BOOK REVIEWS 89on a consistent referencing style rather than allowing the free for all that isevident in the volume. Notwithstanding these criticisms, the book hassomething to offer to political scientists and historians, and it does suggestpromising areas of investigation. That may well be the book's principalstrength.University of Zimbabwe E. MASUNUNGUREPeace and Security in Southern Africa Edited by Ibbo Mandaza. Harare,Sapes Trust, 1996, xxiii, 183 pp., ISBN 1-77905-048-8.We have in this edited volume a collection of five essays that furnish animportant contribution to the study of peace and security in SouthernAfrica. This is an outcome of three years' research under the auspices ofthe International Relations Division of the Southern African RegionalInstitute for Policy Studies (SARIPS), the Research and Publications arm ofSAPES Trust. This study with an 'Introduction' by Ibbo Mandaza, sought toexamine, and interact with, the current discourse on peace and security inSouthern Africa.The Southern African region, for many decades, has been a theatre ofwars and conflicts. The people of the region had to wage wars associatedwith the liberation of the region from colonialism, settler and apartheidsystems of domination and racism. Naturally these wars and conflicts ledto an increase in the flow and circulation of arms in the region. These warsand conflicts have now come to an end over the past three years, and theregion as a whole is now under democratically elected governments.It is for this reason that the study under review has adopted an all-encompassing definition of peace and security, reflecting a qualitativedevelopment of the discourse, from that which conventionally viewedthese concepts as captured in the purely militaristic, to that whichconsiders them in the context of fundamental social relations, at theglobal, inter-state and intra-state levels. Peace and Security in SouthernAfrica covers five chapters, each with a different task but linked togetherand designed to build upon each other. The 'Introduction' by Ibbo Mandazaprovides an overview, as well as contending analytic approaches to issuesof peace and security at global and regional levels.The five chapters in the book are illuminating and valuable. HoraceCampbell's chapter, 'From regional military destabilisation to militarycooperation and peace in Southern Africa', in particular, does acommendable job in reminding readers of UNESCO's definition of peace:There can be no genuine peace when the most elementary human rightsare violated or while situations of injustice continue to exist; Conversely90 BOOK REVIEWShuman rights for all cannot take root and achieve full growth while latentor open conflicts are rife . . . Peace is incompatible with malnutrition,extreme poverty and the refusal of the rights of self-determination.Disregard for rights of individuals, the persistence of inequitableinternational economic structures, interference in the internal affairs ofother states . . . The only lasting peace is a just peace based on respectfor human rights. Furthermore, a just peace calls for an equitableinternational order which will preserve future generations from thescourge of war (p. 154).Winnie Wanzala's chapter, 'Emancipating security and developmentfor equity and social justice', introduces a unique conceptualisation anddefinition of security as one definitively linked to human development,implying a distinction between 'development policies' that should enhancehuman security and development on the one hand, and those that deepenunderdevelopment, poverty and insecurity on the other. Her major concernrelates to those disadvantaged sections of society, particularly womenand children.On the other hand, Thomas Ohlson in his chapter, 'Conflict and conflictresolution in the Southern African context' attempts to provide a frameworkfor dealing analytically with peace, conflict, conflict resolution and security.He grapples with the definitions of all these key concepts.Tiyanjana Maluwa's chapter focuses on the problem of refugees as yetanother expression of the vestige of economic and political malaise inSouthern Africa. He demonstrates how the problem will impinge on thepeace and security equation in Southern Africa.Finally, Mafa Sejanamane deals with the case study, 'The Lesothocrisis and regional intervention'. From a peace and security perspective,the author reminds us that the Lesotho crisis has shown that there is nosatisfactory formal conflict resolution and peace-keeping mechanism inSouthern Africa. He warns that the mechanisms which were used in theLesotho crisis cannot be reproduced in other circumstances and in acountry like Zimbabwe, for example (p. 82).Perhaps the only flaw associated with the book is that it does not linkthe Southern African Development Community's peace efforts with theOrganisation of African Unity's programme on 'Conflict prevention,management and resolution'.Inspite of this weakness, Peace and Security in Southern Africa is asignificant addition to the literature on the region. The book makes avaluable contribution to our understanding of problems of peace andsecurity in the post-apartheid era in Southern Africa and also raises anumber of critical research questions along the way. As the UNDP HumanDevelopment Report states:For too long, the concept of security has been shaped by the potentialfor conflict between states. For too long, security has been equated withBOOK REVIEWS 91threats to a country's borders. For too long, nations have sought arms toprotect their security. However, for most people today, a feeling ofinsecurity arises more from worries about daily life than from the dread ofa cataclysmic world event. Job security, income security, health security,environmental security, security from crime Š these are the emergingconcerns of human security all over the world, including Southern Africa(1994, 3).The book should do well as essential text for postgraduate courses inStrategic Studies in Southern African politics. It is also recommended forpolicy makers, diplomatic, and non-governmental organisations interestedin Southern African affairs.University of Zimbabwe DONALD P. CHIMANIKIREOn The Frontline: Catholic Missions in Zimbabwe's Liberation War ByJanice Mclaughlin, Harare, Baobab Books, 1996, xvi, 352 pp., ISBN 0-908311-79-6.On the Frontline is a welcome addition to an already growing corpus ofliterature and knowledge on the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe. Theauthor, Sr Janice McLaughlin of the Maryknoll order, worked in Zimbabwefor a little more than half a year in 1977 before being deported to the USAby the Rhodesian regime because of her activities in the Justice and PeaceCommission. McLaughlin returned to her ministry of working with thepoor and oppressed by way of working in solidarity with the exiledZimbabwean refugees in Mozambique. While in Mozambique McLaughlinmade direct contacts, and even interviewed top leadership of the ZimbabweNational Liberation Army (ZANLA).The book examines the interaction between the ZANLA guerrillas andthe Church, ie, the whole people of God entailing the laity, religious andthe clergy associated with a particular Mission. McLaughlin analyses thisinteraction at rural missions which were on the frontline at differentstages of the war of liberation, located in four different dioceses of theChurch, different guerrilla operational zones and under missionaries offour different nationalities.Sr McLaughlin examines the Church where the grassroots communitieswere some of the most vulnerable sectors of society. One of her aims wasto prevent the histories of these communities from being 'lost', altered ordistorted (xii).The first part of the book focuses on the history preceding the war ofliberation, particularly the sowing of the seeds of racism by successivecolonial administrations.