TZ?/ c VWfi t * J 1982 IOWA TURFGRASS FIELD DAY AND EQUIPMENT SHOW Thursday July 29, 1982 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION AMES, IOWA The f i r s t p r o j e c t s i n t h e new f i e l d t u r f g r a s s r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m a t I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y we r e b e g u n i n 1 9 7 9 . T h e s e a r e a s we r e e x p a n d e d i n t h e f a l l o f 1 9 8 0 and t h e f i r s t f i e l d d a y r e p o r t was p u b l i s h e d f o r l a s t y e a r ' s f i e l d d a y w h i c h was h e l d on J u n e 1 8 , 1 9 8 1 . The f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t i s t h e s e c o n d t o be p u b l i s h e d . It contains i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e p r o j e c t s w h i c h we r e d i s c u s s e d i n l a s t y e a r s f i e l d d a y i n a d d i t i o n t o r e p o r t s on a s e r i e s o f o t h e r s t u d i e s c o n d u c t e d a t I o wa S t a t e l a s t y e a r . T h o s e o f you who w e r e p r e s e n t a t t h e 1981 f i e l d da y w I l I n o t i c e t h a t t h e p l o t a r e a h a s been e x p a n d e d by a p p r o x i m a t e l y on e a c r e . The new a r e a t o t h e e a s t o f t h e e q u i p m e n t b u i l d i n g was e s t a b l i s h e d i n Aug ust of 1981. I t i n c l u d e s f o u r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w h i c h w i l l be i n c l u d e d in t o d a y ' s program. The e x p a n s i o n w h i c h h a s t a k e n p l a c e s i n c e 1 9 7 9 was made p o s s l b l t h r o u g h g r a n t s f r o m t h e I o wa T u r f g r a s s I n s t i t u t e , t h e I o wa G o l f C o u r s e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t s A s s o c i a t i o n , and t h r o u g h d o n a t i o n s made by t h e c o m p a n i e s l i s t e d a t t h e end o f t h i s r e p o r t . The p r o f i t s f r o m a c t i v i t i e s s u c h a s t h e f i e l d d a y , t h e I o wa T u r f g r a s s C o n f e r e n c e and the upcoming g o l f t o ur nament are v e r y i mpo r t ant in making r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s of t h i s type p o s s i b l e . On b e h a l f o f t h e I o wa T u r f g r a s s I n s t i t u t e and I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , I w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k y ou f o r a t t e n d i n g i n t h i s y e a r s f i e l d day. N i c k C h r i s t i an s J u l y 19 8 2 -1- PROGRAM Thursday 9:30 July 29, a. m. to 1982 3:30 8:00 - 9 : 1 5 .................. R e g i s t r a t i o n 9:15 - 9 : 3 0 ..................O p e n i n g remarks 9:30 - 1 2 : 0 0 ................V i e w i n g of 12:00 1:30 - - p.rn. and Coffee and research with exhibitors introductions area 1 : 3 0 ................L u n c h 3 : 3 0 ..................A f t e r n o o n I n c a s e o f r a i n , an research sta tio n . indoor Educational morning -2- program Program is planned at the HORN I MG PROGRAM T h e r e a r e 10 s t u d i e s on t h e r e s e a r c h a r e a t h a t we w i l I be l o o k ­ ing at t h i s m o r n i n g . Mos t of the a r e a s in t o d a y ' s program are e i t h e r new o r a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h o s e w h i c h we r e v i e w e d a t l a s t y e a r ' s f i e l d day. T h e r e i s a n u mb e r on t h e b a c k o f y o u r l u n c h t i c k e t w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d s t o 1 o f t h e 10 a r e a s . A t 9 : 3 0 you w i l I be i n s t r u c t e d t o g o t o t h e s t u d y w i t h t h e s ame nu mber a s t h a t on y o u r t i c k e t ( s e e map) . T h e r e w i l I be 15 r.ii n u t e s a I l owed f o r e a c h s t o p . Each p r e s e n t ­ ation wilI l a s t f r o m 7 t o G m i n u t e s and t h e r e w i l I be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 minutes for q u e s t i o n s . A t t h e end o f 13 m i n u t e s a h o r n w i l I b l o w and y o u r g r o u p w i l I h a v e 2 m i n u t e s t o move t o t h e n e x t s t o p . Each g r o u p w i l l s e e a l l 10 r e s e a r c h a r e a s . T h e r e a r e mo r e t h a n 10 s t u d i e s on t h e r e s e a r c h p l o t s . Many o f t h e s e i n v e s t i g a t i e n s w i l l h a v e s i g n s on t h e m. P l e a s e fool f r e e to v i s i t a ny of t h e s e a r e a s d u r i n g I unci, or a f t e r 3 : 3 0 . The s t a f f i n v o l v e d i n p r e s e n t i n g t h e m o r n i n g p r o g r a m w i l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r q u e s t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t the day. The r e s e a r c h a r e a s t h a t w i l I be d i s c u s s e d t h i s m o r n i n g and t h e i n d i v i d u a l s who w i l l be p r e s e n t i n g t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a r e a s f o l l o w s : 1. Fungicide Trials 2. Dentgrass C u ltiva r 1-1a n a c e me n t S t u dy 3. L a u r a S w e e t s , D e p t , of P l a n t P a t h o l ­ o g y S e e d and Weed S c i e n c e , I owa S t a t e U n i v er s i t y end D e p t , of Illinois Horticulture, P r a i r i e G r a s s and i / i l d f l ower E s t a b l i s h men t J a mes M i d c a p , D e p t , o f I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Horticulture, 4. Buffalograss ment S t u d y D a v i d B r a h m, D e p t , o f I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Horticulture, 5. Sod T h o ma s R o b e s o n , D e p t , I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y of 6. Nitrogen Study 7. Preernergence Study 8. High M ai n t en a n c e K e n t ucky B l u e g r a s s C u l t i v a r Evaluations T e r r y R i o r d a n , D e p t , of U n i v e r s i t y of Nebraska 9. Gr owt h J e f f Nus, Dept , of H o r t i c u l t u r e , I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y 10. Manage­ Establishment Fertilization Herbicide Retardant Fertilizer Study Burn Study Studies David t'ehner, U n i v e r s i t y of Nor man Hummel , D e p t , o f I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y HorticuIture, Horticulture, Mi c k C h r i s t i a n s , Dept, of H o r t i ­ c u l t u r e , I owa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y S a l l y J o h n s o n , D e pt , of I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y -3- Horticulture, Horticulture, Wildflower and Native Grass Establishment Study Buffalograss Study Premium Sorghum Sudan Parade Baron Tall Fescue Postemergence Herbicide Phytotoxicity Study Turfgrass Research Plots Summer 1982 Sod Blend Baron Liquid Fertilization Study Sod Production Study B.G. Weed Control Study Buffalograss Management Study T e x o k a l Common Sharps 1 Baron Phosphorus Fertilization Demonstration Fine Fescue Management Study Non-lrrigated Irrigated N & K Study Kentucky1Bluegrass Management Study Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar Evaluations Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Evaluations Tall FescueKentucky Fine Fescue Cultivar Bluegrass Trials Seed Mixtures _________________ 1_________________ Non-lrrigated j Irrigated Perennial Ryegrass Management Study 2 Bentgrass Cultivar Study Creeping Bentgrass Park Baron l rSocT | Liquid Fertilization i Study Re-establishmênt j Study Tall Fescue Regional Trials Enmundi Emerald Penneagle Penncross Fungicide Trials Fall Topdressing Study Emerald Penneagle Penncross Pythium Control Study Fall Topdressing Study O Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilization Study Park I Preemergence Herbicide Study I Sod Establishment Study ! N Building -4- Regional Kentucky Bluegrass Study "Low Maintenance” Map of New Field Research Area Established in the Fall of 1981 Maintenance Building Parking Area 155’ Road -253’Total Area -5- 39,215 f t 2 0.90 Acres AFTERNOON PROGRAM T h e r e a r e s i x d e m o n s t r a t i o n s s e t up f o r o u r p r o g r a m t h i s a f t e r ­ noon. Th e d e m o n s t r a t i o n s w i l l b e g i n a t 1 : 3 0 , and e a c h o f t h e s i x s t o p s w i l I be 20 m i n u t e s l o n g . G r o u p s w i l I be d i v i d e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e number on t h e b a c k o f y o u r t i c k e t . A t t h e end o f t h e 20 m i n u t e p e r i o d a h o r n w i l I b l o w and y o u r g r o u p w i l I p r o c e e d t o t h e n e x t area. I f a l I y o u r q u e s t i o n s w e r e n o t a n s w e r e d i n t h e 20 m i n u t e pe r io d , feel free to r e t u r n to a s t a t i o n at 3 : 3 0 . T h i s a f t e r n o o n ’ s p r o g r a m - s h o u l d p r o v i d e y ou w i t h a l o t o f p r a c ­ tical i n f o r m a t i o n , no m a t t e r wh a t a r e a o f t u r f g r a s s ma n a g e me n t y o u represent. H e r e a r e t h e t o p i c s and t h e i n d i v i d u a l s who w i l I p r e s e n t the i nformati o n : 1. Weed 1 d e n t i f i c a t i on 2. Pesticide S af e t y Don L e w i s , g î st 3. E q u i pment S af e t y D a v e W il 1 i ams , u r a l E ng i n e e r 4. Native 5. Sprayer 6. Mod i f i ed S o i l Prairie Plants Calibration Mi x e s Beth Green, I n t e g r a t e d ment S pe c i a 1 i s t Extension Jim M i d c a p , -6- Urban Manage- Entomolo- E x t e n s i on A g r ¡ c u l t ­ Extension F r a n k G a s p e r i n i , E. N e m o u r s & Co . Nor m Hummel , Spec i a 1i s t Pest 1. Extension H o r t i cu 1 t u r i s t DuPont De Turf g r a s s ENVI RONMENTAL I NFORMATI ON 1981 S E AS ON The n e x t 2 p a g e s i n c l u d e i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s a t t h e I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n i n t h e 1981 season. A l t h o u g h t h e t o t a l r a i n f a l l f o r t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n was a p p r o x ­ i m a t e l y 22 i n c h e s , t h e e a r l y p a r t o f 1981 was e x t r e m e l y d r y . This f o l l o w e d a v e r y d r y f a l l and w i n t e r i n 1 9 8 0 . These u n u s u a l l y dry c o n d i t i o n s a r e r e f l e c t e d i n t h e d a t a c o l l e c t e d on n o n - i r r i g a t e d studies. I r r i g a t i o n w a t e r was a v a i l a b l e t h r o u g h o u t t h e s e a s o n , a l t h o u g h some r e d u c t i o n s i n w a t e r u s e w e r e n e c e s s a r y i n J u n e and July. A v e r a g e maxi mum a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s and r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y wer e m o d e r a t e t h r o u g h o u t mos t o f t h e s e a s o n . T u r f g r a s s d i s e a s e s we r e not a s e r i o u s probl em at the r e s e a r c h area in 1981. -7- March April May June Average maximum soil and air temperatures at the ISU Horticulture Research Station for each week in the 1981 growing season. o •s CO QJ bJD =3 <=> O LO C'O CNJ <— I o -9- INDEX PAGE Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar Evaluations 11 Low Maintenance Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar Evaluations 14 Perennial Ryegrass Cultivar Evaluations 17 Fine Fescue Cultivar Trials 19 Tall Fescue Regional Trial 21 Bentgrass Management Study 23 Kentucky Bluegrass Management Study 25 Perennial Ryegrass Management Study 28 Fine Fescue Management Study 30 Growth Retardant Study 31 1981 Preemergence Study 33 1981 Broadleaf Weed Control Study 37 1981 Postemergence Annual Weed Control Study 41 Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Four Cultivars of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensisj 44 N X K Study 48 Folian Study 51 Liquid Fertilization Study 52 Phosphorus Fertilization Study 53 Results of 1981 Turfgrass Disease Control Trials 54 Low Volume Foliar Fertilization Study 57 Buffalograss Management Study 60 Fall Topdressing Study 64 Sod Production 66 -10- KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS The 49 K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s c u l + i v a r s l o c a t e d i n s e c t i o n 2 of t h e t u r f g r a s s r e s e a r c h a r e a we r e s e e d e d i n t h e f a l I o f 1 9 7 9 . These p l o t s w e r e f e r t i l i z e d a t a r a t e o f 4 lb N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t ( u r e a ) i n b o t h t h e 1 9 8 0 and 1981 s e a s o n s . No i n s e c t i c i d e s o r f u n g i c i d e s h a v e been u s e d on t h e a r e a . I r r i g a t i o n was a p p l i e d a s n e e d e d t o p r e v e n t drought. Th e r e s u l t s o f 1981 e v a l u a t i o n s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e s 1 and 2 . The v a l u e s l i s t e d u n d e r e a c h mont h a r e t h e a v e r a g e s o f r a t i n g s made on 3 r e p l i c a t e d p l o t s . Y e a r l y me a n s o f a l l t h e m o n t h s i n w h i c h d a t a we r e t a k e n a r e l i s t e d i n t h e l a s t c o l u m n . The f i r s t c u l t i v a r r e c e i v e d t h e h i g h e s t a v e r a g e r a t i n g f o r t h e e n t i r e 1981 season. The c u l t i v a r s a r e l i s t e d i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r . These c u l t i v a r s h a v e been m a i n t a i n e d f o r 2 f u l l s e a s o n s and a r e b e g i n n i n g t o b e c o me q u i t e u s e f u l f o r d e t e r m i n i n g w h i c h c u l t i v a r s can be e x p e c t e d t o p e r f o r m we l l in I owa. However, i t i s not unusual for K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s e s w h i c h p e r f o r m we l l f or t wo s e a s o n s t o d e t e r i o r a t e in q u a l i t y in l a t e r s e a s o n s . More ti me, a l o n g wi th the r e s u l t s of other Kentucky b l u e g r a s s e v a l u a t i o n s at the r es ear ch s t a t i o n , wi l I be r e q u i r e d b e f o r e a c c u r a t e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s can be made. Th e y e a r l y a v e r a g e s f o r t h e 49 c u l t i v a r s v a r i e d l i t t l e d u r i n g 1981 and a l l o f t hem m a i n t a i n e d a t l e a s t an a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y o v e r the season. A l t h o u g h S y d s p o r t r e c e i v e d the h i g h e s t o v e r a l l v a l u e s , t h e r a t i n g s f o r t h e f i r s t 19 c u l t i v a r s r o u n d e d t o 7 . 