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Title: Integration of planning, design, and construction to train 21st century urban professionals
Creator: Dalton, Robert
Date: 2016
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The built environment professions are struggling as budgets decrease and scope and importance increase. Attempting to save money, clients are turning to multidisciplinary offices for all-in-one service. Higher education can respond to these shifting trends by preparing the students for a growth mindset and openness to the ideas constructed by a team rather than an individual. Integrative learning may foster such minds. Integrative learning concerns the building of cognitive connections from...
Show moreThe built environment professions are struggling as budgets decrease and scope and importance increase. Attempting to save money, clients are turning to multidisciplinary offices for all-in-one service. Higher education can respond to these shifting trends by preparing the students for a growth mindset and openness to the ideas constructed by a team rather than an individual. Integrative learning may foster such minds. Integrative learning concerns the building of cognitive connections from one skill or piece of knowledge to the next. This study found cultural areas shared among professions as well as those distinct to one profession. These cultural attributes group into four categories: axiology, epistemology, methodology, and ontology. All professions rate learning (epistemology) the required skills best while they work in offices, rather than their time in higher education. Methodologies include the tasks accomplished to plan, design, and build a project and the tools used to do so. Each profession brings their own contributions to problem solving and uses varied software to accomplish their means. These contributions are highly related to the corresponding values (axiology), though mean ratings indicate a high value for a task even if it is not one’s own. The study concludes by assessing the products (ontology) that may be created by the professions most likely to work together. The teams coming together most often represent the professions of the exterior spaces, building and interior spaces, and the legal and real estate professions. Employers and educators alike may use this information to understand the differences among the professional cultures and how bridging these divides or allowing gaps to remain can impact the project delivery.
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Title: The perception of time waiting in theme park queue lines
Creator: Daniels, Ellen C.
Date: 2016
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing people’s perception of wait time in a theme park attraction queue (waiting line). Theme park designers can create a sense of suspended reality within the theme park to provide a positive perception and enhanced experience for their guests. This study presents an investigation to measure the suspended reality satisfaction in the design around the queue areas at Walt Disney World. This study attempts to determine if providing more...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing people’s perception of wait time in a theme park attraction queue (waiting line). Theme park designers can create a sense of suspended reality within the theme park to provide a positive perception and enhanced experience for their guests. This study presents an investigation to measure the suspended reality satisfaction in the design around the queue areas at Walt Disney World. This study attempts to determine if providing more suspended reality in the designed queue environment has an affect on guest perceptions of a shorter wait time than actual wait time. Using Friedman’s statistical test, the results show modest significance (P Value less than or equal to 0.025) between the design efforts and shorter wait times perceived. However, there is a relationship found between time of day and guest perception using Kendall’s statistical test that suggests that as the day goes on people perceive longer wait times (P Value less than or equal to 0.005). This paper provides proper insight for theme park operators to reduce the perceived time guests feel they waited as well as to improve customer satisfaction.
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Title: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CONTEMPORARY PLACE RELATED CONCEPTS IN URBAN PLANNING
Creator: Salmistu, Sirle
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Since the 1990s, planning theory has focused on the planning process and the engagement of stakeholders. With increasing technologies, attitudinal changes and transformations in lifestyles, new concepts and themes in planning profession seem to emerge at increasing frequencies. Most appear to evolve over a set of good planning principles that have withstood the test of time. Contemporary concepts usually have trendy labels such as New Urbanism, Livable Communities, Sustainable Cities, Smart...
