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Title: Youth level of service/case management inventory : the predictive validity of post-court involvement assessment
Creator: Barnes, Ashlee R.
Date: 2013
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Juvenile risk assessments are becoming increasingly popular in jurisdictions across North America. Court officials use risk assessment scales to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. If risk assessment tools are to be useful, they must demonstrate predictive validity overall as well as demonstrate predictive validity across gender and racial subgroups. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are typically assessed when they enter court jurisdiction. This...
Show moreJuvenile risk assessments are becoming increasingly popular in jurisdictions across North America. Court officials use risk assessment scales to predict future crime, identify youth needs, and inform case planning. If risk assessment tools are to be useful, they must demonstrate predictive validity overall as well as demonstrate predictive validity across gender and racial subgroups. Currently, the literature shows that juveniles are typically assessed when they enter court jurisdiction. This initial risk assessment score is the only one used to predict recidivism. This study sought to determine the predictive accuracy of the composite risk score youth received following dismissal from court jurisdiction. The entry/initial and exit/dismissal composite scores were compared to identify their relative validity. Differential predictive validity across race/ethnicity and gender was also explored. Theoretical and policy implications and the impact of court supervision were then discussed.
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Title: Youth in development : Workers Brigade and the Young Pioneers of Ghana
Creator: Szymkowski, Diane Elizabeth
Date: 1972
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Youth education for social change : a case study in Guyana
Creator: Brook, Karen P.
Date: 2003
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Youth as Teacher Educators : Supporting Preservice Teachers in Developing Youth-Centered, Equity-Oriented Science Teaching Practices
Creator: Nazar, Christina Restrepo
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: In this study, I conducted three separate, but interrelated studies that examine the ways preservice teachers (PSTs) generatively developed youth-centered, equity-oriented pedagogical imaginaries in their methods courses and how they enacted these practice(s) in their field experiences. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand how and in what ways a science methods course can support PSTs in the critical uptake of youth (and community) knowledge(s) and practice(s) and how classroom...
Show moreIn this study, I conducted three separate, but interrelated studies that examine the ways preservice teachers (PSTs) generatively developed youth-centered, equity-oriented pedagogical imaginaries in their methods courses and how they enacted these practice(s) in their field experiences. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand how and in what ways a science methods course can support PSTs in the critical uptake of youth (and community) knowledge(s) and practice(s) and how classroom communities in the field can shift/shape these enactments. In this work, I foreground youth counternarratives of the culture of power in science as a critical part of learning to teach of science for PSTs –this study has never been done before. The first study explores how there is a culture of power in science education, particularly in the ways of knowing, doing and being that are legitimized differently from youth’s in-school and out-of-school experiences. This legitimization affects the ways youth feel recognized/positioned and ultimately supported to take-action in their science education. Using counternarratives of the culture of power in science as a framework, in this study, I worked with youth from an after-school green energy program to co-develop digital multimodal cases of science learning. In the second study, I examined the ways seventeen PSTs, in their elementary science methods course, were supported in developing youth-centered, equity-oriented imaginaries for teaching science to diverse learners. Using the framework imaginaries as practice, I wanted to know 1) in what ways do PSTs take up youth knowledge(s) and practice(s) in science/engineering learning and 2) how this up-take inform the development of youth-centered, equity-oriented teaching practice(s) in ways PSTs imagine enacting their future teaching experiences. In the third study, I followed three preservice elementary science teachers in a six-week engineering teaching experience at Liberty Spanish Immersion School in Great Lakes City, Michigan. Using the framework enactments as practice, I aimed to understand 1) in what ways do preservice elementary science teachers enact youth-centered, equity-oriented teaching practice(s) in an engineering unit focused on teaching engineering design for sustainable communities and 2) how are these enactments shaped by local contentious practice. Implications for this dissertation study include designing a methods course alongside field experiences in support of critically engaging PSTs with cultural/historical/social community underpinnings of youth in equitably consequential ways.
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Title: Youth Appraisals of Marital Conflict and Genetic Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : examination of Gene x Environment Interactions Using Behavioral and Molecular Genetic Methodologies
Creator: Nikolas, Molly A.