5 and t h e r e i s t e c h n i c a l l y no d i f f e r e n c e among t h e m. T h e c u l t i v a r Common, w h i c h r e c e i v e d t h e l o w e s t q u a l i t y r a t i n g , had t h e b e s t e a r l y s p r i n g c o l o r ( T a b l e 2 ) . T o u c h d o w n and N u g g e t wer e t h e s l o w e s t c u l t i v a r s t o g r e e n u p . -1 1 - T A B L E 1. THE 1981 Q U A L I T Y R A T I N G S FOR THE K E N T U C K Y WHI CH WAS E S T A B L I S H E D I N THE F A L L OF 1 9 7 9 . CULTIVAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 0. 11. 12. 13 . 14. 1 5. 16. 1 7. 18. 1 9. 20. 21 . 22. 23. 24. 25 . 26 . 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 . 32. 33 . 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40 . 41 . 42. 43. 44 . 45 . 46. 47. 48. 49 . APR 1L S Y D S P OR T SEN IC MER ION AS P E N TOUCHDOWN SV I NG RAM I BARBIE 1528T AMERI CA ARISTA GLADE BRISTOL ENMUNDI ( WTN) I - 1 3 P-164 ADELPHI AOU I L L A ES CORT A-20 PARADE K3-160 ( WTN) H- 7 PARK KI MONO CHER I NUGGET N-53 5 C OL UMB I A BARON P L US H F ANF ARE V I CTA F Y L K 1NG BIRKA P E NNS T AR TRENTON VANTAGE BONN. IE BL UE RUGBY A-20-6 ME R 1T SV 0 1617 WABASH A-34 BFB-35 MAJESTIC K76-86-4 COMMON LS D 0.05 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 5 .5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 N.S. MAY JUNE J UL Y 7.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 6.0 7.5 7.0 6.0 7.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 5.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 7.5 9.0 8.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.5 8.0 7.0 8.5 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 1 .0 1 .0 N.S. BLUEGRASS STUDY SEPT OCT MEAN 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 1 .0 0.5 1 .0 0.5 AUGUS T Q U A L I T Y I S RATE D AT 9 = B E S T Q U A L I T Y AND 1 =DEAD T U R F . OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E Q U A L I T Y . -1 2 - A RATI NG OF 6 TABLE 2. THE 1 9 7 9 E A R L Y S P R I N G GR E E NUP OF THE K E NTUCKY B L U E G R A S S S T U D Y . CULTIVAR K E NTUCKY APRIL BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS COLOR R A T I N G 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17 . 18. 19. 20. 21 . 22. 23. 24. 25 . 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 . 32. 33 . 34. 35. 36. 37 . 38. 39. 40 . 41 . 42. 43 . 44 . 45 . 46. 47 . 48 . 49 . COMMON 8FB-35 WABASH SYDSPORT A-34 PARK CHER 1 COLUMBI A P L US H F Y L K 1NG MAJESTIC ( WTN) 1-1 3 RUGBY P-164 K76-86-4 SEN 1C BARBIE ENMUNDI ADELPH 1 P AR ADE K 3 -1 6 0 ( WTN) H - 7 RAM 1 AMERI CA BARON VANTAGE GLADE ME R 1T AOUILLA E S C OR T A-20 M- 5 3 5 A R 1S T A PENNSTAR TRENTON BRISTOL SV 0 16 1 7 MERI ON ASPEN 1 52 8 T FANFARE BIRKA A -2 0 -6 SV 1NG BARBIE K 1MONO BONN IE B L UE TOUCHDOWN NUGGET 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 LSD 0.01 0.5 COLOR I S RATE D AT 9 = D A R K GREEN AND 1 =TOTAL LACK OF GREEN COLOR. R A T I N G OF 6 OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E COLOR. -13- A IN LOW M A I N T E N A N C E KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS T a b l e 3 i n c l u d e s q u a l i t y i n f o r m a t i o n f o r 84 K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s cultivars. T h e s e c u l t i v a r s we r e e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e f a l l o f 1 9 8 0 and w i l l be m a i n t a i n e d u n d e r l ow m a i n t e n a n c e c o n d i t i o n s f o r s e v e r a l years. T h i s a r e a w i l l r e c e i v e no i r r i g a t i o n and w i l l be f e r t i l i z e d o n c e a y e a r w i t h 1 lb o f N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t i n S e p t e m b e r . U r e a w i l l be used as t h e n i t r o g e n s o u r c e . Th e s ame 84 c u l t i v a r s we r e e s t a b l i s h e d on an a d j a c e n t s i t e i n 1 9 8 1 . T h i s a r e a i s t o be m a i n t a i n e d u n d e r high maintenance c o n d i t i o n s for c o m p a r i t i v e purposes. T h i s y e a r ' s d a t a was h e a v i l y i n f l u e n c e d by r a t e o f e s t a b l i s h ­ me n t . I t w i l l be a t l e a s t one mo r e s e a s o n b e f o r e s o i l n i t r o g e n i s d e p l e t e d t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t r e l i a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n on c u l t i v a r s f o r low m a i n t e n a n c e a r e a s i n I o wa w i l l be a v a i l a b l e . T h e r e we r e no d i f f e r e n c e s f r o m a s t a t i s t i c a l s t a n d p o i n t f o r mo s t o f t h e s e a s o n . B y N o v e mb e r , h o w e v e r , a n u mb e r o f c u l t i v a r s had become f u l l y e s t a b l i s h e d and some r e a l d i f f e r e n c e s had b e g u n t o appear. Some o f t h e c u l t i v a r s w h i c h p e r f o r m e d b e s t f o r t h e y e a r a s a w h o l e we r e G l a d e , B a r o n , MLM— 1 8 0 1 1 , T o u c h d o w n and M a j e s t i c . This o r d e r i s l i k e l y t o c h a n g e as s o i l N i s d e p l e t e d i n f u t u r e y e a r s . -14- TABLE 3. REGIONAL 1980. CULTIVAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16 . 17 . 1 8. 19. 20. 21 . 22. 23. 24. 25 . 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31 . 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41 . 42. THE 1981 Q U A L I T Y R A T I N G S FOR THE LOW M A I N T E N A N C E , K E N T U C K Y B L U E G R A S S S TUDY E S T A B L I S H E D I N THE F A L L OF JUNE 5 .0 GLADE 6 .5 BARON 5 .5 ML M - 18011 TOUCHDOWN 5.5 5.0 MAJESTIC M 1D N 1GHT 5.0 SHASTA 5 .0 VICTA 6.5 5.5 E NOB L E NJ 7 3 5 5.5 5 .0 BIRKA 5.0 R A M- 1 FYLKING 5.5 CHER 1 5.5 NAS S A U ( 2 4 3 ) 5.0 WABASH 4.5 5.0 NUGGET 239 5.5 PSU-190 5.5 KI MONO 6.5 ENMUNDI 6.0 TRENTON 5.5 4.5 GERONI MO CEB VB 3 9 6 5 5.5 5.0 WELCOME 5.0 WW AG 4 6 3 WW AG 4 80 5.0 AMERI CAN 4.5 VANESSA 5.0 CELLO 4.5 PI EDMONT 5.5 BONNIEBLUE 5.5 MERIT 5 .5 5 .0 ARGYLE CHAR L OT T E 5.5 5.0 N53 5 COLUMBI A 5.5 SYDSPORT 5.5 MER PP 3 0 0 5.5 4.5 BRISTOL S O M E R S E T ( SH - 2 ) 5 . 5 5.0 B A - 6 1 - 91 J UL Y 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 5 .5 5.5 5.5 AUG 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 -15- SEPT 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.5 5.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 OCT NOV MEAN 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 TABLE 3. 43 . 44. 45 . 46. 47 . 48. 49. 50. 51 . 52. 53 . 54. 55 . 56. 57 . 58. 59. 60. 61 . 62. 63. 64. 65. 66 . 67 . 68. 69. 70. 71 . 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81 . 82. 83 . 84 . BAYS I DE 225 ES CORT A DE L P H 1 MONOPOLY S —21 P S U - 1 50 PSU-173 P L US H PARADE RUGBY S V - 0 1 6 17 BANFF DORM I E HOL I DAY ASPEN BONO HARMONY MOSA WW AG 4 7 8 VANTAGE A2 0 - 6 A20 H- 7 1-13 A2 0 - 6 A APART A-3 MER PP 43 MONA L OVEGREE N S . D . COMMON MER ION P 141 ( M Y S T I C ) ADM 1RAL ECLIPSE K3-162 K3-179 K3-178 BA R B L UE K E N B L UE K1-152 N.S. 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 N.S. 6.0 6.5 7.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 N.S. 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 N.S. 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 • CO • 0.05 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.5 5 .0 4.5 5.5 5 .0 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 z LSD C ON T I N U E D Q U A L I T Y I S RATED AT 9 = B E S T Q U A L I T Y AND 1= DEAD T U R F . OF 6 OR H I GH E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E Q U A L I T Y . -1 6 - 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 4.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 1 .0 N.S A RATI NG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS Q u a l i t y r a t i n g s and e a r l y s p r i n g c o l o r e v a l u a t i o n s f o r 22 p e r e n n i a l r y e g r a s s c u l t i v a r s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e s 4 and 5. Gener­ a l l y , t h e c u l t i v a r s w h i c h p e r f o r m e d we l l d u r i n g t h e s e a s o n g r e e n e d up e a r l y . M e d a l i s t N o r t h and L o r e t t a had g o o d s p r i n g c o l o r , b u t r e c e i v e d Iower q u a l i t y r a t i n g s f or t he s e a s o n as a whol e. R e g a l , C i t a t i o n and Y o r k t o w n w e r e t h e b e s t c u l t i v a r s i n t h e 1981 s e a s o n . Y o r k t o w n and C i t a t i o n w e r e a l s o among t h e t o p c u l t i ­ v a r s in 1980. R e g a l was r a n k e d 1 3 t h i n 1 980 and d e m o n s t r a t e d a c o n s i d e r a b l e i n c r e a s e i n q u a l i t y i n t h e 1981 s e a s o n . Caravelle, N K - 1 0 0 and L i n n r e c e i v e d t h e l o w e s t r a n k i n g i n b o t h 1980 and 1 9 8 1 . T h e s e c u l t i v a r s were e s t a b l i s h e d in t h e f a l l of 1979. There are p l a n s f o r the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a l a r g e r p l a n t i n g of p e r e n n i a l r y e g r a s s c u l t i v a r s in t h e f a l l of 1982. TABLE 4. SEASON. RYEGRASS QUALITY RATINGS FOR THE 1981 GROWI NG MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT ME AN 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 6.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 6*5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 5 .5 6.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 8.0 5.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 5 .0 6.5 5.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 6.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 1 .5 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .5 0.5 RE GAL CITATION YORKTOWN BLYES ELK A FIESTA DELRAY DE RBY P E N N F 1 ME DI PLOMAT BELLE J 186 R 2 4 D K5-88 NK-200 MANHATTAN LORETTA GOAL IE MED. NORTH K5-94 CARAVELLE NK-100 L 1NN 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5 .0 5.0 5.0 LSD . 01 1 • i in 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 . 22 . o APRIL o • CO CULTIVAR PERENNIAL Q U A L I T Y I S RATE D AT 9 = B E S T Q U A L I TY AMD 1 = DEAD TUR F. OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E Q U A L I T Y . -17- A RATI NG OF 6 TABLE 5. THE 1981 SPRING SEASON. GR E E NUP RATINGS FOR P E R E N N I A L CULTIVAR RYEGRASS APRIL CITATION FIESTA M E D A L I S T NORTH BELLE K5-88 L OR E T T A REGAL DE RBY J 186 R24 D FIESTA GOAL IE ELKA PENNFINE DI PLOMAT REGAL K5-94 YORKTOWN BLYES NK-200 L I NN NK-100 CARAVELLE 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 LSD 0.01 0.5 -18- IN COL OR R A T I N G 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. 1 3. 14. 15. 1 6. 17 . 1 8. 1 9. 20. 21 . 22. COLOR I S RATE D ON A S C A L E OF 9 = D A R K GREEN AND OF 6 OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E COL OR. CULT I VARS 1 = DE AD T U R F . A RATI NG FINE FESCUE CULTIVAR TRIALS T a b l e s 6 and 7 c o n t a i n i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e q u a l i t y and s p r i n g c o l o r o f 20 F i n e F e s c u e c u l t i v a r s . T h e s e c u l t i v a r s we r e s e e d e d on Aug us t 29, 1979. T h e a r e a r e c e i v e d 4 l b s o f N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t i n t h e 1981 s e a s o n , and was w a t e r e d a s n e e d e d t o p r e v e n t d r o u g h t . Th e c u l t i v a r s w h i c h r e c e i v e d t h e h i g h e s t q u a l i t y r a t i n g s i n t h e 1981 s e a s o n w e r e C a n a d a , F o r t r e s s , E n s y l v a , K 4 - 2 1 , and C h e c k e r . W a l d i n a , F o r t r e s s , B î l j a r t , K 5 - 2 9 , and K 4 - 2 1 wer e f o u n d t o h a v e t h e best e a r l y s p r i n g c o l o r . Many o f t h e c u l t i v a r s a r e b e c o m i n g h e a v i l y i n f e s t e d w i t h K e n ­ tucky b lu egrass. T h i s h a s r e s u l t e d i n l o w e r q u a l i t y r a t i n g s f o r some c u l t i v a r s w h i c h n o r m a l l y do q u i t e we l l i n I o wa . TABLE 6. CULTIVAR FINE FESCUE QUALITY RATINGS FOR THE 1981 GROWI NG SEASON. APR 1 L MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT MEAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. CANADA 6.5 7.0 FORTRESS ENSYLVA 6.5 K4-21 6.5 C HE C K E R 6.5 SYN W 6.5 K5-29 6.0 RUBY 6.0 R E L 1A MT/ F L - 1 6 . 5 JAMESTOWN 6.5 ATLANTA 6.0 ROLAX 6.0 DAWSON 6.0 PEN ML AWN 6.0 SCALDIS 6.0 ENGI NA 6.0 HIGHLIGHT 6.0 B 1L J ART 6.5 TOURNAME NT 6.0 WA L D I N A 6.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 8.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 4.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 3.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 LSD . 01 1 .5 1 .0 2.0 2.0 1 .5 1 .5 0.5 0.5 Q U A L I T Y I S RAT E D AT 9 = B E S T Q U A L I T Y AND 1 =DEAD TURF . OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E Q U A L I T Y . -1 9 - A RATI NG OF 6 TABL E 7. EARLY 1981 S E A S O N . SPRI NG GREENUP OF THE FINE FESCUE APRIL C U L T I VAR CULTIVARS COL OR R A T I N G 1. 2. 3. 4. R• 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 0. 11 . 12. 1 3. 14. 15. 16. 17. 1 8. 19. 