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Title
Dorothy M. Harrison talks about the life of Constance Sheltman White including her service in the U.S. Army Medical Department as an occupational therapist during WWI
Creator
Harrison, Dorothy M. (Dorothy McDonald), 1914-2004
Date
1983
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Dorothy M. Harrison describes the efforts of the Louisville Unit of the Women's Overseas Service League to preserve the histories of its members and then talks about the life of Constance Sheltman White who served in the U.S. Army Medical Department as an occupational therapist during World War One. Harrison reads from an article in Louisville Magazine about White entering the the family printing business, her education, her service in France and her work with the Near East Foundation...
Show moreDorothy M. Harrison describes the efforts of the Louisville Unit of the Women's Overseas Service League to preserve the histories of its members and then talks about the life of Constance Sheltman White who served in the U.S. Army Medical Department as an occupational therapist during World War One. Harrison reads from an article in Louisville Magazine about White entering the the family printing business, her education, her service in France and her work with the Near East Foundation teaching children. Harrison also reads from a letter White wrote to the Louisville Unit about her service in the war and in Turkey and in Greece and Iraq with her husband for the Near East Foundation.
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Title
Interviews of Clare Rounsevell Ellinwood on her service in the U.S. Army Medical Corps during WWI
Creator
Ellinwood, Clare Rounsevell, 1896-1989
Date
1985-05-09
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Clare Rounsevell Ellinwood talks about her service in the U.S. Army Medical Corps during World War One as a civilian secretary and says that she volunteered because her fiance had joined the French Army Ambulance Corp. She talks about working in a hospital in Philadelphia, being shipped to Brest, France on the USS Leviathan, traveling by train to the front, and finally being sent to a base near Vichy. She describes how the hospitals were set up, the constant shortage of food, and the utter...
Show moreClare Rounsevell Ellinwood talks about her service in the U.S. Army Medical Corps during World War One as a civilian secretary and says that she volunteered because her fiance had joined the French Army Ambulance Corp. She talks about working in a hospital in Philadelphia, being shipped to Brest, France on the USS Leviathan, traveling by train to the front, and finally being sent to a base near Vichy. She describes how the hospitals were set up, the constant shortage of food, and the utter devastation of the European battlefields. Ellinwood also recalls Armistice Day and the great celebration, and returning to the U.S. in 1919 to marry the man she had followed to France. Ellinwood says that in spite of the many hardships, her service overseas gave her a chance to do things she otherwise would not have gotten an opportunity to do. Ellinwood is interviewed by Margaret E. Duncan.
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Title
Dorothy M. Harrison talks about the life of Sara Landau including her unpaid volunteer service in the American Red Cross during WWI
Creator
Harrison, Dorothy M. (Dorothy McDonald), 1914-2004
Date
1983
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Dorothy M. Harrison describes the efforts of the Louisville Unit of the Women's Overseas Service League to collect oral histories and then talks about the life of Sara Landau who served in the American Red Cross as an unpaid volunteer during World War One. Harrison reads from an interview Landau gave in which she talks about answering telephones and carrying messages in Paris and working in a hospital in Vannes writing letters for the wounded and running a library, and a game room. Landau...
Show moreDorothy M. Harrison describes the efforts of the Louisville Unit of the Women's Overseas Service League to collect oral histories and then talks about the life of Sara Landau who served in the American Red Cross as an unpaid volunteer during World War One. Harrison reads from an interview Landau gave in which she talks about answering telephones and carrying messages in Paris and working in a hospital in Vannes writing letters for the wounded and running a library, and a game room. Landau also describes a visit to the hospital by General Pershing and how she felt on Armistice Day in November 1918.
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Title
Interview of Laura Lutes Waters on her experience with American Red Cross during WWI
Creator
Waters, Laura Lutes, 1891-1983
Date
1983
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Laura Lutes Waters talks about volunteering for the American Red Cross during World War I so that she could be near her brother who was a U.S. Marine serving in France. She says that it was very difficult to get into the Red Cross at the time and that it took her two tries before she was finally accepted. She discusses her Red Cross training, being shipped to Europe aboard a troop ship carrying African-American soldiers and laborers and being pressed into service as a nurse to assist the...
