CONVENTIONS PLCAA to Louisville for lawn conference and show in November The Professional Lawn Care Association of America will hold its first annual convention Nov. 12-14 at the Commonwealth Con-vention Center Exhibit Hall in downtown Louisville, Ky. The theme of the convention Š which will include both business seminars and trade exhibits Š is 
"Lawn Care Business Manage-
ment in the 1980's." At its board meeting last month, the executive board of PLCAA also planned a release to 
garden editors of major metro-politan area newspapers. The focus of the PLCAA con-vention will deal primarily with business seminars rather than technical seminars, said PLCAA 
president Jerry Faulring, of Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, Md. "The state and regional turf conferences are doing a very good job of addressing the technical problems a lawn care businessman faces in his job," 
Faulring told LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY. "Lawn care busi-
nessmen attending the PLCAA 
convention will come away from 
it with answers to many of his business problems." Registration fees will be $30 for members and $45 for non-members of PLCAA. One-day 
passes will be available for $15 to members and $20 to non-
members. A percentage of ex-hibit fees will be applied to asso-ciate membership in PLCAA for suppliers to the lawn care in-dustry who exhibit at the con-vention. Although final plans have not been set, preliminary plans call for the convention to begin on the morning of Wednesday, November 12. The exhibit hall will be open during almost all convention hours to give ex-
hibitors as much time with show attendees as possible. There will 
be about six hours of seminars on the first day of the show, and also 
on the second day Š Thursday, Nov. 13. There will be three hours of seminars on the third day of the show Š Friday, Nov. 14. The convention will end at noon on Nov. 14. Exhibits will be open during seminars, and also special cocktail receptions on the exhibit floor following the first 
two day's sessions. For further information on ex-hibiting at or attending the con-vention, contact: Glenn Bostrom, executive director, PLCAA, Suite 1717, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, or call 312-644-
0828. The planned PLCAA release to garden editors, entitled "Selecting a Lawn Care Com-pany," will be mailed this spring before the lawn care season starts in most parts of the coun-try. It will be written as an infor-mational piece for the homeowner, and will stress the fact that all members of PLCAA conform to a strict code of ethics. INFLATION Employe wages to increase about ten percent in 1980 An eight to ten percent in-crease in employe wages is ex-pected in 1980, according to lawn care businessmen recently con-tacted by LAWN CARE INDUS-TRY magazine. The predict-ed increase is in line with national trends in other in-dustries. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that "most 
companies" will be increasing 
wages from 8.5 to 9.5 percent in 1980. "More than three-fourths of U.S. employes will get what the 
boss decides to give them because they aren't covered by L4WN m ^ffllServing lawn maintenance Ł JUI^/pi and chemical lawn | care professionals. INDUSTRY FEBRUARY 1980 Ł VOL. 4, No. 2 Ł A Harvest Publication LAWN CARE ADVERTISING Yellow Pages most used promo, direct mail most expensive In a recent survey conducted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, 58 percent of the magazine's readers (both chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance companies) said they used Yel-low Pages advertising, spending 
an average of $993 a year on it. While Yellow Pages advertis-ing was the most often mentioned medium, direct mail 
was the most expensive men-QUICK STARTS Controlling mole crickets page 2 Seeding in non-optimum turf areas page 17 Fertilizer: Needs, recommendations and rates page 18 Maintenance: Cancellation agreement a must page 22 Weed identification and control page 27 What a lawn service can provide page 32 > MEETING DATES 4 MEMOS 5 NEWSMAKERS 6 MARKETING IDEA FILE 10 MONEYWISE 14 
COST CUTTINGS 38 
PRODUCTS 40 
TOOLS, TIPS & TECHNIQUES 43 MM* Z-/^. y " Aiuo aifis nvûj ^ Tut I J A fisrtti a iiriJl* Mi à riOArt3)1 -6AA-IIÛ3 id RŠ09¿ ò_65I_NO _ )n interviews with Y, page 24. This is ess, technical and i. faces in his job sted by readers. tioned by readers. More than 19 percent said they used direct mail advertising, spending an average of $9,684 on it yearly. Other mediums, percentages of respondents that said they use it, and dollar expenditures were: Newspaper, 42 percent, $1,762; personal solicitation, 27 percent, $1,112; phone, 18 percent, $391; radio, 16 percent, $1,288; door hanger, 12 percent, $2,111; and television, six percent, $6,197. According to LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY market research 
manager Clarence Arnold, the results are based on a 47.4 per-
cent response to 500 question-naires mailed in July and tabulated in August and Septem-ber. "In order to be counted, a respondent had to do two things," Arnold said. "He had to have a non-zero budget, and he 
had to allocate part of the budget to the given medium. It is possi-ble that a reader may use these media, but not budget for it. He would not be counted. Thus, if a 
small company used a Yellow Pages ad, for example, but did not budget for it, it would not be included." Further, a survey LAWN CARE INDUSTRY conducted in 1978 of homeowners in Columbus, Ohio showed that direct mail was the most likely 
medium to reach the 
homeowner, according to Ar-nold. union contracts," The Journal reported. "At some smaller com-panies, or larger ones that aren't prospering, 1980 raises may average seven percent or so." Lawn care businessmen almost totally attribute the wage hikes to 
continued increases in the cost of 
living. "The cost of living is the main reason I'm increasing my employes' wages from eight to ten percent," Carl Clifton, owner of Lawnscape Systems, Pomona, Calif., said. "We just feel it 
would be unfair to our employes to try and hold it down to anything less than that." Kurt Kluznik, president of YardMaster, Painesville, Ohio, also attributes the wage in-
creases to inflation. "Everyone will get a seven to ten percent in-crease in their salaries for 1980," he said. "The newer people we will be hiring are going to start at a higher rate than our other peo-ple did last year as a result of in-
flation." Marty Erbaugh, president of Lawnmark Associates, Penin-
sula, Ohio, also predicts an in-crease of about eight percent, but 
his workers will be compensated largely on their personal perfor-
mance. "We're going to a variable to page 46 How do you spend your ad budget? fraction of sample-medium average expended-medium Yellow Pages 58% $993 Newspaper 42% $1,762 Solicitation 27% $1,112 Direct Mail 19% $9,684 Telephone 18% $391 Radio 16% $1,288 Door Hanger 12% $2,111 Television 6% 0{ Ł Ł B $6,197 Source. 1979 LCI survey 2 THE SOUTH Biolosy and control of mole crickets CQ H tx Four species of mole crickets oc-cur in Florida. However, only two Š the southern mole cricket 
and the changa Š are of econ-^ omic importance, according to Klaus T. Geyer of the University £ of Florida Cooperative Extension q Service. Although two different species S are responsible for economic damage, their life cycles are z quite similar, he said. Both species of mole crickets ~ deposit their eggs in chambers hollowed out of the soil. These egg chambers are usually from one inch to one foot beneath the soil surface depending on mois-ture, temperature and soil type. Low temperatures and dry soil 
result in chambers made deeper 
in the soil. Most chambers are found in the upper five inches of soil. Egg production usually begins in the latter part of March. Peak egg-laying is reached in May through mid-June. The length of time it takes an egg to hatch is related to temperature. Eggs deposited in March require about 35 days to hatch. Eggs deposited in May or June require about 20 days to hatch. Nymphs first begin to hatch from eggs in the latter part of April. Peak hatching normally occurs during the first half of June., although hatching may ex-tend into September. The young nymph is com-pletely white but quickly 
darkens to a brown-black color. Nine days after hatching, the 
nymphs escape from the cham-ber by digging a small tunnel straight up to the soil surface. During the summer, the nymphs actively tunnel through the up-
per soil in search of food. They actively feed on roots of plants 
and organic matter in the soil. The nymphs grow rapidly dur-ing the summer months and begin maturing into adults by mid-September. When cold weather arrives, the nymphs which have not reached the adult stage cease development and overwinter. Some years, as much 
as 75 percent of the mole cricket 
population may overwinter as 
nymphs. The adult mole cricket averages about one-and-a-quarter inches in length and is well-adapted for burrowing. The adults emerge from their burrows in either fall or spring for their mating flights. In the spring, flights peak twice. One peak of flight activity occurs in early March when the overwin-tering adults start flying. The second peak of flight activity oc-curs about mid-April when the overwintering nymphs mature to adults and leave their burrows. Introducing FOLIAN®.. the easy-to-use liquid fertilizer that's safe and effective on any kind of turf. FOLIAN is a complete fertilizer. Its special formulation of N-P-K, sulfur and iron gets nutrients directly into grass tissue. And FOLIAN will not cause tip 
burn when used as directed. Convenient to use FOLIAN is the only turf-builder you'll ever need. It saves you time because there's no mixing or agitation required before using FOLIAN. And FOLIAN can be applied in more concentrated form than most other liquids. As a result, you can service more lawns per truckload with fewer wasted man-hours. A clear solution of the highest quality, FOLIAN won't settle out in your tanks. It's compatible with most pesticides, too. Greens lawns fast Because of its patented formulation and foliar activity, FOLIAN greens up turf quicklyŠfaster than dry fertilizers or suspensions. And at the recommended rates, FOLIAN supplies enough residual fertilizer in the soil to keep grass green and healthy for many weeks. Good for your business Your customers will love the results FOLIAN gives. And you'll appreciate FOLIAN's convenience. Best of all, FOLIAN makes your lawn care service more valuable. It means repeat business from satisfied customers and greater confidence in you. Give FOLIAN a try and discover how it can mean more green for both of you. To find out more about how to get started using FOLIAN, call toll-free 800-228-2178 Omaha, Neb., 800-446-1841/800-446-1845 Hopewell, Va. or write Allied Chemical Corporation, Dept. AG, Box 2120, AllioH Houston, TX 77001 ^3^^, Plant Foods FOLIAN complete liquid fertilizer. Circle 115 on free information card The fall flights occur on warm days in November and Decem-ber. "Heavy flights normally occur after a shower during warm weather," Geyer wrote in Florida Turf. "The adults are also attracted strongly to lights." Toxic baits appear to be the best control method for mole crickets in lawns. Toxic baits should be applied around June 15 for best results. At this time, the nymphs are actively foraging for food and will readily accept 
baits. But even though toxic baits are applied as directed in June, July 
and August, adequate control 
may not be achieved. This is based on the behavior of mole crickets. Mole cricket nymphs will not feed on the soil surface if the 
weather is cold or the soil is dry. 
After several days, the sun and 
heat break down the insecticide part of the bait. Then, even if the bait is consumed, the mole cricket will not die. Another consideration is that if a bait is applied and rain imme-
diately follows, the mole crickets will readily consume the bait that night. Unfortunately, the in-secticide is washed out of the bait by the rain; and the bait sim-ply becomes an excellent food 
for the mole cricket. Correct timing of the bait ap-plication would be right after rain in June or July. The nymphs will be feeding on the soil sur-face at this time because the soil 
is moist. The insecticide will be consumed before the sun and heat break it down and before rain washes it out of the bait. If applications are made with this correct timing, 65 to 75 percent control will be achieved. Geyer's recommended baits: 0.5% Dursban, 2.0% Baygon and 2.0% malathion. ŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁ LEGISLATION California implements service container law New regulations requiring ser-vice container labels to include the identity of the person respon-sible for the container, the iden-tity of the pesticide by-product or common name and concentra-tion, and the signal word which describes the toxicity of the pes-ticide were recently adopted by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Service containers are defined as containers other than the original labeled containers that 
are used to hold, store, or transport pesticides or pesticide dilutions. The new regulations also require that a copy of the registered label be present at 
each mixing and application site where service containers are used. In the case of spills or ther con-tamination, the labels will per-mit prompt identification of the pesticide involved so that appro-priate action can be taken to pro-tect public health. Persons interested in obtaining copies of the new regulations 
may do so by contacting the Cali-fornia Department of Food and Agriculture, Pam Ringhoff, Room A-i70, 1220 N. Street, Sacra-mento, CA 95814, 916-322-5032. No mixing, no burning, no hassle. Circle 145 on free information card Diamond Shamrock The resourceful company. See your turf chemicals supplier, or contact the Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals Division sales office nearest you: Three Commerce Park Square, 23200 Chagrin Blvd., Beachwood, OH 44112 Ł 1760 The Exchange, Suite 100, Atlanta, GA 30339 Ł 5333 Westheimer, Suite 850, Houston, TX 77002 Ł Commerce Plaza Bldg , 2015 Spring Rd , Oakbrook. IL 60521 Ł 617 Veterans Blvd., Redwood City, CA 94063 For the turf you care for: season-long protection against crabgrass, Poa annua and other annual grasses and weeds with America's leading preemergence turf herbicide. Dacthal is number one in its field. Not only because it is so effective, but because it con-trols more than 20 unwanted weedsand grasses. Applied properly, it laysdown a barrier that stops early and late germinating annual weeds without affecting healthy, growing turf grasses. Tough weeds like crabgrass and Poa annua can't stand up to Dacthal. The help you need for total turf care. Dacamine® provides postemergence control of over 70 broadleaf weeds including dandelion, annual chickweed, knotweed and Canada thistle. It works right down to the roots. So tough perennials don't return. Daconate® is the postemergence herbicide that knocks out nutsedge, chickweed, wood sorrel, sandbur and other grassy weeds. It'sa ready-to-use liquid herbicide with a built-in surfactant for uniform wetting. Daconil 2787® is the broad-spectrum fungicide that stops nine fungus diseases on turf. Use it from spring to fall to prevent dollar spot, leaf spot, red thread, stem rust of blue grass, large brown patch. It's effective even in hot weather. Provides disease con-trol on a number of ornamentals. Count on the big four from Diamond Shamrock to make your job easier. " ' * * ; 1 * trV * ; " " 7 Wr v * % v v* Q» Ł - " I- V - v V- i ft f ft Lv^wÜr^ Ł v.i . n. Ł -. -r 77i/s unretouched photo from California demonstrates an advantage of including 20% Citation with an improved blend of bluegrasses. On the left is 100% Kentucky bluegrass damaged by Fusarium blight. On the right the Citation-bluegrass mixture shows little or no damage. 'PROGRESS FROM THE GROUND UP' frtetuuAl Citation Hirf Perennial Plant Variety Protection Number 7500003 Mirvw asked for an aiipurpose, deep rooted high temperature 
tolerant ryegrass litis is our answer! Dr. William Meyer, Research Director, states: "At Turf-Seed, Inc., we set out to develop a turf-type perennial ryegrass with 
rapid establishment, good heat tolerance and the ability to maintain high quality throughout the hot summer months. We also wanted an attractive, dark green color and improved mowing performance. After years of cross breeding and testing, Turf-Seed developed Citation. I believe it comes very close to the specifications we were looking for in a fine-leafed ryegrass." Citation had the highest average turf performance rating in a five-year test at Rutgers University. This excellent record has 
been confirmed by years of proven performance in applied 
use by turf professionals throughout the United States. Top-quality Citation seed is now available for your use. For test results and information write: Vaughan-Jacklin Corp. Bound Brook, NJ 08805 Downers Grove, IL 60515 Post Falls, ID 83854 Landover, MD 20785 Jonathan Green & Sons Farmingdale, NJ 07727 Turf-Seed, Inc. Hubbard, OR 97032 J & L Adikes, Inc. Jamaica, NY 11423 MEMOS Selective advertising vs. mass media: Which type of advertis-ing is best for the lawn care industry, selective-type advertis-ing, or the mass media approach? Most companies in the past of any size have gone with direct mail and door hangers, the feeling being that the "rifle shot" approach it affords was 
much better than the "shotgun" approach newspaper or tele-vision offers. That may be all well and true, but word has it that at least four major companies will be using television advertising this coming lawn care season in the super-competitive market. ChemLawn's home fertilization program. Within the last year, ChemLawn Corp., Columbus, Ohio has been working with a home fertilization program in selected areas. The com-pany provides the fertilizer and chemicals, the equipment to apply it, and the background of when to apply it. Is this cutting into their standard lawn care program? Word has it that in a recent survey in a Midwestern town, most of the people surveyed preferred the standard ChemLawn pro-gram over the one-third cheaper home fertilization program. Housing sales down. Sales of new one-family homes in November plunged 13.5 percent from October to a seasonally adjusted 604,000 annual rate, the lowest monthly pace in over three years, the Commerce Department estimated recently. Fertilizer shipments. According to preliminary U.S. census reports, the value of shipments of products classified as pri-mary to the nitrogenous fertilizers industry was $2.18 billion in 1977. This figure is an increase of 200 percent from 1972, much of it due to price increases, of course. It represents total shipments, not just that for the turfgrass industry. Past reports have pegged non-ag uses of fertilizer at about 3.5 percent of totals. The value of shipments of products classified as primary to the phosphatic fertilizers industry was $2.58 billion in 1977, an increase of 145 percent from 1972. The value of shipments of pesticides was $2.69 billion in 1977, an increase of 125 percent from 1972. The value of ship-ments of products classified as primary to the lawn and gar-
den equipment industry was $1.74 billion, an increase of 52 percent from 1972. Norman F. Sharp, director of membership services for the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, notes that figures for the 
commercial turf and grounds mowing equipment will be available soon, and that OPEI will begin tracking those 
figures for the industry. Ford Tractor breaks record. Ford Tractor Operations set North American and worldwide modern production records in 1979, according to Mervyn H. Manning, vice president and general manager. The new worldwide record is 127,022 units, topping the former record of 125,096 set in 1977. The North American re-cord is 42,264 units, built at Ford's Romeo (Mich.) Tractor and Equipment Plant. It tops the 42,238 built at the former Highland Park (Mich.) plant in 1972. L4WN OIRE INDUSTRY Editor/Associate Publisher: ROBERT EARLEY Technical Editor: RON MORRIS Assistant Editor: DAN MORELAND Graphic Director: RAYMOND GIBSON Publishing Director: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER Research Services: CLARENCE ARNOLD Advertising Production: CHRIS SIMKO Editorial Secretary: JEANNIE SUTTON MARKETING/SALES Circulation & List Rental: SHARON JONES (216) 651-5500 Marketing & Merchandising Services: FRAN FRANZAK (216) 651-5500 New York Office: BRIAN HARRIS (212) 421-1350 757 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Midwest Office: JOE GUARISE, JEFF DREAZEN (312) 236-9425 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601 Southern Office: DICK GORE (404) 233-1817 3091 Maple Dr., Atlanta, Ga. 30305 Northwest Office: BOB MIEROW (206) 363-2864 1333 N.W. Norcross, Seattle, WA 98177 Classified: DOROTHY LOWE (216) 651-5500 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 CORPORATE OFFICERS i: JA President: HI Senior Vice President: BERNIE KRZYS Senior Vice President: DAYTON MATLICK 
Vice President: CHARLES QUINDLEN Chairman: JAMES MILHOLLAND JR. IUGH CHRONISTER HARVEST LAWN CARE INDUSTRY is published every month by The Har-vest Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. at 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 651-5500. Copyright © 1980 by The Harvest Publishing Company. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be repro-duced either in whole or in part without consent of Copyright owner. Controlled circulation postage paid at Cleveland, önio. SUBSCRIPTIONS: to Lawn Care Industry are solicited only from owners, managers, operators, buyers, merchandisers, agronomists, technicians, dealers, distributors and manufacturers of products associated with the lawn care and t nr maintenance business. Position ana company connection must be indicated on subscription orders. Publisher reserves the right to approve all subscription re-quests. Single copy cost $1.00 for current issue. All back issues $1.25 each. Foreign $1.25. Subscription rates: $10.00 one year, $18.00 two years, $23.00 three years. Group and foreign air mail rates available on request. SUBSCRIBERS: Send chanee-of-address notices, correspondence regar subscription service to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care Industry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Change of Address notices should be sent promptly, provide old as well as new address, attach address label from recent 
issue. Please allow one month for change of address to become effective. POSTMASTER: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care In-dustry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. The Harvest Publishing Inc., publishers of WE GOLF BUSINESS. » Company, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, EDS TREES & TURF, PEST CONTROL, NPCA Extra, The Biggest News in Lawn Care - Be a Part of It Join the many professionals already registered The "Happening" is the First Na-tional Lawn Care Business Con-ference, March 16-19 at Milwaukee, Wis. "Managing for Profitability" is the theme with plenty of to-the-point help on management and technical as-pects of lawn care. Professionals and other experts will present topics. You can exchange ideas, solve problems by talking with other professionals. Don't gamble on 1980, invest in three days which can improve your business. Join the other professionals atten-ding, for details: Lawn Care Conference Box 1936 Appleton, Wl 54913 
414/733/2301 Something NEW For Snow Plowing!!! At Last - A Snow Plow Cutting Edge That Does The Complete Job and more! It Pushes Forward! It Plows Snow Backwards Ł It saves you time Ł It eliminates the rear blade Ł It gives extra strength Ł It interchanges and fits your present plow Ł It lets one plow do the work of two. Ł One truck uses less gas than 2 Ł It saves you time and money.^ Available For Meyers A Western Plows - 7W In Stock A J. Lesko Co. "roÄ1 529-0769 DEALERS WANTED Circle 120 on free information card NOW Is The Time To Begin Your Cholinesterase Bio-Monitoring Program Cholinesterase is an enzyme in the blood which is neces-sary for proper functioning of the nervous system. Your applicators' Cholinesterase levels are reduced when they are exposed to many commonly used insecticides. To 
ensure your employees' health and safety, and possibly reduce your workman's compensation costs, you should 
have Cholinesterase levels checked frequently during the insecticide season. However, if you are just beginning a monitoring program, you should have a Cholinesterase baseline or normal level for each employee established now, well before the insecticide season begins. CLC Labs, a division of ChemLawn Corporation, offers this testing service to any company using insecticides for a nominal charge. CLC Labs is the leading laboratory serv-ing the lawn care industry. Please call or write us today for information on how to begin your monitoring pro-gram or help with your present program. CLC LABS A Division of ChemLawn Corporation 1046 Crupper Avenue Ł Busch Corporate Center Ł Columbus. Ohio 43229 Phone (614) 888-1663 Circle 139 on free information card m W bu > OC H co D D 
2 M < U 2 < NEWSMAKERS Richard Weidl is owner of R.E.W. Land Development, Mesa, Arizona. Timothy Talmage is owner of Trent Lawn & Shrub Service, New Bern, N.C. Sensation Corp., has named a number of new dsitributors for its line of lawn mowers: JAYCO Distributing, Camby, Ore., will handle distribution in 
Oregon and Washington. James J. Murphy is company president. Green Thumb Lawn Equip-ment Co., Columbus, Ohio, will 
handle distribution in that area. Tim Teegarden is company pres-ident. C. Bunde Co., Toledo, Ohio, will handle distribution for that area. Wiggert Brothers, LaCrosse, Wis., will handle distribution for southern Wisconsin. Cherokee Sales, Arkansas City, Kans., will handle dis-tribution for Kansas and Oklahoma. William (Pat) Patten is company president. Fallbrook Tractor, Fallbrook, Calif., recently held an open house celebration for friends 
and neighbors to welcome the 
dealership's acquisition by former employes, Bob Armstrong, Ron Hoffman and Fid Jarnot. The outdoor power 
equipment dealer sells and ser-
vices Jacobsen lawn care equip-ment, Kubota tractors, Homelite 
chain saws and other related 
agricultural and turf care ac-cessories. The former owner is 
Paul Stiles, who plans to retire. Dr. David Martin, regional agronomist for ChemLawn Corp., 
based in Detroit, was recently named Man-of-the-Year by the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation. He had been the OTF's secretary while a turf professor at Ohio 
State University. The OTF also gave professional excellence awards to Dr. Phil Larsen of Ohio 
State and Ray Schrage. Excel Industries, Inc., Hesston, Kans., has announced several re-
cent promotions and additions in 
its central office: Paul Wiens has been named turf sales manager; John Wiens Harrison Harrison is now marketing manager; David Welfelt is now 
advertising and promotion manager; John Austin is service 
coordinator. New staff positions 
include Randy Hagen, who is now sales order supervisor; and Vance Truskett, who is service parts manager. The Toro Co.'s Irrigation Group has appointed Robert Em-merich and John MacLaughlin to newly created positions of 
regional sales managers. Em-merich is now eastern regional sales manager. MacLaughlin is western regional^ sales manager. Edward Cora is vice president of Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, Ohio. Marty Erbaugh is company president. Ron and Ann Olson are owners of Top-Soil, a certified testing service based in Frankfort, 111. The company is presently serv-ing the agricultural community, but will be branching into servic-ing the lawn care industry. Fred Eden was elected presi-dent of the New Jersey Turfgrass Association at its recent annual meeting. Paul DeShantz was named vice president; Dr. Ralph Engel was named secretary; Bill Richey was named treasurer; Dr. Henry Indyk was named con-vention chairman; and John Wittpenn is immediate past pres-ident. Members of the board of directors are: Dennis DeSantis, Al Lombardi, Samuel Horst, Edgar Krause, Cliff Belden, John Zajac, John Van Brundt, Joe DeSantis and Samuel Leon. Dr. Thomas R. Turner has joined the University of Mary-Eden Turner land in its Department of Agronomy as assistant professor of turfgrass science. He will be turfgrass extension specialist. Barry C. Erwin is owner of Superior Spraying Service, 
Monroe, La. The company han-dles only chemical application, 
both liquid and granular. The 
company services both lawns 
and woody ornamentals. Tom Speirs is president of Lawn-a-Mat of Reston & 
Manassas, Inc., Vienna, Va. Phil Orchard-Hays is operations manager. The company handles both liquid and granular chemical application and also provides seeding. It is an ex-
franchise. Paul Bizon is manager and Pat Nibler is field coordinator for 
Prograss Liquidcare Lawn Ser-vice, Hubbard, Ore. Tom DeAr-mond is company president of the liquid chemical lawn care company. Ned Kelly is owner of Kelly Lawn Care Corp., Indianapolis, Ind. The company handles chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance. Charles Reeves is a new franchisee of Chem-Care Lawn Service of Alabama, Inc., 
Birmingham. Reeves' franchise 
is based in Tuscaloosa, Ala. Ron-nie Zwiebel is Chem-Care presi-dent. THESTIHL FS-60 WHIPPER SNIPPER. 60 THOUSAND WEEDS TO THE GALLON WM Stihl designed the Whipper Snipper to eat up grass,weeds, even light brush. Not gas. It does Pp^P this remarkably well.What's more, it does it *7 quietly. The Whipper Snipper has a special muifler to hide all 20.0 c.c. s oi power irom your ears. And a shoulder strap to hide what little weight there is from your back. It's easy to start, easy to handle k And its exclusive PolycutŽ head outlasts, and out-
Ik cuts, even the heaviest line trimmers. The Stihl Ł Whipper Snipper. You won t get more mileage K irom any other brushcutter. Ł Ml C Stihl Inc . 1980 "" For sales and service see the Yellow Pages under saws For your local dealer s M name call toll-tree 1 -800-528-6050. ext 1430 In Arizona call 1-800-352-0458. ext 1430 The World's Largest Selling Chain Saw. Now a Controlled Release Nitrogen In Solution. Formdene Fertilizer '"Trademark. Ashland Oil, Ine Turf-tested, true-solution nitrogen fertilizers developed especially for lawn and turf professionals. No burning, quick green up, nitrogen released in one season. No agitation, no clogging, no bag handling. No aggravation. FORMOLENE controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is a clear water solution of short-chain urea formaldehyde polymers. Soil pH activates FORMOLENE fertilizer into water insoluble nitrogen that's slowly broken down by microbial action to release usable nitrogen for healthy turf and lasting color throughout the season. But there's also sufficient readily available nitrogen for the rapid color response your customers like to see. And all the nitrogen in yourformulation isavailable within thegrowing season. In Spring, FORMOLENE fertilizer quickly greens up turf, but without that burst of growth which leads to disease and excessive mowing schedules. During hot, dry Summer, FORMOLENE fertilizer won't burn, yet maintains steady growth with adequate watering while holding color for several months. For Fall lawn care spray programs, you can strengthen root formations and obtain Winter carryover of nitrogen for moderate growth the following Spring. FORMOLENE fertilizer blends easily with other N, P and K nutrients and with most turf herbi-cides, insecticides and fungicides. It feeds both foliar and through the rootsystem. FORMOLENE fertilizer resists leaching and volatilization and can be used at rates as high as 2 lb per 1,000sq. ft. per application without burning. Yet ratesof less than 1 lb per 1,000sq. ft. per application can yield 
excellent results. One gallon of FORMOLENE fertilizer contains about 3 lb of N. FORMOLENE fertilizer can be stored in mild steel or plastic tanks and is available from Ashland in 20-ton tank truck loads. Smaller 
quantities and complete custom fertilizer blends are available from authorized dealers. 
