Search results

Title: Adaptive behavior in sandbox games : how motivation shapes use of affordances in virtual worlds
Creator: Lee, Joomi
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Users of video games actively interact with the game environment, impacting the contents of the environment and altering their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. Although motivation is essential to guide behavior, not much work has investigated how motivational processes shape in-game behavior. Therefore, this study incorporates understandings of player motivation with a concept of affordances to build a model of adaptive player behavior in games and virtual environments. The primary...
Show moreUsers of video games actively interact with the game environment, impacting the contents of the environment and altering their subsequent behaviors in meaningful ways. Although motivation is essential to guide behavior, not much work has investigated how motivational processes shape in-game behavior. Therefore, this study incorporates understandings of player motivation with a concept of affordances to build a model of adaptive player behavior in games and virtual environments. The primary prediction was that threats and resources in games will shape initial motivated behaviors to explore and use affordances of the virtual world at variable rates. Using a custom-designed game with varying threats and resources available to players, the approach and avoidance behavior players exhibit in response to motivationally relevant in-game encounters was examined in a laboratory experiment. The moderating role of trait-level motivational reactivity in facilitating and inhibiting motivational responses to the game environment was also examined. A series of repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrated that players' adaptively respond to virtual environment affordances to gain benefits and avoid threats, evidenced by facilitated approach behaviors in the absence of threat as well as facilitated avoidance behaviors under threatening circumstances. Furthermore, individual differences in appetitive and defensive trait motivational reactivity moderated these effects in significant fashion. Overall, these findings clarify the role of game mechanics and affordances of the virtual environment as key shapers of user behavior, and demonstrate that gameplay is made up of discrete adaptive behaviors guided by motivated responses to the game environment.
Show less

Title: Adaptive learning : dilemmas of automated instruction in postsecondary education
Creator: Casarez, Roberto R.
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "American higher education is experiencing a time of extraordinary change where traditional practices that have remained relatively unchanged for decades are being questioned and altered in the face of declining public confidence in higher education . Higher education institutions are turning to technological innovations to address numerous concerns, essentially remaking processes and practices at various levels of higher education such as instruction, learning, and administration. Adaptive...
Show more"American higher education is experiencing a time of extraordinary change where traditional practices that have remained relatively unchanged for decades are being questioned and altered in the face of declining public confidence in higher education . Higher education institutions are turning to technological innovations to address numerous concerns, essentially remaking processes and practices at various levels of higher education such as instruction, learning, and administration. Adaptive learning is one of the latest forms of innovation in teaching and learning, and it is currently receiving a great deal of attention across higher education. This study brings together the historical context, current environment of higher education, and the business market, and presents problems and dilemmas that may well affect the future of adaptive learning with the hope that it aids administrators, faculty, and staff in decision-making about this innovation in postsecondary education."--Page ii.
Show less

Title: Adaptive on-device deep learning systems
Creator: Fang, Biyi
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "Mobile systems such as smartphones, drones, and augmented-reality headsets are revolutionizing our lives. On-device deep learning is regarded as the key enabling technology for realizing their full potential. This is because communication with cloud adds additional latency or cost, or the applications must operate even with intermittent internet connectivity.The key to achieving the full promise of these mobile vision systems is effectively analyzing the streaming video frames. However,...
Show more"Mobile systems such as smartphones, drones, and augmented-reality headsets are revolutionizing our lives. On-device deep learning is regarded as the key enabling technology for realizing their full potential. This is because communication with cloud adds additional latency or cost, or the applications must operate even with intermittent internet connectivity.The key to achieving the full promise of these mobile vision systems is effectively analyzing the streaming video frames. However, processing streaming video frames taken in mobile settings is challenging in two folds. First, the processing usually involves multiple computer vision tasks. This multi-tenant characteristic requires mobile vision systems to concurrently run multiple applications that target different vision tasks. Second, the context in mobile settings can be frequently changed. This requires mobile vision systems to be able to switch applications to execute new vision tasks encountered in the new context.In this article, we fill this critical gap by proposing NestDNN, a framework that enables resource-aware multi-tenant on-device deep learning for continuous mobile vision. NestDNN enables each deep learning model to offer flexible resource-accuracy trade-offs. At runtime,it dynamically selects the optimal resource-accuracy trade-off for each deep learning model to fit the model's resource demand to the system's available runtime resources. In doing so, NestDNN efficiently utilizes the limited resources in mobile vision systems to jointly maximize the performance of all the concurrently running applications.Although NestDNN is able to efficiently utilize the resource by being resource-aware, it essentially treats the content of each input image equally and hence does not realize the full potential of such pipelines. To realize its full potential, we further propose FlexDNN, a novel content-adaptive framework that enables computation-efficient DNN-based on-device video stream analytics based on early exit mechanism. Compared to state-of-the-art earlyexit-based solutions, FlexDNN addresses their key limitations and pushes the state-of-the-artforward through its innovative fine-grained design and automatic approach for generating the optimal network architecture."--Pages ii-iii.
Show less

Title: Addition and removal energies via the in-medium similarity renormalization group method
Creator: Yuan, Fei (Software engineer)
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "The in-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG) is an ab initio many-body method suitable for systems with moderate numbers of particles due to its polynomial scaling in computational cost. The formalism is highly flexible and admits a variety of modifications that extend its utility beyond the original goal of computing ground state energies of closed-shell systems. In this work, we present an extension of IM-SRG through quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) to compute...
Show more"The in-medium similarity renormalization group (IM-SRG) is an ab initio many-body method suitable for systems with moderate numbers of particles due to its polynomial scaling in computational cost. The formalism is highly flexible and admits a variety of modifications that extend its utility beyond the original goal of computing ground state energies of closed-shell systems. In this work, we present an extension of IM-SRG through quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) to compute addition and removal energies (single particle energies) near the Fermi level at low computational cost. This expands the range of systems that can be studied from closed-shell ones to nearby systems that differ by one particle. The method is applied to circular quantum dot systems and nuclei, and compared against other methods including equations-of-motion (EOM) IM-SRG and EOM coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The results are in good agreement for most cases. As part of this work, we present an open-source implementation of our flexible and easy-to-use J-scheme framework as well as the HF, IM-SRG, and QDPT codes built upon this framework. We include an overview of the overall structure, the implementation details, and strategies for maintaining high code quality and efficiency. Lastly, we also present a graphical application for manipulation of angular momentum coupling coefficients through a diagrammatic notation for angular momenta (Jucys diagrams). The tool enables rapid derivations of equations involving angular momentum coupling - such as in J-scheme - and significantly reduces the risk of human errors."--Page ii.
Show less

