2,4-D under fire from Toronto groups A Toronto group of parents has stirred up a news media cam-paign against use of the herbi-
cide 2,4-D, causing school boards 
and the Toronto Parks Depart-ment to cut back on their spray-
ing programs and putting a dent 
in the lawn spray industry in that 
area. The name of the parents group is Parents Against Senseless 
Spray (PASS). In a recent 
pamphlet, the group said: "We have good reason to suspect 2,4-D can cause cancer, birth defects, deformities. We 
know it can cause headaches, fever, nausea, skin rashes, etc. We also know it does not break down as rapidly as we are led to believe and can remain in both the food chain as well as the body. When cancer has incre-
ased by 240 percent since 1910 and is the number one disease 
killer of children, can we afford to allow the continued use and overuse of this chemical?" In the lead editorial in a recent issue of the Toronto Globe and Mail, entitled "Name Your Poison," the newspaper starts out by saying: "One of the significant charac-teristics of our time is said to be mistrust of government, but maybe it is broader than that. There is, we suspect, a growing mistrust of all who claim to speak with authority, and this includes 
scientists and technologists as well as politicians and bure-aucrats. Having come closer to a 
nuclear station meltdown than we had been led to believe was 
possible, we are less easily con-
vinced by official assurances about our health and safety than we once were." The editorial went on to ex-plain that the herbicides 2,4,5-T 
and 2,4,5-TP had been banned by Canadian Environment Minister Harry Parrott because of "great public concern over the use of these two products." In place of those herbicides, the government is allowing use of 2,4-D and other phenoxy her-bicides. The editorial continues: (o page 56 Notify customer 48 hours before application? In writing? Ohio bill would make it mandatory A bill presently in committee in the Ohio House of Representa-tives would require that lawn care companies in that state 
notify customers 48 hours in ad-vance of a lawn care application of pesticides. The notification would have to be a written statement explain-ing the date and time of applica-tion, the chemical composition of pesticides to be applied and per-tinent information on the effects of the pesticides on persons and the environment. The bill would also require that no pesticides could be ap-plied without written permission from the owner of a property. Actual wording of the Ohio House Bill Number 952, pro-posed by Rep. Maddux earlier this year includes: "To amend section 921.99 and to enact section 921.251 of the 
Revised Code to prohibit the ap-WWN ^ffllServing lawn maintenance Ł and chemical lawn [ care professionals. INDUSTRY MARCH 1980 Ł VOL. 4, No. 3 Ł A Harvest Publication GARDEN EDITORS a lawn ' release 'How to select care company is mailed by PLCAA A release to garden editors at suburban and metropolitan newspapers across the country explaining how a homeowner 
should select a lawn care com-pany has been mailed by the Pro-fessional Lawn Care Association of America. The release explains things the homeowner should look for from a chemical lawn care company in 
areas such as materials, person-QUICK STARTS Computerized irrigation system page 12 2,4-D blamed for miscarriages page 14 Oregon advertising campaign page 18 Total and partial turf renovation page 20 Nozzles: Selection and maintenance page 24 Insects and their control page 34 MEMOS 2 MEETING DATES 5 NEWSMAKERS 8 MARKETING IDEA FILE 23 MONEYWISE 33 
TOOLS, TIPS & TECHNIQUES 42 PRODUCTS 49 COST CUTTINGS 51 nel, spectrum of services, service policies and a code of ethics. The release points out that all mem-bers of PLCAA subscribe to a stringent code of ethics, and 
gives the address of PLCAA if a homeowner wants to find out if a particular company belongs to PLCAA. The release reads: "Professional lawn care com-panies have enjoyed wide accep-tance by homeowners as an alternative to the 'do-it-yourself' approach to lawn care. However, 
like any other service, quality 
and scope of these services vary. 