Our dealers can assist you with blending and mixing information to achievetheexactanalysis you require for turf conditions in your area. In short, FORMOLENE fertilizers and blends are the ideal way to get nitrogen to your customers' lawns. We'll be glad to tell you more. To take the aggravation out of your 1980 lawn care program, write Ashland Chemical Company, Chemical Systems Division, Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216. Or call one of our FORMOLENE fertilizer experts at (614) 889-3490. Ashland\ Ashland Chemical Company DIVISION OF ASHLAND OIL. INC. Selective Herbicide for crabgrass in turf Why have more turf care professionals selected Betasan herbicide? Betasan is tops in crabgrass control. Betasan is easy on established grass. Betasan is a pre-emergence herbicide.. .you stop crabgrass before it starts. Betasan is economical and reliable to use. Betasan is available from these fine private label distributors: Firm Brand Name Sales Area Best Products Div. of Zoecon Corp. Lathrop, California BestŽ 4-E and 12.5-G West Coast Southwest PBI Gordon Corp. Kansas City, Kansas Betamec-4Ž National Lakeshore Equipment and Supply Co., Inc. Elyria, Ohio Lescosan 4-E, 12.5-G and 7-G East of Rockies Agway, Inc. Syracuse, New York Betasan 7-G Northeast Pratt-Gabriel Div. Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Co. Paterson, New Jersey PrattŽ 4-E, 12.5-G, 3.6-G and 7-G Northeast Mallinckrodt, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri Pre-SanŽ 4-E, 12.5-G and 7-G National Pro-Lawn Products, Inc. Syracuse, New York Betasan 7-G Northeast Rockland Chemical Co. West Caldwell, New Jersey RocklandŽ 4-E, 12.5-G and 7-G Northeast Betasan, the one choice for you. Always follow label directions carefully. Stauffer Chemical Company, Agricultural Chemical Division, Westport, Connecticut 06880. Stauffer Betasan* QQ -UH > OC H 
co 
D Q 
2 w a: < u 2 MARKETING IDEA FILE Seek out poorly maintained properties Lawn maintenance professionals should not feel guilty about contacting owners and managers of poorly maintained properties which are already being serviced by a competitor, according to Jack Mattingly, of Jack Mattingly Associates, Inc., Charlotte, N.C. Mattingly, speaking at an ALCA Maintenance Symposium in Milwaukee, Wis., said his company has had "excellent results" in developing clients by driving around a community and evaluating poorly maintained properties. "First we get clearance from security if necessary," he said. "Then we walk around the place and make out a field report." The report spells out the maintenance needs of the property in very precise terms. "We then take the report back to the office and make a telephone call to the client to find out who we should address the report to." Mattingly then sends the prospective client a marketing package consisting of a cover letter, brochure, and several business cards. A response card stating, "Return this card to 
avoid another one of those unwanted phone calls" is also in-cluded. Further, the response card contains a listing of services of-fered by the company including plant care renovation, prun-ing, turf care only. The prospective client checks those ser-vices he would like to purchase or is interested in. Spaces are also provided which state that the company is not interested in purchasing a maintenance service at this time or that they are currently under contract to another com-
pany. "That let's us know that we need to check and see when their current contract is going to expire," Mattingly said. He added that the response card is very effective in making contact with owners and managers who may have a lot on their minds. "He can read it (response card) very fast, check the services he would like, and give it to his secretary." However, Mattingly readily admits that he has angered some of his competitors by utilizing this marketing strategy. But he is quick to add that if his competition can't do an ac-
ceptable job they "really don't have any business being in 
business." THE NEW, 4 BILLION YEAR-OLD LAWNGARE DISCOVERY. Micro-Munch puts life back into lawns with billions of microorgan-isms to loosen and aerify the soil, and turn compacted mat & thatch into rich humus. MICRO MUNCH. A GIANT STEP BACKWARD. In the beginning, the earth's soil was tilled with natural organisms that quickly decomposed organic 
debris and promoted deep-rooted, healthy vegetation. But over the years, man has destroyed much of this'natural balance with 
over-fertil-ization, harm-ful insecticides and machinery that com pacted and literally "squeezed" the life out of the soil. All this has led to unhealthy, weak-rooted, problem lawns with thick, unnatural mat and thatch. To solve the problem, the scientists at Agro-Chem took a long look backward, and de-veloped Micro-Munch as part of their famous Green Magic Lawncare System. Micro-Munch is the first product that actually restores the natural organisms necessary for healthy, lush, disease-resistant turf. Micro-Munch reduces maintenance costs. By restoring nature's balance, spray-applied Micro-Munch can actually lower your maintenance costs by reducing the need for fertilizing, watering and pesticide application. And Micro-Munch will eliminate the need for Power Raking and frequent reseeding and resodding. Micro-Munch works fast and is easy to apply. Once applied, Micro-Munch's balanced soil diet goes right to work, naturally decomposing harmful accumulated mat and thatch-up to %" within 9 to 12 weeks-turning it into nutritious humus. And Micro-Munch sprays on quickly, for noticeable results in weeks. New Turf Begins With a Phone Call. Or A Stamp. To find out how Micro-Munch can work to restore lush new life to your grounds, and "actually reduce maintenance costs, return the attached coupon. Or for faster service, call us collect. Micro-Munch. It's an idea CALL MR. THOMAS GREENE, COLLECT 312-455-6900 IT'S ABOUT TIME AGRO'CHEM, INC. Name Where the grass is always greener. 11150 W. Addison, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131 Company. Address. City_ State Phone My turf is. .Sq. Ft., or_ -Zip. acres Ł I m interested in becoming a Micro-Munch distributor or dealer. Large Quantity Discounts Available. RETURN COUPON TO: Agro-Chem, Inc. 11150 W. Addison, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131 PRECAUTIONS Guidelines for working with pesticides safely Pesticides and other chemicals are used extensively in the lawn care industry. Some are safe, but 
many are dangerous if not han-dled or applied properly. There-fore, according to extension spe-
cialist Glenn H. Hetzel, a variety 
of pesticide handling guidelines should be followed including: Ł Everyone involved in apply-ing organophosphorus pesticides should exercise extra care and 
should get a cholinesterase blood test before the work season to es-
tablish their baseline. Then, if poisoning symptoms occur, 
further blood tests will show 
changes in cholinesterase, which 
could indicate poisoning from 
organophosphorus materials. Ł All pesticides should be stored separately from other sup-plies, materials, tools, or normal work areas. The storage area 
should be cool, dry, and locked whenever unattended. If possi-ble, the storage area should be a separate building of fireproof construction and should be ven-ted to the outside. Further, signs should be posted to indicate that dangerous materials are stored there. Ł Pesticide training should in-clude the symptoms of pesticide 
poisoning. Proper protective 
equipment and clothing should be provided and required for anyone handling pesticides. Those mixing and applying pesti-cides need more protection than those who move the material into or out of storage. Always follow the instructions on the label and note the toxicity level when mak-ing decisions on what pre-cautions are needed for a specific pesticide. Ł When mixing pesticides, the use of splash-proof goggles, 
gloves, and apron are man-datory. When mixing 
organophosphates and other highly toxic pesticides, a full face 
shield, clothing to cover arms, and the proper respirator are 
necessary. Since pesticides are 
absorbed through the skin, as well as inhaled, every pre-caution should be taken. to page 44 T M SOPllsSOil Gypsum adds profitable extra sales to your lawn care business! i- /t y ¡ft**-' Sof'n-SoilŽ Lawn & Garden Gypsum is a natural soil conditioner you can depend on to help 
boost your business two ways, two times a year. In Spring, application of Sof'n-Soil gypsum helps make fertilizers work more effectively all season long 
by loosening up heavy clay. This allows root systems to develop normally to keep lawns thriving all summer. In Fall, application of Sof'n-Soil gypsum works like health insurance to protect against the harmful effects of winter de-icing salt. Sodium chloride is toxic to most plants, causes heavy clay soils to tighten, keeps water from leaching out the salt. The available calcium in Sof'n-Soil gypsum replaces toxic sodium attached to the clay soil particles, permits new 
seed or sod to grow normally. Look into the multi- ,, profit opportunities of adding Sof'n-Soil gypsum Hf/ 
benefits to your services. Remind ecologically-conscious prospects that Sof'n-Soil gypsum is non-toxic, noncaustic, harmless to plants, pets and people. Ł For specifics, write to us at 101 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, III. 60606, Dept. LCI-280. Im yjy ¡Works likemilltonsofiiny hoes CHEMICALS DIVISION UNITED STATES GYPSUM PRIMARY SUPPLIER OF SECONDARY PLANT NUTRIENTS MOWERS/TRACTORS Work with government, Toro's McLaughlin tells OPEI execs The outdoor power equipment industry today is a strong in-dustry, providing an essential service. By almost any measure, the industry should be one that is respected and appreciated. But 
that is not the case today and it is even less likely to be so in the near future. So said David T. McLaughlin, chairman of the Toro Co., Min-
neapolis, in his recent outgoing speech as president of the Out-door Power Equipment Institute. "Despite our efforts to improve voluntarily the safety of 
our product line, to reduce noise 
levels of our equipment, to strengthen our service, and to give the customer greater value 
for his purchase, despite these praiseworthy programs, we are being depicted as neanderthals in the consumer area," 
McLaughlin told outdoor power equipment execs. Many of his 
remarks involving government 
intervention could have been made by any supplier to the lawn care industry, equipment or 
chemical. "We employ directly almost 24,000 men and women who are paid more than $345 million in salaries/wages and we are finan-cially viable," he said. "We are 
customers of industries that sup-ply us with goods and services that contribute $445 million an-nually to the gross national pro-duct and employ some 30,000 persons. "While we are today an in-dustry that is generally corporate in form and in many instances part of larger conglomerate ac-tivity, we are, nevertheless, first and foremost an industry com-
prised of individuals, people who genuinely care about their fellow man and who have pride 
in their accomplishments." In addition to being depicted as "neanderthals", McLaughlin went on to say: "We are engaged in a lawsuit with the government of the United States of America. We are criticized by consumer groups. We are at times vic-timized by product liability lawyers. We are the target of 
regulatory agencies too 
numerous to list. "I have given a great deal of thought as to why all this has oc-curred. It is not short-term in its 
development and certainly we 
are not alone in this dilemma. In varying degrees, most industries ( Mauget TVee Injection > Seminars, they're meetings ^ worth repeating ^ Should you attend a Mauget tree injection seminar again? New and experienced applicators can profit from yearly Mauget tree injection seminars. If you've been to a seminar before, you'll want to come again for a booster shot of new information. It's a meeting worth repeating. New applicators will learn about the Mauget Tree Injection Process and participate in indi-vidual field training. Experienced applicators will receive information about new injection techniques, results of field research, new EPA registrations, and sales and marketing of the Mauget product line. Add it up. There's new slide programs, new information, and valuable marketing 
techniques. Plan Now To Attend. Each tree care firm who purchased Mauget capsules in 1979 will re-
ceive one free registration. Choose the loca-tion nearest you. Seminars begin at 9 a.m. Evening seminars begin at 7 p.m. r\ February 12 Montgomery, AL Ramada Inn 29 Charlotte, N.C. Registry Inn I-77, Woodlawn Rd. Exit March 3 Macon, GA Ramada Inn Riverside North I-75, Pierce Ave. Exit 4 Birmingham, AL Airport Holiday Inn I-59 & I-20 Airport Exit 5 Memphis, TN Airport Holiday Inn I-55, Brooks Rd. Exit 7 Bowling Green, KY Ramada Inn I-65 Greenwood Int. (Rt. 231) 7 Erie, PA Holiday Inn South I-90 & Rt. 97 Exit 7 8 Knoxville, TN Holiday Inn-University Center I-40 at 17th St. Exit 8 Monroeville, PA Sheraton On-The-Mall PA Turnpike, Exit 6 11 Williamsburg, VA Williamsburg Lodge 11 Mellville, L.I., N.Y. Musicaro's of Mellville Rt. 110 12 Gaithersburg, MD Holiday Inn I-270 Montgomery Village Ave. Exit 12 Paramus, N.J. Holiday Inn-Paramus Garden St. Parkway, Exit 165N 13 Hershev, PA Hotel Hersney 13 Armonk, N.Y. Ramada Inn 
Rt. 684 (Exit 3) & Rt. 22 14 Wilmington, DE Brandywine Hilton I-95, Naamans Rd. Exit 14 Norwalk, Conn. Norwalk Holiday Inn I-95, Exit 13 18 Cincinnati, OH Cincinnati Northeast Holiday Inn 1-71, Fields-Ertel Rd. 18 State College, PA Holiday Inn Rt. 322 South 19 Ft. Wayne, IN Hospitality Inn I-69, Exit 111A (Rt. 3) 19 Scranton, PA Scranton Sheraton Inn 1-81, Exit 52 20 Cleveland, OH Brown Derby Inn Ohio Turnpike, Exit 12 & St. Rt. 8 20 Binghamton, N.Y Holiday Inn, Hawley St. N.Y. 17, Exit 72 21 Farmington, Ml Botsford Inn I-96 & 8 Mile Rd. (Rt. 102) 21 Albany, N.Y. 
Sheraton Airport Inn I-87, Exit 4, 200 Wolf Rd. 27 Rochester, N.Y. (Evening) Sheraton Inn South I-90 (Exit 46) & Rt. 15 April 3 Syracuse, N.Y. (Evening) Holiday Inn North 1-81 & I-90 (Exit 36) 10 East Aurora, N.Y. Erie County Cooperative Extension 21 S. Grove St. sai)eitees : 2. Oi 800-423-2699 SEND THIS REGISTRATION COUPON OR FACSIMILE TODAY TO: J. J. MAUGET COMPANY, P.O. Box 3422, Burbank, CA 91504 Please reserve. . places at the (location) .meeting. Ł Check here for free registration Distributor s Name Name (s) Representing Address Phone suffer from the same fate. I am also convinced that the actions of our industry and association have been more responsive and constructive than they have been perceived to be since we have 
come into greater visibility un-9! David T. McLaughlin is chairman of the Toro Co., Minneapolis, Minn., and outgoing president of the Out-door Power Equipment Institute. His speech last year to OPEI executives as he stepped down detailed the many steps the mower industry has taken to comply with government regulations. der the government's magnifying glass. "It was June, 1960, 19 years ago, when our industry first im-plemented the voluntary stan-dard process. It was recognized 
as an evolutionary effort. The first standards were not totally effective, but they were a begin-ning, in 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1974 revisions were enacted. Of even greater significance was the 
decision in 1970, when voluntary self-certification was replaced 
by certification by an outside 
independent agency. To be sure, each change was greeted by com-plaints from individual members that we were going further than we needed, but in retrospect 
were sound moves.. "Then, in 1973, recognizing that the day of mandatory stan-dards had dawned with the crea-tion of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the 
industry took a significant in-
tiative and petitioned the new 
commission to enact a mandatory lawn mower standard based on 
our voluntary program. "When our offer to develop the standard was rejected and the job of the author was given to the critic, we pledged our coopera-tion in the process and urged the evolution of stronger standards as technology permitted. "We have constructively and consistently argued for the adop-tion of performance standards and financed outside consultants to introduce cost/benefit measurements to the standards process. "When the CPSC staff was un-willing or unable to develop a performance standard, we un-dertook to fund a project to dem-onstrate the feasibility of design-
ing such a standard and I believe we have been successful. "In many respects, we have plowed new ground in standards technology and in the process have spent over a quarter of a million dollars in this area lone. This is only one example of responsible industry action. Our record is replete with other ex-LAWN CARE INDUSTRY READER SERVICE CARDŠFEBRUARY 1980 (expire, m90days) Use this prepaid reader service card to get additional information on producta or services mentioned in this issue (Card must be completed before processing) NAME TITLE BUSINESS ADDRESS STATE If you would like a subscription to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY circle number 101. Subscription cost is $10.00 per year To help us better service you editorially, please answer the following: 1. Are you primarily involved in. Ł Chemical lawn care and maintenance services Ł Chemical application only Ł Mowing and other maintenance services Ł Other (specify) Application Ł Liquid Ł Granular Ł Both 2. Is your business location: Ł Headquarters Ł Branch office 3. Is your business: Ł Independent Ł Chain 
Ł Franchise Ł Other (specify) 4. Title: Ł President Ł Owner Ł Manager 
Ł Technician 
Ł Other (specify) . 5. Number of accounts. Ł Less than 500 
Ł 500-1.000 Ł 1.001-5.000 Ł 5.001-10.000 
Ł 10,001-25.000 
Ł 25.000 or more 6. Estimated annual sales volume: Ł Less than $50.000 Ł $50.001-100.000 Ł $100.001-250,000 Ł $250,001-500.000 Ł $500.001-1.000.000 Ł $1.000.000 or more Ł Please send product information only on items circled Ł Please have a salesman call me about items circled. Best time to call me is . SIGNATURE. .DATE-CIRCLE THE ITEM 101 102 103 121 122 123 141 142 143 
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259 260 BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2675 CLEVELAND. OHIO NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE ATTENTION: THE EDITORS LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44102 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 665 DULUTH. MINN POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE LAWN CARE INDUSTRY P.O. BOX 6136 DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55806 Editor's Information Card HELP US TO HELP YOU The editors of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY would appreciate your comments on the magazine s contents. Please write your message below, tear out the card, and mail. Postage Is prepaid. Which article In this issue did you find the most interesting and/or helpful? What subjects would you like us to cover in future issues of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY? ADDRE8S_ B CITY STATE ZIP ampies of positive industry in-itiatives relating to noise, safety education, service training and many other areas. "Have the results from these well-intended investments been 
such that one might ask if this ap-proach of constructive co-operation and initiative con-tinues to make sense? "In concluding my term in of-fice, I would like to respond to that question in a way I hope will 
contribute to the future well-
being of this industry. "First, I believe we must recognize that we live today in a regulated economy. While the 
excesses of regulation are evi-
dent and painful, this situation 
did not evolve in a vacuum. "In large measure, it came about because industry failed to 
respond to the legitimate needs of many consumers and govern-ment stepped in as their sur-rogate. The fact that it has been 
done without sufficient under-standing of the principles of the 
free enterprise system and with a zeal resulting in a loss of pro-
ductivity is alarming and inex-cusable. But the fact remains that the conditions that brought this about were due to industry's failing to recognize the needs and political strength of the con-sumer. "Through our actions and of others, the pendulum is swinging back but we must recognize that if it swings too far, we can expect new rounds of intervention and regulation that could be even 'This is a necessary in-dustry. If we continue to exercise enlightened leadership, the in-itiatives of the future will emerge from a coalition of industry and consumers rather than from un over-zealous government." more damaging in the future. To assure this does not occur, I suggest we test each decision we make against a standard of openess; of willingness to pursue new approaches to benefit the consuming public and of 
firmness in our challange to bureacratic programs that have no advantage for the consumer. And we must always be prepared to question ourselves and to be questioned to make certain our programs are not designed to help the industry or a segment of the industry to the detriment of the consumer. "These are the criteria we have tried to employ, not always successfully, but I submit that as long as the industry continues to 
be willing to step up to every 
issue with our customers' 
welfare foremost in mind and to interface on a personal and cor-
porate basis with public officials, we will in time achieve the credibility we deserve. "The role of our association in this process is self-evident. If anyone doubts the value of this association they have only to "We need to lead and not to lag behind govern-ment or regulatory developments. The present system in which consumers, the government and industry end up in an adversary relationship is simply not viable over the long term.11 consider the degree and extent of our combined influence and the 
cost of funding it. No one com-
pany in the industry has the in-
clination or the resource base to accomplish what OPEI has done. This does not mean we 
should subordinate our in-dividual identity to that of OPEI. We must supplement the associa-tion programs with direct involvement of our own. It is vitally important that each of us be involved in the process both individually and through the association. Next to irresponsible government regulation, our most pressing problem is member apathy. "Besides recognizing that our actions as individual companies and as a trade association need to be accepted as responsible by our publics, a second require-ment is to step up our leadership role. We need to lead and not to 
lag behind government or 
regulatory developments. The 
present system in which con-
sumers, the government and in-dustry end up in an adversary relationship is simply not viable over the long term. "Unless business takes the lead to forge a new coalition with responsible consumer groups 
and invite the government to audit the process, there will be no way to break the stalemate. "I believe we are moving in the right direction. Our in-dustry's leadership is beginning 
to be visible through the regulatory haze. Here are a few 
examples: ŁOur willingness to develop a performance standard for blade contact when the regulatory staff said it was not possible. ŁOur decision to develop responsive and effective perfor-
mance standards for riders and for thrown objects before the government imposes unrealistic standards. ŁOur willingness to imple-ment a voluntary noise labeling program. These are classic exam-ples of industry leadership. to page 14 > S z n > 50 m z g co H 50 m oo CALIFORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Ł DIRECT SALES Ł DISPLAYS 6 EXHIDITS Ł SEMINARS G DISCUSSIONS Ł COVERS TOTAL LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY Ł NATIONALLY SCHEDULED ADVERTISING SPONSORED G PRODUCED DY THE CALI-FORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION FOR THE ENTIRE LAND-
SCAPE INDUSTRY. 1960 LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY SHOW LONG B•ACH CONVENTION CENTER LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA (714) 979-CLCA or (916) 448-CLCA OD -bu OC p co D Q 2 w oc < u 2 £ < MONEYWISE How to decrease employe accident rates Lawn care operators can significantly decrease the traffic accident rates of their employes by enrolling them in the National Safety Council's (NSC) defensive driving course, ac-cording to NSC spokesman Fred Fray. "Overall, 32.8 percent of those individuals who are grad-uates of our defensive driving training course have fewer ac-
cidents than those that have not had the benefit of a defen-sive driving course," he said. Fray said the eight-hour course is designed to teach in-dividuals how to avoid possible accident situations and how to prevent accidents from occuring. He is quick to add that it is not a driver's training course like those taught in high schools. More than 10 million people throughout the United States have graduated from the program since it was first es-tablished in the early 1960's. A wide variety of public agen-cies and private corporations currently utilize NSC's training 
programs in an attempt to prevent, and ultimately reduce the occurence of traffic accidents. Lawn care operators and their employes can take the course by: Ł Contacting the National Safety Council in Chicago. They will provide you with a list of qualified instructors at "coop-erative agencies" (i.e. state agencies, qualified training schools, etc.) in your local community. Ł One of your own employes can teach the course if he or she has undergone instructor training at NSC headquarters in Chicago or through a certified instructor training program in your local community. The cost of the program is about $900 the first year and about $300 for each succeeding year. This includes a one-time charge of $562 for the instructor's kit and a yearly $310 leasing fee for eight educational films which accompany the pro-gram. The instructor's kit includes a manual, felt boards, flip chart, and magnetized blackboard for recreating accident situations. Student workbook manuals are also available for 1 each. For further information contact the National Safety Coun-cil, 444 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611. MCLAUGHLIN from page 13 "The fact that we are doing these things using sound cost/benefit guidelines are in-volving consumers in the process is evidence of our willingness to fulfill our rightful 
role. We cannot turn back from these efforts for they are in both the short and long term interests of the consumer and the 
industry. Lastly, we need to improve our public image, not with cosmetics 
or mirrors, but with substance. This is an area where every member of the industry can con-tribute directly. We need to become better-informed on the one hand and better com-municators on the other: ŁWith the press ŁWith our state representa-tives ŁWith our congressmen Ł With our other con-stituencies. "These important re-lationships require cultivation and personal involvement. Unless each of us is prepared to devote our energies here, we have no basis for complaint when our story does not get across. "To those who would prefer to take to the trenches or circle the wagons, I should emphasize that I am not advocating compro-mising our rights or encouraging more regulatory interference. I 
am advocating recognition of 
realities, a willingness to take 
leadership roles in the govern-ment process and lastly, I am 
urging your active participation 
in communicating our position to the media and to government representatives. By taking responsible positions, we have 
earned the right to participate 
fully in the government process and to influence its direction. "This is a necessary industry. If we continue to exercise 
enlightened leadership, the in-itiatives of the future will emerge from a coalition of in-
dustry and consumers rather than from an overzealous government. We will then be an even stronger industry, stronger 
because we will be making a more positive contribution to the society we serve. I, O.M. Scott & Sons Co., Marysvillc, Ohio 43040. All rights reserved. "Here are the 5 most Important things your fertilizer bag ŁS^^f wpirt |r tell you... Dr. George R. McVey Senior Scotts Researcher TURF OVERVIEW Control of bahiagrass and lespedeza in centipedegrass by B.J. Johnson, associate professor, University of Georgia Centipedegrass is well adapted in the coastal plain area from Virginia to Texas and is utilized for home lawns and other areas where minimum care and low 
maintenance are desired. The 
greatest usefulness of this grass is on soils that are too low in fer-tility to support good turf or other species. When centipedegrass is es-tablished in areas where bahia-grass and common lespedeza were previously grown this turf 
species often survive as weeds and a poor quality centipede-grass turf develops. Since both bahiagrass and lespedeza are well adapted to the same low maintenance conditions as centipedegrass, they are difficult to eliminate without the use of herbicides. Experiments were conducted at the Georgia Station, Experi-ment, Ga. for two or more years to determine rates and fre-
quency of herbicide treatments 
needed for Wilmington bahia-grass and common lespedeza control. Bahiagrass and centipedegrass were planted in separate but adjacent areas 
while lespedeza and centipede-
grass were mixed and planted in the same area. Test location was in the Piedmont region and this is 
slightly north of the most favorable bahiagrass growing region. Atrazine applied in two or three treatments at 2.0 lb/A per application resulted in excellent bahia-grass control. However, it was necessary to repeat the treatments a second year for consistent control . . . Pronamide applied alone did not reduce the stand of bahiagrass. Combination treatments of pronamide with atrazine did not reduce the stand when compared with respective atrazine treat-ments alone. LESPEDEZA CONTROL Lespedeza was controlled by a single atrazine treatment (2.0 lb/A) whether applied in April, May, or June. Treatments ap-plied prior to April did not satisfactorily control lespedeza. Since lespedeza germinates dur-ing April in this area, postemergence activity of atrazine on lespedeza was greater than preemergence 1"Nitrogen chemistry is complex/9 "Nitrogen's important because it's the nutrient a grass plant utilizes in the largest amounts. Since soluble nitrogen sources can only feed the turf for a short period of time, the challenge is to combine 
the sources that best contribute to quick green-up, long-lasting 
residual and turf safety. The 
analysis on your fertilizer bag is giving you minimum nitrogen content...it's not telling you how, or how well, your turf will be fed. For that kind of information, you have to consider the chemistry of the fertilizer molecule." Nitrogen release from Methylene Urea can be controlled by altering the chemical structure of the molecule. 2"Nitrogen should be releasing when your grass plant needs it the most." "Of all the ways nitrogen can be released to your grass plant, one of the most efficient is through microbial degradation of a 
complex nitrogen-containing molecule. As temperature stimulates plant growth, it also stimulates the microbes which break down the nitrogen and make it available to your turf. A good controlled-release fertilizer solves the feast or famine problem. Methylene Urea fertilizers work this wayŠthey're feeding your turf what it needs, when it needs it. You get healthy, good-looking turf...and you may not have to 
fertilize as often." 3"The lower the Salt Index, the lower the burn potential/9 "If you burn your grass, at best it has to start growing all over again. Knowing your fertilizer's Salt Index can minimize the risk. The lower it is, the safer you are. The Salt Index is directly related to the manufacturer's choice of 
nutrients and the production process...and there are substantial 
differences among the Salt Indexes of different products. Unfortunately, it's something 
you'll never find on a bag label." A fertilizer can literally draw water from within the grass blade, causing it to collapse and bum. 4 "To be truly efficient, a fertilizer must spread properly." "Improved production processes are replacing mechanical mixes, and use of the term "homoge-neous" is becoming commonŠ maybe too common. Remember, a truly homogeneous product 
contains individual granules of uniform density, size range and nutrient composition. Once you're 
assured they won't gum up in high humidity or blow away in the 
wind, you can be really confident that all your nutrients are being spread evenly." Controlling the fertilizer density, particle size range and nutrient composition makes even distribution possible. 5"If your fertilizer can9t supply what your turf needs, you're wasting the fertilizer, time and money.99 4You can achieve maximum performance from your turf when all essential nutrients in the soil 
are available and in proper 
balance. Excesses and deficiencies can interrupt the uptake of fertilizer nutrients, 
reducing turf density and quality. 
