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Title: UNDERSTANDING THE PARASITIC VARIABILITY OF THE NORTHERN ROOT KNOT NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA) THROUGH MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES OF SOIL BIOME AND ENVIRONMENT
Creator: Lartey, Isaac
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Managing Meloidogyne hapla remains challenging due to the ban of broad-spectrumnematicides, lack of resistant crops and its broad host range. It also has parasitic variability (PV) where populations (pop) are morphologically and genetically similar but vary in pathogenicity and reproductive potential. Although PV in M. hapla appears to have some relationship to soil types, what soil conditions favor its PV and/or its distribution are unknown. The goal of my research was to understand the soil...
Show moreManaging Meloidogyne hapla remains challenging due to the ban of broad-spectrumnematicides, lack of resistant crops and its broad host range. It also has parasitic variability (PV) where populations (pop) are morphologically and genetically similar but vary in pathogenicity and reproductive potential. Although PV in M. hapla appears to have some relationship to soil types, what soil conditions favor its PV and/or its distribution are unknown. The goal of my research was to understand the soil conditions where M. hapla PV exist by quantifying the biophysicochemical (BPC) conditions from the ecosystem down to microbiome level. I designed observational and experimental approaches and tested four objectives. First, was to evaluate the association between soil conditions and M. hapla distribution at the ecosystem level. My hypothesis was that the presence of M. hapla will be associated with degraded soil conditions. I selected 15 (6 muck and 9 mineral soil) agricultural fields with adjacent natural vegetation in southwest, northwest and eastern regions of the lower peninsula of Michigan as study sites. I collected a total of 75 (5 per field) georeferenced soil samples from agricultural fields and equal number from adjacent natural vegetation soils, quantified the soil food web (SFW) conditions using the Ferris SFW model, and screened for M. hapla presence or absence. The fields were described either as disturbed, degraded (worst-case) or maturing (best-case). Meloidogyne hapla was present in 3 mineral (2, 8 and 13) and 6 muck (4, 5, 6, 10, 14 15) agricultural fields with degraded and/or disturbed soil conditions and absent from maturing soils, partially supporting the hypothesis. Degraded soils had low nitrogen content in both soil groups. The second objective was to isolate and culture the 9 M. hapla populations to test a hypothesis that PV is related to specific SFW conditions. I found three categories of reproductive potential: the highest (Pop 13), medium (Pop 8), both from degraded mineral soils, and lowest from disturbed mineral (Pop 2) and disturbed (Pops 4, 6 and 10) and degraded (Pops 5, 14 and 15) muck soils. Thus, the hypothesis was not supported. The third objective, was to determine relationships between microbial community structure and M. hapla distribution. My working hypotheses were that there is a relationship among microbiome, soil health and M. hapla occurrence. Microbial community structure in the fields was determined from sub-samples of the same samples where the nematodes were isolated. I used 16S (bacteria) and ITS (fungi) rDNA analysis and characterized the microbial composition, core- and indicator-microbes co-existing with M. hapla pop in the field soils and soil conditions relative to the Ferris SFW model description. The results showed that bacterial and fungal community abundance and composition varied by soil group, SFW conditions and/or M. hapla occurrence. I found that a core of 39 bacterial and 44 fungal sub-operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found variably, 25 bacterial OTUs associated with presence or absence of M. hapla, and 1,065 OTUs were associated SFW conditions. All three hypotheses were supported. The final objective was to determine the relationship between PV and the microbes associated with M. hapla pop. I compared bacteria present in M. hapla pop isolated from the field and greenhouse cultures. The hypothesis was that either presence and/or absence of specific bacteria are associated with M. hapla population. Population 8 shared more bacteria with the lowest reproductive potential pop than Population 13. Presence of several bacteria was unique to Population 8 as was the absence of other bacteria to Pop 13 in either field or greenhouse nematodes. Therefore, the hypothesis was supported. My research findings provide a foundation for: a) testing the relationship between M. hapla PV and the BPC conditions and b) designing soil health-based management strategies.
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Title: IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER WHEAT AND SUGARBEET YIELD, GROWTH, AND QUALITY UTILIZING INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Creator: Thomas, Lacie Katharine
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The overwintering success of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) along with heightened awareness of soil spatial variabilities have growers focusing more on season-long soil nutrient availability. Field trials were initiated in Richville and Lansing, MI to evaluate the effects of autumn starter, spring nitrogen (N), and varietal stature on winter wheat plant growth, grain yield, and expected net return. Application of autumn starter (i.e., mid and high treatments compared to no autumn starter...
Show moreThe overwintering success of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) along with heightened awareness of soil spatial variabilities have growers focusing more on season-long soil nutrient availability. Field trials were initiated in Richville and Lansing, MI to evaluate the effects of autumn starter, spring nitrogen (N), and varietal stature on winter wheat plant growth, grain yield, and expected net return. Application of autumn starter (i.e., mid and high treatments compared to no autumn starter) increased grain and straw yield in all site years. Autumn starter and spring N applications indicate above-recommended spring N did not compensate for the lack of autumn-applied starter during establishment. Mid-rate autumn starter was the most economical option under the current environmental conditions to maximize grain and straw yield in soft red and white winter wheat. When fertilizing for straw production, varieties may respond to greater rates of autumn starter, but yield increases did not result in increased profitability. One of the more severe foliar pathogens capable of causing damage to sugarbeet is Cercospora beticola, the causal pathogen of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS). When not managed appropriately, CLS can reduce sugarbeet yield 40%. Management strategies including boron (B)-containing compounds have shown to have fungistatic properties with the ability to reduce disease severity in the field. Field studies were established to investigate the effects of foliar applied B on sugarbeet plant health and CLS disease severity. Application of foliar B did not reduce CLS in field environments across site years. Complementary in vitro studies were conducted to test B effects on C. beticola mycelial growth. Cercospora beticola EC50 values were 772-876 mg kg-1 for sodium tetraborate. Reduced control options, increased CLS resistance, and increase B requirement of sugarbeet enhance the need for further evaluation of alternative control. In-field evaluation of various B timing, increased B concentration, and addition of B-containing compounds may contribute to future CLS control.
