Africa Media Review, Vol. 3, No. 3,1989 © African Council on Communication Education Book Review Contemporary Issues in Mass Media for Development and National Security, Edited by Ralph A. Akinfeleye. Published in 1988 by Unimedia Publishing Limited, Price 30. This is a collection of articles, three of which were read at the International Communication Conference at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, in 1987. It is divided into six sections, namely, mass media and national security, communication policy and national development, media education perspect- ive, communication law, ethics and responsibility, inter- national communication and, finally, culture and technology. In section one dealing with mass media and national security, Inspector General Mohammadu Gambo, examines the limita- tions of the mass media in dealing with crime and suggests some solutions; Emmanuel Akpan suggests that television programmers should ensure that their programmes do not ex- plicitly or implicitly abet crime; while Ikenna Nzimiro argues that for Nigeria to join the technological age, its leadership must first fully acknowledge the importance of information and education. In the chapter on communication policy and national develop- ment, Ralph Akinfeleye calls for the restructuring, harmonizing, and rationalization of communication channels and instruments so as to make them reflect the developmental needs and modes of Nigeria. And in another article titled 'Mass communication Education and Human Resources in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects', he cites inadequate teaching staff accommodation and text books, as well as large classes, outdated communication infrastructure, and poor salaries among the major problems plaguing media training in Nigeria. 110 John C. Merrill discusses the history of academic development of international communication. He traces the changes that have taken place since the 1950s when international commu- nication was introduced into college and university curricula and acknowledges that although much has been achieved, there still remains much room for its teaching at the under- graduate level. In a second article titled 'Three Theories of the Press, Responsibility and the Advantages of Pluralistic Indivi- dualism', he argues that responsibility of the press as indivi- dually defined within the U.S. system is the only one which is in real accord with American social values and goals. Prince Tony Momoh, Nigeria's Minister of Information, discu- sses Nigeria's press laws from 1909—1984, while Ikenna Nzimiro addresses the issue of government press relations. He submits that the press should avoid sycophants and purge itself of praise-mongers, flatterers and opportunists. A U.S. diplomat, Bruce Koch, examines the right to know under the U.S. Constitution and submits that it is the duty of American governments to protect the people's access to information and its dissemination. Professor Merrill has a third article, this time in the chapter dealing with international communication. He acknowledges the positive developments that have proceeded from dialogues on New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). Patricia Sharpe, an American journalist, vigorously defends Western coverage of Third World events, saying that it is not any more biased or negative than its coverage of the Western world. In a comparative analysis of media-government relations in Nigeria, the U.S.A. and Britain, Ikechukwu Nwosu finds that in all the three countries, the government—media relations are not perfect. However, the relations are better in the U.S.A., followed by Britain and then Nigeria. Komia Domatob traces the development of international enter- tainment and discusses the falacy of free flow of information and its rammifications for Third World situations. In an article titled 'Freedom and Authority in International Journalism', 111 Professor John Merrill says that universally journalistic freedom comes in three forms: sate freedom, press freedom, and individual freedom. Des Wilson makes a strong case for traditional communication systems whose role, he says, is unassailable in the effort to achieve national cohesion. Yemi Daramola, in a critical analysis of corporate advertising in Nigeria, underscores the importance of acquiring accurate data on audiences, harnessing research, and organizing confe- rences, seminars, symposia and workshops to up-date know- ledge and skills in the field. He also suggests the allocation of more funds to advertising agencies as a strategy for improving the trade. Finally, Emmanuel Akpan, in another article on traditional theatre, makes a case for devising ways of retaining television audiences and attracting new ones. He says that moderni- zation of traditional theatre through a mass communication approach demands understanding of the grammar and syntax of the modern media and preparing theatrical programmes accordingly. A major flaw of