A comprehensive soil test, 
accurately interpreted, is one sure 
way to determine all your nutrient 
needs...and eliminate the guesswork." Scotts research and experience can help keep you in control of your lawn care program. For more information, call the toll free Scottline at 800-643-0006 (in Ohio, call collect, 513/644-0011). Professional Turf Division atrazine activity on lespedeza. Metribuzin (0.5 lb/A) con-trolled 90 percent of the lespedeza when applied as a single application in May. The control was increased to 96 per-cent with a second application of 
metribuzin (0.5 Iba) in June. Excellent bahiagrass control was obtained with a single methazole application (1.0 lb/A) 
in May. None of these herbicide con-centrations (atrazine, 
metribuzin, or methazole) injured centipedegrass when ap-plied to the same plots for two or 
more years. BAHIAGRASS CONTROL Atrazine applied in two or three treatments at 2.0 lb/A per ap-plication resulted in excellent bahiagrass control. However, it 
was necessary to repeat the treatments a second year for con-sistent control. Bahiagrass was controlled 98 to 100 percent from two treatments applied in July and August. Similar treatments 
applied in January and April or April and May resulted in poor control, while April and July 
resulted in intermediate control. These results indicate that dates of treatment are important for maximum bahiagrass control. There was no advantage from three atrazine treatments ap-plied during spring and summer in a single year when compared with control from July and August treatments. Pronamide applied alone did not reduce the stand of bahia-grass. Combination treatments of pronamide with atrazine did not reduce the stand when compared with respective atrazine treat-ments alone. Thus, multiple atrazine treat-ments at 2.0 lb/A per application 
during the summer (July and August) were necessary for com-plete bahiagrass control and repeat treatments during the second year were necessary for consistent control. It should be noted that bahiagrass in this study received optimum fertil-izer and water and different results might be obtained when herbicides are applied under stress conditions. . h g "We kept a good pitch, so you won't have any water problems. ' 15 > ? z o > 50 W z O c CD H 50 m 03 Lescosan, the name you remember for crabgrass control. LESCO Sulfur-Coated Fertilizer, the name to remember for greener turfs. Ron Giffen, Vice President of Notional Sales I've told you about our Lescosan (Betasan*), the best selling pre-emergence crabgrass control on the market. You've proven its effec-tiveness. I'm here to tell you now that Lakeshore Equipment & Supply produces an equally effective line of sulfur-coated fertilizers. LESCO Sulfur-Coated Urea and 100% Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers provide the perfect ingredients for denser, greener turf. The sulfur coating, applied to the fertilizer components, provides controlled release of nutrients for prompt and sustained feeding for safe, ef-ficient and economical fertilization of turf in all areas of the country. As supplier of the most effective full-season crabgrass control on the market Š Lescosan (Betasan*) Š and of the latest in controlled-release (sulfur-coated) fertilizers, manufactured by our subsidiary, Ag Industries Manufacturing, we have a special interest in the turf care market. Lakeshore carries a complete line of turfgrass supplies made and distributed with you in mind. The full family of fine LESCO Products mean quality at affordable prices. LESC# PRODUCTS Division of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co. 300 South Abbe Road, Elyria, Ohio 44035 (216) 323 7544 1-800-321-5325-Nationwide 1 -800-362-7413ŠIn Ohio 1 -216-323-7544ŠCall Collect A Family off Fine Products: Lescosan 12.5GŠLescoreneŠLeseo 4ŠLescoborŠLescoparŠLescopexŠLeseo Non-Selective Herbi-cideŠLeseo MSMAŠLeseo Thiram 75WŠLescozymeŠLakeshore Chinch Bug & Sod Webworm Control. Call Lakeshore today and ask about Lescosan, Sulfur-Coated Fer-tilizers and our other turfgrass supplies. Ask for Barb Š she'll have one of our turf specialists give you the full story and work out a com-plete program tailored to meet your specific needs. Ask about our Lescopex (MCPP) and LESCO 2,4-D. *(BetasanŠregistered TM of the Stauffer Chemical Company.) STRESS Turf seed requirements for non-optimum lawn areas by Doyle W. facklin Agronomist/marketing manager Jacklin Seed Company Post Falls, Idaho The concept of stress has gained considerable attention in recent years. It is a relatively simple matter to grow good turfgrass under ideal cultural conditions. However, when various limita-tions are imposed, "the men are separated from the boys." It is then that the special prod-ucts, including seeds of species and cultivars chosen for at least reasonable adaptation to the cir-
cumstances, stand out, as does the lawn care businessman's skill to utilize them wisely. Stress is imposed upon grow-ing plants from many factors 
operating singly or together. Climate, of course, is a tremen-dous if not the primary in-
fluence. And man has a habit of 
developing wayward locations that are often not at all suitable for turf or other vegetation. Soils range from boggy to droughty, from acid to alkaline, from deep to shallow, and they may be infertile or with unbalanced fer-tility. Natural vegetation is often worn away, weeds introduced, topsoil eroded, subsoil bared by 
the bulldozer. Wherever heavy equipment compacts the ground, traffic, slope and shade accen-
tuate the impact. Thus it becomes quite impor-tant to supply vegetational poten-
tiality for all of these varying situations. Obviously, it is impos-
sible to offer one type of cover that will be suited to all areas. Of course, choice of seeds, appropriate seeding rates, and aids such as mulches, cannot by themselves offset very adverse conditions. That would be ex-pecting the impossible. So, for different planting sites, reducing the cause of stress as much as possible is still the first order of business. Often, long term sur-vival depends upon establishing a reasonable pH, balanced for-tility, proper drainage, organic recycling, etc. Common sense calls for assisting the seeding with site diagnosis, and making such corrections as are possible before a seeding is made. The art and talent inherent in the plan 
can then have a greater chance for fulfillment. Here are some of the ideas our company has found effective for certain stressful situations. Naturally, they should be utilized in a common sense fashion. Where fertility is limiting, application of plant food to a low-rate seeding would make better sense than doubling the seeding rate. If germination 
is a problem, a mulch, not more 
fertilizer and seed, may be the 
answer. Nevertheless, the prod-ucts available today go a long way towards taking care of vegetating stressful habitat so long a bugaboo. Lawn-like habitat. Let's begin by mentioning the fine array of select cultivars for lawns that are now on the market. Almost all of them are low-growing and very attractive Š items like Fylking, Glade and Birka among the Ken-tucky bluegrasses. Almost all modern cultivars have been screened for disease tolerance; some, such as Adelphi, having been laboratory crossed from pedigreed bloodlines. Many are reasonably well adapted to low maintenance Š Birka and Nugget bluegrass for example. Glade, Ram I, and now the newly introduced variety Eclipse, are well-suited to shade, because of their 
improved resistance to mildew 
disease. Some, such as Fylking, are are fine-textured and pleasantly unaggressive; we call Fylking 
one of our "backbone cultivars." These and other cultivars can be blended to provide an evenmore 
widely adapted seeding, pro-fiting from the strength of 
various components. In fact, we do not recommend using any of the improved varieties as a "straight" Š only in blends. And for quick estab-
lishment or handy renovation, a fine assortment of "turf-type" perennial ryegrasses such as Citation, Manhattan and the soon-to-be-introduced Elka and Jackpot cultivars are available. Citation is well-suited to mixtures, shewing less aggre-ssiveness which is desirable in blends or mixtures, and has improved summer brown patch resistance. The unusually fine-leaved variety Elka (leaf texture similar to a fine fescue) and the more winter-hardy variety Jackpot will provide even greater area adaptability. We recommend the usual pre-cautions for lawn-like plantings Š a reasonably well-prepared soil bed so that seed can find a niche in mineral soils, mulching 
of a new seeding wherever possi-
ble, watering in drier climates (at least until the seed is spro-uted and the stand becomes es-tablished), fertilization in keep-ing with soil needs to give the grass good color, density and ad-
vantage over weeds. Today's 
seed is very high in quality, es-
sentially free of objectionable 
weeds and competing crop. With 
bluegrasses, two to three pounds of 1,000 square feet seems ample for full coverage, but four to five 
pounds of perennial ryegrass is 
recommended. Bolens introduces the first mid-size diesel system where all the pieces fit. ŁFMC FMC Corporation 215 South Park Street 
Port Washington, Wisconsin 53074 To you, a mid-size diesel is a working tool that you depend on 7 days a week. Which is why Bolens created the mid-size system that works. It works because it's the first totally integrated diesel system. Only Bolens designs and manu-factures their own mower, front blade, snow thrower and tiller especially to fit their 15-25 hp diesel tractors. And Bolens offers a full line of ^^^ other attachments, all double-checked f for a custom fit. / Which means no wasted time waiting for a dealer to adapt attachments and less time lost when you need to change them on the job. Getting service isn't a hassle either. Factory-trained Bolens dealers are part of a single supply system that gets you attachments and parts when you need them from strategically located, regional distributors. So if you're a farmer, homeowner, contractor, landscapes or anyone else who needs a tough, dependable, economical diesel to work with, get R^^IEMC MFCFI C with the Bolens system. DvLfcllJ 1/lb JErk* It works because all the pieces fit. You CO n't beat th© system. Circle 123 on free information card N.P.K Fertilizer basics: Turfgrass needs, recommendations and rates by C.R. Staib, Boots Hercules Agrochemicals Company and J.T. Hays, Hercules Incorporated Research Center "You are what you eat." This ac-clamation (and admonition) to humankind has in recent years become the battle cry of nutritionists in their war against purveyors of "junk food." Turf-grass agronomists have not yet felt a compulsion to proclaim this axiom as a rallying cry for turf nutrition Š but the urge may be getting stronger. Knowledge of turf nutritional needs continues to expand as old theories and ideas are replaced by new ones. Special correla-tions between nutrient elements and disease incidence and/or weed infestations have recently been determined, and future dis-
coveries of this nature are cer-tain. In the decade of the 70's, annual nitrogen rates were lowered from previous recom-mendations, while phosphates took a back seat to potassium in nearly all areas of the United States. And, in the last year or so, the almost unheard of practice of late fall and winter application of fertilizer on dormant turf has gained recognition as a poten-tially sound management pro-gram. "Potentially" is to say that the practice is still experimental with scientific data limited to a few locations. Nutrient requirements. Turfgrass, like all plants and crops, requires all the essential 
elements. However, the vast ma-jority of nutritional problems in turfgrass involve only nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). In acid or alkaline soils, lime or gypsum may be used to adjust soil pH. Sulfur 
deficiencies are becoming more 
common and may require correc-tion. Micronutrient problems on 
turfgrasses are rare: iron deficiency may be caused by high pH or by an excess of phos-phorus, which may also depress zinc uptake. ©1980. Fallek-Lankro Corporation Nitrogen is the critical element for turfgrass. The amount of ni-trogen available will determine the rate of growth and will greatly influence turf quality. The continuing need for nitrogen over the entire growing season and its susceptibility to losses 
make requirements higher than for other elements. General rec-
ommendations for home lawns are: three to six pounds of nitro-gen for 1,000 square feet per year for cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass; six to 10 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet per year for warm-season grasses such as bermuda-grass. Hybrid bermudagrass and dichondra will respond to higher amounts of nitrogen while St. Augustinegrass will normally re-quire a lower rate. Phosphorus, although neces-sary for many vital growth pro-cesses, is required in much smaller amounts than nitrogen. Much of the phosphorus applied in fertilizer is rapidly im-mobilized in the soil and 
becomes available only over an extended period of time. An ap-
plication of one pound of phos-phorus per 1,000 square feet per year will be adequate for most 
situations. In many areas, residual soil phosphate will 
make regular application neces-sary. Next to nitrogen, potassium is used in largest quantities by all turfgrasses. It is important as a regulator of plant growth pro-
cesses and confers resistance to 
environmental stresses and to 
disease. The recommended rate 
for potassium in turf is about half that for nitrogen, about two pounds per 1,000 square feet per year. On the basis of these require-ments, we can generalize that a 
nutrient ratio (N-P-K) of 4-1-2 (On an annual basis) is optimum for turfgrass. Professional lawn care operators must be keenly aware of the nutritional needs of their 
customers' lawns if they wish to 
retain and expand their 
business. A visit to the local Soil 
Conservation Service district of-fice will be very worthwhile 
since published SCS soil survey data will reveal a great amount 
of information on local soils, in-
cluding their inherent nutritional status, texture and pH trends. Representative soil and plant tissue testing is the best way an operator can determine what 
nutrient deficiencies and ex-
cesses exist in his area. The 
county extension service or a 
private laboratory can advise on the sampling techniques and quantities needed, and will interpret results of the analyses. Testing is recommended every three to four years for each general locale, however, it may frequently assist in diagnosing 
specific problems in sickly lawns 
when they are encountered. Nutrient sources. The common sources of the major nutrients are given in Table 1. Numerous commercial fertil-izers are also available which contain two or more of the major nutrients. This group includes granulated mixed fertilizers (e.g. 18-5-9), dry blended mixed fertil-izers (e.g. water-soluble 34-5-10) natural organics (Milorganite), and solutions (e.g. 10-34-10). GET TOUGH ON WEEDS. PROTECT YOUR TURF WITH MCPP. Make sure your turf gets total protection by using tough, hard working MCPP(mecoprop). It puts an early, first round knockout punch on pesky weeds, but it's gentle to tender grasses. MCPP is the best approved herbicide for chickweed; and it puts bittercress, chickory, cinquefoil, clover, cranesbill and dandelions down for the count. And with the current suspension of silvex for turf, MCPP is the most cost effective alternative by far. Use it with 2, 4-D or tank-mix the MCPP/2, 4-D combination according to label directions with other compatible herbicides, and get an even greater spectrum of weed control. MCPP shapes up like a champion in other ways, too; because there is minimum hazard from root absorption, it works effectively in a wide temperature range; it's bio-degradable; stable several years above 32°F; non-flammable and non-corrosive in use;and treated areas can be seeded within two weeks. Let MCPP fight weeds for you. Look for products that contain MCPP, and ask your local distributor for those that have the MCPP knockout punch. It gets tough while ^ .. you play it safe Fallek- Lankro Corporation One Warrior Road (Holt), P.O. Box H, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35404. 205/556-3550 Caution: Read the entire label before using any pesticide. The nitrogen sources fall into two classes: fast-release (urea and ammonium salts) and controlled-release (ureaform, IBDU and sulfur-coated urea). The controlled-release fertilizers offer greater safety, reduced 
losses and sustained feeding be-tween applications. Another important character-istic of fertilizers is their poten-tial for foliar burn as indicated by the salt index. For example, the ammonium salts and 
potassium chloride have high salt indexes, potassium sulfate is 
intermediate, and the controlled-release materials are low. Ionic reactions. Many factors are important in the utilization of 
plant nutrients. These factors 
combine soil physical and 
chemical characteristics and mi-
crobiological activity. Plant nutrients become available only when they are dissolved in the soil solution. Fertilizer salts dis-
sociate into positive and negative ions before they are absorbed and taken into the roots. Example: ammonium nitrate, NFhNCh, dissolves in the soil solution to form NH4 + and NO*-. These positively and negatively charged ions are attracted to op-positely charged particles (colloids) of clay and organic matter and to oppositely charged 
particles on the root hairs of growing plants. This process is involved in ab-sorption of nutrients. Due to their chemical structure, clay 
particles and decomposed soil 
organic matter (humus) carry a net negative charge. Positively charged ions (cations) in the soil 
solution are attracted to the sur-face of clays or humus materials, and can exchange positions with 
other ions, e.g. hydrogen (H + ) on the root hairs and adjacent soil colloidal surfaces. The ability of a soil to adsorb cations is known as the cation exchange capacity (C.E.C.). The higher the C.E.C., the more fertile the soil is con-sidered to be, because it retains nutrient cations. A few nutrient elements Š ni-trogen, phosphorus and sulfur, exist in the soil solution as negative charged oxide ions (anions), and are absorbed direc-tly into the root cells in this form (some nitrogen is taken into the roots as the positive charged am-monium ion NH4-I-). Potassium, calcium, mag nesium and the micro-nutrient metals iron, manganese, zinc and copper are positively charged ca-tions adsorbed on the soil and organic matter colloidal sur-faces. Through the process of ca-tion exchange, these ions move through the soil solution and become available to the roots. Boron and are diffused into the root cells from the soil solution as negatively charged FLBCh- or 
HBO and MoO. The solubility of the inorganic salts containing plant nutrients determines in large part their availability. Generally, nutrient 
elements occur in abundance in most soils Š far in excess of ac-
tual needs of the plant. However, they exist in forms so slowly soluble that, without supplemen-tal fertilizer applications, the needs of growing turf cannot be met. Mineralization of organic mat-ter. Nitrogen, phosphorus, sul-fur, carbon, hydrogen and ox-ygen are basic components of soil organic matter. Through a process known as mineraliza-
tion, small amounts of these ele-ments are released each year by the action of microorganisms. Some nutrients are structural elements which are released into the soil solution by weathering; 
these include phosphorus, 
potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Micronutrient ele-
ments exist as metal-organic complexes and also as compo-nents of insoluble phosphates, particularly in the case of iron. The combination of microbial ac-tivity and weathering releases these elements slowly into the soil solution. Micronutrients such as iron, copper, zinc, boron, manganese and molybdenum may be released in suffificient 
quantity by these processes. These elements may even be present in irrigation water in quantities to satisfy plant needs. ŁŁŁŁŁŁI IHM Table 1. The common sources of the major nutrients. % Nutrient Content Product Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Monoammonium Phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulfate Ureaform IBDU Sulfur-Coated Urea Urea-Formaldehyde Solution Chemical Formula N P.Os K.O S CO(NH2)2 46 0 0 0 NH4NO3 34 0 0 
0 (NFL)2S04 21 0 0 
24 NH4H2P04 13 52 0 
0 (NH4)2HPC>4 18 46 0 0 
KC1 0 0 60 0 
K2SO4 0 0 
53 18 (-urea-CH2-urea-)n 38 0 
0 0 
urea-CH-urea I 31 0 0 
0 I CaHr 32-37 0 0 15-2( Free urea + 30 0 
0 0 
urea-CH2OH > Z O > m Z a c 09 H ?o a m 03 fine, finen finest EVERYWHERE rv * ***** ******* ***** , ****** ***** ******. ***** I I tv - ' V ' 4 THE BEST SEED SHOULD DO MORE THAN GROW GREEN GRASS v Ł ' . v . .. .Ł - » Ł -ic*. i»*^ . Ł a \ Ł ? ^ >>. ^ Acclaimed throughout the world, ADELPHI Ken-tucky Bluegrass seed has been a top performer in density, disease resistance, drought, heat, cold and is completely free of noxious weeds. ADELPHI, a first generation apomictic hybrid, has been chosen by the Plant Variety Protection office in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture as the stan-dard green color which all other bluegrasses ap-plying for plant protection will be compared to. For uniformity in turf growth, for thicker, greener grass insist upon the best. ADELPHI For information, contact: J & L ADIKES, INC. Jamaica, N.Y. 11423 JONATHAN GREEN & SONS Farmingdale, N.J. 07727 NORTHRUP KING CO. Minneapolis, Minn. 55413 VAUGHAN-JACKLIN CORP. Bound Brook, N.J. 08805 Downers Grove, III. 60515 Post Falls, Idaho 83854 Canadian Inquiries: ROTHWELL SEEDS LTD., Box 511, Lindsay Ont. K9V 4L9 Other International Inquiries NORTHRUP KING CO.. Minneapolis, Minn. 55413 (U S Plant Patent NO 3150) THE GREENER KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS 20 Nitrogen fertilization. In any discussion of turfgrass nutrition, nitrogen will remain the nutrient of primary concern. It is the prin-cipal component of amino acids o and proteins, which comprise 
£ much of the protoplasm of plant tissue. It is used in the formation of chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis. Nitrogen affects growth and density, disease resistance, tolerance to temperature and moisture stress and plant color. § The most obvious sign of nitro-2 gen deficiency is yellowing of the leaf blades. Turf has a con-tinuing need for nitrogen, partic-P ularly. during its rapid growth periods. These occur in the fall 
for cool-season grasses and in the spring for warm-season grasses. Urea (46% N) is the soluble ni-trogen source most frequently applied to home lawns. Urea is 
rapidly converted to ammonia (NH:<) on the soil surface by the action of the enzyme urease. Un-
der alkaline conditions or in the absence of sufficient moisture, this reaction can lead to loss of ammonia by volatilization. In the 
presence of moisture, ammonia forms ammonium hydroxide which disassociates into NH4+ ions in the soil solution. In the temperatures above 60 degrees F. in well-drained soils, soil bac-teria convert the ammonium ni-
trogen to nitrate (NOa-) quite rapidly; conversion may be com-plete at 75 degress F. in two weeks. Nitrate nitrogen is extremely soluble, and because of its negative charge is not absorbed 
on the negatively charged soil 
colloids. As it moves freely in the soil solution, the portion not taken up by the plant is leached beyond the root system. Since turfgrass roots readily take up nitrate nitrogen, the plant can easily be overstimulated beyond 
levels needed for healthy growth Š by other soluble sources as well as urea. Care must, therefore, be taken that soluble nitrogen sources are not applied in too large amounts. Application of more than one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet (or even less under summer conditions) not only runs the risk of foliar burn, as 
previously mentioned, but forces top growth at the expense of root development. Root growth practically ceases when luxury consumption of ni-trogen occurs. It should be remembered that the objective of good turf culture is not a high 
yield of clippings, but rather maintenance of an adequately dense turf with acceptable color. When application of soluble ni-trogen leads to a flush of rapid growth, the grass must still be mowed to the desired height, but removal of more than 40 percent of the top grass stops root growth. A gradual, moderate rate of growth thus becomes an impor-tant objective. In this connection, it should be noted that factors 
other than nitrogen can be im-portant in maintaining good color. Color responses to sulfur and iron have ferquently been reported. Lawn care operators should be aware of responses to these nutrients in their area. If color can be maintained with minimum levels of nitrogen, the 
result will generally be a healthier turf. Slow-release nitrogen sources allow a more gradual conversion to the available nitrate form, and can markedly improve on the feast and famine syndrome asso-
ciated with use of soluble prod-
ucts. Slow-release nitrogen. Nitroform ureaform (38%N) is a synthetic organic fertilizer com-posed of low molecular weight methyleneureas containing 27% water-insoluble nitrogen (71% of the total nitrogen). The soluble fraction consists of short-chain polymers which are easily con-verted by soil organisms to am-monium and nitrate forms. The 
insoluble portions contain inter-mediate molecular weight polymers which are soluble in hot water and longer chains which are insoluble in hot water. As the solubility decreases, each succeeding fraction is more resistant to microbial decomposi-tion, but nevertheless is even-tually converted to available ni-
trogen. The cold-water and hot-water soluble fractions are released over a period of weeks, 
but the hot-water insoluble frac-tion is slower and may release some of its nitrogen in the follow-ing growing season. The net 
result is a fertilizer which pro-
vides continuous, sustained ni-trogen feeding. Nitroform ureaform is available in both powder form (Powder Blue) and granular form (BlueChip). The rate of release is significantly increased by use of the powder form. A good nitrogen management program can be developed for 
any turfgrass by combining and/or alternating Nitroform ni-trogen with soluble sources. Many years of experience in us-ing ureaform on sports turf and home lawns have shown that when half of the annual nitrogen 
is from ureaform and half from 
soluble sources such as urea, peak demands can be met and sustained feeding provided dur-ing* the summer months. Powder Blue particles are fine enough to be sprayed as a suspension containing 2 to 3 pounds of powder per five gallons of water. Mechanical agitation or a good sparge line 
recirculating agitation system is 
necessary for large tanks. A sim-
ple by-pass system may be all that is needed for small tanks of less than 100 gallons. Certain hydroseeding type sprayers, 
such as units manufactured by 
Finn Equipment Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, can suspend and spray granular Nitroform. Nitroform is not corrosive on equipment. 
Suspending agents such as 
Flozine, manufactured by 
Loveland Industries, Loveland, 
Colo., can assist in resuspending Powder Blue after settling over-night. Nitroform is marketed by 
Boots Hercules Agrochemicals 
Co., Wilmington, Del. CLAUSE O RTE GO BUILDING •> SUPPLY [ClMStybKTFGO I BUILDERS Ufc-tofcOO. ^ \tu«<n ¿a L_U Other slow-release nitrogen sources include IBDU (31%N) and sulfur-coated urea (32% N and 37% N). IBDU is isobutylidene diurea manufac-tured in Japan and marketed in 
the United States by Estech General Chemical Corp., Winter Haven, Fla., through the com-pany's Par Ex Professional Prod-
ucts Division. IBDU hydrolyzes directly to urea in the presence of moisture. The rate of release is governed by the particle size, 
with coarse IBDU converting over a longer period. It is most 
adaptable to dry application, however, fine IBDU can be ap-plied in certain sprayers, e.g. units manufactured by Finn, where favorable suspensions can 
be maintained. Under moist con-
ditions, IBDU may release its ni-trogen somewhat faster than ureaform over a growing season. Sulfur-coated ureas (SCU) containing 37% N are manufac-tured in the United States by the Tennessee Valley Authority and by Agricultural Industries Manu-
facturing, a subsidiary of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co., Elyria, Ohio. A Canadian producer, Canadian Industries, 
Ltd., makes more spherical SCU prills containing 32% N and also 
markets in the United States. By means of pinholes, fissures, and 
actual cracks, urea diffuses 
through the sulfur coating. The rate of release of commercial SCU's is indicated by the dis-solution rate, that is the amount of urea diffusing through the 
coating over a seven-day period 
in warm water (100 degrees F.). This dissolution rate is 25 to 35 percent for commercial SCU's. TVA data show that the release rate is faster in soil and fastest in warm soil (65 to 95 degrees F.). Experiments have shown that handling, storage and applica-tion methods may damage the sulfur coating, causing decrease in controlled-release properties. However, the economy of SCU nitrogen over other slow-release sources offers some advantages. SCU is not suitable for liquid ap-
plications. A recent newcomer to the ni-trogen scene is Formolene-30 (30% N), a liquid nitrogen fertil-izer manufactured by Ashland 
Chemical Co., Columbus, Ohio. 
