satisfactorily even under the extreme conditions of a 1 in mowing height and 1 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year, and they have performed consistently well for the 11 years this trial has been in place. They also have shown excellent disease tolerance, whereas many of the other grasses have been observed to be quite susceptible to Dollar Spot. Table 5. The effects of mowing height and nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of 10 fine fescues in 1989. Mowing Height 1 in 2 in N Rate N Rate 1 lba 3 lb 1 lb 3 lb 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Pennlawn Red Fescue Scaldis Hard Fescue Ruby Red Fescue Atlanta Chewings Fescue K5-29 Red Fescue Dawson Red Fescue Reliant Hard Fescue Ensylva Red Fescue Highlight Chewings Fescue Jamestown Chewings Fescue 5.. 4 b,c 8..3 4..9 5..4 5..2 5..3 7..9 5..6 3 .3 5 .6 5..7 8..0 5..3 5..6 5..1 5..3 7..9 5,.3 3,.3 6..1 5..3 7..9 5..6 5..6 5..4 5..9 8,.1 5,.5 3 .8 5..4 Overall Mean 5..7 7..9 6..2 5..7 5..1 5..9 7..9 5..4 3,.5 6,.1 5., 5 8.,0 5..5 5..6 5..2 5..6 8..0 5,.5 3 .5 5 .8 a N rates are in lb N/1000 ft /yr. b Values are the means of monthly observations from May to October. c Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. The N source is IBDU. M.L. Agnew and N.E. Christians The 65 tall fescue cultivars were established in the fall of 1987 at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station. The study is maintained at a 2 in mowing height and fertilized with 2 lb N/1000 ft2/yr. The area is unirrigated and receives no fungicide or insecticide applications. * The data in Table 6 reflects the harsh summer of 1989. Rainfall was short and quality ratings were low. Normarc 25 and Shenandoah were the only tall fescue cultivars to have a mean rating over 7. Yet, most cultivars had a mean quality over the acceptable level of 6. Table 6. Quality data for tall fescue cultivar trial. Apr May June July Aug Sept Mean 7. 3 1. NORMARC 25 2. PE-7E 7. 3 (Shenandoah) 3. HUBBARD 87 7.,0 4. MESA 6..7 5. FALCON 6..7 6. JAGUAR II 6..3 7. TRIBUTE 7..0 8. CAREFREE 7.,0 9. FINELAWN I 7..3 10. NORMARC 99 7..0 6..7 11. PICK 845PN (Guardian) 12. PST-5AP 7..3 13. PST-DBC 6,,7 14. WILLAMETTE 7..0 15. FATIMA 6..7 16. FINELAWN 5GL 7..0 17. JAGUAR 7.,0 18. PST-5DM 6..7 19. KWS-DUR 6..0 20. MONARCH 6..7 21. APACHE 6..7 22. BAR FA 7851 6..3 (Barnone) 23. JB-2 6..7 24. PST-5MW 6..7 25. THOROUGHBRED 7..0 26. TRAILBLAZER 6..7 6..7 27. WRANGLER 28. CIMMARON 6..3 29. LEGEND 6..3 30. OLYMPIC 6,.7 8.,0 7..3 7. 3 7. 0 6.,0 6..7 6.,7 5..3 7..7 8..3 7.2 7.0 8..0 6..3 7..0 7..0 6.,7 6..8 6..7 7..3 7..3 7.,0 7.,7 6.,3 7.,0 6..3 7..0 6..3 5.,7 6..7 5..3 6..0 6..0 5..7 6..0 6..0 6..0 5.,7 4..7 6..3 7..0 7,,0 6..3 7..0 6..3 6,.0 6..0 6..3 7..7 7..7 7,,7 8..3 8..0 7..3 8..0 8..7 8..3 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7..3 7..3 7..0 6,.3 6,.0 6,.7 7,.0 7,.0 7,.7 7,.3 6,.7 6..0 6..3 6..3 6..3 6..7 6..3 6.,0 6..3 5..3 5..3 6..3 5..3 5..3 6..0 6..0 5..7 5..3 5..7 5,.3 4,.7 5..3 5..0 6..7 6..7 6 .3 6,.7 6,.3 6 .3 6 .3 6 .3 6 .3 6 .0 6 .0 7..7 8..0 7..7 7..7 7,.7 8..0 7,.7 8 .0 8 .3 8 .0 8,.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6,.7 8..0 6 .7 6 .7 7,.0 6 .7 7,.3 6 .3 6..0 6,.0 5..3 6,.7 6,.3 5,.3 5,.0 6,.0 6,.0 5,.0 5,.7 4,,7 4,.7 5,.3 5,.3 5,.0 6 .0 5 .7 6 .0 6 .7 6 .0 6 .3 6 .3 6 .3 7 .3 7,.3 7..7 7,.0 8 .0 7,.7 7 .3 7,.7 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 Cultivar Table 6 . Quality data for tall fescue cultivar trial. Apr May June July Aug Sept Mean TIP 6. 7 TITAN 7. 0 ADVENTURE 6. 7 ARID 6. 7 PE-7 7. 0 PICK DM 5. 7 (Avanti) PST-5D1 6. 0 (Eldorado) PST-5EN 6. 3 REBEL 6.,7 REBEL II 6.,0 SYN GA 6.,7 TRIDENT 6.,7 KY-31 6.,3 PACER 6..3 PICK GH6 6..3 (Maverick II) PST-5F2 6..3 (Winchester) RICHMOND 6..3 TAURUS 6,.3 AZTEC 5..3 BEL 86-1 6 .3 NORMARC 77 6 .3 PICK TF9 5,.7 (Crossfire) PST-5HF 5 .7 (Amigo) SUNDANCE 5 .7 PICK 127 6 .0 (Cochise) 6 .0 PST-50L BEL 86-2 5 .3 BONANZA 5 .3 KWS-BG-6 5 .0 (Twilight) PICK SLD 4 .7 (Emperor) PST-5D7 3 .3 (Murietta) 5 .0 CHIEFTAIN PST-5BL 5 .0 (Silverado) PICK DDF 4 .0 (Shortstop) PST-5AG 4 .7 6. 0 7. 0 7. 0 6. 0 7. 7 7. 3 6. 3 5. 0 5. 3 6. 3 5. 3 6. 0 5. 3 5. 0 5. 3 5. 0 4. 3 4. 7 6. 0 6. 0 5. 7 5. 7 5. 7 5. 7 7. 7 8. 0 7. 3 7. 3 7. 0 7. 7 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 7. 0 6. 0 4. 7 6. 0 7. 3 6.2 6..7 7.,0 6.,7 6. 3 6.,0 6..7 6..0 7..0 5. 7 6. 0 6. 3 5. 1 6. 0 5..0 6.,0 5.,3 5. 0 4. 7 5. 0 5. 0 4..7 5. 3 5.,3 4..3 6.,0 5..7 6..0 5..7 6..3 6..3 6..0 5,.7 7.,7 7..3 7..0 7..7 7..7 6..7 7..0 8..0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6..0 5..3 4..3 6,.3 8..0 6.1 6..3 7,.3 8,.0 7,.0 7,.0 8 .0 5..0 5..7 5..7 4..7 5..3 5..3 5..7 4..3 4..7 4..7 4..3 4..3 6,.3 5,.7 5 .0 5,.3 5 .7 5 .3 7,.0 7,.3 7,.0 7,.3 6 .7 7..0 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 7 .7 5,.7 4,.3 5 .3 7 .0 5.9 6 .3 7 .3 5,.0 4,.7 5..0 4..0 6 .0 5 .7 7,.7 7,.3 5.9 5.8 6 .3 7 .3 7 .0 7 .7 5 .7 5 .3 5 .0 5 .7 4..3 4 .7 4..3 2..7 6 .0 5 .0 5 .7 5 .0 6 .7 6 .7 6 .7 6 .7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 7 .0 5 .3 4 .3 5 .7 6 .7 5.6 7 .3 6 .0 4 .3 5 .0 7 .3 5.6 6 .3 7 .3 5 .0 4 .7 4 .3 4 .3 5 .0 5 .3 7 .3 6 .0 5.5 5.4 6 .7 4 .7 4 .0 5 .7 7 .0 5.3 6 .3 4 .3 4 .0 4 .7 6 .3 5.1 Cultivar 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. (continued) Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. R.W. Moore and N.E. Christians This is a report on the sixth year of data from the experiment. It is designed to compare the^esponse of Falcon, Floundog, Kentucky 31, Mustang, and Rebel tall fescue at 0, 2, and 4 lb N/1000 ft /yr and cutting heights of 2 and 3 in. One pound of N was applied once during May and September for the 2 lb treatment and during April, May, August, and September for the 4 lb treatment. In the strip-split plot arrangement, all six combinations of the two management factors are placed in a 2 ft by 3 ft block within each cultivar with the five cultivars replicated three times. There was little difference between the 3 in cut and the 2 in cut in overall turf quality for all cultivars (Table 7). Turf quality increased with each increment of N for all of the cultivars at both mowing heights. Rebel and Houndog were the best cultivars under higher maintenance conditions in 1989. In general, each of the turf-type cultivars performed better than Kentucky 31 through the season. Table 7. Turf quality of tall fescue cultivars at two clipping heights and three fertility levels in 1989. Ratings 3 lb N/ 1000 ft2 May June July Aug Sept Mean 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 4,,0 5..0 8..0 4,,0 5,.0 8,,0 5,,3 6..0 8..0 5..3 6..0 8..0 4.,3 4,,7 8..0 4,,3 4..7 8..0 4,,7 5..7 8..0 4,,7 5.,7 8..0 4,,0 5,,3 8..0 4..0 5.,3 8.,0 3,.3 6..0 7..0 3..7 6..0 7,.3 3,.7 6,.0 7..0 4..0 6..0 7..0 3,.0 6,.0 7..0 3,.7 5..7 7..3 3,.3 6..3 7,.7 4..0 6..7 7,.7 3,.3 5..7 7.,7 4..0 6..0 7..7 3. 