Show moreLaura Lutes Waters talks about volunteering for the American Red Cross during World War I so that she could be near her brother who was a U.S. Marine serving in France. She says that it was very difficult to get into the Red Cross at the time and that it took her two tries before she was finally accepted. She discusses her Red Cross training, being shipped to Europe aboard a troop ship carrying African-American soldiers and laborers and being pressed into service as a nurse to assist the ship's doctor. After Waters ends her interview, Evelyn McHiggins discusses Waters' childhood, post-war life and career as a business woman. McHiggins says Waters was born in Minnesota and spent her childhood in Alaska during the Klondike gold rush and later in life became well known nationally as an innovative and respected travel agent. The recording is introduced by Vivian Peterson.
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Title
Interview of Lena Hitchcock on her pioneering service as an occupational therapist in the U.S. Army during WWI
Creator
Hitchcock, Lena
Date
1982-07-14
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
In an oral history interview, 93 year-old Lena Hitchcock talks about her pioneering service as an occupational therapist in the U.S. Army during World War I. She says that she was one of the first of her profession to join the Army and was in the first group of women sent to France to establish physical therapy practices in American hospitals. Hitchcock recalls being shipped to France aboard a troop transport which was part of a twenty-nine ship British convoy and being assigned to a New York...
Show moreIn an oral history interview, 93 year-old Lena Hitchcock talks about her pioneering service as an occupational therapist in the U.S. Army during World War I. She says that she was one of the first of her profession to join the Army and was in the first group of women sent to France to establish physical therapy practices in American hospitals. Hitchcock recalls being shipped to France aboard a troop transport which was part of a twenty-nine ship British convoy and being assigned to a New York nursing unit which was part of the Army Medical Corps. She says that she was always too busy to keep a diary of her experiences in Europe and that beginning each day at 6:00am she was faced with treating a constant flow of casualties coming in from front line aid stations. Hitchcock also describes the science behind physical therapy, gives a history of the profession and explains why she chose it as a career. The interview is conducted during the 62nd Annual WOSL Convention. Hitchcock is interviewed by Jane Ingersoll Piatt and Geneva K. Wiskemann from the WOSL Lansing Unit.
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Title
Interview of Marion E. Marriman on her service with the YMCA in Europe during WWI
Creator
Marriman, Marion E.
Date
198x
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Marion E. Marriman talks about her service with the YMCA in Europe during World War One from July 1918 to October 1919. Marriman describes preparations for shipping out including taking a year's supply of toilet paper and and says that she was not worried about German submarines during the voyage because her ship carried German and Swiss mail. She describes her uniform, her quarters in Paris, her duties running a canteen and preparing sandwiches and hot cocoa for soldiers. Marriman also talks...
Show moreMarion E. Marriman talks about her service with the YMCA in Europe during World War One from July 1918 to October 1919. Marriman describes preparations for shipping out including taking a year's supply of toilet paper and and says that she was not worried about German submarines during the voyage because her ship carried German and Swiss mail. She describes her uniform, her quarters in Paris, her duties running a canteen and preparing sandwiches and hot cocoa for soldiers. Marriman also talks about Armistice Day celebrations in Paris and says that she was sent with the occupation forces to Koblenz, Germany where she met her future husband, and that her duties included entertaining the troops and that she danced through 14 pairs of shoes. Marriman also says she had a difficult time re-adjusting to life back in the United States. Marriman is interviewed by Elizabeth Booker and Mary Myers.
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Title
Interview of Victoria O'Hearn on her experiences as nurse in France during WWI
Creator
O'Hearn, Victoria, 1891-1988
Date
198x
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Victoria O'Hearn talks about her experiences as nurse in France during World War One. She recalls being asked to translate evacuation notices sent to French citizens just prior to the bombing of their village, being stationed in a Paris hospital and having to chastise Marshall Petain for not closing a hospital door, being lost in the dark during a blackout while trying to help a little French girl shop for a gift, and treating an Italian laborer who trusted her with his life savings to send...
