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Title
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A study of water vapor transmission rate of blister packs by USP standard and continuous gravimetric protocol
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Creator
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Mehrotra, Nikhil
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Date
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2010
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is essential in determining the shelf life of pharmaceutical products in the package. The WVTR of blister pack was determined by using USP 671 and the continuous gravimetric protocols. The WVTR values from the two protocols were compared and the accuracy was validated.The WVTR of the blister pack determined using the USP 671 protocol was 0.0452 mg/day/blister with a standard error of 0.0010 while the WVTR using the continuous gravimetric protocol was 0...
Show moreThe water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is essential in determining the shelf life of pharmaceutical products in the package. The WVTR of blister pack was determined by using USP 671 and the continuous gravimetric protocols. The WVTR values from the two protocols were compared and the accuracy was validated.The WVTR of the blister pack determined using the USP 671 protocol was 0.0452 mg/day/blister with a standard error of 0.0010 while the WVTR using the continuous gravimetric protocol was 0.0652 mg/day/blister with a standard error of 0.0067. The WVTR were compared using t-statistic for unequal sample size with unequal variance and no significant difference was detected. The accuracy of the two protocols was compared through the pooled variance of the data points and it was found that the USP 671 standard protocol had a pooled variance of 4.99 x 10-4 while for the continuous gravimetric protocol it was 2.13 x 10-5. Therefore the continuous gravimetric protocol showed higher accuracy than the USP standard protocol Several recommendations have been suggested for the USP standard protocol in order to make the protocol more accurate: To determine the WVTR of the blister pack, the unsteady state should be considered and excluded from the calculation, Monitoring of the relative humidity and temperature throughout the experiment is critical, Chamber size and the time of equilibrium for the specific relative humidity needs to be outlined.
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Title
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Curative and rainfastness characteristics of insecticides used to control Spotted Wing Drosophila (Matsumura) in tart cherry productions
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Creator
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Andika, Ignatius Putra
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) (SWD) is an invasive pest originated from East Asia, which has caused devastating damaged to soft-skinned fruit productions globally and an increase of growers’ reliance on insecticide to meet market standards. However, the intensive use of insecticides raises community concerns regarding environmental health, human health, and the risk of SWD population to grow resistances. Therefore, exploring other activity modes of insecticides...
Show moreSpotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) (SWD) is an invasive pest originated from East Asia, which has caused devastating damaged to soft-skinned fruit productions globally and an increase of growers’ reliance on insecticide to meet market standards. However, the intensive use of insecticides raises community concerns regarding environmental health, human health, and the risk of SWD population to grow resistances. Therefore, exploring other activity modes of insecticides registered against SWD besides adulticide action may provide information to refine existing insecticide programs. The data from these experiments provide insight of the curative and rainfastness of insecticides registered against SWD in tart cherry productions. The residue data in these experiments compliment the biological data and provide better understanding on how these insecticides work against SWD.
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Title
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Developing activity data from remote sensing for REDD+ monitoring in tropical Miombo woodlands
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Creator
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Zelenak, Daniel J.
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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The country of Malawi is experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation in Africa. Of particular concern are the country's Miombo woodlands--a unique type of dry woodland that is made up from a mosaic of upper and lower canopy species. Miombo woodlands are threatened by expanding agriculture and demand for fuel wood, which is the primary energy source for the majority of Malawi's population. Efforts to map areas of Miombo degradation can be assisted by remote sensing technologies and...
Show moreThe country of Malawi is experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation in Africa. Of particular concern are the country's Miombo woodlands--a unique type of dry woodland that is made up from a mosaic of upper and lower canopy species. Miombo woodlands are threatened by expanding agriculture and demand for fuel wood, which is the primary energy source for the majority of Malawi's population. Efforts to map areas of Miombo degradation can be assisted by remote sensing technologies and data sets, which can be much more cost efficient than in-situ measurements. An effort was made to map the locations of deforestation and degradation of Malawi's Miombo woodlands by comparing time-series Landsat data. NDVI and fractional cover were used to quantify the presence of vegetation throughout time, and a change algorithm is used to identify areas of vegetation loss. This information can be used to develop activity data which guides REDD+ efforts in the country of Malawi.
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Title
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The effects of supplemental fatty acids on production and nutrient digestibility responses of lactating dairy cows
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Creator
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Western, Marin Marie
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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Addition of fat supplements to dairy rations is becoming more common due to the increases in milk yield and milk fat yield that have been observed. This thesis contains two studies that evaluated the effects of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (C18:1) acids in the form of commercially available supplements (C16:0 and C18:0-enriched) or as custom blends (C16:0 and C18:1) on lactating dairy cows. The first experiment used two commercially-available products enriched in either C16:0 ...
Show moreAddition of fat supplements to dairy rations is becoming more common due to the increases in milk yield and milk fat yield that have been observed. This thesis contains two studies that evaluated the effects of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (C18:1) acids in the form of commercially available supplements (C16:0 and C18:0-enriched) or as custom blends (C16:0 and C18:1) on lactating dairy cows. The first experiment used two commercially-available products enriched in either C16:0 (PA) or C18:0 (SA) supplied at 1.5% diet dry matter (DM) and a control diet with no added fat. Fat supplementation increased milk yield, but decreased total FA digestibility when compared to control. PA increased digestibility of total, 16- and 18-carbon FA as well as NDF digestibility, energy corrected milk (ECM), and milk fat yield when compared to SA. In the second experiment, the effect of differing ratios of C16:0 and C18:1 (fed at 1.5% diet DM) was determined using blends that consisted of 80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1 (80:10) or 60% C16:0 + 30% C18:1 (60:30) across a wide range in production level. Interactions between preliminary milk yield and treatment were observed for dry matter intake (DMI), and yields of ECM and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (3.5% FCM), indicating that higher producing cows responded better to the 60:30 and lower producing cows responded better to the 80:10. 60:30 increased digestibilities of total, 16- and 18- carbon FA compared with 80:10. Together, this work will provide information that can be used to guide feeding decisions to maximize performance and farm income while using commercial FA supplements.
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