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Title: THROUGH THE MAGMA MUSH : TRACING MAGMA EVOLUTION FROM THE MANTLE, THROUGH THE CRUST, AND TO THE SURFACE USING THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF ERUPTED MELTS AND MINERALS
Creator: Svoboda, Christopher
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Studies synthesizing field work, numerical simulations, petrology, geochemistry, and geophysical observations indicate that the compositional diversity of lavas results from evolution of mantle-derived basaltic magmas by mixing, assimilation, and fractional crystallization. These studies indicate this evolution occurs within dispersed complexes called transcrustal magmatic systems, rather than tank-like magma chambers. The processes within these magmatic systems have implications for...
Show moreStudies synthesizing field work, numerical simulations, petrology, geochemistry, and geophysical observations indicate that the compositional diversity of lavas results from evolution of mantle-derived basaltic magmas by mixing, assimilation, and fractional crystallization. These studies indicate this evolution occurs within dispersed complexes called transcrustal magmatic systems, rather than tank-like magma chambers. The processes within these magmatic systems have implications for understanding the evolution of continental crust, the breakup of continental landmasses, and the hazards associated with volcanism. We present three studies in various tectonic and magmatic settings, using the geochemistry of whole rocks and minerals to relate magmatic processes within transcrustal magma systems and their inputs from the mantle to large-scale plate tectonic and geodynamic questions. In a study of magnesium-rich andesites from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, I link primitive mineral compositions in Mg-depleted melts to the growth of magma accommodation zones in a rifting segment of arc crust. Mineral constraints on temperature and pressure indicate that the plumbing system first formed at mid- to lower-crustal pressures (3.5-7.0±2.8 kbar). I interpret the mafic mineralogy and presence of disequilibrium features as evidence that these andesites and their crystal cargo represent the products of a developing magmatic system in the middle to lower crust. This study addresses the question of how magmatic systems initially form and evolve. I examine lavas from the back arc of Patagonian Argentina, where volcanism is displaced from the magmatic arc due to subduction of oceanic spreading centers. I demonstrate using thermodynamic models that the source regions for melts contain volumes of pyroxenite (3-11%), and were generated at high pressures (2.6-2.7 GPa). These melting conditions have been consistent since the Eocene. I interpret these results as evidence of detachment of pyroxene-rich lithosphere that was created by magma-lithosphere interaction during the Mesozoic breakup of Gondwana. These results show a link between prior magmatic events the role of pyroxene-rich mantle lithologies in subsequent mantle melting episodes. Finally, I present a study that probes the evolution of late-stage magmas in the failed 1.1-billion-year-old Mid-Continent Rift that are analogous to packages of lava and sediment that are buried during the final stages of continental breakup. I present evidence showing magma mixing between primitive and evolved residual magma controls the magma composition in these lavas. The highly negative εHf and εNd isotopic characteristics of these magmas, supported by modeling outcomes, suggest extensive assimilation (15%) of continental crust accompanying fractional crystallization of olivine, plagioclase feldspar, and spinel at 4 kbar pressure and 1060° C. I interpret this as a renewed pulse of magma that has exploited a preexisting transcrustal magmatic system. I posit that this system had its magma supply exhausted at the end of the main stage of volcanism but remained partially molten due to residual heat from the main stage. The results of this study have implications for the persistence of these magmatic systems through time. Each individual study, while from disparate time periods and tectonic settings, demonstrates that the transcrustal magmatic system (and the transcrustal system’s link to the mantle) provides a suitable conceptual framework for modeling and describing the evolution of magmas. These systems are not static but rather change with time to respond to geodynamic forces and rates of magma delivery.
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Title: EFFICIENT AND PORTABLE SPARSE SOLVERS FOR HETEROGENEOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Creator: Rabbi, Md Fazlay
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Sparse matrix computations arise in the form of the solution of systems of linear equations, matrix factorization, linear least-squares problems, and eigenvalue problems in numerous computational disciplines ranging from quantum many-body problems, computational fluid dynamics, machine learning and graph analytics. The scale of problems in these scientific applications typically necessitates execution on massively parallel architectures. Moreover, due to the irregular data access patterns and...
Show moreSparse matrix computations arise in the form of the solution of systems of linear equations, matrix factorization, linear least-squares problems, and eigenvalue problems in numerous computational disciplines ranging from quantum many-body problems, computational fluid dynamics, machine learning and graph analytics. The scale of problems in these scientific applications typically necessitates execution on massively parallel architectures. Moreover, due to the irregular data access patterns and low arithmetic intensities of sparse matrix computations, achieving high performance and scalability is very difficult. These challenges are further exacerbated by the increasingly complex deep memory hierarchies of the modern architectures as they typically integrate several layers of memory storage. Data movement is an important bottleneck against efficiency and energy consumption in large-scale sparse matrix computations. Minimizing data movement across layers of the memory and overlapping data movement with computations are keys to achieving high performance in sparse matrix computations. My thesis work contributes towards systematically identifying algorithmic challenges of the sparse solvers and providing optimized and high performing solutions for both shared memory architectures and heterogeneous architectures by minimizing data movements between different memory layers. For this purpose, we first introduce a shared memory task-parallel framework focusing on optimizing the entire solvers rather than a specific kernel. As most of the recent (or upcoming) supercomputers are equipped with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), we decided to evaluate the efficacy of the directive-based programming models (i.e., OpenMP and OpenACC) in offloading computations on GPU to achieve performance portability. Being inspired by the promising results of this work, we port and optimize our shared memory task-parallel framework on GPU accelerated systems to execute problem sizes that exceed device memory.
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Title: HYALURONAN AS EFFECTIVE PLATFORMS FOR COMBINATORIAL CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVE GENERATION, AND FOR IMAGE-GUIDED SURGERY WITH SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (SERS)
Creator: Liu, Kunli
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Hyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharides of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. HA plays important roles in a wide range of biological events. The principal endogenous receptor of HA, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), is overexpressed on many types of tumor cells as well as inflammatory cells in human bodies. HA-CD44 interactions are important in cell adhesion, cell migration, induction of hematopoietic differentiation, and signaling for cell...