Since few homeowners are agronomists, certain pertinent 
questions may help to identify the services which best suit in-dividual needs: "Materials. What kind of fertil-izer does the company use? What 
is the nitrogen source? Dry versus liquid types of application are not inherently superior to to page 58 What percentage of gross receipts is your pre-tax profit? plication of pesticides on prop-erty without the written permis-sion of the occupants of the prop-erty "No person shall apply, cause to be applied, or engage a person to apply a pesticide on property unless he: "At least 48 hours before ap-plication of the pesticide, sup-plies to the owner of the property 
a printed or legibly written state-ment of the pesticide or pesti-cides to be applied, the date and time of such application, the chemical composition of such pesticides, and any pertinent in-formation on the effects of such pesticides on persons and the en-vironment, including possible residues and health hazards; "Obtains written permission from the owner of the property 
before applying the pesticide." Penalties called for in the legislation vary from third-degree to first-degree mis-demeanors. The bill is presently in the House's Agricultural and Natural Resource Committee, 
chaired by Rep. Locker. A hear-ing date has not yet been sched-uled. BUSINESS Barefoot buys back Nebraska franchises Barefoot Grass Lawn Service, Inc., a subsidiary of The Toro Co., has purchased for an undis-closed amount of cash its 
Barefoot Grass franchises in Omaha and Lincoln, Neb. They were acquired from Donald Geis, Lincoln, who has operated the two Barefoot Grass franchises for three years. Barefoot Grass, based in Columbus, Ohio, has named Michael Miller, manager, and 
Mark Storey, assistant manager, 
of the Lincoln and Omaha op-erations. Both men were pre-viously based in Columbus. Both markets are scheduled for aggre-ssive promotion and expanded customer service under the new management, company officials reported. P t( 29T££ Id n HC-SS IWVIW HifcCN JLS 3N *j£öI Sionac/ad 3 d8I d äiil odvosvw uta -6I8-1IÛ3 ; based on inter-HE INDUSTRY, ooks at business, isinessman faces en suggested by Source. 1979 LCI survey oc < 2 > oc C/3 D Q Z w a: < U z Lawn Doctor to take 'Century 21' approach Lawn Doctor, Inc., Matawan, N.J. is stepping up its plans to sign up existing lawn care businessmen on its franchise program for the lawn care industry. About half of the franchisees the company hopes to add this year will be of this nature, the company told LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. Company president Tony Gior-dano said: "In the last five years, Lawn Doctor has watched closely the success of the national real es-tate franchisor Century 21 in organizing under one banner and logo existing professionals in the real estate market. The reason for this interest was that the management of our company was convinced that if so many people who had no previous ex-perience could become suc-cessful under the Lawn Doctor system, people who were already professionals could be 
even more successful." Giordano said the biggest problem that had to be over-come with people who were already independent business-men was to be able to answer the question: "What can Lawn Doc-tor do for us that is worth the 10 percent franchise fee?" Lawn Doctor's answer to the question was to point to the fact that the resale value of a Lawn Doctor franchise far exceeds the resale value of most independent 
lawn businesses, Giordano said. "Secondly, the low cost both to get into the system and of the equipment that makes the ap-plication of granular materials accurate and easy," he said. "Thirdly, everyone we talked to was impressed with the Lawn Doctor marketing system." Since 1977, Lawn Doctor has put on nine dealers who were either already certified ap-plicators working for another company, or independent busi-nessmen who were already in the lawn care business. These Lawn Doctor dealers are: Al Spampinato, Lawn Doc-tor of Bay Shore-Brightwaters, New York; Chuck Krick, Lawn Doctor of Levittown-North Seaford-Wantagh, New York; Joe Broyles, Lawn Doctor of East Meadow, New York; and James 
McCann, Lawn Doctor of Roslyn-Albertson, New York. Also: Doug Petkos, Lawn Doc-tor of Wayne, New Jersey; Richard Moore, Lawn Doctor of Scottsbluff-Gering, Nebraska; Winston May, Lawn Doctor of Hurst, Texas; Joe Turchi, Lawn Doctor of Plymouth-Whitemarsh & East Norriton, Pennsylvania; 
and Bob Ferrell, Lawn Doctor of Pennsauken, New Jersey. MEMOS L4WN OIRE INDUSTRY Editor/Associate Publisher: ROBERT EARLEY Technical Editor: RON MORRIS Assistant Editor: DAN MORELAND Graphic Director: RAYMOND GIBSON Publishing Director: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER Research Services: CLARENCE ARNOLD Advertising Production: CHRIS SIMKO Editorial Secretary: JEANNIE SUTTON MARKETING/SALES Circulation & List Rental: SHARON JONES (216) 651-5500 Marketing & Merchandising Services: FRAN FRANZAK (216) 651-5500 New York Office: BRIAN HARRIS (212) 421-1350 757 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Midwest Office: JOE GUARISE, JEFF DREAZEN (312) 236-9425 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601 Southern Office: DICK GORE (404) 233-1817 3091 Maple Dr., Atlanta, Ga. 30305 Northwest Office: BOB MIEROW (206) 363-2864 1333 N.W. Norcross, Seattle, WA 98177 Classified: DOROTHY LOWE (216) 651-5500 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 CORPORATE OFFICERS Chairman: JAMES MILHOLLAND JR. President: HUGH CHRONISTER Senior Vice President: BERNARD P. KRZYS Senior Vice President: DAYTON MATLICK Vice President: CHARLES QUINDLEN LAWN CARE INDUSTRY is published every month by The Har-vest Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. at 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 (2161 651-5500. Copyright « 1980 by The Harvest Publishing Company. