Search results

Title: Whose knowledge matters? : shifting knowledge systems and gender roles in manoomin (wild rice) revitalization in the Great Lakes
Creator: Schaefer, Marie
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Manoomin is an essential component to the survival and identity of the Anishinaabeg people. Manoomin, or wild rice as it is called in English, is evidence of the fulfillment of the migration prophecies of the Anishinaabeg. However, Anishinaabeg capacities to subsist from manoomin have diminished greatly in the Great Lakes region due to multiple factors including dams and logging for the timber industry, forced removal to reservations, loss of knowledge due to boarding schools, the need for...
Show moreManoomin is an essential component to the survival and identity of the Anishinaabeg people. Manoomin, or wild rice as it is called in English, is evidence of the fulfillment of the migration prophecies of the Anishinaabeg. However, Anishinaabeg capacities to subsist from manoomin have diminished greatly in the Great Lakes region due to multiple factors including dams and logging for the timber industry, forced removal to reservations, loss of knowledge due to boarding schools, the need for wage labor, commodification of wild rice, and the breakdown of kinship and gender systems (Child 2012 and Noorgard 2014). Even with these circumstances and the challenges they pose many Anishinaabeg are engaged in the restoration of wild rice habitats and the revitalization of the cultural practices and knowledge systems that are part of ricing. However, while the literature presents wild rice revitalization as the restoration of a "traditional" system of ricing, it is often missed that today's ricing efforts are very different than what occurred historically. In fact, in certain areas, scholarly critics have pointed out that ricing is now a masculine activitywhere it was not previously (Child 2012 and Noorgard 2014), or that certain rice stories actually emanate from Anishinaabeg commercial ricing, and not the historical seasonal round (Noorgard 2014), or that most ricing programs are managed by the governments of federally-recognized Tribes whose structures differ drastically from the management regimes that would have governed ricing historically (Bureau of Indian Affairs 2014).Through three articles this dissertation shows: 1) the impacts of settler colonialism on manoomin in the Great Lakes including how manoomin became a commodity grown on a farm outside of the Great Lakes, 2) how the shifts in gender roles are impacting a group of Indigenous women today and how those women created a regenerative space called the Indigenous Women's Manoomin Collective that wrote Article 2 of the dissertation as a Collective. The members of the Collective are seven Indigenous women from across the Great Lakes in both the United States and Canada. 3) Through a systematic analysis of newspapers in the Great Lakes in Canada and the US that show the shifts that are occurring in systems of knowledge with Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems for people that are participating in manoomin restoration projects and the silencing of Indigenous women experts in those roles.
Show less

Title: Whose paradise? : the problem of reduced work and autonomy
Creator: Negrey, Cynthia, 1953-
Date: 1988
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Whose performance counts? : equity concerns in performance funding policies
Creator: Opoczynski, Renata
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: While accountability in higher education has been a topic of debate for decades, in recent years the discussions have shifted to emphasize efficiency and economic measures of success. A prominent example of this accountability movement is the increase in popularity of performance funding policies. These policies connect specific outcomes on state selected metrics to increased state funding (Goldstein, 2012). Performance funding policies purport to increase efficiency by rewarding reductions...
Show moreWhile accountability in higher education has been a topic of debate for decades, in recent years the discussions have shifted to emphasize efficiency and economic measures of success. A prominent example of this accountability movement is the increase in popularity of performance funding policies. These policies connect specific outcomes on state selected metrics to increased state funding (Goldstein, 2012). Performance funding policies purport to increase efficiency by rewarding reductions in cost and increases in specific economic outcomes. However, many of these policies neglect a similar emphasis on maintaining access, which may lead to undesirable consequences including reducing the enrollment of traditionally underserved students (students from low socioeconomic status (SES) families and historically underserved students of color) (Dougherty et al., 2014). Therefore, this study explored whether performance funding policies have an effect on underrepresented students' enrollment. Through a fixed effects panel analysis covering the years 2000 to 2014, this study explored any changes in enrollment of underserved minority students and Pell Grant receiving students in public four-year institutions. Findings from this study demonstrate that performance funding does have the potential to influence enrollment profiles at U.S. public four-year institutions. Specifically, this study found it changed the enrollment of underserved minority students. Further, these influences may not be equitable across all institutions, and instead may effect lower status institutions in a different manner than higher status institutions. Specifically, those with more flexibility in their enrollment profile may be more likely to change their enrollment of both Pell Grant students and underserved minority students. These findings have profound implications for higher education institutions, policy formation, and social equity.
Show less