Formolene-30 consists of water-soluble methylolurea (not polymerized to water-insoluble N) plus free urea amounting to about 50 percent of the total N. According to Ashland, Formolene-30 provides nitrogen of low burn potential with a somewhat longer response period than straight urea. Phosphate fertilization. As mentioned previously, agrono-
mists agree that most turfgrass, 
unless grown for seed, requires very little additional phos-phorus. The residual phosphates are dissolved slowly in the soil solution, this apparently being have agood buddy at another tractor dealership but I still bought aJohn Deere. I hope he forgives me? ^^^ Clifton Clause, Clause à) Ortego Builders, When Clifton Clause and Burt Ortego started out in the construction business, the first thing they needed was a tractor They looked over several different brands. Compared them all for size, weight, horsepower, features and, of x>urse, price. And decided to go with a John Deere 950 Tractor. "We could have gotten another tractor through my friend for less money" said Clause. "But for the kind of work we do the John Deere was the better 
machine. I hope he under-stands'.' Not too big, not too small. The fact is, for most land-scaping and construction jobs, 
John Deere 'little-big' tractors are 
hard to beat. At 22-, 27- and 33-PTO-hp* they are solid, dependable tractors 
at an affordable price. They have the power you need for mowing, grading, loading, digging, backfilling and just about any other job you do. Yet they're still small enough so they're not too expensive to buy or operate. Big tractor features. 'Little-big'tractors have features you usually find on 
much larger tractors. Their powerful 3-cylinder diesel engines are liquid cooled and fuel efficient. Transmission has 8 forward speeds ranging from a "creeper" 
speed of below 1 mph to a top speed of around 12 mph. To accommodate the wide range of over 20 attachments available, they come with Category 1 3-point hitch, 540-RPM rear power takeoff and 
an adjustable drawbar. And you can choose from either bar or turf-type tires in several different sizes. Built to take it Of course, like all John Deere tractors,'litde-big'tractors Eunice, Louisiana are built to take a lot of hard use. "We've had seven different crewmen operating our 95D,' says Clause, "which is usually hard on a machine. But we haven't had a bit of trouble'.' Ask your John Deere dealer for a demonstration. See for 
yourself how much more solidly they're built. How much 
smoother they run. We think you'll see why Clause & Ortego Builders decided on a John Deere. Nothing runs likeaDeere For more information, write John Deere, Dept. 63, Moline, Illinois 61265. * Maximum PTO horsepower at 2600 engine rpm for the 850 and 2400 engine rpm for the 950 and 1050 by official test. Circle 124 on free information card The little-big tractors from John Deere adequate for most varieties. Phosphorus is necessary for formation of energy-producing compounds (ATP, adenosine triphosphate) and is part of the genetic code (RNA, ribonucleic acid). Adequate levels promote rooting and tillering. Deficien-
cies may appear as narrow 
curled leaves. They may be dark green with some purple color evident. The surest way to deter-mine the need for phosphorus is by leaf tissue analysis. If the P content is less than 0.15 percent, 
an application of about one-half 
pound of P2O5 per 1,000 square 
feet will correct the deficiency. This may suffice for more than one season except in sandy soils 
of warm turf areas. Potassium fertilization. Potassium regulates enzyme and vitamin formation, protein syn-
thesis, transpiration, transloca-
tion and respiration. Potassium influences the development of 
cell walls, and thus helps es-tablish defenses to heat, cold and winter kill. High K levels tend to reduce the incidence of several 
diseases, including dollar spot, Fusarium blight, brown patch and red thread. A tissue test showing less than one percent K indicates that deficiency exists. Potassium 
deficiencies are first indicated 
by drooping leaves which feel 
soft to the touch. In severe cases, a dead leaf tip is preceded by thinning leaf blades, showing blotches of green and yellow developing from the outer edge toward the midrib. Fertilizer costs. When analyz-ing the economics of nitrogen 
fertilizers, it is much easier for the lawn care operator to think in terms of cost per pound of N. The lower cost of fast-release N 
sources must be weighed against their disadvantages. All costs 
quoted are only approximations in this period of escalating fre-ight rates and fertilizer prices, and will vary with volume pur-
chased, delivery rates and sup-plier prices. Nevertheless, some 
comparisons can be made: The cost of urea is between 22 and 26 cents per pound of N; the 
cost of SCU is between 42 and 46 cents per pound of N; the cost of Formolene-30 is between 55 and 58 cents per pound of N (50 per-cent free urea); cost of Nitroform 
is between 65 and 75 cents per pound of N for Blue Chip and be-tween 68 and 80 cents per pound of N for Powder Blue; and the 
cost of IBDU is between 65 and 75 cents per pound of N. Similar costs of phosphorus and potassium nutrient sources 
are: Diammonium phosphate (18% N, 46% P2O5) is $255 per ton, or 
about 19 cents per pound for the P2O5 and 22 cents per pound for the nitrogen; potassium chloride (61% K2O) is 8.5 cents per pound for the K2O. Potassium sulfate (51% K2O) is $140 per ton, or about 13.7 cents per pound for K2O. Phosphate 
prices are steadily increasing, with the cost per pound of P2O5 expected to approach the cost per pound of urea. A blended water-soluble NPK (34-5-10) is currently available at $305 per ton in the Chicago area through Knox Fertilizer Co., Knox, Indiana. 22 MOWING/MAINTENANCE CQ W 
bu >* OC H C/D D Q g W os < u z < Keep eye on cancellation agreement when designing maintenance contract John Smith, of Smith Lawn Main-tenance, services a large con-dominium complex from March to September. He mows, trims hedges, fertilizes and generally pours a significant amount of time and money into his account. The service director pays a monthly fee spaced out over a 12-month period. He cancels after September and John Smith is left with a loss just when he expected to begin getting a return on his investment he made during the summer. That return on invest-ment would be the money he would be making through the 
slow winter months when the complex did not require large 
amounts of labor and materials to keep it up to snuff. Does he have any recourse against the cancelling account? Not much, if he doesn't have a strong cancellation agreement. This is a very sobering situa-tion that has happened to more than one mowing/maintenance lawn care businessman, in-
cluding Larry Shelton, of Classic Landscapes, Ltd., Raleigh, N.C. Fortunately, Shelton worked the problem out, but he also took a long, hard look at his cancella-tion agreement. Prior to developing a new can-cellation agreement, Classic Landscapes had a standard 30-day cancellation agreement, meaning that either party could 
cancel with 30 days notice. This type of agreement is pretty stan-dard within the landscape main-tenance industry. "What happened is that we had a client cancel us after we had worked on their property from March through October," 
he said. "They wanted to do the 
work themselves and start up their program in the winter time." Shelton's comments arose during a session at the annual Maintenance Symposium spon-
sored by the Associated Landscape Contractors of 
America. The symposium was held recently in Milwaukee. For further information about these 
excellent symposiums or about ALCA itself, contact: John Shaw, executive director, ALCA, 1750 
Old Meadow Rd., McLean, VA 22102, 703-821-8611. "We had a lot to lose and we finally came to the realization that we had no recourse in the 
matter of trying to get some money back from them," Shelton said. "So we talked with them and we agreed to work out the 
balance of our contract by help-ing them set up a program for themselves. The only way we could protect ourselves for the Whether you use it for any of the many maintenance uses indicated here or complete turf renovation, Roundup* herbicide by Monsanto can make it much easier to clean up many of the unsightly weed and grass infes-tations that can spoil good looks. For grounds maintenance, one application of Roundup will control many of your worst annual and perennial weed prob-lems. And one man with a 
backsprayer can replace many of the herbicides and frequent treatments that are often necessary. In addition, Roundup won't wash, leach or volatilize from the treated area to injure desirable vegetation. And there's no danger of injury due 
to root uptake, because Roundup has no residual soil activity. Naturally, normal precautions should be observed to avoid 
spray drift. Can you afford to let an-other season go by without Roundup in your grounds main-ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL FOR ROUNDUP. Roundup® is a registered trademark of Monsanto Co. © Monsanto Company, 1979. Circle 113 on free information card There's never been a herbicide like this before. RI-02D "We had a lot to lose and we finally came to the realization that we had no recourse in the matter of trying to get some money back from them," says Larry Snelton of Classic Landscapes, Inc., Raleigh, N.C. of a landscape maintenance account that cancelled during peak season. "So we talked with them and agreed to 
work out the balance of our contract by helping them set up a program for themselves remainder of our contract and not lose any money would be to help them start up their own pro-
gram. So that's what we did. "We got out of a sticky situa-tion with no scars," he added, 
"but the potential was there to run us out of the business at the time." If Shelton learned anything from the experience, it was that his company had to rework its cancellation agreement to pro-tect itself in the future. Shelton said that the cancella-tion agreement states that the contract can be voided by either 
party by giving the other party 30 
days written notice, delivered by 
registered mail. However, should the contract be cancelled by the owner, it is necessary to negotiate a pro-rated cancella-tion fee, dependent on the time of the cancellation, since a lot of Shelton's work, Š and that of many mowing/maintenance 
businessmen Š is concentrated in a short period of time. Shelton added that they have not had any problems since they 
initiated the new agreement and have encountered little resistance from customers 
questioning the contract. He thinks one reason he has had few complaints is that his contracts avoid legal jargon. "Basically, all our contracts do is spell out the specifics of the 
contract, a cancellation agre-
ement, payment terms, and any statements of insurance," he 
said. Shelton said he would figure out any pro-rated fee by adding up the amount of money his com-
pany had tied up in that account 
from the day the contract started to the day it cancelled. Then he would subtract the amount of money already paid on the con-tract, and then make the two figures balance out. "We are not trying to gouge anybody," he said. "All we are 
asking is that we be paid for the work that we've actually performed. It just protects us from working more than we've actually gotten paid for, 
depending on the time of the 
year. "Because we picked up a con-tract in March and worked it un-
til October and they cancelled it during our heavy work season," he said. EDGING FOR DRIVEWAYS AND SIDEWALKS MAINTENANCE '.EDGING AROUND FLOWERS NO ROOT UPTAKE TURF RENOVATION AND RESEEDING ABILITY IN DAYS CLEANUP AROUND SHRUBS Roundup. The herbicide that does so much more For so much less. IN AND AROUN PARKING LOTS tenance program? See your local chemical dealer for your supply of Roundup herbicide. Monsanto muc we ever had before!" Tru Green Agronomist Steve Brown, talks about Chipco 26019 fungicide... and how its helped their business. Steve Brown is respon-sible for all turf grass chem-ical programs for Tru Green Corporation, an East Lansing based lawn care company with 30 outlets throughout the Mid-West. After using Chipco 26019 at all of their locations, he says, "With Chipco 26019 on our side, you can bet well be a lot more aggressive about going after 
fungicide business." Steve is echoing the kind of response we've gotten from lawn care companies throughout the country. Chipco 26019 is a broad-spectrum fungicide that gives you more control with fewer sprays. It stops major turf disease like dollar spot (includ-ing benomyl-resistant dollar spot), brown patch and Helminthosporium (leaf spot and melting out). And it does it for up to three weeks at low, economical rates. Chipco 26019 mixes well, with no residual left in the tank. And it presents no problems of phytotoxicity to turf. But the ultimate test is what it does for your business. On this point Steve Brown is totally positive. He says, "I appreciate the fact that it has a 21 day residual, but even more important from a business standpoint, is the fact that its going to work! Because now we can say to a potential customer, if you have a disease problem we can take care of it. We think of Chipco 26019 as a competitive tool." If you'd like to have this competitive tool working to expand your business next season, ask your chemicals distributor for 
this profitable addition to the popular Chipco line of turf fungicides and herbicides. 
As Steve Brown says, "I'm convinced it's the best thing going today." Rhone-Poulenc Chem-ical Co., Agrochemical Dr vision, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey 08852. ^^ FUNGICIDE RHONE-POULENC CHEMICAL COMPANY AGROCHEMICAL DIVISION Please read label carefully, and use only as directed. Circle 131 on free information card m -U. Developing your assistant | The do's and don'ts of recruiting, training, motivating, and compensating potential middle managers by Dan Moreland Assistant Editor Developing foremen, branch managers, and other middle management personnel who can effectively operate a business in the boss' absence is only one half of the 
troublesome management problem currently confronting the lawn care in-dustry. The other half of the problem, and 
probably the most crucial to the success of 
any business, is finding promising people 
who can develop into effective decision-makers. RECRUITMENT Recruiting quality people, for whatever position, is a major industry problem not only because urban-based lawn care operators must often compete with capital-rich corporations for employes, but because salaries and benefit packages are often depressed as a result of the seasonality of the lawn care business. Mike Cust, president of Cust Mainte-nance Co., Oxon Hill, Md., said, "Let's face it, a guy can leave me and go to work with the federal government and start at $17,500 a year. Most of the lawn care companies in the Washington D.C. area are also relatively small family-owned businesses so it's fairly apparent to a young man that the top job is held by the owner and there-fore his development is limited." However, whatever their pitfalls, small businesses do offer advantages many larger 
companies do not, according to Joseph A. Robinson, author of a Small Business Ad-
ministration pamphlet entitled How to find a likely successor. These advantages in-clude: Ł The opportunity to become the top man within a reasonable period of time. (Although in family-owned businesses it may take longer) Ł Direct responsibility for new people as soon as they can handle it. Ł Intimate contact with the boss, his prob-lems, and decisions. Ł Small business can also offer immedi-ate recognition and rewards for good per-formance. A strong recruitment program is the key to finding competent foremen and other 
middle management personnel. A number of sources are available to attract quality people including: Ł Advertisements in trade journals. Ł Classified ads in local newspapers. A word of warning: Describe the job in pre-cise terms so you don't get unwanted calls. Ł Friends and relatives of employes. Ł Employment agencies. Ł Universities and local colleges with strong business or turfgrass programs. Ł Men and women recently discharged from the armed services. Ł Your competitor's employes. Ł Career day meetings. Ł Placement centers at universities and city colleges. Ł Local social service organizations. 
Ł Professional recruiting firms. Remember, the more diverse the method of recruitment, the better chance you have 
of attracting quality middle management personnel. But it isn't going to be easy. 
"Historically, it's been difficult to find peo-ple with the level of experience required to "I want a guy to come to work with us who wants to be a manager in three years. Now, they all say they do, but you can tell in an interview session whether a person is shopping for the highest price/9 Marty Erbaugh, Lawnmark Associ-ates, Peninsula, Ohio. be successful in the lawn care industry," Jerry Faulring, president of Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, Md., said. "It's not like a lawyer or a doctor who has proven himself someplace else," he said. "But I suppose this is changing as the in-dustry matures and people gain experience at other companies." Before selecting potential middle managers a number of steps should be fol-lowed, according to a Small Business Ad-ministration pamphlet entitled Human Relations in Small Business. Ł Analyze the job. Ł Determine the abilities needed for success. Ł Find out what personal factors (age, education, etc.) are needed. Ł Write a complete job description. Ł Recruit widely and wisely. 
Ł Interview objectively. 
Ł Have an associate also interview the ap-plicant. Ł Review the important biographical items. Ł Test the applicant. 
Ł Check all references, at least by tele-phone. Ł Put all the information together and review it carefully before you make a deci-sion. Even by following the aforementioned list of recruitment procedures, there is still a chance that you may mistakenly hire a poor worker. The system isn't infallible. David J. Frank, owner of David J. Frank Landscape Contracting Co., Germantown, Wis., said, "You can get a good application, you can get good trade references, but it's 
still hard to determine that individual's capacity for the job." So a good rule of thumb is to go with your personal percep-tions of the individual. After all, you're go-ing to be the one working with him. For instance, Marty Erbaugh, president of Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, Ohio, 
is interested in middle managers who are 
looking towards a career in the lawn care industry. "I want a guy to come to work with us who wants to be a manager in three 
years," he said. "Now, they all say they do, but you can tell in an interview session 
whether a person is shopping for the 
highest price." DEVELOPMENT An important part of developing assis-tants concerns training. According to Richard P. Calhoon, author of Managing Personnel, "Eighty percent of all turnover takes place in the first three months of employment." He attributes this high em-
ploye turnover rate to "feelings of isolation 
from their work group and social groups at work; discouragement in learning new tasks; and maladjustment to physical sur-roundings." Therefore, it is the manager's job to make the training and orientation process as smooth as possible for the new 
employe so he can adjust more readily to his new responsibilities. When developing management person-nel, a number of training methods are 
available. The majority of lawn care 
operators contacted by LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY agree that the most effective 
method of development is on-the-job train-
ing. After all, no matter what the 
educational background of a potential 
assistant, little has been accomplished if he can't perform the job. Bob Baier, president of Plant Control Corp., Irvine, Ł Calif,, said, "Most of our training is on-the-job so our new employes can actually observe a lot of things just by 
being near our other workers." A second training method is called coaching, where the employe receives per-sonal assistance from more experienced INSIDE THE INDUSTRY n > ? Z n > » m Z a c CD H 50 "Let's face it, a guy can leave me and go to work with the federal govern-ment and start at $17,500 a year." Mike Cust, Cust Maintenance Co., Oxon Hill, Md. "We have financial evaluation ses-sions at the end of each fiscal year." Marty Erbaugh, Lawnmark Associ-ates, Peninsula, Ohio. "I sit down personally with each em-ploye on a quarterly basis . . . We also sit down with our key people on a lot more frequent basis ana have informal rap sessions with them to find out how they feel about their jobs and whether they are having any problems." David J. Frank, Davia J. Frank Landscape Con-tracting Co., Germantown, Wis. m co "If we're going to be successful it means people are going to have the opportunity to expand their careers with the company." Jerry Faulring, Hydro Lawn, Gaitnersburg, Md. employes. This is essentially the concept used by Cust, of Cust Maintenance Co. "We try to let our new people work with different foremen," he said. "Each of our 
foremen have different strengths so we will try to put them with one for awhile and 
then move them to another so they can pick up the strong points from each of them." The coaching process can be improved in a variety of ways, according to Herbert J. 
Chruden and Arthur W. Sherman, Jr., authors of Personnel Management. These include: Ł By setting the right example. 
Ł By building on the new employe's strengths. Ł By delegating responsibility. Ł By insisting on completed assignments. 
Ł By letting him "pinch hit" for sick em-ployes. Ł By seeking out his opinions. Ł By letting him know how he's doing. Ł By using specific examples when coaching. Ł By broadening his viewpoint and work experience. The key to good coaching is delegating work responsibilities. "The ability to take responsibility is the first test of a manager, 
but the courage to give responsibility to others is the hallmark of successful ex-
ecutive command," according to the author of Managing Personnel. "Delegation of re-
sponsibility is the only way to check on the effectiveness of training, to determine the 
initiative, job knowledge, and actual com-
petence of subordinates." Erbaugh, of Lawnmark Associates, said it is important for potential managers to have 
"defined areas of real responsibility," as opposed to being a button-pusher for his supervisor. He added that delegating re-sponsibility is a very important factor in a company's ability to retain quality person-nel. "The first year a 24-year-old kid is a branch manager for you he thinks it's the greatest thing since sliced bread," he said, "but by the third year the job starts to get 
old, especially if he really doesn't feel as though he's had a major contribution in the decision-making process." A third method of developing middle managers concerns promoting within the company hierarchy. "We have a designed progression of steps for our people," Er-baugh said. "We really define their promotability on the basis of customer relations, new customer development, and level of pro-ductivity. And then based on that criteria they are promoted to the position of assis-tant manager in one of our offices. "Then based on the company's percep-tion of his ability to progress into the manager's chair, we will make the pro-
motion from that point." A fourth method of development is job rotation. Job rotation enables new em-ployes to understand a diverse number of 
lawn care tasks ranging from basic lawn 
care to pruning and chemical applications. 