Show moreHyaluronan (HA) is a polysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharides of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. HA plays important roles in a wide range of biological events. The principal endogenous receptor of HA, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), is overexpressed on many types of tumor cells as well as inflammatory cells in human bodies. HA-CD44 interactions are important in cell adhesion, cell migration, induction of hematopoietic differentiation, and signaling for cell activation. Other HA receptors include lymphatic vessel endothelial HA receptor-1 (LYVE-1), and HA receptor for endocytosis (HARE). HA is versatile for chemical modification or conjugation by exploiting the reactivity of carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, or the reducing end of the HA chain. Through chemical modification of HA, various kinds of self-assembled HA nanoparticles (HA-NPs) can be generated. There are increasing interests in utilizing HA-NPs for targeted imaging and therapy. Active targeting from HA-CD44 mediated interaction could lead to selective accumulation of HA-NPs at targeted disease sites. Chapter 1 is a review focusing on the synthesis strategies of self-assembled HA-NPs, as well as their applications in therapy and biomedical imaging. With the recognition of the importance of HA-CD44 interactions, there have been substantial efforts to develop novel compounds capable of binding with CD44 to modulate CD44 biology. Chapter 2 reports a novel approach for generating HA derivatives with enhanced CD44 binding. By modifying the carboxyl group on HA with various amine, aldehyde, and isocyanide moieties through the Ugi reaction, 36 HA like polysaccharides were generated. Two lead compounds were identified with enhanced CD44 binding from the polysaccharide library compared to unmodified HA, which was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and cellular studies. Ski-learn as a machine learning tool was utilized to analyze the library of binding data and yield prediction with an accuracy over 80%. In conclusion, modification of HA via the Ugi reaction can be a promising approach to develop novel binders toward CD44. While HA has been frequently employed as the targeting molecule in imaging via near infrared (NIR) or magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging, the potential of HA for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging has not yet been explored. SERS NPs are well-known for strong multiplexing capability, since different flavors of SERS NPs can be synthesized using different SERS dyes, resonant or non-resonant dye. SERS NPs are a promising tool for tumor margin removal in image-guided surgery. However, there are several challenges associated with SERS NPs for cancer imaging: 1) reproducible synthesis of SERS NPs; 2) ligand attachment for SERS NPs. Chapter 3 addresses these two issues by: 1) developing a reproducible protocol for 50 nm SERS NPs with low-femtomolar detection sensitivity; 2) employing liposome as the bridge for HA attachment to SERS NPs. The resulting HA-liposome SERS NPs have been successfully applied in imaging guided surgical removal of breast cancer in a spontaneous mouse breast cancer model.
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Title: Locating the Great Cyclone of 1970 and Subsequent Disaster Relief Efforts in East Pakistan
Creator: Bullock, Michelle L.
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Darkness, water, wind, and tragedy. The Great Cyclone of 1970 swept into East Pakistan on the evening of November 12, its surging waters wiping out whole villages. The final death toll is still unknown. But for one of the first times in history, relief aid came pouring in from around the world. Several countries participated in short term relief to provide food, water purification, and shelter to people within the hardest hit areas. Pakistan implemented an agricultural rehabilitation plan to...
Show moreDarkness, water, wind, and tragedy. The Great Cyclone of 1970 swept into East Pakistan on the evening of November 12, its surging waters wiping out whole villages. The final death toll is still unknown. But for one of the first times in history, relief aid came pouring in from around the world. Several countries participated in short term relief to provide food, water purification, and shelter to people within the hardest hit areas. Pakistan implemented an agricultural rehabilitation plan to provide food and agricultural aid to see the agrarian society through until the next harvest. Exactly where much of this aid went is not clear. Select aspects of the short- and medium-term aid effort that were connected to geographic locations were mapped. Maps were created from British and American accounts depicting national relief efforts and the international helicopter relief assistance. This paper also used post-cyclone surveys and aid reports to map the distribution of agricultural aid. It also discusses three of the factors that were considered when allocating the agricultural aid: season, manpower, and supplies and equipment. This paper also conducts content analysis of news coverage of the relief effort during this time using newspaper articles from the two largest international contributors: the United Kingdom and the United States. The purpose of this paper is to locate the cyclone and subsequent relief efforts in their geographic and historical context by mapping and analyzing the relief efforts and their contemporary perception.
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Title: (de)(anti)(intra) : Queer Self-Storying as Embodied, Community, and Theory-Building Processes
Creator: de Sostoa-McCue, Tania
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This cultural rhetorics project asserts that story is theory, and surfaces self-storying as an embodied, theory-building process. I undertook phased interviews with three queer creative writers, holding space for their stories in order to witness, interact with and to learn from the ways in which queer authors discuss and approach relationships with one another through storying and composing. This desire to learn from other queer-identified community stakeholders led to the emergence of a...
Show moreThis cultural rhetorics project asserts that story is theory, and surfaces self-storying as an embodied, theory-building process. I undertook phased interviews with three queer creative writers, holding space for their stories in order to witness, interact with and to learn from the ways in which queer authors discuss and approach relationships with one another through storying and composing. This desire to learn from other queer-identified community stakeholders led to the emergence of a story-theory, through which a narrative thread of failure, survival and agency emerged. I articulate a reorientation and reframing of guiding concepts of community, composition and embodiment within queer spaces as (intra)community, (de)composition, and the (anti)body. An important impetus for this project was a desire to address the future of Queer in the academy. I utilize tools and theories from queer theory and cultural rhetorics not only to build, but to show spaces in which these conceptual frames can inform future, positive shifts. I do so to provide my own insights and to offer tools to continue the work Queer in the academy and to bridge the space between academic Queer and non-academic queer. I utilize cultural rhetorics to continue the work of what I see as one of Queer’s primary purposes: to subvert, to disrupt and to re-imagine the ways in which the queer community and Queer can thrive and effect systemic change.