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not oe repro-duced either in whole or in part without consent of copyright owner. Controlled circulation postage paid at Cleveland, Ohio. HARVEST SUBSCRIPTIONS: to Lawn Care Industry are solicited only from owners, managers, operators, buyers, merchandisers, agronomists, technicians, dealers, distributors and manufacturers of products associated with the lawn care and maintenance business. Position ana company connection must be indicated on subscription orders. Publisher reserves the right to approve all subscription re-quests. Single copy cost $1.00 for current issue. All back issues $1.25 each. Foreign $1.25. Subscription rates: $10.00 one year, $18.00 two years, $23.00 three years. Group and foreign air mail rates available on request. SUBSCRIBERS: Send change-of-address notices, correspondence regarding subscription service to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care Industry, 9800 Detroit 
Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Change of Address notices should be sent promptly, provide old as well as new address, attach address label from recent issue. Pfease allow one month for change of address to become effective. POSTMASTER: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care In-dustry. 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. The Harvest Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.. publishers of WEEDS TREES & TURF, PEST CONTROL, NPCA Extra, GOLF BUSINESS. Golf superintendents, watch out: The Ohio Turfgrass Foun-dation recently released attendance figures for its recent record-breaking Ohio Turfgrass Conference held in Decem-ber in Cincinnati. The results are of interest to both lawn care businessmen and manufacturers trying to reach them. The total attendance was 1,635. Almost 31 percent of the attendees (502) were from lawn care companies. This is three percent higher than the 464 golf course superintendents who 
attended the conference. Other categories included sup-pliers, educators, landscapers, nurserymen, parks and recreation persons, sod producers and others. Registrants were from 28 states and Canada. The next Ohio Turfgrass Conference is set for December 9-11 in Dayton. This is a week later than it was originally set for. It also was originally set for Columbus, but conflicts with American Society of Agronomy meetings and some question 
as to whether the new Columbus convention facility would be ready in time forced the change. One problem with this is that another of the successful regional turf conferences Š New Jersey's Turfgrass Expo '80 Š is set for the same dates. Keep posted with LAWN CARE INDUSTRY to find out if any of these dates change. How much do you pay? The average weekly pay of factory workers in November rose to $275.37 from a revised $274.85 the preceding month, the Labor Department reported re-cently. This totals more than $14,300 a year in wages. A little more zip: Your five-digit zip code that is part of all lawn care direct mailings is about to get zapped by the U.S. Postal Service. The Service will replace it with a new code that includes nine numbers Š the present five-digit code, a dash and then four new numbers. The last four digits may 
designate one side of the block, a building, a floor in a building, a lock box or somebody who gets more than 10 pieces of mail a day. The Postal Service expects the new system to be in operation in the spring of 1981 Š right in time for next year's spring lawn care mailings. In good company: The International Franchise Associa-tion's year-end report recently listed LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY as one of more than 60 publications which featured stories about franchising in 1979. Other publications included the Washingt on Post, Inc., Barron's, Money, International Business, and the Wall Street Journal. "Lawn Care Franchis-ing: A Sometimes Stormy Past; The McDonald's of the Future?" appeared in the August issue of LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY. It was written by assistant editor Dan Moreland. The value of lawns: Dr. John W. King, associate professor in the agronomy department at the University of Arkansas, passes along this essay written by one of his turf students on the value of lawns to Americans. He assigned the topic to his 
turfgrass culture class last fall. Mike Milligan turned in the following essay: "On the beneficence of grass, John James Ingalls writes, 'Grass softens the rude outline of the world. Its tenacious 
fibers hold the earth in its place. It invades the solitude of deserts, climbs the inaccessible slopes and forbidding pin-nacles of mountains, modifies climates, and determines the history, character, and destiny of nations.' "On the beneficence of lawns, Sunset Books reports, 'Nothing else feels so good on your bare feet.' "Well, they're both right. As grass is such a wonderful plant, you can't go too far wrong with thousands of them on either side of your house. The lawn is valuable to all people, it's just that Americans are among the few with money and space enough to install them. But that's no gripe, it's just 
something for the rest of the world to look forward to. "Why? Because a lawn is Mom and Pop's own little soil bank. It keeps the soil put, the mud off our shoes and the dust out of our noses. It is soft. It is hundreds of thousands of tiny green cooling towers that skim away the worst of the August sun and convert it to soil improvement. A lawn is one less 
spot off of which noise will bounce, a ready and resilient playground for the younger set and a nice thing for neighbors to live with. "And, who knows, if times got tougher, Mom and Pop may decide to plow up part of this home oxygenation station and put it to vegetables. If and when they did they would find 