20 . WALD 1NA FORTRESS B 1 L J ART K 5- 2 9 K 4 - 21 ROL AX ENG I NA SYN W CANADA ATL ANTA SCALDIS TOURNAMENT PEN ML AWN RELI ANT( F L - 1 ) RUBY DAWSON EMSYLVA JAMESTOWN H 1G H L 1GHT CHE CKE R 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 LSD 0.01 0.5 COLOR I S RATE D AT 9 = DARK GREEN COL OR AND OR H I G H E R C O N S T I T U T E S A C C E P T A B L E COLOR. -2 0 - I N THE 1 =DEAD T U R F . A RATI NG OF 6 TAL L FESCUE REGIONAL TRIAL Th e t a l l f e s c u e r e g i o n a l t r i a l i s b e i n g c o n d u c t e d a t a number o f s t a t e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n s i n t h e c e n t r a l and s o u t h e r n U . S . u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e USDA. T h i s t e s t was e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e f a l l o f 1979. T h e c u l t i v a r s a r e m a i n t a i n e d a t a 3 " mo wi n g h e i g h t and t h e a r e a r e c e i v e s 3 l b s o f M / 1 0 0 0 sq f t / y r . K e n t u c k y 31 t a l l f e s c u e had t h e b e s t e a r l y s p r i n g c o l o r i n 1901 ( T a b l e 9 ) , h o w e v e r i t r a n k e d nu mb e r 14 i n o v e r a l l q u a l i t y f o r t h e e n t i r e season (Table 8). Some o f t h e n e we r c u l t i v a r s , s u c h as F a l c o n and R e b e l , p e r f o r m e d t h e b e s t i n 1 9 8 1 . The y e a r l y q u a l i t y a v e r a g e s f o r a l l c u l t i v a r s we r e q u i t e u n i f o r m and e v e n t h e c u l t i v a r w h i c h rec ei ve d the lowest y e a r l y average s t i l l maintained a very accept­ a b l e q u a l i t y o v e r the s eas on . Ames i s on t h e e d g e o f wh a t i s n o r m a l l y c o n s i d e r e d t o be t h e n o r t h e r n r a n g e f o r t a I I f e s c u e t u r f end we n o r ma l l y do n o t r ec ommend t h i s s p e c i e s n o r t h o f I n t e r s t a t e 80 i n I owa . T h e r e have, however, been no p r o b l e m s w i t h w i n t e r k i l l a t t h i s l o c a t i o n , e v e n d u r i n g t h e v e r y s e v e r e w i n t e r of 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 2 . 8. 1981 QUALITY RATI NGS FOR THE REGI ONAL TALL FESCUE TEST. APRIL MAY JUNE J UL Y AUG S EPT OCT ME AN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. FALCON(KJ-78 >5.5 5.0 REBEL(T - 5 ) BELT TF- 11 5.5 BELT TF- 25 5.5 T . F . 14 8 0 1 5.5 T. F. 14803 5.0 KENHY 5.5 5.0 PHB-1-5 CL E M F 1ME * 5.5 OLYMPIC * * 5.5 5 .0 KEMWELL B L 3 6 - 1 , S0 FM 5.5 5.0 K5-27 5.0 K E N T U C K Y - 31 KENM0 NT 5.0 GOAR 5.5 BELT SYN16-1 5.0 5.0 B E L T KP H- 1 5.0 T.F. 14802 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 0.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 LSD .05 M. S N.S. 0.5 N. S . 1 .0 0.5 N. S . II > H O B E S T Q U A L I TY AMD Q U A L I T Y I S RATE D HI GHER CONS TI TUTES ACCEPTABLE QU A L I T Y . * P R E V I O U S L Y L I S T E D AS L - F A - S Y N 1 * * P R E V I O U S L Y L I S T E D AS A G - 1 2 5 -2 1 - 1 = DEAD TURF . • CULTIVAR THE o VJ1 TABLE A RATI NG OF 6 OR TABLE 9. CULTIVARS E A R L Y S P R I N G COLOR R A T I N G S IN THE 1981 S E A S O N . CULTIVAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 1 2. 13. 14. 15. 1 6. 17 . 18. 19. KENTUCKY-31 C LEMFI NE (L-FA -SYN T . F . 14803 PHB-1-5 O L Y M P I C ( A G - 125) FALCON(NJ-78) B L 3 6 - 1 , SOFM K5-27 REBEL(T - 5 ) GOAR B E L T KPH- 1 BELT T F - 1 1 BELT TF- 25 T . F . 14 8 0 1 KEN HY KENWELL KEN MONT B E L T SYN 1 6 - 1 T . F . 14803 LSD 0.01 FOR 19 T A L L APRIL FESCUE COL OR R A T I N G 6 .5 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 5 .5 1) 0 .5 COLOR I S RATE D ON A S C A L E OF 9 = D A R K GREEN COL OR AND R A T I N G S OF 6 AND ABOVE C O N S T I T U T E A C C E P T A B L E COL OR. 22- 1 =DEAD T U R F . BENTGRASS MANAGEMENT STUDY The b e n t g r a s s ma n a g e me n t s t u d y was b e g u n i n t h e f a l I o f 1 9 8 0 . It includes f i ve creeping bentgrass c u l t i v a r s : Emerald, Penncross, P e n n e a g l e , P r o m i n e n t , and S e a s i d e , and o n e v e l v e t b e n t g r a s s c u l t i v a r , Kingstown. Each c u l t i v a r p l a n t i n g i s s p l i t i n t o 3 f e r t i l i t y l e v e l s : 0 . 5 , 0 . 8 , and 1 . 2 l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t / g r o w i n g m o n t h . T h i s r e s u l t s in a t o t a l N a p p l i c a t i o n r a t e o f 3 . 5 , 5 . 6 , and 8 . 4 l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t / y r . Th e a r e a i s m a i n t a i n e d a s a g o l f c o u r s e g r e e n w i t h e a c h c u l t i v a r r e p l i c a t e d 4 t i mes. P e n n c r o s s m a i n t a i n e d t h e b e s t o v e r a l l q u a l i t y f o r t h e 1981 season (Table 10). P e n n c r o s s , E m e r a l d , P e n n e a g l e , and P r o m i n e n t e a c h w e r e f o u n d t o h a v e a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y f o r t h e y e a r as a w h o l e , w h e r e a s K i n g s t o w n and S e a s i d e d i d n o t . P e n n c r o s s a n d P e n n e a g l e r e t a i n e d an a c c e p t a b l e c o l o r l a t e into the f a l l (Table 11). E m e r a l d , P r o m i n e n t , S e a s i d e , and K i n g s t o w n b e g a n t o g o o f f c o l o r p r i o r t o t h e N o v e mb e r r a t i n g . P e n n c r o s s , E m e r a l d , and P e n n e a g l e we r e t h e o n l y c u l t i v a r s t o m a i n t a i n an a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y a t t h e l o w e s t f e r t i l i t y l e v e l ( T a b l e 12). A t 0 . 8 l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t / g r o w i n g m o n t h , K i n g s t o w n and S e a s i d e w e r e t h e o n l y c u l t i v a r s w h i c h d i d n o t m a i n t a i n an a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y . O n l y K i n g s t o w n wa s f o u n d t o be u n a c c e p t a b l e a t t h e h i g h e s t f e r t i l i t y level. TABLE 10. SEASON. QUALITY CULTIVAR R AT I NGS JUNE FOR SIX BENTGRASS CULTIVARS I N THE 1 981 JULY AUG S EPT OCT MEAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PENNCROSS E ME R A L D PENNEAGLE PROMI NENT KI NGS TOWN SEASIDE 5.0* 5.0 5 .0 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 4.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 LSD 0.01 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Q U A L I T Y I S RATE D ON A S C A L E OF 9 TO 1 WHERE 9 = B E S T Q U A L I T Y AMD 1=DEAD TURF. A R A T I N G OF 6 OR G R E A T E R I S C O N S I D E R E D TO BE A C C E P T A B L E • *EACH V A L UE IS THE A V E R A GE OF THE 3 FERTILITY -23- LEVELS AND 4 R E P L I C A T I O N S TABLE 11 . LATE FALL COLOR E V A L U A T I O N S CULTIVAR FOR S I X BENTGRASS CULTIVARS. NOVEMBER COL OR R A T I N G 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. P E UN C R OS S P E N N E A GL E E ME RAL D PROMI NENT SEASIDE KI NGS TOWN 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 LSD 0.01 1 .0 COLOR I S RATED ON A S C A L E OF 9 TO 1 WHERE 9 = DARK GREEN COL OR AND 1 =DEAD T U R F . A R A T I N G OF 6 OR GR E A T E R I S C O N S I D E R E D A C C E P T A B L E . TABLE 12. CULTIVARS THE Y E A R L Y MEAN OF Q U A L I T Y AT 3 F E R T I L I T Y L E V E L S . RATINGS N FERTILIZATION CULTIVAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. P E NN C R OS S E ME RAL D P E N N E A GL E PROMI NENT KI NGS TOWN SEASIDE 3.5 6 .0*A** 6.0 A 6.0 A 5.5 A 5.5 A 5 .0 A FOR 6 B E N T G R A S S RATE ( L B /1 ,000 5 .6 6.5 B 6.0 A 6.0 A 6.0 B 5.5 A 5 .5 B SO. FT. ) 8.4 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 B B A B A C D U A L I T Y I S RATED ON A S C A L E OF 9 TO 1 WHERE 9 = B E S T D U A L I T Y AND 1 = DEAD TURF. A R A T I N G OF 6 OR GR E A T E R I S C O N S I D E R E D TO BE A C C E P T A B L E . * EACH VAL UE I S THE MEAN OF 4 R E P L I C A T I O N S AND 5 R A T I N G MONTHS. ** MEANS IN ROWS FOLLOWED BY THE SAME L E T T E R ARE NOT S I G N I F I C A N T L Y D I F F E R E N T AT THE 0 . 0 1 L E V E L . -2 4 - K E N TUCKY BLUEGRASS MANAGEMENT STUDY T h e K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s ma n a g e me n t s t u d y was e s t a b l i s h e d on A u g u s t 16, 1 9 7 9 . T h e s t u d y , w h i c h i n c l u d e s 10 c u l t i v a r s o f K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s i s d i v i d e d i n t o i r r i g a t e d and n o n - i r r i g a t e d s e c t i o n s . E a c h c u l t i v a r i s m a i n t a i n e d a t t wo mo wi n g h e i g h t s , one and t wo i n c h e s , and i s f e r t i l i z e d w i t h I BDU a t t wo r a t e s , one and t h r e e l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t / y r . T o u c h d o w n was f o u n d t o h a v e t h e b e s t q u a l i t y u n d e r i r r i g a t e d c o n d i t i o n s when a v e r a g e d o v e r a l l f e r t i l i t y l e v e l s and mo wi n g h e i g h t s (Table 13). V i c t a and S y d s p o r t had t h e l o w e s t r a t i n g s f o r 1 9 8 1 . A d e l p h i , A g u i l a , G l a d e , M a j e s t i c , and M e r i o n m a i n t a i n e d t h e h i g h e s t q u a l i t y under n o n - i r r i g a t e d c o n d i t i o n s (Table 14). The 1981 s e a s o n wa s v e r y d r y , and n o n e o f t h e c u l t i v a r s r e c e i v e d an a c c e p t ­ able q u a l i t y r a t i n g for the year. I n O c t o b e r , when t h e n o n - i r r i g a t e d a r e a was f o u n d t o h a v e t h e h i g h e s t q u a l i t y o f t h e s e a s o n , T o u c h d o w n was t h e b e s t c u l t i v a r and P a r k t h e w o r s t . -2 5 - Table 13. Quality ratings for the 10 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars in the irrigated section of the management study. Cultivar April May June July Aug. 1. Merion 5.0 4.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 2. Park 4.5 4.5 5.5 7.0 3. Aquila 5.0 5.0 6.0 4. Glade 5.0 4.0 5. Baron 5.0 6. Victa Sept. Oct. Mean 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 7. Sydsport 4.5 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 8. Touchdown 6.0 5.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 9. Majestic 5.0 4.5 5.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 10. Adelphi 5.0 4.5 4.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 LSD 0.5 N.S. 0.5 0.5 0.5 N.S. 0.5 0.5 0.05 Quality was rated on a scale of 9 - 1 where 9 = best quality and 1 = dead turf. rating of 6 or greater is considered to be acceptable -26- A Table 14. Quality ratings for the 10 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars in the non-irrigated section of the management study. Cultivar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Mean 1. Merion 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 2. Park 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 3. Aquila 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.0 4. Glade 4.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 5.0 5. Baron 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.0 6.0 4.5 6. Victa 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 4.0 7. Sydsport 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 8. Touchdown 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 4.5 9. Majestic 5.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.0 10. Adelphi 4.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.0 LSD 0.5 N.S N.S. N.S. 0.5 N.S. 0.5 0.5 0.05 Quality was rated on a scale of 9 - 1 where 9 = best quality and 1 = dead turf. A rating of 6 or greater is considered to be acceptable. -27- PERENNIAL RYEGRASS MANAGEMENT STUDY The p e r e n n i a l r y e g r a s s ma n a g e me n t s t u d y , l i k e t h e K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s ma n a g e me n t s t u d y , i n c l u d e s 10 c u l t i v a r s and i s d i v i d e d i n t o i r r i g a t e d and n o n - i r r i g a t e d s e c t i o n s . Each c u l t i v a r i s m a i n ­ t a i n e d a t t wo mo wi n g h e i g h t s , o n e and t wo i n c h e s . Each p l o t i s d i v i d e d i n t o t w o f e r t i l i z e r t r e a t m e n t s , o n e and t h r e e l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t , a p p l i e d a s I B D U . The s t u d y was e s t a b l i s h e d on A u g u s t 1 6 , 1979. M a n h a t t a n was t h e b e s t c u l t i v a r on t h e i r r i g a t e d s e c t i o n o f t h e s t u d y , f o l l o w e d by N K - 2 0 0 , and C a r a v e l l e . L i n n and L o r e t t a r e c e i v e d the lowest s e as on a l q u a l i t y r a t i n g s . The 1981 s e a s o n wa s v e r y d r y . T h e r e we r e no r e a l d i f f e r e n c e s among t h e y e a r l y a v e r a g e s o f t h e q u a l i t y r a t i n g s f o r t h e 10 c u l t i v a r s and n o ne o f them m a i n t a i n e d an a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y f o r t h e s e a s o n . I n O c t o b e r — when mo s t o f t h e c u l t i v a r s had r e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e d r o u g h t — C a r a v e l I e , NK 2 0 0 , P e n n f i n e , and Y o r k t o w n w e r e o b s e r v e d to have the be s t q u a l i t y . TABLE 15. Q U A L I T Y R A T I N G S FOR THE 10 P E R E N N I A L R Y E G R A S S I N THE I R R I G A T E D S E C T I O N OF THE MANAGEMENT S T U D Y . CULTIVARS CULTIVAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . LSD MANHATTAN PENNFI NE NK 20 0 DERBY CITATION DI PLOMAT YORKTOWN CARAVELLE L I NN L ORE TTA 0.05 APR MAY J UN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 5 .0 4.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 4.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 5 .5 5.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 5.5 5.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 5.5 7.0 5.5 5.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.0 1 .5 1 .0 N. S . 