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Title
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Curative and rainfastness characteristics of insecticides used to control Spotted Wing Drosophila (Matsumura) in tart cherry productions
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Creator
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Andika, Ignatius Putra
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) (SWD) is an invasive pest originated from East Asia, which has caused devastating damaged to soft-skinned fruit productions globally and an increase of growers’ reliance on insecticide to meet market standards. However, the intensive use of insecticides raises community concerns regarding environmental health, human health, and the risk of SWD population to grow resistances. Therefore, exploring other activity modes of insecticides...
Show moreSpotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) (SWD) is an invasive pest originated from East Asia, which has caused devastating damaged to soft-skinned fruit productions globally and an increase of growers’ reliance on insecticide to meet market standards. However, the intensive use of insecticides raises community concerns regarding environmental health, human health, and the risk of SWD population to grow resistances. Therefore, exploring other activity modes of insecticides registered against SWD besides adulticide action may provide information to refine existing insecticide programs. The data from these experiments provide insight of the curative and rainfastness of insecticides registered against SWD in tart cherry productions. The residue data in these experiments compliment the biological data and provide better understanding on how these insecticides work against SWD.
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Title
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Developing activity data from remote sensing for REDD+ monitoring in tropical Miombo woodlands
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Creator
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Zelenak, Daniel J.
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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The country of Malawi is experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation in Africa. Of particular concern are the country's Miombo woodlands--a unique type of dry woodland that is made up from a mosaic of upper and lower canopy species. Miombo woodlands are threatened by expanding agriculture and demand for fuel wood, which is the primary energy source for the majority of Malawi's population. Efforts to map areas of Miombo degradation can be assisted by remote sensing technologies and...
Show moreThe country of Malawi is experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation in Africa. Of particular concern are the country's Miombo woodlands--a unique type of dry woodland that is made up from a mosaic of upper and lower canopy species. Miombo woodlands are threatened by expanding agriculture and demand for fuel wood, which is the primary energy source for the majority of Malawi's population. Efforts to map areas of Miombo degradation can be assisted by remote sensing technologies and data sets, which can be much more cost efficient than in-situ measurements. An effort was made to map the locations of deforestation and degradation of Malawi's Miombo woodlands by comparing time-series Landsat data. NDVI and fractional cover were used to quantify the presence of vegetation throughout time, and a change algorithm is used to identify areas of vegetation loss. This information can be used to develop activity data which guides REDD+ efforts in the country of Malawi.
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Title
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The effects of supplemental fatty acids on production and nutrient digestibility responses of lactating dairy cows
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Creator
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Western, Marin Marie
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Date
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2018
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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Addition of fat supplements to dairy rations is becoming more common due to the increases in milk yield and milk fat yield that have been observed. This thesis contains two studies that evaluated the effects of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (C18:1) acids in the form of commercially available supplements (C16:0 and C18:0-enriched) or as custom blends (C16:0 and C18:1) on lactating dairy cows. The first experiment used two commercially-available products enriched in either C16:0 ...
Show moreAddition of fat supplements to dairy rations is becoming more common due to the increases in milk yield and milk fat yield that have been observed. This thesis contains two studies that evaluated the effects of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (C18:1) acids in the form of commercially available supplements (C16:0 and C18:0-enriched) or as custom blends (C16:0 and C18:1) on lactating dairy cows. The first experiment used two commercially-available products enriched in either C16:0 (PA) or C18:0 (SA) supplied at 1.5% diet dry matter (DM) and a control diet with no added fat. Fat supplementation increased milk yield, but decreased total FA digestibility when compared to control. PA increased digestibility of total, 16- and 18-carbon FA as well as NDF digestibility, energy corrected milk (ECM), and milk fat yield when compared to SA. In the second experiment, the effect of differing ratios of C16:0 and C18:1 (fed at 1.5% diet DM) was determined using blends that consisted of 80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1 (80:10) or 60% C16:0 + 30% C18:1 (60:30) across a wide range in production level. Interactions between preliminary milk yield and treatment were observed for dry matter intake (DMI), and yields of ECM and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (3.5% FCM), indicating that higher producing cows responded better to the 60:30 and lower producing cows responded better to the 80:10. 60:30 increased digestibilities of total, 16- and 18- carbon FA compared with 80:10. Together, this work will provide information that can be used to guide feeding decisions to maximize performance and farm income while using commercial FA supplements.
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Title
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Modeling risk for intranasal, inhalation, and corneal exposures to opportunistic pathogens of concern in drinking water
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Creator
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Dean, Kara
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Date
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2019
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Collection
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Electronic Theses & Dissertations
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Description
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"This study developed dose response models for determining the probability of eye, respiratory or central nervous system infections from previously conducted studies using Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These opportunistic pathogens have been identified in drinking water and premise plumbing systems, and a lack of dose response models for the appropriate exposure routes of concern has prevented researchers from quantifying the risk they pose to human health....
Show more"This study developed dose response models for determining the probability of eye, respiratory or central nervous system infections from previously conducted studies using Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These opportunistic pathogens have been identified in drinking water and premise plumbing systems, and a lack of dose response models for the appropriate exposure routes of concern has prevented researchers from quantifying the risk they pose to human health. Using the newly developed dose response model for P. aeruginosa, a reverse quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was completed to determine the threshold concentrations of P. aeruginosa associated with an annual risk of 10-4 for corneal and inhalation exposures. The results indicated that an average concentration of 1 CFU/L in the bulk water could result in an annual risk greater than the guideline set by the Environmental Protection Agency. The threshold concentration responsible for a 10 -4 risk of pneumonia from P. aeruginosa was 11 orders of magnitude greater than the threshold concentration for bacterial keratitis. Modeling all possible exposure routes of concern for opportunistic pathogens in drinking water is critical, as the exposure route dramatically affects the concentrations of concern. This reverse QMRA and future risk assessments that utilize the dose response models developed in this study can be used to inform decisions on drinking water treatment, monitoring protocols, and future plumbing design."--Page ii.
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