Show moreVictoria O'Hearn talks about her experiences as nurse in France during World War One. She recalls being asked to translate evacuation notices sent to French citizens just prior to the bombing of their village, being stationed in a Paris hospital and having to chastise Marshall Petain for not closing a hospital door, being lost in the dark during a blackout while trying to help a little French girl shop for a gift, and treating an Italian laborer who trusted her with his life savings to send back to his wife. O'Hearns says that the morale and fighting spirit of French civilians in war time was amazing and that she herself found her work rewarding even in the face of long hours and difficult conditions. Ends abruptly.
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Title
Laura Smith talks about her service as a U.S. Army nurse during WWI
Creator
Smith, Laura, 1893-
Date
1983
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Laura Smith talks about her service as an Army nurse during the First World War. Smith says she graduated from nursing school in the spring of 1917, was inducted into the Army in February 1918 and was sent with her unit to Liverpool, England that same year. Smith says that she was later assigned to a mobile tent hospital near Chateau-Thierry and recalls the surgeries, the daily hospital routine, her quarters, wood stoves for heat, blackout conditions, and meals. Her unit, Smith says, moved...
Show moreLaura Smith talks about her service as an Army nurse during the First World War. Smith says she graduated from nursing school in the spring of 1917, was inducted into the Army in February 1918 and was sent with her unit to Liverpool, England that same year. Smith says that she was later assigned to a mobile tent hospital near Chateau-Thierry and recalls the surgeries, the daily hospital routine, her quarters, wood stoves for heat, blackout conditions, and meals. Her unit, Smith says, moved with the troops to the Meuse-Argonne front and she describes the horrors of the battle, treating gas attack victims and the onslaught of the flu epidemic which killed so many. She remembers the feelings she had when the guns fell silent on November 11th and taking a cruise up the Rhine near Koblenz in March 1919, visiting Monaco, and the Alps and finally being sent back to the U.S. in early June 1919.
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Title
Interview of Florence Failing Kenny on her service in the British Volunteer Army Division during World War I
Creator
Kenny, Florence Failing, 1891-1983
Date
1983-05-28
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Florence Failing Kenny discusses her service in the British Volunteer Army Division during World War I. Kenny says that she found out about the VAD through newspaper stories in Syracuse, NY where she was attending college and decided to join up and go overseas. Kenny talks about taking convalescing soldiers to have tea with the royal family, meeting Princess Alice, the differences between the English socialites who were in the VAD and the Americans and says that all VAD uniforms were tailor...
Show moreFlorence Failing Kenny discusses her service in the British Volunteer Army Division during World War I. Kenny says that she found out about the VAD through newspaper stories in Syracuse, NY where she was attending college and decided to join up and go overseas. Kenny talks about taking convalescing soldiers to have tea with the royal family, meeting Princess Alice, the differences between the English socialites who were in the VAD and the Americans and says that all VAD uniforms were tailor-made because the English socialites wouldn't accept generic sizing for their uniforms. She also remembers being reprimanded by a colleague's parents for taking the English girls to a cocktail bar in London and ending up in a rest home after the war because she had lost so much weight. Kenny is interviewed by Genevieve Hill Cadmus and Thelma Norris.
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Title
Interview of Alta May Andrews Sharp on her service in the American Red Cross and the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during WWI
Creator
Sharp, Alta May Andrews
Date
1985-04-16
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Alta May Andrews Sharp talks about her service in the American Red Cross and the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during World War One. Sharp says that she served in the Red Cross for two years at "Military Hospital No. 1" as chief nurse in ward 83, before finally volunteering for the Army. She talks about her basic training, learning to salute, the voyage to England in a convoy escorted by sub-chasers and battle ships, sleeping in her life jacket, and having lifeboat drills daily. She says that she...