1 .0 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 Q U A L I T Y WAS RATE D ON A S C A L E OF 9 TO 1 WHERE 9 = B E S T D U A L I T Y AMD 1 = DEAD T U R F . A R A T I N G OF 6 OR GR E ATE R I S C O N S I D E R E D TO BE A C C E P T ­ ABLE. -2 8 - Table 1 5 . Quality ratings for the 10 perennial ryegrass cultivars in the non-irrigated section of the management study. Cultivar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Mean 1. Manhattan 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 2. Pennfine 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 3. NK 200 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 4. Derby 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 5. Citation 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 6. Diplomat 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 4.0 7. Yorktown 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 4.5 8. Caravelle 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 9. Linn 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 4.5 10. Loretta 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 LSD N.S N.S. N.S. 0.5 N.S. N.S. 0.5 N.S. 0.05 Quality was rated on a scale of 9 - 1 where 9 = best quality and 1 = dead turf. A rating of 6 or greater is considered to be acceptable -29- FINE Fescue FESCUE MANAGEMENT The Fine Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. P e n n l a w n Red F e s c u e S c a l d i s Hard F e s c u e Ru by Red F e s c u e A t l a n t a Chewings Fescue K 5 - 2 9 Red F e s c u e study STUDY includes the following culti vars : 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. D a ws o n R e d F e s c u e R e l i a n t ( F L - l ) Hard E n s y l v a Red F e s c u e H i g h l i g h t Chewings James t own C h e w i n g s Fescue Fescue Fescue E a c h c u l t i v a r i s m a i n t a i n e d a t t wo mo w i n g h e i g h t s : o n e and t wo i n c h e s . Each p l o t i s a l s o d i v i d e d i n t o t wo f e r t i l i z e r t r e a t ­ ments: o n e and t h r e e l b s N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t , a p p l i e d a s I 3 D U . Th e s t u d y was e s t a b l i s h e d on S e p t e m b e r 8 , 1 9 7 9 and i s i r r i g a t e d a s n e e d e d . R e l i a n t ( F L - 1 ) and S c a l d i s h a r d f e s c u e p e r f o r m e d t h e b e s t i n 1981 ( T a b l e 1 7 ) . Both c u l t i v a r s ha v e m a i n t a i n e d q u i t e good q u a l i t y , e v e n a t a 1 " mo w i n g h e i g h t . J a me s t o w n and A t l a n t a c h e w i n g s f e s c u e , i n a d d i t i o n t o D a ws o n and E n s y l v a r e d f e s c u e a l s o m a i n t a i n e d an a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y t h r o u g h mo s t o f t h e s e a s o n . T h i s p l a n t i n g of f i n e f e s c u e has m a i n t a i n e d e x c e l l e n t u n i f o r m i t y and t h e r e h a s been v e r y l i t t l e e n c r o a c h m e n t by K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s . RATINGS FOR THE 10 C U L T I V A R S I N THE FINE FESCUE CULTIVAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. PENNLAWN SCALDIS RUBY ATL A NT A K5-29 DAWSON RELIANT ENSYLVA HIGHLIGHT JAMESTOWN 4.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 4.5 5.5 5.0 7.5 6,0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 5.5 5.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 5.5 7.0 5.5 5.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 4.5 5.0 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 5.5 6.5 5.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 LSD 0.05 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .5 o • U1 TABL E 17. QUALI TY MANAGEMENT S T UD Y . Q U A L I T Y WAS RATE D ON A S C A L E OF 9 TO 1 WHERE 9 = B E S T Q U A L I TY AMD 1 = DEAD T U R F . A R A T I N G OF 6 I S C O N S I D E R E D TO BE A C C E P T A B L E . -3 0 - GROWTH R E T A R D A N T STUDY I n 1 9 8 0 , a g r o w t h r e t a r d a n t s t u d y was c o n d u c t e d on common Kentucky blu e grass. Th e r e s u l t s o f t h a t i n v e s t i g a t i o n w e r e d i s c u s s e d i n l a s t y e a r ' s f i e l d day r e p o r t . The s ame c h e m i c a l s w e r e u s e d i n 1981 on t h e t a l l f e s c u e a r e a a t the re se ar c h s t a t i o n . T h i s a r e a was e s t a b l i s h e d on A u g u s t 2 5 , 1 9 8 0 . Th e s i t e was f e r t i l i z e d a t a r a t e o f 1 lb N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t i n May o f 1981. On J u n e 4 , 1981 t h e s t u d y a r e a was mowed a t 3 " and t r e a t m e n t s wer e a p p l i e d . S e v e n d a y s l a t e r t h e a r e a was a g a i n mowed a t a h e i g h t of 3 " . Th e f i r s t d a t a was c o l l e c t e d on J u n e 2 6 . Measurements of g r o w t h and e v a l u a t i o n s o f q u a l i t y we r e p e r f o r m e d w e e k l y u n t i l J u l y 2 5 . MBR 1 8 3 3 7 g r a n u l a r ( G ) had no e f f e c t on g r o w t h o r q u a l i t y o f t h e t a l l f e s c u e t u r f o v e r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e s t u d y ( T a b l e s 18 and 19). The l i q u i d f o r m u l a t i o n ( 2 EC) o f MBR 1 8 3 3 7 r e d u c e d g r o w t h o n l y a t t h e 0 . 5 lb a i / A r a t e . Q u a l i t y was a l s o r e d u c e d a t t h a t r a t e ; h o w e v e r , t h e q u a l i t y r a t i n g o f 7 was s t i l l a c c e p t a b l e . The 0 . 1 2 5 and 0 . 2 5 r a t e s o f MBR 1 8 3 3 7 had no e f f e c t . MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S ( E m b a r k ) had no e f f e c t on g r o w t h a t t h e 0 . 1 2 5 and 0 . 2 5 lb a i / A r a t e . G r o wt h was r e d u c e d by t h e 0 . 5 lb r a t e . Q u a l i t y was s l i g h t l y r e d u c e d by t h e 0 . 2 5 and 0 . 5 r a t e s . Again, t h e q u a l i t y was a c c e p t a b l e , e v e n a t t h e h i g h e s t r a t e . Th e BAS 106 00 W was e f f e c t i v e a t r e d u c i n g g r o w t h a t a l l t r e a t ­ ment l e v e l s . T h e s e t r e a t m e n t s a l s o r e d u c e d q u a l i t y , b u t n o t t o an unacceptabIe level. E t h r e l r e d u c e d g r o w t h a t t h e 2 and 6 lb a i / A r a t e and a t t h e spl i t appl i c a t i o n r a t e of 4 + 2 I b s / A . Q u a l i t y was u n a f f e c t e d by any o f t h e E t h r e l t r e a t m e n t s . Of a l I o f t h e t r e a t m e n t s , E t h r e l a t 6 lb a i / A was t h e mo s t e f f e c t i v e at r e d u c i n g growth w i t h o u t r e d u c i n g q u a l i t y . TABLE 18. THE M E A S U R E D H E I G H T OF GROWTH OF K E N T U C K Y - 31 T R E A T E D WI TH GROWTH R E T A R D I N G C H E M I C A L S . TALL TREATMENT JUL 25 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. 1 3. 14. 15. 16. 17 . - lb a i / A CONTROL MBR 1 8 3 3 7 G 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 G 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 G 0 . 5 0 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 E C 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 E C 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 E C 0 . 5 0 0 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 5 0 0 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 3 . 0 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 4 . 5 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 3 . 0 + E T HR E L 2 S 2 . 0 E T HR E L 2 S 4 . 0 E T HR E L 2 S 6 . 0 E THR E L 2 S 4 . 0 + 2 . 0 LSD 0.01 JUN 26 1.5* JUL 2 JUL 10 JUL 17 FESCUE ME AN 21 16 16 16 19 15 12 14 11 12 16 15 15 15 13 13 14 22 18 16 18 21 18 15 15 15 13 16 15 16 15 17 16 15 28 22 19 26 25 21 20 23 19 20 18 16 16 19 21 19 19 28 22 24 30 34 26 23 24 24 23 20 17 18 19 23 20 23 31 25 26 33 35 26 25 28 29 29 24 17 21 22 26 23 23 26 21 20 25 27 21 19 21 20 19 19 16 17 18 20 18 19 5 6 7 10 9 6 * FOLLOW UP A P P L I C A T I O N S OF BAS 106 00 WEEKS AF TE R I N I T I A L A P P L I C A T I O N S . -3 1 - W AND E T HR E L WERE MADE FOUR T A B L E 19. Q U A L I T Y R A T I N G S FOR K E N T U C K Y - 3 1 GROWTH R E T A R D I N G C H E M I C A L S • JUM 26 TR E AT ME NT 1. JUL 17 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 .5 8 . 5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 6.5 6.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.5 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 1 .5 1 .5 1 .0 OF 9 = B E S T Q U A L I T Y AND CONSI DERED ACCEPTABLE. -3 2 - 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.0 • 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 o CO 8.0 8.5 JUL 2 5 MEAN 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 T R E A T E D W 1TH 7.5 o • CO * B AS ED ON A S C A L E OF 6 OR GREATER I S 8.0 8.0 10 • 0.01 8.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 6.5 7.5 6.5 6.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 JUL o CO LSD 9.0« 9.0 2 FESCUE in • CO 9• 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12. 13. 14. 1 5. 1 6. 17 . -lb ai/ACONTROL MBR 183 37 G 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 G 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 G 0 . 5 0 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 E C 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 E C 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 8 3 3 7 2 EC 0 . 5 0 0 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 1 2 5 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 2 5 0 MBR 1 2 3 2 5 2 S 0 . 5 0 0 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 3 . 0 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 4 . 5 BAS 106 ( D R Y ) 3 . 0 + 1 E THR E L 2 S 2 . 0 ETHRE L 2 S 4 . 0 ETHREL 2 S 6 . 0 E THR E L 2 S 4 . 0 + 2 . 0 JUL TALL 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 = DEAD TURF. A RATI NG 1981 PREEMERGENCE STUDY The 1981 p r e e m e r g e n c e s t u d y was c o n d u c t e d a t t wo l o c a t i o n s . Th e f i r s t s i t e was l o c a t e d a t t h e t u r f g r a s s r e s e a r c h a r e a n o r t h o f Arnes, I o wa , and t h e s e c o n d a t t h e I o wa S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y g o l f c o u r s e i n Ame s . The o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e s t u d i e s wer e t o e v a l u a t e t h e e f f i c a c y and p h y t o t o x i c i t y o f f o u r p r e e m e r g e n c e h e r b i c i d e s . The s t u d y a t t h e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n was c o n d u c t e d i n t h r e e r e p l i c a t i o n s , and t h e g o l f c o u r s e s t u d y i n f o u r r e p l i c a t i o n s . The t r e a t m e n t s u s e d i n t h e t wo s t u d i e s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 2 0 . Table 20. Treatments used T r e a t ment i n t h e two 1981 p r e e me r g e n c e studies. Formulation Rate Wat er lb a i / A — ga 1/ A 80 1. Contro1 7 5 WP o• DCPA 7 5 WP 10.5 80 7 DCPA 7 5 WP 12.0 80 4. DCPA 75 WP 15.0 80 5. DCPA 75 WP 10.5 + 10.5 80 5. DCPA 7 5 WP 10.5 + 8 80 7. DCPA 75 WP 10.5 + 5.25 80 8. Bensulide ( B e t a n e c 4) 4 EC 7.5 80 9. Bensulide ( Bet a mec 4) 4 EC 12.5 80 10. Oxadiazon ( R o n s t a r G) 2 G 2.0 -- 11. Oxadiazon ( R o n s t a r G) 2 G 4 .0 — 12 . Benefin (Pel-Tech) 1 oi 1 .5 80 13. Benefin (Pel-Tech) 1 0$ 2.0 80 14. Benef in ( P e 1- T e c h ) 102 1.5 m (Dacthal) -3 3 - + 1.5 80 The g o l f c o u r s e a r e a was c h o s e n b e c a u s e i t h a s a h i s t o r y o f being h e a v i l y i n f e s t e d with p r o s t r a t e s purge ( E u ph o rb ia s u p i n a ) and o t h e r a n n u a l w e e d s . The r e s e a r c h p l o t a r e a had no h i s t o r y o f a n n u a l weed i n f e s t a t i o n . T h i s a r e a was s e e d e d w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g weed s p e c i e s on 4 / 1 7 / 8 1 . Goosegrass Ye 1 l ow F o x t a i 1 Large C ra b gra ss Spotted Spurge 340 116 112 88 9/1 g /1 g /1 g /1 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 sq . sq . sq . sq. ft. ft. ft. ft. e n t s w e r e a p p l i e d on 4 / 7 / 8 1 a t t h e g o i f c o u r s e and on 4/18/81 at t h e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n . Th e s e c o n d a p p l i c a t i o n s w h i c h we r e i n c l u d e d i n some t r e a t m e n t s w e r e a p p l i e d on 5 / 2 7 / 8 1 a t t h e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n and 5 / 2 9 / 8 1 a t t h e g o l f c o u r s e . Res u I t s The r e s u l t s o f t h e s t u d y c o n d u c t e d a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y g o l f c o u r s e c a n be f o u n d i n T a b l e 2 1 . The t r e a t m e n t s a r e l i s t e d by i n c r e a s i n g number s o f c r a b g r a s s p l a n t s p e r p l o t . T h e r e we r e no v i s i b l e p h y t o t o x i c e f f e c t s f r o m a n y o f t h e treatments at the g o l f course. A l l t r e a t m e n t s p r o v i d e d good c r a b g r a s s c o n t r o l , with the e x c e p t i o n of the B e n e f i n m a t e r i a l . A l t h o u g h a h i g h d e g r e e of v a r i a b i l i t y r e s u l t e d in a l a c k of s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s in t h e y e l l o w f o x t a i l d a t a , i t woul d a p p e a r t h a t y e l l o w f o x t a i l was a d e q u a t e l y c o n t r o l l e d by B e n s u l i d e and D CP A, w h e r e a s O x a d i a z o n and B e n e f i n w e r e l e s s e f f e c t i v e i n t h e c o n t r o l o f that species. DCPA was t h e o n l y m a t e r i a l w h i c h was e f f e e t i v e i n t h e preemergent c o n t r o l of p r o s t r a t e spu rg e. T h e r e was v i s i b l e p h y t o t o x i c d a ma g e f r o m t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f O x a d i a z o n a t b o t h t h e J u n e and J u l y r a t i n g s a t t h e h o r t i c u l t u r e research statio n location (Table 22). Of t h e p l a n t e d weed s e e d s , only the c r a b g r a s s seed g er mi n at ed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . DCPA p r o v i d e d n e a r l y complete c o n t r o l at a l l r a t e s , with the e x c e p t i o n of the 10„5 I b/A r a t e . C r a b g r a s s p l a n t number s were s i g n i f i c a n t l y l ower t h a n t h e c o n t r o l a t t h e 1 0 . 