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Title: Level Structures on Finite Group Schemes and Applications
Creator: Guan, Chuangtian
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The notion of level structures originates from the study of the moduli of elliptic curves. In this thesis, we consider generalizing the notion of level structures and make explicit calculations on different moduli spaces. The first moduli space we consider is the moduli of finite flat (commutative) group schemes. We give a definition of $\Gamma(p)$-level structure (also called the ``full level structure") over group schemes of the form $G\times G$, where $G$ is a group scheme or rank $p$ over...
Show moreThe notion of level structures originates from the study of the moduli of elliptic curves. In this thesis, we consider generalizing the notion of level structures and make explicit calculations on different moduli spaces. The first moduli space we consider is the moduli of finite flat (commutative) group schemes. We give a definition of $\Gamma(p)$-level structure (also called the ``full level structure") over group schemes of the form $G\times G$, where $G$ is a group scheme or rank $p$ over a $\Z_p$-scheme. The full level structure over $G\times G$ is flat over the base of rank $|\GL_2(\F_p)|$. We also observe that there is no natural notion of full level structures over the stack of all finite flat commutative group schemes. The second moduli space we consider is the moduli of principally polarized abelian surfaces in characteristic $p>0$ with symplectic level-$n$ structure ($n\ge 3$), which is known as the Siegel threefold. By decomposing the Siegel threefold using the Ekedahl--Oort stratification, we analyze the $p$-torsion group scheme of the universal abelian surface over each stratum. To do this, we establish a machinery to produce group schemes from their Dieudonn\'e modules using a version of Dieudonn\'e theory due to de Jong. By using this machinery, we give explicit local equations of the Hopf algebras over the superspecial locus, the supersingular locus and ordinary locus. Using these local equations, we calculate explicit equations of the $\Gamma_1(p)$-covers over these strata using Kottwitz--Wake primitive elements. These equations can be used to prove geometric and arithmetic properties of the $\Gamma_1(p)$-cover over the Siegel threefold. In particular, we prove that the $\Gamma_1(p)$-cover over the Siegel threefold is not normal.
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Title: Essays in Labor Economics
Creator: VanderBerg, Bryce Scott
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This dissertation consists of two empirical studies and one applied theoretical study in labor economics. In the first chapter, I study the extend to which an observed layoff is used by employers to infer a worker's unobserved ability early in their labor market career. In the second chapter, I develop a theoretical model of wage dynamics that extends the employer learning and statistical discrimination model of Altonji and Pierret (2001) to allow for discrete changes in observable...
Show moreThis dissertation consists of two empirical studies and one applied theoretical study in labor economics. In the first chapter, I study the extend to which an observed layoff is used by employers to infer a worker's unobserved ability early in their labor market career. In the second chapter, I develop a theoretical model of wage dynamics that extends the employer learning and statistical discrimination model of Altonji and Pierret (2001) to allow for discrete changes in observable characteristics. In the third chapter, which is joint work with Gabrielle Pepin at the W.E. Upjohn Institute, we study the contribution of occupational sorting and mismatch to child penalties in the United States. I: The Signaling Role of Early Career Job LossI examine the extent to which ability signaling explains long-term wage losses suffered by young workers who experience layoffs. Young workers are of particular interest because employers have limited information about their ability, so signaling theoretically plays a larger role in determining wages. In addition, young workers are unlikely to experience wage losses due to loss of industry-specific human capital or separation from high-quality job matches, which may explain long-term wage decreases among older workers. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, I show that young workers of all ability levels initially experience similar wage losses following layoffs, but high-relative ability workers fully recover within five years while low-relative ability workers experience persistent wage losses. Consistent with traditional learning models, relative, not actual, ability affects wage trajectories. I illustrate a conceptual model of layoff signaling that varies by pre-layoff experience and can explain divergent wage trajectories across high- and low-relative ability workers. I test the model empirically and find that low-relative ability workers' inability to overcome negative layoff signals explains a substantial proportion of long-term wage losses among young workers. Employer learning effects vary by race and gender.II: Employer Learning and Statistical Discrimination with Unexpected InformationThe Employer Learning and Statistical Discrimination (EL-SD) model of Altonji and Pierret (2001) assumes that employers learn about a worker's unobserved ability in a smooth, continuous manner, holding observable characteristics constant. In practice, observable characteristics, such as years of education, often change discretely over time for many workers. I extend the EL-SD model to allow for changes in observable characteristics to influence an employer's belief about a worker's ability. I show that changes in observable characteristics that are correlated with ability lead to discrete changes in employers' beliefs about the worker's ability, interrupting the smooth, continuous employer learning processes described in the EL-SD model. I further show that this discrete change in employer learning is larger for workers early in their labor market career, with the effect diminishing as labor market experience increases. I then use data from the NLSY97 to empirically test these predictions in the context of the signaling role of returning to school. I find suggestive evidence that returning to school to receive a GED or graduate degree sends a positive ability signal to the labor market, while returning to school to receive an associate or bachelor's degree does not.III: Occupational Sorting, Multidimensional Skill Mismatch, and the Child Penalty among Working MothersWe study the extent to which occupational sorting explains child penalties---gender gaps in labor market outcomes due to children---among working parents. Using an event-study approach and data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) 1979 and 1997, we estimate that children generate long-run earnings gaps of over \$200 per week among working parents. In the NLSY79, we find that children lead mothers to sort into lower-paying occupations in which employees tend to work fewer hours. We estimate that children increase multidimensional occupation-skill mismatch among working mothers by 0.3 standard deviations, relative both to their own levels of mismatch from before birth and to those of fathers. In the NLSY97, results suggest that improvements in labor market outcomes among fathers in response to children, rather than a worsening of labor market outcomes among mothers, seem to drive child penalties.
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Title: The Aging Mind and Body in Eighteenth-Century British Literature and Culture, 1680-1830
Creator: Oh, June Young
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Aging Mind and Body offers a literary history of the concept of aging between 1680 and 1830. I trace the interplay between the century’s literature and developing medical theories of the human body, revealing the long eighteenth century to be a crucial cultural moment that transformed what aging meant both for writers and for the broader public. While in the early modern period authors predominantly associated aging with wisdom and spiritual growth, Enlightenment science reconceived aging as...