Show moreSince the 1990s, planning theory has focused on the planning process and the engagement of stakeholders. With increasing technologies, attitudinal changes and transformations in lifestyles, new concepts and themes in planning profession seem to emerge at increasing frequencies. Most appear to evolve over a set of good planning principles that have withstood the test of time. Contemporary concepts usually have trendy labels such as New Urbanism, Livable Communities, Sustainable Cities, Smart Cities, Cool Cities and the latest trend of Placemaking. The overarching question that guides this research is what draws planners to continually redefine and market an age-old, fundamentally basic, concept of creating safe, comfortable and attractive places for people?The purpose of this research is to explore and understand the key characteristics of contemporary concepts in urban planning, through the lens of scholarship and theoretical literature and assess whether these concepts are impacting professional planning practice in Michigan. Hence, this dissertation explored answers to the following research questions: 1) How has professional language related to creating places for people evolved since 1990? 2) To what extent do emerging concepts in Urban Planning differ from one another? 3) What planning principles are targeted through contemporary planning concepts? 4) How often do practicing urban planners in Michigan use planning principles and contemporary concepts in their day to day work? and 5) Is there a gap between theory, as evidenced by the knowledge in scholarly literature, and practice within a Michigan context, as it relates to contemporary planning concepts? Methodology of grounded theory guided this research and qualitative research methods were employed. Content analysis of selected scholarly literature and a survey of practicing urban planners were conducted.Ten significant contemporary planning concepts were identified and explored within this study: Creative Cities, Healthy Cities, Livable Cities, New Urbanism, Placemaking, Resilient Cities, Safe Cities, Smart Cities, Smart Growth and Sustainable Cities. The findings from literature analysis demonstrate that each concept has different focus areas and nuances, however, there are also considerable similarities between concepts. A set of 20 planning principles were derived from the scholarly literature on the 10 contemporary concepts. The most pertinent planning principles are related to accessibility, transportation and mobility; citizen participation and collaboration; and green infrastructure. The survey of professional planners, on the other hand, revealed that the principles most often used in practice were considerably different. Only the principle of citizen participation and collaboration overlapped between theory and practice. The other most frequently used planning principles in practice are facilitation of public education and awareness, interdisciplinary collaboration and public-private partnerships and data driven planning. The survey of professionals also showed that the most frequently used contemporary concept is Placemaking, while some of the other popular concepts were Livable Cities, Sustainable Cities and Smart Growth. The gap between theory and practice is best illustrated by the fact that the planning principles most often used by practitioners were related to the least used concepts in practice, or the principles embodied in the most often used concepts were not cited as the most frequently used principles in practice. This suggests that practitioners may use the trendy concept label with little understanding of the premise or principles related to that particular concept. Interestingly, practitioners use planning principles far more frequently in describing their work than popular contemporary concepts. Furthermore, this research proves that the continuous occurrence and evolution of concepts appears to be more of a theoretical exercise and it is not planning practice that is driving the creation of trendy concepts. This two-stage research of examining the theory behind contemporary planning concepts and the survey aimed to reflect on professional planning practice clearly demonstrates the disconnect between planning scholarship and practice.
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Title: Railroad investment and the development of the Chicago region, 1850-1910
Creator: Lown, Cody
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "The purpose of this study is to examine railroad and streetcar development in the city of Chicago and its periphery, covering the years 1848 to 1910. The research explores how investment in rail during this period shaped suburban development and the expansion of the city. Data collection and mapping of railroad and streetcar lines in the Chicago region over these six decades emerges as a major component of this research. "--from the abstract.

Title: Learning impacts of cooperative and traditional internship experiences
Creator: Ling, Katie A.
Date: 2016
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The purpose of this study is to explore the unique learning experiences that occur during an internship and, in particular, cooperative and traditional internships. The cooperative internship is defined in this thesis as a learning community that serves real clients, achieves real deadlines, and completes real projects in an academic setting, offering direct support for students who participate. The traditional internship, for specific use in this study, is defined as on-the-job practical...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to explore the unique learning experiences that occur during an internship and, in particular, cooperative and traditional internships. The cooperative internship is defined in this thesis as a learning community that serves real clients, achieves real deadlines, and completes real projects in an academic setting, offering direct support for students who participate. The traditional internship, for specific use in this study, is defined as on-the-job practical experience and/or training. The hypothesis being tested is: Students who participate in a cooperative internship will acquire different soft skills than subjects who participate in a traditional internship program. The design of this study includes a voluntary video-recorded questionnaire and qualitative coding of the responses given by subjects being interviewed. All interviews conducted were coded for expressions of professional and personal development, derived from the subjects’ own articulated experiences. Open-ended responses were codified utilizing the Seven Soft Skill Clusters from the Comparative Analysis of Soft Skills (Crawford, et al., 2011) as framework for codification. Responses were analyzed to compare any expressions of advantages and personal development between students with cooperative experience and students with traditional internship experience. Findings suggest cooperative and traditional internship experiences yield different acquired soft skills.
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Title: Social capital and the built environment : a case study of public housing in Saginaw, Michigan
Creator: Vega, Zachary
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "This study builds off of the literature regarding the relatively new and popular theory of social capital to understand its relationship with the built environment. Social capital is best described as the accumulation of the perceived benefits that develop through interpersonal relationships and social networks. In this study, social capital is measured as trust in one's neighbors and one's perception of his or her neighborhood's cohesion. These social capital measures comprise the dependent...