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Identifying the specific etiological factors that contribute to the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) holds great promise for future innovations regarding the conceptualization of the disorder as well as prevention and treatment measures. A wealth of evidence has demonstrated that genetic factors make large contributions to ADHD, yet numerous environmental risk factors have also been identified. Uncovering the nature of the exchange processes that are involved in...
Show moreIdentifying the specific etiological factors that contribute to the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) holds great promise for future innovations regarding the conceptualization of the disorder as well as prevention and treatment measures. A wealth of evidence has demonstrated that genetic factors make large contributions to ADHD, yet numerous environmental risk factors have also been identified. Uncovering the nature of the exchange processes that are involved in the development of ADHD via investigation of gene x environment interactions (GxE) represents an important step forward in research involving the causal mechanisms of the disorder. Risk factors related to the family environment may be particularly important for the development of behavioral and emotional regulation capabilities. In particular, conflict in the home has emerged as an important correlate of both symptom severity and impairment for child problems and represents a potential putative environmental risk factor for ADHD. The current research examined the potential etiological role of children's cognitive appraisals self-blame in relation to their parents' marital conflict in ADHD via tests of GxE effects using two complementary methodologies: behavioral and molecular genetics. However, prior to these tests, the phenotypic relationships among children's appraisals of marital conflict and externalizing behaviors were examined. In Study 1, the unique relationships between appraisals of self-blame and ADHD symptoms was replicated, indicating that self-blame was related to ADHD symptoms even when oppositional and conduct are controlled. In Study 2, behavioral genetic methods for testing GxE effects were conducted in a twin sample of 248 twin pairs. Self-blame emerged as a significant moderator of latent genetic and environmental influences on parent rated ADHD symptoms on the Child Behavior Checklist DSM-IV ADHD Scale, such that genetic influences decreased but non-shared environmental influences increased with higher reports of self-blame. In Study 3, tests of GxE effects involving a specific genetic marker, the promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) were conducted in a completely independent sample of n=304 youth, of whom n=151 had ADHD. That analysis revealed significant interactions, such that increases in teacher-rated DSM-IV ADHD symptoms corresponded with increases in self-blame, but only for individuals with the low and high serotonin-activity genotypes. Findings from both studies are complementary and suggest that self-blame may indeed have a specific role in the etiology of ADHD via moderating of genetic effects. Results suggest that different exchange processes (i.e., genetic main effects, environmental main effects, GxE interaction effects) may be differentially important for the etiology of ADHD and provide support for an etiological role of self-blame in ADHD. More broadly, these findings offer an innovative approach for understanding the interactional processes between genetic and environmental risk factors and their contributions to ADHD.
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Title: Your obedient servant : government clerks, officeseeking, and the politics of patronage in antebellum Washington City
Creator: Bowen, Heath J.
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This dissertation examines the social, political, and gendered components of public office and government employment during the antebellum era. Historians have invoked Andrew Jackson's system of spoils to demonstrate the rise of political democratization and the emergence of a federal bureaucracy. But few studies have attempted to examine at any length the public servants and citizens who were implicated into political parties and connected to government institutions through patronage. My...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the social, political, and gendered components of public office and government employment during the antebellum era. Historians have invoked Andrew Jackson's system of spoils to demonstrate the rise of political democratization and the emergence of a federal bureaucracy. But few studies have attempted to examine at any length the public servants and citizens who were implicated into political parties and connected to government institutions through patronage. My research on public servants shows that officeseeking was a highly complex and contested phenomenon that was intimately connected to nineteenth-century political and moral economy. Its connection to the rise of partisan politics and its lure of men from more independent and manly professions worked to create a popular perception of government employment as a social evil. What is more, public office was regularly sought through elite Washington political networks accessible only to applicants with a relative close proximity to political power. My dissertation argues that these developments created a common ambivalence toward public life and a cultural hurdle to the development of a professional ideal within the federal government. How government clerks understood this dynamic and how they made sense of their place within the unique political and social environment of the nation's capital, is of central importance to this study. Officeseeking emerged as a gendered middle-class experience, and clerking in the federal government offered an alternative livelihood to the diverse antebellum labor market. Many government officeseekers experienced decreased opportunities for independent employment and hoped to protect their family's financial future with a clerk's salary. In their efforts to claim a respectable professionality, Washington clerks articulated an understanding of the relationship between the federal government and its employees that challenged popular patronage rationality, setting the tone for future debates regarding civil service reform in the years following the Civil War.