Title: Whose preferences count? A study of the effects of community size and characteristics on the distribution of the benefits of schooling
Creator: McDowell, George Robert, 1938-
Date: 1975
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why certified teachers fail to enter the teaching profession
Creator: Harper, Edward Harold
Date: 1958
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why did it sound better in the practice room? : a guide to music performance anxiety and how to cope with it through journal writing
Creator: Miller, Tess Anissa
Date: 2004
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why do high court judges join? : joining behavior and Australia's seriatim tradition
Creator: Wood, Rebecca Danielle
Date: 2008
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why do highly engaging middle school teachers saturate their classrooms with motivating instruction?
Creator: Raphael, Lisa Marcy
Date: 2005
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why do people comply and cooperate with the police? : a cultural explanation
Creator: Lee, Sung Uook
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The current dissertation examines police legitimacy in the South Korean context. Prior research has tended to focus on the relational aspects of police-citizen relationships and is generally suggestive of an important role for a variety of relational constructs. Although important, this work has tended to pay less attention to person-level constructs within individuals. Furthermore, prior police legitimacy research lacks examination of cultural values as well and only focuses on police...
Show moreThe current dissertation examines police legitimacy in the South Korean context. Prior research has tended to focus on the relational aspects of police-citizen relationships and is generally suggestive of an important role for a variety of relational constructs. Although important, this work has tended to pay less attention to person-level constructs within individuals. Furthermore, prior police legitimacy research lacks examination of cultural values as well and only focuses on police-citizen encounters. Additionally, although recent studies regarding South Korean public perception of police legitimacy have been emerging, more extensive investigation is needed. The primary goal of the current study is to examine the impact of propensity to trust and Confucian values on perceived police legitimacy, operationalized here using the Integrated Framework of Legitimacy (Hamm et al, 2017). To this end, the current dissertation uses data collected from South Korean university students to contribute to the literature (1) an evaluation of the role of person-level constructs in predicting public perceptions of police legitimacy and (2) a first test of the IFL in the South Korean context.
Show less