Show more"This study builds off of the literature regarding the relatively new and popular theory of social capital to understand its relationship with the built environment. Social capital is best described as the accumulation of the perceived benefits that develop through interpersonal relationships and social networks. In this study, social capital is measured as trust in one's neighbors and one's perception of his or her neighborhood's cohesion. These social capital measures comprise the dependent variables. The independent variables include landscape factors such as housing type, median home values, Walk Score, vacancy, housing density, road conditions, blight/abandonment, junk piles/illegal dumping, street segment connectivity, street segment integration. The relationships between these landscape factors and social capital variables are discussed anecdotally and later tested using a linear regression model. This study finds no significant relationships between landscape factors and measures of social capital, although demographic controls such as access to a personal vehicle, education, employment status and income are found to have a significant relationship. However, regression analyses in this study are significant and indicate that landscape variables do account for around 20 percent of the variation in levels of social capital, though the effect of individual factors remains unclear. Therefore, the decisions of urban planners and landscape architects appear to contribute to the social connections of a place and future research should continue to estimate which factors play the greatest roles."--Page ii.
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Title: Correlating patterns in the urban landscape : biophilia and landscape configuration
Creator: Dietzel, Kimberly
Date: 2016
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: ABSTRACTCORRELATING PATTERNS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE:BIOPHILIA AND LANDSCAPE CONFIGURATIONBy Kimberly DietzelAs the demand for sustainability increases, innovators look towards natural ecology as a source for inspiration in the urban environment (Mostafavi 2010). Designers are attempting to identify connections between biomimicry, inspiration from nature, ecological design principles and biophilia, human beneficial connection and love of nature. This thesis aims to establish a relationship...
Show moreABSTRACTCORRELATING PATTERNS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE:BIOPHILIA AND LANDSCAPE CONFIGURATIONBy Kimberly DietzelAs the demand for sustainability increases, innovators look towards natural ecology as a source for inspiration in the urban environment (Mostafavi 2010). Designers are attempting to identify connections between biomimicry, inspiration from nature, ecological design principles and biophilia, human beneficial connection and love of nature. This thesis aims to establish a relationship between ecological principles of landscape configuration and biophilic patterns currently existing in urban areas. Focusing on existing public parks and plazas within five European cities, patterns of biophilia were correlated against landscape configuration characteristics and principal components were extracted. This statistical analysis attempts to explain the identified relationships between public spaces and natural patterns, as well as the conditions which are conducive to both human and biological life, biophilic patterns, and cultural appreciation for nature. The purpose of this comparison is: 1) to illustrate how natural features are visually, physically, and spatially portrayed in the current built environment and 2) promote integration of natural ecosystems into urban culture. Ultimately this study acts as an analysis of the biophilic functionality of urban public spaces in addition to a predictive model for a community driven sustainable urban environment. Can metaphorical design successfully integrate complex spatial landscape dynamics into the urban environment, for human and ecological benefit, through the development of a naturally functional urban ecosystem? What extent are these ecological patterns currently existing within the built environment?
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Title: Design thinking : exploring creativity in higher education
Creator: Bouchard, Janelle
Date: 2013
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: ABSTRACTDESIGN THINKING: EXPLORING CREATIVITY IN HIGHER EDUCATIONByJanelle BouchardThis study explored creativity strengths in higher education with design and non-design students and professionals at Michigan State University. Using a quantitative survey method, surveys were used to collect all data. A total of 50 surveys were collected and analyzed using the Torrance Test for Creative Thinking (TTCT) creative strengths and cross tabulation tests.The research looks at the definition of...
Show moreABSTRACTDESIGN THINKING: EXPLORING CREATIVITY IN HIGHER EDUCATIONByJanelle BouchardThis study explored creativity strengths in higher education with design and non-design students and professionals at Michigan State University. Using a quantitative survey method, surveys were used to collect all data. A total of 50 surveys were collected and analyzed using the Torrance Test for Creative Thinking (TTCT) creative strengths and cross tabulation tests.The research looks at the definition of design thinking, creativity in Landscape Architecture, social interactions, experiences and creativity testing. The variables investigated within this study, derived from the literature review, Jamie Maslyn (2002) case study, and the Torrance Test for Creative Thinking (TTCT). Results indicated some significant differences between the groups. Group 1 (design professionals) scored higher in the majority of creative strengths categories. Social interactions and experiences can influence your creative thinking and process of thinking. Movement/Action, one of the twelve creative strengths tested showed a significant difference for the participants who played youth sports.Little studies show creativity testing in higher education, this study suggests influences that enhance creativity strengths in individuals.
