Zambezia (1994), XXI (i).BOOK REVIEWSSouthern Africa After Apartheid: Regional Integration and ExternalResources Edited by B. Oden. Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of AfricanStudies, 1993, 271 pp., ISBN 97-7106-332-3, Z$27.This volume consists of a collection of papers presented anonymouslyin a seminar organized by the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies inMay 1992. The contributors are in the main a group of academics andsome public officials from the Scandinavian countries and Southern Africa(Botswana and South Africa). The volume is divided into four main areas,viz., theory oriented, issue oriented, organization oriented and externalresource oriented perspectives. Many of the chapters summarize existingliterature (often without references) rather than contribute new data ornew perspectives.Of academic interest are the theory oriented perspectives, the first ofwhich summarizes the available literature on the theories of regionalintegration, namely the classical approach, the developmental approachand the neo-functional approach. The relevance of these theories toSouthern Africa is critically evaluated and this evaluation seems to agreewith the available literature concluding that none of the above theoriessuits the conditions in Southern Africa. The reasons for this conclusion liein the fact that the circumstances in the sub-region differ within andbetween countries. For example, a market approach will not work becauseit requires free trade among member countries, yet in these countriesobjectives differ towards openness, suspicion is rife between individualcountries (witness the current trade war between Zimbabwe and Botswana,both members of the Southern African Development Community Š SADC);also levels of development are far from equitable, to the effect that somemember countries need import nothing from regional partners. The benefitstherefore accrue inequitably to different members.Co-operation consequently has to be limited to certain sectors and inthis respect SADC has made significant strides. The rest of this sectionlooks at the successes and failures of co-operation in Third World countrieswith evidence from the Association of South East African Nations, theCentral American Common Market, and the Latin American Free TradeAssociation. The results of these organizations are also well covered inthe literature and the successes are minimal: little new emerges from thissection of the book.Chapter Four presents another interesting contribution that looks atthe security situation in the region. This can be considered a majorcontribution in that security has been ignored in the literature onintegration. The authors attempt to come up with a model of enhancingregional security and conflict resolution and then the model is applied toSouthern Africa. Southern Africa is one of the most volatile regions in theworld and, given this fact, there is need to find ways of resolving the9798 BOOK REVIEWSpersistent conflicts for successful integration. A debate on this has thusbeen set in motion in Chapter Four of this volume.The volume would make interesting reading for policy-makers in theregion and probably could be useful as a reference book for undergraduatestudents.University of Zimbabwe B. KHUMALOWomen and Food Security: The Experience of the SADCC CountriesEdited by Marilyn Can with an Introduction by Anna Makimba. London,Intermediate Technology Publications, 1991, 210pp., ISBN 85339-109-3,S19.50.This book comprises papers presented at a meeting of Southern AfricanDevelopment Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) authorities on women'saffairs in Arusha (Tanzania) in 1988. The papers are publishedanonymously.The articles contained cover nine countries: Angola, Botswana,Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.The articles provide background information on women's income-generating activities focussing specifically on land use and the kinds oftechnologies which may be available for use by women in all the ninecountries.The articles underscore the major role which women in the SADCCregion play in the production, processing and marketing of food, but at thesame time note that women nave been. . . constrained from contributing fully to the development of this sector by thelack of availability of efficient technologies relating to their tasks, as well as lack ofaccess to those technologies which do exist (Makimba, p. vi).The main concern of this book, therefore, is to discuss and to makerecommendations as to what should be done in order to minimize theconstraints which face women in their efforts to contribute to theproduction and processing of food in their respective countries.An article giving background information on Malawi ends with twoimportant points: that more baseline information to monitor the efficiencyof technologies should be consistently gathered; and, secondly, thatimproved equipment which increases ground cover and reduces the needfor several weedings should be introduced.The issue of technology is referred to in all the other articles indifferent ways. The article on Botswana, for instance, argues strongly that'unless technology is a tool of liberation, and is designed to qualitativelyimprove the life of the majority, it is of little use in developing Botswana'(p. 69).