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Title: THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC TOYS ON THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF LINGUISTIC INPUT PROVIDED BY PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Creator: Sturman, Mackenzie
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Although electronic toys have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade, recent studies show that these toys may decrease the linguistic quality of parent utterances in typically developing (TD) children. However, there is little evidence to support the impact these toys may have on parent-child interactions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may also exhibit difficulty processing language in noise and may show delays in language development. To address this...
Show moreAlthough electronic toys have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade, recent studies show that these toys may decrease the linguistic quality of parent utterances in typically developing (TD) children. However, there is little evidence to support the impact these toys may have on parent-child interactions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may also exhibit difficulty processing language in noise and may show delays in language development. To address this current gap in knowledge, the current study investigated parent-child interactions during two, 10-minute, play sessions with 14 children with ASD (2-4 years old) and their parents. One session utilized traditional toys, and the other utilized electronic toys (counterbalanced across participants). Overall, play with electronic toys resulted in lower linguistic quality of parental language input, including a significant difference in unique word roots per minute, pause time, number of words per minute, and auditory overlap. Parent grammatical complexity and number of total words did not significantly differ between toy types. This shows that traditional toys may be more beneficial to child language development and suggests that electronic toy play may elicit lower quality language input from parents of children with ASD.
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Title: Certainty Ratings of Lexical Knowledge on Vocabulary Checklists for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creator: Hanania, Alexandra
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display language deficits, making it difficult to assess linguistic knowledge using standardized assessments. Parent report measures, such as vocabulary checklists, are commonly used across settings. While current parent measures do not capture data regarding parents’ certainty about their judgments, this insight may be informative. The current study examined the use of a custom parent vocabulary checklist to assess parent certainty of their...
Show moreChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display language deficits, making it difficult to assess linguistic knowledge using standardized assessments. Parent report measures, such as vocabulary checklists, are commonly used across settings. While current parent measures do not capture data regarding parents’ certainty about their judgments, this insight may be informative. The current study examined the use of a custom parent vocabulary checklist to assess parent certainty of their responses regarding their child’s vocabulary knowledge. The participants were children with ASD and typically developing children (TD) of similar ages. In addition to answering whether their child says and understands a word, understands, or neither, parents were also asked to rate the certainty of their judgment about each word, with response choices ranging from Very Uncertain to Very Certain. Parents of TD children reported higher levels of certainty than parents of children with ASD. Within the ASD group, certainty ratings were higher for words classified as “Understands and Says” than for words classified as “Understands” or “Neither”. Certainty ratings varied substantially across children with ASD.
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Title: The SF Worlding of the Alt-Right : Conspiracy, Sabotage, and Fatal Misreadings
Creator: Crawford, Lauren
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This thesis argues that the science-fictional genesis of the term “red pill,” along with multiple other instances of science-fictional poaching and misreading, insists upon a thorough troubling of the ways in which the genre and its fandoms have been weaponized as recruitment tools for alt-right and white nationalist rhetoric and ideology. The terms itself, deriving from the 1999 cyberpunk film The Matrix, implies that its taker chooses to undergo an intellectual, and, more importantly,...
Show moreThis thesis argues that the science-fictional genesis of the term “red pill,” along with multiple other instances of science-fictional poaching and misreading, insists upon a thorough troubling of the ways in which the genre and its fandoms have been weaponized as recruitment tools for alt-right and white nationalist rhetoric and ideology. The terms itself, deriving from the 1999 cyberpunk film The Matrix, implies that its taker chooses to undergo an intellectual, and, more importantly, ideological transformation, one which exposes the “truth” of the real world. Despite the film’s progressive and at-times radical philosophy, the alt-right and similar digital-born reactionary groups have harnessed the hacker-hero archetype as a means of what I call “subcultural infiltration,” using it and other science-fictional works to disseminate and propagate misogynistic, xenophobic, and racist ideology. In this thesis, I interrogate this methodology by examining three key components—idealization, initiation, and imitation—used to curry favor with and build affinity in SF fandoms, thereby indoctrinating and recruiting members to the white nationalist cause. Acknowledging this process, I argue, is vital to abnegating its lethal influence.