Show moreAlta May Andrews Sharp talks about her service in the American Red Cross and the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during World War One. Sharp says that she served in the Red Cross for two years at "Military Hospital No. 1" as chief nurse in ward 83, before finally volunteering for the Army. She talks about her basic training, learning to salute, the voyage to England in a convoy escorted by sub-chasers and battle ships, sleeping in her life jacket, and having lifeboat drills daily. She says that she was stationed in France and discusses her duties, her pay, her quarters, her gray chambray uniform with the "butchers apron," and being shelled by the huge German artillery gun known as "Big Bertha." Sharp says that the nurses were treated well but were prohibited from dating enlisted men and that the officers were only interested in French girls. When they learned of the Armistice she says that she and her friends traveled to Paris to celebrate "all day and night." Ends abruptly. Sharp is interviewed by Margaret E. Duncan.
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Title
Interview of Agnes Elaine Osborn Myers on her service in U.S. Army Nurse Corps during WWI
Creator
Myers, Agnes Elaine Osborn
Date
1983-11-02
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Agnes Elaine Osborn Myers talks about joining the U.S. Army Nurse Corps in September 1917 and serving in World War One. Myers says that she completed nurse's training at Philadelphia General Hospital, joined the Army immediately after the U.S. entered the war and was sent directly to a hospital without ever having basic training. Myers talks about her uniform, slogging through the mud in France, being cold all of the time, working in both hospitals and tents, being assigned to areas where...
Show moreAgnes Elaine Osborn Myers talks about joining the U.S. Army Nurse Corps in September 1917 and serving in World War One. Myers says that she completed nurse's training at Philadelphia General Hospital, joined the Army immediately after the U.S. entered the war and was sent directly to a hospital without ever having basic training. Myers talks about her uniform, slogging through the mud in France, being cold all of the time, working in both hospitals and tents, being assigned to areas where major offensives were taking place, her duties treating injured and ill troops, and being busy every minute of every day. Myers says that she met her future husband, a captain in the 78th Division, in France and married him when they returned to the States. Myers is interviewed by Ruth Banonis.
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Title
Interview of Edna Scott on her service with the American Red Cross in France in 1918 and 1919
Creator
Scott, Edna, 1898-1990
Date
1982-07-14
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Edna Scott talks about her service with the American Red Cross in France in 1918 and 1919. Scott says that she joined the Red Cross in 1918 as a nurse's aide, but soon became a canteen worker and also spent time visiting the injured and sick in hospital. Scott says she has been a member of the Red Cross for over sixty years and helped found the WOSL unit in Kansas City in 1921. She talks about her uniform, puts on her service cap for the interviewers and says that she would do it all over...
Show moreEdna Scott talks about her service with the American Red Cross in France in 1918 and 1919. Scott says that she joined the Red Cross in 1918 as a nurse's aide, but soon became a canteen worker and also spent time visiting the injured and sick in hospital. Scott says she has been a member of the Red Cross for over sixty years and helped found the WOSL unit in Kansas City in 1921. She talks about her uniform, puts on her service cap for the interviewers and says that she would do it all over again if she had the chance. Scott is interviewed by Evelyn McHiggins with Jane Piatt and Geneva K. Wiskemann.
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Title
Interview of Helen Schwarz on her serivce in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during WWI
Creator
Schwarz, Helen B. (Helen Brennan)
Date
1983-05-19
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Helen B. Schwarz says that she was motivated by patriotism to join the U.S. Army Nurse Corps an discusses her service during World War I in this oral history interview. Schwarz says that she was first sent to Fort Gordon in Georgia for training and later shipped to France to work in a hospital that was called "Base 114". Schwarz recalls her pay, her nursing duties, living in tents and barracks, her uniform, working twelve hour shifts and going AWOL with another girl to visit Paris. Schwarz...
Show moreHelen B. Schwarz says that she was motivated by patriotism to join the U.S. Army Nurse Corps an discusses her service during World War I in this oral history interview. Schwarz says that she was first sent to Fort Gordon in Georgia for training and later shipped to France to work in a hospital that was called "Base 114". Schwarz recalls her pay, her nursing duties, living in tents and barracks, her uniform, working twelve hour shifts and going AWOL with another girl to visit Paris. Schwarz says that obeying curfew was her biggest challenge in the military and that she enjoyed "every minute of her time in the Army. Schwarz is interviewed by Betty Thompson.