3 5. 0 7. 0 3. 3 5. 0 7. 0 3. 3 4. 7 6. 3 3. 3 5. 0 6. 7 3. 3 5. 0 6. 3 3. 3 5. 0 6. 3 3. 0 4. 7 6. 7 3. 0 4. 7 6. 7 3. 3 5. 3 6. 3 3. 3 5. 3 6. 3 2. 7 4. 3 6. 7 2. 7 4. 3 6. 7 3. 7 5. 0 7. 0 3. 7 5. 0 7. 0 4. 3 5. 3 6. 3 4. 3 5. 3 6. 3 3. 7 5. 0 7. 0 3. 7 5. 0 7. 0 3. 7 4. 7 7. 0 3. 7 4. 7 7. 0 4. 3 5. 3 7. 7 4. 3 5. 3 7. 7 4. 3 5. 7 7. 0 4. 3 5. 7 7. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 7 3. 7 5. 0 6. 7 4. 0 5. 7 7. 0 4. 0 6. 0 7. 0 4. 0 5. 3 7. 0 3. 7 5. 0 7. 0 3.5 5.1 7.3 3.6 5.1 7.3 4.1 5.5 7.1 4.1 5.5 7.1 3.8 5.2 6.9 3.9 5.1 6.9 3.7 5.5 7.3 3.9 5.6 7.3 3.7 5.3 7.2 3.7 5.3 7.2 LSD cultivar averages LSD fertilizer treatments 0.,5 0..3 NS b 0,.3 NS 0. 4 NS 0. 3 NS 0. 2 NS 0.2 Cultivar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. a b REBEL REBEL REBEL REBEL REBEL REBEL MUSTANG MUSTANG MUSTANG MUSTANG MUSTANG MUSTANG KENTUCKY-31 KENTUCKY-31 KENTUCKY-31 KENTUCKY-31 KENTUCKY-31 KENTUCKY-31 HOUNDOG HOUNDOG HOUNDOG HOUNDOG HOUNDOG HOUNDOG FALCON FALCON FALCON FALCON FALCON FALCON Clip hgt inch 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 - acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. NS = Not Significant. N.E. Christians The shade adaptation study was established in the fall of 1987 to evaluate the performance of 35 species and varieties of grasses. The species include creeping red fescue (C.R.F.), hard fescue (H.F.), tall fescue (T.F.), Kentucky bluegrass (K.B.), and rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis). The area is located under the canopies of a mature stand of Siberian elm trees (Ulmus pumila) at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station. The grasses are mowed at a 2 in height and receive 2 lb N/1000 ft 2 /year. No weed control has been required on the area. Irrigation was used during the fall of 1987 and through the summer of 1988. Although this was originally planned as a nonirrigated study, the drought of 1989 resulted in a need for irrigation during the summer months. Monthly quality data were collected in May through October. Several of the hard fescues (H.F.) and one creeping red fescue (C.R.F.) were the best performers in 1989 (Table 8). These were followed by the tall fescues, many of which maintained very good quality all season long. Ram-I was the only Kentucky bluegrass to maintain an acceptable quality. In general, the Kentucky bluegrasses were the poorest quality grasses in this study. The low ranking of Reliant H.F., which performed very well in full sün in the Fine Fescue Management Trial discussed elsewhere in this report, is due to the fact that it was the only variety that was sodded. The sod did not become well established in the drought of 1988. 4J *rH r—I cd cr P en a) m o o PL r^i^r^r^ocnr^ofooi^ooocnocnoi^r^r^roor^ooi^oroi^or^r^r-'o ß cd Po p rH Oj ß er •H i^ooor^of^oi^coi^cnocncnoroi^r^ococnocnc^cnococornocnoooo fa cd 4J a <ü o o cd Po p cd ß er p en fa U CQ • -fa • o fa cm w . cQ fa • H fa •fafa. fa o ^ o • fa W ' o c Q * H ' fa • ^ f a fa fa fa ' C ' Q fa C O V-/ O r—I 1 W w o • fa o H fa ~ H O fa fa w H ^ O fa ' CJ Dei W oo H M ' O en P C ^ O H en < o fa fa H H . . < M o p e? fa C H fa fa ' C O C 23 W M CM ^ W fa H C M c o fa H M fa fa fa q fa fa W S fa fa fa en en fa m M W Wo fa fa H C fa C H C Q o C Q C Q C < fa H fa 3 3 fa en Q fa w Í H ^ ü h O M H en C fa < W fa fa o C fa C m w fa a C fa C P en W en CQ cq enW CQen p fa fa < en cQ fa fa fa X-N^-S £ §fa cd o en O m o o en fa ß o •tí a) en cd fa >> p Cd fa fa fa fa HCNirn^invûNoooNOHCNin^^^^ooc^OHojn^invûi^ooc^OHcsiro^iri ß . . . . r-t r—I f—I iP r—I iP — i I r—I t—I t—i CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO COerCO CH O orOf a u M.L. Agnew The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coating tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea 'Rebel IP) seed with fertilizer and fungicide, to determine the optimum seeding rate, and to evaluate the need for a starter fertilizer during the establishment phase. The experiment was established on April 20, 1989, at the Iowa State University Horticulture Station, Ames, Iowa. Plots measured 5 ft by 5 ft and were arranged in a randomized, complete-block design with three replications. Treatments included seeding rate, seed treatment, and the addition of starter fertilizer. Seeding rates were 4, 6, and 8 lb pure live seed (PLS)/1000 ft 2 . This equated to 45.4 g/plot, 68.1 g/plot, and 90.8 g/plot for nontreated seed, while seeds treated with Nutri-Kote plus Apron were established at 90.8 g/plot, 136.2 g/plot, and 181.6 g/plot. Each seed treatment and seeding rate received either no additional fertilizer or a starter fertilizer at the time of seeding. The starter fertilizer was applied at a rate of 0.5 lb N/1000 ft 2 (urea) and 2 lb phosphorus (P)/1000 ft 2 (triple super phosphate). On May 30, all plots received 0.75 lb N/1000 ft 2 nitrogen (urea). Data collected included percent cover on May 16, 18, 21, 26, 30, June 6, and November 10, 1989, visual quality on June 6, 11, and November 10, 1989, and height on June 9, 1989. Percent cover was determined by visual observations of the plots. Each plot was sectioned into four quadrants. Percent cover was determined for each area and the data for each were combined. Visual quality was based on a scale of 1 to 9. A rating of 1 is equal to straw-brown turfgrass, whereas