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Title: Your food service : a guide for the food service manager in small hospitals and institutions
Creator: Van Horne, Myrtle B.
Date: 1958
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young women's phenomenological sense of father and parental marital relationship and their relation to paternal loss
Creator: Darlington, Susan J.
Date: 1979
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young people's attitudes toward wildlife
Creator: Pomerantz, Gerri Ann
Date: 1977
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young male offspring of alcoholic fathers : early developmental and cognitive differences from the MSU vulnerability study
Creator: Noll, Robert B.
Date: 1983
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young empowered sisters : promoting psychological and behavioral well being among African American young women through a culturally relevant school-based intervention
Creator: Thomas, Oseela Nadine
Date: 2004
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young children's opportunities to learn in rural southern Tanzania
Creator: Edwards Uçar, Laura Anna
Date: 2015
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Young children’s opportunities to learn are complex and multifaceted. Opportunities for young children to learn in Tanzania vary widely. Within the NGO and scholarly communities focused on early childhood initiatives in Tanzania, there is an appeal for descriptive information to better understand the opportunities to learn for young children in specific contexts. There are limited studies that examine and seek to address an understanding of what opportunities exist for young children to learn...
Show moreYoung children’s opportunities to learn are complex and multifaceted. Opportunities for young children to learn in Tanzania vary widely. Within the NGO and scholarly communities focused on early childhood initiatives in Tanzania, there is an appeal for descriptive information to better understand the opportunities to learn for young children in specific contexts. There are limited studies that examine and seek to address an understanding of what opportunities exist for young children to learn in rural Tanzania.My study is a response to this appeal and presents a focused ethnography of young children’s opportunities to learn in rural southern Tanzania. I designed the focus of my study to explore and develop a detailed description to examine the sociocultural contexts and opportunities to learn for young children in the village of Ndogo and its surrounding villages.This study collected data addressing the following questions: What are opportunities to learn for young children in informal and formal contexts in the home, the community, and the Ndogo school? Where, how, and with whom are these opportunities to learn? I collected this data through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and focus groups conducted with students, teachers, parents, and village members. I also examine influences on these opportunities from outside the community including from the national government and international donor organizations. The findings of my study examine the multiple and diverse opportunities for young children to learn in a variety of modalities. The complex issue of languages is addressed with divergent opportunities between the home, the community and the school. I examine the sociocultural aspects of these opportunities for young children to learn.This study adds to the literature that addresses the nuances, ambiguities, and complexities of the opportunities for young children to learn in and out of formal school in a specific context. These complex descriptions of young children’s opportunities to learn could provide data for future research as well as provide additional information to contribute to and inform decision-making by NGO and government initiatives in Tanzania concentrated on early childhood education and development.
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Title: Young alcoholic families and the transmission of risk : environmental and family interaction differences from the MSU Longitudinal Study
Creator: Baxter-Hagaman, Joyce Ann
Date: 1986
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: Young Darwin : the maturation of a romantic scientist or the apprentice(ship)
Creator: Carignan, Michael
Date: 1995
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Title: You say Hello, I say Mar7aba : exploring the digi-speak that powered the Arab revolution
Creator: Bahrainwala, Lamiyah
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "This is an exploratory study of a digital-script called 3ngleezy, which was developed by the Arab youth in the Middle East and North Africa. This script incorporates Arabic numerals and the English alphabet in texts composed primarily in and for digital spaces. This study explores how such a script allows users to transcribe Arabic in these digital spaces while retaining some of the visual and aural integrity of the Arabic script. Furthermore, in light of the 2011 Arab revolution, this study...