Title: Addressing the news media image in an age of skepticism
Creator: Shin, Soo Young
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: As the public’s skepticism toward news media has been growing, we need to better understand how the public perceives news media organizations. This study employed a useful conceptual lens from the marketing literature, image, to build a new conceptual framework within journalism, news media image to in aid in this understanding. Using focus group interviewing methods, the perceptions of 44 participants (across nine sessions) living in the Midwest in the U.S. were investigated to reveal the...
Show moreAs the public’s skepticism toward news media has been growing, we need to better understand how the public perceives news media organizations. This study employed a useful conceptual lens from the marketing literature, image, to build a new conceptual framework within journalism, news media image to in aid in this understanding. Using focus group interviewing methods, the perceptions of 44 participants (across nine sessions) living in the Midwest in the U.S. were investigated to reveal the news media image constructs perceived by the public. Through multidisciplinary literature review and group discussions, eight dimensions emerged: news quality, news usefulness, socially responsible, personality, usability, transparent, perspective-taking, and news selection bias. Results showed that participants believed that news media organizations are mostly unreliable and biased in selecting news worthy stories as the news organizations are under the pressure of making profit or political interests. However, the information provided by news organizations was regarded as being useful in getting relevant information to the participants’ lives and news organizations’ potential role of protecting democracy were valued by participants. Exploring how these dimensions represent people's image of the news media provides insight into the current American’s perceptions and biases toward the news media organizations.
Show less

Title: Addressing the security and efficiency challenges in Internet of things
Creator: Lei, Xinyu
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Nowadays, Internet of things (IoT) devices (e.g., smart cameras, Amazon Alexa, GPS navigation devices) are increasingly popular in our daily life. In practice, IoT devices are usually supported by their infrastructures (such as cloud servers, blockchain systems) to provide a variety of services. Some examples are given as follows. First, smart home Wi-Fi IoT devices can connect to their IoT vendor servers over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled. Second, IoT...
Show moreNowadays, Internet of things (IoT) devices (e.g., smart cameras, Amazon Alexa, GPS navigation devices) are increasingly popular in our daily life. In practice, IoT devices are usually supported by their infrastructures (such as cloud servers, blockchain systems) to provide a variety of services. Some examples are given as follows. First, smart home Wi-Fi IoT devices can connect to their IoT vendor servers over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled. Second, IoT devices along with blockchain systems have been implemented in various industries including financial, supply chain management, smart agriculture, cryptocurrency-supported vending machine, etc. Third, IoT devices can produce/collect datasets (e.g., locations) and upload them to powerful public cloud servers for storage. Then, the cloud server (serves as the IoT infrastructure) can deliver different data queries (e.g., kNN queries) services to data users. For both IoT devices and IoT infrastructures, there are many security and efficiency challenges that are needed to be addressed. For example, IoT devices usually have limited hardware capabilities, so they may not support secure communications (i.e., SSL/TLS connections). Moreover, blockchain systems may suffer from double-spending attacks and public clouds may steal the datasets in their storage. In this work, we propose various solutions to address these security and efficiency challenges. They are introduced as follows. To address security and efficiency challenges in IoT devices, we have two studies. First, in our project targeting smart home Wi-Fi-connected IoT devices, we conduct an empirical study on how the cryptographic/security protocols (e.g., SSL/TLS) are supported on 40 popular Wi-Fi smart home IoT devices. Surprisingly, we discover two security vulnerabilities and show that adversaries can exploit them to hijack the victims' IoT devices or peek at victims' activities. To secure these smart home IoT devices, we present SecWIR (Secure Wi-Fi IoT communication Router) framework, which is deployed on the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) home Wi-Fi routers. Our experimental results show that SecWIR can secure IoT devices at the expense of only a small reduction in the routing performance. Second, in our project on home digital voice assistants (HDVAs), we study the insecurity of HDVA services by using Amazon Alexa and Google Home as case studies. We disclose three security vulnerabilities that root in their insecure access control. The insecure access control means that HDVA devices not only solely rely on single-factor authentication but also take voice commands even if no people are around them. To address the venerability, we devise a Virtual Security Button (VSButton), which leverages a real-time outlier detection algorithm on Wi-Fi signal to detect indoor human motions. Only when indoor human motions are detected, VSButton activates the HDVA devices and allows them to accept voice commands. At last, we conduct experiments to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of VSButton. To address security and efficiency challenges in IoT infrastructures, we have two studies. First, in our project on reducing the transaction validation time on Bitcoin blockchain, we focus on designing fast Bitcoin transaction validation protocols which can help to promote the IoT-blockchain services (e.g., Bitcoin-supported vending machine). Currently, a secure Bitcoin transaction requires the payee to wait for at least 6 block confirmations (one hour) to be validated. In our project, we propose BFastPay scheme to accelerate the Bitcoin transaction validation. BFastPay employs a smart contract called BFPayArbitrator to host the payer's security deposit and fulfills the role of a trusted payment arbitrator which guarantees that a payee always receives the payment even if attacks occur. BFastPay is a routing-free solution that eliminates the requirement for payment routing in the traditional transaction routing network (e.g., Lightning Network). The theoretical and experimental results show that BFastPay is able to significantly reduce the Bitcoin transaction waiting time. Second, in our project on providing secure IoT-cloud service, we focus on k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries service. Nowadays, location service providers (LSPs) often resort to IoT devices (e.g., GPS navigation devices) to collect geospatial data. In practice, LSPs may rely on commercial cloud services, e.g., Dropbox, to store the tremendous geospatial data and deal with a number of user queries. However, it is challenging to achieve a secure and efficient location-based query processing over encrypted geospatial data stored on the untrusted cloud. In this project, we propose SecEQP (Secure and Efficient Queries Processing) scheme to address the secure kNN query problem. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation demonstrate that SecEQP is secure and efficient. In summary, we successfully address the security and efficiency challenges in different IoT devices (including smart home IoT devices and HDVAs) and IoT infrastructures (including blockchain systems and cloud servers) in this work. We believe that our work can promote the fast growth of the IoT industry
Show less