a rating of 9 is equal to a dark-green, dense turfgrass stand. A rating of 6 was the minimum acceptable quality level. Plant height was measured in six locations within each plot and the combined average was used. The seed coating alone did not have an effect on any of the growth parameters (Figure 1). By the June 10 rating there were no differences between either treated or nontreated seeds. The 8 lb seeding rate provided quicker plant coverage (Figure 2). However by November, this difference no longer existed. There was no effect of starter fertilizer on percent cover (Figure 3), but it produced a positive effect on the visual quality and height of plants. There was a combined effect of starter fertilizer and treated seed (Table 9). Starter fertilizer in combination with the 8 lb seeding rate and treated seed enhanced plant density. These plots had significantly higher percent cover ratings. In summary, the addition of fertilizer to the seed enhanced plant coverage when combined with starter fertilizer at the 8 lb seeding rate. While the seed coating doubles the weight of the seed and thereby makes it easier to apply with a broadcast spreader, the turfgrass manager needs to consider whether the minor increase in establishment outweighs the additional cost of seed coating. Figure 1. Seed treatment effects on stand density. % Cover Date . N o Treatment Treated S e e d Figure 2. Seeding rate effects on stand density. % Cover - 4 lb 6 lb 8 ib Figure 3. Starter fertilizer effect on stand density. n o fertilizer iertillzer N.E. Christians The fairway height bentgrass study was established in the fall of 1988 to compare the response of several new varieties of seeded bentgrasses against the older types. The grass was kept at an 0.5 in mowing height, the standard mowing height for creeping bentgrass fairways. The area receives liquid applications of urea as needed through the season (0.2 lb N/1000 ft 2 /application in 3 gal water/1000 ft ). The total N application rate is approximately 3 lb/season. Fungicides are used as needed. One insecticide treatment was applied in August 1989 to control cutworms. The area was irrigated as needed until August 15 when irrigation water was depleted. The best two varieties in 1989 were SR 1020 and Penneagle (Table 10). Penncross maintained an unacceptable average quality rating of 5.8 for the season. Exeter, the only Colonial bentgrass in the study, was the lowest rated variety. This is a new study and rankings are likely to change in future years. Table 10. The 1989 ratings for the fairway bentgrass study established in the fall of 1988. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Cultivar July Aug Sept Oct Mean SR 1020 PENNEAGLE COBRA ISI 123 EMERALD PROMINENT PUTTER J.H. BENT SOUTHSHORE PENNCROSS ISI 124 CARMEN PENNLINKS NATIONAL PROVIDENCE (SR 1019) EXETER (Colonial Bent) 5..7 6.,0 5..0 5..3 5..0 5..7 4..7 5..0 5..0 5,.0 4,.0 3..7 2 .7 4..0 8.,0 8.,0 7..0 6..7 6,.7 6..3 6,,7 6,,7 6..3 6.,3 5..7 6..0 5,.3 5..3 6.,7 6.,7 6..3 6.,7 6.,0 5..3 5.,3 7..0 6..3 6.,0 5..7 6..0 5..3 4,,3 8..0 7..0 6..3 6,.3 6..3 6..0 6..7 6.,0 6..0 5..7 6..7 5..7 5..3 5..0 7.1 6.9 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.7 2,.7 5..3 5..3 5..3 4.7 4 .0 4..7 4..3 4..3 4.3 LSD 1 .8 1..6 1..8 2..0 1.5 0.05 Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 - best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = poorest quality. N.E. Christians and R.W. Moore The Kentucky bluegrass plots in this trial were established in 1979 and the study was maintained at lawn height for nine seasons. In the fall of 1988, the mowing height was slowly reduced to 1 in to test the cultivars under conditions similar to a Kentucky bluegrass fairway. The study will be irrigated as needed and fertilized at a rate of 4 lb N/1000 ft 2 /yr in the future. In 1989, the lack of irrigation water at the research station resulted in the area being maintained in a nonirrigated condition. No July data were collected because of uniform dormancy on the study area. Surprisingly, two older varieties, Wabash and Merion, were the best performers in 1989 (Table 11). It was also surprising that Adelphi, a variety known for its tolerance of low mowing heights, was the lowest rated cultivar. These unusual responses were likely due to the lack of irrigation water and the severe stress of the 1988 and 1989 seasons. The data is of interest, however, because of the fact that many of the Kentucky bluegrass fairways on Iowa courses are not irrigated. The study will be irrigated as necessary when irrigation water is available in future years. Table 11. The 1989 quality ratings for the fairway height Kentucky bluegrass trial. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Cultivar May June Aug Sept Oct Mean WABASH MERION (WTN) H-7 A-20 FANFARE ASPEN BARBIE PLUSH VICTA GLADE (WTN) 1-13 PARK S YDS PORT SENIC TOUCHDOWN N-535 BONNIEBLUE K3-160 TRENTON PARADE CHERI COLUMBIA P-164-B K76-86-4 COMMON BRISTOL RUGBY AMERICA BFB-35 PENNSTAR VANTAGE ENMUNDI SV 0 1617 RAM-I ARISTA FYLKING MAJESTIC (WTN) A-34 SVING KIMONO NUGGET MIDNIGHT BARON BIRKA MERIT A-20-6 AQUILLA ESCORT ADELPHI 7.3 7.3 8.3 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.3 6.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 7.3 6.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 5.7 6.3 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 7.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 4.7 5.3 5.