improved soil texture and a dandy crop of beans and corn. "If, like Ingalls says, grass 'determines the history, charac-ter and destiny of nations,' surely lawns do the same for neighborhoods. And, besides, nothing else feels so good on your bare feet." Incidentally, Mike and his wife operate a small lawn care business in Fayetteville. BOOTS HERCULES Deltic from CSOCQÙ BOOTS ÍSFTK1CTE3 USfc PESTÌI New from Boots Hercules! DELTICŽ Residual Tick and Flea Killer provides both immediate and residual control of ticks, fleas and mites. It works longer and harder in holding back recurring infestations. New Business for you! Spraying for pests &6IT1C-«sik s Our <* REACH OP CHMJ30*»' warning Expand your customer list. DELTIC is ideal for professional treatment of lawns, yards, industrial sites, parks, playgrounds and other outdoor areas where ticks, fleas and mites are a problem. Kennels, dog houses and dog runs can also be treated. Easy to apply! DELTIC can provide a needed service for your lawn is a liquid that's easy to pour, mix and apply, care customers plus a new source of Use it in conventional power, hand or additional income for you! Homeowners cannot purchase this restricted-use pesticide on their own. To get its powerful effects, they must rely on a Licensed Certified Applicator. STOP! ALL PESTICIDES CAN BE HARMFUL TO HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT IF MISUSED READ THE LABEL CAREFULLY AND USE ONLY AS DIRECTED. BOOTS HERCULES BOOTS HERCULES AGROCHEMICALS CO. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 302/575-7850 compressed air sprayers. When it comes to controlling ticks, fleas and mites in lawns and other outdoor sites, DELTIC means business. Call or write for full details on this exclus-ively professional product. For the turf you care for: season-long protection against crabgrass, Poa annua and other annual grasses and weeds with America's leading preemergence turf herbicide. Dacthal is number one in its field. Not only because it is so effective, but because it con-trols more than 20 unwanted weeds and grasses. Applied properly, it laysdown a barrier that stops early and late germinating annual weeds without affecting healthy, growing turf grasses. Tough weeds like crabgrass and Poa annua can't stand up to Dacthal. The help you need for total turf care. Dacamine® provides postemergence control of over 70 broadleaf weeds including dandelion, annual chickweed, knotweed and Canada thistle. It works right down to the roots. So tough perennials don't return. Daconate® is the postemergence herbicide that knocks out nutsedge, chickweed, wood sorrel, sandbur and other grassy weeds. It's a ready-to-use liquid herbicide with a built-in surfactant for uniform wetting. Daconil 2787® is the broad-spectrum fungicide that stops nine fungus diseases on turf. Use it from spring to fall to prevent dollar spot, leaf spot, red thread, stem rust of blue grass, large brown patch. It's effective even in hot weather. Provides disease con-trol on a number of ornamentals. Count on the big four from Diamond Shamrock to make your job easier. V Ł . ^ Š V-¡¿I.V.'A -fis* ^ " . » 1 V 1 > . . » r ' . . \ tvJ y-v.-,. . tiSÊÊÈÊ„mï $ Ł; Ł V-i®ifflftw^'i"' -: -it w uA-r> 5 V^rv* » v v .< f \v 4 > ' ' V * * \ Ł .v * * Ł Ł ' f Ł , w $ ŁŁ 4 \ v x >Ł î V u% y .. . : K\ -V1 :v ft 1 Circle 145 on free information card Diamond Shamrock The resourceful company. See your turf chemicals supplier, or contact the Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals Division sales office nearest you: Three Commerce Park Square. 23200 Chagrin Blvd., Beachwood, OH 44112 Ł 1760 The Exchange. Suite 100, Atlanta. GA 30339 Ł 5333 Westheimer. Suite 850. Houston. TX 77002 Ł Commerce Plaza Bldg.. 2015 Spring Rd— 
Oakbrook. IL 60521 »617 Veterans Blvd., Redwood City. CA 94063. MEETING DATES Midwest Turf Conference, Stewart Cen-ter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., March 3-5. Contact: Dr. William Daniel, Department of Agronomy, Pur-due University, 2-443 Lilly Hall, West Lafayette, Ind. 47907, 317-749-2891. Northeastern Pennsylvania Turf School, Master Host Motel, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., March 4-5. Contact: Cy Chadwick, Court 
House Annex, 5 Water Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702. 12th Annual Professional Turf and Plant Conference, Salisbury Restaurant, Eisen-hower, Park, East Meadow, Long Island, N.Y., March 4. Contact: Waldemar Solo-vieff, 63 Central Avenue, Amityville, N.Y. 11701. National Lawn Care Business Conference and Trade Show Red Carpet Hotel, Milwaukee, Wis., March 16-19. Contact: Lawn Care Conference, Box 1936, Ap-
pleton, WI 54913,141-733-2301. Northcentral Pennsylvania Turfgrass School, Smethport Country Club, Smeth-ort. Pa., March 18. Contact: C. E. Craver, cKean County Extension Office, 814-887-5571. M California Landscape Contractors Associ-ation 1980 Landscape Industry Show, Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach, Calif., April 3-4. Contact: Michael E. Leeson, CLCA Landscape Industry Show, 3617 W. MaCarthur Blvd., Suite 
500, Santa Ana, Calif. 92704, 714-979-2522. Southern California Turf & Landscape In-situte, Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif., April 8-9. Contact: Ed McNeill, Southern California Turfgrass Council, 1000 Concha Street, Altaaena, Calif. 91001, 213-798-1715. International Franchise Association 13th Annual Legal Symposium, Capital Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C., May 6-7. Con-tact: IF A, 1025 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Suite 1005, Washington,D.C. 20036, 202659-0790. 6th Annual Garden Industry of America Conference & Trade Show, Convention Center, Baltimore, Md., Sept. 12-14, 1980. Contact: GIA Conference & Trade Show, Box 1092, Minneapolis, Minn. 55440, 612-374-5200. National Lawn & Garden Distributors Association Annual Convention, Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., Sept. 16-19. Contact: Nancy S. Irving, executive director NLGDA, 1900 Arch St., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 19103. International Franchise Association Tax Seminar, Hyatt Regency O'Hare, Chicago, 111., Sept. 22-24. Contact: IFA, 