5 lb r a t e ; h o w e v e r , c o u n t s w e r e c o n s i d e r ­ ably h i g h e r at t h i s r at e than at t h e r o t h e r r a t e . The B e n e f i n t r e a t ­ me n t s s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d c r a b g r a s s c o u n t s f r o m t h e c o n t r o l , b u t w e r e not as e f f e c t i v e as t h e o t h e r m a t e r i a l s . I n s u f f i c i e n t number s of spo tt e d s pu rge seeds ger mi n ated to o b t a i n r e l i a b l e r e s u l t s for t h i s species. -34- Table study 21. Weed c o n t r o l d a t a f r o m conducted at the U n i v e r s i t y t h e 1981 p r e e m e r g e n c e Golf Course. Da ma g e Pxat i ng C r a b g r a s s Treatment herbicide Y e I low B l a c k P r o s t . F o x t a î 1 M e d i c S pu r e e Plants- - I b a ì / A1 0* 4 13 15 5 . 25 1 0 0 5 0 8.0 1 0 0 5 0 + 10.5 1 0 0 12 1 15.0 1 0 0 12 1 10 . 5 1 0 0 10 4 Oxad i azon 2.0 1 1 15 6 4 8 . Ben s u I i de 7.5 1 1 1 10 11 9. DCPA 12.0 1 1 1 8 2 1. Ben s u I i de 12.5 2 . DOPA 10.5 + 3. DOPA 10.5 + 4. DOPA 10.5 5. DOPA 6 . DOPA 7. 10. Ox a d i a z o n 4.0 1 2 9 5 6 11. Benef i n 1 .5 1 5 4 8 6 12. Contro I — 1 5 7 13 10 13. Benef i n 1 .5 1 6 10 6 8 14. Benef i n 2.0 1 17 4 3 7 8 5 LSD t 1 .5 N. S. 0.05 10 ^ D a ma g e d a ma g e r a t i n g s w e r e made on and 9 = d e a d t u r f . June ^Counts of conducted weed species were 2 ,1981. -3 5 - N. S. A r a t i ng o f on S e p t e m b e r 1, 1 =no 1981. Table study 22. Weed c o n t r o l d a t a f r o m t h e 1981 p r e e m e r g e n c e h e r b i c i d e c o n d u c t e d a t the ISU H o r t i c u l t u r e R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n . Da ma g e R a t i ng T reatment - D a ma g e S potted Rati ng C r a b g r a s s Spur ge --Number I b a i/A- of Plants— 1* 1* # 0# 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 . 5 1 1 0 0 8.0 1 1 1 0 15.0 1 1 1 0 12.0 1 1 1 0 Qxa d i a z o n 4.0 3 2 3 0 Benef i n 1 .5 2 1 6 0 10. 0 x a d i azon 2.0 2 2 7 1 11. DCPA 10.5 1 1 9 0 12. Benefi n 1 .5 n 1 10 0 13. Benef i n 2.0 1 1 20 0 1 4. Contro I — 1 1 39 1 1 1 20 1. Ben s u l i de 12.5 2 . Ben s u l i de 7.5 3. DCPA 10.5 t 4. DOPA 10.5 t 5. DCPA 10.5 t 6 • DCPA 7. DCPA 8. 9. LSD t 5 . 25 1 .5 0.05 Da ma g e r a t i n g s made and 9 = d e a d t u r f . on J u n e Da ma g e r a t i n g s c o n d u c t e d damage and 9 = d e a d t u r f . n ir Counts of weed s p e c i e s on we r e 2 , 1981. July 31, conducted -3 6 - A r a t i ng o f 1981. 1 =no A rating on J u l y 31 , H.S. of 1981. d am a g e 1 =no 1981 Broadleaf Weed C o n t r o l Study The 1981 B r o a d l e a f C o n t r o l S t u d y was c o n d u c t e d a t a c e m e t e r y l o c a t e d on N o r t h D a k o t a A v e n u e i n We s t Ames . The f i r s t t r e a t m e n t s w e r e a p p l i e d on J u n e 1 1 , 1 9 8 1 . Very dry weather f o l l o w i n g the J u n e t r e a t m e n t s r e s u l t e d i n p o o r weed c o n t r o l f r o m s e v e r a l treatments. A s e c o n d a p p l i c a t i o n o f a l l t r e a t m e n t s was made on O c t o b e r 8 , 1981 t o t e s t f a l l weed c o n t r o l . A l i s t i n g of the t r e a t m e n t s used in t he t e s t are i n c l u d e d in T a b l e 23 . Tabl e 23. The Control Study. herbicide treatments used in the 1981 Broadleaf Weed Rate Treatments - 1 bs a . Î . / A— 1. Dacarni ne 4D (water soluble formulation) 0 .750 2 . Dacami ne 4D (water soluble formulation) 1 .000 3. Dacarni ne 3D (oil/water soluble formulation) 0 .750 4. Dacami ne 3D (oil/water soluble formulation) 1 .125 5. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 s o l ubi e f o r m u l a t i c n ) : 1.5 o i l / water 1 .500 6 . MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 so I ub 1e f o r r n u l a t i o n ) : 1.5 oil/water 1 .875 7. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami n e ( 1 . 0 so Iu b 1e f o r r n u l a t i o n ) : 2.0 o i l / water 1 .500 8 . MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 0 s o I u bI e f o r m u l a t i c n ) : 2.0 o i l / water 1 .875 9. Trimec (3.52 1 .760 Ibs/gallon) 10. *Dacamine 11 . MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 solu b le forrnulation) : 1.5 o i l / water 1 .875 12. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 0 solu b le forrnulation) : 2.0 o i l / water 1 .875 1 3. Contro 1 * 3D (oil/water T r e a t m e n t s 1 0 , 1 1 , and a r a t e o f 1 lb M / 1 , 0 0 0 12 sq. soluble we r e ft. formulation) applied with dissolved 1 . 1 25 urea at T r e a t m e n t s 1 - 9 we r e a p p l i e d a t a r a t e e q u i v a l e n t t o 30 g a l l o n s of water per a c r e . T r e a t m e n t s 1 0 , 1 1 , and 12 - - w h i c h i n c l u d e t h e u r e a - - wer e a p p l i e d a t a r a t e e q u i v a l e n t t o 175 g a l l o n s o f w a t e r per a c r e (4 g a l / 1 , 0 0 0 s q . f t . ) . -3 7 - Results The r e s u l t s o f t h e s p r i n g and f a l l e v a l u a t i o n s can be f o u n d i n T a b l e s 24 and 2 5 . The t r e a t m e n t n u m b e r s r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e t e x t a r e t h o s e l i s t e d in T a b l e 23. M o s t o f t h e we e ds on t h e a r e a we r e d a n d e l i o n s . Among t h e mo s t e f f e c t i v e t r e a t m e n t s i n b o t h s p r i n g and f a l l we r e t h e MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e t r e a t m e n t s a p p l i e d w i t h u r e a a t t h e 4 g a l w a t e r / 1 , 0 0 0 s q . f t . rate. B o t h t h e 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 o i l / w a t e r and 1 . 0 : 2 . 0 o i l / w a t e r s o l u b l e f o r m u l a t i o n s a p p l i e d a t 1 . 8 7 5 lb a i / A + u r e a we r e e f f e c t i v e . I n t h e a b s e n c e o f u r e a , o n l y t h e 1 . 0 : 2 . 0 t r e a t m e n t ( N u mb e r 8 ) s i g n i f i c a n t l y r edu c ed d a n d e l i o n p o p u l a t i o n s as compar ed t o t he control in t he s p r i n g . The 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 t r e a t m e n t ( N u mb e r 6 ) d i d n o t p r o v i d e s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r o l at t h a t da t e. In t h e f a l l , both of t h e s e t r e a t m e n t s ( 6 and 8 ) , p r o v i d e d a s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t r ed uc tio n of da n d e l io n s. Th e MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 t r e a t m e n t ( Numb er 5) a t 1 . 5 lb a c t i v e , r e d u c e d d a n d e l i o n p o p u l a t i o n t o a g r e a t e r e x t e n t t h a n t h e 1 . 8 7 5 lb a c t i v e t r e a t m e n t ( N u mb e r 6 ) a t both d a t e s . T h e s e t r e a t m e n t s wer e no t s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m one a n o t h e r a t e i t h e r d a t e , h o w e v e r . Trimec provided f a i r l y good c o n t r o l i n s p r i n g and f a l l . B e t t e r c o n t r o l was o b s e r v e d on p l o t s t r e a t e d with h e r b i c i d e s + urea. I t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t t h i s a r e a h a s n e v e r been f e r t i l i z e d . Future e v a lu a t io n s should include a Tri mec + urea t r e a t m e n t f or c o m p a r i s o n . The D a c a m i n e 3D and 4D m a t e r i a l s d i d n o t p r o v i d e s a t i s f a c t o r y c o n t r o l i r\ t h e s e t e s t s w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e D a c a m i n e 3D o i l / w a t e r s o l u b l e m a t e r i a l ( 1 . 1 2 5 lb a c t i v e ) + u r e a ( N u mb e r 10) and t h e 4D m a t e r i a l s (1 lb a c t i v e ) ( N u mb e r 2 ) i n t h e f a l l . D a c a m i n e 4D ( 0 . 7 5 a c t i v e ) and D a c a m i n e 3D ( 0 . 7 5 a c t i v e ) wer e n o t e ffe c tiv e treatments. The c o n t r o l o f p r o s t r a t e s p u r g e i s a s e r i o u s p r o b l e m i n s e v e r a l p a r t s o f I o wa . The o n l y t r e a t m e n t w h i c h s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d t h i s s p e c i e s i n t h e s p r i n g was t h e MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 o i l / w a t e r s o l u b l e f o r m u l a t i o n ) a t a r a t e o f 1 . 8 7 5 lb a c t i v e i n g r e d i e n t / a c r e + u r e a ( N u mb e r 1 2 ) . -3 8 - Tabl e 24. R e s u l t s o f t h e 1981 b r o a d l e a f weed c o n t r o l s t u d y c o n d u c t e d a t t h e N o r t h D a k o t a C e m e t e r y i n We s t A me s ; s p r i n g appI i c a t i o n . Treatments Rate Dande 1 ion — lb a i / A- 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10. 11 . 12. 13. LSD * Prostrate Spurge Number of Wi I d S t r awberry P 1 a n t s ------------- 2 , 4 - D A mi n e 1.5 o i I / w a t e r formulation) 1 .875 9 3 0 2 , 4 - D Ami ne 2.0 oil/water formulation) 1 .875 13 1 0 2 , 4 - D Ami ne 1.5 o i l / w a t e r formulation) (3.52 Ib s / g a l. ) 1 .500 19 4 0 1 .760 20 3 0 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1.0 : 2.0 o i l / w a t e r soluble formulation) D a c a m i n e 3D ( o i l / w a t e r soluble formulation) + urea D a c a m i n e 3D ( o i l / w a t e r soluble formulation) D a c a m i n e 4D ( w a t e r f o r mu 1 a t i o n ) MCPP t 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1.0 : 2.0 o il/ w a te r soluble formulation) MCPP t 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 : 1.5 o i l / w a t e r soluble formulation) D a c a m i n e 4D ( w a t e r soluble formulation) D a c a m i n e 3D ( o i l / w a t e r soluble formulation) 1 .875 23 6 0 1 .1 25 27 4 1 1 .1 25 32 3 0 1 .000 34 5 1 1 .500 38 7 0 1 .875 41 3 2 0 .750 42 5 0 0.750 42 6 0 58 5 0 31 4 MCPP + (1.5 : soluble + urea MCPP + ( 1.0 : soluble + urea MCPP + (1.5 : soluble Trirnec Contro 1 — 0.05 Herbicide 1981 . applied June 11, 1981 -39- and data collected N.S. on J u l y 29, Ta b l e 25. R e s u l t s c f t h e 1901 b r o a d l e a f weed c o n t r o l s t u d y c o n d u c t e d a t t h e N o r t h D a k o t a C e m e t e r y i n We s t A me s ; f a l l appI i c a t i o n . Rate T r ea t me n t Dan de 1 i o n - 1b ai /A — - Number of Plents- 1. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami n e ( 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 oil/water soluble formulation) + urea 1 .875 6* 2 . D a c a m i n e 3D ( o i l / w a t e r f o r m u l a t i o n ) + urea soluble 1 .1 25 8 3. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 0 : 2 . 0 oil/water soluble formulation) + urea 1 .875 8 4. T r i mec 1 .760 9 5. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami n e ( 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 oil/water soluble formulation) 1 .500 10 5. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami n e ( 1 . 0 : 2 . 0 oil/water soluble formulation) 1 .875 11 7. D a c a m i n e 4D ( v/at er f o r mu I a t i e n ) 1 .000 11 8. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 1 . 5 : 1 . 5 oil/water soluble formulation) 1.875 13 9. D a c a m i n e 3D ( o i l / w a t e r f o r n u 1at î o n ) soluble 1.125 14 10. MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami n e ( 1 . 0 : 2 . 0 oil/water soluble formulation) 1 .500 14 11 . D a c a m i n e 4D ( w a t e r f o r mu 1 e t i o n ) 0 .750 17 12. Contro1 13 . D a c a m i n e 3D ( w a t e r f or rr. u 1 a t i o n ) LSD » (3.52 Ibs/gallon) soluble soluble — 26 28 0.750 soluble 15 0.05 !H e r b i c i d e s a p p l i e d N o v em b e r 5 , 19 81 on S e p t e r n b e r -4 0 - i3, 1981 and data c o I 1ected on 1981 P os + ernergence Annual Weed C o n t r o l Study The 1981 P o s t e m e r g e n c e A n n u a l Weed C o n t r o l s t u d y was c o n d u c t e d a t t h e H o r t i c u l t u r e R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n and a t t h e c e m e t e r y l o c a t i o n i n W e s t A me s . Th e r e s e a r c h s t a t i o n l o c a t i o n was s e e d e d a s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d in t he preernergence s e c t i o n . The t r e a t m e n t s u s e d a t b o t h l o c a t i o n s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e 2 6 . Th e t r e a t m e n t s i n c l u d e D a c o n a t e 6 ( 2 lb a c t i v e ) w i t h MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e ( 2 lb a c t i v e ) f o l l o w e d by D a c o n a t e 6 ( 2 lb a c t i v e ) a p p l i e d 10 d a y s l a t e r and D a c o n a t e 6 ( 2 lb a c t i v e ) a p p l i e d a l o n e 10 d a y s a f t e r the f i r s t a p p l i c a t i o n . T h e s e t r e a t m e n t s wer e a p p l i e d w i t h and w i t h o u t g r a n u l a r u r e a a t a r a t e o f 1 lb N / 1 , 0 0 0 s q . f t . The d e l a y i n a p p l i c a t i o n a t t h e c e m e t e r y was due t o t h e l a c k o f r a i n f a l l in t he s p r i n g of 1981. T a b l e 2 6 . The t r e a t m e n t s weed c o n t r o l s t u d y . included in the 1981 postemergence Date Treatment Rate of Researchi S t a t i on annual A p p 1 i c a t i cn Cemetery —— lb a i / A —— 1. * D aco nat e 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Daconate 6 A mi n e 2 . Daconate 3. Daconate 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Am î ne Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N / 1 , 0 0 0 4. 5. ü. 2 5/5 5/5 5/15 5/1 0 5/1 0 5/20 o ¿- 5/15 5/20 2 5/5 5/5 5/15 5/5 5/1 0 5/1 0 5/20 5/10 5/15 5/15 5/20 2 2 6 Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N / 1 , 0 0 0 2 2 sq. ft 2 sq. ft. Contro 1 A 11 t r e a t m e n t s ; w e r e made when 83 and 87 d e g r e e s F a r e n h e i t . air -41- temperatures we r e b e t we e n Resu I t s C r a b g r a s s wa s t h e o n l y s p e c i e s t o g e r m i n a t e a t t h e r e s e a r c h station. T h i s s p e c i e s was r e d u c e d , a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e c o n t r o l , by all treatments. T o t a l c o n t r o l was a c h i e v e d o n l y by t h e D a c o n a t e 6 + MCPP + 2 , 4 - D + D a c o n a t e 6 w i t h u r e a t r e a t m e n t ( N u mb e r 3 ) . No p h y t o t o x i c i t y was o b s e r v e d on a n y o f t h e t r e a t e d a r e a s a t t h i s location. T h e r e was a v e r y h e a v y i n f e s t a t i o n o f c r a b g r a s s a t t h e c e m e t e r y The t r e a t m e n t s w e r e made f o l l o w i n g a r a i n , j u s t a f t e r t h e c r a b g r a s s had e m e r g e d . The b e s t c o n t r o l was a c h i e v e d by t h e D a c o n a t e 6 + MCPP + 2 , 4 - D + D a c o n a t e 6 t r e a t m e n t w i t h o u t u r e a ( N u mb e r 1 ) . The r e a s o n f o r t h e d e c r e a s e i n c o n t r o l when u r e a was a d d e d w i t h D a c o n a t e 6 ( N u mb e r 4 ) i s n o t k n o wn . A g a i n , no p h y t o t o x i c i t y was o b s e r v e d on a n y o f t h e t r e a t e d p l o t s . Tabl e 27. P o s t e m e r g e n c e weed c o n t r o l d a t a f r o m t h e 1981 c o n t r o l s t u d y c o n d u c t e d a t t h e ISU H o r t i c u l t u r e R e s e a r c h T reatment Rate — lb 1. 