The concept of population is contrasted to that of development in the African context and seen to be closely related. Different propositions regarding this relationship are considered and the consequent effects seen either to impede or enhance the living conditions of people. The problem of population and development is viewed as having a spatial consequence, particularly dirough the migration into the cities of many people from the rural areas. Although conceptual difficulties do arise in any attempt to measure change, this should not prevent us from attempting to address the issues concerned. Factors which need to be taken into account by Africa planners and policy makers include such areas as employment, availability of food, education, health, housing and equality of opportunity for all.
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