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Title: PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH DISPARITIES BETWEEN MIGRANT AND NON-MIGRANT FAMILIES : THE CASE OF DEARBORN, MICHIGAN
Creator: Maaita, Marah
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Studies have shown that cultural changes can positively or negatively affect psychological, behavioral, and physical outcomes when different cultures come into continuous contact (Amer, 2007; Berry, 2992; Leopoldo, 2003). Most of the changes occur in the non-dominant group (migrants) due to the settlement in the dominant sub-group society (Berry, 1992). The majority of research done in the United States and North America has focused on these changes for larger immigrant and minority groups...
Show moreStudies have shown that cultural changes can positively or negatively affect psychological, behavioral, and physical outcomes when different cultures come into continuous contact (Amer, 2007; Berry, 2992; Leopoldo, 2003). Most of the changes occur in the non-dominant group (migrants) due to the settlement in the dominant sub-group society (Berry, 1992). The majority of research done in the United States and North America has focused on these changes for larger immigrant and minority groups such as Hispanics/Latinos and Asians (Amer, 2007; Gerber, 2011). However, in the United States, there is sub-group that is largely understudied, resulting in misunderstood data in mental and physical health: Arab Americans (Abuelezam, 2018; Amer, 2007) In fact, in the U.S. census, Arab American’s in the U.S. are categorized as “Caucasians or Whites”. This discrepancy leads to an oversight of a minority sub-group’s health problems and omits them from receiving proper social services and healthcare (Amer, 2007; Bertran, 2017). Using an online survey instrument, this study assessed mental health disparities and behavioral habits before, and since COVID-19 restrictions, and physical health disparities for 3xx residents in Dearborn, MI. Through inferential statistics and logistic regressions, results indicate that Middle Easterners experience higher mental health problems, are less likely to have healthcare coverage, have lower annual incomes, and lower educational attainment than non-Middle Easterners.
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Title: NONWORD REPETITION TASK PERFORMANCE IN PRESCHOOLERS WHO STUTTER
Creator: Novelli, Alexis
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Research reveals that children who stutter (CWS) complete nonword repetition tasks(NRTs) with poorer accuracy compared to children who do not stutter (CWNS). The primary aim of this study was to examine the contribution of phonological abilities to NRT performance accuracy in CWS. The second aim of this study was to assess error characteristics, specifically the location of errors on the longest nonword, to determine if error profiles differentiated children in each of the groups. We examined...
Show moreResearch reveals that children who stutter (CWS) complete nonword repetition tasks(NRTs) with poorer accuracy compared to children who do not stutter (CWNS). The primary aim of this study was to examine the contribution of phonological abilities to NRT performance accuracy in CWS. The second aim of this study was to assess error characteristics, specifically the location of errors on the longest nonword, to determine if error profiles differentiated children in each of the groups. We examined NRT scores from 54 preschoolers (35 CWS and 19 CWNS). CWS were then placed into different groups based on phonological abilities: CWS with speech sound disorders (CWS+SSD) and CWS with typical speech sounds (CWS+TSS). On average, CWS+SSD had significantly higher error rates than CWS+TSS and CWNS on each of the four nonwords. Children in all groups made the highest number of errors on the 4-syllable nonwords. Errors committed on all four syllables of NW 4 predicted membership into CWS+SSD group, while error rates on the first syllable also predicted membership into CWS+TSS group. Comparing performance among all groups revealed that having a concomitant SSD played a significant role in poorer NRT performance in the subgroup of CWS. Errors committed on the 4-syllable nonwords also revealed subtle differences in phonological working memory strategies between CWS and CWNS. Taken together, these findings help shed light on poorer NRT performance in stuttering and enhance generalization of findings to populations of CWS with a range of phonological abilities.