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.3 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.3 5.0 5.3 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 3.7 4.7 4.0 3.7 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.7 8.0 7.0 6.3 7.0 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.7 5.3 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.0 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.7 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.1 LSD 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.05 Quality based on a scale of 9 to 1: 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 - poorest quality. R.G. Roe and N.E. Christians This study is being conducted on the Turfgrass Research Plots at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station near Ames, Iowa. The purpose of the study is to investigate the suitability of 11 species of ornamental grass to the Iowa climate. It is expected that the trial will run for five to eight years. The 11 species in the trial are blue stem flndropogon), feather grass (Sf/pa), fountain grass (JPennisetum), hair grass (JDeschampsia), moor grass (Molinea), northern sea oats (Chasmanthium), reed grass (Calamagrostis), ribbon grass (Phalaris), silver grass (Miscanthus), switch grass (iPanicum), and wild rye (Elymus). A total of 34 cultivars of these 11 species, two plants of each cultivar, were planted in mid-September of 1989. The grass plants were supplied at a substantial discount by the Kurt Blumel Nursery, Maryland, a premier ornamental grass nursery in the U.S. The area chosen for the study is on the west side of the turfgrass maintenance building. Sixty-eight plots measuring 4 ft by 5 ft were placed in a bow-shaped bed measuring 270 ft by 5 ft (Figure 4). The grasses were planted with the tallest, giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus floridulus 'Giganteus'), in the center. The remaining grasses were placed, in descending size, with the two plants of each cultivar planted on the right and left of the center grass plot. Each plot is of sufficient size to allow adequate growth of the grasses, and to enable them to grow without competition. The plants were well watered at establishment and were watered regularly until freezing. Data on survivability were taken when growth began in the spring of 1990. By June 1, the following grasses were showing 100% survival, and were in active growth (Table 12). The remaining grasses exhibited 50% or 100% death loss the first winter. Further studies will be needed on these grasses to determine their suitability for Iowa. These results are very preliminary, and several more years will be required before a definitive plant list can be determined. Table 12. Survival rate of ornamental grass study - 1989. Common / Botanical Name 1. Giant Chinese Silver Grass Miscanthus floridulus 'Giganteus' 2. Silver Feather Miscanthus sinensis 'Silberfeder' 3. Tall Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea ssp arundinacea 'Sky Race' 4. Tall Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulia ssp arundinacea 'Windspiel' 5. Japanese Silver Grass Miscanthus sinensis 6. Japanese Silver Grass Miscanthus sinensis 'November Sunset' 7. Tall Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea ssp arundinacea 8. Tall Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea ssp arundinacea 'Staefa' 100 50 percent percent survival kill 100 percent kill X X X X X X X X Common / Botanical name 9. Switch Grass Panicum virgatum 10. Feather Reed Grass Calamagrostis acutiflora stricta 11. Mountain's Friend Molinea caerulea ssp arundinacea 'Bergfreund' 12. Karl Foerster's Feather Reed Calamagrostis arundinacea 'Karl Foerster' 13. Tall Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea ssp arundinacea 'Transparent' 14. Big Blue Stem Andropogon gerardi 15. Scottish Tufted Hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa 'Schottland' 16. Variegated Maiden Grass Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' 17. Giant Feather Grass Stipa gigantea 18. Giant Blue Wild Rye Grass Elymus giganteus 'Vahl Glaucus' 19. Small Japanese Silver Grass Miscanthus oligostachys 20. Red Switch Grass Panicum virgatum 'Haense Herms' 21. Red Switch Grass Panicum virgatum 'Rehbrun' 22. Red Switch Grass Panicum virgatum Rotstrahlbusch' 23. Fountain Grass Pennisetum alopecuroides 24. Feather Grass Stipa capillata 25. Northern Sea Oats Chasmanthium latifolium 26. Tufted Hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa 'Bronzeschleier' 27. Tufted Hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa 'Goldgehaenge' 28. Tufted hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa 'Tautraeger' 29. Late Blooming Tufted Hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa tardiflora 30. Tufted Hair Grass Deschampsia caespitosa 'Goldstaub' 31. Blue Wild Rye Elymus glaucus 32. Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea 33. Sorceress of the Bog Molinia caerulea 'Moorhexe' 34. 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Gleason Trials were conducted on a bentgrass green at Veenker Memorial Golf Course, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Fungicides were applied to bentgrass maintained at 5/32 in cutting height, using a modified bicycle sprayer at 30 psi and a dilution rate of 5 gal/1000 ft 2 . The experimental design was a randomized, complete-block plan with three replications. Treated plots were alternated with untreated plots, so that no treated plots were adjacent to each other. All plots measured 4 ft by 5 ft. Fungicides were applied on a 14, 21, or 28 day schedule (Table 18). Applications began on June 1 and continued through August 10, 1989. Application of three treatments of BAS 480 were not begun until weather was judged to favor Brown Patch activity (June 29). Plots were evaluated for percent of diseased turf on July 26 and August 10. Brown Patch development on July 26 was light and sporadic. By August 10, disease development on check plots was severe. On August 10, several treatments had Brown Patch development that was not significantly less than the check plots. These included Vorlan DF at 2.0 oz and Terraneb 65W at 3.5 oz. Most treatments reduced Brown Patch symptoms significantly below levels in check plots on August 10, and eight of these treatments gave 100% suppression of Brown Patch. Several treatments produced a slightly enhanced green color in the turf on August 10. These included: Cyproconazole, SAN 832F, Banner, and RH-3866 at all rates tested. •d 4J « 1d0 x> -0 X3 X> Ü fe cd bÛ G bû o cd 3 •ö St o o o o o o o o o o o o fe fe fe cd r-o o o o o o o tá Q) CO cd 0) cosO Csl O C d o o o o bû^ G co ^ e cd •H "O H— •h o o o o o o o o X) x5 ' d ' d *d