this book are the numerous typographical errors which could have been easily avoided through meticu- lous proof-reading. Besides, some sentences are too long. Curiously, chapter six which should have been on the role of communication in social change discusses something else media education: Nonetheless, this book addresses an important theme. The contributions by individual authors constitute significant addi- tions to the literature on major communication issues. Being acknowledged authorities in their subject areas, the appear- ance of these authors within one cover gives this publication the pride of place in the library of students and scholars of mass communication and development. Jerry Komla Domatob, Department of Mass Communication, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. 112 Africa Media Review Vol. 3 No. 3.1989 © African Council on Communication Education Cumulative Index Volume 1—3(1986—1989) Compiled by Rahab Qatura* Author Index Author Title Vol. (Issue No.) Year Page ALOO, Charles Development of Telecom- munications Infrastructure in Africa: Network Evolu tion, Present Status and Future Development. 2(3) 1988 19—34 ADELUGBA, Dapo Wole Soyinka's 'Blues for a 3(2) Prodigal': A Review. 1989 6 7 - 75 ANSAH, Paul A.V. ARTHUR, Atexina In Search of a Role for the African Media in the Demo- cratic Process Family Planning Communi- cation and the African Women's Liberation: A Ghana Case Study 2(2) 1988 1 - 16 2(1) 1987 38—51 AYODELE, Olumuyiwa African Print Media Misuse 2(2) 1988 92—109 of the English Definite Article 'The': A Content Analysis of Seven Nigerian Newspapers' Lead Items. AYODELE, Olumuyiwa Objectivity, Sycophancy and the Media Reality in Nigeria. 3(1) 1988106—120 * Mrs. Rahab Gatura is the documentaiist at the ACCE/ICDR Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya. 113 Author Title Vol. (Issue Year No.) Page BADEJO, Rotimi B. BLAKE, Ceclal A. BOAFO, Kwame S.T. BOAFO, Kwame S.T. BOAFO, Kwame S.T. BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo Multilingualism In Sub- Saharan Africa C o m m u n i c a t i on Development in Africa and Its Impact on Cultural Syn- chronization of Africa and its People. F o r m u l a t i ng Comprehensive National Communication Policy for Development in African Countries: A Framework Media Democratizing Systems African in Societies: The Case of Ghana 3(2) 1989 40—53 2(2) 1988 17-28 1(1) 1986 35-47 2(1) 1987 24-51 Journalism Profession and 2(3) Training In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study 1988 56-74 Communication for Rural Development In Africa: A Selected Bibliography. 1(1) 1986 116-122 Health 1(2) 1987 120-133 of Sources Information Among Rural Dwellers In Africa: A Case Study of Two Ghanain Villages BOSOMPRA, Kwadwo CHIMUTENGWENDE, Chen C. African News In the World 3(3) Press: A Comparative content Analysis of a North and a South Newspaper 1989 58—69 The Role of Communication 2(2) 1988 In the Development and Democratization of African Society 29—45 114 Author Title (Issue Year Page Vol. No.) DOMATOB, Jerry K. Communication Training for 2(1) Self-Reliance Africa: Africa: Challenges and Stra- tegies. in Black 1887 9—23 DOMATOB, Jerry K. Sub-Saharan Africa's Media 3(1) and Neocolonialism 1988 149—174 DOMATOB, Jerry K. Book Review 3(3) 1989 110—112 EOEANI, David O. EDEANI, David O. EMENYEONU, Bernard N. Compelling Impacts of the 1(1) Telephone, Literacy and other Related Factors on the Development of Mass Communication Media. 1986 20—34 Value Orientations In Press 2(2) Coverage of a National Mobilization Campaign 1988 65—84 Communication and Adop- 1(2) tion of Agricultural Innova- tions: Qualifications and Notes Towards a Concep- tual Model. 1987 105—119 ENAHORO, Augustine- Ufua Towards a Philosophy of 3(1) African Cinema 1988 134—148 ENAHORO, Augustine- Ufua Film Makers and Film 3(3) Making in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects 1989 9 8 - 1 09 EYOH, Hansel N. EYOH, Hansel N. Theatre, Television and 1(3) Development: A Case for the Third World 1987 49—55 Theatre and Community 1(3) Education: The African Experience 1986 5 6 -e 115 Author Title Vol. (Issue No.) Year Page 3(3) 1989 113—121 a 1(3) 1986 66-7J for In GATURA Rahab ISOBA, John CO. JAMES, Sybil L. JAMES, Sybil L. KAMUHANDA, Sethi KANDAKAI, D.E.S. HUGUES, Kone Cummulative Index 1986—1989) Social Marketing as Strategy C o m m u n i c a t i ng Agricultural Innovations Rural Development Preparing Agencies to Receive Media Messages on Rural Development A Critical Appraisal of the Communication Gap In the Liberation Struggle The Role of the Mass Media in the Implementation of Tanzania's Foreign Policy: Reality and Prospects The Role of Research in Development Communi- cation at the Liberlan Rural Communications Network. Democratiation des Medias, Democratic par less Media une Imperieuse Necesslte 1(1) 1986 7 9 - 88 2(1) 1987 1 -8 3(3) 1989 2 5 - 38 3(1) 1988 64—82 2(2) 1988 100—114 LEE, Miles Theatre for Development 1(3) 1987 6 9 - 80 LOBULU, William 2(3) 1988 135—151 Reader's American Interests In News About Africa: A Preliminary Report on a Case Study of the Washington Metropolitan Area. MALAMAH THOMAS, David, H. Theatre Development in Sierra Leone: A Study of Care's Project Learn. 