Title: Why do some preservice teachers trust digital technology and others don't? : conceptualizing the intersection of trust, technology, and education
Creator: Francis, Andrea Ploucher
Date: 2010
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why do we still call it homophobia? : exploring the evidence for a state-trait model of sexual prejudice
Creator: Bluestein, Brooke M.
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Sexual prejudice occurs when one makes automatic or intentional negative evaluations of sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) individuals due to their actual or perceived sexual orientation. The current study sought to extend the extant literature on sexual prejudice by using an experimental design to concurrently examine factors associated with two of the most prominent models of sexual prejudice: the personality model of homophobia and the negative affective response model of homophobia....
Show moreSexual prejudice occurs when one makes automatic or intentional negative evaluations of sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) individuals due to their actual or perceived sexual orientation. The current study sought to extend the extant literature on sexual prejudice by using an experimental design to concurrently examine factors associated with two of the most prominent models of sexual prejudice: the personality model of homophobia and the negative affective response model of homophobia. Although the extant literature often portrays them as competing models, this study examined whether integrating elements from both models would create a more comprehensive, state-trait model of sexual prejudice that would better predict endorsement of anti-gay attitudes and negative reactions to lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) stimuli. Participants (n = 350) were invited to participate in a two-part online study that examined the relationships among two individual-level personality factors (i.e., right-wing authoritarianism [RWA] and social dominance orientation [SDO]), negative affect (i.e., fear, hostility, guilt, and cognitive and somatic symptoms of anxiety), and exposure to gay male video stimuli. This study utilized video clips drawn from mainstream news media stories about gay men; the videos were empirically selected during a pilot study that examined the reactions of participants (n = 147) who were high on either RWA or SDO to six potential videos about gay men. Results from the full study indicated that double high participants (i.e., individuals who were simultaneously high on RWA and SDO) and participants who were high on RWA alone endorsed greater levels of sexual prejudice than participants low on both RWA and SDO; participants who were high on SDO alone did not endorse more sexually prejudiced attitudes. However, neither sexual prejudice nor emotion regulation significantly moderated the relationship between exposure to gay male material and negative affective response. Finally, although the results indicated that the relationship between personality and sexual prejudice was significant in the integrated state-trait model, the simplified model (i.e., the model that did not include the categorical personality variable as a predictor) was an overall better fit for the data. Nonetheless, because sexual prejudice can have negative implications for both sexual minority individuals and those who hold these prejudiced attitudes, it is imperative that research continues to explore which factors contribute to stigma, prejudiced attitudes, and discrimination against sexual minority individuals.
Show less

Title: Why does misinformation persist? : cognitive explanations of the implicit message effect
Creator: Reynolds, Reed Miller
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Recent controversies have emerged regarding false information in contemporary discourse. Research suggests that misinformation communicated implicitly is harder to correct than explicitly stated misinformation (the implicitness effect), but the mechanism has remained speculative. Prior research has proposed the failure to monitor (FTM) hypothesis, including the prediction that inadequate information retrieval may explain the implicitness effect. This study experimentally varied misinformation...
Show moreRecent controversies have emerged regarding false information in contemporary discourse. Research suggests that misinformation communicated implicitly is harder to correct than explicitly stated misinformation (the implicitness effect), but the mechanism has remained speculative. Prior research has proposed the failure to monitor (FTM) hypothesis, including the prediction that inadequate information retrieval may explain the implicitness effect. This study experimentally varied misinformation implicitness and correction strength, measuring outcomes including misinformation persistence (MP), attribution accessibility, and mental representations generated by participants. Results indicate the accessibility of misinformation-consistent attributions is associated with increased MP, but accessibility does not mediate the implicitness effect. In contrast, misintegration, a cognitive process that makes the misinformation consistent with corrections, moderates the implicitness effect. Analyses reveal several distinct mechanisms that predict misinformation persistence, including message characteristics, receiver ability to retrieve critical information, and the quality of receiver-generated inferences. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Show less

