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Title: Young children's opportunities to learn in rural southern Tanzania
Creator: Edwards Uçar, Laura Anna
Date: 2015
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Young children’s opportunities to learn are complex and multifaceted. Opportunities for young children to learn in Tanzania vary widely. Within the NGO and scholarly communities focused on early childhood initiatives in Tanzania, there is an appeal for descriptive information to better understand the opportunities to learn for young children in specific contexts. There are limited studies that examine and seek to address an understanding of what opportunities exist for young children to learn...
Show moreYoung children’s opportunities to learn are complex and multifaceted. Opportunities for young children to learn in Tanzania vary widely. Within the NGO and scholarly communities focused on early childhood initiatives in Tanzania, there is an appeal for descriptive information to better understand the opportunities to learn for young children in specific contexts. There are limited studies that examine and seek to address an understanding of what opportunities exist for young children to learn in rural Tanzania.My study is a response to this appeal and presents a focused ethnography of young children’s opportunities to learn in rural southern Tanzania. I designed the focus of my study to explore and develop a detailed description to examine the sociocultural contexts and opportunities to learn for young children in the village of Ndogo and its surrounding villages.This study collected data addressing the following questions: What are opportunities to learn for young children in informal and formal contexts in the home, the community, and the Ndogo school? Where, how, and with whom are these opportunities to learn? I collected this data through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and focus groups conducted with students, teachers, parents, and village members. I also examine influences on these opportunities from outside the community including from the national government and international donor organizations. The findings of my study examine the multiple and diverse opportunities for young children to learn in a variety of modalities. The complex issue of languages is addressed with divergent opportunities between the home, the community and the school. I examine the sociocultural aspects of these opportunities for young children to learn.This study adds to the literature that addresses the nuances, ambiguities, and complexities of the opportunities for young children to learn in and out of formal school in a specific context. These complex descriptions of young children’s opportunities to learn could provide data for future research as well as provide additional information to contribute to and inform decision-making by NGO and government initiatives in Tanzania concentrated on early childhood education and development.
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Title: Young alcoholic families and the transmission of risk : environmental and family interaction differences from the MSU Longitudinal Study
Creator: Baxter-Hagaman, Joyce Ann
Date: 1986
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: You have to learn to adapt : a sociolinguistic study of Chinese Americans in the "Asian city" of southeast Michigan
Creator: Zheng, Mingzhe
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: ABSTRACTYOU HAVE TO LEARN TO ADAPT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CHINESE AMERICANS IN THE "ASIAN CITY" OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGANByMingzhe ZhengThis dissertation explores the nature of dialect contact, ethnic identity construction by examining the extent to which the speech of second generation Chinese Americans (henceforth CAs), born and raised in Troy, Michigan, is affected by two local sound changes: the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), the dominant dialect among mainstream Michiganders of European...
Show moreABSTRACTYOU HAVE TO LEARN TO ADAPT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CHINESE AMERICANS IN THE "ASIAN CITY" OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGANByMingzhe ZhengThis dissertation explores the nature of dialect contact, ethnic identity construction by examining the extent to which the speech of second generation Chinese Americans (henceforth CAs), born and raised in Troy, Michigan, is affected by two local sound changes: the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), the dominant dialect among mainstream Michiganders of European American descent (Labov, Ash & Boberg 2006); and an emerging sound change in Michigan, the Elsewhere Shift (Kendall & Fridland, 2014). The community investigated in this dissertation, Troy, is in southeast Michigan. It is distinguished by its large population of Chinese Americans and a long residence history of Chinese immigrants compared to other Asian groups (Metzger and Booza 2001). Referred to locally as “the Asian city of southeast Michigan”, 19% of Troy residents are Asian and 5% self-identify as being of Chinese descent. Job