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Title
Interview of Ellen Marie Johnson on her service with the U.S. Army Nurse Corps in France during WWI. Part 2
Creator
Johnson, Ellen Marie, 1893-1987
Date
1984-12-27
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Title
Interview of Elizabeth Margaret Phillips on her service in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps in Europe during WWI
Creator
Phillips, Elizabeth Margaret, 1884-
Date
1982-04-28
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Ninety-eight year old Elizabeth Phillips talks about her service in the Army Nurse Corps in Europe during World War I. She recalls being assigned to a hospital five miles behind the front near Avignon, France, German planes flying over on their way to bomb Paris, surgeries performed as wounded were brought in from the front, her general duties, the large number of casualties, the catastrophic flu epidemic in 1918 and the many funerals, the regimentation and twelve hour shifts, and that when...
Show moreNinety-eight year old Elizabeth Phillips talks about her service in the Army Nurse Corps in Europe during World War I. She recalls being assigned to a hospital five miles behind the front near Avignon, France, German planes flying over on their way to bomb Paris, surgeries performed as wounded were brought in from the front, her general duties, the large number of casualties, the catastrophic flu epidemic in 1918 and the many funerals, the regimentation and twelve hour shifts, and that when her unit was first deployed to France in May of 1917, the nurses did not receive rations and were expected to find their own food. Phillips explains that nurses had no rank in World War I and were not treated as equals and says that she lobbied vigorously in World War II to correct that inequality. She also says she tried to volunteer for service during World War II, but was refused and spent the war preparing Red Cross packages for shipment to American POWs in German camps.
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Title
Interview of Mary Agnes Rust Gruetzman on her service as an American Red Cross nurse in France during World War I
Creator
Gruetzman, Mary
Date
1984-06
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Ninety-three year-old Mary Agnes Rust Gruetzman talks about her service as an American Red Cross nurse in France during World War I. Gruetzman says that she, like many other young men and women, felt truly inspired to serve the cause and their country. Gruetzman discusses her nurse's training in Illinois, being sent overseas against the protests of her mother, the hospitals in which she worked, and her duties. She says that she was prohibited from keeping a diary while in France so she had...
Show moreNinety-three year-old Mary Agnes Rust Gruetzman talks about her service as an American Red Cross nurse in France during World War I. Gruetzman says that she, like many other young men and women, felt truly inspired to serve the cause and their country. Gruetzman discusses her nurse's training in Illinois, being sent overseas against the protests of her mother, the hospitals in which she worked, and her duties. She says that she was prohibited from keeping a diary while in France so she had the soldiers she treated write for her. Gruetzman's remarks are interspersed with interviewer Mae-Marie Irons's narration of Gruetzman's memories. Nelva Gillette also reads from Gruetzman's diary entries about being shipped to Brest, France, traveling to Paris, and her trip back to the States. The recording ends with songs from World War One including "Oh, how I hate to get up in the morning" sung by Arthur Fields and a medley sung by Jeffery O'Hara.
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Title
Interview of Matilda Papenhausen on her service in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during WWI
Creator
Papenhausen, Matilda, 1894-1985
Date
1984-08-23
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Matilda Papenhausen talks about her service in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during World War One. Papenhausen explains why she volunteered for the Army and says that her unit was deployed to an American staffed British hospital in France in July 1917. She talks about the diseases, injuries and wounds she treated, her uniform, quarters, rations, and social activities. Papenhausen says she returned to the States shortly after the Armistice and worked in a Kansas hospital as an assistant...
Show moreMatilda Papenhausen talks about her service in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during World War One. Papenhausen explains why she volunteered for the Army and says that her unit was deployed to an American staffed British hospital in France in July 1917. She talks about the diseases, injuries and wounds she treated, her uniform, quarters, rations, and social activities. Papenhausen says she returned to the States shortly after the Armistice and worked in a Kansas hospital as an assistant superintendent of nurses, and later as a government hospital inspector in Iowa and South Dakota. Ends abruptly. Papenhausen is interviewed by Dorothy W. Early.
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Title
Interview of Hazel M. Hamilton on her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps during WWII
Creator
Hamilton, Hazel M.