However, Faulring, of Hydro Lawn, and others contacted by LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY, said there is limited value to job rotation. "We simply don't rotate people," Faulr-ing said. "I don't think we're big enough to allow for that yet, but we do allow for all levels of management to participate quite extensively in the corporate decision-
making process. This way they are very well exposed to all facets of the operation 
without rotating jobs." A final on-the-job training method con-cerns participation in staff meetings. "These meetings not only enable part-icipants to become more familiar with 
problems and events that are occurring out-side of their immediate area, but also ex-pose them to the ideas and thinking of other 
managers," according to the authors of Personnel Management. Erbaugh is sold on this very practical training method. "We have financial evaluation sessions at the end of each fiscal year," he said, "and in those sessions we try to make our managers aware of the financial variables that go into running a 
business. By the end of three years they are to page 26 Boss, I'm quitting so I can start my own lawn care business Jim, a dependable employe who has been with your company about two 
years, walks into your office and says, "Boss, I've decided to quit so I can start my own lawn care business." A typical scene at most lawn care companies? Probably not. But if your a manager at any of the industry's more prominent companies, this scene is probably all to familiar. So what can be done about preventing the departure of quality employes? Very little, other than 
creating a healthy work environment, 
according to Jerry Faulring, president 
of Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, Md. "If a guy has got the drive to go out and start his own business and I can't 
create an environment here that 
offsets that drive; then I should welcome him to become a competitor," he said. "What I'm saying is that I've got a tremendous obligation to make sure that my high 
caliber people stay with me and up to now we haven't had anybody that was 
really good walk away from us." Marty Erbaugh, president of Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, Ohio, agrees. "The employe has got to feel that his career is better served with you than on his own or he's going to be dissatisfied with his job or he's going to leave. Our whole company is a perfect example of what can happen when that doesn't happen. We were previously with Davey (Lawnscape, Kent, Ohio)." Mike Cust, president of Cust Maintenance Co., Oxon Hill, Md., views the departure of employes who later succeed in the lawn care field as a compliment. "We've had people 
leave who have gone out on their own 
and done very well," he said. "To me that is just a compliment if they can leave and do it on their own." Still others view it as a fact-of-life in the lawn care business. David J. Frank, owner of David J. Frank Landscape Contracting, Inc., said, "I think what a practical business owner has got to look at is his compensation program and see what he can do to make his business a more pleasant place to work. "He has also got to keep the lines of communication open with his people 
and even then it's not going to work in all cases," he said. "A turnover of key men in the ranks is not a very pleasant thing for a business manager or owner 
to take because it's one of the major stumbling blocks in building a 
sizeable business." 26 ASSISTANTS from page 25 pretty much aware of what those financial variables are." g A number of off-the-job training tools are also available for training potential assis-tants. These can serve as adjuncts to on-the-job training methods and should not be belittled in their importance. The more popular methods are trade journals, correspondence courses, and involvement in educational and professional organizations. CQ W U, oc H CD D Q 2 w oc < u 2 £ < J MOTIVATION Motivating employes to perform quality work is a constant problem in all types of business because there is no single factor which motivates every worker. Each in-dividual is motivated by different factors or combinations of factors. The key for any manager is to press the right motivational buttons for each employe. A number of factors motivate employes, but the most often mentioned by both em-ployes and managers are pay, company 
identification, competition, promotions, 
bonuses and financial incentives, recogni-tion, and a feeling of belonging. Many lawn care operators agree that one of the keys to motivation concerns promot-ability and the belief by the potential assis-tant that he has a future with your com-pany. Baier, of Plant Control Corp., : aid, Tips for improving the morale of key supervisory personnel Improving the morale of key super-visory personnel is an important func-tion of any administrator. Supervisors, like all personnel, have emotional needs which must be fulfilled to perform their jobs efficiently. Dr. Marin M. Bruce, author of a Small Business Administration pamphlet en-titled Human Relations in Small Business has some suggestions for 
improving the morale of middle 
managers and other supervisory per-sonnel. Ł As a matter of routine, work together with your key men, taking 
them consistently into your con-fidence; get them to work with you rather than just for you. Ł Among supervisors, encourage mutual cooperation where needed, as well as individualism in its place. Ł Obtain agreement of the manage-ment group on your company's goals, and educate them in the company's goals. Ł Make sure your managerial "team" is informed of you plans for both the short-range and the long-range future. Ł In delegating authority, make lines of responsibility and lines of authority 
crystal-clear. Ł Give supervisors clear-cut deci-sions; direct them clearly. Ł See that the symbols of manage-ment's status-like office facilities-are provided. Ł Provide equitable compensation. Bob Baier, president of Plant Control Corp., Irvine, Calif., said he likes to promote from within his business because it "helps the total morale of the company." "We've created an atmosphere where peo-ple know they are not locked into doing one specific job the rest of the time they are with our company and that's important. "We kind of learned that the hard way when we lost some key people who we wouldn't allow to grow professionally. But we now know that if we don't offer our peo-
ple a chance to grow they will find oppor-tunities someplace else." Cust, of Cust Maintenance Co., also lost some promising people because they saw a limited future with his company. "We got bottleknecked last year because we put on a couple more people than we probably should have, assuming that we would lose some (through normal attrition)," he said. "But it looks like they all would have stayed 
if they had seen any room for advance-ment." The key to both motivating and 
developing management personnel, ac-
cording to Cust, is the promise of career 
development in the future. "Your assistant 
has got to know where he is going to be six months to a year from now," he said. "The guy that is qualified to be an assistant foreman is obviously thinking about a 
career and he needs to know that there is something down the road for him." Promoting from within to reinforce this feeling of career advancement is also an 
important component of motivation. "We've always tried to maintain a real strong team-type atmosphere at Hydro Lawn," Faulring said. "If we're going to be successful it means people are going to have the opportunity to expand their careers within the company. It's not just a carrot or an inducement. It's an opportunity for someone to develop their skills." Baier agrees. "We like to promote from within," he said. "We feel it helps the total morale of the company. I think in any in-dustry a family feeling within your com-pany is critical in making a viable entity out 
of your business." Frank, of David J. Frank Landscaping, Inc., utilizes quarterly reviews to illustrate his company's concern for its employes. "I sit down personally with each employe on a quarterly basis and we have a formal schedule we go through where we review his performance," he said. "And one of the most important parts of the session is when I ask him what I or the company can do to help him perform his job better. Marty Erbaugh, of Lawnmark Associates, 'The for you he thinks it's tne er since sliced bread, but by the third year the jot said, "The first year a 24-year-old kid is a branch manager for you he thinks it's the greatest thinp starts to get old, especially if he really doesn't feel as though he's had a major contribution in the decision-making process." "We also sit down with our key people on a lot more frequent basis and have informal rap sessions with them to find out how they feel about their jobs and whether they are having any problems." COMPENSATION In order to attract and keep quality em-ployes management must compensate them, whether that compensation takes the form of bonuses, benefit packages, profit sharing plans, or production incentives. Whatever compensation plan a manager selects, it should be enforced according to the quality of work performed. It's impor-tant that good workers be compensated more generously than poor performers. Af-ter all, it's the good worker's behavior the 
manager wants to reinforce. One lawn care operator who compen-sates his workers with bonuses is Faulring, of Hydro Lawn. "Our employes get perma-nent annual raises based on production in-centives. (Actual production, sales, pre-
venting cancellations, academic achieve-ment, etc.) Faulring also utilizes profit sharing, which is an annuity rewarded to employes based on the profits earned by a company throughout the year. "For the man out treating lawns his bonus is based on the level of profitability he individually cre-ated for the company," he said. "And then as you move up into different levels of management the profit sharing is based on a variety of factors. Like the branch manager would share in the profit 
of the branch and the assistant branch manager would share in the profit of those immediately under him," he added. "So it's a multi-level program and there isn't 
anybody who works for us that doesn't part-
icipate in the program." The proper development of middle management personnel is a necessary func-tion of the lawn care operator. His com-pany is only as good as his employes and without competent assistants and middle managers, his chances for success in the 1980's will be limited. The March installment of Inside the Industry will also be personnel related. A "workshop" describing specific personnel problems and the solutions will be featured. TURF Identification and control of common turfgrass weeds by Dr. Al Turgeon The following is an updated and revised version of an article which initially appeared in the February 1979 issue of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY magazine. The article produced substantial reader interest and therefore we have decided to run it again. Reprints are available from Bob Earley, 9800 Detroit Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44102, at a cost of $2 each. A weed is any plant growing where it is not wanted. When it 
occurs as part of a turfgrass com-munity, its definition can be ex-panded to: an undesirable plant because of its disruptive effect 
on the aesthetic appearance, stabilizing capacity, or overall utility of a turf. Thistles are perennials or biennials with spiny and serrated leaves. A rosette-type of growth typically occurs under mowing. The numerous and sharp spines make these weeds particularly objectionable in 
turf. A particular plant species may be a weed in some turfgrass com-munities or a desirable turgrass in others. Examples of "poten-tial" weeds include tall fescue, creeping bentgrass and 
bermudagrass. Specific weeds are often good indicators of unfavorable en-vironmental conditions for turf-
grasses. Large infestations of 
knotweed frequently occur where severe soil compaction limits turfgrass growth. Ground ivy often invades under trees 
where insufficient sunlight results in the decline of Ken-tucky bluegrass and other shade-intolerant turfgrasses. The presence of red sorrel is usually indicative of acid soil conditions. Knotweed is a low-growing annual that first appears in early spring. Its appear-ance is variable, depending upon the stage of maturity. Young plants have long, slender dark leaves that occur alter-nately along the? knotty stem. Mature plants have smaller, dull green leaves and inconspicuous white flowers. It grows well on heavily trafficked, com-pacted soils. Weed incidence in turf reflects both environmental conditions, and growth characteristics of the turfgrass genotypes comprising the plant community. These two dimensions of a plant ecosystem 
are highly interactive. Where a 
particular turfgrass is marginally adapted, successful culture is de-pendent upon careful pro-gramming of fertilization, pesti-cide application and other cultural variables to sustain the turf and avoid large infestations of weeds. In contrast, an es-pecially well-adapted turfgrass requires less precise care. Usually, the commercial lawn care operator has little control 
over genotypic and edaphic (soil) 
conditions at the lawn site; he must work with the turf as it ex-
ists, or refuse to take it on unless the lawn owner agrees to under-
take measures to correct basic problems. Basic lawn problems. A lawn is a complex system of densely growing plants in intimate asso-ciation with a continually chang-ing environment. While climate and soil are the principal en-vironmental components in-fluencing natural plant commu-
nities, lawns are also affected by an array of cultural practices, 
and the manner in which the lawn is used by the lawn owner 
and others. Culture and use are parts of the biotic turfgrass en-vironment. The turfgrass com-munity and all components of its environment are referred to Purslane is a fleshy annual weed with smooth reddish stems. It may be particu-larly troublesome with new lawn seedings. collectively as the turfgrass ecosystem. Lawn problems arise when the turfgrass community is not well-adapted to its environment, or when some environmental factor 
evolves or is changed in such a way that it adversely affects turf-grass. An example of a major en-vironmental change is the development of a substantial thatch layer in turf, At the time of establishment, the young turf-grass community has its roots dis-tributed in the existing soil. With a net accumulation of organic debris at the soil surface, thatch 
can develop with a resultant dis-tribution of at least part of the root system in the thatch layer. Thatchy turf is more disease-prone, and less tolerant of heat, 
cold and drouth stresses Š con-ditions often associated with weed invasion. Where thatch ex-
ists, pesticides may be less effec-tive or more phytotoxic than where it has been controlled. Whenever the turfgrass com-munity loses sufficient com-petitive vigor to resist weed inva-sion, weed species adapted to prevailing conditions often invade. Other adverse environ-
mental conditions include: soil 
compaction; low or high soil pH; to page 28 27 > ? 2 n > TO W 2 a c CD H TO m 
oa We finally found a way to improve Balan... J*- l i Granules shown actual size ...we made it easier to apply! BalarVs new granular size lets you apply it like fertilizer, and makes it easier than ever to effectively control some of your tough weed grasses. Balan gets the tough ones, such as, crabgrass, foxtail, goosegrass and Poa annua. After ten years of proven success on thou-sands of acres of turf, Balan has become the nation's number-one granular pre-emergence herbicide. Its unmatched effec-tiveness and economy make Balan a "must" in every turf program. Goosegrass (crowsfoot, silver crabgrass and hard crabgrass)" Poa annua (annual bluegrass) ELANCO Circle 144 on free information card Or write Dept. E 455 Elanco Products Company . A Division of Eli Lilly and Company . Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 U.S.A. m u >-oc H CD D D 2 w o: < u 2 £ < WEEDS from page 27 poor drainage; restricted air flow; excessive heat, cold, drouth and shade; and toxic resi-dues in the soil. Adverse cultural influences in-clude: excessive rates of nitrogen 
and other nutrients, close mow-
ing, unfavorable irrigation prac-tices, improper use of pesticides, selection of poorly adapted turf-grasses, and poor site prepara-tion and planting technique dur-
ing lawn establishment. The principal cultural variables controlled by commer-cial lawn care operators are: fer-tilization and pesticide applica-tion. Some operators also perform cultivation operations 
for reducing thatch and 
mitigating the effects of soil com-paction. Others include lawn es-tablishment as part of their oper-
ations. For those operators in-volved in only chemical applica-tion, consideration should be given to working closely with landscapers to implement 
corrective measures on highly 
problem-prone lawns. Fertilizer materials, especially nitrogen, are es-sential for sustaining turfgrass growth. A fertiliza-tion program should be conducted to insure that essential plant nutrients are not limiting for a par-ticular turfgrass. Of equal importance is the necessity to avoid excessive applications of 
nutrients, particularly nitrogen. I math. Thus, dark green, lush growth resulting from liberal use of nitrogen, while aesthetically appealing, can be a prelude to numerous disease and subse-
quent weed problems. Slowly available forms of nitrogen, in-
cluding ureaformaldehyde (UF), IBDU, and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) provide less-dramatic in-itial responses than do soluble 
forms; however, season-long turfgrass quality and growth may be more favorable where these materials constitute a substantial portion of the total nitrogen ap-
plied to the turf. Much confusion still exists over what constitutes optimum 
levels of phosphorus (P) and 
potassium (K) in lawn fertiliza-tion programs. A generally ac-cepted guide is to apply P at 10 
percent and K at 50 percent of total applied nitrogen. Where soil testing is practical, results may be helpful in programming P and K applications, as well as applications of lime for reducing 
excessive soil acidity. Commer-cial preparations of micro-
nutrients are sometimes offered as cures for lawn nutritional problems. Certainly, where a specific nutrient is limiting plant growth, its application can result in dramatic responses; however, medium- to fine-textured soils at near-neutral pH's usually con-tain sufficient concentrations of micronutrients to satisfy turf-grass requirements. Pesticides for controlling dis-eases and injurious insects and other animal pests are important 
in a weed control program since any disruption of an otherwise dense turfgrass cover caused by pest activity in turf results in 
potential weed infestation sites. Thus, pest problems should be controlled at an early stage of 
development or, if possible, 
prevented. Usually, pest control methods which can be employed by commercial lawn care operators center around use of 
pesticides. Of course, proper ap-
plication of pesticides is neces-Carpetweed is an annual with smooth, tongue-like leaves. Stems branch in all directions, forming flat, circular mats of growth. Wild onion and wild garlic are perennial weeds with slender, cylindrical leaves. Wild garlic leaves are hollow; those of wild onion are not. Dandelion is a perennial that reproduces by parachute-like seeds. Fertilization. Fertilizer materials, especially nitrogen, are essential for sustaining turf-grass growth. A fertilization pro-
gram should be conducted to in-sure that essential plant nutrients are not limiting for a particular turfgrass. Of equal im-portance is the necessity to avoid 
excessive applications of nutrients, particularly nitrogen. 
Experiences in the Midwest have shown that high rates of soluble nitrogen applied to Kentucky 
bluegrass in spring are often 
associated with severe in-
cidences of helminthosporium melting-out, stripe smut, and fusarium blight diseases. Depending upon the season of these disease occurrences, heavy infestation by crabgrass, quack-grass, annual bluegrass and a variety of broadleaf weeds and other grasses is a typical after-millipedes, mosquitoes, sou webworms (lawn moths) and ticks. Broad registration only starts the listofSEVIN benefits. It's also compatible with many other commonly used insecticides, miticides, fungicides and foliar nutri-ents. And residents can resume the grounds or yard as soon as the spray 
dries. There's a choice of using Control 15 major lawn pests with versatile SEVIN carbaryl insecticide. They nip, munch, burrow and bite. As sure as grass is green, lawn pests will try to make life miserable. You can minimize the misery STOP! ALL PESTICIDES CAN BE HARMFUL With SEVIN TO HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT r^rh^rvl IF MISUSED. READ THE LABEL CARE- UCLI X1 FULLY AND USE ONLY AS DIRECTED. ¡HSeCtlClde And protect lawns from as many as 15 different problem pests. Both the most common ones and the worst: ants, bluegrass billbugs, chiggers, chinch bugs, cutworms, ear-wigs, European chafer, fall armyworm, fleas, green June beetle, leafhoppers, sary for both pest control and prevention of pesticide-induced turfgrass injury. Information provided on the pesticide label and from local agricultural ex-tension offices should be reviewed prior to incorporating Fall panicum is a late-germinating annua, grass with short, purplish sheaths. The seedhead is an open and spreading panicle. specific pesticides into a lawn care program. As a further safety measure, it is wise to acquire 
direct experience with any new pesticide, or other chemical, on small plots before acceptance for general use. Herbicides. Lawn weed con-trol may be defined as any prac-tice designed to either: prevent weed emergence in turf, or effect a shift away from undesirable vegetation and toward desired turfgrasses. Although herbicides are im-portant tools for controlling lawn weeds, repeated occurrence of weeds may reflect underlying problems which are not correc-table with herbicides. Nevertheless, the proper use of herbicides can successfully con-
vert a heavily weed-infested turf into one which is weed-free. Herbicides vary in chemical structure and method of use; however, nearly all modern her-bicides are organic chemicals which break down in the soil or in the plant within several weeks or months. Their breakdown pro-ducts, called metabolites, are 
usually smaller organic or in-
organic chemicals that, in many cases, are similar to chemicals which naturally occur in biological systems. Herbicides 
are usually placed into categories reflecting timing of application, site of application, type of action and selectivity. Timing of application. Some herbicides are applied prior to the emergence of target weed species (preemergence herbi-Bermudagrass is a serious weed in blue-grass lawns because of its vigorous and dense growth, although it is commonly grown in the South. cides); once the target weeds have emerged, these herbicides are usually ineffective for con-trolling them. The specific date at which a preemergence herbi-cide should be applied thus de-pends upon the period in which weed germination takes place. In Illinois, for example, crab-grass typically germinates during 29 May and June; therefore, a preemergence herbicide should be applied by late April in order > to insure control. As one pro-ceeds south, crabgrass germina- n tion usually occurs earlier during > the growing season, requiring ^ earlier application of the herbi- g cide. Postemergence herbicides c are applied after emergence of H the weed; applying them before 
anticipated or actual emergence 
usually will not result in control. Most annual grasses can be controlled with either preemergence or postemergence ^ herbicides; however, do preemergence herbicides are g usually preferred because they ° are often effective with a single 
application and they are less 
likely to injure the turfgrass. Broadleaf weeds and perennial grasses are usually treated with postemergence herbicides. Site of application. Herbicides are applied to the foliage where four formulations Š sprayable, wettable powder flowables and SEVIMOl! 4, a liquid blend of SEVIN and molasses. Granules, dusts and baits are also available for certain specialized uses. Plus, SEVIN isn't harsh on the environment. It is bio-degradable; and when compared with other insecticides, it ranks low in toxi-city to people, animals, birds and fish. So it's probably no surprise to hear that SEVIN carbaryl is one of the largest selling insecticides in the United 
States today For more information about SEVIN, contact your pesticide supplier or Union Carbide at the address below. Make SEVIN carbaryl insecticide your answer to pest control too. SEVIN CARB.NRYL INSECTICIDE IS THE ANSWER. SEVIN and SEVIMOL ore registered trademarks of Union Carbide Corporation for corbaryl insecticide. UNtON CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC., 7825 Baymeodows Way, Jacksonville, FL 32216 Quackgrass is a perennial grass that spreads by underground stems called rhizomes. It may be identified in the lawn by its dull green color and its rapid foliar growth. Nutsedge is a perennial sedge that repro-duces by seed, rhizomes and small, hard tubers called nutlets. It is identified by its 
triangular stems and yellow-green color. The nutlets may persist in the soil for several years, insuring regeneration of the plants. Plantains are perennials that reproduce by seed. The leaves form a basal rosette with finger-like flower stalks protruding upward. Buckhorn is a perennial with lance-like leaves and bullet-like seeds on long, slen-der stems. they are absorbed, or to soil un-derlying the grass shoots where they are absorbed by roots or im-mature organs of germinating seeds. Postemergence herbicides are usually foliar-applied, while preemergence herbicides are soil-applied. This distinction is of practical importance since a foliar-applied herbicide which is washed off of the foliage by irrigation or rainfall shortly after application may not be effective. Conversely, a soil-applied herbi-cide which is retained on the to page 30 30 WEEDS from page 29 Š foliage for an extended period g may break down before reaching the soil (or thatch) where it must w be to be effective. UH oc H CD D Q Z u oc < u Black medic or yellow trefoil is an an-nual, biennial, or perennial that closely 
resembles white clover. It is distin-guished by its yellow flowers and the arrangement of its leaflets on the stem: the middle leaflet is borne of a short petiole while the lateral leaflets are close 
to the stem. Postemergence herbicides are of two types: contact and systemic. Contact herbicides control those portions of the 
weed plant to which they come 
into contact. For annual weeds, contact herbicides may be quite effective. Perennial weeds may recover following treatment with a contact herbicide because of new growth from below-ground regenerative organs Systemic herbicides are translocated within the plant following ab-sorption and are, therefore, more effective than contact herbicides 
for controlling perennial weeds. Most herbicides used for con-trolling annual grasses and broadleaf weeds are selective. When applied in accordance 
with directions on the herbicide container, they control target weeds without injuring desired turfgrasses. Currently, there are no selective herbicides for con-trolling most perennial grasses; 
therefore, nonselective herbicides must be used for con-trolling these weeds. Since nonselective herbicides will kill 
or injure all plants in the lawn, they should be applied only to 
the target weed as a directed spray in order to minimize damage to the lawn. Most broadleaf weeds are susceptible to control by at least one of the following herbicides: 2,4-D, mecoprop or dicamba. All are selective, systemic, foliar-applied, postemergence herbi-Chicory has a taproot that is large and fleshy. A rosette of leaves resembling dandelion leaves form at the base. Bright blue flowers are borne on rigid stalks that resist mowing. cides. Applications should be made only on calm days (no wind) in order to avoid herbicide drift and possible damage to ad-jacent plantings of flowers, fruit and vegetable gardens, and orna-
mental trees and shrubs. For best 
control, the turfgrasses and 
weeds should be actively growing at the time of treatment. Herbicides for controlling summer annual grasses include the preemergence herbicides (UCPA, benefin, bensulide and siduron) and the organic ar-senicals (MSM A, DSM A, MAMA) applied postemergence two or three times at seven-to-10-day intervals. The triazine herbi-
cides (atrazine, simazine) can be used for several grasses and broadleaf weeds in some warm-season turfgrasses, but cool-
season turfgrasses are intolerant of these herbicides. Thus, the triazines are selective herbicides in some lawns and nonselective 
in others. With few exceptions, peren-nial grasses cannot be controlled selectively in lawns. Thus, a nonselective herbicide such as glyphosate, may be used for spot-treating isolated patches or clumps of weedy perennial grasses. Commercially available herbi-cides are safe when used pro-
perly; this means in strict accordance with directions prin-ted on the herbicide container. When used correctly, herbicides can help in sustaining weed-free lawns. Prostrate spurge is a low-growing annual that generally appears in mid-season. The small leaves are opposite and fre-quently have a red blotch in the center. The stem oozes a milky sap when broken. Mouse-ear chickweed is a perennial that reproduces mainly by seed but also by creeping stems. It is identified by its small, fuzzy, dark green leaves and dense growth habit. Common chickweed is a creeping winter annual with small, pale green leaves. Its hairy stems branch and take root, enabl-ing the plant to spread over large areas and completely crowd out turfgrasses. White star-like flowers appear during cool seasons. White clover is a creeping perennial that competes aggressively witn established turfgrasses, especially under moist condi-tions and low soil fertility. It is identified b\ its three short-stalked leaflets and globular, white flowers. Nimblewill forms patches resembling bentgrass. EPA Tii^AS WARNING! KEEP OUT OF OF CHILDREN. CAUSES EYE IRR AV 40 CTKT1GT WITH EYE1 HARMFUL W "AH T 'y^UOHLY AFTfA HAND UNO. 9*4 P/>CA* 4HMALA*VOk'VA XX "M 9KMG x tV M W JIMFUt. A wlPMIiUl^« The height of confidence for consistent yellow nutsedge control It takes consistent performance to earn the confidence of turf professionals. And no herbicide ever provided more consistent yellow nutsedge control r Wyandotte Corporation 'tu'a> Chemicals Ovis<on too Cherry Hit Read Pa'sippany Ne* Jersey 07054 than BasagranR herbicide, leaving established turf green and healthy. [BASF w For consistent yellow nutsedge control. Basagran every time. For more information, write or call our nearest Regional Office: 5720 W 85th Street. Suite 16. Indianapolis. Indiana 46278. (317) 299-4122 6263 Poplar Avenue. Suite 850. Memphis. Tennessee 38138. (901) 761-2001 6405 Metcalf. Suite 317. Shawnee Mission. Kansas 66202. (913) 677-2424 Red sorrel or sheep sorrel is a clump-type weed with arrow-shaped leaves. It often appears on acid soils low in fertility. Ground ivy or creeping charlie is a creep-ing perennial that forms in dense patches in turf. Its bright green leaves are round with scalloped edges. Its flowers are bluish-purple and the stems are four-sided. It grows well in shady areas where 
soils are poorly drained. Curled dock is a perennial that repro-duces by seed. It has a fleshy taproot and large, smooth leaves that are crinkled on the edges. Henbit is an annual that reproduces by seed. The leaves resemble those of ground ivy but occur opposite along the stem. Crabgrasses are late-germinating annuals 
that reproduce by seed. The seedheads appear as several finger-like projections at the terminals of the seed stalks. The 
spreading growth of crabgrass tends to crowd out desirable grasses in the lawn. Like other summer annuals, crabgrass is killed by the first frost, leaving unsightly dead patches in the turf. Goosegrass or silver crabgrass is similar to crabgrass except that the center of the plant is a silvery color and the seedheads are zipper-like in appearance. Yellow woodsorrel is a pale green annual 
or perennial that reproduces by seed. It has heart-shaped leaves, and its flowers are yellow witn five petals. Annual bluegrass is frequently observed in dense patches of light green color. Table 1. Chemical Control of Broadleaf Weeds in Lawns 2,4-D Mecoprop Dicamba (S = susceptible; I = intermediate control; R = resistant) Roundleaved mallow is an annual or biennial that reproduces by seed. It has a 
long taproot and round leaves with five distinct lobes. Its white flowers first ap-pear in late spring and bloom continu-
ously through the season. Yarrow is a fern-like perennial weed that spreads by rhizomes. Under close mow-ing it forms a dense mat and is quite wear-resistant and drouth-tolerant. Yellow foxtail is identified by the presence of long hairs on the upper sur-
face of the leaf blade near the base and by the yellow cylindrical seedheads. Black medic R I S Carpetweed S I S Chickweed, common R S-I S mouse-ear R S-I S Chicory S S S Daisy, oxeye I I I Dandelion S S-I S Dock, curled I I-R S Ground ivy I-R I S-I Hawkweed S-I R S-I Henbit I I S Knotweed R I S Lambsquarters S S S Mallow, roundleaf I-R I S-I Plantain, broadleaf S I-R R buckhorn S I-R R Purslane I R S Red sorrel R R S Speedwell, creeping R R R purslane I I I Spurge, prostrate I-R I S-I Thistles S-I I S White clover I S S Wild carrot S S-I S Wild onion I R S-I Woodsorrel, yellow I I I Yarrow I I-R S Table 2. Tolerance of Various Turfgrasses to Herbicides - cool-season -types - Turfgrass Species -- warm-season -types Bentgrass is a perennial grass that spreads by above-ground stems called 
stolons. It forms puffy, dense patches that may completely take over the lawn. Pro-vided it receives close, frequent mowing and meticulous care, bentgrass will make a very attractive lawn; otherwise, it is regarded as a serious lawn weed. Herbicide CO CO CO i-i 00 <D G 5 CO CO 
CO i-H G <D CQ co CD G U CO 
CD (X CO CO CO CM 00 (D >> CO CO co Cm 00 CO G e Cm CD m CO CO 
CO CM 00 .2 Łco >> o N <D C G OC G < c/5 co co CO oc S G. G CD U Tall fescue is a coarse-textured peren-nial grass growing in unsightly clumps in the lawn. In pure stands, however, it may be an acceptable turf because of its good wear resistance and low maintenance requirement. S Ł safe for use I Ł may be injurious N * noi suggested for use O * unknown Free from Hypro Sprayer Pump Handbook spifjpro Ł ?V4- J gin, New Edition! 8 pages of helpful information to help you select and use your pumps better. Hookup diagrams for piston, roller and centrifugal pumps. Graphs of pump outputs, flow through spray nozzles. Data on pump and sprayer component selection plus much more. Send for your free copy now. When you need pumps for sprayers or pressure wash systems make your choice Hypro. A DIVISION OF LEAR SIEGLER, INC 319 Fifth Ave NW, St. Paul. MN 55112 Ł (612) 633-9300 Circle 108 on free Information card CO co CM DC 2 B CO m Atrazine N N N N 
N S 
s I N Benefin S I S S 
S s s s 
S Bensulide S S S S I I 
s s 
s 2,4-D S N 
S S 
s s 
N I 
s DCPA s N N 
s s s s s s 
Dicamba s I I o I I 
I I s Mecoprop s S S 
s s s 
I s s Organic arsenicals I I 
N s s s 
N N N 
Siduron s I S s N s S S S 
Simazine N N N N 
N s s 
s N Ł Use on lawn or garden to spray herbicide, pesticide, or liquid fertilizer Ł Connect to garden tractor 12 volt system or to 12 volt auto battery Imtg. brackets ^includedI Ł Spray boom covers 60 inch path Ł Spray hand gun shoots solid stream up to 25 feet and has adjustable misting nozzle Ł Corrosion resistant pump and valves Ł 25 gal. poly tank DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED wC1 I KIM MAIIUFACTUWIW6 CO INC | KIM MFG. CO., INC. f| 2555 SOUTHWEST BLVD DEPT. LCI KANSAS CITY. MO 64108 816 221 9443 31 > ? z n > 70 m 2 a c CO H 70 >< TI m co Circle 119 on free information card 32 BUSINESS What a lawn service can provide by Jerry Faulring, president, Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, Md. >« oc H co D 
Q 
Z Cd os < u z < -J The lawn care industry is now at a point in time when we should be reviewing what we have ac-complished in the past 10 to 20 years and discovering if the es-tablished precedents will be valid for the next period of in-dustry growth. The production and mainte-nance of quality turf to satisfy aesthetic consumer demands in a 
profit/loss environment is con-siderably different from main-taining roadsides, parks, golf courses and# athletic fields in a budgetary environment. The im-plementation of agronomic technology is dissimilar in 
quality turf production at a 
residential site compared to a golf club, for example, due to financial constraints. For example, the homeowner is not in a position to go out and 
borrow money to restructure the soil profile and share the cost with many over a period of years 
such as would be the case in building a golf course. As I see it, 
one of our greatest challenges is to develop and implement the . . one of our great-est challenges is to develop and imple-ment the necessary technology to satisfy consumer require-ments at low cost/9 necessary technology to satisfy consumer requirements at low cost. We are almost never con-fronted with construction con-siderations. We are almost always asked to provide quality turf at an existing site that was created to satisfy considerations very unrelated to future turf management practices. The yearly cycle. If I were to call you, a lawn care busi-nessman, on different dates throughout the year to survey your response to what a lawn service can provide, I'd probably hear something like this: ŁMarch 30: You'd say lawns are looking great and you feel great about his business. The phone has been ringing off the wall by potential customers. ŁJune 15: You'd be having a lot of reservations. You just paid 
off the preemergence bill and in walks your secretary with a box full of messages, same com-plaint, crabgrass. ŁAugust 25: Thinking about selling out, you are. Lawns crackle under foot and brown patch has just invaded your market area. To make things worse, it is 7 a.m., the tempera-ture is 80 degrees F. and you find out that national network tele-vision has just printed a report that the lawn care industry is to blame for many of the mis-carriages in the United States, not to mention that the industry 
is killing off its staffs one-by-one. ŁOctober 15: You are feeling pretty good. The rains are com-
ing, the lawns are healing, the weeds are dead and the crunch is over. ŁThanksgiving: You just got your first note from a customer 
saying something to the effect of "keep up the good work". Another dismal winter ap-proaches and you swear on a bi-ble that you'll have all the answers by next spring. Sound familiar? Probably so. These are universal cir-cumstances we are all up against. 
