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Title: Spiro Agnew speaks with David Frost
Creator: Agnew, Spiro T., 1918-1996
Date: 1970-05-13
Collection: G. Robert Vincent Voice Library Collection
Description: Spiro Agnew, Vice President under Richard Nixon, holds an in-depth interveiw with David Frost about his own combat experiences, his education, and that of his children.

Title: Splendid splinters : memory and myth in contemporary baseball fiction
Creator: York, Christopher
Date: 2002
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Split Rock with barn in background, Lansing
Date: 1xxx
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Photograph of split rock, landmark on East Michigan Avenue, Lansing, Michigan. Marked border of Lansing, located where East Michigan Avenue divided into a boulevard heading toward East Lansing.

Title: Split Rock with old fence in background, Lansing
Date: 1xxx
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Photograph of split rock, landmark on East Michigan Avenue, Lansing, Michigan. Marked border of Lansing, located where East Michigan Avenue divided into a boulevard heading toward East Lansing, Michigan.

Title: Split Rock, Lansing
Date: 1xxx
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Photograph of split rock, landmark on East Michigan Avenue, Lansing, Michigan. Marked border of Lansing, located where East Michigan Avenue divided into a boulevard heading toward East Lansing, Michigan.

Title: Splitting as a characteristic of perfectionism
Creator: Derr, David Brian
Date: 2002
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Spoehr, Evelyn Josephine
Date: 2003-03-14
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Obituary of Evelyn Josephine Spoehr born July 1, 1912 in Mt. Pleasant, Michigan. Resided in Flat Rock, Michigan.