Show more"This is an exploratory study of a digital-script called 3ngleezy, which was developed by the Arab youth in the Middle East and North Africa. This script incorporates Arabic numerals and the English alphabet in texts composed primarily in and for digital spaces. This study explores how such a script allows users to transcribe Arabic in these digital spaces while retaining some of the visual and aural integrity of the Arabic script. Furthermore, in light of the 2011 Arab revolution, this study explores the social subtext of 3ngleezy, which appears to have the rhetorical power to create and mobilize users in digital communities into social action"--Abstract.
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Title: You have to learn to adapt : a sociolinguistic study of Chinese Americans in the "Asian city" of southeast Michigan
Creator: Zheng, Mingzhe
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: ABSTRACTYOU HAVE TO LEARN TO ADAPT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CHINESE AMERICANS IN THE "ASIAN CITY" OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGANByMingzhe ZhengThis dissertation explores the nature of dialect contact, ethnic identity construction by examining the extent to which the speech of second generation Chinese Americans (henceforth CAs), born and raised in Troy, Michigan, is affected by two local sound changes: the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), the dominant dialect among mainstream Michiganders of European...
Show moreABSTRACTYOU HAVE TO LEARN TO ADAPT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CHINESE AMERICANS IN THE "ASIAN CITY" OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGANByMingzhe ZhengThis dissertation explores the nature of dialect contact, ethnic identity construction by examining the extent to which the speech of second generation Chinese Americans (henceforth CAs), born and raised in Troy, Michigan, is affected by two local sound changes: the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), the dominant dialect among mainstream Michiganders of European American descent (Labov, Ash & Boberg 2006); and an emerging sound change in Michigan, the Elsewhere Shift (Kendall & Fridland, 2014). The community investigated in this dissertation, Troy, is in southeast Michigan. It is distinguished by its large population of Chinese Americans and a long residence history of Chinese immigrants compared to other Asian groups (Metzger and Booza 2001). Referred to locally as “the Asian city of southeast Michigan”, 19% of Troy residents are Asian and 5% self-identify as being of Chinese descent. Job opportunities in the auto industry, a high-quality education system, and a safe environment have been attracting an increasing number of Chinese immigrants to this area from the 1960s and continuing to the present day.The acoustic and statistical analysis was carried out on the vowel system of 30 college-age Chinese American speakers, and 15 comparable European Americans serve as a reference group. Data collection was conducted by two interviewers: a male graduate student from China, and a European American undergraduate female student who was also from southeast Michigan. The data in this study were collected by a structured interview similar to a sociolinguistic interview. The analyses show that Troy Chinese Americans are participating in the local vowel system to the same degree as their European American cohort. Nonetheless, even though the two ethnic groups share similar social evaluation of those vowels, as indicated by the examination of contextual style-shifting, inter-ethnic differences were nonetheless found for the vowels THOUGHT, DRESS, STRUT, TRAP and TOO. Of these vowels, only TOO was sensitive to a change of interlocutor: Participants’ nucleus of TOO was on average significantly backer with the male Chinese interviewer than with the female European American interviewer. I argue that inter-ethnic variation in the realization of TOO was found to be due to an effect of interlocutor identity, the F2 dimension of TOO is used by Chinese Americans as a way to index ethnic identity, solidarity, and localness in Troy, Michigan.This study draws on research in variationist sociolinguistics. It joins a growing body of work within variationist sociolinguistics that investigates Asian American speakers in the U.S. (e.g., Hall-Lew 2009, Wong 2015, Bauman 2016). The purpose of this work is to contribute to our knowledge of the complex interactions between language, ethnicity identity and regional identity construction. In the variationist literature, there are a limited number of studies focusing on stylistic variation that signals response to interlocutor ethnicity (e.g., Rickford and McNair-Knox 1994 for African American English). This study serves as the first step towards investigating the stylistic variation of CAs’ English – grounded in the variationist approach to ethnic minority English in the U.S. – and to enrich our understanding of intra-speaker and inter-speaker stylistic variation.
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