Title: Adhesion mechanics and physical characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis in low moisture environments
Creator: Suehr, Quincy Jerome
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Controlling foodborne pathogens in low-moisture environments requires an understanding of how contamination is introduced and spread through a system. Compared with numerous data and studies regarding wet environments, limited information exists concerning the adhesion mechanics of pathogens in low-moisture environments. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) Develop a framework for adhesion of bacteria in a low moisture environment, (2) perform direct measurements of adhesion...
Show moreControlling foodborne pathogens in low-moisture environments requires an understanding of how contamination is introduced and spread through a system. Compared with numerous data and studies regarding wet environments, limited information exists concerning the adhesion mechanics of pathogens in low-moisture environments. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) Develop a framework for adhesion of bacteria in a low moisture environment, (2) perform direct measurements of adhesion mechanics, (3) implement measurements into a model, and (4) validate the model. Physical properties and adhesion characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 (SE PT30) attached on stainless steel 304 were assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and used to develop a Discrete Element Method (DEM) model as a first principle based approach. This model allowed the estimation of force of reversible adhesion for Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 to be measured as Fad = 3.3459 ± 0.0283 nN. For model validation, a large-scale bacterial detachment experiment utilizing Salmonella was conducted. The modeling results for adhesion was able to elucidate bacterial adhesion mechanics, and the cross-contamination phenomena in low-moisture environment.
Show less

Title: Adsorption media for the removal of phosphorus in subsurface drainage for Michigan corn fields
Creator: Hauda, Jessica Kathleen
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Phosphorus is a valuable, non-renewable resource in agriculture promoting crop growth. and is used in the global food chain, mainly as fertilizer. Soluble phosphorus plays a part in the eutrophication in freshwater environments, which impacts tourism, human health, environmental safety, and property values. Phosphorus loss from agricultural land is also a loss of investment that went into keeping it on the soil, and its addition into water bodies can increase costs to manage the affected area...
Show morePhosphorus is a valuable, non-renewable resource in agriculture promoting crop growth. and is used in the global food chain, mainly as fertilizer. Soluble phosphorus plays a part in the eutrophication in freshwater environments, which impacts tourism, human health, environmental safety, and property values. Phosphorus loss from agricultural land is also a loss of investment that went into keeping it on the soil, and its addition into water bodies can increase costs to manage the affected area(s). This research entails selecting the phosphorus adsorption media best suited for removing phosphorus from subsurface drainage in Michigan farms. Selected adsorption media from the literature includes engineered nanomaterials, biochar, and natural materials. These media were evaluated with typical subsurface drainage phosphorus concentrations using batch adsorption and column experiments to verify if the media worked in this application. Both the steel furnace slag (SFS) and PO4Sponge removed soluble reactive phosphorus from 0.500 to below 0.05 mg/L in column experiments at an empty bed contact time of 5-minutes The SFS was the most cost-effective option based on a case-study and generalized analysis. The most expensive option was the use of PO4Sponge media to remove phosphorus, then regenerating it at the manufacturer.
Show less

Title: Advanced Operators for Graph Neural Networks
Creator: Ma, Yao
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Graphs, which encode pairwise relations between entities, are a kind of universal data structure for many real-world data, including social networks, transportation networks, and chemical molecules. Many important applications on these data can be treated as computational tasks on graphs. For example, friend recommendation in social networks can be regarded as a link prediction task and predicting properties of chemical compounds can be treated as a graph classification task. An essential...
Show moreGraphs, which encode pairwise relations between entities, are a kind of universal data structure for many real-world data, including social networks, transportation networks, and chemical molecules. Many important applications on these data can be treated as computational tasks on graphs. For example, friend recommendation in social networks can be regarded as a link prediction task and predicting properties of chemical compounds can be treated as a graph classification task. An essential step to facilitate these tasks is to learn vector representations either for nodes or the entire graphs. Given its great success of representation learning in images and text, deep learning offers great promise for graphs. However, compared to images and text, deep learning on graphs faces immense challenges. Graphs are irregular where nodes are unordered and each of them can have a distinct number of neighbors. Thus, traditional deep learning models cannot be directly applied to graphs, which calls for dedicated efforts for designing novel deep graph models. To help meet this pressing demand, we developed and investigated novel GNN algorithms to generalize deep learning techniques to graph-structured data. Two key operations in GNNs are the graph filtering operation, which aims to refine node representations; and the graph pooling operation, which aims to summarize node representations to obtain a graph representation. In this thesis, we provide deep understandings or develop novel algorithms for these two operations from new perspectives. For graph filtering operations, we propose a unified framework from the perspective of graph signal denoising, which demonstrates that most existing graph filtering operations are conducting feature smoothing. Then, we further investigate what information typical graph filtering operations can capture and how they can be understood beyond feature smoothing. For graph pooling operations, we study the procedure of pooling from the perspective of graph spectral theory and present a novel graph pooling operation. We also propose a technique to downsample nodes considering both mode importance and representativeness, which leads to a novel graph pooling operation.
Show less

