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Title
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Worry and working memory : a behavioral & ERP investigation across the menstrual cycle
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Creator
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Gloe, Lilianne Marie
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Date
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2019
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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"The current project examined the relationship between worry, a component of anxiety characterized by negative, future-oriented thought activity, and working memory in women. Further elucidation of this relationship occurred through use of multiple working memory measures; examining the P300, an event-related potential measured using electroencephalogram (EEG) thought to index resources available for cognitive processing; and considering the role of ovarian hormones. It was hypothesized that...
Show more"The current project examined the relationship between worry, a component of anxiety characterized by negative, future-oriented thought activity, and working memory in women. Further elucidation of this relationship occurred through use of multiple working memory measures; examining the P300, an event-related potential measured using electroencephalogram (EEG) thought to index resources available for cognitive processing; and considering the role of ovarian hormones. It was hypothesized that worry would be associated with poorer working memory function and reduced amplitude of the P300 at higher levels of task difficulty and estradiol. Participants were 65 naturally-cycling women who attended four visits across their menstrual cycles. On each visit day, data collection included a measure of daily worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), a saliva sample used to assay for estradiol, and completion of three working memory tasks (N-back task with EEG recording, Operation Span task and Reading Span task). Five multilevel models were constructed to examine the impact of within-subject fluctuation of Penn State Worry Questionnaire scores and estradiol values on N-back task accuracy, N-back task reaction time, N-back task P300 amplitude, Operation Span score, and Reading Span score. Task parameters of the N-back task (i.e. load and trial type) were included in the three models of the N-back task as indicators of task difficulty. Results indicated that within-subject fluctuations were not significantly related to working memory performance or the P300 amplitude. Potential reasons for null findings are explored and future directions are considered."--Page ii.
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Title
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Workplace demography and attitudinal outcomes : the role of power, status, and diversity climate within groups
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Creator
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Ali, Abdifatah Ahmed
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Date
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2015
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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The study explored to what extent various environmental features can explain away the asymmetrical effects found in the relational demography literature. We used two theoretical paradigms stemming from different scientific disciplines: status and power dynamics from sociology and inclusion and diversity climate from management. We posited the composition of group members as well as those occupying managerial positions would serve as status and power signals for out-group employees (women,...
Show moreThe study explored to what extent various environmental features can explain away the asymmetrical effects found in the relational demography literature. We used two theoretical paradigms stemming from different scientific disciplines: status and power dynamics from sociology and inclusion and diversity climate from management. We posited the composition of group members as well as those occupying managerial positions would serve as status and power signals for out-group employees (women, minorities). These signals would in turn have implications for the type of attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions) women and minority employees endorse. Further, we posited that an inclusive climate would inhibit social categorization processes for both in-group and out-group employees therefore leading to better attitudinal outcomes. Across two samples, we found that the status and power perspective did not account for the asymmetrical effects, whereas the diversity climate perspective did in most of our hypotheses. We highlight the implications for research utilizing both theoretical perspectives and make recommendations to companies regarding ways to address composition and diversity climate issues within workgroups.
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