Title: Why not academia?---The streamlined career choice process of Black African women engineers : a grounded theory study
Creator: Mlambo, Yeukai Angela
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Black African women are grossly underrepresented as academic staff in engineering programs at South African universities. The problem is exacerbated at historically White institutions (HWI) where Black women are simply absent as engineering research and teaching staff. The absence of Black African women in the academy occurs despite Black African women enrolling and graduating with engineering postgraduate degrees making them eligible for academic jobs. Furthermore, despite Black African...
Show moreBlack African women are grossly underrepresented as academic staff in engineering programs at South African universities. The problem is exacerbated at historically White institutions (HWI) where Black women are simply absent as engineering research and teaching staff. The absence of Black African women in the academy occurs despite Black African women enrolling and graduating with engineering postgraduate degrees making them eligible for academic jobs. Furthermore, despite Black African women representing the largest population in South Africa at 41% of the population overall, and affirmative action policies in place, engineering academic spaces remain predominantly White and male, not representative of the country's population. In fact White women are overrepresented in engineering academe and in some cases White women are the only female presence in engineering higher education employment. If Black African women are graduating with engineering degrees why are they not equally represented in engineering academe as their White female counterparts? How can the absence of Black African women engineering academics be explained? I use Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory (CGT) to understand the career choice processes of Black African engineering alumni women in South Africa to explain why their career choices thus far have not included the academy. Approaching the research from a social constructivist paradigm, loosely guided by a conceptual framework of African feminism(s) and CGT, and borrowing from life history interview methods this study addresses the underrepresentation of Black African women in engineering academe. Findings indicate Black African women's career choices in engineering are driven by prospects of socio-economic mobility and family/community responsibilities, a product of historical circumstances during apartheid that created social inequalities with Black families relegated to lower socio-economic statuses. In this study career choices were heavily influenced by teachers in pre-tertiary schooling, student academic competencies in mathematics and science, and industry practices that included providing bursary funds to only support engineering higher education endeavors, thereby dictating to students from low income households which careers to pursue especially in cases where the absence of such funding meant one would not be able to afford university costs. The academy was not viewed as a place of work seen instead as a transitory space. The image of the academy as made up of older White males also created the perception that it was not a place for Black women. The combination of the factors influencing career choices in school and the image of the academy as an unwelcoming space for Black women explains Black women's absence in South African engineering academia. Postsecondary institutional leaders should work on changing the image of the academy and marketing it as a career option for students in pre-tertiary and postsecondary education. Institutional culture and representation needs to reflect the diverse student population while actively working to ensure all students, academic and administrative staff feels welcome and valued. More importantly financial resources need to be made available and leveraged to support Black African women's education in a bursary-style format to encourage more Black women to follow academic career pathways.
Show less

Title: Why school superintendents are dismissed or encouraged to leave their positions : a study as expressed by members or boards of education involved in selected cases in Michigan
Creator: Holloway, Hugh Horace
Date: 1966
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Why subordinates lie to their superiors? : a model or organizational deception
Creator: Hubbell, Anne P. (Anne Patricia)
Date: 2000
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Wide-sense martingale approach to linear discrete-time optimal estimation
Creator: Kara, Halit, 1934-
Date: 1971
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Wiener-chaos analysis on Bayesian models with applications in agriculture and climatology
Creator: Wang, Han
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Understanding the challenges to increasing maize productivity in sub-Saharan Africa has important implications for policies to reduce national and global food insecurity. There is insufficient research on the key agronomic and environmental factors that influence maize yield in a smallholder-farm environment. We implement a Bayesian analysis with longitudinal household survey data covering 1,197 plots among 320 farms in central Malawi. The results reveal a high positive association between a...
Show moreUnderstanding the challenges to increasing maize productivity in sub-Saharan Africa has important implications for policies to reduce national and global food insecurity. There is insufficient research on the key agronomic and environmental factors that influence maize yield in a smallholder-farm environment. We implement a Bayesian analysis with longitudinal household survey data covering 1,197 plots among 320 farms in central Malawi. The results reveal a high positive association between a leaf chlorophyll indicator and yield, with significance levels exceeding 95% Bayesian credibility at all sites, and the posterior mean of the regression coefficient ranging from 28% to 42% on a relative scale. A parasitic weed, Striga asiatica, is the variable that negatively associated with yield of high intensity. The impact of rainfall varies by site and season, either directly or indirectly. We conclude that the determinants preventing striga infestation and enhancing nitrogen fertility will lead to higher maize yield in Malawi. To improve plant nitrogen status, fertilizer is effective at higher-productivity sites, whereas soil carbon and organic inputs are important at marginal sites. Uniquely, the Bayesian approach allows differentiation of response by site for a modest-sample-size study. Considering the biophysical constraints, our findings highlight area-specific recommendations as well as management strategies for crop yield.Quantifying the sensitivity of climate forcing factors such as greenhouse gas concentration and solar irradiation, is critical in comprehending the evolution of the Earth's climate. There exists a variety of statistical methods to reconstruct temperature in the past, but the same is not true for projecting future temperatures. We produce a multi-level stochastic model to systematically reconstruct and project the northern-hemisphere average temperature anomalies, for the past millennium (1000-1999) and the next century (2019-2100), by coordinating with climatic forcings and natural proxies from diverse data sources. Additive noises are applied to the model to capture the unaccounted variability. Model parameters are estimated using Bayesian-inference techniques, resulting in complete distributional information. Reconstructions with memory features (no, short, long) are evaluated through selected validation metrics, and the results constitute evidence in favor of using a moderate-memory length. For the purpose of temperature projections, we incorporate realistic climate forcing uncertainties to Year 2100. Similarly, we include an uncertainty component on top of using representative carbon pathway scenarios for global greenhouse gases. Our projections' posterior means show a great level of agreement with the 95% confidence interval provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, while featuring differences in most cases.The models described above are both implemented via Gibbs sampler with 10,000 iterations. In order to avoid its potential computational heft, we combine the use of maximum likelihood estimators for regression elements with properties of Wiener chaos, to approximate the predictive samples with specific chaos distributions that do not require sampling via numerics. Some of the approximations' statistics, such as error variances are also explicitly provided. The precision are relatively high (nearly 0.1% and 0.5%) depending on dimension circumstances. This allows practitioners to estimate approximation accuracy and convergence rates in practice, with no resort to heavy computational demands.
Show less