Title: Sponsor Visibility, Customization, and User Control in the Era of Interactive Technology : Effects on Causal Attribution of Sponsor’s Motives, Sponsor Attitudes, and Credibility in the Context of Sponsored Mobile Health-Related Apps
Creator: Joo, Eunsin
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: With the astonishing speed of smartphone and application [app] development, mobile app sponsorship is gaining popularity as a tactic of strategic brand communication and cause-related marketing, especially in the area of health. Smartphone apps provide a high degree of interactivity, which gives users a great deal of control over technology in addition to receiving personalized feedback based on their input. Despite a significant increase of mobile marketing and sponsorship spending, concerns...
Show moreWith the astonishing speed of smartphone and application [app] development, mobile app sponsorship is gaining popularity as a tactic of strategic brand communication and cause-related marketing, especially in the area of health. Smartphone apps provide a high degree of interactivity, which gives users a great deal of control over technology in addition to receiving personalized feedback based on their input. Despite a significant increase of mobile marketing and sponsorship spending, concerns about information privacy are growing in mobile apps. Mobile app sponsorship fosters communities of customers centered on their brand and helps them manage different health issues. It also curates personal customer data and tailors advertising messages and marketing initiatives to reach targeted audiences. However, there is a lack of research explaining how corporate app sponsors are evaluated and what attributions users generate in interactive mobile environments when evaluating the sponsor and the app. Therefore, drawing on the assumptions of attribution theory, this research project examined the effects of three factors in the context of mobile health (mHealth) apps mediated by sponsor motive attributions: visibility (or obtrusiveness) of a sponsor, app personalization pertaining to users’ data sharing within a mHealth app interface, and users’ control over the information sharing option. The present study employed a mixed factorial online experiment, which manipulated the type of sponsor obtrusiveness (high vs. less vs. no visibility), the scope of customization based on personal information sharing (more vs. less), user control over the information sharing (high vs. low), and message repetition (three times). A total of 252 college students participated in the online experiment via a student research pool and 467 responses were collected from the general population panel sample via the Qualtrics online survey platform to replicate the findings of the online experiment study with the student sample. The results indicated that sponsor visibility in the app interface significantly influenced attitudes towards the sponsor, mHealth app credibility, and intentions to download and use for the mHealth app in both student and general population samples. These effects were mediated by participants’ attributions about sponsors’ altruistic and self-serving motives. The degrees of personal information sharing and user control were not found to produce negative responses from users. However, higher user control was associated with more positive sponsor attitudes, higher app credibility, and higher download and usage intentions when sponsorship messages were highly visible in the general population panel sample. Also, indirect effects of personal information sharing moderated by user control on sponsor attitudes and app evaluations mediated by altruistic motive attributions were significant in the condition of high app sponsorship visibility. The findings from this study broaden the scope of attribution theory from the perspective of sponsorship in new media, such as mobile health apps. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of cognitive responses using mobile health app sponsorship, especially the important roles of consumer attributions of sponsor motive on attitudes towards the sponsor, mHealth app credibility, and download and usage intentions for the mHealth app.
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Title: Sponsoring teen boys directly, sponsoring teen boys' literacy practices indirectly
Creator: Van Duinen, Deborah Monique Vriend
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The national attention to boys' underachievement in literacy over the past two decades has resulted in many research studies focusing on the literacy practices that teen boys chose to do in their own time and for their own purposes. Often these out-of-school literacy practices are contrasted with school literacy. This qualitative in-depth interview study with 21 adolescent boys reframes understandings of teen boys' literacy practices in its analysis of the various literacy sponsors in teen...
Show moreThe national attention to boys' underachievement in literacy over the past two decades has resulted in many research studies focusing on the literacy practices that teen boys chose to do in their own time and for their own purposes. Often these out-of-school literacy practices are contrasted with school literacy. This qualitative in-depth interview study with 21 adolescent boys reframes understandings of teen boys' literacy practices in its analysis of the various literacy sponsors in teen boys' lives, sponsors that include more than just school and teachers. Drawing on New Literacy Studies and youth culture studies, I adapt Deborah Brandt's concept of literacy sponsorship and apply it to teen boys' experiences with literacy. I explore the people, institutions, and commercial forces that encourage, teach and support as well as discourage and withhold teen boys' literacy practices. Using methodology that indirectly gets at teen boys' literacy practices through the use of interview artifacts, my study asks the following questions: What are the texts, contexts, participants, functions and motivations involved in adolescent boys' literacy practices? When literacy is sponsored, what else is being sponsored? How do boys respond to this sponsorship? What motivates the boys to participate in the literacy practices they do? Specifically focusing on teen boys' family, sports, and church sponsorship situations, I propose that these literacy sponsors are directly sponsoring ways of being teen boys, and in the process indirectly sponsor ways of being literate boys. I offer the term "gendered literacy sponsorship" to describe how these sponsorship situations have consequences on how teen boys view themselves and what they are capable of doing and being.
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Title: Spore photoproduct lyase : investigations of a radical DNA repair enzyme
Creator: Buis, Jeffrey Michael
Date: 2006
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Sport Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Habits in College Athletes
Creator: Werner, Emily Nicole
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Adequate nutrition is vital for the health, wellness, and performance of college athletes1,2. Previous literature suggests that college athletes have poor dietary practices3-8. A possible explanation for this is lack of nutrition knowledge. Previous knowledge surveys used have limitations that make them inappropriate for use in this population. In order to assess the nutrition knowledge of college athletes reliably, a new tool must be developed that has characteristics that promote the...
Show moreAdequate nutrition is vital for the health, wellness, and performance of college athletes1,2. Previous literature suggests that college athletes have poor dietary practices3-8. A possible explanation for this is lack of nutrition knowledge. Previous knowledge surveys used have limitations that make them inappropriate for use in this population. In order to assess the nutrition knowledge of college athletes reliably, a new tool must be developed that has characteristics that promote the athletes to respond in completion, and practitioners must believe in its usefulness and practicality. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between sport nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of college athletes through the development and validation of a sport nutrition knowledge assessment tool made specifically for this population. Three studies were conducted. The first was a nutrition knowledge assessment in college athletes (n=125) using a tool previously validated in the general population9. The average score was 58%, with females (average 67%) and athletes of non-revenue sports (i.e., sports other than football, basketball, or ice hockey; average 70%) scoring significantly better than males (average 46%) or athletes of revenue sports (average 46%), respectively. In general, the athletes had poor nutrition knowledge.The second study was the development and validation of the 25-question Sport Nutrition Assessment of Knowledge (SNAK) screener. First, the SNAK was developed using position stands and reviews on nutrition for sport in conjunction with feedback from experts. Next, a sample of college athletes and dietetic students (n=116 total) completed the SNAK. Results showed high knowledge scores (average 88%), which suggests that either the pilot version may have been too easy, or the athletes truly have high knowledge. A revised, 22-question SNAK was then developed based on statistical and qualitative feedback. The third study was a deeper investigation into the dietary habits of college athletes (n=94). This was done using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool10 and analyzed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)11. Results showed an average score of 59 out of 100 possible for diet quality, which is equivalent to a grade of F based on the recommended grading scheme12. In general, the athletes displayed poor diet quality. Overall, this dissertation indicates that having high nutrition knowledge does not lead to high diet quality in college athletes. Future research should be done to investigate the barriers between knowledge and behavior, as well as the best intervention strategies to improve diet quality in this specific population.