Show moreAging Mind and Body offers a literary history of the concept of aging between 1680 and 1830. I trace the interplay between the century’s literature and developing medical theories of the human body, revealing the long eighteenth century to be a crucial cultural moment that transformed what aging meant both for writers and for the broader public. While in the early modern period authors predominantly associated aging with wisdom and spiritual growth, Enlightenment science reconceived aging as radically debilitating for both the body and the mind. I argue that this shift spurred significant literary innovations as writers exploited, negotiated, and subverted scientific assumptions about growing old. Excavating the history behind the emergence of derogatory terms for aging such as “senility” and “senescence,” I show that the literary portrayal of aging was effectively turned into a contested site for reimagining normative human life and progress. Each of my chapters examines a different supposed problem of aging—rising immobility, mental disability, changing physical appearance, and declining sexuality—as it emerges in the major works of Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Mary Leapor, John Cleland, and Jane Austen. In particular, I undertake a critical re-reading of aging as it intersects with racism, sexism, ableism, and classism. Reading these works in terms of aging, I argue, complicates our traditional story of the long eighteenth century’s attention to progress, revealing not simply an ongoing struggle to marginalize the aging mind and body but also an important literary attempt that refigured “decline” as a constitutive and meaningful part of the whole life experience.
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Title: Trade, Finance & the Macroeconomy
Creator: Rowe, Nicholas
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This paper investigates the effects of financial development on firm export when lenders specialize in lending against different borrower activities. Using Italian microdata on manufacturing firms, we document that financial development driven by locally-focused banks can boost export participation but can depress the export sales of incumbent exporters. We explain these patterns through an industry equilibrium model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and banks. Locally-focused...
Show moreThis paper investigates the effects of financial development on firm export when lenders specialize in lending against different borrower activities. Using Italian microdata on manufacturing firms, we document that financial development driven by locally-focused banks can boost export participation but can depress the export sales of incumbent exporters. We explain these patterns through an industry equilibrium model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and banks. Locally-focused financial development eases the entry of credit-rationed firms into export by increasing the pledgeability of their domestic inventory assets; however, it also induces credit-satiated exporters to partly redirect their production capacity to domestic markets. Model calibration reveals that when financial development is too local, increased domestic output and export participation can come at the cost of reduced aggregate exports.
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Title: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL MODE, TURBULENT JET IGNITION (DM-TJI) ENGINE OPERATING WITH GASOLINE AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Creator: Ayele, Yidnekachew Messele
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Gasoline fuel is the most convenient energy source for light-duty vehicles in energy density and refueling time. However, the emission regulations for internal combustion engines force the industry to exploit innovative combustion technologies. The spark-ignition engine was forced to be cleaner and more efficient, changing from regular combustion engines to a more advanced internal combustion engine and electrification. The current scenario shows that automotive companies and researchers are...
Show moreGasoline fuel is the most convenient energy source for light-duty vehicles in energy density and refueling time. However, the emission regulations for internal combustion engines force the industry to exploit innovative combustion technologies. The spark-ignition engine was forced to be cleaner and more efficient, changing from regular combustion engines to a more advanced internal combustion engine and electrification. The current scenario shows that automotive companies and researchers are exploring hybrid powertrains with advanced internal combustion engine technologies with electrification or pure electric vehicles. The Dual Mode, Turbulent Jet Ignition (DM-TJI) system is one of the promising advanced combustion systems, powered by active air/fuel scavenging pre-chamber ignition systems. The distributed ignition sites created by the pre-chamber flames improve the combustion engine's efficiency, simultaneously mitigating combustion knock at a high engine compression ratio and enabling lean-burn or high level of external EGR dilution operation. This study analyzes the performance of a single-cylinder DM-TJI metal engine with gasoline and alternative fuels. The first part of the study presents the experimental investigations on three pre-chamber nozzle orifice diameters at various engine speeds and 10 bar engine load. The combustion parameters for each tested orifice diameter are presented for the incremental engine speeds. A numerical analysis was conducted using the GT-Power model simulation tool to support the experimental result. The DM-TJI engine's maximum gross indicated efficiency was examined and found to be 44.56%, with a higher EGR dilution rate of 45%. This orifice diameter study reported on the first published results of the desertion. Additional experimental data were collected for the selected orifice diameter at a wide range of engine operating test matrices. A predictive engine model was introduced with experimental data validation. The experimental data and predictive model generated the engine performance and fuel map for a real-world fuel economy study. Conventional and hybrid powertrain vehicles were developed with GT-Suite commercial software. Each powertrain model was calibrated in terms of components (battery, electric motors) capacity, internal combustion engine operative points, energy management strategy, and gear ratios with chassis dynamometer measured data of the vehicle drive cycle. A selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) driving schedule was implemented on the GT-Suite powertrain. The DM-TJI engine drive cycle fuel economy is compared to an industry-based conventional vehicle with the same powertrain except for the engine map. The results show the DM-TJI engine fuel economy improvement between 10.5%-17.29% and CO2 emissions reductions between 9.51%-14.75% for the selected driving schedule. Mild and parallel hybrid powertrain further improve the fuel economy by 9.23% and 29.88%, respectively, compared to the conventional powertrain of the DM-TJI engine. The CO2 emission was reduced by 23%. Finally, the single-cylinder DM-TJI metal engine performance under different alternative fuels was studied. An experimental test was carried out at stoichiometric conditions with different fuels, engine speed, engine load, and EGR dilution rates. Compared to gasoline fuel, E80 ethanol blend fuel produces 4.47% less CO2 and 25.75% less CO emission, and methane fuel produces 27.91% less CO2 and 57.85% less CO emission. E80 ethanol blend has the highest indicated efficiency of 45.61% with 45% EGR dilution. Methane fuel has a maximum indicated efficiency of 45.03% with 38.5% EGR dilution.