opportunities in the auto industry, a high-quality education system, and a safe environment have been attracting an increasing number of Chinese immigrants to this area from the 1960s and continuing to the present day.The acoustic and statistical analysis was carried out on the vowel system of 30 college-age Chinese American speakers, and 15 comparable European Americans serve as a reference group. Data collection was conducted by two interviewers: a male graduate student from China, and a European American undergraduate female student who was also from southeast Michigan. The data in this study were collected by a structured interview similar to a sociolinguistic interview. The analyses show that Troy Chinese Americans are participating in the local vowel system to the same degree as their European American cohort. Nonetheless, even though the two ethnic groups share similar social evaluation of those vowels, as indicated by the examination of contextual style-shifting, inter-ethnic differences were nonetheless found for the vowels THOUGHT, DRESS, STRUT, TRAP and TOO. Of these vowels, only TOO was sensitive to a change of interlocutor: Participants’ nucleus of TOO was on average significantly backer with the male Chinese interviewer than with the female European American interviewer. I argue that inter-ethnic variation in the realization of TOO was found to be due to an effect of interlocutor identity, the F2 dimension of TOO is used by Chinese Americans as a way to index ethnic identity, solidarity, and localness in Troy, Michigan.This study draws on research in variationist sociolinguistics. It joins a growing body of work within variationist sociolinguistics that investigates Asian American speakers in the U.S. (e.g., Hall-Lew 2009, Wong 2015, Bauman 2016). The purpose of this work is to contribute to our knowledge of the complex interactions between language, ethnicity identity and regional identity construction. In the variationist literature, there are a limited number of studies focusing on stylistic variation that signals response to interlocutor ethnicity (e.g., Rickford and McNair-Knox 1994 for African American English). This study serves as the first step towards investigating the stylistic variation of CAs’ English – grounded in the variationist approach to ethnic minority English in the U.S. – and to enrich our understanding of intra-speaker and inter-speaker stylistic variation.
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Title: Yoruba dress : a systematic case study of five generations of a Lagos family
Creator: Wass, Betty Marguerite, 1935-
Date: 1975
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yogurt fortification with predigested/germinated whole soybean powder for enhanced therapeutic benefits
Creator: Nsofor, Obianuju Nwamaka
Date: 2008
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yields, root development, carbohydrate reserves and in vitro dry matter disappearance of spring-seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) treated with herbicides and harvested in the year of seeding
Creator: Pulli, Seppo Kalevi, 1939-
Date: 1973
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yield and selected chemical constituents of the sugarbeet root and crown
Creator: Zielke, Richard Carl
Date: 1970
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yield and relaxation in polymeric glasses
Creator: Beck, Robert Howard, 1942-
Date: 1971
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yield and nutritive status of alfalfa as influenced by the boron content of soils with special emphasis on a practical and reliable biological testing procedure
Creator: Baker, Aaron Sidney
Date: 1955
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yield and development of soybeans (Glycine max L.) as affected by irrigation with municipal wastewater and well water
Creator: Cordonnier, Michael J.
Date: 1981
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yeomanry transformed : the changing image of the American farmer in the northern agricultural press, 1873-1893
Creator: Heinze, Kirk Leo
Date: 1988
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control with Bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H̲-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)-3H̲-one 2,2-dioxide) and glyphosate (N̲-(phosphonomethyl) clygine)
Creator: Suwanketnikom, Rungsit
Date: 1978
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yelesalehe hiwayona dikanohogida naiwodusv = : God taught me this song, it is beautiful : Cherokee performance rhetorics as decolonization, healing, and continuance
Creator: Driskill, Qwo-Li
Date: 2008
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "This dissertation examines the importance of performed and embodied rhetorics to Cherokee survival and resistance and argues for performance as a primary site of Native cultural continuance and rhetorical production. Two historiographic studies are central to making this argument. The first, Indian In The Archive: Performance Historiography as Cherokee Ghost Dance (Chapter Three) looks to the Cherokee Ghost Dance and the Redbird Smith movement as models for radical, decolonial, performative...