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Title: WEED CONTROL AND TANK-MIX INTERACTIONS IN SOYBEAN RESISTANT TO DICAMBA, GLYPHOSATE, AND GLUFOSINATE
Creator: Constine, Adam Louis
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: XtendFlex® soybean is a new trait platform which confers resistance to three herbicide sites of action that include the active ingredients dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate. The ability to use these three herbicides in one system has generated new management questions. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to: 1) investigate weed control systems in conventional and no-tillage XtendFlex® soybean, and 2) identify any antagonistic or synergistic responses from...
Show moreXtendFlex® soybean is a new trait platform which confers resistance to three herbicide sites of action that include the active ingredients dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate. The ability to use these three herbicides in one system has generated new management questions. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to: 1) investigate weed control systems in conventional and no-tillage XtendFlex® soybean, and 2) identify any antagonistic or synergistic responses from herbicide-tank mixtures used in this system. Control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp was optimized with PRE flumioxazin followed by (fb) POST glufosinate or dicamba alone or in combination with each other or glyphosate. Two-pass POST systems also controlled GR waterhemp as long as dicamba and/or glufosinate was used in each application. GR horseweed control was exceptional with all herbicide programs evaluated, except glyphosate alone EPOS or POST. Annual grass control was reduced with EPOS and POST glufosinate + dicamba tank-mixtures. In contrast, this combination was often additive or synergistic for both broadleaf and grass weed control in the greenhouse. Several glyphosate + glufosinate combinations were antagonistic, especially with broadleaf weeds. Dicamba + glyphosate was often antagonistic in the greenhouse but was additive or synergistic for GR waterhemp and GR horseweed control in the field. Antagonisms were often observed when all three herbicides were applied together; however, not all antagonisms resulted in poor control. This research provides growers insight into management strategies for various agronomically important weeds in XtendFlex® soybean.
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Title: USING MULTIPLE EXEMPLAR INSTRUCTION TO TEACH EMOTION RECOGNITION WITHIN CONTEXT TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Creator: Germann, Allison
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Understanding other’s emotions in varying contexts is critical for being able to socialize and build relationships with others. Contextually relevant emotion identification is a clear deficit area for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and results in difficulties building positive social relationships. The present study examined the effectiveness of using multiple exemplar instruction to teach pre-school children with ASD to recognize emotions across varying contexts. Video-based...
Show moreUnderstanding other’s emotions in varying contexts is critical for being able to socialize and build relationships with others. Contextually relevant emotion identification is a clear deficit area for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and results in difficulties building positive social relationships. The present study examined the effectiveness of using multiple exemplar instruction to teach pre-school children with ASD to recognize emotions across varying contexts. Video-based scenarios were used with paired emotional responses to differentiate situations of context. The results of the study demonstrated an increase in participants ability to label contexts and emotions of video-based scenarios. Participants also generalized the skill to untrained video scenarios. These findings support the use of multiple exemplar instruction as an effective strategy to teach children to label other’s emotions. Successful learning of such skills will further the field’s approach in its effective teaching modalities of social skill acquisition, and help children engage in positive peer relationships at an early age.
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Title: Evaluating the Impact of Weed Competition and Water Stress on Corn Hybrids with Differing Drought Tolerance
Creator: Rumler, Allyson Maureen
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Water stress and weed competition are critical stressors during corn (Zea mays L.) development. Genetic improvements in corn have resulted in hybrids with greater abiotic stress tolerance; however, drought remains problematic. Therefore, with the expected change in precipitation throughout the Great Lakes Region, field (2019-2020) and greenhouse studies (February-April 2020) were conducted in East Lansing, MI to: 1) evaluate weed competition and water stress impacts on drought tolerant (DT)...