1(3) 1988 8 1 - 94 116 Author Title Vol. (Issue No.) Year Page 3(2) 1989 1-14 The Political Culture of Mass Communication Research and the Role of African Communication Scholars. Text and Context Information Production in 1(3) 1987 95—106 M'BAYO, Richard and MWANKO, Robert N. MIYOUNA, Ludovlc MOEMEKA, Andrew MOEMEKA, Andrew MURPHY, Sharon M. and SCOTTON, James F. MUTERE, Absalom MWAFFISI Samwilu NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Mass Media and Rational Domination: A Critical Review of a Dominant Paradigm Perspective on Develop- ment Communication. Dependency and Journa- lism Education in the area there Alternative Models? An Analysis of Communica- tion Policies In Kenya. Zambia Broadcasting Corporation News: A Conteni Analysis Mobilizing People's Support for Development: An Analysis of Public Enlight- enment Campaigns In Africa 3(1) 1988 1—33 3(3) 1989 1—4 1(3) 1987 11—35 3(1) 3(3) 1988 46-63 1989 70-85 Kt) 1986 48—65 KD 1(2) 1986 112-122 1987 66-86 2(1) 1987 76-103 NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Book Review NWOSU, Ikechukwu NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Research and Training for Rural Development Commu- nication: Adopting the Trl- Modular Training and Sequential Research Models. Foreign Media Coverage of African Liberation Struggle: A Content Analytical Case Study of the Angolan Crisis. 117 Author Title Vol. (Issue Year No.) Page NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Book Review 2(1) 1987 120-121 NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Effective Reporting of Rural 2(3) Africa: Towards Strategies and Practices. Improved 1988 35-55 NWOSU, Ikechukwu E. Book Review 3(1) 1988 175—178 OBENG-Qualdoo, Isaac A Proposal for New Commu- 1(1) nlcation Research Methodo- logies in Africa 1986 89-98 OBENG-Qualdoo, Isaac New Development-Oriented 1(2) 1987 52—65 Models of Communication for Africa: The Research Case for Focus Group Research In Africa. OBENG-Quaidoo, Isaac Social-Economic Factors 2(2) ODUKO, Segun Affecting Expression Case of Ghana. Journalistic In Africa: The to From Indigenous Communl- 1(3) cation Modern Television: A Reflection of Political Development in Nigeria. 1988 85-99 1987 1-10 OGUNADE, Dele The Mass Media Systems of 1(1) Kenya and Tanzania: A Comparative Analysis. 1986 99-111 OKIGBO, Charles 1(2) 1987 18—31 American Communication Theories and African Communication Research: Need for a Philosophy of African Communication. 118 Author Title Vol. (Issue No.) OKIGBO, Charles OKWUDISHU, Chris ONAH, J.O. and ONYANWU, A.V. ONYEKWERE, Evelyn CO. OSAKUE, John PRATT, Cornelius B. PRATT, Cornelius B. SOBOWALE, Idowu SOOLA, Dayo E. The Newsflow Controversy: 2(1) Professional Evaluation Imbalance. Journalists' of News Patterns of Ownership and 3(1) Accessibility to Information and Media Facilities in Democratizing the Media in Nigeria. Viewer Preference for TV 2(3) Stations and Programmes: A Pilot Study Culture, Persuasion and the 3(2) Management of Environ- ment Attitudes. Domestic Financing of 2(3) Communication in Developing Countries: A Preliminary Investigation of the Nigerian Case. for 1(2) Research Priorities Development In Sub- Saharan Africa: Breaking More Communication Bottlenecks than Creating them Responsibility and Ethical 2(2) Reasonnng Press in Nigerian Image of the World Through 2(1) the Eyes of Five Nigerian Newspapers Year Page 1987 104—119 1988 121—133 1988 1 - 18 1989 1988 123-134 1988 32—51 1988 46-64 1987 52—65 2(3) 1988 75—91 A g r i c u l t u r al the Communication and African Non-Literate Farmer: The Nigerian Experience. 119 TRABER, Michael TRABER, Michael TRABER, Michael UCHE, Luke U. UGBOAJAH, Frank O. UGBOAJAH, Frank O. UMEH, Charles C. WARRITAY, Batllloi WETE, Francis N. the Democratl- 2(1) Towards zation of Public Communi- cation: A Critique of the Current Criteria of News. 1987 66—75 African Communications: 3(3) Problems and Prospects. 1989 86—97 The Stories People Tell: Are 2(2) They Part of the Democratic Process? Mass Communication and 3(1) Identity: The Cultural Unresolved of National Soverelnty and Cultural Autonomy In the Wake of New Communi- cation Technologies. Issue Communication as Techno- 1(1) logy in African Rural Deve- lopment. Current Debates in the Field 1(2) of Mass Communication Research: An African Viewpoint. The Advent and Growth of 3(2) Television Broadcasting in Nigeria- Its Political and Education Over-tones. Communication Develop- 2(3) ment and Theatre Use in Africa. Mass Communication and 3(1) Development: Depends on Strategies. Impact 120 1988 115-123 1988 83-105 1986 1-19 1987 1 - 17 1989 54-66 1988 110—122 1988 34-45 WILSON, Des WILSON, Des WILSON, Des. Organising Service for Rural Areas. a Television 1(3) 1987 36—48 Traditional Systems of 3(1) Communication in Modern African Department: An Analytical Analytical Viewpoint. Towards a Diachronlc- 3(2) Synchronic View of Future Communication Policies in Africa. 