Conflict in all its forms is endemic all over the world. Violent conflict is prevalent in Africa. Violent conflict exists within a triangle of relationships. This involves the belligerents and the citizens of whatever location the conflict is taking place. In many analyses of conflicts however, the citizens part of this triangle is often ignored. In particular, even within the 'citizens' corner of the triangle, the most vulnerable groups are rarely considered. The most vulnerable groups within any conflict situations are women and children. In normal situations, children and women in society require special care and protection. If this is accepted to be true in situations outside conflict, it is even more so in conflict situations. This article explores the basis on which the situation of women and children in conflict situations should be analysed. It outlines the broad canvass within which conflicts affect women and children, and examines the rights platform on which the welfare of women and children in conflict situations is based. It outlines the legal basis for the protection of women and children, and outlines the law on women and children in conflict situations. The article offers an analysis of 'rights', especially as they are perceived in the African context. It points out the ways in which the rights of women and children are eroded, especially in contexts of conflict. Ultimately, the article suggests a way out of the current situation, and outlines a programme for future action.
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