Show moreWater stress and weed competition are critical stressors during corn (Zea mays L.) development. Genetic improvements in corn have resulted in hybrids with greater abiotic stress tolerance; however, drought remains problematic. Therefore, with the expected change in precipitation throughout the Great Lakes Region, field (2019-2020) and greenhouse studies (February-April 2020) were conducted in East Lansing, MI to: 1) evaluate weed competition and water stress impacts on drought tolerant (DT) corn hybrid performance and 2) assess water stress and weed competition impacts on weed community composition and corn hybrid performance. In the field study, weed densities were lower under reduced precipitation and the communities were more diverse. As weed density increased, there was no difference in the rate of yield loss between drought sensitive (DS) hybrid under ambient or reduced precipitation. In contrast, as weed density increased the rate of yield loss was 1.8 times greater for DT hybrid grown under ambient precipitation compared to DT hybrid grown under reduced precipitation. Furthermore, as weed density increased the rate of yield loss was 1.3 times greater for DS hybrid grown under ambient precipitation compared to DT hybrid grown under reduced precipitation. There was no difference in the rate of yield loss as weed competition increased between DT and DS hybrid grown under ambient precipitation and DT and DS hybrid grown under reduced precipitation. Results from the greenhouse study confirm field study results. Overall, results demonstrate that reduced precipitation and increasing weed pressure decreases corn yield and impacts weed species diversity and evenness. Ultimately, integrated weed management will need to adapt to these changes for continued success under future climate scenarios.
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Title: Understanding Acceptability Judgements : Grammatical Knowledge vs. Lexical Search
Creator: Grachek, Darby
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: In this thesis, the source of gradience in acceptability judgments is discussed (Scholes 1966) and a set of experiments is performed which attempt to attribute gradience more concretely to either phonotactic knowledge or lexical knowledge. Two phonotactic acceptability judgment tasks are implemented to better understand whether reaction time can lessen the influence of lexical information on phonotactic acceptability judgments. Following results from Fox (1984) which show weaker influence...
Show moreIn this thesis, the source of gradience in acceptability judgments is discussed (Scholes 1966) and a set of experiments is performed which attempt to attribute gradience more concretely to either phonotactic knowledge or lexical knowledge. Two phonotactic acceptability judgment tasks are implemented to better understand whether reaction time can lessen the influence of lexical information on phonotactic acceptability judgments. Following results from Fox (1984) which show weaker influence from lexical information when less response time is allowed, I hypothesize that phonotactic information should be immediately accessible for participants, but that a lexical search takes more time to perform. In turn, an acceptability judgment task which allots less response time to participants should result in less influence from lexical information in their responses. By comparing the resulting participant judgments to gradient and categorical language models, I show that lexical access is still present at early reaction times, meaning reaction time was not useful in removing the influence of lexical information from phonotactic acceptability judgments in this set of experiments. This prompts a discussion of other possible models which can feasibly be used to understand these judgments and the source of their gradience.
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Title: ASSESSING IRRIGATION TRENDS IN THE HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER REGION : COMPARING IRRIGATION TRENDS AND MAPPING EFFICIENT IRRIGATION USE
Creator: Brady, Allyson Jane
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Irrigation is the primary consumptive user of water globally. Most of the land across the High Plains region in the United States is used for farming. Although irrigation is vital to prospering agricultural production, many states in the region only collect information about where, when, and how irrigation is implemented on coarse spatial levels through self-reported surveys. Recently, efforts have been made to further quantify irrigation through the classification of satellite imagery. Here,...
Show moreIrrigation is the primary consumptive user of water globally. Most of the land across the High Plains region in the United States is used for farming. Although irrigation is vital to prospering agricultural production, many states in the region only collect information about where, when, and how irrigation is implemented on coarse spatial levels through self-reported surveys. Recently, efforts have been made to further quantify irrigation through the classification of satellite imagery. Here, we address the differences and similarities between three most used reports of irrigation nationwide and one high resolution remotely sensed irrigation dataset (Deines et al., 2019) by applying fundamental statistical analyses to assess irrigation trends through time and to understand how they are impacted by outside drivers. We then address the unknown question of how farms are irrigated by creating a farm-level dataset of efficient sprinkler irrigation adoption across the High Plains Aquifer region from 1990 to 2012. We apply a change point detection method across the region followed by a significance filter to identify characteristic changes in irrigation patterns that are likely associated with the adoption of efficient sprinkler irrigation systems. A validation of adoption decisions showed 87% accuracy on the farm-level in Kansas, which is the only state where validation data is readily available at the scale of individual points of diversion. Irrigation adoption trends are sufficiently identified through this method. Although limitations exist, these joint methods have excellent potential to further improve our knowledge of irrigation practices on a regional level to better inform decision-making and move towards sustainable farming practices.