O o O O co CO o o o o Ü •s O co co CM o o co cd cd o o 43 í í >t <1- o co co CM rH O r-l rH CO r- *d *d fe o o o fe CO o o Cd o o o CM - t CM CM fe fe fe fe X X X o o oo CM o o o o o o o o CM CM CM CM co cd 0) co o G co o OOO o o o sí 0) o fei . X CO O cd m co G X cd X a) fe r-l ed a) o V co o 6 bû 0 II X X fe H M o 0) X o Mt SÍ w cu w CM O . sO + o+ X in fe ih m ^ m i I LOOS CM \co rH 0) < t cm CM Sj" rH rH c SO r—I O S SO SO SO M c Vi O o pq eQ cQ oq > fe > fe fe Q m CM X e s O o 0) VV fe o o fe O fel fe CO O bûr—I C fe X fe X cd o fe X o O rH i C0 O G O cd I O 0) cd G SH o cd 0 r-l fe < on Ram-I Kentucky Bluegrass M.L. Gleason Trials were conducted on the Turfgrass Research Plots at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station near Ames, Iowa. Fungicides were applied to Ram-I bluegrass maintained at a 2 in cutting height with a modified bicycle sprayer at 30 psi and a dilution rate of 5 gal/1000 ft 2 . The experimental design was a randomized, complete-block with four replications. Treated plots were alternated with untreated plots, so that treated plots did not adjoin each other. All plots measured 4 ft by 5 ft. Fungicides were applied on a 14, 21, or 28 day schedule (Table 19). Applications began on June 1 and continued through August 10. The only exception was Bravo 90 DG, which was not applied until June 15. Plots were evaluated for severity of disease symptoms on July 11 and August 10. The trial was set-up and fungicides were selected for control of leaf spot. However, Dollar Spot also appeared during the trials. Development of Dollar Spot is rated in this report. Damage to the plots from sod webworm and bluegrass billbug was severe on both rating dates. This factor complicated the interpretation of disease development. Dollar Spot appeared in early July. Disease pressure was very low on the first rating date, and moderate when the second rating was made. Symptoms took the form of generalized browning and yellowing within plots. On July 11, disease development was significantly more severe in Daconil and Bravo treatments than in Check plots. On August 10, all treatments gave significantly better disease control than the check plots. Four treatments gave 100% suppression of Dollar Spot on August 10. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed on either rating date. 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H •5c * 4fi-> O O fe fe 0 0 O fe 4J O uo CJ> uo c d c d en w • w • u U fe u O V iH iH CO• en fi fe W fi cd LO• UO en • en rH U 0 0 iH rH e n o iH iH en bû Ü fi rH rH fi W -o cd cd en H en u fi fi O fi o LO uo i 0 w 0 3M en bû en bû Cd cd o cd o rH iH u cd fi rH cd O cd o u H UO uo fe u U H H bû bû »H bû rH iH iH bû fe bû fe Cd Cd •H cd •H i i H iH O •—i O 1—1 en en O en o 23 23 fi U U ed cd cd O O fe fe fe X X H PQ fe + + + + + co iH Mf rH uo iH VO rH iH 00 iH U O W fe iH rH rH Mf UO O rH iH LO LO iH rH i 1 23 O O X X /"N O O fe fe 1 i co CO o o co co ^ s«/ O O O O O LO LO UO r^ uo U u CM CM CM CM co fe w • • • • • rH fe O O O O o Mf Mf LO uo UO fe CM O O r - r^ r^ fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe O UO UO uo lO uo uo to CM fe fe fe fe fe fe fe i 1 i i i i 1 S S3 25 55 23 23 25 23 O O O O O O O 0 X X X X X X X H ON O iH CM co Mf uo vo r - oo ON O iH CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co io o • o a en -1 G.T. Spear and N.E. Christians The 1989 postemergence annual grass control study was located at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station near Ames, on a Nassau Kentucky bluegrass turf established September 22, 1988. The soil is a Nicolett (fine-loamy, mixed mesic, Aquic Hapludoll) soil with a pH of 7.5, 26 lb/A phosphorus (P), 198 lb/A potassium (K), and 2.3% organic matter. The area was seeded with crabgrass at a rate of 1 lb seed/1000 ft 2 on September 22, 1988, and again on April 21, 1989. The treatments included American Hoechst's Acclaim and experimental products - HOE 360 and HRAV 01129. Acclaim also was used in combination with PRE-M, Trimec, PRE-M + Trimec, Team, and Turflon Amine. Other treatments included Monsanto's experimental products Mon 15104, Mon 15111, Mon 15112, Mon 15151, and Mon 15175; BASF's Basagran and BAS 514 OOH + BAS 090; and Fermenta's MSMA + Dacthal. Liquid treatments were applied to 25 ft 2 plots in three replications on June 16, 1989, in the equivalent of 2.75 gal water/1000 f t . Granular treatments were applied with a hand-held shaker. Repeat applications of BAS 514 OOH + BAS 090 (Treatments 6 - 9) were made July 14, 1989. Phototoxicity data were recorded several times throughout the season (Table 21). The lower ratings on the last three dates were taken by research technician Richard Moore and are based on a quality scale where 9 = the best possible turf quality. The greatest damage was observed at each date on grass treated with the Acclaim 1EC at the higher rate (Treatment 11) and on the HOE-360 14H at the highest rate (Treatment 15). The MSMA + Dacthal 6F plots showed significant phototoxicity on June 22, 1989, but recovered by the next reading, June 27, 1989. The 1989 growing season was drier than usual for the second straight year. The area was irrigated to keep the bluegrass from going dormant. In spite of the irrigation, the severe drought in the spring and summer resulted in delayed germination of crabgrass and resulted in smaller crabgrass plants than usual for the time of year. The crabgrass counts were made August 16, 1989. Many treatments provided excellent season-long crabgrass control (Table 22). These included all of the BAS 514 OOH + BAS 090 treatments; Pre-M + Trimec; Acclaim 4- Pre-M; Acclaim + Pre-M + Turflon Amine; Acclaim + Pre-M + Trimec; MON 15104, MON 15175, MON 15151, MON 15111, and MON 15112 at all rates; Basagran + Oil Concentrate at the higher rate; and MSMA + Dacthal 6F. Some treatments in the study provided unacceptable crabgrass control. These included Acclaim 1 EC at both rates; HOE-360 14H at all rates; Basagran and Basagran + Oil Concentrate at the lower rate; Acclaim + Team at the higher rate; and Acclaim + Pre-M + Trimec (Treatment 39). 