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Title: Sustainable Public Place Development with Community Participant Process : A Case Study of Belle Isle Park, MI
Creator: Guminik, Bridget
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: There are many positive influences from greenspaces which are even more crucial in large urban cities such as Detroit, Michigan. The abandoned area of the old Belle Isle Park Zoo has been the subject of numerous redevelopment proposals. However, there is a gap in what designers have done and what this research proposes, which is that previous designs lacked community engagement. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance and value in including community engagement into design...
Show moreThere are many positive influences from greenspaces which are even more crucial in large urban cities such as Detroit, Michigan. The abandoned area of the old Belle Isle Park Zoo has been the subject of numerous redevelopment proposals. However, there is a gap in what designers have done and what this research proposes, which is that previous designs lacked community engagement. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance and value in including community engagement into design choices. With a series of public workshops with stakeholders, landscape performance research has been adopted to assess the impact of the final design proposal. The success of a final design after community engagement aims to promote the use of community engagement in design as a beneficial and necessary factor when installing public space developments. The study will utilize the abandoned zoo space in Belle Isle Park to demonstrate that the community will benefit more from having input in what changes are made to their own community spaces while still allowing the designers room to implement environmental and socioeconomic beneficial tactics.
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Title: TEACHERS’ BELIEFS, PERCEPTIONS, EXPERIENCES, AND STRATEGIES IN TEACHING AND ENGAGING MULTILINGUAL LEARNERS IN MATHEMATICS CLASSROOMS
Creator: Kursav, Merve Nur
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The number of Multilingual Learners (MLs) enrolled in U.S. schools increased from 8.1% of the total student population to more than 10% between the 2000-2001 school year and the 2016-2017 school year (NCELA, 2016; U.S. Dept. of Education, NCES, 2020). Like all learners, MLs need support to ensure their engagement in mathematics classrooms (Kena et al., 2015; Silva & Kucer, 2016). While the number of MLs has been increasing, there has been limited research about how teachers support these...
Show moreThe number of Multilingual Learners (MLs) enrolled in U.S. schools increased from 8.1% of the total student population to more than 10% between the 2000-2001 school year and the 2016-2017 school year (NCELA, 2016; U.S. Dept. of Education, NCES, 2020). Like all learners, MLs need support to ensure their engagement in mathematics classrooms (Kena et al., 2015; Silva & Kucer, 2016). While the number of MLs has been increasing, there has been limited research about how teachers support these students’ engagement in content area classrooms (Hos, 2016). A notable paucity of studies focuses specifically on mathematics teachers’ experiences supporting MLs’ learning and engagement in mathematics classrooms (Warren et al., 2014). This study investigated mathematics teachers' beliefs, perceptions, experiences, and strategies in teaching and engaging MLs in 6th -12th grade mathematics classrooms. The dissertation study contributes to the field of mathematics education by providing practical and theoretical implications.This dissertation is built on an extensive review of the relevant literature about 6th-12th-grade mathematics teachers’ beliefs, perceptions, and experiences in teaching and engaging MLs in the mathematics classroom. I used a combination of Teacher Cognition (TC) and Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) as the theoretical framework. Mixed methods were used, and data were collected in two phases: (1) quantitative data (i.e., adapted survey using Karabenick and Noda’s (2004) survey and Rhodes’s (2017) CRT survey) and (2) qualitative data (i.e., teacher interviews). Results revealed that teachers frequently used appropriate materials, instructional resources, standards, objectives, scaffolding strategies (e.g., grouping, pacing, wait time, transparency in teaching, comprehensible input), and assessment tools to support MLs’ learning and engagement in the mathematics classroom. Data sources clearly illustrated that teachers strongly agreed they were comfortable with having MLs in their classroom and were willing to support MLs in learning mathematics by boosting their engagement. The results also showed that teachers needed to (1) learn and design strategies for academic support of MLs, (2) learn about the systematic school and district resources available to support for MLs’ identification and placement; (3) learn about district and school-level supports available at the administrator level; (4) make data-driven decisions about curriculum and instruction for MLs; (5) have more willingness to work with MLs; (6) have professional development and support for culturally responsive teaching and MLs' learning and engagement; (7) notice their beliefs about language acquisition (bilingualism and translanguaging); (8) establish inclusion; (9) encourage autonomy and cultural awareness of students and collaborative decision making with all; (10) establish trust and relationships; and (11) provide transparent feedback and assessment. It is believed that the results of the study will help teachers of MLs to comprehend the prominence of culturally responsive teaching. Additionally, implications include advising policymakers to acknowledge that covering the curriculum in a timely manner for MLs is not enough for sustained success.
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Title: Examining Perceptions of Motivation, Athlete Burnout, and Injury-Related Fear in Patients Following ACL Reconstruction
Creator: Murray, Megan
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Approximately 1 out of 3 patients fail to return to previous levels of sport participation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with injury-related fear identified as a potential barrier for return to sport. However, we do not know how injury-related fear is associated with other meaningful psychological responses to injury, or how patient perceptions of these psychological responses relate to their rehabilitation experiences. The purpose of this cross-sectional,...
Show moreApproximately 1 out of 3 patients fail to return to previous levels of sport participation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with injury-related fear identified as a potential barrier for return to sport. However, we do not know how injury-related fear is associated with other meaningful psychological responses to injury, or how patient perceptions of these psychological responses relate to their rehabilitation experiences. The purpose of this cross-sectional, explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was to explore how perceptions of self-determined motivation, athlete burnout, and injury-related fear affected psychological experiences during ACLR rehabilitation in patients between 4- and 6-months post-ACLR. 13 participants were recruited and completed questionnaires measuring self-determined motivation, athlete burnout, perceived stress, and injury-related fear. A sub-sample of 5 participants participated in a semi-structured interview to further underline patient experiences during ACLR rehabilitation. A strong, positive relationship was observed between perceived stress and injury-related fear (rho = 0.70, p = 0.008). Thematic analysis revealed five themes related to the rehabilitation experience: 1) struggling with the recovery process, 2) acknowledging negative emotional states, 3) drive to return to sport and normal life, 4) understanding and finding purpose in rehabilitation, and 5) successfully navigating the recovery process. These preliminary data suggest that negative emotional states, such as injury-related fear and athlete burnout, may be related to self-determined motivation and perceived stress after ACLR.