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Title: Assessing bikeway design alternatives : DALMAC route centeral Michigan case study
Creator: Li, Yinliang
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The objective of this thesis is to explore the differences and possibilities of bikeway design implemented with different treatments by examining the DALMAC bicycle camping tour. In the following steps, the thesis conducted series of analysis to select the final route by assessing three segments (Site A, Site B, and Site C) as study sites from DALMAC (b = 3). The investigation studied treatment including: 1) Existing Treatment, 2) Balance Treatment, 3) Extremely Safe Treatment, 4) Extremely...
Show moreThe objective of this thesis is to explore the differences and possibilities of bikeway design implemented with different treatments by examining the DALMAC bicycle camping tour. In the following steps, the thesis conducted series of analysis to select the final route by assessing three segments (Site A, Site B, and Site C) as study sites from DALMAC (b = 3). The investigation studied treatment including: 1) Existing Treatment, 2) Balance Treatment, 3) Extremely Safe Treatment, 4) Extremely Enjoyable Treatment, and 5) Extremely Environmental Treatment (k = 5). In order to test the differences among treatments statistically through Freidman Test of variances, there is a scoring criteria consisting of 30 questions. As a result, this data indicated that at least one treatment yield different values among all treatments (p ≤ 0.005 or p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, among all treatments across 3 sites, the Extremely Enjoyable Treatment statistically performed best (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, this thesis investigated the potential values of bicycle enjoyment for a specific segment of DALMAC route.
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Title: Green design principles of Shanghai Expo based on Wordle study of online perceptions
Creator: Lu, Yiwei
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: The Shanghai Expo is one of the largest Expo events in recent history, with 73 million visitors, 240 countries and regions participating, and about 7 billion dollars investment. Green design is the highlight of this event and its design elements are reflected in many perspectives all over the fair, such as site plan, pavilion construction, and landscape design. This study explores the perceptions of Shanghai Expo relating to green design and planning by applying media resources-- blogs and...
Show moreThe Shanghai Expo is one of the largest Expo events in recent history, with 73 million visitors, 240 countries and regions participating, and about 7 billion dollars investment. Green design is the highlight of this event and its design elements are reflected in many perspectives all over the fair, such as site plan, pavilion construction, and landscape design. This study explores the perceptions of Shanghai Expo relating to green design and planning by applying media resources-- blogs and three major newspapers, and visual analysis tool--Wordle. The analysis reveals the role of expos in society and how people perceive and experience them. Issues related to the green landscape design guidelines and principles for mega-events are discussed.
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Title: Validating a visual quality prediction map of southern Michigan
Creator: Jin, Yuemin
Date: 2012
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Investigators are seeking methods to predict and assess the visual quality of environments. In this study I employ an equation (Burley, 1997) which predicts visual quality to create a visual quality map of southern Michigan and then text to determine the map's reliability. Through Kendall's coefficient of concordance statistical test, I determined that the map is significantly reliable (p<0.01) and conclude that it is possible to construct reliable visual quality maps.

Title: Natural landscaping, a comparison of design treatments in a surface mine setting
Creator: Wang, Lishuang
Date: 2013
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Planners, designers, scientists, and citizens are interested in rehabilitation, reclamation and protection of the post-mining environment. Consequently, a fair amount of research from scholars is focused on the technical aspects concerning the revegetation of the landscape and the science of reclamation; while only a small portion of the literature concerns planning and design. In this thesis, a case study in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan is used to explore post-ming treatments: abandoned...
Show morePlanners, designers, scientists, and citizens are interested in rehabilitation, reclamation and protection of the post-mining environment. Consequently, a fair amount of research from scholars is focused on the technical aspects concerning the revegetation of the landscape and the science of reclamation; while only a small portion of the literature concerns planning and design. In this thesis, a case study in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan is used to explore post-ming treatments: abandoned mine, resort development. a super hotel resot, and natural vegetation communities. The treatments (k=4) were evaluated with an environmental quality measure upon 10 images from each treatment (b=10). The results indicated that the resort and the natural community were best treatments, significantly better than the abandoned mine treatment (p<0.05). The super hotel was ranked as the third, which is less preferred than the two best treatments, but much better than the abandoned mine treatment (p<0.05). By identifying difference between each treatment, the results shows people have preference for natural environment and natural landscape is beautiful in their views.