1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 
1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. «P. Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills, CaliL, Oct. 8-9. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Symposium on Turfgrass Insects, Holiday Inn, Columbus, Ohio, October 14-15. Con-
tact: Dr. B.G. Joyner, Plant Diagnostic Labs, ChemLawn Corp., 6969 Worthington-Galena Road, Suite L, 
Worthington, Ohio 43085, 614-885-9588. Franchise Management Workshop. Con-tinental Plaza, Chicago, 111., Oct. 22-23. Contact: International Franchise Associa-tion, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Franchise Management Workshop, Old Town Holiday Inn, Alexandria, Va., Nov. 5-6. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. First Professional Lawn Care Association of America Convention, "Lawn Care Business Management in the 1980s," Nov. 12-14, Commonwealth Convention Center, Louisville, Ky. Contact: Glenn Bostrom, PLCAA, Suite 1717, 435 N. Mich-
igan Avenue, Chicago, 111. 60611, 312-644-0828. Ohio Turfgrass Conference, Dayton Con-vention & Exposition Center, Dayton, 
Ohio, Dec. 9-11. Contact: Dr. John Street, 1827 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, 614422-2592. 1981 Nebraska Turf Conference, Holiday Inn, Omaha, Jan. 12-14. Contact: Dr. Robert C. Shearman, 377 Plant Science Building, University of Nebraska, Lin-coln, Neb. 68503, 402-472-1145. 52nd International Turfgrass Conference & Show, sponsored by Golf Course Super-intendent Association of America, Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif., Jan. 25-30, 1981. Contact: GCSAA Headquarters, 1617 St. Andrews Drive, Lawrence, Kan. 66044, 913-841-2240. r-> ? Z o > to m Z a c C/3 H 70 >< £ > 70 HORTICULTURE Special trees adapted for use on wet sites Many lawn care professionals believe that trees grow well un-der wet conditions. However, this is very often not the case, ac-cording to Dr. T. Davis Sydnor, head of the Ohio Shade Tree Pro-ject for the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Cen-ter, Columbus, Ohio. The truth is that any site which has standing 
water on the soil surface for more than a few hours requires specially adapted trees. Reasons for planting trees in a wet sited area are as varied as the reasons for planting in any other site. Because of increased land costs, all available space must be utilized and many times these spaces are going to be poorly drained. Under these cir-cumstances, proper tree selection will go a long way towards reducing maintenance problems. Before tree planting, it would be a good idea to see if poor drainage conditions can be corrected. If drainage can be improved, a much larger variety 
of trees can be planted. In some situations, either ex-isting topsoil or additional top-soil can be regraded or shaped to eliminate poor drainage prob-lems. This can be a relatively in-expensive way to correct a drainage problem. However, 
Sydnor warns that anytime new topsoil is introduced you should have some idea of the natural material's history to avoid prob-
lems such as herbicide damage 
to the newly planted trees. If a poor drainage situation cannot be corrected, only trees 
which can tolerate the wet en-
vironment should be planted. The following trees under evaluation at the shade tree plots 
in Wooster, Ohio will grow relatively well under excessively 
moist conditions: Autumn Blaze Maple, Red Maple, Silver 
Maple, River Birch, American Sweetgum and its cultivars, Black Gum, and Pin Oak and its 
cultivars. DEALERS WANTED TO SELL THE NEW ... 260-C . This compact 24 PTO H.P., 2-cyl. diesel includes as standard equipment: Continuous PTO, 6-speed trans., 3-pt. hitch with draft and position control, and more. Hydrostatic steering optional. The perfect tractor for turf and horticultural work. Wt. 3,180 lbs. (approx.). Turf or general purpose farm tires Price w.?;i 5.00 x 15/12.4 x 24 GPF Tires. LIST PRICE**: 2-WD Š $5,525.00 360-C: A heavy-duty, compact 3-cyl., 35 PTO H.P. tractor engineered for outstanding performance and economy. Stand-ard equipment includes: 6-speed trans., hydrostatic steering*, 
continuous PTO, 3-pt. hitch with draft and position control, and more. The ideal tractor for heavier turf work or small farm chores. Turf or general purpose farm tires. Wt. 3,630 lbs. (approx.). Price 
with 5.00 x 15/12.4 x 24 GPF Tires. LIST PRICE**: 2-WD Š $7,204.00 COMPARE PRICE AND PERFORMANCE, AND YOU'LL BUY (BI 'Hydrostatic steering to be phased-in on the 360-C. "Prices based on Long Mfg. N.C. Inc. 's current suggested list price, tor standard equip-ped tractors with tires as specified, F O B. point of manufacture; and are subject to change without notice. 31 0-C: A 2-cyl. compact, 28 PTO H.P. tractor. Standard fea-tures include: Continuous PTO, 6-speed trans., 3-pt. hitch with draft and position control, and more. Hydrostatic steering op-tional. Excellent turf or small farm tractor. Turf or general pur-pose farm tires. Wt. 3,159 lbs. (approx.). Price with 5.00 x 15/12.4 x 24 GPF Tires. LIST PRICE**: 2-WD Š $5,930.00 Good Reasons to 3 Sell LONG Compacts: Ł Small in size Š BIG in power. B Quality built tractors, priced up to 25% below competition. B Fuel efficient Š High performance diesel engines. Ł Precision engineered to give outstanding performance and more horsepower per dollar. Ł Dealer floor planning program. 