2 . Daconate 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Ami ne Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N/1 , 0 0 0 Daconate 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Daconate 6 Daconate 4. Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N/1 , 0 0 0 Contro I LSD 0.05 * Data 6 sq . Crabgrass -Number of 2 2 2 0* 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 9 f+. Ami ne 3. 5. sq . a i /A— weed Station. ft. - 59 17 collected on July 31, 1981. -4 2 - P 1a n t s - T ab le 28. P o s t e m e r g e n c e weed c o n t r o l d a t a f r o m t h e 1981 weed c o n t r o l s t u d y c o n d u c t e d a t t h e N o r t h D a k o t a C e m e t e r y i n We s t Ames . Rate Treatment lb a i / A Crabgrass Cover _ c\ _ 1. Daconate 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D Daconate 6 2 2 2 2* 2 . Daconate 2 5 3. Daconate 6 MCPP + 2 , 4 - D A mi n e Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N/1 , 0 0 0 2 2 2 8 2 40 4. 6 Daconate 6 U r e a a t 1 lb N / 1 , 0 0 0 sq. sq. ft. ft. 5. Contro 1 60 LSD 0.05 10 * Data collected on July 30, 1981. -43- EFFECTS OF P R E E ME R GE N C E H E R B I C I D E S ON FOUR C U L T I V A R S OF KE NT UCK Y B L U E G R A S S ( POA P R A T E M S I S ) N.E. CHRISTIANS The e f f e c t s o f t h r e e p r e e m e r g e n c e h e r b i c i d e s on f o u r c u l t i v a r s o f K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s ( ' B a r o n ' , ' E n m u n d i ' , ' N e w p o r t ' , and ' P a r k ' ) wer e s t u d i e d t o e v a l u a t e t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l r e s p o n s e o f t h e s e cu I t i v a r s to the h e r b i c i d e s . Th e g r e e n h o u s e s t u d y i n c l u d e d b e n s u l i d e ( E e t e me c 4) a t 7 . 5 and 15 lb a i / A , DCPA ( D a c t h a l ) a t 1 0 . 5 and 15 lb a i / A , and o x a d i e z o n ( R o n s t a r G) a t 2 , 4 , and 8 lb a i / A . Th e r a t e s o f b e n s u l i d e and DCPA a r e t h e r e c o mme n d e d r a t e s f o r c o n t r o l o f c r a b g r a s s f P i g i — t a r i a s s n q u i n a I i s ( L . ) S c o p . ] and a n n u a l b l u e g r a s s ( Poa a n n u a L . ) , respectively. Th e r a t e s o f o x a d i a z o n c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e l ow and h i g h r e c o mme n d e d r a t e s , p l u s t h e 8 I b / A r a t e , w h i c h i s e q u i v a l e n t t o a d o u b l e a p p l i c a t i o n of the h i g h r a t e . E a c h t r e a t m e n t , p l u s an u n t r e a t e d c o n t r o l , wer e r e p l i c a t e d t h r e e t i m e s . The t r e a t m e n t s wer e a p p l i e d on F e b r u a r y 4 , 1 9 8 1 . The p o t s we r e m a i n t a i n e d a t a 2 " mo w i n g h e i g h t and we r e f e r t i l i z e d a t a r a t e o f 1 / 2 lb N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t /r no. w i t h a 2 0 - 2 0 20 a n a l y s i s f e r t i l i z e r . D a t a c o l l e c t e d on a w e e k l y b a s i s i n c l u d e d q u a l i t y r a t i n g s and the o v e n - d r y wei ght of c l i p p i n g s . Th e s u b j e c t i v e q u a l i t y r a t i n g s — b a s e d p r i m a r i l y on c o l o r , u n i f o r m i t y and d e n s i t y - - w e r e v i s u a l l y e s t i m a t e d and r a t e d on a s c a l e o f 9 0 - 1 0 wh e r e 90 r e p r e s e n t s h i g h e s t q u a l i t y and 10 r e p r e s e n t s de a d t u r f . At t e r m i n a t i o n of the s t u d y on M a r c h 2 5 , 1 9 8 1 , d a t a we r e c o l l e c t e d on r o o t w e i g h t , on r h i z o m e number p e r p o t , on mean r h i z o m e l e n g t h and on t h e o v e n - d r y w e i g h t of r h i z o me s . The w e i g h t o f t h e r o o t s y s t e m was d e t e r m i n e d by t a k i n g t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t we e n t h e o v e n - d r y w e i g h t o f t h e r o o t s and t h e w e i g h t o f t h e s a m p l e a f t e r a s h i n g a t 5 0 0 d e g r e e s C e n t i g r a d e f o r 14 h r s . The mean r o o t d r y w e i g h t s o f a l l - c u l t i v a r s w e r e r e d u c e d by o x a d i e z o n ( 4 and 8 I b / A ) and by b e n s u l i d e ( 7 . 5 and 15 I b / A ) ( T a b l e 29). B e n s u l i d e r educed r o o t w e i g h t t o the g r e a t e s t de g r e e , with b e n s u l i d e a t t h e h i g h e s t r a t e r e d u c i n g r o o t w e i g h t an a v e r a g e o f DCPA and o x a d i e z o n ( 2 I b / A ) had no e f f e c t on r o o t w e i g h t . T A B L E 2 9 . THE E F F E C T 0F T HRE E WE I GHT 0F KENTUCKY B L U E G R A S S . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . CONTROL DCPA DCPA OX A D I A Z O N O X A D I A Z ON OXADI AZON BEN SUL I DE BEH SUL I DE LSD ( 0.01 ) * V A L UE S HERBICIDES ARE THE — 0H THE ROOT ROOT WT. (G/POT) RATE ( LB/A) TR E AT ME NT 1. 2 . P R E E ME R GE N C E 1 .39* 1 .25 1 .49 1 .25 0.96 0.81 0.60 0.45 — 10.5 15.0 2.0 4 .0 8.0 7.5 15.0 0.34 MEAN ROOT WE I GHT 0 F THE CULTIVARS AND 3 R E P L I C A - M o s t o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n c u l t i v a r r e s p o n s e wer e o b s e r v e d w h e r e o x a d i a z o n ( R o n s t a r G) was u s e d . Th e v a r i a t i o n i n c u l t i v a r r e s p o n s e o f r h i z o m e w e i g h t and r h i z o m e l e n g t h t o o x a d i a z o n we r e pronounced. I n b o t h i n s t a n c e s ( F i g . 1 and 2 ) , ' N e w p o r t * and ' B a r o n ' wer e a f f e c t e d i n a d e t r i m e n t a l way , w h e r e a s ' P a r k ' and ' E n m u n d i ' we r e e i t h e r s l i g h t l y a f f e c t e d o r u n a f f e c t e d by t h e i n c r e a s i n g r a t e s of o x a d i a z o n . D i f f e r i n g r e s p o n s e s t o o x a d i a z o n were a l s o o b s e r v e d i n t h e e f f e c t s on c l i p p i n g w e i g h t and q u a l i t y . O x a d i a z o n i s c o n s i d e r e d t o be q u i t e d a m a g i n g t o K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s u n d e r some c o n d i t i o n s ; h o w e v e r , i t h a s c e r t a i n a d v a n t a g e s . O x a d i a z o n i s k nown t o be an e x c e l l e n t c o n t r o l f o r g o o s e g r a s s ( E l e u s i n e i n d i c a L . ) , whereas the o t h e r c h e m i c a l s are l e s s e f f e c t i v e a g a i n s t th is species. I t a l s o h a s a f a i r l y l o n g r e s i d u a l when c o m p a r e d t o o t h e r preernergence h e r b i c i d e s . Th e p h y t o x i c i t y o f o x a d i a z o n v a r i e s with c u l t i v a r . Th e c u l t i v a r s ' E n m u n d i ' and ' P a r k ' s h o we d l i t t l e da ma g e u n d e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y . Th e p o s s i b i l i t y e x i s t s t h a t where g o o s e g r a s s i s a s e r i o u s pr obl em, K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s c u l t i v a r s w i t h g r e a t e r t o l e r a n c e t o o x a d i a z o n c o u l d be u s e d . A much mo r e c o m p l e t e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e m e t h o d s u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y and t h e r e s u l t s h a v e been p r e p a r e d and s u b m i t t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n . -4 5 - Figure 1. The effect of oxadiazon on the rhizome length of 4 cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass. OXIDIAZON (kg/ha) -46- Figure 2. The effect of oxadiazon on the rhizome weight of 4 cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass- -47- N X K STUDY J . L . NUS AND N . E . CHRI ST I AMS The n i t r o g e n p o t a s s i u m i n t e r a c t i o n s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o o b s e r v e t h e e f f e c t s o f n i t r o g e n and p o t a s s i u m on t h e g r o w t h and d e v e l o p m e n t o f ' B a r c - n ' K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s and t o e v a l u a t e t h e i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e s e t wo n u t r i e n t s . The s t u d y i s l o c a t e d i n S e c t i o n V, B l o c k 1 o f t h e I S U t u r f p l o t s on t h e I S U H o r t i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n , l oc a t e d 8 m i l e s nort h of Ames , I o wa . The a r e a was s e e d e d w i t h ' B a r o n ' K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s in September, 1979. A t t h e t i m e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , 1 . 0 lb P 2 0 5 p e r 1 0 0 0 sq f t ( a s t r i p l e s u p e r p h o s p h a t e ) and 0 . 5 lb N p e r 1 0 0 0 sq f t ( a s ammoni um n i t r a t e ) wer e a p p l i e d . The a r e a us ed f o r t h e N X K i n t e r a c t i o n s t u d y h a s been m a i n t a i n e d i n l awn c o n d i t i o n i n c l u d i n g t wo i n c h mo w i n g , p r e - and p o s t e m e r g e n c e weed c o n t r o l , and s t a n d a r d f e r t i l i z a t i o n with urea. No i n s e c t i c i d e s o r f u n g i c i d e s h a v e been a p p l i e d to the area. The s t u d y i s a r r a n g e d a s a c o m p l e t e f a c t o r i a l w i t h f o u r l e v e l s o f !' ( 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 , and 2 . 0 Kg a r e - 1 v e a r - 1 ) and f o u r l e v e l s o f K ( 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 , and 2 . 0 Kg a r e - 1 y e a r - 1 ) . One Kg a r e - 1 y e a r - 1 e q u a l s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 lb p e r 1 0 0 0 sq f t p e r y e a r . A randomized complete d e s i g n i s u s e d f o r t h e 16 t r e a t m e n t s and 3 r e p s . Urea i s t he M s o u r c e , w h i l e KOI i s t h e s o u r c e o f K. T r e a t m e n t s b e g a n i n A p r i l , 1 9 8 1 , and q u a l i t y r a t i n g s wer e f i r s t t a k e n in J u l y . Q u a l i t y was r e c o r d e d a s a nu mb e r f r o m 0 - 9 . 0 , w i t h 6 . 0 r e p r e s e n t i n g a c c e p t a b l e t u r f . Quality r a t i n g s we r e e s t i m a t e d t o t h e n e a r e s t d e c i m a l p l a c e . f a b l e 30 s h o w s t h e t u r f q u a l i t y r a t i n g by mont h and y e a r l y r a t i n g f or the N X K i n t e r a c t i o n s t u d y for 1981. Fr om t h i s d a t a , a g e n e r a l trend appears. T u r f q u a l i t y a p p e a r s t o be much mo r e r e s p o n s i v e t o a d d i t i o n a l N f e r t i l i z e r r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e l e v e l o f a p p l i e d K. Figure 3 shows t h e data r e p r e s e n t e d in t h i s f a s h i o n . Th e h o r i z o n t a l n a t u r e of the r e s p o n s e c u r v e s f or a d d i t i o n a l K f o r a l l l e v e l s of N r e f l e c t s l i t t l e r e s p o n s e in terms of enhanced t u r f q u a l i t y t o K f e r t i l i z a t i o n . However, t he v e r t i c a l s e p a r a t i o n of the r e s p o n s e c u r v e s s hows t h a t a d d i t i o n a l n i t r o g e n f e r t i l i z e r d o e s i m p r o v e t u r f q u a l i t y up t o 1 . 5 2 . 0 Kg M a r e - 1 y e a r - 1 . The p a r a l l e l n a t u r e o f t h e r e s p o n s e c u r v e s implies l i t t l e s t a t i s t i c a l i n t e r a c t i o n b e t we e n l e v e l s o f N and l e v e l s r-> -ci v O l\ • Additional i n f o r m a t i o n i s n e e d e d b e f o r e s o u n d c o n c l u s i o n s can be d r a wn on t h e i n t e r a c t i v e e f f e c t o f N and K on t u r f q u a l i t y . Q u a l i t y r a t i n g s w i l l be c o n t i n u e d a s w e l l as o t h e r p a r a m e t e r s i n c l u ­ ding c l i p p i n g weight, s p rin g green-up, seasonal n o n - s t ru c t u r a I carbo­ h y d r a t e s , and t o t a l N a c c u m u l a t i o n . -4 8 - TABLE 30. BLUEGRASS K* 1 .5 2 .0 2.0 1 .5 1 .3 2.0 1 .5 2.0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 0 0 0 0 LSD (0.05) ... * AUG Q SEP 0 OCT 0 NOV Q DEC 0 OVERALL 0 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.4 5 .6 5.9 5.8 5 .6 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.1 8.0 6.1 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.1 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.5 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.1 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.4 6 .1 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 7.0 6.6 6.5 0 •.9 6.3 5.9 5.6 4 .7 4.4 4.9 4.3 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.3 6.7 5.5 5.4 5 .3 5.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 J UL 1 .0 1 .5 1 .0 1 .5 2.0 £O- • AU 0 0 1 .0 1 .5 2.0 0 2.0 1 .5 1 .0 0 ... TURF Q U A L I T Y OF ' B A R O N ' KE NTUCKY I N N X K I N T E R A C T I O N S TUDY. CO * o LI* 1981 MONTHLY AND O V E R A L L AS A F F E C T E D BY T R E A T ME N T S Q 6.1 6.5 5.9 ^ Kg/sre/yr. -4 9 - j F ig u r e 3» 1981 O v e r a l l t u r f q u a l i t y o f 'B a r o n ' K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s a s a f f e c t e d b y K when N i s h e ld c o n s t a n t . TURF QUALITY 8 -0 (K g /A re /Y e a r) -50- ' FOLIAN J.L. NUS STUDY AND N . E . CHRISTIANS F o l i a n i s s l i q u i d f e r t i l i z e r m a n u f a c t u r e d by A l l i e d C h e m i c a l c o n t a i n i n g 1 2 . Of. N, 4 . Of P 2 0 5 , 4 . Of K 2 0 , S, and 0 . 