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Title: Neutron-unbound states in the nucleus 31Ne
Creator: Chrisman, Dayah Nichole
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Studies of nuclei far from stability reveal trends among groups of neighboring nuclei where new and unexpected properties appear. One such region, the Island of Inversion near the N=20 shell gap, is home to nuclei with reordered single-particle energy levels compared to the spherical shell model. Studies of the 31Ne nucleus have revealed that its ground state has a halo component, characterized by a valence neutron orbiting a deformed 30Ne core. This lightly-bound nucleus with a separation...
Show moreStudies of nuclei far from stability reveal trends among groups of neighboring nuclei where new and unexpected properties appear. One such region, the Island of Inversion near the N=20 shell gap, is home to nuclei with reordered single-particle energy levels compared to the spherical shell model. Studies of the 31Ne nucleus have revealed that its ground state has a halo component, characterized by a valence neutron orbiting a deformed 30Ne core. This lightly-bound nucleus with a separation energy of Sn=0.15(+0.16, -0.10)$~MeV is expected to have excited states that are neutron-unbound. This work presents a first study of the neutron-unbound excited states of 31Ne. Neutron-unbound states in 31Ne were populated in a two-proton knockout reaction from an 89 MeV/u 33Mg beam incident on a segmented Be reaction target. The 30Ne fragment and associated neutron from the decay of 31Ne* were detected by the MoNA-LISA-Sweeper experimental setup at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Invariant mass spectroscopy was used to reconstruct the two-body decay energy (30Ne+n).The two-body decay energy spectrum exhibits two features: a low-lying peak at 0.30 (+/- 0.17) MeV and a broad enhancement at 1.50 (+/- 0.33) MeV, each fit with an energy-dependent asymmetric Breit-Wigner line shape representing a resonance in the continuum. Accompanying shell model calculations combined with cross-section calculations using the eikonal reaction theory indicate that these features in the decay energy spectrum originate from multiple resonant states in 31Ne.
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Title: Environmental Microbial Surveillance : From Source Tracking in Watersheds to Pathogen Monitoring in Sewersheds
Creator: Flood, Matthew Thomas
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Understanding of the connections between water and health, through the use of water quality monitoring, surveys and surveillance, can help to address the impacts of anthropomorphic changes on the environment. This study sought to understand these connections through the water quality monitoring within watershed basins as well as pathogen surveillance within sewersheds. Specifically, this dissertation sought to 1) understand the sources of pollution and their connections with land use in the...
Show moreUnderstanding of the connections between water and health, through the use of water quality monitoring, surveys and surveillance, can help to address the impacts of anthropomorphic changes on the environment. This study sought to understand these connections through the water quality monitoring within watershed basins as well as pathogen surveillance within sewersheds. Specifically, this dissertation sought to 1) understand the sources of pollution and their connections with land use in the various subsections of watersheds; 2) to find a cost-effective way to surveil the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using wastewater surveillance; and 3) to understand the differences in wastewater surveillance between communities. Water quality monitoring using microbial source tracking (MST) was performed with a survey of five mixed-use watersheds in Michigan. Through the use of spatial clustering, it was found that temporal contamination was primarily driven by precipitation and its associated variables (e.g., streamflow, turbidity, overland flow), while spatial contamination is driven by land uses (e.g., septic tank density, tile drain proportions, and tillage). Additionally, porcine fecal contamination was more often correlated with nutrients in streams than either bovine or human contamination. The development of a cost-effective workflow for the detection and quantification of SARS-COV-2 in wastewater was undertaken. Wastewater from communities around Michigan were collected and analyzed along with viral surrogates for SARS-CoV-2 to investigate different workflow options. The Pseudomonas phage Phi6 was seeded in different wastewater matrices to test concentration and recovery by ultrafiltration-based method and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The PEG method provided better virus recovery than the ultrafiltration-based methods as measured using RT-ddPCR. The comparison of two communities (A and B) wastewater results for SARS-CoV-2 analyzed against case data was undertaken. These results were significantly correlated with cases in both communites, but the level of correlation differed based on spatial (e.g., zipcode vs county level cases) and temporal (e.g., date of symptom(s) onset vs. the referral date for cases) resolution. Wastewater surveillance was more representative of higher spatial resolution (zipcode data) of cases in both communities. When examining the temporal resolution of the communities, community B’s wastewater results were more closely tied to the onset of symptoms and not the case referral date. The ability to monitor indicators of pollution in watersheds and surveil etiological agents of disease in sewersheds provide non-intrusive methods for evaluating the potential risks and current burdens to community health. The first part of the work could be considered “downstream” monitoring identifying sources and potential exposures with the goal of reducing waterborne disease. While “upstream” monitoring was used for identifying the disease trends in the community and was focused on public health measures to prevent transmission. This project contributed novel methods, results and analysis providing valuable knowledge ultimately addressing the role of monitoring strategies to protect public health.
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Title: Application of density functional theory in nuclear structure
Creator: Li, Tong
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The nuclear density functional theory (DFT) is a microscopic self-consistent framework suitable for describing heavy nuclei and performing large-scale studies. In this dissertation I discuss my research works on the development and application of the Skyrme nuclear-DFT framework, covering a broad range of topics, including the nucleon localization in rotating systems, the origin of reflection-asymmetric deformations, the parameter calibration for beta decays, and the development of a new...