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Title: A cluster analysis comparison of classical Chinese gardens with modern Chinese gardens
Creator: Xu, Yiwen
Date: 2015
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Garden designers and scholars are interested in the differences and similarities between traditional design and modern designs. This investigation examines the similarities and differences of classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens. The comparison is accomplished by ordinating the design elements and basic principles for each garden. Three classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China and five modern gardens in Xiamen, Fujian, China were selected to study. A mathematical...
Show moreGarden designers and scholars are interested in the differences and similarities between traditional design and modern designs. This investigation examines the similarities and differences of classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens. The comparison is accomplished by ordinating the design elements and basic principles for each garden. Three classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China and five modern gardens in Xiamen, Fujian, China were selected to study. A mathematical method called Cluster Analysis was applied in this research. The objective of this method is to group selected gardens based on the Principal Component Analysis and determine the relationships among these three classical Chinese gardens and five modern Chinese gardens. Seventy-five variables were selected from literature review and site photos. According to the result of Principal Component Analysis, the eigenvalues represent seven meaningful dimensions can be used for analysis. Since the plot of the scores on the first two principal components can reveal a clear pattern of clusters already, this research will focus on studying the first two principal components for the garden comparison. The results indicate that the first principal component can be a way to identify the difference between classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens. The second principal component indicates the modern gardens can be grouped into two different categories.
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Title: Predicting aquatic phosphorus levels : a southeast Michigan case study
Creator: Wang, Mingzhao
Date: 2014
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "This study examined four approaches to managing phosphorus: the first two approaches utilize bioswale and bioretention separately to treat stormwater runoff; [the] third approach applies bioswale and constructed wetland (in a series) to purify stormwater; and [the] fourth approach utilize[s] bioretention and constructed wetland (in a series) to clean stormwater. Results of these approaches showed that ... best management practices (BMPs) in a series worked incredibly better than single BMPs....
Show more"This study examined four approaches to managing phosphorus: the first two approaches utilize bioswale and bioretention separately to treat stormwater runoff; [the] third approach applies bioswale and constructed wetland (in a series) to purify stormwater; and [the] fourth approach utilize[s] bioretention and constructed wetland (in a series) to clean stormwater. Results of these approaches showed that ... best management practices (BMPs) in a series worked incredibly better than single BMPs."--from abstract.
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Title: A cluster analysis comparison of selected traditional Japanese gardens, classical Chinese gardens and modern Chinese gardens
Creator: Chen, Dexin
Date: 2018
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "Cluster analysis is a useful mathematical method that has been used to examine the differences or similarities between gardens (Xu Y. , 2015). This investigation aims to test the differences and similarities between traditional Japanese gardens in Kyoto, the classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, and the modern Chinese gardens in Xiamen, by comparing the design elements and design principles of the gardens. A hundred and thirty-four variables are selected based upon a literature review and the...
Show more"Cluster analysis is a useful mathematical method that has been used to examine the differences or similarities between gardens (Xu Y. , 2015). This investigation aims to test the differences and similarities between traditional Japanese gardens in Kyoto, the classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, and the modern Chinese gardens in Xiamen, by comparing the design elements and design principles of the gardens. A hundred and thirty-four variables are selected based upon a literature review and the author's personal experience in Kyoto, where the first seventy-five variables are adopted from earlier garden research by Yiwen Xu (Xu Y. , 2015). After collecting the variables and applying the Principal Component Analysis by the software SAS, a group of corresponding eigenvalues are generated. According to the Principal Component Analysis, the first two principal components covered 63.81 percent of the sample variance. The first and second principal component together divided the gardens into three groups: the first principal component indicated similarities between the traditional Japanese gardens and classical Chinese gardens; the second principal component indicated similarities between traditional Japanese gardens and modern Chinese gardens. Therefore, the final result is a group of three two-dimensional scatter graphs, where each point represents a garden's character on two coordinate axes, and the dimensions are generated from the meaningful eigenvalues."--Page ii.
