You are here
Search results
(1 - 2 of 2)
- Title
- A neural recording front end for multi-channel wireless implantable applications
- Creator
- Li, Haitao
- Date
- 2011
- Collection
- Electronic Theses & Dissertations
- Description
-
A great demand exists for technologies that enable neuroscientists and clinicians to simultaneously observe the activity of many neurons in the brain. By recording this activity, awake animal behavior can be predicted in real time, brain-machine interfaces controlling the machine by thought can be set up, and treatments for neurological disorders can be explored. Existing commercial neural recording equipment are bench-top systems that are bulky, high cost, and consume high power. They also...
Show moreA great demand exists for technologies that enable neuroscientists and clinicians to simultaneously observe the activity of many neurons in the brain. By recording this activity, awake animal behavior can be predicted in real time, brain-machine interfaces controlling the machine by thought can be set up, and treatments for neurological disorders can be explored. Existing commercial neural recording equipment are bench-top systems that are bulky, high cost, and consume high power. They also require wire bundles tethering the neural recording probes to skull-mounted a connector that lead to tissue infection, external noise and interfering signals coupling. To overcome these disadvantages, a miniature wireless implanted multi-channel integrated neural recording micro-system with low power and low noise is needed. This thesis contributes to the analog front end of such a micro-system, which provides a low-power, low-noise neural interface that detects and amplifies neural signals and digitizes them for further signal processing. The front end includes neural amplifiers and an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). This thesis work addresses the challenges to developing an analog front end for wireless implanted multi-channel neural recording systems, which include ultra low noise, extremely low power, high power supply rejection radio, low area occupation, sufficient data conversion speed and optimizing design tradeoff between all these requirements. Two versions of a neural amplifier were built. The second version was optimized based on the design experience of the first version and a comprehensive theoretical analysis of neural amplifiers. Following the optimization guidelines, noise efficiency and a new figure of merit for neural amplifiers were effectively improved. A successive approximation (SAR) ADC tailored to wireless implantable neural recording systems was also designed. The new SARADC is able to process 32 neural spikes recording channels in a multiplexing manner with low power consumption and low area occupation. The results of this research lay a solid foundation for future realization of high sensitivity wireless implantable neural recording system.
Show less
- Title
- Compact, low-power microelectronic instrumentation for wearable electrochemical sensor arrays in health hazard monitoring
- Creator
- Li, Haitao
- Date
- 2016
- Collection
- Electronic Theses & Dissertations
- Description
-
Biological and chemical hazards threaten human health and are of growing world concern. Wearable sensors offer the potential to monitor local exposure of individual users while enabling distribution across a global scale. However, achieving this goal is challenged by the lack of autonomous high performance sensors with the power and size features required for wearable implementation. Wearable sensors need sensing techniques having high-performance in power, sensitivity, and selectivity for...
Show moreBiological and chemical hazards threaten human health and are of growing world concern. Wearable sensors offer the potential to monitor local exposure of individual users while enabling distribution across a global scale. However, achieving this goal is challenged by the lack of autonomous high performance sensors with the power and size features required for wearable implementation. Wearable sensors need sensing techniques having high-performance in power, sensitivity, and selectivity for biological and chemical hazards within a small volume. The autonomous operation of wearable sensors demands electronics to intelligently analyze, store, and transmit the data and generate alerts, within the strict constraints of power, and size. Electrochemical sensors have many characteristics that meet the challenging performance requirements of wearable sensors. However, the electrochemical instrumentation circuits are too heavy, bulky, expensive and consume too much power for wearable applications. Modern complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology provides an ultra-small, low-cost, low-power and high-performance solution for wearable sensors. This dissertation investigates CMOS circuit design for wearable electrochemical sensor arrays in health hazard monitoring. Multiple electrochemical modes provide orthogonal data to sensor array algorithms to improve sensor sensitivity and selectivity. A unique multi-mode resource-sharing instrumentation circuit was developed to integrate amperometric and impedance sensing abilities, and share electronics components among recording channels, with reduced size, cost, and power. A wearable sensor array can measure multiple hazardous targets in a wide range of concentrations. To address the wide dynamic range of such a sensor array, a new CMOS amperometric circuit that combines digital modulation of input currents and a semi-synchronous incremental Σ∆ ADC was developed. The new circuit simultaneously achieves a combination of wide dynamic range (164 dB), high sensitivity (100 fA), high power efficiency (241 μW) and compact size (50 readout channels on a 3×3 mm2 chip) that is not available in any existing instrumentation circuits. While the circuits above addressed key challenges in gas sensors, electrochemical biosensors offer a different set of challenges. In particular, miniaturized biosensors based on nanopore interfaces, including ion channel proteins, have great potential for high-throughput biological study and wearable biosensing. However, they require electrochemical instrumentation circuits that are compact, low power, and highly sensitive, high bandwidth. To address this need, a shared-segment interleaved amperometric readout circuit was developed, and measurement results show it has superior performance in terms of power and area compared to other known current sensing circuits for the same biological targets. This circuit achieves 7.2 pArms noise in a 11.5 kHz bandwidth, over 90 nA bidirectional input current range with only 21 μW power consumption, and allowing over 400 channels to be integrated on a single chip. The combined results of this research overcome many challenges for the development of wearable electrochemical sensor array in health hazard monitoring applications.
Show less