Title: Advancements in electrochemistry for the sensing of aqueous compounds and persistent compound destruction
Creator: Ensch, Mary
Date: 2020
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: A significant research question to address is if existing electrochemical methods can be used to advance the sensing of biological compounds and toxic heavy metals, and to destroy persistent toxic pollutants to benefit the planet and humankind. Using the methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV), and electrochemical oxidation (EO), the sensing of isatin and manganese, and the destruction of perfluoroalkyl compounds was...
Show moreA significant research question to address is if existing electrochemical methods can be used to advance the sensing of biological compounds and toxic heavy metals, and to destroy persistent toxic pollutants to benefit the planet and humankind. Using the methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV), and electrochemical oxidation (EO), the sensing of isatin and manganese, and the destruction of perfluoroalkyl compounds was investigated. Each task had the main focus of advancing our understanding of the process and making significant process improvements.Isatin is an endogenous indole that has potential pharmaceutical applications based on its anticonvulsant abilities through reaction pathways in the human body. Due to its low concentrations in blood, serum, and tissues, it is typically detected using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) which requires a specialized individual and lengthy measurement times. In order to combat this, researchers have begun investigating electrochemical detection methods for this compound. Here, the investigation of isatin detection on a 3-in-1 boron-doped diamond (BDD) sensor was studied to simplify the electrochemical system requirements and set the ground work for a potential plug and play sensor for isatin. Both sensor configurations tested showed applicability to this application with the lowest limit of detection obtained to be 0.04 μM. Not only was isatin able to be detected in a complex sample matrix in a short measurement time with this simplified technical approach, it was done so with the elimination of extensive electrode pretreatment processes that have been required for other electrode materials in the past. This study paves the way for a fully developed BDD sensor that can expand the understanding of isatin reaction pathways and advance its ability to be used in pharmaceuticals.Manganese is an important nutrient but has toxic effects in humans making it imperative to be able to detect it in human blood, urine, and serum as well as drinking water. Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been a typical electrode material for spectroelectrochemical measurements and metal detection experiments on transparent substrates. This study goes through a few process parameters for an ITO film on a non-transparent silicon substrate. It was found that heating and annealing the film created the best film structure for an electrochemical sensing application towards manganese with a limit of detection of 0.1 parts per billion (ppb). This obtained lower detection limit allows for improved accuracy in human serum measurements with no added membranes to the electrode’s surface and uses an electrode material that already has the capabilities to be mass produced with good repeatability. This makes ITO an economical sensing solution.Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are toxic to human health and are wide spread in the environment due to their numerous consumer and industrial applications. Most current remediation techniques take advantage of filtration or adsorption technologies to remove these compounds from a water source. However, since they do not destroy the compounds, these remediation techniques yield waste products. This study, utilizing electrochemical oxidation for the destruction of PFAS, looks at tackling waste products from an ion exchange process. By utilizing BDD, a laboratory study showed that PFAS completely mineralize in these complex solutions. Overall, it was foundthat ammonia based solutions allow for the best mineralization of the most common PFAS using electrochemical oxidation for an ion exchange regenerate solution. This study provides valuable knowledge to ion exchange manufacturers who are looking to solve their residual PFAS waste problem.All three studies have shown that existing electrochemical techniques can be used to further sensing and remediation knowledge in today’s world and provide safer, cleaner technology options for the betterment of human health and the environment.
Show less

Title: Advancing Field Emission Technology for High Power Injectors Operating in GHz and Beyond
Creator: Schneider, Mitchell E.
Date: 2022
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: As the next generation of electron injectors pushes to achieve higher gradient fields than ever before (>300 MV/m), they are driven to operate at higher frequencies (C-band through W-band). This shrinks the fabrication dimensions of these cavities, making field emission cathodes (FECs) an electron source of choice. Photoemission and thermionic sources are increasingly less suited as the complex laser transport schemes and heating source powering these injectors cannot provide the necessary...
Show moreAs the next generation of electron injectors pushes to achieve higher gradient fields than ever before (>300 MV/m), they are driven to operate at higher frequencies (C-band through W-band). This shrinks the fabrication dimensions of these cavities, making field emission cathodes (FECs) an electron source of choice. Photoemission and thermionic sources are increasingly less suited as the complex laser transport schemes and heating source powering these injectors cannot provide the necessary beam quality and may cause damage to the cathode or the injector itself. Carbon-based FECs have dominated the field emission sources R&D portfolio at DOD and DOE for the past 30 years across various high-power vacuum electronic device activities. Compared to traditional metal cathode technology, carbon-based technology cathodes are able to produce higher charge at low electric fields. Small intrinsic electron momentum and simple fabrication means these can become a leading technology, e.g., in the case of carbon nanotubes, nanoscale emitters make them attractive for producing high brightness beams. Specifically, diamond-based cathodes can handle extreme temperature and mechanical stresses that can occur under high gradient conditions.Most promising is a unique form of diamond, ultra-nano-crystalline diamond (UNCD) due to its material and electrical properties, which include being the most conductive form of diamond due to having the largest amount of grain boundaries. This cathode material allows us to explore new frontiers of cathode physics research, revealing a new field emission mechanism that diverges from classical Fowler Nordheim, termed space charge dominated Fowler Nordheim. This form of Fowler Nordheim is space charge dominated but can surpass the 1D Child Langmuir limit and approaches the 2D limit. This is not space charge limited Fowler Nordheim. This ability to decouple the extracted current from the space charge effects allows for the production of extremely xiii bright beams. This can be achieved by expanding the current cathode testing facilities beyond L band into C band so as to access these high fields and explore the temporal dynamics of a field emission source. This will yield the new physics knowledge needed to construct the world’s first custom-built injector specifically designed for field emission sources. Furthermore, exploring other forms of diamond cathode such as Diamond Field Emitter Arrays (DFEA) yields insight into the applications of transversely shaped beams for advanced accelerator applications such as emittance exchange beam lines. DFEA’s allow for the exploration of additional materials effects on the cathode performance such as the ballast resistance. This ultimately allows the derivation of a comprehensive concept map for the field emission dynamic regimes needed for the design of RF injectors. Previously, the theoretical assumption was that everything operated under classical Fowler Nordheim without any additional contributions from other materials properties or beam effects.
Show less