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Title: AN EXAMINATION OF HOW SO-YOUNG INTERNATIONAL INC., USES WECHAT TO PROMOTE COSMETIC SURGERY
Creator: Wang, Binbin
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: In the Chinese cosmetic surgery marketplace, advertisements are used to promote unrealistic beauty standards. The popularization of a variety of social media platforms has made it possible for such advertisements to proliferate more quickly. Rarely do these messages address potential risks and complications associated with cosmetic surgery. This practice makes it challenging for consumers in general and for adolescents in particular, to examine the range of variables that should be considered...
Show moreIn the Chinese cosmetic surgery marketplace, advertisements are used to promote unrealistic beauty standards. The popularization of a variety of social media platforms has made it possible for such advertisements to proliferate more quickly. Rarely do these messages address potential risks and complications associated with cosmetic surgery. This practice makes it challenging for consumers in general and for adolescents in particular, to examine the range of variables that should be considered before scheduling, often irreversible, cosmetic surgery procedures. This pilot study examined patterns of covert advertising on So-Young International Inc.’s WeChat posts. Guided by the heuristic-systematic model, social comparison theory and objectification theory, a latent content analysis was conducted and four elements were determined as reoccurring components among the posts. A random sample of 267 articles were then selected from 60 days during the period from 2015 to 2019, to test the present elements in relationship to readers’ engagement level. Findings revealed that readers engaged more with posts that featured fewer elements. Additionally, those who followed So-Young’s official WeChat account more often clicked “like” or “wow” when there was an entertainment appeal. The results also provide insights regarding how adolescents may be targeted through covert advertisements.
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Title: YOUTH PERSPECTIVES ON FULL-SERVICE COMMUNITY SCHOOLING
Creator: Castro, Kristofer Malulani
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Despite the national standards for the implementation of full-service community schooling require the inclusion of youth participation in the decision-making and communication of these initiatives, few studies have solicited these key perspectives. The current study used focus groups to solicit youth perspectives on full-service community schooling initiatives being implemented in the schools they attended. Students were recruited from schools participating in the early years of a full...
Show moreDespite the national standards for the implementation of full-service community schooling require the inclusion of youth participation in the decision-making and communication of these initiatives, few studies have solicited these key perspectives. The current study used focus groups to solicit youth perspectives on full-service community schooling initiatives being implemented in the schools they attended. Students were recruited from schools participating in the early years of a full-service community schooling initiative. Students were separated into focus groups based on the school they were recruited from. The questions I sought to answer through this study were: 1.) what does full-service community schooling mean to students; 2.) what characteristics of full-service community schooling do youth enjoy (and not enjoy); 3.) how, if at all, has full-service community schooling changed the lives of youth; and 4.) what factors salient to youth does full-service community schooling fail to address? Analyzing the transcripts from the focus group using Marshall and Rossman’s (1995) interrater qualitative approach produced 35 themes grouped into ten analytical categories that were then further reduced into four higher order content groupings. I discuss the manner in which these findings elucidate how youth understand the scope, benefits, and issues with full-service community schooling. Furthermore, I discuss, the implications of these findings for the future practice of and research on youth voice in the planning and design of full-service community schooling.
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Title: What’s Behind the Impact : A Case Study of a Chinese Photojournalist’s Environmental Reporting
Creator: Du, Weiting
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: This thesis examines three environmental stories written and photographed by Chinese photojournalist Chen Jie and employs a critical qualitative analysis to research them and present their impact, including government actions and public engagement. Eventually, this thesis explores why these stories received a different response. This thesis is vital for understanding how environmental journalism gained impact in China, which is an under-researched topic. It examines and displays the selected...