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N / l U O U s q . l ' L . - O N E APPLICATION VISUAL QUALITY RATINGS RATINGS SASEJ OH 9 - 1 RATING. 9=SEST QUAL'TV, 6=ACCEPIABLE QUALITY AND DATE I =MO LIVE GRASS. FIGURE 12 SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY -1 II». N / 1 0 0 0 s < i . n . - O N E A P P L I C A T I O N WEEKLY QUALITY R A T I N G S AomroRM IBDU SCU 5/31 5.5 7.0 8.0 6/6 5.0 8.0 7.0 6/15 5.5 8.0 7.0 6/2 I 5.5 8.0 7.0 6/28 4.5 8.0 6.0 7/5 7/12 7/25 8/5 6.5 8.0 4.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 5.5 8/10 4.5 3.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 4.0 8/18 8/24 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 5.0 9/1 4.5 4.0 4.0 9/8 9/15 5.U 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.5 9/21 5.0 4.5 4.5 9/29 5.0 4.5 5.0 10/6 5.0 5.0 4.5 10/20 4.0 4.5 4.0 RATINGS BASED ON 9 - 1 RATING. 9=BEST QUALITY, 6=ACCEPTA13LE QUALITY AND 1 = N 0 LIVE GRASS. SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY 4 Ib. N/iOOO s q . n . - O N E CLIPPING YIELD APPLICATION (g) AGRIFORM 300 r 250 r IBDU • SCU 20C - _J I I L. N ,oN DATE CLIPPING V:£.DS ARE IN GRAMS PER 14 sq.fl. C~ PLOT FIGURE 13 SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY 4 l b . N / 1 0 0 0 sq.FL.-ONE APPLICATION WEEKLY CLIPPING YIELD ( g ) AGRIFORM IBDU SCU 143 137 247 6/6 50 79 6/13 50 115 111 6/21 46 41 93 84 70 71 50 94 22 41 42 69 52 57 5/3 I 6/28 7/5 7/12 7/25 8/3 8/10 74 29 53 41 21 23 35 30 26 18 24 24 9/1 21 28 30 32 9/8 32 54 63 63 9/21 14 8/18 8/24 CLIPPING YIELDS ARE IN GRAMS PER 14 sq.fl. OP PLOT ' 18 18 SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY 4 I b . / 1 0 0 0 s 4 . f l . IN SPLIT APPLICATIONS. VISUAL QUALITY RATINGS Q AGRIFORM 5 r IBDU SCU UREA-BALANCED UREA-STANDARD _I vA <<\ j ><\ j <0\ I 1 N 1 'V A A L. _l b <(} I I L_ °> q>\ o>\ q>\ N°\p\ DATE RATINGS EASED ON A 9 - 1 SCALE 9=SES7 GUGLITY. 6=AC CEP TABLE QUALITY AND 1=M0 LIVE GRASS. FIGURE 14 SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY <1 l b . / i O O O s q . f l . IN SPLIT APPLICATIONS. WEEKLY QUALITY RATINGS SOU UREA-BALANCED UREA-STANDARD 3.5 5.0 G.O 4.5 6.0 5.0 4.5 3.0 3.U 6.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 8/10 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 8.0. 4.5 6.0 6.0 4.0 6.5 8.0 8/18 5.5 4.5 7.0 8.0 6.5 8/24 7.0 6.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 9/1 9/8 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 6.5 5.0 AGRIFORM IIJUU 5/31 3.0 6/6 3.0 6/13 6/2 i 6/26 7/5 7/12 7/25 8/3 0.0 5.5 ' 4.0 4.5 - 5.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 7.5 9/15 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 "5.5 9/2! 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 5.0 9/29 10/6 6.5 7.0 0.5 7.0 6.5 5.5 0.0 7.0 0.3 10/20 G.O 5.0 7.0 5.0 RATINGS BASED ON 9 - 1 RATING. 9=BEST OUOLITY, 6=ACCEPTABLE QUALITY AND 1 = N 0 LIVE GRASS. 6.0 7.0 SIERRA CORP ÄGRIFORM STUDY '1 lb./1OOO s q . I T . IN SPLIT CLIPPING YILLD 160 APPLICATIONS. (q) AGRIFORM IBDU SCU UREA—BALANCED UREA-STANDARD ^ U V V g ^ A i N V V ^ Ar? DATE CLIPPING YIELDS ARE IM GRAMS PER 14 sq.ft. OF PLOT FÌGURE 15 SIERRA CORP AGRIFORM STUDY 4 I b . / i U O O sq.IT.. IN SPLIT A P P L I C A T I O N S . WEEKLY CLIPPING Y I E L D ( G ) AGRIFORM IBDU SCU UREA-BALANCED UREA-STANDARD 5/31 85 63 96 144 100 6/6 27 46 34 44 30 6/13 24 40 30 32 21 6/21 24 30 26 28 23 6/2S 27 36 34 57 39 57 56 67 86 7/12 7/25 22 ' 34 28 28 40 46 27 27 8/3 28 28 31 20 17 37 7/5 19 27 . 8/10 33 27 38 40 8/18 33 23 47 60 46 8/24 40 50 64 45 9/1 38 67 76 9/8 94 130 75 104 97 72 9/21 26 32 22 24 18 . CLIPPING YIELDS ARE IN GRAMS PER 14 sq.ft. OF PLOT 71 ' 51 M.L. Agnew In the spring of 1989, a natural organic nitrogen (N) trial was established on a four-year-old Park Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) stand. The grass was mowed weekly with clippings removed, dried, and recorded. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 1 in of water/wk. Rainfall was scarce, therefore, the area exhibited signs of environmental stress throughout the summer. Due to a lack of irrigation water, no water was applied after September 1, 1989. The purpose of this study was to compare eight natural organic fertilizers to urea Treatments included Bioturf 10-4-4, Sustane medium grade 5-2-4, Sustane fine grade 5-2-4, ISU experimental (10% N), Milorganite 6-2-0, Natures Preference 5-3-5, Ringer 10-2-6, Ringer 6-1-3, Urea 46-0-0, and a control. All fertilizers were applied at 1 lb N/1000 ft 2 on May 15, June 15, August 15, and September 15, 1989. This study was replicated three times in a randomized, complete-block design. Individual plot dimensions are 5 ft by 10 ft. Data collected during the summer of 1989 included visual quality and clipping yields. All plots were rated weekly on a visual scale of 9 to 1. A rating of 9 is equal to a dark-green, dense turf, whereas a rating of 1 is equal to a straw-brown turfgrass stand. Due to limited water, a rating of 6.0 was used as the minimum acceptable level of quality. Clipping yields were collected on a weekly basis or when enough grass was present to collect. Clippings were collected by removing all the leaf tissue above 2 in within a 21 in by 10 ft area (17.5 ft 2 ) down the center of each plot. Clippings were placed in paper sacks and dried. Weights were recorded as grams per 17.5 ft 2 . Table 36 shows the clipping yield data for 1989. Statistical differences were observed only during the early part of the study. As expected, plots fertilized with urea produced the most clippings. Plots fertilized with Natures Preference produced the least amount of clippings. In addition, Natures Preference had an adverse effect on plant growth, as noted by a depressed overall clipping yield total. All other organic N products performed similarly to each other. Table 37 shows the visual quality ratings for 1989. Urea, fine grade Sustane, and Ringer 6-1-3 had the best overall rating. Only the control and Natures Preference had an overall rating below the acceptable level of 6. Natures Preference performance did not fall off