Ł Dealer parts financing program. Ł Regular dealer discounts, plus special incentive discounts. Ł 7 convenient sales and distribution offices to serve you. LONG LONG MFG.N.C. INC. HOME OFFICE: TARBORO. N.C. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Box 1139 (1907 N. Main St.). Tarboro. NC 27886 Tel. (919) 823-4151 Box 918 (2610 Hwy. 77 North). Carrollton, TX 75006 Tel. (214) 242-5102 
Box 3928 (3863 W. River Dr.), Davenport. IA 52808 Tel. (319) 324-0451 
Box 167 (Hwy. U.S. 41 South). Tifton, GA 31794 Tel (912) 382-3600 
Box 13263 (1920 Channel Ave ). Memphis. TN 38113 Tel. (901) 774-6523 
Box 259 (#8 Long Lane). Mechanicsburg. PA 17055 Tel. (717) 697-8277 906 Harney St.. Vancouver. WA 98660 Tel. (206) 695-1259 Compact Itactors from LONG: ^v Compact, Fuel efficient 24 Ł 28 Ł 35 PTO ) Horsepower Diesels. Priced up to 25% below competitive models. -: Ł NEWSMAKERS OC < 2 >-oc p C/3 D D 
Z w a: < u z è < J Les Guedel is a new salesman for Lakeshore Equipment & Sup-ply Co., Elyria, Ohio, for the northern Ohio area. Also, Nick Costello has rejoined the com-pany to supervise costing and submission of bids and to over-see chemical formulation. Robert L. Hergert has been named vice president of marketing for Teledyne Wiscon-sin Motor, Milwaukee, Wis. In his new position, he will be responsible for all of the com-pany's domestic and. interna-tional sales and marketing ac-tivities. J.J. O'Donnell is turf specialist for Struyk Turf Maintenance, Omaha, Neb. The company of-fers chemical application, mowing/maintenance, aeration and drill seeding. J.F. (Red) Skelding is manager of Black Diamond Lawn Service, Toledo, Ohio. The company of-fers chemical lawn care, and is Caudle Malizia also a nursery and garden center. Jimmy D. Caudle has been named president of McDonough Power Equipment, Inc., McDonough, Ga. A.A. "Tony" Malizia becomes chairman and chief executive officer. John C. Prusa is area manager for Lawnmark Associates, Rochester, N.Y. The parent com-pany is based in Peninsula, Ohio. Edgar J. Boudreau is owner of Lawn-a-Mat of Melrose, Saugus, Mass. The company is a 
franchise for the home office, 
based in Westbury, N.Y. Jerry Bright is owner of Nationwide Lawn Care, Louisville, Ky. The company of-fers chemical application. Steven T. Kavanagh is Philad-elphia district manager for Davey Lawnscape, Kent, Ohio. His office is in Conshohocken, Pa. Charles Stephenson is owner of Emerald Lawn Care & Pest Control, Bloomington, Ind. The company offers chemical lawn 
care, mowing/maintenance and pest control. Scott R. Allen is turf specialist for Easy Lawn Corp., North Royalton, Ohio. The home office of this chemical lawn care com-
pany is in Piqua, Ohio. John L. Kolb is president of Turf Supply Co., St. Paul, Minn. The company is a supplier of seed, fertilizer and chemicals to the lawn care industry. Timothy A. Ehinger is branch manager for Tru-Green Corp., Golden Valley, Minn. The home 
office of this chemical lawn care company is in East Lansing, 
Mich. Stephan Watkins is manager for ChemLawn Corp., New Albany, Ind. The home office of this chemical lawn care company is in Columbus, Ohio. Brian O'Neill is vice president of operations for Weeds, Inc., Yeadon, Pa. The company is in-volved in both chemical lawn 
care and chemical sales. Lindy Pearson is owner of Can-Do Enterprises, Oklahoma City, Okla. The company offers 
mowing/maintenance. Lloyd R. Kuhn is general manager of Blakley Fertilizer Co., Springfield, 111. The com-pany offers chemical lawn care 
and is also a manufacturer of spray equipment for the lawn care industry. Speedex Tractor Co.'s general manager, Bill Becktell, has an-nounced the recent appointment 