Show moreThis thesis examines three environmental stories written and photographed by Chinese photojournalist Chen Jie and employs a critical qualitative analysis to research them and present their impact, including government actions and public engagement. Eventually, this thesis explores why these stories received a different response. This thesis is vital for understanding how environmental journalism gained impact in China, which is an under-researched topic. It examines and displays the selected stories and their different impact based on public information and an interview with Chen Jie. A set of assumptions that describes the context of environmental reporting in China was organized to situate this thesis’s arguments. Results suggest that the impact of an environmental photo story published during 2014-2015 in China is mainly influenced by four factors, the story and its publisher, public engagement, government engagement, and timing; the importance of the four factors ascends by order of precedence.
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Title: SOIL SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AND CULTIVAR CHOICE AFFECT MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL EFFICACY IN ORGANIC VEGETABLES
Creator: Priddy, Daniel Muphey
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Seed bed preparation and soil management history are thought to have a large impact on the efficacy of mechanical cultivation, but limited information is available on the mechanisms of these effects. In field trials, we tested how pre-plant bed preparation, historic compost use, and molasses applications affected soil surface characteristics and the efficacy of flextine cultivation. Contrary to expectations, historic compost and molasses application had little or no effect on the efficacy of...
Show moreSeed bed preparation and soil management history are thought to have a large impact on the efficacy of mechanical cultivation, but limited information is available on the mechanisms of these effects. In field trials, we tested how pre-plant bed preparation, historic compost use, and molasses applications affected soil surface characteristics and the efficacy of flextine cultivation. Contrary to expectations, historic compost and molasses application had little or no effect on the efficacy of flextine cultivation, and rolling beds prior to planting reduced flextine efficacy. Rolling beds resulted in lower soil surface roughness, but also increased soil penetrometer resistance, which was associated with reduced efficacy of cultivation. These surprising results highlight the importance of characterization of soil conditions in cultivation research. Table beets (Beta vulgaris) are among the most challenging crops to mechanically cultivate. Four beet cultivars were evaluated for their tolerance to deep planting and mechanical cultivation as well as their competitiveness with escaped weeds. Results suggest that 1) deep planting to delay emergence may improve success with stale seedbedding for some cultivars, but that results are inconsistent under field conditions; 2) adoption of cultivars with greater tolerance to mechanical cultivation and greater competitiveness with weeds can improve weed management success in table beets.
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Title: WATERFOWL USE AND HUNTER SUCCESS ON MANAGED WATERFOWL AREAS IN MICHIGAN
Creator: McClinton III, Herman David
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Michigan is located at the center of the Great Lakes Region that supports more than 3 million autumn waterfowl migrants annually. Beginning in the 1940s and 1950s, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS, hereafter) began consolidating large wetland complexes in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Since the 1970s, Michigan DNR and USFWS staff have maintained records on autumn waterfowl use, as well as harvest associated with managed...
Show moreMichigan is located at the center of the Great Lakes Region that supports more than 3 million autumn waterfowl migrants annually. Beginning in the 1940s and 1950s, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS, hereafter) began consolidating large wetland complexes in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Since the 1970s, Michigan DNR and USFWS staff have maintained records on autumn waterfowl use, as well as harvest associated with managed hunting programs. I analyzed archived count data in conjunction with various measures of climate, weather, hydrology, and stock. I determined that the total number of ducks that these areas support in a given year have largely been in decline since the early 1990s. I analyzed timings of species-specific waterfowl abundance on areas and observed trends in seasonal timings. Finally, I measured changes in relative abundance of mallards as a function of weather variable. In my second chapter, I determined the influence of time of day, season progression, habitat type, and disturbance levels on a measure of habitat selection, using a novel method for surveying waterfowl. In my third chapter, I used archived data dating back to the 1970s to evaluate annual and seasonal measures of hunting program success. These results provide insights on multiple levels of waterfowl use and associated recreation and will help inform future management on the study sites.
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Title: EXPANDING FRAMING EFFECTS
Creator: Heo, Ruth Jin-Hee
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Framing effects explain a psychological mechanism of people influenced by communication sources that define and construct social or political issues and, in turn, affect public opinion at the aggregate level (Nelson et al., 1997). This study aimed to expand framing effects in the context of welfare policies while focusing on endogenous factors which affect cognitive evaluation, triggering the shaping of one’s attitudes. While taking account of anger and predisposition as the significant...