until mid-July, after which it performed poorly. The response to individual fertilizers following application varied greatly. For example, urea treated plots responded quickly and gradually lost color. Plots fertilized with natural organic fertilizer sources were slower to green-up, but maintained color for longer periods. This provided continuous quality while maintaining a slower growth rate. In addition, the quality difference between urea and the natural organic fertilizers is not great enough to outweigh the lower amount of clippings produced by the natural organics. Finally, all the fertilizer sources were evaluated as to their spreadability. Except for the ISU experimental and Natures Preference, all fertilizer sources were easy to spread. The ISU Experimental was applied in a powder form and great care was needed when applying to prevent the loss of material. The size of Natures' Preference granules was very irregular, making fertilizer application difficult. This study will continue for two more years. 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Agnew This study compares the effects of water soluble slow release fertilizers when applied alone or in combination with urea. The grass is a 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass that was established in the fall of 1987. The grass is mowed at 2 in and watered to prevent drought stress. Besides a preemergence crabgrass control, no other pesticides are applied to the treatment area. The liquid nitrogen (N) sources are Formolene, Blue Chip, and spray grade IBDU. Treatments were applied on June 13 and August 24, 1989. Each fertilizer treatment was applied at a 1 lb. N/1000 ft 2 rate. Fertilizer sources were applied at both the 1 lb rate and 0.5 lb rate in combination with 0.5 lb of urea. Plots measured 5 ft by 5 ft. Quality ratings were taken on a weekly basis for five weeks following treatment. Visual quality is rated on a scale of 1 to 9, with 9 = best quality, 6 = acceptable quality, and 1 = no live grass. Clippings were collected with each mowing for four weeks following treatment. Fresh weights of the clippings were recorded. The quality data for the first fertilizer treatment is included in Figure 16. Urea and formolene plus urea were the only treatment to have an acceptable overall quality. This data is reflective of a treatment applied prior to the onset of stress. The quality data for the second fertilizer treatment is included in Figure 17. Only Powder Blue, IBDU + urea, and the control had overall quality levels less than the acceptable level. The response of the second treatment is reflective of good growing conditions until mid-September. All irrigation at the research site was terminated at this time. The clipping data for the first fertilizer treatment is included in Figure 18. Treatment differences were not evident during this period. Fertilizer source did not compensate for environmental stress. Under more optimal weather conditions, clipping yield differences were evident (Figure 19). 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T3 O) rH M © oM T© J «M 4M 3 rH © § 4 4O © MTJ3 00 O) rH I rHOCOrHOmOCOOmtOCO^CO 00 Sc O -H g. ooor^cooor«.r<.ooor^ r^ © co©Œ®N©©ONNOCO>ÎO © J H M 3 •S A -H O rH © W rHuoO fe *H •J < O c H sr Ç • H > C 3 X 0 0 M -H 42U H W fe W©M - © 4?3 W W W H c E f e W a s i H D 3 U J H i n c N a o t f i - i m H - H N Q N CM| OírHtOrHOJmr^rHOCMOOCMOCO © 3 fe O w co n i ú « í N m N o o ) c o m n o ) c o N 0)CMCMCOCOrHOO>CMCOO)CMO)in M rH r * co •a CMr^OOCMOOOCOCOCMrHr^COrH U rH rH coH-corvmcocooooco-j-r^rHio m H O O O C O O m i O H O I M O H cMcooomcoroo>ocMco«nioo)rH © rH OCOr^COOOOCr)rHCMrHr«.^rrHH•a--a-co»ncMr^ omroioinoioiocommoHH g -H C -ri E © c (0 u 00 H < í i r i s r H N o c o N i O N > í n ( j ) « W D >H X rH 4fe 2 -rHfe -O+3 -HOrH© 3O GrHHTC C r3HU^ JHC>OOf e X © OOM M © >—I• ErH o CO © UHC0WM®43« HH r•H U u « 43 Performance of Four Nitrogen Fertilizers M.L. Agnew This study compares the effects of core cultivation on the performance of four granular nitrogen (N) sources. The study was established on May 20, 1988, and is to continue through 1990. The turf is Park Kentucky bluegrass established in the fall of 1987. The grass is mowed weekly at 2 in and all clippings are removed. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 1.5 in/wk until September 1. No additional irrigation was applied after September 1 due a lack of irrigation water at the research station. Treatments included five N treatments and two cultivation treatments. The fertilizer included milorganite, Blue Chip, Scotts methylene urea (41-0-0), ISU Experimental (natural organic), and a nonfertilized control. Cultivation treatments included core cultivation and noncultivated control. Treatments were applied on May 5 and August 15, 1989. Each fertilizer was applied immediately following each cultivation treatment. This study was replicated three times in a randomized, complete-block design. Individual plot sizes are 5 ft x 10 ft. Data collected included visual quality and clipping yields. Visual quality is based on a scale of 1 to 9 with 9 = to dark-green, dense turfgrass, 6 = to minimum acceptable quality, and 1 = to straw turf. Clipping yields were collected on a weekly basis by removing all the leaf tissue above 2 in within a 21 in x 10 ft area (17.5 ft 2 ), down the center of each plot. Clippings were placed in paper sacks and dried. Weights were recorded as g/17.5 ft 2 . Visual quality data is presented in Table 40. There were no differences between cultivation treatments or fertilizer x cultivation interaction. The data presented in Table 40 is a total summary of each treatment. All fertilizer sources consistently had better quality than the untreated control (Figure 20). Scott's 41-0-0 fertilizer greened-up the quickest in the spring and maintained acceptable quality throughout the growing season. The ISU Experimental fertilizer performed similarly to the Scotts product. Milorganite and Blue Chip demonstrated a consistently lower quality during the spring and summer. Milorganite quality was equivalent to the ISU Experimental product in the fall. Clipping yield data is presented in Table 41. The ISU Experimental had the greatest total clipping production, followed by Scott's 41-0-0, Milorganite, and Blue Chip. All fertilizers had greater clipping production when compared to the nonfertilized control (Figure 21). Core cultivation had a negative effect on May 22 and June 20 (Figure 22). 