Show moreThe nuclear density functional theory (DFT) is a microscopic self-consistent framework suitable for describing heavy nuclei and performing large-scale studies. In this dissertation I discuss my research works on the development and application of the Skyrme nuclear-DFT framework, covering a broad range of topics, including the nucleon localization in rotating systems, the origin of reflection-asymmetric deformations, the parameter calibration for beta decays, and the development of a new coordinate-space DFT solver.The nucleon localization function (NLF), discussed in the first part, is a useful tool for the visualization of structure information. It has been utilized to characterize clustering and shell structure. How the NLF pattern evolves in rotating systems, how it visualizes internal nuclear structure, and how it is connected with single-particle (s.p.) orbits are discussed in this dissertation. The second part deals with nuclei having reflection-asymmetric shapes, which are important candidates for the search of permanent electric dipole moments. In this dissertation, the origin of pear-like deformation is investigated through both the multipole expansion of the energy density functional and the spectrum of canonical s.p. states. Theoretical predictions of beta-decay rates are discussed next; they are important for r-process simulations that involves nuclei whose experimental beta-decay data are unknown. To provide reliable predictions with quantified uncertainties, the χ^2 optimization is performed to constrain parameters that significantly affect beta-decay transitions in proton-neutron finite-amplitude-method calculations. Besides a well calibrated functional, a reliable and efficient DFT solver is also crucial. The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method in the coordinate space is preferred for deformed and weakly bound nuclei, as solvers based on basis expansions often have difficulty correctly describing continuum effects. A new HFB solver based on the canonical-basis HFB formalism in the three-dimensional coordinate space is developed in this dissertation. It is a well parallelized solver and has been carefully benchmarked against other established HFB solvers.
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Title: STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THEIR CAMPUS LGBTQ+ CENTER
Creator: Noble, Chelsea E.
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and similar identities (LGBTQ+) resource centers on college campuses provide services, resources, programming, and advocacy focused on gender and sexuality, especially minoritized genders and sexualities. As center staff enact this work at the individual and organizational levels, LGBTQ+ centers seek to promote students’ thriving, especially among students with minoritized genders and sexualities. Although students are the animating reason for LGBTQ...
Show moreLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and similar identities (LGBTQ+) resource centers on college campuses provide services, resources, programming, and advocacy focused on gender and sexuality, especially minoritized genders and sexualities. As center staff enact this work at the individual and organizational levels, LGBTQ+ centers seek to promote students’ thriving, especially among students with minoritized genders and sexualities. Although students are the animating reason for LGBTQ+ centers’ existence, relatively little is known about how students experience and conceptualize campus LGBTQ+ resource centers. The purpose of this study was to understand LGBTQ+ resource centers from students’ perspectives. Guided by a critical adaptation of an ecological model of development (Bronfenbrenner, 1993; Renn & Arnold, 2003), I undertook a qualitative study drawing on interviews with 15 students who felt in some way connected to their campus LGBTQ+ center. I also included data from observations and publicly available center documents. The participants were all current students at a Midwestern university where the LGBTQ+ center had at least one full-time staff member and a clear commitment to social justice. The campus LGBTQ+ center often served as an important force in students’ ecosystems. Students’ ecosystems reflected common elements of university education (e.g., classes, student organizations, and friends), LGBTQ+ campus spaces, families and communities of origin, as well as broader forces including U.S. politics, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a number of oppressive systems. In the midst of highly variable, often unsupportive, and sometimes hostile contexts, students found support and guidance through their LGBTQ+ center. Students experienced their center in five major ways: physical space, source of relationships, organizational navigation and tools, virtual presence, and symbol of institutional commitment. Students emphasized and interacted with each of these aspects in accordance with their needs as they navigated their academic pursuits and daily lives in the face of racism, cissexism, heterosexism, and a host of other oppressive forces. Ultimately, students’ experiences with their campus LGBTQ+ center were frequently a means of survival and a boost towards students thriving on campus and in their lives.
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Title: ALFALFA, CUCUMBER, DRY BEAN, AND SUGARBEET RESPONSE TO BICYCLOPRYONE AND MESOTRIONE
Creator: Wilkinson, Daniel Douglas
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Bicyclopyrone and mesotrione are a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide (Group 27) registered for use in corn. Mesotrione is sold alone or in premixture with other herbicides; bicyclopyrone is sold only in premixtures. There is limited data available on the response of other crops planted into fields where these herbicides were applied. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate alfalfa, cucumber, black and kidney bean, and sugarbeet response to bicyclopyrone and mesotrione. In the...
Show moreBicyclopyrone and mesotrione are a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide (Group 27) registered for use in corn. Mesotrione is sold alone or in premixture with other herbicides; bicyclopyrone is sold only in premixtures. There is limited data available on the response of other crops planted into fields where these herbicides were applied. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate alfalfa, cucumber, black and kidney bean, and sugarbeet response to bicyclopyrone and mesotrione. In the greenhouse, cucumber, black bean, kidney bean, and sugarbeet were more sensitive to mesotrione compared with bicyclopyrone. Sugarbeet was the most sensitive to both bicyclopyrone and mesotrione followed by alfalfa. Cucumbers were the most tolerant to bicyclopyrone and mesotrione followed by kidney bean and black bean. In field research, bicyclopyrone at 50 and 100 g ha-1 (1 and 2X rate), and mesotrione at 210 g ha-1 were applied in early June to V4 corn at two locations in 2015 and 2016. The following spring, alfalfa and sugarbeet were planted in mid-April and cucumber and dry edible bean in early-June and crop response was measured. In 2016, injury in all crops was less than 20%, regardless of herbicide treatment at either location. In 2017 at East Lansing, sugarbeet was severely injured and did not survive where mesotrione was applied the previous year. Sugarbeet and kidney bean injury was 15 and 5%, respectively from the 2X rate of bicyclopyrone. Neither mesotrione or bicyclopyrone affected crop growth or yield at Richville in 2017. Soil pH was 6.0 and soil organic matter was 4.2 to 4.5% at East Lansing and soil pH was 7.8 and soil organic matter 2.6% at Richville. While there were differences in soils at the two locations, rainfall within the first 30 days following application contributed to differences in herbicide carryover. At East Lansing, rainfall was 20.5 and 2.8 cm within the first 30 days following application in 2015 and 2016, respectively, contributing to more herbicide carryover in the 2017 growing season than in the 2016 growing season. Rainfall at Richville had a 60% reduction in precipitation within the first 30 days however, no herbicide carryover was experienced. From this research it appears that alfalfa, dry bean or cucumber can be planted the year following mesotrione or bicyclopyrone application. However, sugarbeet should not be planted the year following applications of mesotrione or bicyclopyrone.
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