1988 87—104 1989 26-38 121 Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Paul Ansah Dr. Cecial Blake Prof. Cees Hamelink Dr. Alan Hancock Dr. Hugues Kone Mr. Reinhard Keune Prof. AM Mazrui Dr. Joseph Mbindyo Prof. R.L Nwafo Nwako Prof. James Scotton — School of Communication Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. — Global Learning Division, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan — Institute of Social Studies. The Hague, The Netherlands — Division of Communication Development and Free Flow of Information, UNESCO, Paris, France CERCOM, Universite d'Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire — Media & Communications Department, FES, Bonn, W Germany — Centre for Afro-American & African Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. — School of Journalism, University of Nairobi, Kenya Department of Mass Communi- cation Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, U.S.A. — Collegeof Journalism, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. We acknowledge the financial assistance of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in publishing this Issue. 122 Notes For Authors Africa Media Review addresses itself to those interested in communication development in Africa with special reference to the impact of communication on Africa and its people. The Editorial Board welcomes well-researched, scholarly articles, book reviews and other contributions in all areas of communication for possible publication in Africa Media Review (AMR). Manuscripts should not exceed 8000 words (about 20 pages, including notes and references), and book reviews should not exceed 2000 words (about 5 pages). They should be typed, double-spaced on A4 white paper. Three copies of each article and review should be submitted. The first page of the manuscript should provide the title of the paper, full name(s) of author(s), identification (position and institutional and/or other affiliation) and complete mailing address(es) of the author(s). Contributions must include an abstract of not more than 150 words. Notes and References Notes should be numbered serially in the text with a superscript and explained correspondingly on separate pages placed at the end of the manuscript. References in text should bear the name of the author of the article or book being referred to followed by year of publication in brackets. Then all references should be listed in alphabetical order on separate papers at the end of the article. They should give the name of the author (surname first), year of publication (in brackets), title of the book (underlined) place of publication followed by colon (:), the publisher and page numbers, if necessary. For article references, the title of each article should appear in single inverted commas followed by the underlined title of the book or journal in which it appears, the volume number, the issue number and relevant page numbers. References should be as shown below: Ansah, P. (1986), 'Broadcasting and MultilingualisnV In George Wedell (ed.), Making Broadcasting Useful: The African Experience. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 47—65. Kasoma, Francis P. (1986). The Press in Zambia, Lusaka: Multimedia Publications. Ugboajah, Frank O. (1986). 'Communication as Technology in African Rural Development' Africa Media Review. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-19. 123 Quotations should be in single quotes. Quotations of six lines or more should be idented and typed single space with no quotation marks. Title and sub-titles in the article should be in upper and lower cases. Illustrations All illustrations should be clearly drawn in dark ink and large enough for printing reduction purposes. All charts, maps and diagrams should be referred to as Fig., and should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are presented in the text. They should be put at the end of the text with indications in the next as to where they would be placed. Captions to figures should be written below the drawings. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simulta- neously submitted or published elsewhere. Articles published in Africa Media Review may be reproduced only with permission obtainable through the Editor. Authors will be entitled to a copy of the issue in which their manuscripts are published. Opinions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or those of the ACCE. Editorial Note: We regret any inconveniences caused by the change in type face in this Issue. 124 Cover Design by Mr. Frank Odoi Printed by Bizone Limited P.O. 47969, NAIROBI. on behalf of the African Council on Communication Education (ACCE). Telephone: 558254/554235 ISSN 0258—4913 _^, Published by: •Qcce African Council on Communication Education