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Horticulture Department. Professor, Turfgrass Science. Research and Teaching. Horticulture Department. Mr. Robert Clause Mr. Pat Emge Ms. Paula Flynn Field Technician. Horticulture Department Field Technician. Horticulture Department Dr. Mark Gleason Extension Associate. Plant Disease Clinic Assistant Professor, Extension Plant Pathologist. Plant Pathology Department. Mr. Bill Greenwell Field Technician. Horticulture Department Ms. Harlene HattermanValenti Extension Associate. Weed Science Department. Graduate Student Ph.D. (Christians/Owen). Dr. Clinton Professor, Turfgrass Science. Hodges Research and Teaching. Horticulture Department. Dr. Young Joo Ms. Susan Kassmeyer Visiting Scientist. Horticulture Department. Dr. Donald Lewis Extension Associate. Horticulture Department. Associate Professor, Extension Entomologist. Entomology Department. Mr. Kristin Lien Field Technician. Horticulture Department. Ms. Dianna Liu Graduate Student and Research Associate. Horticulture Department PhD. (Christians). Mr. Richard Moore Mr. Glenn Pearston Research Associate. Horticulture Department. Computer Consultant. Horticulture Department. Mr. Gary Petersen Jasper County Extension Director and Graduate Student. Horticulture Department M.S. (Agnew, M.). Mr. Paul Ritter Field Technician. Horticulture Department. Mr. Roger Roe Graduate Student and Research Associate. Horticulture Department M.S. (Christians/Agnew N.) Mr. Grant Spear Graduate Student and Research Associate. Horticulture Department M.S. (Christians). Mr. Doug Struyk Field Technician. Horticulture Department. We would also like to thank Mark Stoskopf, Superintendent of the Horticulture Research Station, and Adrian Lucas, William Emley, and Lynn Schroeder for their support during the last year. or Supplied Products to the Iowa State University Turfgrass Research Program Special thanks are expressed to the Big Bear Turf Equipment Company and Cushman Turf for providing a Cushman Truckster, a mataway, and a Lawn-Aire IV for use at the research area in 1989; to Tri-State Turf and Irrigation for providing a Greensmaster III Triplex Greensmower for use on the research green; to the Toro Company and Tri-State Turf and Irrigation for providing a Toro 84 Triplex mower. American Hoechst Corporation Agricultural Chemicals Department Route 1 - Box 7 Brownsdale, Minnesota 55918 BASF Corporation 1000 Cherry Hill Road Parsippany, New Jersey 07054 Big Bear Turf Equipment Company 10405 \J' Street Omaha, Nebraska 68127 Brayton Chemical Company 215 North Sumner Street West Burlington, Iowa 52655-0437 Dow / Elanco Midland, Michigan 48674 Dupont Incorporated 1007 Market Street Wilmington, Delaware 19898 EniChem Americas, Inc. Research and Development Center 2000 Princeton Corporation Center Monmouth Junction, New Jersey 08852 E-Z-Go Textron Post Office Box 388 Augusta, Georgia 30906 CelPril Industries 251 Oak Street Manteca, California 95336 Fermenta Plant Protection Company Post Office Box 348 7528 Auburn Road Painesville, Ohio 44077 CIBA-Geigy Corporation Agriculture Division Greensboro, North Carolina 27049 Grain Processing Corporation Post Office Box 349 Muscatine, Iowa 52761 Cushman Turf 5232 Cushman Lincoln, Nebraska 68501 Grace SIERRA Post Office Box 4003 Milpitas, California 95035-2003 D & K Turf Products 8121 Parkview Drive Urbandale, Iowa 50322 GrassRoots Turf 6143 Southwest 63rd Des Moines, Iowa 50321 Hawkeye Chemical Company Post Office Box 899 Clinton, Iowa 52732 International Seeds 820 First Street Post Office Box 168 Halsey, Oregon 97348 Iowa Golf Course Superintendents Association Iowa Professional Lawn Care Association Iowa Turf Producers and Contractors Iowa Turfgrass Institute Lebanon Chemical Corporation Country Club Fertilizer Division Post Office Box 180 Lebanon, Pennsylvania 17042 LESCO Incorporated 300 South Abbe Road Elyria, Ohio 44035 NOR-AM Chemical Company 3509 Silverside Road Post Office Box 7495 Wilmington, Delaware 19803 PBI/Gordon Corporation 1217 West 12th Street Post Office Box 4090 Kansas City, Missouri 64101-9984 Pickseed West Incorporated Post Office Box 888 Tangent, Oregon 97389 Professional Turf Specialties Inc. 133 Kenyon Road Champaign, Illinois 61820 Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Company Black Horse Lane Post Office Box 125 Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 Ringer Corporation 9959 Valley View Road Minneapolis, Minnesota 55344 O. M. Scott and Sons 14111 Scottslawn Road Marysville, Ohio 43041 Loft-Kellogg Seed 322 East Florida Street Post Office Box 684 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 Ross Daniels Ine 1720 Fuller Road West Des Moines, Iowa 50265 Milorganite 735 North Water Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53200 Spraying Systems Company N Avenue at Schmale Road Wheaton, Illinois 60187 Monsanto Company Agricultural Products Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63167 Sustance Corporation 1107 Hazeltine Boulevard Chaska, Minnesota 55318 Spring Valley Turf Products 1891 Spring Valley Road Jackson, Wisconsin 53037 Tri State Turf & Irrigation Co. 6125 Valley Drive Bettendorf, Iowa 52722 Terra Chemical Corporation Box 218 Quimby, Iowa 51049 UAP Special Products Omaha, Nebraska 68100 The Toro Company Irrigation Division Riverside, California 92500 * In preparing this information for the field day report, some companies may have inadvertently been missed. If your company has provided financial or material support for the research program, and is not mentioned above, please contact Nick Christians, Iowa State University, Department of Horticulture, Ames, Iowa 50011. Your company name will be added to future reports.