Our feelings and emotions have historically engaged the agronomic considerations of lawn care. If we take the position that some of our failures result because technology just does not exist to answer all the questions, we are left to cope with the 
issues from a non-agronomic 
point of view. That approach 
may be viewed by some as excuse-oreinted, but I think it is realistic. Customer expectations. So, just what can a lawn care com-pany provide? To simply state our purpose or goal, we are engaged primarily in the activity 
of providing a scheduled pro-gram of lawn treatments (either chemical or mechanical) to enhance the health and visual quality of the lawn for the pur-pose of enhancing the overall landscape setting. This commitment to perform a schedule of treatments or me-chanical activities too explores two different schools of thought. First, what can we realistically 
provide, and second, what should we provide to the con-
sumer whether he be an associa-tion of homeowners, a commer-cial office building manager or the detached residential homeowner? Before I go any further, I'd like to explore what it is that causes the consumer to have the level of expectation that he does. It has been my experience that expec-tations are somewhat different from what we can realistically 
provide. Why is it that the majority of potential customers we encoun-ter have unrealistic and unachievable expectations? Why 
do they in many cases assume that their problems are over when we walk through the door? Some of us have promoted what is impossible to deliver. If, for example, we print a picture of an 
absolutely perfect lawn on the 
cover of a brochure and proceed to sell our company under that cover, how can the consumer not 
assume that we can provide what the picture represents? Some of our customers pro-bably grew up on a Michigan peat bog where the lawns just grow great. Some think that we should be able to do at least as well with their rocks and clay as has been done on their golf course greens. Remembering that a picture is worth a thousand words, how many bad lawns 
have you ever seen in Better 
Homes and Gardens ? So we've 
got a problem. Before we even go out to look at the lawn, the homeowner is sitting back assuming that if he spends $150 he will get at least the type of lawn he saw at the lush estates "The production and maintenance of quality turf to satisfy aesthetic consumer demands in a profit/loss environment is considerably different from maintaining roadsides, parks, golf courses, and athletic fields in a budgetary environment." filmed in The Great Gatsby. These images, so well-fixed in the market's minds, are one of our greatest challenges to over-come. Of course, the consumer 
knows that Mr. Jones across the street has got a yeard full of crab-grass, but it is human nature to assume we can individually suc-ceed in getting just what we want. The point here is that we must make a strong and successful ef-fort to understand why the 
market thinks as it does and then cause the market to understand just how far we can go in satisfy-ing those Better Homes and Gar-dens images. I point this issue of consumer expectations out at this time because it is integral to ex-ploring the balance of the issues 
in answering the question of what a lawn care company can and should provide. Missed opportunities. Agronomically, we have the technology to provide green grass free of weeds. Depending on our company strategies, even timely fertilizations can be a problem. A volume-oriented BOOTS HERCULES Nitroform from ti&OR POWDER BLUE FEEDS THE ROOTS WHILE AVOIDING FLUSH TOP GROWTH You can feed the roots of grass while you feed the tops Š and still avoid excess top growth. With Nitroform from Boots Hercules. Quick release nitrogen primarily feeds the top, resulting in too much top growth 
and little or no root growth. Nitroform Powder Blue is the sensible 
release nitrogen. It will not burn or streak. It can also be mixed and applied with 
insecticides and fungicides. It helps grass maintain a BOOTS HERCULES BOOTS HERCULES AGROCHEMICALS CO. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 302/575-7850 good green color between feedings. Use Nitroform Powder Blue in your lawn sprays Š or Blue Chip for dry application. Write direct for additional information. If your fertilizer isn't lasting long enough, it doesn't contain Nitroform. NOTE: Ask about Deltic, the new insecticide to eliminate ticks and fleas in lawns. Ideal 
for the lawn care operator who wants to enlarge his business. operation is very involved in compromises between what is correct and what can be 
realistically achieved. If one service vehicle, for ex-ample, is responsible for 500 to 600 lawns, it is obvious that ideal treatment timing cannot be 
achieved. Target applications of insecticides to achieve maximum 
benefit is impossible. On the other hand, the com-pany that elects to service fewer 
accounts per service vehicle can usually afford the luxury of bet-ter timing. But, prices must be higher and that company may not 
have the resources to provide additional services and programs expected by the consumer. This information should be presented to the consumer in terms of what 
the results may be for his lawn care investment prior to his con-tracting for services. In terms of what services a company can provide, I believe that we as an industry are currently in error for the overall strategies we have developed. I feel that many of us have ac-tually specialized too far to the 
extent that we are not serving the 
full scope of the consumer's needs and expectations. We are missing an opportunity to in-crease our sales volume without increasing our client list and at the same time serve the market better. "If one service vehi-cle, for example, is responsible for 500 to 600 lawns, it is obvious that ideal treatment timing cannot be achieved." My company recently did quite an extensive survey of our customers to determine our weaknesses, to learn how we could better serve our customers' needs and to get a better grasp of what psychological consid-
erations of the consumer we should be concerned with. Regarding the issue of additional services beyond the scope of traditional chemical lawn care, here is what we learned: 49 percent said they would pay extra for mechanical thatch removal; 32 percent said they want us to provide chemical pest control for their ornamental tress 
and shrubs; 36 percent want root-
zone fertilization of their trees 
and ornamental plantings; and 14 percent said they want a mowing service. Additionally, our customers have always expected such ser-vices as non-selective weed con-trol, fungicide applications on an as-needed cuartive basis and overseeding. Certainly we have encouraged some of these con-sumer attitudes through our ad-
vertising. Seeding is an inter-esting service in that many com-
panies don't get involved with it at all and many companies who 
used to overseed have dropped that service. Seeding has always posed numerous problems for us, to page 34 z o > X en Z a a œ H X < x en oo LAWN SERVICE frompage33 but 56 percent of respondents to our survey indicated that they felt the availability of our seeding services was a very im-portant part of our overall ap-
proach. Doubled sales volume. With a little quick math, if you correlate some of those market attitudes we learned about in our survey, it is very conceivable that a 
strictly chemical care company could double its sales volume without adding any new customers. Again with regard to 
our survey, 32 percent of the respondents cited as one reason for employing Hydro Lawn was due to the choice or variety of ser-vices we offer. Incidentally, only 36 percent were influenced by low price. We have become a very price-
competitive industry and yet 64 percent of my customers in-dicated that price was not their number one concern. Although not directly asked on our survey, 
it is my impression that although price definitely influences buy-44 A volume-oriented business is very in-volved in compromises between what is correct and what can be realistically achieved." ing decisions, price is not as im-portant as overall results. The point is that many com-panies can provide more 
supportive-type services than they are presently engaged in. I 
do not propose that everyone should run out and set up a full-service landscape management company. A certain level of specialization has numerous and distinct advantages. What I would propose is that you consider what services 
would be valid offerings to complement your present pro-gram in terms of both financial gain for yourself and in terms of what you should legitimately be offering to perform for your customers. A lawn that has a one-and-a-half-inch layer of thatch needs some attention- Rather than passing the buck and making ex-cuses as to why the lawn is not 
performing, we should be help-ing the customer with disposing 
of such problems. I think that if you give it some consideration, you will concur that from the physical service side of our business, we may have an obligation to position our type and variety of services to meet a greater variety of con-sumer needs. Industry image. The next area that I think we should be con-
cerned about and which is ex-tremely important to our present 
and future success explores the 
business activity of public rela-tions and image. I believe this to be an integral part of discussing 
what a lawn service can provide even though it involves strictly 
non-agronomic matters. "A lawn that has a one-and-a-half inch layer of thatch needs some attention. Rather than passing the buck and making excuses as to why the lawn is not performing, we should be helping the customer with disposing of such problems." As we try to understand the importance of serving the market's non-agronomic needs, we should make an effort to ap-preciate how the industry is currently perceived by the market and to learn if that per-ception is different from what we would like it to be. I believe it is. As the industry seeks to find a position of security and stability, the manner in which we are per-ceived by the market will have great bearing on how effectively we can perform the agronomic objectives. For example, if we convey the concept that we can solve all problems, and then in reality the market realizes that we can't, the 
market will quickly become dis-
illusioned and refrain from buy-ing ourservices. It should be a primary objective to convey 
what is realistic and that we can be an effective service industry or the market will either shift to alternative methods of obtaining the desired goal or else not do anything at all about the manage-ment of their landscapes. In the second case, an overall attitude of market neglect will certainly depress our future level of success. An excellent 
point to be made here is that our 
industry is now bringing quality 
lawns to people who have never had them before. The children of our current customers are gro-wing up in an environment that includes professional lawn care. 
Subconsciously, these youngsters will come to think of professional lawn care as a necessary pur-chase when they buy their own homes. If we do a good job today, they will have no negative impres-
sions to prevent them from buy-ing our services in the future. On the other hand, if they don't grow up with the impression that we are the doctors of their lawns 
and landscapes, they won't auto-If you were to invent something that could. . . aerate, seed, fertilize spread weed control and spread insect control, all at one time. . . What would it look like? What would you call it? matically consider us. This con-sideration does not necessarily involve just individual company actions. We must collectively 
create a positive awareness and need in the market for both our 
current and future success. In developing this theme, I see several ways in which we can better serve the market and 
cause a very positive market per-ception of us. These points go beyond the scope of just causing lawns to be green and weed free. Consumer education. There are a number of considerations here. First, we should expend an effort to properly communicate what reasonable expectations may be. Each lawn site has 
specific inherent deficiencies that should be explained before we start any work. Then we should describe exactly what our policies are and what we'll do when the variety of known potential problems arise. The consumer should be ex-"It is imperative that we staff and equip our operations to be very responsive to routine and extraordinary customer and lawn needs. For ex-ample, the capability to cope with disease and in-sect problems on a timely basis can mean the dif-ference between success and failure." I seasonal periods. Customers do not like surprises. At Hydro Lawn we have imple-mented a variety of educational efforts that have been well-received. First, when we see a 
lawn for the first time we com-plete a fairly comprehensive sur-
vey that covers 14 areas of inter-est including such things as weed, insect and disease analysis, several management habits of the customer and plicitly advised as to what his responsibilities will be. We 
should solicit each customer to provide us with observations during the periods when we don't see his lawn. Simple, easily understood communication of what we do to the lawn and why it is essential to secure coopera-tion from the customer. Most clients like to be advised of what to expect from either a specific treatment or from upcoming We've invented it, and it's called Trac'n Combo. topographical considerations. 35 We also have a two-page state-ment of policies, terms and con-ditions of the company-client relationship. We have a recorded message í that is changed weekly to pro- > vide up-to-the-minute in-formation on all aspects of turf management. Additionally, we have about 25 special fact sheets that cover very specific problems such as weeds, insects and dis-eases, which permit a fairly in-depth presentation of the facts 
concerning the particular issue 
of concern. We have prepared a 
very substantial booklet that § briefly discusses many issues S such as thatch, mowing, watering and diseases. I feel very confident that the cumulative effect of all these ef-forts is to cause our clients to be very aware that turf manage-ment is a complex issue and that we need their cooperation to ef-fectively manage their lawns. In-cidentally, our survey confirmed that all these efforts are being well-received and appreciated. For example, we periodically have produced a very profes-sionally illustrated and written newsletter containing articles concerning both lawn care and general gardening. Almost 90 percent of the survey respon-
dents said it is worthwhile read-ing, informative and interesting. Many of us feel that the con-
sumer is not interested in learning more about the science of turf management. My customers overwhelmingly dis-
agree. Train your staff. The trend in recent years has been very 
favorable regarding this effort. According to LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY magazine, only five Now, after years of painstaking develop-ment, there's Trac'n Combo, the incredible modular combine that makes lawn mainten-ance faster and more profitable than you 
ever imagined it could be. Look at what Trac'n Combo can do for you: Ł Cut labor costs, increase productivity. Ł Save precious time. Trac'n Combo covers up to 1000 sq. ft. per minute. Ł Reduce maintenance costs through simple design and sturdy construction. Ł Minimize waste with precise metering of materials dispensed. Ł Simplify lawn care through easy operation. No special training is required. Ł Aerate and dispense in either forward or reverse. Exclusive features include retractable spinner plate and aerator for travel over rough terrain. Trac'n Combo is self-supporting, and mounts to any tractor in minutes. And, be-cause it mounts directly on the tractor, it is maneuverable even in confined areas. f For more information call 201-494-1413 collect, or mail this coupon | to: Trac'n Combo, Inc., P.O. Box 7, Metuchen, NJ 08840 Dealer | inquiries welcome. U.S. patent pending | NAME COMPANY_ CITY. STATE . . ZIP. PHONE. Illustration of Trac'n Combo mounted on any tractor does not imply tractor manufacturer's endorsement of the unit. "Our staffs should be able to expertly in-terpret the variety of circumstances they'll see and be able to give sound advise to tneir customers. This is a very excellent mecha-nism for us to cause a desirable market per-ception of us .. percent of the companies responding to one of their sur-veys indicated that no staff train-ing program was being imple-mented. This is so important because the people working on the lawns have the most frequent contact 
with lawn and customer. Our staffs should be able to expertly interpret the variety of cir-cumstances they'll see and be able to give sound advice to their 
customers. This is a very excel-
lent mechanism for us to cause a 
desirable market perception of us in addition to just getting bet-ter results from our program ob-jectives. to page 36 Introducing a breakthrough in lawn maintenance. 36 LAWN SERVICE from page 35 Provide follow-up services. It is imperative that we staff and equip our operations to be very responsive to routine and ex-traordinary customer and lawn needs. For example, the capability to cope with disease 
and insect problems on a timely 
basis can mean the difference between success and failure. CQ H U. OC F co D 
Q 
Z LÜ OC < U z < The Hydro Lawn strategy in this area has always been to ac-tually perform remedial treat-ments rather than simply coach the customer on what he can do. It is possible for the homeowner to apply a fungicide, but the im-portant issue is whether or not he'll do it and do it on a timely basis. Ultimately, such special problems must be accomodated 
or both the customer and the company will lose. Research. It is not practical to assume we'll learn everything "It is not practical to assume we'll learn every-thing we need to know from university and in-dustry research. The level of your participation is very dependent on your corporate resources, but even a very small program to test materials and techniques can yield some extremely valuable lessons. An understanding of your local market soil chemistry and soil types is very useful in developing a good program of treatments." we need to know from university and industry research. The level 
of your participation is very de-
pendent on your corporate resources, but even a very small 
program to test materials and techniques can yield some ex-tremely valuable lessons. An understanding of your local market soil chemistry and soil types is very useful in develop-
ing a good program of treat-ments. Many of us have learned some hard lessons about products that are advocated with substanti-ation of research. Using your 
customer's lawn as a test plot for Quit toying around! Whether taking care of property is your business, your pleasure, or simply your responsibility, you need the proper equipment to do a proper job. Satoh tractors are engineered for the optimum blend of power and speed for efficient and economical performance in a complete range of applications. And throughout Satoh's full line of 14 diesel 
and gas-powered 2 and 4-wheel drive tractors, sized from 15 to 38hp, the features most often demanded by profes-sionals are standard. For example. Dual-range multi-speed selective sliding gear transmission with differential lock. Power take off with multi-step speed control and integral safety shield around the PTO shaft. Live hydraulic implement control and rug-
ged Category I 3-point linkage. Environmentally-sealed brakes with independent pedals and hinged interlocking plate. Heavy-duty electrical starting system for all-weather dependability. Full instrumentation for instantaneous monitoring of all engine functions. And more. Your Satoh dealer can show you the complete range of standard features and available options as they pertain to specific models. Such as the 15hp Beaver and the 3-cylin-der 16.5hp Beaver III, two of Satoh's compact water-cooled 
diesels with performance capabilities seldom found in 
their class. Or the 25hp water-cooled diesel Bull. With 12-speed dual-range transmission, 4-step PTO and simple interchangeability between estate, agricultural or wide turf tires, it's the most efficient and versatile mid-size utility 
tractor for grounds maintenance or construction applica-
tions on the market today. If you're serious about what you do, forget the toys. And look at Satoh. The professional tractor people. Satoh. Satisfaction1-Get it at you t SATOH tractor dealer. P.O. Box 5020. New York. N. Y. 10022 basic research is very un-sophisticated and can be dis-astrous. The overall objective here is to build market confidence in us. They surely have confidence in us when their lawns are looking great. But when seasonal climatical factors or cir-cumstances such as soil types cause the lawn to decline, we 
must cause the market to fully appreciate the constraints beyond our control that affect how well their expectations are satisfied. In summary, the answer to what a lawn service can provide is a complex issue that needs 
considerably more attention than we have given it in the past. The implications here are very im-portant for those who want to make a long-term success of satisfying the aesthetic consumer need for quality turf. Faulring is president of the Professional Lawn Care Association of America MARKETING Equipment shipments to decline five percent A five percent decline in selected lawn and garden equip-ment shipments is forecasted for the 1980 model year, according to a recent survey of 21 companies by the Outdoor Power Equip-ment Institute. With the exception of rotary tiller shipments, which are ex-pected to remain relatively flat, the projections indicate a decline in shipments of walk-behind mowers, lawn tractors/riding mowers, and garden tractors. "Shipments of walk-behind power mowers are projected at 5.6 million units, a five percent decline from 1979's estimated 5.9 million units." Shipments of walk-behind power mowers are projected at 5.6 million units, a five percent decline from 1979's estimated 5.9 million units. Lawn trac-tors/riding mowers are expected to decline by 12 percent to an es-
timated 786,000 units, while a ten percent decline to 228,000 units is predicted for garden tractors. Rotary tiller shipments are ex-pected to increase slightly from 1979's estimated 571,300 units to 572,500 units in 1980. As for the major economic in-dicators relevant to the lawn and garden industry, the consumer price index is projected to in-crease ten percent in 1980, while the gross national product is forecasted to increase 1.9 per-cent. Further, housing starts are projected at 1.5 million, the 
unemployment rate at seven per-
cent, and producer prices for 
finished goods at 10.5 percent. LAWN CARE INDUSTRY READER SERVICE CARDŠFEBRUARY 1980 (expire.m»0day.) Use this prepaid reader service card to get additional information on products or services mentioned in this issue (Card must be completed before processing) NAME TITLE BUSINESS ADDRESS _STATE_ If you would like a subscription to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY circle number 101. Subscription cost is $10.00 per yeer. To help us better service you editorially, please answer the following: 1. Are you primarily Involved in. Ł Chemical lawn care and maintenance services Ł Chemical application only Ł Mowing and other maintenance services 
Ł Other (specify) Application Ł Liquid Ł Granular Ł Both 2. Is your business location: Ł Headquarters 
Ł Branch office 3. Is your business: Ł Independent 
Ł Chain Ł Franchise 
Ł Other (specify) Title: Ł President Ł Owner Ł Manager Ł Technician Ł Other (specify) . 5. Number of accounts: Ł Less than 500 Ł 500-1.000 Ł 1.001-5.000 Ł 5.001-10.000 
Ł 10.001-25.000 
Ł 25,000 or more 6. Estimated annual sales volume: Ł Less than $50,000 Ł $50,001-100.000 Ł $100,001-250.000 Ł $250,001-500,000 Ł $500,001-1.000.000 Ł $1,000,000 or more Ł Please send product information only on items circled Ł Please have a salesman call me about Items circled. Best time to call me Is . SIGNATURE _ CIRCLE THE ITEM 101 102 103 121 122 123 141 142 143 161 162 
181 182 201 202 203 221 222 223 
241 242 243 
261 262 263 163 183 NUMBERS 104 105 124 125 
144 145 164 165 
184 185 204 205 
224 225 
244 245 
264 265 FOR FREE DETAILS ON PRODUCTS 106 107 108 109 110 111 126 127 128 129 130 131 146 147 148 149 150 151 166 167 168 169 170 171 186 167 188 189 190 191 206 207 208 209 210 211 226 227 228 229 230 231 246 247 248 249 250 251 
266 267 266 269 270 271 272 273 274 AND SERVICES 112 113 114 132 133 134 152 153 154 
172 173 174 
192 193 194 212 213 214 232 233 234 252 253 254 .DATE_ 115 116 117 135 136 137 155 156 175 176 195 196 215 216 217 235 236 237 255 256 257 275 276 277 157 177 197 118 119 120 138 139 140 160 158 159 
178 179 180 200 
220 198 199 218 219 236 239 240 
258 259 260 278 279 280 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2675 CLEVELAND. OHIO POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Attention: Circulation Dept. LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44102 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 665 DULUTH. MINN POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE LAWN CARE INDUSTRY P.O. BOX 6136 DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55806 SUBSCRIPTION GROUP SUBSCRIPTION RATE: 5 or more copies Š $7.00 per subscription. Include all names and addresses on company letterhead. Ł PAYMENT ENCLOSED Ł BILL ME Make check or money order payable to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. 1 Year Š $10.00 2 Years Š $18.00 3 Years Š $23.00 BUSINESS ADDRESS STATE ZIP 1. Are you primarily involved in: Chemical lawn care and maintenance services Ł Chemical application only Ł Mowing and other maintenance services 
Ł Other (specify) Application Ł Liquid Ł Granular Ł Both 2. Is your business location: Ł Headquarters Ł Branch office 3. Is your business: Ł Independent Ł Chain 
Ł Franchise Ł Other (specify) . 4. Title: Ł President Ł Owner 
Ł Manager Ł Technician Ł Other (specify) . 5. Number of accounts: Ł Less than 500 Ł 500-1.000 
Ł 1.001-5.000 Ł 5.001-10.000 
Ł 10.001-25,000 Ł 25,000 or more 6. Estimated annual sales volume: Ł Less than $50,000 Ł $50,001-100,000 Ł $100,001-250.000 Ł $250,001-500.000 Ł $500,001-1.000.000 Ł $1,000,000 or more Signature . HORTICULTURE Fighting elm disease with insecticides in Minnesota A recent Special Local Need label has cleared the way for treatment of healthy elm trees in Minnesota to control native elm bark beetles, the primary insect 
vectors of Dutch elm disease there. The beetle control pro-gram, using Dursban insecticide is viewed as a potentially signifi-cant "second step" to sanitation programs in slowing the spread of Dutch elm disease fungus, Ceratocystis uimi. "A good sanitation program, including debarking of all elm 
firelogs, is still the top priority," Sanitation programs are the key to limiting elm bark beetle repro-duction. In addition to cutting down and removing diseased ana dying trees, debarking of elm logs and firewood is essential. Bill Phillipsen, extension en-tomologist at the University of Minnesota, said. "We're reaching the point, though, where cost and logistics in epidemic areas are making it 
very difficult to keep up with dis-eased tree removal and downed 
log disposal. "In the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington area alone, es-timates on diseased elms in 1979 range up around 77,000 trees. With present costs for labor and equipment, the price tag for removeal and disposal will run in the neighborhood of $30 million. We find we're in the same "catch-up" situation with Dutch elm disease that other 
communities faced in the lower Midwest and East about 10 to 20 years ago." Research on Dursban insecti-cide has been conducted in several communities during the past several months by Phillip-sen and associates Mark Ascerno and Val Landwehr, under 
funding from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture Shade Tree Program. The pro-
duct earlier was registered and has been used successfully in native elm bark beetle control 
programs in Canada. A U.S. federal label is pending, reports 
Dow Chemical, manufacturers of the insecticide. Dutch elm disease was first reported in Minnesota in 1961. As is typical of many infestations around the country, the disease had relatively little impact on elm populations for 12-14 years. Then the disease multiplied rapidly. "In the last five years, we've lost more than 20 times the num-
ber of elms killed in the first 14 years. The rate will continue to escalate unless comprehensive management programs are im-plemented," Phillipsen said. "Costs for tree removal are es-sentially unavoidable. If commu-nities do nothing to slow down the spread of Dutch elm disease, they will still have to remove dead and dying trees to keep them from falling across power lines, into houses, over traffic 
routes and so forth. We're look-ing at practical ways to disperse Both European and native elm bark beetles leave distinctive "tracks" to mark their former presence under the bark of dead elm trees or downed logs, fi : reprod the Europ the wood grain, it's the native elm bark beetle. including firewood. These which insect reproduced here, the tree, it's the European elm egg-laying galleries provide a valuable clue e. If the main channel runs parallel to the grain of bark beetle; if the channel is perpendicualr to these removal costs over several years." From a total elm population of about five million trees, the Twin Cities seven-county metropolitan area still have 4.5 million that are 
disease-free, according to Phillipsen. If the disease is allowed to progress at its normal logarithmic rate, virtually all 
elms in that area will be 
destroyed over the next ten years. With today's cost of tree removal averaging nearly $400 
each, the expense would add up to a staggering $1.8 billion. This does not take into account the aesthetic impact on communi-ties, depreciation in home values due to loss of the majestic shade tree, or damage losses attributed to falling limbs and trees. Two insects serve as elm fungus disease carriers the smaller European and the native elm bark beetle. Both reproduce 
during the summer months in 
downed elm logs or diseased trees, which points up the impor-tance of sanitation programs to deprive both insects of egg-
laying sites, as well as to reduce the natural reservoir of disease fungus. In some parts of the country, European elm bark beetles are the prevalent species. In Min-nesota, however, native beetles 
far outnumber the European. "In the northern two-thirds of Minnesota, the native beetle is the main and, in many instances, 
the exclusive carrier of Dutch elm disease," Phillipsen said. "In the southern third, the native is an important carrier along with the European beetle." Insect studies indicate that only two or three percent of the 
overwintering European beetles are likely to be carrying the dis-
ease fungus. "In our studies, 
about 30 percent of the overwin-tering native beetles carried the fungus. It only takes one beetle to 
infest a tree." Both insects do most of their damage in the spring when they to page 38 37 t-> ? z n > X w Z a c CD H X Ti m co Sell-Propelled Turf Sprayer 4 Wheels Smoother ride. More stability. High Flotation Twice as much as a utility truck and sprayer. Wide Coverage 16 ft. folding spray boom. Use 3 sections or individually. Haianspray-pro Precision application. Fast efficient spraying. Centrifical pump. 100 p.s.i. max. 55 g.p.m. High pressure piston pump and hand gun optional. 16 h.p. cast iron engine. 3-speed transmission 
160 gal. polytank with agitator. 33 years experience building self-propelled sprayers. DEALERS WANTED (812) 428-2025 TURF DIVISION 1625 N. Garvin St. Evansville, IN 47711 Circle 146 on free information card ^LÖ-GREEN 20-20-20 tu 3 For Carriage-Trade Results... WATER SOLUBLE PLANT FOODS by PRO-LAWNM Ideal for establishing and maintaining shrub plantings, gardens and lawns. Plant foods available in 25 and 45 lb reusable plastic pails. 30-10-10 For acid-loving plants such as azaleas, rhododendrons, evergreens, camellias. 20-20-20 Excellent for foliar feeding. For roses and all perennial and annual flowers. PLUS High- and extra-high phosphate . . . low- and no-phosphate formulations. Timely Deliveries. Samples on request. Pro-Lawn has a complete line of fertilizers in both water soluble and granular forms. For more information, current prices, write or call: PRO-LAWN PRODUCTS. INC. Box 4908 Ł Syracuse. NY 13221 « 315-477-6112 proiawn Circle 128 on free information card m 3 bu 38 DUTCH ELM frompage37 emerge from overwintering sites. Natives emerge first, starting around mid-April or early May, 
and fly into larger branches of healthy elms to feed. Trees are particularly vulnerable at this time, when new growth is being added and rapid transmission of the fungus can occur. European beetles emerge about a month later and feed on smaller twigs and branches. Dis-ease fungus introduced at this time usually spreads more slowly through the tree. If dis-ease symptoms like leaf wilt and brown discoloration in twig cross-section are detected early 
enough, it may be possible to save most of the tree by cutting out the infected branches. A key to stopping native bee-tles was discovered in a "weak link" in its life cycle, which makes it much more susceptible oc H CD D D 2 w oc < u 2 < to insecticide treatment than is the European. Native beetles overwinter as adults in the bark along the lower trunk of healthy 
elms. European beetles seek out downed trees and logs, overwin-tering in the larval form. "By treating the bases of healthy elms with Dursban, 
we've destroyed over 97 percent of the native beetles overwinter-ing there," Phillipsen said. "In addition to its effectiveness, 
another important advantage is that it doesn't repel the insects. The beetles do not avoid treated elms even when there are un-treated trees nearby." Two formulations of the chlorpyrifos-based insecticide are registered for use in Min-nesota Dursban 2E and Dursban 4E. Application rate is .5 percent active ingredient solution with water, sprayed to wet (not run-off) the basal two to two-and-a-half meters (six to eight feet) of standing healthy elm trees. The entomologists do not rec-ommend that this management technique be left to individual homeowners, because effective control of beetle populations must be handled on a communi-ty-wide basis. At present, trained municipal employes and licen-sed pest control operators repre-sent most of the qualified ap-plicators. The Minnesota Special Local Need 24c label must be in the possession of the user at time of application. "The best time for application is late August to mid-September," Phillipsen added. "This would be just before native beetles start their search for overwintering sites. Extra care should be devoted to the basal six inches of the tree, including root flare. Young elms (up to eight inches 
diameter) and thin-barked elms are especially vulnerable to the beetles." Fall treatment is preferred because beetles can introduce the fungus directly into healthy 
trees as they make their overwin-
tering tunnels. The "bottoms up" disease symptoms are similar to those associated with root graft 
transfer of Dutch elm disease from infected to healthy elms. Spring treatments also can be ef-fective by destroying beetles as they emerge to begin their 
feeding and reproductive cycle. The research team has monitored Dursban insecticide 
effectiveness for more than nine months, so a repeat treatment in the fall should not be needed where spring applications are made. "Tree spray programs we've outlined will normally be con-
ducted early enough in the spring and late enough in the fall that they won't conflict with most 
of the ongoing sanitation pro-(o page 44 ® +NOC+, our Crabgrass ROCKLAND PROFESSIONAL Betasaii Selective Prc-cmergencc Herbicide ROCKLAND BETASAN now available in a new 8/16 mesh 7% granular plus three different strengths 1 2.5%G./ 3.6%G. and a 4 lb. E.C. (R) Betasan is a registered Trademark of Stauffer Chemical Co. ROCKLAND has a complete line of granular insecticides, herbicides and fungicides for Professional Turf Maintenance. ROCKLAND Fertilizers contain combinations of IBDU, NITROFORM and new SULFUR COATED UREA. Some available formulations Š 25-5-15, 30-2-5 and 20-4-10. All products are formulated with the highest quality ingredients and carriers. ROCKLAND PROFESSIONAL lawn and garden PRODUCTS CATALOG erlcPclROCKLAND CHEMICAL CO, INC. te I VI I PASSAIC AVE., WEST CALDWELL, N.J. 07006 Ask your supplier or write Circle 121 on free information card Ł Ł COST CUTTINGS Smaller spray trucks? He says no The December issue of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY carried an article predicting that because of increasing fuel costs and other reasons, many lawn care companies would be using smaller spray tank trucks in the future. A number of manu-facturers were quoted in the article. Richard D. Steinau, president of Greenlon, Inc., Cincinnati, has this response to those comments: "In response to your article about lawn care in the 80 s and specifically to the section on smaller trucks, I may be able to save my fellow lawn care company owners 'one ton' of money. "Several years ago, Greenlon had a similar notion that switching to one ton trucks would show a savings in gasoline and increase our maneuverability. Buyer, beware. "We bought eight units and were deliriously happy over our good fortune. At first we saved on gasoline. Then the clutches started going out. After the clutches it was the brakes. After the brakes it was the transmission. Get the pic-ture. They carried too much weight,' the dealers are yelling in the background. Wrong. As suggested in the article, we were carrying 800-gallon tanks, but could only fill them to 700 gallons because the one ton truck could not take the weight. "What I'm trying to say is don't get taken in by the high-flying salesperson. They will tell you it can handle the load. 