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Title: Context sensitive design : a non-transportation example in Michigan
Creator: Wang, Yun
Date: 2012
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: In recent decades, the conflict between environmental degradation and development of human society is has been exacerbated. This situation engages planners and designers to minimize the negative human impact, protect and create a healthy ecosystem, reclaim degraded environments while also encouraging a healthy business and cultural climate. Context sensitive design is a philosophy which can help foster such an approach accommodating environmental issues and striking a balance between...
Show moreIn recent decades, the conflict between environmental degradation and development of human society is has been exacerbated. This situation engages planners and designers to minimize the negative human impact, protect and create a healthy ecosystem, reclaim degraded environments while also encouraging a healthy business and cultural climate. Context sensitive design is a philosophy which can help foster such an approach accommodating environmental issues and striking a balance between stakeholders to create an environmental friendly project. In this study, I applied a Context Sensitive Design philosophy for a Ski Resort project in Michigan. I evaluated and compare the Context Sensitive Design project outcomes with three other design solutions/treatments: a Housing Unit design using Le Corbusier's theory for structures, a Forested Woodland Community and an Abandoned Surface Mine condition. To compare the project treatments, I employed a visual quality equation, two habitat models, surface water runoff, and a vegetation diversity index. The statistical results indicated that the Forested Woodland Community was significantly better than the Abandoned Surface Mine condition, but the other treatments were not significantly different from each other.
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Title: Spatial mitigation treatments : Wenchuan Earthquake case study
Creator: Feng, Mengwen
Date: 2013
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Planners, designers, government officials and citizens are interested in creating safe environments, such as in mitigating the effects of earthquakes. In this investigation, various landscapes associated with the Wenchuan earthquake in China are examined to assess environmental safety. -- Abstract.

Title: A cluster analysis comparison of garden activities in classical Chinese gardens and American gardens
Creator: Wang, Xiaoyi (Graduate of Michigan State University)
Date: 2019
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Activities that occurred in Chinese classical gardens and American gardens are an important part of their traditional culture. The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese classical gardens and American gardens. Six classical Chinese gardens in China and five American gardens in the United States were selected to test. Eighty-five possible activities were selected based on site visits and from historical documents. A method named principal component...
Show moreActivities that occurred in Chinese classical gardens and American gardens are an important part of their traditional culture. The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese classical gardens and American gardens. Six classical Chinese gardens in China and five American gardens in the United States were selected to test. Eighty-five possible activities were selected based on site visits and from historical documents. A method named principal component analysis with plots was applied to this research. After applying the variables into the software SAS, a number of eigenvalues were generated, and the first three eigenvalues representing almost 75% of the variance were used for further analysis. The result shows a distinctive difference between Chinese garden and American garden. The first principal component indicates the major element that differ the Chinese garden and American garden, with activities occurred only in Chinese gardens such as literati gathering, writing calligraphy, and examine antiques; and activities occurred only in American gardens such as barbecuing, making bonfires, and playing ball games. The second and third principal components explained the difference between Chinese gardens, which varies primarily because of the garden owner's lifestyle.
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Title: An introduction to temporary-use : strategic planning in the interim
Creator: Earls, Matthew
Date: 2011
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Berlin with its numerous vacant buildings and properties has become an urban laboratory. It is a world with limited planning. With the market economy withdrawn from the numerous wastelands which dot the city, seemingly functionless spaces have become the staging ground for a number of unexpected activities. Freed from the restrictions of traditional social rules and organizations, these spaces have developed a tremendous range of uses. These are places of inventions and of start-up companies....
Show moreBerlin with its numerous vacant buildings and properties has become an urban laboratory. It is a world with limited planning. With the market economy withdrawn from the numerous wastelands which dot the city, seemingly functionless spaces have become the staging ground for a number of unexpected activities. Freed from the restrictions of traditional social rules and organizations, these spaces have developed a tremendous range of uses. These are places of inventions and of start-up companies. While temporary-use is not a cure-all to the problem of urban decay, it may nonetheless prove extremely beneficial to cities in filling "holes" in the urban fabric and cultivating innovation
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Title: The built environment, travel patterns and environmental burdens : a study of six neighborhoods in the Detroit, Michigan region
Creator: Kotval-Karamchandani, Zeenat
Date: 2013
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: "This study explores how the socio-economic composition of residents impacts travel patterns and environmental burdens within six neighborhoods in the Detroit, Michigan region."--From abstract.

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