Title: Wife abuse attitudes and attributions : the role of fear of crime and sex-role ideology
Creator: Finke, Helene Lensky
Date: 1994
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Wilderness land allocation in a multiple use forest management framework in the Pacific Northwest
Creator: Hughes, Jay Melvin, 1930-
Date: 1964
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Wildlife Management and Conservation on Private Land in Namibia : an Ethnographic Account
Creator: Klataske, Ryan Thomas
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Threats to wildlife in Africa and elsewhere around the world raise the question: how can humans work together in the Anthropocene to manage and conserve wildlife and other natural resources? By documenting the use of common property as a tool for wildlife management and conservation on private ranchland in Namibia, this dissertation documents one unique possibility. Drawing on anthropological data and information collected over 13 months of ethnographic research, it examines how and why...
Show moreThreats to wildlife in Africa and elsewhere around the world raise the question: how can humans work together in the Anthropocene to manage and conserve wildlife and other natural resources? By documenting the use of common property as a tool for wildlife management and conservation on private ranchland in Namibia, this dissertation documents one unique possibility. Drawing on anthropological data and information collected over 13 months of ethnographic research, it examines how and why groups of white ranchers have used common property as a tool for managing common-pool wildlife across boundaries of private land. These arrangements and the territories they govern are called freehold or commercial conservancies. This research resulted in an in-depth case study of one of the largest and most active conservancies in the country, as well as a rich collection of stakeholder narratives and observations on the interactions of a wide range of different actors. The findings suggest that common property offered not only a tool for conservation, but also a strategy for survival in post-apartheid southern Africa. After acquiring extensive rights to the wildlife on their land in the 1960s-70s, private landowners in Namibia still faced the challenge of managing this fugitive common-pool resource. While some landowners sought to prevent overexploitation and enclosure, others saw conservancies as a defense mechanism against the state, and as a strategy to escape the threat of land reform. By working together, white ranchers in Namibia have attempted to construct a new niche for themselves based on the conservation and sustainable use of African wildlife. Since the early 1990s, freehold conservancy members have transformed their relationship to wildlife and each other, contributing to the conservation of wildlife and habitat on private land. Yet, despite their accomplishments, many ranchers see their efforts as failing or falling short. Their disillusionment, as documented in this dissertation, stems from the politics of land, fear of a potentially predatory state, and an insecure sense of belonging.
Show less

MSU Libraries

Digital Repository

Enabled Filters

Pages

Pages

MSU Libraries

Digital Repository

You are here

Search results

Pages

Pages