1 f c h e l a t e d Fe. I t i s being marketed for s e v e r a l c r o p s , i n c l u d i n g t u r f . The F o l i a n s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o t e s t w h e t h e r i n a d d i t i o n t o n i t r o g e n , e a c h o f t h e o t h e r n u t r i e n t s , when a d d e d a l o n e t o n i t r o g e n , e n h a n c e d t u r f q u a l i t y on c e n t r a l I o wa s o i l s . Th e s t u d y i s l o c a t e d i n S e c t i o n V, B l o c k 1 o f t h e I S U t u r f p l o t s on t h e I S U H o r t i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n , located 8 miles n o r t h o f Ame s , I o wa . Th e a r e a was s e e d e d w i t h ’ B a r o n ' K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s in September, 1979. A t t h e t i m e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , 1. Q lb P 2 0 5 p e r 1 0 0 0 s q f t ( a s t r i p l e s u p e r p h o s p h a t e ) and 0 . 5 lb N p e r 1 0 0 0 s q f t ( a s ammoni um n i t r a t e ) wer e a p p l i e d . Th e a r e a u s e d f o r t h e F o l i a n s t u d y h a s been m a i n t a i n e d i n l awn c o n d i t i o n i n c l u d i n g t w o i n c h m o w i n g , p r e - and p o s t e m e r g e n t weed c o n t r o l , and s t a n d a r d f e r t i l i z a t i o n with urea. No i n s e c t i c i d e s o r f u n g i c i d e s h a v e been a p p lie d to the area. The e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n was a r a n d o m i z e d c o m p l e t e b l o c k w i t h s e v e n t r e a t m e n t s and t h r e e r e p l i c a t i o n s . T r e a t m e n t s c o n s i s t e d of F o l i a n ( N + P + K + S + F e ) , N, N+P, N+ K, N + S , N + F e , and c o n t r o l ( no f e r t i l i ­ zer). S o u r c e s f o r t h e n u t r i e n t s i n c l u d e d u r e a f o r N, p h o s p h o r i c a c i d f o r P, K C 1 f o r K, s u l f u r i c a c i d f o r S , and 10 f S e q u i s t r e n e f o r F e. T r e a t m e n t s were a p p l i e d w i t h a r e g u l a t e d p l o t s p r a y e r at 6 - 8 week i n t e r v a l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n . T r e a t m e n t s wer e c a l c ­ u l a t e d t o g i v e t h e s ame a mo u n t o f w a t e r c a r r i e r t o e a c h t r e a t m e n t . T r e a t m e n t s b e g a n i n M a y , 1981 and q u a l i t y r a t i n g s b e g a n i n J u l y . Q u a l i t y was j u d g e d f r o m 0 - 9 . 0 , w i t h 6 . 0 r e p r e s e n t i n g a c c e p t a b l e turf. A l l q u a l i t y r a t i n g s wer e e s t i m a t e d t o t h e f i r s t d e c i ma l p l a c e . A s s h o wn i n T a b l e 3 1 , o v e r a l l t u r f q u a l i t y was n o t a p p r e c i a b l y i n c r e a s e d by a p p l y i n g mo r e t h a n n i t r o g e n a l o n e . C a r e s h o u l d be t a k e n t o a v o i d p r e m a t u r e c o n c l u s i o n s , h o w e v e r , and a d d i t i o n a l d a t a i s n e e d e d b e f o r e s o l i d c o n c l u s i o n s can be d r a w n . Additional turf qual­ i ty measurements i n c l u d i n g s p r i n g g r e e n - u p , t h a t c h a c c u mu l a t i o n , s e a s o n a l n o n - s t r u c t u r a I c a r b o h y d r a t e s , and t o t a l n i t r o g e n a c c u m u l a ­ t i o n w i l I a l s o be t a k e n . TABLE 31. BLUEGRASS 1981 MONTHLY AND O V E R A L L TURF Q U A L I T Y OF ’ B A R O N ’ KENTUCKY AS A F F E C T E D BY THE T R E A T ME N T S OF THE F O L I A N S TUDY. OVER­ ALL DUAL JUL QUAL AUG QUAL SEP QUAL OCT QUAL NOV DUAL DEC QUAL 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.2 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 5 .7 8.7 5.5 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.5 4.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.1 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.2 5.8 8.0 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. N + K FOLIAN N + P N + Fe N N + S CONTROL 7.1 3.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 5.2 LSD (0.05) 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 TREATMENT 1. 2 . -5 1 - 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 6.8 LIQUID J.L. PERT I L I Z E R NUS AND N . E . STUDY CHRISTIANS The l i q u i d f e r t i l i z e r s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o e v a l u a t e s e v e r a l s o u r c e s of n i t r o g e n as t h e y a f f e c t t u r f q u a l i t y when a p p l i e d as a liquid. S o u r c e s of n i t r o g e n i n c l u d e u r e a , ammonium n i t r a t e , ammonium s u l f a t e , F l u f f ( 1 0 - 1 - 4 ) , F o r m o l e n e , and F o l i a n . C o ntrol p l o t s with no f e r t i l i z e r were a l s o u s e d . T r e a t m e n t s were a p p l i e d w i t h a r e g ­ u l a t e d p l o t s p r a y e r as t h r e e 1 lb N per 1000 sq f t a p p l i c a t i o n s i n May, A u g u s t , and S e p t e m b e r . The s t u d y i s l o c a t e d i n S e c t i o n I I I , B l o c k 5 of t h e ISU t u r f p l o t s l o c a t e d on t h e ISU H o r t i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n , 3 m i l e s n o r t h of Amos, Iowa. The a r e a was s e e d e d w i t h ' P a r k ' K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s in Octo be r, 19 7 9 . A t t h e t i m e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , 1 . 0 Ib P205 per 1000 sq f t ( as t r i p l e s u p e r p h o s p h a t e ) and 0 . 5 lb N p e r 1000 sq f t ( a s ammonium n i t r a t e ) were a p p l i e d . The a r e a used f o r t h e I l i q u i d f e r t i l i z e r s t u d y has been m a i n t a i n e d In lawn c o n d i t i o n i n c l u d i n g two i n c h mowi ng, p r o - and p o s t e m e r g e n t weed c o n t r o l and s tandard f e r t i l i z a t i o n with u rea. No i n s e c t i c i d e s or f u n g i c i d e s have been a p p l i e d t o t h e a r e a . F e r t i l i z e r t r e a t m e n t s began i n May, 1 9 8 1 , anc! q u a l i t y r a t i n g began i n J u l y . Q u a l i t y was j u d g e d as a number from 0 - 9 . 0 , w i t h 6.0 representing acceptable t u r f. A l l q u a l i t y r a t i n g s were e s t i ­ mated t o t h e f i r s t d e c i m a l p l a c e . The e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n was a r a n d o m i z e d c o m p l e t e b l o c k w i t h 7 t r e a t m e n t s and 4 r e p l i c a t i o n s . As shown i n T a b l e 3 2 , r e s u l t s t o d a t e show l i t t l e d i f f e r e n c e i n t u r f q u a l i t y r a t i n g as a f f e c t e d by n i t r o g e n s o u r c e . Care should be t a k e n t o a v o i d ma k i n g any c o n c l u s i o n s ba s e d on o n l y t h i s f i r s t y e a r ' s data. O t h e r m e a s u r e me n t s of t u r f q u a l i t y wl l I a l s o be t a k e n in c lu d in g sp rin g green-up, thatch accum ulation, seasonal n o n - s t r u c t u r a 1 c a r b o h y d r a t e s , and t o t a l N a c c u m u l a t i o n . KENTUCKY DEC 0 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.0 6.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.9 6.9 5.9 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.1 7.0 6.9 7. FORMOLENE UREA F L UF F ( 1 0 - 1 - 4 ) FOLIAN ( NH4 ) 2 $04 CONTROL 6.2 7.1 5 .7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.2 6.5 LS D (0.05) 0.2 0.3 O o 0.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NH4N03 6.8 6.8 • • • -52- • NOV 0 3 OCT 0 ’sT SEP 0 N SOURCE <3“ AUG Q o OVER­ ALL 0 JUL 0 o TABLE 5 2 . 1 981 MONTHLY AND OVERALL TURF QUALI TY OF 'PARK* BLUEGRASS AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN SOURCE. P HOS P HOROUS J.L. NUS FERTILIZATION AMD N . E . STUDY CHRISTIANS The p h o s p h o r o u s f e r t i l i z a t i o n s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o t e s t whe t h e r or not t he a p p l i c a t i o n of p h o s p h o r o u s f e r t i l i z e r s enhanced t h e q u a l i t y o f e s t a b l i s h e d K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s t u r f i n c e n t r a l I owa soils. The s t u d y i s l o c a t e d on S e c t i o n V, B l o c k I o f t h e I S U t u r f p l o t s on t h e I S U H o r t i c u l t u r e R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n , 3 m i l e s n o r t h o f Ame s , I o wa . T h e a r e a was s e e d e d w i t h ' B a r o n * K e n t u c k y b l u e g r a s s i n September, 1979. At t h e t i me of e s t a b l i s h m e n t , 1 . 0 I d P205 ( as t r i p l e s u p e r p h o s p h a t e ) and 0 . 5 lb N p e r 1 0 0 0 sq f t ( a s ammoni um n i t r a t e ) we r e a p p l i e d . Th e a r e a u s e d f o r t h e p h o s p h o r o u s f e r t i l i z a t i o n h a s been m a i n t a i n e d i n l awn c o n d i t i o n i n c l u d i n g t wo i n c h m o w i n g , p r e and p o s t e m e r g e n t weed c o n t r o l , and s t a n d a r d f e r t i l i z a t i o n w i t h u r e a . No i n s e c t i c i d e s o r f u n g i c i d e s h a v e been a p p l i e d t o t h e a r e a . Initial s o i l t e s t l e v e l s o f P on t h i s a r e a we r e 27 I b / A . The s t u d y was d e s i g n e d i n a r a n d o m i z e d c o m p l e t e b l o c k w i t h s i x t r e a t m e n t s and t h r e e r e p l i c a t i o n s . T r e a t m e n t s i n c l u d e d 0, 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , and 12 lb P 2 0 5 p e r 1 0 0 0 sq f t . P h o s p h o r o u s was a p p l i e d as t r i p l e s u p e r p h o s p h a t e o n c e p e r s e a s o n a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e m i d d l e of Ma y . Q u a l i t y r a t i n g s wer e t a k e n f r om 0 - 9 . 0 wi t h 6 . 0 r e p r e s e n t i n g acceptable turf. A l l q u a l i t y r a t i n g s we r e e s t i m a t e d t o t h e f i r s t deci mal p l a c e . As s h o wn i n T a b l e 3 3 , no r e a l b e n e f i t i n t u r f q u a l i t y h a s been r e a l i z e d wi t h the a d d i t i o n of p h o s p h o r o u s t o e s t a b l i s h e d ' B a r o n ' Kentucky blu e grass. I t s h o u l d be s t r e s s e d t h a t t h e s e r e s u l t s a r e p r e l i m i n a r y and c o n c l u s i o n s c a n n o t be made b e f o r e a d d i t i o n a l d a t a i s taken. O t h e r t u r f q u a l i t y m e a s u r e m e n t s t o be t a k e n i n c l u d e s p r i n g green-up, thatch accumulation, seasonal n o n-s+ructu ra I carbohydrates, and t o t a l n i t r o g e n a c c u m u l a t i o n . TABLE 3 3 . 1 981 MONTHLY AND OVERALL TURF QUALI TY OF ' BARC)f!' BLUEGRASS AS AFFEOTED BY PIHOSPH0ROUS F E R T I L I Z A T I O N . ; "P205/ 1 000 SO FT 1 0 o 12 4 8 LSD ( 0 . 0 5 ) „„„„ KEN TUCKY JUL OLIAL AUG DUAL SEP OUAL OCT DUAL NOV OUAL DEC OUAL OVER­ ALL OUAL 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.3 7.8 7.8 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.1 5.8 6.2 5.9 5.8 5 .7 5 .7 5 .3 5 .7 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 5.8 6.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 ____ .— — . -5 3 - 0.5 0.4 ~ ~ . ---- 0.2 RESULTS OF 1981 TURFGRASS DISEASE CONTROL TRIALS L. E. Sweets Iowa State University Selected fungicides were tested in field trials for efficacy of control of Helminthosporium leaf spot (Helminthosporiuin sorokinianum) and Pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum). Trials were conducted on the Turfgrass Research Plots at the Horticulture Research Station. In both trials, fungicides were applied to Penneagle bentgrass maintained at 1/4" cutting height. Application was made with a modified bicycle sprayer at 30 lbs. p.s.i. and a dilution rate of 5 gallons per 1000 square feet. The experimental design was a randomized block plan with four replicates, plot size 5x7 feet. Fungicides were applied on a 7, 14 or 21 day schedule as indicated in either Table 34 or 35. Applications began on June 4, 1981 and continued through September 10, 1981. 1. Helminthosporium Leaf Spot on Penneagle Bentgrass The purpose of this trial was to compare the relative efficiency of standard and experimental fungicides in the control of Helminthosporium leaf spot. Fungicides included in the trial along with rates of application and spray schedules are given in Table 34. The trial was conducted in an area with a history of leaf spot problems. However, during the 1981 season, Helminthos­ porium leaf spot was not severe in this plot area. made on August 5 and August 26. Disease ratings were Ratings were made on the basis of the per­ centage of plot area showing leaf spot symptoms. given in Table 34. -54- Results of ratings are also Table 34. Rates, spray schedules and efficacy of fungicides tested in Helminthosporium leaf spot trial. Treatment Rate of Formulated Product (oz./lOOO sq. ft.) Daconil 2787 Time Interval Between Sprays (Days) Disease Rating Aug. 5 Aug. 24 3.0 14 12.7 10.5 6.0 14 8.2 6.3 Tersan 1991 1.0 14 9.7 7.3 Fore 4.0 14 14.2 12.8 8.0 14 9.1 8.5 4.0 14 14.5 11.6 6.0 14 7.8 6.9 Acti-dione Thiram 2.0 14 10.5 10.1 CGA 64251 0.5 14 10.62 9.82 1.0 14 6.42 6.22 Dyrene Check 20.7 ■^Average of ratings from four replicated plots. showing leaf spot ; symptoms. 2 Based on percentage of plot Plots treated with CGA 64251 showed some "greening" of turf. -35- 15.6 1. Pythium Blight on Penneagle Bentgrass The purpose of this trial was to compare the relative efficiency of standard and experimental fungicides in the control of Pythium blight. Fungicides included in the trial along with rates of application and spray schedules are given in Table 35. Although the trial was located in an area with a history of Pythium blight, no Pythium blight symptoms were visible when the trial was initiated. Environmental conditions were not favorable for disease development during the 1981 season and no disease developed in the plot area. Therefore, no disease ratings were made on these plots in 1981. Table 35. Plates and spray schedules for fungicides included in Pythium blight trial. Treatment Rate of Formulated Product (oz./lOOO sq. ft.) Time Interval Between Sprays (Days) Tersan SP 4 oz. 7 Koban 30 4 oz. 7 Banol 3 oz. 14 6 oz, 14 6 oz. 21 1 oz. 14 2 oz. 14 2 oz. 21 Subdue 2E Control -5 6 - Low Volume Foliar Fertilization Study Sally Johnson, Graduate Research Assistant Dept, of Horticulture, ISU This study was started in June, 1981. The area treated was seeded in the fall of 1980 with Northrup King’s Premium sod blend. Data was taken from June through September, and will be continued through the year. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent of foliar burn on turf fertilized by the low volume method. "Low volume foliar fertil­ ization" is the application of fertilizer to the foliage using no more than one gallon of water per 1000 sq. ft. in the solution. Three nitro­ gen sources were used, and they were applied at the rate of approximately 0.5 lbs of actual N per 1000 sq. ft. The concentrations of the solutions were varied (i.e. different amounts of water were applied for each treat­ ment). The nitrogen sources used were Urea, Folian (a urea base), and Formolene (a methylol urea product). Treatments were as follows: Nitrogen Source Nitrogen rate per 1000 sq. ft. Fert:Water i. Control 0.00 — 2. Folian 0.50 1:0 3. Folian 0.41 2:1 4. Folian 0.45 1:1 5. Formolene 0.46 1:1 6. Formolene 0.49 1:2 7. Urea 0.48 1:2 8. Urea 0.50 1:3 Treatments were applied every two weeks. Wind speed, humidity, temperature, and time of day were recorded after each application. Water was withheld for 24 hours following each application. The area was irrigated with 1" of water each week. Foliar burn ratings were taken at 1 day and 7 days following each application. The area was mowed as needed at a 2" height. Data collect­ ed included severity of foliar burn, and appearance of this burn within the turf, A summary of the 1981 data appears in the following table. -57- Table 36. Extent of Foliar Burn 1 day and 7 days after application. Date Fertilizer Applied June 12 Treatment Dl D7 July 1 July 15 July 31 Dl D7 Dl D7 Dl D7 Aug 11 Aug 27 Sept 9 Dl Dl Dl D7 D7 D7 i. Control 9.0*9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 2. Folian (1:0) Folian (2:1) Folian (1:1) Formolene (1:1) Formolene (1:2) Urea (1:2) Urea (1:3) 6.0 8.8 7.2 8.0 6.7 7.3 6.3 6.8 7.2 8.2 9.0 9.0 6.0 6.5 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. *Burn ratings 7.0 9.0 6.5 8.2 7.0 7.7 6.3 7.2 7.2 8.3 9.0 9.0 5.8 6.2 6.3 9.0 6.2 7.8 7.3 7.8 6.3 7.2 7.0 8.2 9.0 9.0 6.0 6.7 8.3 9.0 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.0 8.7 8.3 9.0 9.0 7.3 7.0 8.2 9.0 7.7 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.5 8.0 8.8 8.7 9.0 9.0 8.0 7.3 6.8 8.8 6.5 7.8 7.7 7.3 7.7 6.7 7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 6.0 6.2 6.8 8.5 6.3 7.7 7.0 7.0 7.7 6.7 7.2 7.3 9.0 9.0 6.0 6.0 l=totally dead 5=acceptable 9=no visible burn Numbers listed are means of 3 replications. Results: Treatments were purposely applied during mid-afternoon to coincide with the conditions most likely to produce burn. This time of day is usually the hottest, and the grass is under the greatest amount of stress. There was no significant difference between different concentrations of the same fertilizer. This can best be explained by the fact that the liquid applied evaporates quickly because it is so low volume. Further studies may show that concentrations of fertilizer solutions, applied as low volume sprays,-are insignificant, but that the actual rate of N is the factor determining extent of burn. Of the three materials used, Formolene had the least amount of burn. These preliminary results indicated no difference between Folian and Urea when applied as a low volume concentrate. None of the materials used caused foliar burn severe enough to kill the turf, at least when applied at the 0.5 lbs. N/1000 sq. ft. rate. As was expected, the most severe burn occurred during the periods of -58- extremely hot, dry weather. Early August, 1981, was cool and wet and treatments applied at this time showed no burn. This clearly shows that environmental factors have a great influence on the extent of foliar burn. Further testing will be done to screen Nitrogen sources in hopes of determining which ones can be applied with the least chance of foliar burn damage. Other work will be done to determine the rate of nitrogen that can be applied per application with minimal potential for burn. -59- Buffalograss Management Study David Brahm This study was seeded June 16, 1980 as an evaluation of three buffalograss cultivars under various cultural regimes. Management practices include three mowing heights (no mow, 2.5 cm, and 5 cm) and three fertilization rates (0 lb N/yr, 1 lb N/1000 ft^/yr, and 2 lb N/1000 ft^/yr). The 2 lb N/1000 ft^ 2 treatment is split into two applications of 1 lb N/1000 ft , with one being applied June 1 and the other July 15. The area is mowed once a week, and is watered as needed to prevent drought stress. Each treatment is replicated three times and data are collected monthly. The major problem with trying to establish buffalograss in central Iowa is the encroachment of cool-season grasses (e.g. Kentucky Bluegrass). This is especially true with additional fertilization and irrigation. From the data acquired last season, the addition of nitrogen had a signi ficant effect on the quality of "Common1' buffalograss. The quality ratings of the other two cultivars, Texoka and Sharp's, were not significantly dif­ ferent at the three nitrogen levels. See Table 37. According to Table 38, the effect of added nitrogen on the color of the three cultivars proved sig­ nificant only for "Texoka". Overall, the addition of nitrogen created more problems than benefits, these being, encroachment of both cool-season grasses and annual weeds. From Tables 39 and 40 it is shown that mowing height has a significant effect on both quality and color for all three buffalograss culti vars. In all cases, the 5.0 cm height had a fairly open turf which allowed annual weeds to thrive, while the no mow height had a shaggy appearance. -60- This study has shown that buffalograss can be grown in central Iowa; and that it can be used wherever a low maintenance area is desired, whether it be your front lawn or along a roadside. for future studies. Also gathered from this study were ideas Due to cool-season grass encroachment, a herbicide study has been started to look at various herbicides which will selectively control the cool-season grasses. A non-irrigated buffalograss management study has been started to observe how it will hold up under dry conditions. combination of the studies above, we hope to gather enough From the information to be able to manage buffalograss both under low- and high-maintainance conditions. -61- Table 37. The Effects of N Fertilization on the Quality of Three Cultivars of Buffalograss. Texoka N Level (lb/1000 ft2/yr) SharpTs Common 0 5.5 5.5 5.5 1 6.0 6.0 6.0 2 6.0 5.5 6.0 N.S. N.S. 0.5 LSD (.05) = Table 38. The Effects of N Fertilization on the Color of Three Cultivars of Buffalograss. Texoka N level (lb/1000 ft2/yr) Sharp Ts Common 0 6.0 6.0 6.0 1 6.5 6.0 6.0 2 7.0 6.0 5.0 0.5 N.S. N.S. LSD (.05) = Table 39. The Effects of Mowing height on the Quality of Three Cultivars of Buffalograss. Texoka Mowing height (cm) Sharp 1s Common No mow 5.5 5.5 5.5 2.5 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 LSD (.05) = -62- Table 40. The Effects of Mowing Height on the Color of Three Cultivars of Buffalograss. Texoka Mowing height (cm) Sharp!s Common No Mow 5.5 5.5 5.0 2.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 0.5 N.S. 0.5 LSD (.05) = -63- FALL TOPDRESSING STUDY The f a l l t o p d r e s s i n g s t u d y was b e g u n i n N o v e m b e r o f 1 9 8 0 and r e s u l t s o f t h e f i r s t y e a r were d i s c u s s e d i n l a s t y e a r ' s f i e l d day report. T h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n i s b e i n g c o n d u c t e d on P e n n c r o s s c r e e p ­ i n g b e n t g r a s s e s t a b l i s h e d on b o t h a n a t i v e s o i l and a m o d i f i e d soil. Thre e d i f f e r e n t t r e a t m e n t s were i n c l u d e d ; a) a 7 0 - 1 0 - 2 0 ( s a n d - s o i I - p e a t ) mi x , b) a 1 - 1 - 1 t o p d r e s s i n g m i x and c ) a c o n t r o l a r e a w h e r e no t o p d r e s s i n g was a p p l i e d . The t r e a t m e n t s w e r e a p p l i e d a t a depth o f 1/4 i n c h . E a c h t o p d r e s s i n g t r e a t m e n t was f u r t h e r divided into three f e r t i l i z e r treatm ents; a ) no n i t r o g e n , b) 0 . 5 lb 1 7 1 0 0 0 sq f t , and c ) 1 lb N / 1 0 0 0 sq f t . The p l o t s w e r e t h e n f u r t h e r s p l i t i n t o t wo f u n g i c i d e t r e a t m e n t s ; a) C h l o r o n e b 9 o u n c e s / 1 000 sq f t ( T e r s a n S P ) and b) B e n o my I 2 o u n c e s / 1 0 0 0 sq f t ( T e r s a n 1991). The t r e a t m e n t s a p p l i e d t o t h e n a t i v e s o i l a r e a w e r e e x a c t l y t h e same as t h o s e a p p l i e d t o t h e m o d i f i e d s o i l . The f i r s t w i n t e r o f t h e s t u d y ( 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 8 1 ) was d r y and m i l d . U n d e r t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s , t o p d r e s s i n g p r o v e d t o be v e r y b e n e f i c i a l . T o p d r e s s e d a r e a s had a much i m p r o v e d s p r i n g g r e e n u p r a t e and t h e r e was much l e s s w i n t e r d a ma g e on t o p d r e s s e d a r e a s . The 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 2 w i n t e r s e a s o n was v e r y c o l d and t h e r e was c o n t ­ i n u o u s s now c o v e r f r o m D e c e m b e r t o M a r c h . Under t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s t h e r e was a s l i g h t b e n e f i t t o h e a v y f a l l t o p d r e s s i n g on t h e n a t i v e soil (Table 41). T h e r e was a l s o some a d v a n t a g e t o t o p d r e s s i n g on t h e m o d i f i e d s o i l , b u t i t was n o t n e a r l y a s p r o n o u n c e d a s i n t h e p r e v i o u s w i n t e r when t h e r e was no s now c o v e r . No snow mol d a p p e a r e d i n 1 982 and t h e r e was no e f f e c t o f f u n g i c i d e a p p l i c a t i o n . A lth oug h the a p p l i c a t i o n of n i t r o g e n enhanced w i n t e r s u r v i v a l and i m p r o v e d s p r i n g g r e e n u p i n t h e f i r s t s e a s o n , i n c r e a s i n g r a t e s o f N had no e f f e c t i n t h e p a s t s e a s o n ( T a b l e 4 2 ) . T h e r e was v e r y l i t t l e winter k i l l i n 1 9 8 2 , w h e r e a s t h e r e was a c o n s i d e r a b l e a mo u n t of w i n t e r k i l l in 1 9 8 1 . The N i t r o g e n r e s p o n s e i n t h e f i r s t y e a r may h a v e been due t o an i n c r e a s e i n r a t e o f r e c o v e r y on t h e f e r t i l ­ ized p i o t s . T h i s s t u d y w i l l be c o n t i n u e d , t o f u r t h e r e v a l u a t e t h e b e n e f i t s o f heavy f u l l top d r e s s i n g un de r v a r y i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s . -64- J TABLE 41. THE N A T I V E COLOR R A T I N G S FOR THE M O D I F I E D ( 1 - 1 - 1 ) S O I L GREEN IN THE S P R I N G OF 1 9 8 2 . SOIL GREEN AND DATE TREATMENT MARCH 3 0 MODI FI ED S O I L CONTROL 70-10-20 1- 1 - 1 NATIVE SO IL CONTROL 70-10-20 1-1 - 1 APRIL APRIL 14 17 APRIL 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 6 .0 6 .0 5.5 6.5 6 .0 4.0 4.5 4.5 1 .0 2 .0 2.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 5.5 7.0 6.5 6 .0 7.5 7.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 COLOR R A T I N G S S O I L GREEN AS FOR THE M O D I F I E D ( 1 - 1 - 1 ) S O I L A F F E C T E D BY F E R T I L I Z E R R A T E . TOPDRESSING CONTROL SOIL 0* MEAN 1.0* 2.0 2.0 COLOR I S R A T E D ON A S C A L E OF 9 - 1, WHERE 9 = C OMP L ETE A F T E R W I N T E R DORMANCY AMD 1 = DORMANT T U R F . TABLE 42. THE N A T I V E 21 RECOV ER Y GREEN AND TR EATMENT 1 -1 - 1 70-10-20 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1 .0 MODI FI ED 4.0** 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 NATIVE 4 .0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 * ** POUNDS N/ 1 0 0 0 SO FT A P P L I E D J U S T P R I O R TO T O P D R E S S I N G T R E A T ­ ME N TS . 9 = TOTAL R E C O V E R Y , 1 = DORMANT T U R F , VAL UE S L I S T E D ARE THE MEANS OF THE 4 R A T I N G D A T E S . -6 5 - ( SOD PRODUCTION Tom Robeson The goal in sod production is to minimize nitrogen fertilizer cost while still producing a quality, early maturing sod crop. One possible way to achieve this goal may be to apply most of the nitrogen needed by the grass plant with a slow release nitrogen fertilizer at the time of establishment. This method has the advantage that fertilizer is incorporated into the root zone for root avail­ ability, and that the number of fertilizer applications, and thereby labor costs are reduced. On September 11, 1982, a sod production study was established at the research station. The treatments and plot design were as follows. TREATMENTS 1-3 Blue Chip 38-0-0 ? 1. 6 lbs N/1000 ft Jncorp, into top 2" at seeding 4.5 lbs N/1000 ft Applied in spring 2. 3 lbs N/1000 ft Incorp into top 2" at seeding 4.5 lbs N/1000 ft Applied in spring 3. 1 lb N/1000 ft^ Incorp into top 2" at seeding 3 lb N/1000 ft .spring 2 4-6 lb lb lb lb N/1000 N/1000 N/1000 N/1000 2 ft~ ft^ ft^ ft Urea 45-0-0 4. 1 1 1 1 Incorp into top 2" at seeding April May June 5. 1 lb N/1000 ft Incorp into top 2" at seeding 1/2 lb N/1000 ft^ April 1/2 lb N/1000 ft May 6. 1 lb N/1000 ft2 Incorp into top 2" at seeding 1 lb N/1000 ft^ April 1 lb N/1000 ft May 7. Control 2 2 The field plot design is shown on the next page. 66 t Sod Production Study Field Plot Design North CN co