of Power-Edge Corp., as dis-Loft's Pedigreed Seed has chosen golf pro Arnold Palmer (center) to promote their line of seed and turf care products in 1980. (Above) Company Chairman Peter Loft and Research Director Rich Hurley (right) share a relaxed moment with Palmer between TV shootings at his La Trobe, Pennsylvania golf course. Palmer is considered by many be the best known pro golfer in the world. tributor of tractors in Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and 
Arkansas. Power-Edge has warehouse and office facilities in Malvern, Ark. and Dallas. Speedex is based in Pittsford, 
N.Y. Bill Japp is owner of Big Bear Equipment, Inc., Omaha, Neb. The company is a supplier to the lawn care industry. Vincent Cirasole is owner of All Seasons Groundskeeping, Glenwood Landing, N.Y. The company offers chemical lawn 
care and mowing/maintenance. Mark Sligar is a sales repre-sentative for Seaboard Seed Co., Bristol, 111., a seed supplier to the lawn care industry. B.D. Pugh is owner of Custom Service Co., Fairfax, Va. The company offers landscaping, 
lawn maintenance, chemical spraying and mulch hauling. Allan J. Cumps is regional manager for the ProTurf Divi-sion, O.M. Scott & Sons, based in 
Amherst, Mass. The parent com-pany is based in Marysville, Ohio. William M. Adams is president of Lawn-a-Mat of Metropolitan "Our TORCO sprayers outlasted and outperformed any other spray units we have tried!" Š Tim Shallcross, Jr. Greenlawn, Inc. Durability and dependability are the two main reasons that TORCO lawn sprayers have become the industry leader. If your business is suffering from "down time" and high maintenance costs, find out what our customers like Tim Shallcross already know... TORCO means tough! TORCO Equipment Company Ł 207 Eiler Ave. Ł Louisville, Kentucky Ł 40214 (800) 626-1818 or (502) 366-1415 (collect in Ky.) Hartford, Manchester, Conn. The home office of this lawn care 
franchise is in Westbury, N.Y. Charles Hopkins is president of Apex Lawn & Garden, Wilm ington, Del. The company 
offers mowing/maintenance. Terry Hughes is president of The Whole Bloomin' Yard, Inc., Birmingham, Ala. Russ Roero is owner of A-l Pride Exterminating, Inc., Pembroke Pines, Fla. Chemical lawn care franchisor Spring-Green Lawn Care Corp., has moved into new corporate facilities in Plainfield, 111., presi-
dent Bill Fischer announced. The new shipping address is: 11927 Spaulding School Dr., Plainfield, 60544. Dave Hofacre has been pro-moted from manager to field supervisor for Spray-A-Lawn Co. 
of Pittsburgh. Dale E. Miller has been promoted to manager. Sylvan Addink is owner of ASC Spraying and Consulting, Iowa City Iowa. Porter Brothers, Inc., Shelby' N.C.-based distributor of turf care equipment and supplies, has been named 1979 "Dis-tributor of the Year" by Weed Eater, Inc., Houston, Texas. K.E. Edwards is owner of Plant-It-Earth Lawn Specialists, Sacramento, Calif, H.H. Jack is general manager of Emerald Landscape Co., Atlanta, Ga. Dane Vick is owner of Action Lawn Service, Pasadena, Texas. Paul Bahmiller is manager of Perf-A-Lawn Corp., Treasure Island, Fla. The parent company offices of this lawn care chain are located in New Carlisle, 
Ohio. R.A. Gensheimer is manager of Green-Lawn, Inc., Tulsa, Okla. Gerard Bourgeois is president of Estate Landscaping, Ocean City, N.J. J.R. Zack is owner of Professional Maintenance 
Systems, Geneseo, 111. In a reorganization of marketing responsibilities, C. James Brown, vice president of marketing for Homelite Div. of Textron, Inc., Charlotte, N.C., 
has announced appointments of James P. Dunne, marketing manager, gasoline chain saws Technical & Instructional Books Tree Farm Business Management by James Vardaman Discusses all major problems confronting for large and small farms and how to meet them. $16.00 DISEASES Of SHADE TREES Diseases of Shade Trees by Terry Tattar An in-depth look at infectious and non-
infectious diseases of trees. 