Date
1983-05-28
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Hazel M. Hamilton, formerly a sergeant in the Women's Army Corps, talks about her service in World War Two. Hamilton explains why she enlisted in July 1942 and talks about going through confidential secretary training and working and housing conditions at her duty stations in Des Moines, Iowa, Daytona, Florida, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Fort Sam Houston and Fort Hood, Texas, Fort Hamilton, New York, and in Scotland, England and Paris, France. After being discharged, Hamilton says that she took...
Show moreHazel M. Hamilton, formerly a sergeant in the Women's Army Corps, talks about her service in World War Two. Hamilton explains why she enlisted in July 1942 and talks about going through confidential secretary training and working and housing conditions at her duty stations in Des Moines, Iowa, Daytona, Florida, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Fort Sam Houston and Fort Hood, Texas, Fort Hamilton, New York, and in Scotland, England and Paris, France. After being discharged, Hamilton says that she took advantage of the G.I. Bill and attended secretarial school for eight months in Pasadena, California. Hamilton also reminisces about her childhood and events she remembers from World War One. Hamilton is interviewed by Thelma Norris and Genevieve Cadmus.
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Title
Interview of Lucile Pauline Matignon Crane on her service as a surgical nurse in the U.S. Navy during WWI
Creator
Crane, Lucile Pauline Matignon, 1892-1988
Date
1984-12-27
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Lucile Pauline Matignon Crane talks about her service as a surgical nurse in the U.S. Navy during World War One, between April 1917 and February 1919. Crane says that she graduated from nursing school in 1914 and first worked at Stanford Hospital in San Francisco and that she enlisted in the Navy for good pay, and a chance for more education and equal opportunity. She talks about shipping out to Scotland, working in a surgical unit in a hospital which was a former resort hotel, the types of...
Show moreLucile Pauline Matignon Crane talks about her service as a surgical nurse in the U.S. Navy during World War One, between April 1917 and February 1919. Crane says that she graduated from nursing school in 1914 and first worked at Stanford Hospital in San Francisco and that she enlisted in the Navy for good pay, and a chance for more education and equal opportunity. She talks about shipping out to Scotland, working in a surgical unit in a hospital which was a former resort hotel, the types of injuries she treated and socializing with enlisted men because the doctors were off limits. She also says that she was one of the first nurses to be sent home as the war wound down, spent her leave in Paris and was shipped home from Brest with ten women and thousands of men. Crane talks about her career after leaving the Navy, marrying and settling in Modesto, CA and notes that she received no special recognition for her service until the state of California paid a veterans bonus. The interviewer is unidentified.
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Title
Interview of Hildegarde Abbott on her service in the U.S. Signal Corps during WWI
Creator
Abbott, Hildegarde, 1896-1985
Date
1983-05-13
Collection
Women's Overseas Service League Oral History Project
Description
Hildegarde Abbott talks about her service as a "Hello Girl" telephone operator in the U.S. Signal Corps during World War One. Abbott reminisces about her training, other women in the Corps, her duties, life in France, socializing with soldiers, making candy, writing letters for the wounded in the military hospital, dating officers, having the flu during the epidemic and doing things the nurses didn't have time to do, all in addition to her telephone duties. She says that she got her sixty...
Show moreHildegarde Abbott talks about her service as a "Hello Girl" telephone operator in the U.S. Signal Corps during World War One. Abbott reminisces about her training, other women in the Corps, her duties, life in France, socializing with soldiers, making candy, writing letters for the wounded in the military hospital, dating officers, having the flu during the epidemic and doing things the nurses didn't have time to do, all in addition to her telephone duties. She says that she got her sixty-dollar-a-month job because the Army needed French speaking women to use the duel French/American telephone systems and to serve as interpreters. She recalls knowing in advance when the Armistice would be signed but not being able to talk about it and then celebrating when the war was finally over. After the war, Abbott says that she served with the Peace Commission overseas and finally returned to the U.S. in 1920. At home she married, finished college, started a family and she says visited France later in life when her son was teaching there. Abbott is interviewed by Jane Piatt and Mary C. Burnham.
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