Title: Advancing frontiers in reactive and selective iridium c-h borylation catalysis and targeted silsesquioxane synthesis
Creator: Dannatt, Jonathan E.
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The studies in this dissertation are aimed at uncovering reactive and selective Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation (CHB) catalysts. Due to the high versatility of organoboron species, green methodology to produce the C-B bond is poised to support a myriad of subsequent transformations. These transformations include Suzuki couplings, aminations, oxidations, halogenations, cyanations, and trifluoromethylations.Typical iridium catalyzed CHBs proceed through an iridium trisboryl with a bidentate ligand...
Show moreThe studies in this dissertation are aimed at uncovering reactive and selective Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation (CHB) catalysts. Due to the high versatility of organoboron species, green methodology to produce the C-B bond is poised to support a myriad of subsequent transformations. These transformations include Suzuki couplings, aminations, oxidations, halogenations, cyanations, and trifluoromethylations.Typical iridium catalyzed CHBs proceed through an iridium trisboryl with a bidentate ligand such as bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline. The selectivity of these standard catalysts is generally driven by sterics; however, many methods of overcoming the steric bias have been developed in the two decades since the first thermal catalytic C-H activation borylation. These methods include both inner- and outer-sphere directed mechanisms. Outer-sphere directed borylations have been accomplished by leveraging hydrogen bonding, Lewis acid-base, and ion-pairing as directing elements. In general this reactivity is activated by precise design of the bidentate ligand framework.Herein is reported a subtle electrostatic interaction to direct ortho-borylation of phenols by simply switching boron source from the common B2pin2 (pin = pinacolate) to B2eg2 (eg = ethyleneglycolate). This electrostatic interaction was revealed by a careful computational analysis of key C-H activation transition states. Understanding gained by the computational studies led to the redesign of the boron source which enabled by selectivities of > 99% ortho borylation. This methodology was extended to the highly selective ortho-borylation of anilines, and the underlying mechanism has been interrogated.Currently, iridium based catalysts have been generated to borylate ortho, meta, and even para to a variety of classes of substrates; however, control of selectivity can breakdown in many fluorinated arenes without a directing group. These substrates are challenging because the fluoro moiety being similar in size to a hydrogen offers little in the way of steric bias. While working to overcome these challenges, a serendipitously discovered hydrazone based ligand was discovered. Exploration of the catalysts generated by this ligand revealed not only impressive activity rivaling dtbpy but also incredible selectivity for meta to a fluoro group.In general iridium CHB catalysts selectively activate sp2 C-H bonds leaving all sp3 C-H bonds intact; however, a method to turn on sp3 C-H activation would be desirable. It was reasoned that a directing group able to increase the effective concentration of the iridium catalyst near a C(sp3)-H bond may enable this transformation. Indeed, it was discovered that catalysts able to accept amide directing groups were able to selectively borylate compounds with amide N-methyl substituents.
Show less

Title: Aerodynamic design and characterization of novel wound composite multistage counter-rotating axial compressors
Creator: Gower, Blake Ernest
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: ABSTRACTAERODYNAMIC DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL WOUND COMPOSITE MULTISTAGE COUNTER-ROTATING AXIAL COMPRESSORSByBlake Ernest GowerThis thesis examines two different generations of axial compressor developed within the framework of the patented wound composite impeller technology created at Michigan State University. The technology itself allows for a departure from both the construction and operation of traditional single and multistage axial machines. Rather than using casting and...
Show moreABSTRACTAERODYNAMIC DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL WOUND COMPOSITE MULTISTAGE COUNTER-ROTATING AXIAL COMPRESSORSByBlake Ernest GowerThis thesis examines two different generations of axial compressor developed within the framework of the patented wound composite impeller technology created at Michigan State University. The technology itself allows for a departure from both the construction and operation of traditional single and multistage axial machines. Rather than using casting and machining methods to produce the impellers, they are wound from carbon fiber or other fiber/matrix material on a mandrel with curved slots. Winding layer-by-layer in the axial direction builds the blades while simultaneously creating the outer (and inner) shroud(s). The winding technique ensures that the fibers are closely aligned with the forces associated with high speed rotation, thereby yielding a high strength, light weight composite rotor capable of operating in chemically aggressive environments once cured. Traditional multistage axial compressors typically have a single drive shaft and hence require unidirectional rotation at a single operating speed. Non-rotating stators are utilized between rotors to impose the appropriate velocity distribution at the subsequent rotor inlet. The stators however do not perform useful work in terms of boosting the total pressure, and they contribute substantially to the overall footprint of a multistage machine. The employment of counter-rotating stages serves to eliminate the need for all intermediate stators as they themselves impose the necessary velocity distribution for the subsequent rotor while simultaneously performing useful work. Counter-rotation can be achieved by integrating a permanent magnet motor with each rotor. Rotors can be mounted on a non-rotating shaft and can therefore be driven in opposite directions through the use of variable frequency drives.Initially developed for strength and ease of construction, a full geometric characterization of the first-generation “star pattern” impeller is performed and it is found that it operates under the forced-vortex flow regime. Reductions in terms of polytropic efficiency, mass flow rate, and total pressure ratio are seen from analytical prediction to numerical simulation, and again from simulation to experimental measurement. These reductions have led to the development of the second-generation impeller, which operates under the free-vortex flow regime.Enhanced performance of single stage second-generation impellers in numerical simulation has lead to a vast investigation matching geometrical parameters, rotational speeds, and flow velocities to best-point operating conditions for up to seven counter-rotating stages compressing initially saturated water vapor under vacuum pressure for 22 different inlet temperatures. Numerical simulations of select cases agree well with analytical predictions.For achieving maximum specific work transfer from the rotors to the working fluid, it is determined that the critical relative Mach number at each rotor tip should always be maximized. Hub/tip ratio at the first rotor inlet, aspect ratio, critical absolute Mach number, and turning angle are all temperature-dependent. The number of stages employed also has a large effect on how each rotor behaves (e.g. the second stage of a three stage machine looks and behaves differently from the second stage in a six stage machine), however utilizing an odd vs. an even number of total stages will have a much larger effect on inlet flow angle and the dimensionless flow coefficient, blade loading coefficient, and specific speed of each rotor. Seven other gas mixtures have been investigated in similar fashion and exhibit similar behavior. Overall, billions of designs have been evaluated and the best operating conditions are determined for each individual set of inlet conditions and number of stages used. This research lays the necessary ground work for multistage counter-rotating axial compressor construction.
Show less