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Title: Sport event attendees' pro-environmental behavior in daily life versus in a tourism context
Creator: Han, Ju Hyoung
Date: 2014
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "Collegiate football games in the U.S. are a growing sector of sport event tourism. While these sport events clearly generate positive social and economic benefits, the Environmental Protection Agency estimated that an average college football game produces 50-100 tons of waste and releases 188-376 metric tons of CO 2 . To minimize such negative environmental impacts, universities have implemented campaigns to motivate football fans to engage in pro-environmental behavior. However, it is...
Show more"Collegiate football games in the U.S. are a growing sector of sport event tourism. While these sport events clearly generate positive social and economic benefits, the Environmental Protection Agency estimated that an average college football game produces 50-100 tons of waste and releases 188-376 metric tons of CO 2 . To minimize such negative environmental impacts, universities have implemented campaigns to motivate football fans to engage in pro-environmental behavior. However, it is challenging to mobilize individuals' environmental concerns and transform them into action while they are watching games and participating in tailgating. The discrepancy of pro-environmental behavior in daily life versus in a sport tourism context is poorly understood, as most researchers have focused their studies in one or the other context. By employing goal-framing theory (Lindenberg & Steg, 2007) and the Social Norm Approach (Perkins & Berkowitz, 1986), this study examined whether and how event attendees' pro-environmental behavior in daily life differed from their behavior in the sport event setting... -- Abstract.
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Title: Sports media involvement via team identity & antecedent motivations for the prediction of total daily sports media consumption
Creator: Krier, Daniel Herman
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The present study investigates whether increases in sports team identity and sports media involvement correlate with increased amounts of daily sports media consumption. In addition, antecedents to involvement are incorporated into the research model to determine which discrete motivations show significant relationships with changes in involvement and time spent consuming.This project measured both team identity and sports media involvement on multidimensional levels to determine if...
Show moreThe present study investigates whether increases in sports team identity and sports media involvement correlate with increased amounts of daily sports media consumption. In addition, antecedents to involvement are incorporated into the research model to determine which discrete motivations show significant relationships with changes in involvement and time spent consuming.This project measured both team identity and sports media involvement on multidimensional levels to determine if influences by the constructs' first-order facets would provide a richer source of explaining variance. These multidimensional predictor variables (six 3-item scales for team identity and three 3-items scales for sports media involvement) were tested in the model, as were similar unidimensional scales of team identity (4-items) and sports media involvement (5-items). It was discovered that the more parsimonious unidimensional scales explained more variance in the model predicting time spent consuming sports media, thus exposing the multidimensional scales as superfluous for a model such as the one tested here.From the perspective of fandom and fan identification, this study examined the attitudes and behaviors of adults who regularly watch or follow sports media in order to determine the strongest drivers of time spent consuming. Forms of media consumption included watching or following sports on television, the radio and podcasts, social networks and the Internet, and newspapers and magazines. These separate types of consumption were summed to produce the outcome variable of total time spent consuming sports media per day. The results of this project showed significant correlations between team identity, three antecedent motivations (vicarious achievement, escape from problems, and social media interaction), sports media involvement, and sports media consumption, while revealing partial and complete mediation. Additionally, gender differences regarding the motivational drivers of sports media involvement and time spent consuming were revealed by the predictive structural model. These findings illustrate the different ways in which male and female sports media consumers engage with sports media, thus providing a deeper understanding of what components drive sports consumption in conjunction with increased levels of sports team identity. The present study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test a path model consisting of a team identity instrument based on Social Identity Theory, antecedent motivations of involvement, sports media involvement, and finally, the effects of the preceding constructs on total time spent consuming sports media per day.The findings of this study are potentially helpful from both a communication and sports management perspective, as this project reveals the psychological drivers of today's multimedia sports fans. Beyond the practical implications, this project builds on existing literature by combining related theories in a model that displays significant correlations and explains a large amount of variance of sports media involvement. The new 5-item unidimensional scale of sports media involvement discovered by this project can provide a useful tool for future research. It was found to be statistically reliable while illustrating convergent and discriminant validity, and most importantly was shown to be a significant behavioral predictor of sports media consumption.
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Title: Spray dried fish solubles, soy protein concentrate and limestone in milk replacers for young calves
Creator: Campos, Oriel Fajardo de
Date: 1982
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Spray-drying of natural cheese
Creator: Bradley, Robert L., 1933-
Date: 1964
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Spring Lake Fire Department
Date: 1875
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Black and white photo of Spring Lake, Michigan fire fighters and horse-drawn fire wagon.

Title: Spring Lake House
Date: 1910
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: The hotel consisted of 74 rooms, with another 30 rooms in adjoining cottages, providing room for 250 guests. Bowling and billiards were also offered. The grounds were made attractive by the addition of fountains, flowers, shade trees, and a well-trimmed lawn. The bathhouse, built over the spring, was nearby. -- Wallace K. Ewing, PhD. from A Chronological Directory of Industries, Businesses, and Other Organizations in Northwest Ottawa County, 1808-1975, Copyright 1999

Title: Spring Lake with unknown boaters
Date: 1905~
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: Photograph of unknown people in boat on Spring Lake. A place to skate in winter.

Title: Spring Street Christian Reformed Church Steeple
Date: 1880/1900
Collection: Making of Modern Michigan
Description: First Christian Reformed Church front view with steeple

Title: Spring lambs
Creator: Goss, W. H. (Warren Henry)
Date: 1896
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

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