Show moreFraming effects explain a psychological mechanism of people influenced by communication sources that define and construct social or political issues and, in turn, affect public opinion at the aggregate level (Nelson et al., 1997). This study aimed to expand framing effects in the context of welfare policies while focusing on endogenous factors which affect cognitive evaluation, triggering the shaping of one’s attitudes. While taking account of anger and predisposition as the significant predictors for the framing effect, the current study focused on testing stingy frames: the freeloader frame and the budget deficit frame. The results indicated some significant interaction effects, with anger, predisposition, and frames explaining one’s decision to vote on welfare programs. In general, this study found that frames did not affect voter intentions on welfare policies; however, predisposition and anger respectively interacted with the frames. Specifically, as people maintained their pre-stances, anger, in particular, provoked strong opponents to intensify their stance against welfare policies, whereas other groups simply maintained their pre-stance. Moreover, in receiving the budget deficit frame, anger led participants to push their attitudes to the extreme end. In terms of three-way interaction, when anger was induced, the weakly opposed group tended to disapprove of welfare policies when receiving the freeloader frame. Additionally, when anger was induced in receiving the budget deficit frame, the strongly opposed group was less likely to support welfare policies. Despite minimal framing effects, these findings suggest a possibility that frames influence attitudes when interacting with anger and predisposition.
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Title: Clarifying Motivation in Stereotype Threat : The Chronic Threat Model
Creator: Misisco, Anthony Trevor
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Stereotype threat (ST) has become a well-documented phenomenon (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999; Steele, 1997; Steele & Aronson, 1995), but its specific mechanisms remain unclear. It is commonly accepted that ST harms task performance through a cognitive process pathway wherein working memory capacity is impaired (Schmader & Beilock, 2012; Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the motivational pathway of ST, as some researchers suggest that ST...
Show moreStereotype threat (ST) has become a well-documented phenomenon (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999; Steele, 1997; Steele & Aronson, 1995), but its specific mechanisms remain unclear. It is commonly accepted that ST harms task performance through a cognitive process pathway wherein working memory capacity is impaired (Schmader & Beilock, 2012; Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the motivational pathway of ST, as some researchers suggest that ST motivates individuals to dispel stereotypes (e.g., Schmader et al., 2008) and others suggest that ST is demotivating (e.g., Walton, Murphy, & Ryan, 2015). This research attempted to reconcile these conflicting motivational accounts, suggesting that motivation is initially bolstered when ST is experienced and eventually undermined under conditions of chronic ST. Drawing on Lindsley, Brass, and Thomas’s (1995) conceptualization of efficacy-performance spirals, a chronic process model of stereotype threat is presented. Individuals participated in a multiple-trial goal-regulation task in which individuals set and pursue goals, adjusting goals after each trial in response to performance feedback. Partial support was found for several components of the proposed model. The present study contributes to the literature by (a) integrating disparate portrayals of motivation within ST research; (b) delineating ST processes within individuals and across time, utilizing a process-oriented model; and (c) examining ST within the scope of goal-setting, an organizationally-relevant mediating mechanism through which ST may impair performance in real-world settings.
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Title: COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY : THE CASE OF PENGLIPURAN VILLAGE, INDONESIA
Creator: Briliyanti, Astri
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Community-based Tourism (CBT), a concept that focuses on community participation to minimize the costs and maximizes the benefits of tourism development for a community, has been promoted in Indonesia since the 1990s. However, as many CBT initiatives have failed to acquire the desired positive gains, the practicality and usefulness of CBT have been questioned. This study offers case study evidence of the Penglipuran Village CBT initiative, which has received considerable recognition for its...