Title: Affective aesthetics and the social politics of Neoliberalism in New Extremism cinema
Creator: Clark, Cameron
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This thesis investigates the aesthetics of transgression in New Extremism cinema for the ways in which they inform, and are mutually informed by, neoliberal affect and social politics. Although negative affect and spectatorial embodiment are often central to critical discourse on New Extremism, this thesis instead attends to the interlocking aesthetic, narrative, and spatio-temporal expressions of affect as they correlate with neoliberal politics of respectability and reproduction. By...
Show moreThis thesis investigates the aesthetics of transgression in New Extremism cinema for the ways in which they inform, and are mutually informed by, neoliberal affect and social politics. Although negative affect and spectatorial embodiment are often central to critical discourse on New Extremism, this thesis instead attends to the interlocking aesthetic, narrative, and spatio-temporal expressions of affect as they correlate with neoliberal politics of respectability and reproduction. By deploying feminism and queer theory, this thesis locates positive, productive potentials within formal expressions of negative affect that mobilize a political critique of the violences within each film. In so doing, the selected film examples--Fabrice Du Welz's Calvaire (2004), Marina de Van's Dans ma peu (2002), Olivier Assayas's Demonlover (2002), Bruno Dumont's Twentynine Palms (2004), François Ozon's Criminal Lovers (2001), Alain Guiraudie's Stranger by the Lake (2014), to name a few--portray the shifting relations between politics, gender, and sexuality in the neoliberal present and offer critical alternatives for how such developments have impacted and impeded sociality.
Show less

Title: Affective and cognitive responses to insects and other arthropods
Creator: Lorenz-Reaves, Amanda R.
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "Insects are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on Earth. Though as a group they do far more ecological good than harm, previous studies have shown that human attitudes toward insects are mainly negative. Attitudes have affective (emotions) and cognitive (beliefs, mental representations) components that interact to influence behavior. Negative attitudes toward insects are associated with negative affect such as disgust and fear, and can have negative consequences, such as a lack...
Show more"Insects are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on Earth. Though as a group they do far more ecological good than harm, previous studies have shown that human attitudes toward insects are mainly negative. Attitudes have affective (emotions) and cognitive (beliefs, mental representations) components that interact to influence behavior. Negative attitudes toward insects are associated with negative affect such as disgust and fear, and can have negative consequences, such as a lack of conservation funding. In addition, negative attitudes can cause people to avoid insects and/or feel distress when insects are present, prompting a disconnection between the public and the insect world. To explore affective responses to insects, Chapter Two focuses on the emotion of disgust. Disgust is associated with avoidance of objects that cause sickness (e.g. rotten meat) or undesirable social conduct (e.g. moral disgust). Disgust is partitioned into distinct domains - pathogen, moral, sexual, etc. To determine whether disgust stimulated by insects belongs in a unique domain, incoming freshmen at a large public university were surveyed (Chapter Two). Survey items pertained to moral, pathogen, and insect-specific disgust. Factor analyses indicate that insect disgust and pathogen disgust are part of the same construct, unique from moral disgust. This implies that insects are perceived with the same feelings of disgust felt for pathogens. To explore cognition associated with insects, Chapter Three and Appendix One focus on mental models of insects and other arthropods. Mental models are internal representations of external entities that are used to reason, make inferences, conduct thought experiments, and anticipate future events. Drawings reflect important qualities of mental models including knowledge categorization and organization. Drawings of insects were collected from participants with high and low expertise in entomology. Salient insect features were indexed and principal components analysis applied to detect underlying patterns. Two distinct components emerged - (1) a non-winged "crawling" insect, and (2) a legless winged "flying" insect, implying that flying and crawling insects are perceived as distinct from each other (Chapter Three). A similar analysis of children's drawings of insects also showed a distinction between crawling and flying insects (Appendix One). Finally, to explore the interaction between affective and cognitive responses to insects, drawings of "disgusting" and "not disgusting" insects from participants sampled in Chapter Three were compared. Participants were also surveyed to gain a quantitative measure of disgust associated with insects. Experts exhibited significantly lower disgust responses than novices. Additionally, the inclusion of legs on drawings of insects deemed not disgusting correlated negatively with disgust. In contrast, the inclusion of legs on drawings of disgusting insects correlated positively with disgust. This suggests that crawling insects may be regarded as being more disgusting than flying insects. A multiple linear regression was conducted on the not disgusting insect drawings to determine whether drawing a crawling insect as well as one's expertise level, could predict insect-associated disgust. Approximately 35% of the variation in disgust was attributable to subject group (expertise) and the degree to which drawings aligned with the crawling insect model. In addition, this study also demonstrates that examining drawings of insects can be a useful tool to shed light on affect and cognition associated with insects."--Pages ii-iii.
Show less

Title: African American athletes, actors, singers, peformers, and the anti-apartheid movement, 1948-1994
Creator: Jackson, Ronald L., 1970-
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: “African American Athletes, Actors, Singers, Performers and the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1948-1994” is the first study to explore the multiple roles African American artists and athletes in the global struggle against apartheid in South Africa. As a transnational study, this dissertation pays attention to the multiple trans-Atlantic dialogues that occurred for over a century between African American entertainers and the people of South Africa. Based on archival sources in the United States...
Show more“African American Athletes, Actors, Singers, Performers and the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1948-1994” is the first study to explore the multiple roles African American artists and athletes in the global struggle against apartheid in South Africa. As a transnational study, this dissertation pays attention to the multiple trans-Atlantic dialogues that occurred for over a century between African American entertainers and the people of South Africa. Based on archival sources in the United States and South Africa, it argues that many Black Americans in the popular culture industry used their celebrity status to galvanize support for a free South Africa, while others chose paths of accommodation, and, in some cases, collaborated with the Pretoria regime. African American singers, actors, musicians, boxers, golfers, and tennis players were often motivated, both intrinsically and extrinsically, by pan-African connections forged by an empathetic sense of a shared history of racial oppression endured by blacks in both the United States and South Africa during similar time periods. This study addresses questions about the African Diaspora that have not fully been addressed in previous studies. What factors prompted black American entertainers to join the anti-apartheid movement? Did anti-apartheid activists in South Africa consider the support of black American entertainers an essential component of the struggle? Why did some black American entertainers elect to ignore the cultural boycott and tour South Africa?
Show less