Show more"This dissertation examines the importance of performed and embodied rhetorics to Cherokee survival and resistance and argues for performance as a primary site of Native cultural continuance and rhetorical production. Two historiographic studies are central to making this argument. The first, Indian In The Archive: Performance Historiography as Cherokee Ghost Dance (Chapter Three) looks to the Cherokee Ghost Dance and the Redbird Smith movement as models for radical, decolonial, performative historiography. With a particular focus on recovering a history of nineteenth century Cherokee theatre, this chapter focuses on how archives are and can be used by Cherokee people to re-establish dormant and/or obscured Cherokee performance traditions and histories. The second study, On The Wings Of Wadaduga: Towards the Performance of Two-Spirit Critiques (Chapter Four) focuses on revising both archived and embodied records through the development of an historiographic performance with Two-Spirit, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer-identified Cherokees. This chapter examines performance as historiography and argues for performance as a means to revise both archival and embodied cultural memories. Both studies are grounded in the methodological concepts of [special characters omitted] (duyuk'ta, "balance") and [special characters omitted] (gadugi, "cooperative labor") as a way of conceiving decolonial scholarship, practice, and pedagogy within the field of rhetoric and composition"--Abstract.
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Title: Yeast phytase and wheat inositol phosphates
Creator: Nayini, Narsimha Reddy
Date: 1983
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Yakshagana Badagatittu Bayalata : a South Indian dance drama
Creator: Ashton-Sikora, Martha Bush
Date: 1972
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Xyloglucan fucosyltransferase : a plant cell wall biosynthetic enzyme
Creator: Perrin, Robyn Michele
Date: 2001
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Xyloglucan biosynthesis : identification and characterization of fucosyltransferase and cellulose synthase-like genes
Creator: Zeng, Weiqing
Date: 2004
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Xenogenous fertilization of cryopreserved golden hamster and squirrel monkey ova
Creator: DeMayo, Francesco John
Date: 1983
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Xeno-estrogens in the aquatic environment : development and application of in vitro and in vivo bioassays
Creator: Kramer, Vincent J. (Vincent Joseph)
Date: 1996
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: XRCC4-XLF complexes facilitate DNA double-strand break repair in cells by bridging broken DNA ends
Creator: Roy, Sunetra
Date: 2015
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) pathway is largely responsible for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. Absence of c-NHEJ causes genomic instability in mice and leads to deficiencies in V(D)J recombination. XLF, (the last bona fide c-NHEJ factor discovered) is known to stimulate ligation by the core ligation complex: XRCC4-Ligase 4. However, the precise mechanism by which XLF stimulates XRCC4-Ligase 4 mediated DNA ligation is not well understood....
Show moreThe classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) pathway is largely responsible for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. Absence of c-NHEJ causes genomic instability in mice and leads to deficiencies in V(D)J recombination. XLF, (the last bona fide c-NHEJ factor discovered) is known to stimulate ligation by the core ligation complex: XRCC4-Ligase 4. However, the precise mechanism by which XLF stimulates XRCC4-Ligase 4 mediated DNA ligation is not well understood. Recent structural studies have shown that XLF can interact with XRCC4 to form filaments of alternating XRCC4 and XLF dimers; these filaments mediate DNA end bridging in vitro, providing a potential mechanism by which XLF might stimulate ligation. Here, we show that disrupting the interaction between XRCC4 and XLF by XRCC4 mutation, thereby abolishing filament formation, affects V(D)J recombination in cells and hinders the ability of cells expressing these mutants to survive in response to zeocin, a radiomimetic drug. Furthermore, we characterize an XLF mutant (L115A) that does not interact with XRCC4, and thus does not form filaments or bridge DNA in vitro. However, this mutant is fully sufficient in stimulating ligation of either blunt or cohesive DNA ends by X4/Lig4 in vitro. This separation of function mutant fully complements the zeocin sensitive phenotype and V(D)J recombination deficits of some XLF deficient cell strains but not others, suggesting a variable requirement for DNA bridging in different cell types. To determine whether lack of XRCC4/XLF bridging might be compensated for by other factors, candidate repair factors were disrupted in XLF or XRCC4 deficient cells. Loss of either ATM or the newly described XRCC4/XLF like factor, PAXX accentuates the cellular requirement for XLF. In the case of ATM/XLF loss, the increased cellular requirement can be attributed to its bridging function; however in case of PAXX/XLF loss the increased requirement for XLF is independent of bridging.
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