Show moreCommunity-based Tourism (CBT), a concept that focuses on community participation to minimize the costs and maximizes the benefits of tourism development for a community, has been promoted in Indonesia since the 1990s. However, as many CBT initiatives have failed to acquire the desired positive gains, the practicality and usefulness of CBT have been questioned. This study offers case study evidence of the Penglipuran Village CBT initiative, which has received considerable recognition for its natural and cultural protection efforts. Despite its image as Indonesia’s most successful tourism village, little is known about why its CBT is considered a ‘success.’ The village, which serves as a model of CBT in Indonesia, was selected for this study, which aims to investigate how the community has developed itself as a tourism village using CBT processes, and the effects of tourism development on the community.Based on interview with 21 villagers and 6 external stakeholders, findings suggest that the community’s pre-established traditional governance and decision-making mechanism, and its tradition of organizing its members to complete self-initiated natural and cultural protection projects, form the foundation for its CBT operations and management. Easy access and strategic location also have enabled the village to be a competitive tourist destination. The community has played a significant role in producing and selling tourism products and services, sharing tourism benefits among themselves, and independently solving and anticipating tourism-related problems. External support in the form of regulations, marketing and promotion, training, research, advice, and resource support also have contributed to the success of its CBT operations.
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Title: THE IMPACT OF SUPPORT CLAIMS ON CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ORIGIN AND NUTRITION LABELS : THE CASE OF TART CHERRY JUICE
Creator: Hubbell, Caitlinn Brooke
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Modern consumers are continually searching for more information about where their food comes from and its nutritional value. As a result, policy makers and the food industry are using origin and nutrition labeling to capitalize on this change in demand. This study employees a discrete choice experiment on tart cherry juice selection to determine consumer preferences and willingness to pay for origin and nutrition related food attributes namely nutrient content claims, health-related claims,...
Show moreModern consumers are continually searching for more information about where their food comes from and its nutritional value. As a result, policy makers and the food industry are using origin and nutrition labeling to capitalize on this change in demand. This study employees a discrete choice experiment on tart cherry juice selection to determine consumer preferences and willingness to pay for origin and nutrition related food attributes namely nutrient content claims, health-related claims, origin labelling and a novel “farmer support claim.” Tart cherries are the ideal case to study these two labels as they possess health-promoting nutrients and are a staple United States specialty crop. We find that consumers are willing to pay a premium for origin and nutrient content labels when accompanied by a farmer support claim and health-related claims, respectively. These findings are relevant for the tart cherry industry as they work to improve the market of domestic tart cherries in a crowded United States market.
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Title: LANDSCAPE PLANT SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT FOR SLOPE RESTORATION ON URBAN FREEWAYS
Creator: Dubelko, Madeleine Nicole
Date: 2021
Collection: Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Description: Roadsides can be difficult environments for plant establishment, but site preparation techniques can help improve plant survival and establishment. To improve roadside plantings in the state of Michigan, we investigated the impacts of site preparation and evaluated plant selections in collaboration with the Michigan Department of Transportation. We conducted a large-scale field study at two locations (Warren, MI and Roseville, MI) along I-696 near Detroit, MI. The objective of the site...
Show moreRoadsides can be difficult environments for plant establishment, but site preparation techniques can help improve plant survival and establishment. To improve roadside plantings in the state of Michigan, we investigated the impacts of site preparation and evaluated plant selections in collaboration with the Michigan Department of Transportation. We conducted a large-scale field study at two locations (Warren, MI and Roseville, MI) along I-696 near Detroit, MI. The objective of the site preparation study was to evaluate the effect of site preparation (tillage and addition of compost) on establishment of roadside plantings. 16 selections of shrubs, perennials and grasses were planted in four site preparation treatment. In a supplemental plant evaluation study, the establishment and survival of 16 additional plant selections. In the site preparation experiment, compost application had positive effects on plant growth and ground cover in 2019 and 2020, however compost did not affect plant survival in either year. Possible aspect effects were observed as well. Overall, shrubs had increased rates of survival and groundcover when compared to perennial plants. Plant selections that had no mortality in 2020 were Hemerocallis ‘Happy Returns’, Hemerocallis ‘Stella De Oro’, Amsonia hubrichtii ‘Halfway to Arkansas’, Diervilla sessilifolia ‘Butterfly’, and Cephalanthus occidentalis ‘SMCOSS’.
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