Title: Africana women stories : mothering in African centered educational leadership
Creator: Caesar, Tiffany D.
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "The current dissertation examines the stories of black women leaders in African Centered Education (ACE) in South Africa and Detroit using 'mothering' as a core theoretical framework to examine Black women's leadership globally. Pan-Africanism, African Centeredness, and womanism are theories within the study that provide a further understanding of their interwoven narratives. By focusing on the context, emergent themes, and aesthetic whole within a portraiture methodology -- the study hopes...
Show more"The current dissertation examines the stories of black women leaders in African Centered Education (ACE) in South Africa and Detroit using 'mothering' as a core theoretical framework to examine Black women's leadership globally. Pan-Africanism, African Centeredness, and womanism are theories within the study that provide a further understanding of their interwoven narratives. By focusing on the context, emergent themes, and aesthetic whole within a portraiture methodology -- the study hopes to shed light on what it refers to as 'Africana' women's stories. Distinctively, the dissertation study expands on the existing narrative of black women educators presenting them as leaders and using mothering as praxis by adding two originally researched elements - the experiences of black women leaders in African Centered Education and the current racialized and gendered transnational dialogue occurring between women in Detroit, Michigan and South Africa. 'Mothering' as praxis is mentioned throughout the experiences of black women educators (Baylor)(Gumbs)(Msila)(T. Karenga) (Hill-Brisbane) (Johnson L) (Johnson)(Collins). The concept essentially "involves valuing and of itself a commitment to the survival and thriving of other bodies" (Oka, 52). The role of the mother includes the ability to nurture, teach, mold, pass down culture, mentor, and support spiritual regeneration of our ancestors (T. Karenga) (Dove, 520) (Godono). With the current dissertation; these activities extended to 'emancipatory organizations, institutions, and social movements as is reflected in the history of the mothers of the freedom movements in this country and throughout the pan-African world' (Karenga)."--Pages ii-iii.
Show less

Title: Agency in context : a phenomenological study of Chinese college lLearners' intercultural engagement with expatriate instructors
Creator: Larson, Jay B.
Date: 2017
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "As China increasingly internationalizes its higher education system, growing numbers of Chinese learners and expatriate instructors meet in the classroom, engaging one another from their disparate cultural and pedagogical standpoints. Despite its widespread occurrence, the phenomenon of Chinese learners and Western instructors engaging one another in pedagogically and culturally Chinese institutions is largely neglected in research. Scholarly literature on Chinese learners is dominated by...
Show more"As China increasingly internationalizes its higher education system, growing numbers of Chinese learners and expatriate instructors meet in the classroom, engaging one another from their disparate cultural and pedagogical standpoints. Despite its widespread occurrence, the phenomenon of Chinese learners and Western instructors engaging one another in pedagogically and culturally Chinese institutions is largely neglected in research. Scholarly literature on Chinese learners is dominated by studies of their experiences as international students on Western campuses. In Chinese environments, authors most often examine perspectives of expatriate instructors on their cultural adjustments. The voice of the Chinese learner in China is rarely heard in research. In this study, I turned a phenomenological lens toward 17 Chinese learners' lived experiences of intercultural classroom engagement at China's Southwest University. Drawing on works of Hall (1997a, 1997b), Said (1978), and Simmel (1971), I devised a Progression Model of Intercultural Engagement to frame participants' evolving perceptions of expatriate instructors as culturally foreign Others. I focused my analysis of learners' perceptions through three overlapping areas of inquiry: (a) learners' sense-making processes and management of intercultural teaching and learning; (b) their perceptions of the expatriate instructor as a physical, social, and cultural presence; and, (c) perceptions of expatriate instructor's course design and teaching. I collected data over a two-month period at Southwest University through methods including classroom observations, Chinese language participant essays, and English language interviews. Findings revealed learners exercised ownership and agency in interpreting and managing intercultural engagement with their instructors. Participants expressed ownership of a perceived physically, linguistically, and academically Chinese environment. Within that environment, they initially characterized expatriate instructor by foreign-ness. Learners made further sense of intercultural experience by situating their instructors' foreign-ness in constructed social, pedagogical, linguistic, and cultural roles. These roles assigned purpose to the expatriate instructor's foreign presence, and framed the meanings learners constructed from intercultural engagement. Finally, participants interpreted their relationships with written and spoken English through engagement with expatriate instructors perceived as social, pedagogical, and cultural embodiments of language. In sum, findings indicate perceived cultural context of the environment, and senses of ownership and agency learners exercised in this environment. These findings contribute to the academic dialogue on intercultural teaching and learning, not only in Chinese institutional contexts, but anywhere knowledge construction must bridge cultural assumptions, epistemologies, and pedagogies. This study can inform further inquiry into international learners on Western campuses, multinational classes in education hubs, and Western learners studying abroad. I address these applications, and others, as I conclude this dissertation with recommendations for practice, and implications for research and theory."--Pages ii-iii.
Show less