Our trucks had heavy-duty everything, including five extra 
leaf springs for the rear load and it still was a mistake. "Epilogue: We just purchased five two ton vehicles." "Our TORCO sprayers outlasted and outperformed any other spray units we have tried!" Š Tim Shallcross, Jr. Greenlawn, Inc. Durability and dependability are the two main reasons that TORCO lawn sprayers have become the industry leader. If your business is suffering from "down time" and high maintenance costs, find out what our customers like Tim Shallcross already know... TORCO means tough! TORCO Equipment Company Ł 207 Eiler Ave. Ł Louisville, Kentucky Ł 40214 (800) 626-1818 or (502) 366-1415 (collect in Ky.) MEETINGS California association plans landscape show The first annual California Landscape Contractors Associa-tion Landscape Industry Show has been scheduled for April 3-4, at the Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach, Calif, The show will feature the latest in equipment and plant materials for landscape, and 
irrigation contractors, landscape 
maintenance contractors, nurs-erymen, and landscape architects. Office computers and commu-nication systems will also be featured, along with pre-sentations by banking represen-tatives, vehicle fleet experts, and numerous business consultants specializing in the industry. Ad-mission to the show is free. For information about exhibit space contact the show office at 714-979-2522 or the association's Sacramento headquarters, 1419 21st Street, Sacramento, CA 95184, 916-448-2522. WIPE our GRUB PROBLEMS WIMPROXDL Proxol 80 SP I INSECTICIDE Grubs are of increasing concern. Many entomologists agree infes-tations are on the rise. Grubs can and will attack customer turf and reduce the benefits of your lawn care program. Your profits and reputation are on the line. Protect your reputation, and customer turf, with a grub control pro-gram using Proxol 80SP insecticide. Long used by golf course super-intendents, whose requirements are often very demanding, Proxol has recently become available to the lawn care industry. Proxol has a proven performance record for controlling grubs...and other common lawn pests: sod webworm, cutworm, and armyworm. Fast acting Proxol stops pests before damage starts. It controls grubs on contact. Unlike other insecticides that have been shown to tie-up in thatch, Proxol penetrates thatch readily and works effectively at the site of larval activity. You'll like the way Proxol fits into your lawn care program. It's highly soluble in water, easily applied with conventional ground equipment, and can be tank mixed with other non-alkaline pesticides. Low effective rates offer economy. And Proxol won't persist in the environment. Proxol helps you protect your customer's investment in your quality lawn care program. And protects your reputation, too. Acti-dioneR: Programed turf disease care is prevention of damage...not a cure. Acti-dione is a proven broad spectrum fungicide to help you stop turf disease problems before they start. We'll be glad to send more information. CALL THIS NUMBER TOLL-FREE FOR PRODUCT AVAILABILITY AND INFORMATION: OUTSIDE MICHIGAN 1-800-253-8600 INSIDE MICHIGAN (COLLECT) 0-616-323-4000 "TUCO TUCO products readily available. Over 150 U.S. distributors and 8 TUCO distribution centers assure you of convenient product availability. PRODUCTS Hustler tilt trailer A tilt trailer ideal for hauling lawn and garden equipment is offered by Hustler Corporation. The trailer features a solid rib-bed steel deck with a 1,500 pound axle capacity. Standard features include front and side rails, spare tire rack, oversized Goodyear tires, removable fen-ders, and heavy-duty chains. Circle 205 on free information card Plastic-coated plant stakes last longer Stan-Tall plant stakes, from The Leitz Co., feature permanent waterproof caps which prevent corrosion. Further, the plastic-coated steel plant stakes will not harbor wood-loving insects, are unaffected by agricultural 
chemicals, and will last ten times 
longer than other types of stakes, WATERPROOFCAP / N. GREEN PLASTIC T \ STEEL ^ according to the manufacturer. The stakes are available in six lengths from 36 inches to 109 inches and in three diameters. Circle 203 on free information card Tractor-mounted mower features 23-foot reach The Brigand, a hydraulically-powered, tractor-mounted mower by Bomford & Evershed, Ltd., features an exceptional reach of 23-feet, seven inches. Further, for close-in trimming its three-tpaered section arms can be retracted close to the tractor wheel. Circle 206 on free information card Self-priming straight and centrifugal pumps MP Pumps Division of Tecum-seh Products Co. announces its new Series 600 self-priming and straight centrifugal pumps. The pumps feature back pull-out design with jack screws for easy maintenance. In addition, both grease lubricated and oil lubricated bearings are offered with heavyduty bearing block rated up to 75 horsepower. The Series 600 is offered in cast iron, 
ductile iron, and stainless steel construction. Circle 208 on free information card Pop-up sprinklers Weather-matic's complete line of K-series pop-up, impact-drive sprinklers feature a patented arm spring adjustment which allows the operator to fine tune rotational speed and/or compen-sate for unusually low or high operating pressures. The only tools required are a phillips and a flat-blade screwdriver. Circle 207 on free information card Planning calendars Time planning calendars, from Cook's Systems, are helpful in preparing long-range planning on a daily basis. The calendars are printed in two colors on heavy cover stock for durability and easy reading. They also feature large writing areas and tinted guide lines. Circle 211 on free information card 21-horsepower engine The Kohler Company in-troduces a 21-horsepower, four-cycle engine which features long-life cast iron cylinder barrels on a weight-saving alumi-num crankcase. Breaker points, * ~ r* WW ^=*»ONAl-S Also available: A precision Verti-Cut Thatcher for poW preen maintenance TM-U0 noint hitch mount and Optional Spoons for double utility and Blades Ss£»r DEALERS WANTED (812) 428-2025 !ŁŁŁŁ 1625 N. Garvin St., Evansville, In. 47711 ( Circle 137 on free information card SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. Teeje<fc SPRAY NOZZLES AND ACCESSORIES SPRAY BOOM . CONTROL VALVEi PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES f LINE and SUCTION STRAINERS Vari Spacing, Split-Eyelet and Hose Shank BODIES and NOZZLES SPRAY GUNS Over 800 INTERCHANGEABLE SPRAY TIP TYPES AND CAPACITIES... tapered edge, even and wide angle flat spray ... hollow and full cone ... disc type hollow and full cone ... and flow regulators. The most complete line for spraying herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, liquid fertilizers and foam solutions. All materials. For complete information write for Catalog 36 ... and for foam spraying^ ask for Data Sheets 13602 and 13626. OPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. North Ave. at Schmale Rd., Wheaton, III. 60187 Telephone: 312 665-5000 / Telex No. 72-8409 PROMPT SHIPMENT FROM STOCK Circle 118 on free information card Three-in-one garden utility cart Tote Machine, from Great Outdoors, is three products in one including a large-capacity garden cart, two-wheeled dolly, and plastic lawn and gar-den bag holder. With its polyethylene body in place, the Tote Machine becomes a large-capacity garden cart capable of carrying up to 150 pounds of material. Further, its 16-inch bicycle wheels make it possible for the cart to be pushed or pulled with little effort. By undoing a quick-release catch the body is easily removed, converting the cart into a two-wheeled dolly that can be used for carrying heavy items. With the body still removed, a leaf ring can be fitted onto the dolly over which a standard plastic lawn and garden bag can be fitted for 
collecting leaves, grass clippings, and other refuse. Tote Machine weighs 50 pounds. A heavy-
duty model capable of carrying 300 pounds of material is also available. Circle 201 on free information card TAKE THE BACK WORK OUT OF SOIL SAMPLING We manufacture the equipment you need for: Ł Chemical residue sampling Ł Sampling for soil fertility 
Ł Sampling for soil nematodes Ł Sampling for soil moisture Ł Sampling depths to 66 inches Ł Sampling tube is forced into soil using foot pressure Ł No bending over to pull sample 
Ł Portable Š WRITE FOR OUR CATALOG Clements Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 398 Ł Grinnell. Iowa 50112 (515) 236-5511 or (515) 792-8285 Circle 105 on free information card condenser, spark plugs, oil fill, dipstick, air cleaner, and car-buretor are all readily accesible for ease of service. Circle 214 on free information card Gas-powered trimmer Weed Eater, Inc.'s XR Series of gasoline-powered trim-mer/edgers are available in three models, the XR-50, XR-70, and XR-90. Each model is 
powered by a twocycle, 26.2cc engine positioned at the top of the unit for precise balance and handling. Both the XR-50 and XR-70 feature the "Tap-N-Go" cutting head which feeds out additional nylon cutting line when tapped on the ground. The XR-90 has a twin-line cutting head which can be replaced with a metal blade for brush cutting. Each model in the XR line comes with 40 feet of heavy-duty cutting line and solid 
state ignition. Circle 210 on free information card Easy-clean spreaders Gandy Company offers easy-to-clean 20- and 24-inch hand spreaders. Both models feature stainless steel bottoms and slides, along with an internal rotor which assures a constant flow of material. Further, all units can be completely dis-assembled for thorough cleaning 
without the use of special tools. Trailer spray system A trailer tank spray system featuring a 25-gallon poly-ethylene tank and a 12-volt, pres-sure-regulated electric pump is offered by Hustler Corporation. Lightweight, aluminum handgun provides spot-spraying capabili-ties and an adjustable three-foot boom provides broadcast spray-ing capabilities. Circle 204 on free information card Insecticide implants Data processing system for lawn care industry CALC-A-LAWN, a data pro-cessing system designed specifically for the lawn care in-dustry, is available from Mini Systems Group, Inc. Modular programs which have been 
developed as part of the compre-hensive CALC-A-LAWN package includes estimates processing, accounts receivable, routing, 
customer and route analysis, pricing, customer labels, spring 
reminders, automatic pricing, 
and annual invoice runs. Circle 202 on free information card Hydraulic mower Hydr-Mower, from Kut-Kwick Corp., is the most maneuverable hydraulic riding mower in the 60-inch range, according to the 
manufacturer. The mower 
features a 23horsepower, cast iron engine, two seven-gallon tanks, and separate hand levers r* > ? Z n > sO m z a c Cn H » m OD to allow "0" turning radius. Further, the unit is capable of cutiing on slopes of up to 25 degrees. Circle 212 on free information card PI for ornamental trees Acecap systemic insecticide implants, from Creative Sales, Inc. are tiny capsules which can be implanted into trees to protect them against a variety of insect pests. The implants,containing orthene insecticide, eliminates the need for measuring and mix-ing chemicals. Once implanted, the orthene translocates throughout the tree providing long residual control. Circle 215 on free information card Blower utility vacuum The Green Machine Model 600 Yard Blower provides a 100-mile-per-hour jet of air for rapid 
cleaining of both turf and hard surfaces. A separate attachment is available to convert the blower into a versatile utility vacuum. Circle 213 on free information card SUPER D WEEDONE APPLIED BY Only way to total lawn weed control! Super-D is the formulation that's right for you with broader coverage for your dollar and a broad range of weeds under control. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC. AMBLER, PENNSYLVANIA 19002 Circle 112 on free information card Cut, Roll, Slab or Fold, 24 hours a day, wet or dry weather, all sod conditions. Brouwer Turf Equipment Limited, Woodbine Ave., Keswick, Ontario, Canada L4P 3E9 Tel: (416) 476-4311 Circle 147 on free information card With a Brouwer Harvester you do it all with time and money saving efficiency. Over 1000 Top Turf men around the world use Brouwer Harvesters to assure themselves of top profit. The Brouwer line of Harvesters is engineered by a Turf Grower for Turf Growers. They're economical to acquire, labour saving, and they eliminate waste. Available in 15, 16, 18 and 24 inch widths and a choice of pallet sizes. You get a more uniform cut, less down time, less top soil removal, and a harvester that operates off the uncut turf. Brouwer Harvesters are easy on 
your sod. Write for our free Harvester brochure. BROUWER The Turf Equipment People LAWN CARE INDUSTRY ORGANIZES Ł To provide and disseminate informa-tion to the industry regarding laws and regulations affecting the industry and to promote the enforcement of same Ł To provide industry statistics Ł To exchange knowledge among the members for the improvement of the industry PURPOSES OF THE ASSOCIATION Ł To collect and disseminate informa-tion regarding lawn care for the betterment of public interest Ł To recommend standards of nomen-clature for the improvement of the industry Ł To sponsor and promulgate research related to lawn care among other persons or institutions Ł To provide information to the public regarding lawn care by sponsoring or participating in seminars, confer-ences and congresses related to educa-tion in the lawn care fields Ł To promote the lawn care industry in all other lawful ways 1. NATIONAL CONVENTION An annual event for the professional exchange of new ideas, innovations and operating know-how. Also a forum for Lawn Care industry suppliers to sell and demonstrate their wares. 2. NEWSLETTER A periodic publication distributed to dues-paying members to keep them abreast of the latest thinking and activities affecting their business and industry and what other Lawn Care professionals are doing about it. The proposed Newletter will include regulatory and consumer market trends, technical, economic, legislative and industry news as it happens. 3. SEMINARS Conferences, clinics and workshops will be conducted in sessions aimed at continuing management education for today's business climate and conditions relating to the Lawn Care profession. 4. TRAINING PROGRAMS Specially designed courses for sales, service and supervisory employees of member firms to project a strong overview of the Lawn Care profession and to teach, with case histories wherever possible, the common fundamentals of business practices, customer relations, regulatory and legal aspects, cost control and the importance of economics to business success. 5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Industry-funded projects will be initiated relating to advancement of Lawn Care technologies, analysis of new or unique methods, preparation of generic and industry-
wide information for general dissemination, conduct of 
studies relating to supplies, safety, equipment, transporta-tion and other general market data. 6. CONSUMER EDUCATION A generic (non-proprietary) approach to inform potential customers of the advantages of Lawn Care and the importance of putting the proper care of lawns in the hands of dedicated, trained, skilled professionals. 7. STATISTICS Surveys to enable each PLCAA company to compare its performance against the average performance of all MEMBER ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES member companies and to compare business performance factors, such as: sales volume, profit, investment, inventory levels, growth, etc. The Association will gather proprietary data from participating members for statistical analysis 
and prepare generalized data for dissemination to participating members while protecting the confidential 
information of each participant. 8. SAFETY PROGRAM The establishment of safety standards that, effectively followed by an industry, can better prepare that industry to contend with the multiplicity of national government regulatory groups and state and municipal codes that might seriously inhibit a business activity. Self-regulation and standards create a strong position on safety comprehension. Safety education films can also be produced for use in employee training, presentation to regulatory groups, management or customers as required. 9. ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE A basic concern of all Lawn Care professionals is proper understanding of environmental factors relating to services 
performed and the responsibility to protect the environ-
ment. This important aspect of consumer and governmental awareness of environmental treatment will be carefully monitored and an alert system will be maintained. 10. DIRECTORY A listing of each member of the Association in good standing, the PLCAA statement of objectives, code of ethics, active committees, members' management personnel and association representatives. Current officers, directors and active projects will also be listed to facilitate participation. 11. INSURANCE An extremely important service to members is the 
availability of insurance programs tailored to the specific needs of the average PLCAA member. A package of selective coverage is planned to include health and medical plans, accident, death, liability, comprehensive business insurance and risk management. 12. LEGISLATION A significant factor in today's business climate is the constant presence of state and national legislation that could seriously affect the operation of Lawn Care professionals through laws and regulations controlling 
industrial material and processes for example. Reports to 
member companies in these areas will provide advance 
notice of pending legislation which will enable PLCAA 
members to respond. 13. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS In a broader concept, federal government activities relating to labor, standards, safety, liability, consumer 
interests, finance, trade, revenue, environment, imports and exports and other areqs of special interest will be monitored. Appropriate agencies will be contacted when necessary. PLCAA, as spokesman for the entire industry, can present your interests with greater force and 
effectiveness than can an individual company. 14. STANDARDS Establishment of acceptable and common technical and safety standards will allow the Lawn Care profession to look upon criteria for their own performance and to have specifications that are tangible and demonstrable to both critics and allies 15. TRADE PRACTICES Development and recommendation of industry objectives and encouragement of practices that will reflect favorably on the industry as a whole constitute an important Association function. Special problems in trade matters can then be addressed and solutions recommended within 
the framework of industry objectives and policies. 16. ASSOCIATION LIAISON The exchange of information and industry viewpoints with related Associations in industry, arts and sciences will significantly expand the influence and prestige of PLCAA as well as give PLCAA members a broader insight into their own industry. 17. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Motivation of employees, the proper utilization of human resources, standard operating procedures, labor relations, training and job descriptions will be explored under this activity. MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS Please read qualifications and answer all questions on this application. Membership in the PLCAA may be held in the name of the company only. Send together with your check for the $50 application fee. I, (WE), HEREBY APPLY FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE PROFESSIONAL LAWN CARE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, AS FOLLOWS: Ł REGULAR MEMBER Š $200 per year Application for Regular Membership in the PLCAA may be made by any person, firm or corporation 
active in the chemical lawn care business for at least six months prior to this application. Ł AFFILIATE MEMBER Š $100 per year Application for Affiliate Membership in the PLCAA may be made by an operating branch or division of a Regular Member or business-related entity/individual designated by a Regular Member entitled to 
all rights of membership other than voting. Ł ASSOCIATE MEMBER - $500 per year Application for Associate Membership in the PLCAA may be made by any person, firm, corporation or other association engaged in business or research activities, related to, but not directly engaged in lawn care management, i.e. chemical suppliers, manufacturing and equipment suppliers, distributors and manufacturer's representatives. Name of Company Street 
City Phone State Zip Name and title of individual(s) who will represent your company to PLCAA: In making application for the class of membership indicated above, I certify that the applicant is qualified in accordance with the requirements for membership as defined above. I further certify that all information submitted in this application is true and, if accepted as a member (Name of Applicant Company) agrees to abide by the Articles of Incorporation, By-laws, and Code of Ethics of the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. A check in the amount of $50 is enclosed. I understand the application fee is not refundable if the company is not accepted as a member. If accepted, I will be billed for annual dues. (Fiscal year of association extends from July 1 through June 30. Dues are payable a full year in advance, but credit will be made on the following year if a portion of current fiscal year has passed when joining.) Date . . Signature Title . Please complete the reverse side of this application and return with your check to: Professional Lawn Care Association of America, 435 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1717 Chicago, IL 60611. BACKGROUND DATA 1. Date applicant company started: 2. Applicant company is primarily involved in: Chemical lawn care and maintenance services Application Ł Chemical application only Ł Liquid Ł Mowing and other maintenance services Ł Granular Ł Other (specify: ) Ł Both 3. Are you licensed? Ł YES Ł NO 4. Applicant company is an: Ł Independent Ł Partnership Ł Corporation Ł Chain Ł Franchise Ł Other (specify: 5. Applicant's type of business. Ł Manufacturer Ł Dealer Ł Distributorship Ł Lawn Care Service Ł Other (specify: 6. Is applicant company's business location: Ł Headquarters 
Ł Branch Office CONVENTION PLANS 1. Will you attend a national PLCAA meeting? Ł YES Ł NO 2. What time of year would you prefer the meeting to be held? Ł Winter Ł Summer Ł Other FOUNDER'S DESIGNATION Please send the necessary information for this membership to receive "Founder" member status. Ł YES Ł NO TOOLS, TIPS & TECHNIQUES Handling lawns in shade Rather than putting new seed or sod into shaded areas of lawns each year, it is important for the lawn care busi-nessman to recognize when he has shade problems on turf and handle them with good management, Dr. Keith Karnok of 
Ohio State University said. Speaking to a packed room of close to 700 lawn care busi-nessmen at the recent Ohio Turfgrass Conference in Cincin-
nati, he discussed management practices such as using shade-tolerant turfgrass varieties in blends, keeping trees pruned to 
reduce the canopy over the turfgrass area, raising the cutting height, avoiding excessive nitrogen, irrigating infrequently but deeply, keeping traffic off shaded areas and fungicide use. "How widespread a problem is shaded turfgrass?" Dr. Kar-nok asked. "It has been documented that 25 percent of all of our turf has to be maintained under some degree of shade." He said the most obvious characteristic of a shaded area is the reduction of light intensity. What many lawn care busi-nessmen do not realize is that shade also creates a reduction in light quality. "Light intensity is important," he said, "but in some cases liqht quality can be more important." Other problems faced in shaded areas are restricted wind movement and stratified areas of relative humidity. This allows the turfgrass plant to stay wet longer, and the bottom line is that the turf is more disease-prone. Depending on the species the lawn care businessman is try-ing to maintain, there are a variety of problems that can show up in shade conditions, he said. Kentucky bluegrasses are very susceptible to powdery mildew. Fine fescues, con-sidered by many to be the "shade grass of the North", are 
susceptible to leaf spot disease. "Also, in shaded areas, there is a reduction in the photosynthesis process, the food-making process of the plant," Dr. Karnok told the audience. "This lowers the reserve carbohydrate level in the turfgrass plant. This causes the plant to suffer, and it can't produce new tillers and 
rhizomes, it is not storing food in shoots and roots as it would be doing in full sun." Another problem lawn care businessmen have to face in shaded areas is the effect of the tree on turfgrass growth. Lit-ter, branches and leaves that fall can inhibit seed germina-
tion and turfgrass growth. Also, tree roots definitely compete 
with the turfgrass plant for nutrient and water uptake. "There is also a good indication that roots and leaves of cer-tain trees emit chemical compounds that can inhibit growth of turfgrass seedlings and plants," he said. "This is called aleopathy, and it has been an area neglected too long." He said work is being done to determine under which trees turf cannot be grown. He said it is important to use the correct turfgrass variety in shaded areas. Suggested varieties, according to Dr. Karnok, are, for Kentucky bluegrasses, Nugget, Warren's A-34, A-6 and A-7, Birka, Bristol, Glade and Touchdown. He also suggested Biljart fine fescue and Pennlawn red fescue (especially in dry situations). In addition to this, Poa trivialis, rough stock bluegrasses such as Sabre and Polis, perform very well in shaded conditions. He said ryegrasses look good initially in shaded areas, but over the long haul are not going to do the job. His seed recommendations for a dry, shaded area are: About 20 to 30 percent of the seed mixture should be a blend of three or four varieties of improved, shade-tolerant Ken-tucky bluegrass, and about 70 to 80 percent of fine-leafed fescue such as Pennlawn. This should be seeded at a rate of about three to five pounds per 1,000 square feet. Depending on the species the lawn care businessman is trying to maintain, there are a variety of problems that can show up in shade conditions, according to Dr. Keith Karnok, of Ohio State University. Kentucky bluegrasses are very susceptible to pow-dery mildew and fine fescues are suscepti-ble to leaf spot disease. For a wet, shaded area: About 10 to 20 percent of an improved bluegrass blend, 50 percent fine fescue, and the remainder should be Poa trivialis. This should be seeded at two to three pounds per 1,000 square feet. Other management practices Dr. Karnok recommends for shaded lawn areas: Raise the cutting height to 2-V2 to 3 inches, allowing more leaf material to intercept light. Avoid excessive nitrogen. The plant is already stressed, and if the tissue is made any more succulent, any more susceptible to disease, "you are going to lose it," he said. Irrigate infrequently, but deeply. "You want to keep the leaf surface as free of moisture as you can," he said. "The dis-ease pathogens love moisture." He also recommended keeping traffic off of the area, and fungicide use if necessary. "But when you use fungicides," he said, "you are going to increase costs drastically." As a final note, Dr. Karnok said that in some shaded areas, the lawn care businessman is going to have to consider going to a groundcover. "English ivy and pachysandra will do very well, and in a short period of time you will have complete cover," he said. "Whether you like it or not, sometimes you are going to have to go that route for your customer. It is better than bare soil." tr > ? Z n > PC m Z O c CD H po *T1 m 00 Heavy Duty Measuring Wheel Welded Construction Wide Wheel-Wj Cushioned Handle Grip Metal Housed Used by one of the Largest Lawn Care Companies in the U.S.A.-Great for Measuring Roads, Parking Lots, and Driveways . . . Counter Easy Reset Counter Guard Custom Colors Available on Request (Lots of 25 or more Only) Shipping F.O.B. Columbus Quanity Discounts Available For More Information Call or Write: Imler Industries, Inc. I 1117 Broadview Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43212 614/ 486-9068 Circle 138 on free information card ^ŁokVUOH . Great lawns for Customers OVVP/^vW' Cood Profif for You! Ł Ł Ł Model 40 Vacuum E-Z Pickup of Grass Clippings, Thatch and 
Leaves! y*¡i YOUR BRAND TRACTOR PLUS E-Z VAC = A GREAT LAWN-CARE TEAM! Ł Optional remote pickup unit Ł Optional cart and cart cover accessories For Details on other E-Z VAC Models and Prices write or call: Ł Powerful 5 h.p. engine Ł Retractable Starter Ł Rugged Construction Makers of Fine Power Products for Better Lawn Care! E-Z RAKE, INC. Ł BOX 506, LEBANON, IND. 46052 Circle 143 on free information card DUTCH ELM from page 38 jects," Phillipsen said. "From this standpoint, communities will be able to utilize their available manpower and equipment 
without a lot of additional ex-pense. Essentially all U.S. elms are susceptible to Dutch elm disease. In northern states, approxi-mately 95 percent are American (white) elms, with the remainder made up of red elm and rock elm species. A few foreign species, including the Chinese and 
Siberian elms, are fairly resis-tant to Dutch elm disease. Some have suggested importing these to replace native elms that have been lost to Dutch elm disease. "We're not recommending this because they would serve as reservoir hosts for the disease, making it even more difficult to slow the destruction of our native elms," Phillipsen said. "They have other drawbacks, too. They're fast-growing, but Dutch elm disease was first reported in Min-nesota in 1961. As is typical of many infestations around the country, the disease had relatively lit-tle impace on elm populations for 12-14 years. m brittle, so they tend to lose their branches. And they don't have the shape and structure of the American elm." What about insect pheromone projects? "The pheromone-trap method may show some promise in wild areas with only European 
beetle populations, but we haven't discovered a similar sex attractant that works with native 
beetles," Phillipsen said. "We 
consider pheromone traps, at this point, to be a valuable monitoring tool for European beetle infestations. "As for a large-scale program based on pheromone use, there 
are disadvantages. By attracting a large number of beetles to a certain area, again a reservoir of fungus and beetles will probably 
build up. And there's the prob-lem of isolating the treatment area. The best results obtained in recent tests indicate at least three to 13 percent of the beetles will still escape this method." A great deal of research also has been focused on methods of combatting the Dutch elm dis-
ease fungus itself, instead of con-centrating on the insect carriers. Are any of these being utilized IflTKDOIUailS SEfTlPETEH SEFTIEFffiE 1EUII I E ] ESEEQIflLW FCrS E1LL1 SFltfF utiiiiitr. How to unlock your growth potential Do you have at least 3,000 customers? Are you and your staff overwhelmed with paperwork? Wish you had time to manage and plan for growth Š instead of constantly "putting out fires"? Then it's time for you to think computer! Business growth is out there waiting Š but to unlock this potential, you need a computer and softwear developed especially for your needs. Or perhaps you're already computerized with a "canned" system but what your com-pany needs is "specialized" programs. Either way, based on our own experience, we at Mobile Automation can provide a customized total system for you. What Is Mobile Automation's Customized Total System? Accounting: Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Payroll, General Ledger Management Reports: Production, Cost and Revenue, Sales and Marketing, Com-missions, Special Customer Service Management Control Programs: Invoice Printing, Reminders and Overdue Notices, Customer Status Reports, Treatment Scheduling and Analysis, Selective Mailing Lists including Labels You don't need specialized knowledge. Your present personnel can use our softwear programs, which are compatible with most computers. (Sperry Univac BC7-700 and Sperry Univac BC7-800, IBM-32, and IBM-34) Mobile Automation's expertise comes from on-the-job development of a total system for Keystone Lawn Spray, Inc. that has enabled this Pennsylvania-based corporation to 
grow to the second largest chemical lawn care company in the tri-state area of Penn-sylvania, New Jersey and Delaware with unlimited future growth potential. Their growing pains were the same as yours. Mobile Automation's solutions to these problems will work for your business too. Please call or write Tony Ciarlone for more information: 1051 RADNOR ROAD, WAYNE, PENNSYLVANIA 19087 (215)687-6007 mnftih autcmaiiBii on a significant basis? "A variety of both chemical and biological agents have been tested as tree inoculants, usually under strictly controlled en-vironmental conditions," Phillip-sen said. "In a few instances, they've given good results. So far, however, there is nothing that has proved consistently ef-fective in controlling the disease fungus in field applications. "Probably the greatest draw-back, though, is cost. Most of these methods require specialized equipment and take more time. We feel our efforts should be directed primarily at aggressive sanitation programs to stop the disease carriers. And, since the native elm bark beetle essentially bypasses sanitation 
programs in its overwintering habits, we believe the insecticide 
spray method can prove to be a 
valuable augment to sanitation." PESTICIDES from page 10 Ł Special care should be exer-cised when applying pesticides. 