Title: Alignment Control for Optical Communication between Underwater Robots
Creator: Solanki, Pratap Bhanu
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Light-emitting diode (LED)-based optical communication is emerging as a promising low-power, low-cost, and high-data-rate alternative to acoustic communication for underwater applications. However, it requires a close-to-line-of-sight (LOS) link between the communicating parties.Achieving and maintaining the LOS is challenging due to the constant movement of underlying mobile platforms caused by propulsion and unwanted disturbances. In this dissertation, a novel, compact LED-based wireless...
Show moreLight-emitting diode (LED)-based optical communication is emerging as a promising low-power, low-cost, and high-data-rate alternative to acoustic communication for underwater applications. However, it requires a close-to-line-of-sight (LOS) link between the communicating parties.Achieving and maintaining the LOS is challenging due to the constant movement of underlying mobile platforms caused by propulsion and unwanted disturbances. In this dissertation, a novel, compact LED-based wireless communication system with active alignment control is presented that maintains the LOS despite the movement of the underlying platform. Multiple alignment control algorithms are developed for scenarios that range from a simple one-way two-dimensional (2D) setting to a practical three-dimensional (3D) bi-directional underwater setting. An extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based approach is first proposed to estimate the relative orientation between the heading angle and the LOS direction, which is subsequently used for alignment control. The EKF uses only the measurement of light intensity from a single photo-diode, where successive measurements are obtained via a scanning technique that ensures the full observability of the underlying system. The approach is first examined in a 2D setting, and then extended to the 3D scenario with improvements in both the hardware and the algorithm. The amplitude of the scanning is modulated according to the alignment performance to achieve a sound trade-off between estimation accuracy, signal strength, and energy consumption. The efficacy of the approach is tested and verified via simulation and on an experimental setup involving two robots with relative 3D motion. The EKF approach uses an assumption that the relative motion between the robots is small, and consequently, requires the communicating robots to take the scanning in an alternating fashion for the convergence of the estimator. An alternative approach, first explored in the 2D setting, is developed that allows simultaneous, bi-directional alignment control for both parties. Because of the convex nature of the measured intensity functions, model-free approaches, including both hill-climbing (HC) and extremum-seeking (ES), are explored. The hill-climbing approach is found to be superior to the ES approach in terms of convergence time and computational efficiency. Theoretical analysis is provided for the hill-climbing approach that guarantees finite time convergence to an $O(\delta)$ neighborhood of the LOS, for control step size $\delta$.Finally, a model-free approach for the 3D setting is proposed that maximizes light intensity based on three consecutive intensity measurements from an equilateral triangle configuration. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated experimentally, first with an underwater robot controlled by a joystick via LED communication and then with two robots performing bi-directional communication and tracking in an underwater setting.
Show less

Title: Alignment between intensity of risk and level of collaboration in partnered architecture, engineering and construction projects : a quantitative approach to test impacts on project performance outcomes
Creator: Kalbhor, Harshavardhan Vijay
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Risk is a typical characteristic of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects due to their inherent complexities. The intensity of such risk is influenced by factors such as the dynamic nature of project elements (e.g., fragmented multi-disciplinary project teams), interactions among these elements, and lack of clear project goals. Project management theory and practice both endorse that as the intensity of risk in a project increases, a higher level of collaboration among...
Show moreRisk is a typical characteristic of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects due to their inherent complexities. The intensity of such risk is influenced by factors such as the dynamic nature of project elements (e.g., fragmented multi-disciplinary project teams), interactions among these elements, and lack of clear project goals. Project management theory and practice both endorse that as the intensity of risk in a project increases, a higher level of collaboration among the multi-disciplinary project teams is desirable in order to achieve optimal project performance outcomes.To facilitate higher or improved level of collaboration among project teams, the AEC industry utilizes innovative project delivery methods (e.g., IPD), technologies (e.g., BIM), and practices (e.g., Lean Construction). Project Partnering is one such project delivery practice; adopting which, two or more organizations commit to harboring an environment of collaboration (e.g., effective communication, shared vision, goal alignment, trust) in a structured approach, with the intention of achieving optimum shared project performance goals (e.g., reduced costs, delays).Although both researchers and practitioners commonly recognize that collaboration is an effective risk management strategy, a theoretical gap exists in providing empirical reinforcement supporting this assertion. A part of this gap is due to the lack of a structured framework for investigating collaboration. Partnering fulfills this shortcoming and provides a structured framework to study collaboration analytically. Thus, partnered AEC projects are the focus and unit of analysis for this research.In addition, existing Partnering literature is largely qualitative and presents conceptual models, potential benefits to adopting Partnering, barriers to its adoption, critical success factors, and performance measurement and evaluation methods. Quantitative research in this domain is limited and has studied projects either coming largely from a single source of ownership (e.g., DOTs) or a particular project type (e.g., horizontal infrastructure projects) at a time. There is a need for evidence-based quantitative research that identifies specific factors linked to partnered-project success using data from a large and diversified sample of projects.Thus, the need for an empirical assessment of the association (denoted by the variable fit) between risk (specifically its intensity) and level of collaboration (via partnering practices in this study), and its impact on project performance prompted the undertaking of this study. Due to lack of pre-defined terminology to capture the association between risk intensity and partnering level, it was denoted in this study via an introduction of the variable 'fit'. The goal of the study is to investigate partnered AEC projects for the impact of the fit between their intensity of risk and adopted partnering level on their performance outcomes (e.g., cost, schedule). Accordingly, this study aims to answer the following research question: 'In partnered AEC projects, does the fit between risk intensity and level of partnering correlate with performance outcomes?' The hypothesis developed by the researcher is that 'In a partnered project, better the fit between the intensity of risk and adopted partnering level, better is its performance.' This study used an archival data-set containing details of 127 partnered projects from the United States completed between 2010 and 2018. Literature study followed by an exploratory data analysis was conducted to develop models to determine constructs of interest - risk intensity, partnering level and performance evaluation metrics, from AEC project characteristics. The models were validated via a survey; and are one of the outcomes of this study. Further, via content analysis, quantitative measures of these constructs were systematically coded from project details in the data set.The hypothesis of this study was tested separately for different performance outcome metrics (e.g., cost growth, schedule growth) via a quantitative approach of unsupervised statistical learning tests such as the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn Test for comparison of performance metric data as samples across the fit categories. The deliverable of this study are tools or models for risk intensity assessment and simultaneous determination of recommended level of partnering. The study was able to contribute to the body of knowledge of risk management via collaboration by providing empirical reinforcement to the association or lack of thereof between risk, collaboration and performance. Lastly, this study provides guidelines for best practices in Partnering contributing to effective risk management on AEC projects.
Show less

MSU Libraries

Digital Repository

Enabled Filters

Pages

Pages

MSU Libraries

Digital Repository

You are here

Search results

Pages

Pages