Herbicides are probably less dangerous to the applicator because large droplet size and 
lower pressures are normally 
used. However, insecticides are usually more likely to be applied with higher pressures and smaller droplet sizes. This leads to a greater likelihood of spray material blowing or drifting. 
Consequently, the operator must 
check wind conditions, as well as the proximity of other humans 
and animals. Highly toxic pesti-
cides should not be used on windy days and usually not im-mediately before a rain because drift and runoff could cause dis-
astrous effects. If fine mists are being created, full protective clothing and equipment should 
be used. Boots and leg protection are necessary for all ground ap-
plications. Ł No pesticide should be ap-plied until the application equip-ment has been calibrated. Any change in operating pressure, nozzle size, forward speed, height of boom, concentration of the pesticide, or mix ratio will re-quire recalibration of the equip-ment. Ł All people working with pes-ticides should develop the fol-lowing habits: l.JNever smoke or handle any food before washing 
hands. 2.)Do not place food near pesticides or in areas where pes-ticides are stored or mixed. 3.)Follow the 3-30 rule when mix-ing pesticides. That is, rinse the 
pesticide container three times and allow it to drain 30 seconds between rinses. 4.) Change clothes daily and do not wear any clothes that have been ex-
posed to pesticides until they have beenlaundered. Con-taminated clothing should be handled and washed separately from other clothing. Ł Equipment used for mixing or applying pesticides should be thoroughly washed and decon-taminated after use or before repairs are made. This is es-pecially true when applying toxic substances. Dr. David P. Martin (right), former OSU agronomist, was Honored as "Man-of-the-Year" for his service to the Ohio turfgrass industry and OTF. President Bill Hill (left) made the presentation. President Bill Hill (rieht) accepted the past president's plaque for in-coming president Ron Giffen. The plaque was presented to Hill in appreciation of his "outstanding ser-vice" as president in 1979. fames DeLong (rightl, a student at Ohio State University, won the OTF "Dick Duke Memorial Scholarship" as an outstanding student in the turf-grass curriculum. Bob Robinson (left), director of Agronomy for Chemlawn, made the presentation. Dr. Phil Larsen (left), turfgrass pathologist at Ohio State University, was honored by OTF with their Pro-fessional Excellence Award for out-standing contributions to turf disease control. Gene Probasco (rightj, of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co., Elyria, Ohio, made the presentation. Ohio turf show: 'Man-of-the-Year' honored; scholarship winner selected The first posthumous Professional Excellence Award was given by OTF in honor of the late Roy Schräge. Schräge is remembered for his longtime efforts in golf course construction and mainte-nance with Century Toro in southern Ohio. Past OTF President John Fitzgerald (right) accepted the plaque 
for the Schräge family from OTF trustee Gene Burress. ARE YOU PRESENTLY APPLYING CHEMICALS 
AND GETTING CUSTOMERS FOR SOMEONE ELSE? Lawn Doctorean sharpen the turf skills you already have and train you in the mar-keting techniques that helped Lawn Doctor to service over 16 million dollars in business during 1979. Call or write today to hear more of what we can do for each other. 800-631-5660 In N.J.: 201-996-9700 S*9 Investing your time and money is a serious thing. Professionals have made the decision to attend the First National Lawn Care Business Con-ference in Milwaukee, Wis., March 16-19. Join the many professionals already registered "Managing for Profitability" is the theme. Cost of registration to March 7, $60, after that, $75. Share not only the top notch program geared to your needs, but plenty of opportunity to meet other professionals and ex-change ideas. Get registration details by writing, or mail fee with complete name, title, address. Room reserva-tion details at the new Red Carpet Hotel, 4747 S. Howell Ave., Milw. 53207 will be sent. Lawn Care Conference Box 1936 Appleton, Wl 54913 414/733/2301 Circle 126 on free information card Circle 132 on free information card Circle 130 on free information card LAWN*DOCTOR P.O. BOX 525 142 HIGHWAY 34 MATA WAN, N.J. 07747 BUNTOK COMMERCIAL LAWN-TURF EQUIPMENT MORE POWER ...for less cost per h.p.! The new 16 h.p. Bunton gives you 60% more power than the 10 h.p. model -for less than 20% more cost. Now you can cut heavier grass faster ... and have a smoother running, longer lasting engine! It's a rugged, self-propelled mulching mower with a battery start. Available in 36" and 52" cutting widths with optional riding attachment. A complete line (50 models) of commer-cial mowers from 18" through 20'-4" cuts, from 31/2 h.p. through 19.6 h.p. 1979 GSA No GS-07S-03640 For more information send for complete full-line catalog. BUNTON CO. P. O. Box 33247 Loul&ville, KY 40232 U.S.A. 502/459-3810 Telex 204-340 46 OQ bu BEHIND THIS ISSUE >-OC H co D Q 2 w oc < u 2 £ < Let's talk about growth in the lawn care in-dustry. I kind of like to play with numbers, and here are some of my favorite ones for you. Last month in INSIDE THE INDUSTRY, we published a list of 62 chemical lawn care companies grossing in the vicinity of a million dollars or more each year. We 
published the same type of list in our mmmmmmmm WAGES from page 1 compensation program where 60 percent of the starting em-ploye's wages will be fixed and 40 percent will vary with their performance," he said. "This way the strong performer should be able to earn in the range of $13,000 to $14,000; the average performer between $11,000 and $12,000; and the less adequate performer between $10,000 and $11,000. "The net effectivenss of the program is we will have to pay out more money than last year to the tune of about eight percent," he added. David J. Frank, owner of David J. Frank Landscape Contracting, Inc., plans to increase his em-ploye's wages about 15 percent, more than any other lawn care operator contacted by LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY. Frank said it is "almost an in-sult" to reward quality employes with a cost-of-living increase. "If you give somebody a cost-of-living increase he's earning exac-
tly what he did the year before. If you want to reward someone for doing a good job he deserves more. "So what we hope to do is put together a benefit package that will be meaningful to the em-ployes, in addition to giving them 
a cost-of-living increase." One of the primary reasons for the wage increases, according to Bob Baier, president of Plant Control Corp., Irvine, Calif., is people tend to accept inflation as a fact of life. "People tend to ac-
cept inflation too readily," he 
said, "and a by-product of that is wages have to go up." However, not everyone is in-creasing wages in 1980. Mike Cust, president of Cust Mainte-nance Co., Oxon Hill, Md., 
described 1980 as a "freeze year. 
We carry seven key people all year round and all these people 
have been told that we have a wage freeze for 1980," he said. Cust also plans to reduce his starting salaries from $4 an hour to $3.25 an hour in 1980. "My peo-
ple know I have a problem so they're going to do what they can 
for me," he said. "It will make it 
hard on them, but if it looks like we can raise wages later we 
will." November 1978 issue. I pulled out the 
figures for six of the largest chemical lawn care companies from both of our surveys and compared their figures between the two surveys. The six companies were: ChemLawn Corp., Columbus, Ohio; Lawn Doctor, Inc., Matawan, N.J.; Lawn Medic, Inc., Bergen, N.Y.; R.W. Collins, Inc., Satellite Beach, F1 a.; Hydro Lawn, 
Gaithersburg, Md.; and Easy Lawn Co., Pi-qua, Ohio. These six companies certainly are not typical of the total chemical lawn care in-
dustry, but their growth in the last year can give some kind of indication where the chemical lawn care industry is going. Collectively, these six companies grossed $88.4 million in 1978 on service to 723,000 customers. This comes down to an average yearly sale of $122.32 per customer. One year later, these same six companies were grossing about $116.3 million on service to 882,400 customers. These figures compute to an average increase of 31 percent in gross sales, along with a 22 percent increase in customers. The average yearly sale this past year was $131.24 per customer, an increase of $8.92, or 7.2 percent. Again, these figures are only for six of the largest chemical lawn care companies, but the per-centages seem to hold up with what our other LAWN CARE INDUSTRY surveys 
have been showing about the growth of the lawn care industry. And speaking of growth, we are again proud to say that this 48-tabloid-page issue is LAWN CARE INDUSTRY'S largest in our relatively short three-year history. We are 
also carrying the most advertising that we ever have, and the most-ever advertisers Š 42 in all. And you can be sure they are drooling over the kind of business you guys are doing. . /) A Six great gas-power-tough trimmers: MODEL 1900 High-quality economy trimmer. Here is famous Green Machine quality and performance built into a new, low-priced 14.9 cc gas-trimmer. Unlike many low-end gas trimmers, The Green Machine Model 1900 has plenty of powerŠso much power that it comes equipped with two heavy-gauge long-wearing .080 Green Line cutting strings. Coupled with great engine performance 
is a simple but effective 2-string, manual-feed cutting head. A TFCŽ automatic-feed head is available as an option, as well as a new flexible rubber blade for fast trimming of weeds. Other features of the 1900 include a flexible, enclosed drive shaft, light overall 
weight for ease of operation, multi-position molded handle. SPECIFICATIONS: Engine Type: Inverted 2 Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 14 9 cc Bore & Stroke mm 27 x 26 Compression Ratio: 62 1 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM) 65/6500 Carburetor: Butterfly Type All Position Ignition: Contact Point Type Clutch Housing: Direct Coupled Lubrication (Fuel Mixture) 20 to 1 Fuel Capacity: < 4L) 42Qt Shaft: Flex Type Reduction: None Cutting Head (Std): 5 Dia Cutting Swath: 17 in Weight (with cutting head) 10 lbs (4 5kg) MODEL 2000 Loaded with Power. This model is equipped with the popular 22.5 cc Green Machine engine. There's power to spare for the toughest string trimming operations. Standard equipment includes the reliable, manual-feed head. You can also use it with the optional TFCŽ Tap-For-Cord head. A light tap on the ground automatically releases fresh cutting string. The Model 2000 can also be used with the new fixed-line head (.105 line). Other features include an all-position diaphragm-type carburetor with positive fuel shut-off. Power is transmitted through a rugged, enclosed flexible drive-shaft. As with the 1900, the mid-handle is easily 
adjustable to the operators height and can be quickly reversed when the unit is used for edging. It's a beautifully built unit, ideal for those that want additional power and efficiency. SPECIFICATIONS: Engint Type: Upright 2-Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 22 5 Bore & Stroke mm: 32 x 28 Compression Ratio: 6 5 1 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM) 1 2/6500 Carburetor: Slide Type All Position Ignition: Contact Point Type Clutch Housing: Direct Coupled Lubrication (Fuel Mixture) 20 to 1 
Fuel Capacity: ( 6L) 64Qt Muffler Spark Arrestor Shaft: Flex Type Reduction: None Cutting Head (Std) 5 Dia Cutting Swath: 18 m Weight (with cutting head): 11 lbs 
(5kg) MODEL 2500 A great string trimmerŠand more. Powered by the proven 22.5 cc engine, here is a string trimmerŠthat's more than a string trimmer. Model 2500 comes equipped with a new Universal TFCŽ head for fast, efficient grass and weed trimming. Just switch to one of the optional quick-change metal blades and you've got a great brush cutter or tree pruner. The performance of this unit in tough brush and pruning opera-
tions has to be seen to be fully appreciated. The brush blade lets you cut through heavy brush and vines up to % inch in diameter. The saw blade, used with a combination chopping/sawing action can slice easily through branches up to three inches in diameter. It is equipped with a straight solid-steel shaft with spiral-bevel gears. Four 
optional heads are available for this unitŠsee 
chart on back page. SPECIFICATIONS: Engine Type: Upright 2-Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 22 5 Bore A Stroke mm: 32 x 28 Compression Ratio: 6.5:1 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM) 1 2/6500 Carburator: Slide Type All Position Ignition: Contact Point Type Clutch Housing: Direct Coupled Lubrication (Fual Mlxtura) 20 to 1 
Fuel Capacity: ( 6L) 64Qt Muffler Spark Arrestor Shaft: 
Solid type 8mm Reduction: 1 26 Gear Drive Cutting Head 
(Std) 5 Dia Universal TFC Cutting Swath: 18m Weight (with cutting head): 13 lbs (5 9kg) ir Blades and blade guards shown in top photo are optional items * Fuel mixture ratios shown in specifications are with conventional 2-cycle oils. For convenience and long engine life we recommend ONE-MIX the great new multi-ratio oil ADVERTISERS INDEX CLASSIFIED Adelphi 14 Agro-Chem, Inc 10 Allied Chemical Corp 2 Ashland Chemical Co 7 BASF Wyandotte Corp 30 Boots Hercules Agrochemicals Co. . .32-33 BrouwerTurf Equipment Bunton Co 45 CLC Labs 5 Diamond Shamrock Corp 3 Deere & Co 20-21 Elanco Products Co 27 E-Z Rake, Inc 43 Hahn, Inc 37,40 
HMC, Inc 46-47 Hypro Div., Lear Siegler Corp 31 Imler Industries 43 KimMfg 31 Keystone Lawn Spray 44 
Landscape Industry Show 13 Lakeshore Eqpt. & Supply Co 16 Lawn Care Business Conference 5,45 Lawn Doctor, Inc 45 A. J.Lesko Co 5 Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc Cover IV J. J.Mauget 12 
Monsanto 22 
Pro-Lawn Products 37 Professional Lawn Care Association of America 42 ProTurf Div., O. M. Scott & Sons 14-15 Rhone-Poulenc, Inc 23 Rockland Chemical Co 38 Satoh Agricultural Machinery 36 Spraying Systems Co 40 
Stauffer Chemical Co 8-9 Stihl, Inc 6 Torco Equipment Co 38 Trac'N Combo 34-35 TUCO Div., The Upjohn Co 39 Turf-Seed, Inc 4 Union Carbide Corp 28-29, 41 U.S. Gypsum 11 When answering ads where box number only is given, please address as follows: Box number, % LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY, Dorothy Lowe, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. Rates: 35c a word for line ads, 65c a word for display ads. Box numbers add $1 for mailing. All classified ads must be received by the publisher before the 10th of the month preceding publication and be accompanied by casn or money order 
covering full payment. Mail aa copy to Dorothy Lowe, LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. FOR SALE FOR SALE: Tree/lawn sprayer components, all new; 1-Bean 20-20 500 psi pump, 1-Kohler cast iron 12 h.p. electric start, 1-275 gallon s.s. tank. $1500. w/used hose and guns. P.O. Box 548, N. Kingstown, RI 02852. 401 294-6397. MISCELLANEOUS KELWAY SOIL pH TESTER, used by professionals everywhere. Direct reading, longlasting, portable, lightweight, no power source. Model HB-2 reads moisture too. Available through local distributors or contact Kel Instruments Co., Inc., Dept. L, P.O. Box 1869, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 201 471-3954. KNOW pH INSTANTLY. Patented electronic tester, portable, handheld. For soil, liquieds, etc. $22.00 postpaid. Details free. A & H Marketing, Dept. L5, 8325 Dru Ave., 
S.E., Albuquerque, NM. 87108. Phone 505 266-4821. USED EQUIPMENT STAINLESS STEEL COMBINE that rolls, aerates, applies seed plus li-quid and granular chemicals. Call 301 987-5901. FOR SALE: 1200 gallon liquid lawn feeder, tank, hose reel, hose and noz-zle, 800 gallon Finn lawn feeder, tank, hose reel and nozzle. 219 747-3298 or 747-1370. FOR SALE: 10-1977 Chevy one-ton trucks, 750 gallon spray tanks, R & M 3L4 pump, electric hose reels, spray hose, ready to spray. Phone 513 845-0631. LOCKE 75 reel mower with sulkie, used one season, excellent condition. Completely serviced, $1,000.00. DuBrow's Nurseries, 251 W. North-
field Road, Livingston, N.J. 07039. 201 992-0598. t-> S z n > Łx M z a 
c CD H PO m 
OD HELP WANTED BRANCH MANAGER needed for fastest growing landscape treatment firm in California! Service, sales, ac-counting experience. Send resume and salary requirements. The Green Scene, 5842 Tampa Avenue, Tar-zana, California 91356. MODEL 3000SS The Pro's Choice. This Green Machine has set the standard for commercial-quality trimmers. Thousands are in use by professional gardeners, grounds maintenace crews, and large-acreage owners. The 3000SS has been made even better with a new, more powerful engine and solid-state ignition. Like the 2500, these units can also 
be used for brush cutting and tree pruning, 
using the accessory metal blades. Model 
3000SS comes equipped with the commer-cial quality TFCŽ Tap-For-Cord string trim-mer headŠthe first automatic-feed head built for the professional. Other heads available include the ultra-simple, 2-string (.105) manual head designed specifically for rental-yard and other special uses. Quality features include: solid, heat-treated drive-shaft and spiral-bevel gears; anti-vibration clutch hous-ing with dual bearings; larger, quieter muffler and air cleaner; larger gas tank. SPECIFICATIONS: Engin* Type: Upright 2-Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 24 1 Bore & Stroke mm: 32 x 30 Compression Ratio: 651 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM): 1 3/6500 Carburetor Slide Type All Position Ignition: Solid-State-Transistor Type Clutch Housing: Anti-Vibration Lubrication (Fuel Mixture): 25 to 1 
Fuel Capacity: ( 7L) 74CH Muffler Spark Arrestor Shaft: 
Solid type 8mm Reduction: 1 26 Gear Drive Cutting Head (Std): 6 Dia TFC Cutting Swath: 18 in Weight (with 
cutting head): 15 lbs (6 8kg) ics from The Green Machine. No guess, no mess! ŁuHknhbh MODEL 4000 The high-production trimmer, brush cutter. This is the high powered Green Machine designed specifically for specialized, 
day-after-day trimming of grass, weeds, 
and brush. A harness with hip-pad and 
wide handle bars provides maximum operator efficiency for SM#fc*demanding operations as highway road-side mainte-nance. The 37.4 cc easy-starting engine 
has power to spare to operate the com-
mercial TFCŽ head with .105 cutting string. Other heavy-duty features include larger drive shaft and larger 
spiral-bevel gears. With accessory blades, the swiveling center shaft of the 4000 makes it ideal for hillside brush cutting and pruning of low-hanging tree branches. SPECIFICATIONS: Engine Type: inverted 2-Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 37 4 Bore & Stroke mm: 38 x 33 Compression Ratio: 9 1 1 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM): 2 7/7500 Carburetor Slide Type Float Ignition: Contact Point Type Clutch Housing: 
Direct Coupled With Swivel Lubrication (Fuel Mixture): 20 to 1 Fuel Capacity: (11L) 1 17Qt Muffler: Spark Arrestor Shaft: Solid 10mm Reduction: 1 26 Gear Drive Cutting Head (Std): 6 Dia TFC Cutting Swath: 20 in Weight (with cutting head): 21 lbs (9 5kg) MODEL 4500 The Green Machine Forestry unit. Modern forestry practice demands fast, efficient tree and brush clearing. Here is the tool for the job. Using a combination chopping-sawing action, saplings up to 4 inches in diameter can be felled in a single stroke. One man equipped with the 4500 becomes a formidable system of forestry maintenance. This unit is specially-designed to withstand the continuous side-shock impact imposed by this type of work. Extra anti-vibration features as well as an exceptionally heavy-duty shaft are included. The special handle guards 
help protect the operator. The 4500 comes equipped with brush blade, saw blade and blade guard. The commercial quality TFCŽ Tap-For-Cord head is available as an option. SPECIFICATIONS: Engine Type: Inverted 2-Cycle Air Cooled Cylinder Type: Single Alum Alloy Chrome Plated Displacement: 37 4 Bore & Stroke mm: 38 x 33 Compression Ratio: 9 11 Max H.P. (H.P/RPM): 2 7/7500 Carburetor. Slide Type Float Ignition: Contact Point Type Clutch Housing: Direct Coupled With Swivel Lubrication (Fuel Mixture): 20 to 1 Fuel Capacity: (1 1L) 1 17Qt Muffler Spark Arrestor Shaft: Solid 12mm Reduction: 1 26 Gear Drive Cutting Head (Std): Blades Weight (with cutting blade): 22 lbs (10kg Contact your distributor or write today! The Green Machine HMC, 22133 South Vermont Avenue. Los Angeles, California 90502 Circle 133 on free information card LAWNMARK is presently accepting applications for Doth full and part time Service Rep. positions for Milwaukee, Akron, Cleveland and Rochester. Excellent compensation, benefits and upward mobility poten-tial. Send resume to: Personnel Dept., Lawnmark Hdqtrs., P.O. Box 634, Hudson, OH 44236. TURF SPECIALIST/MANAGER TRAINEE positions open at ex-panding chemical lawn and shrub care company in fast growing 
Houston, Texas. Tremendous oppor-tunity for those having experience with national or regional lawn care companies, or knowledge of turf-grass and ornamental plants. The right people will have unlimited ad-
vancement potential. Send complete resume including education, experi-ence and salary nistory to: Environ-mental Lawn Care, 7544 Harwin, 
Houston, Texas 77036 or call collect 713 784-1750. EVERGREEN CHEMICAL LAWN CARE of Troy, Michigan is now ac-cepting applications for Lawn Technicians. Positions are available immediately. Send resume or call collect: 1061 Badder, Troy, Michigan 48084. 313 588-3512. MANAGE YOUR OWN OFFICE Š Evergreen Chemical Lawn Care Corp. is opening new offices, Michi-gan and Indiana area, management personnel needed. Involved in the 
sales, production and management duties. Experience in the Chemical Lawn Care Industry necessary. Top salary, benefits, bonus and ownership opportunities with a rapidly expanding company. Send resume or call collect: 1061 Badder, Troy, Mich. 48084. 313 588-3512. "STANDARD OF THE INDUSTRY" MOOEL 3000 SS Now with mora power- plus solid-state ignition Commercial-quality TFC Tap-For-Cord head equipped with Green Line extra long-life nylon string. (Model 3000SS, as well as 2500, 4000, and 4500. also accept metal blades for brush cutting and tree pruning.) baron "With Baron, it's delivery as usual Peter Loft, Chairman, Lofts Pedigreed Seed What better testimonial to Baron's performance? The climatic stress which caused the bluegrass supply problem made our point better than any ad we could write. Baron ... the world's outstanding Kentucky bluegrass weathered the seed crisis. Baron endured and is available to meet your needs for a tough bluegrass that can stand up to stress and traffic. Order Baron . . . The Kentucky bluegrass that came through the crisis. Let it come through for you. ran Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc. Bound Brook, New Jersey 08805 LOFTS Lofts/New England Arlington, MA 02174 (617) 648-7550 Great Western Seed Co. Albany, OR 97321 (503) 926-2636 Lofts/Maryland Landover, MD 20785 (301) 322-8111 Lofts Kellogg Seed Co. Milwaukee, Wl 53201 (414) 276-0373 Canadian Distributor: Oseco, Inc. Brampton, ON L6V 2L2 (416) 846-5080 Lofts/New York Cambridge, NY 12816 (518) 677-8808 Circle 129 on free Information card