Plant pathology not necessary. $22.00 Turf Irrigation Manual by James Watkins Guidebook for designers, architects, and contractors. Text for turf and landscape irrigation. $19.50 Guide to Trees Simon & Schuster Beginner and experts reference to 300 trees, covering 350 color illustrations. $18.00 Hardback $8.00 Paperback Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants by Pascal Pirone The standard in reference for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of 
ornamental plants. $20.00 diseases ef turfgrasses Jijé $.. iV j i Diseases of Turfgrasses by Houston Couch Reference for identification and control of fungus and nematode-incited diseases. 
$27.00 MAINTENANCE I'I'IWAI !,«/,—/—.— Please send the following books. I have enclosed a check for the total amount or authorized a charge for the total amount. Title Unit Price Quantity Total Price (Allow 6-8 Weeks Delivery. Prices Subject to Change) Name Add $1.25 per book for shipping and handling Total enclosed Address City, State, Zip Code Master Charge or Visa (Circle one) Acct. No. Expiration Date-Signature Mail to: Book Department Harvest Business Publications 9800 Detroit Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44102 Manual of Woody Landscape Plants by Michael Dirr A teaching text and reference on ornamental deciduous trees, shrubs, ground covers and vines. $19.00 Tree Maintenance by Pascal Pirone The fourth edition of this guide for anyone involved in the care and treatment of trees. $25.00 \ WYMAN'S i GARDENING ENCYCLOPEDIA û tory VV D Sif mends Srrjlun V <7iWfWtn»Ai Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia by Donald Wyman A classic reference on 
all aspects of gardening. More than 9,500 
different plants covered. $25.00 Tree Identification by George Symonds Pictorial key to identifying trees by checking leaves, buds, branches, fruit and bark. $8.00 Paperback I Shrub Identification by George Symonds Pictorial key to identify ~ shrubs. Contains more than ; - 3,500 illustrations to rr-""^ /f check specimens. $18.00 Hardback 
$8.00 Paperback Tree Surgery by P.H. Bridgeman Aimed at those practicing 
and supervising tree surgery operations. Good practical reference. $17.00 The oldest useable Jacobsen walk-behind mower in Southern California? According to Californialand-facobsen, it's a 1947 "Estate" model owned by Lynn Frazier, of Downey Mower & Saw, a Jacobsen dealer located in Downey, California. Frazier was one of nearly 50 individuals who responded to Califor-nialand's promotion and received a new Jacobsen mower as first prize. Shown during presentation ceremonies at the dealer's shop are, left to right, Califor-nialand sales representative, Jim Mitsuoka, Frazier, manager of the Textron 
Division's distributorship, Fran Sanders, and Bill Edwards, also of Downey Mower & Saw. and products; Philip C. Blount III, marketing manager, ac-cessories and professional prod-ucts; Rick W. Osborn, marketing manager, string trimmers, elec-tric chain saws, with emphasis on the consumer market, and Stephen D. Doolittle, marketing manager, construction equip-ment. David R. Pinkus, vice presi-dent of North Gardens, Inc., Dallas, Texas, was one of 1,500 delegates to the White House Conference on Small Business held earlier this year. The com-pany runs four retail garden cen-ters and a landscape division. Rod Mills recently moved his Kelly Green Professional Lawn Care, Inc. to 3333 N. El Paso St., Colorado Springs, Colo. 80907. ICI Americas has named G.C. Bryars national sales manager of its Agricultural Chemicals Divi-sion. Steven Weed is owner of Lawn Master, St. Joseph. Mo. Anthony Giordano, Jr., presi-dent of Lawn Doctor, Inc., Matawan, N.J. has been appointed to the ethics commit-Giordano tee of the International Franchise Association. Lawn. Doctor has been an active mem-ber of the IFA since 1968. David D. Eckert has been named director of marketing for 
the Outdoor Power Equipment 
Div. of FMC Corp. Port Washing-
ton, Wis. Bay Irrigation and Turf Sup-ply, Inc., Concord, Calif., has been named distributor of the 
year by Weather-matic Div. of Telsco Industries, Dallas, Texas. At the company's annual sales conference held recently, Golden Circle distributor awards were given to: Advance Irriga-tion Supply, Robbinsdale, Minn; Barenbrug Beregening B.V., 
Arnhem, Holland; The Clapper Co., West Newton, Mass.; Cogefrance, Paris, France; Cross B Co., San Antonio, Texas; Denver Brass & Copper Co., 
Denver, Colo.; Irrigation Engi-neering Co., Brookfield, 111.; Neumark Co., Inc., Albuquer-que, N.M.; Shemin Nurseries, Inc., Greenwich, Conn.; Turf Irrigation & Supply Ltd., Leth-
bridge, Alberta, Canada; United Pipe & Supply Co., Portland, Ore.; and Watermation, Ltd., Surrey England. Ric Moore is operations manager for Hydro Lawn Spray, Salem, Va. Barefoot Grass Lawn Service, Inc., Worthington, Ohio, a sub-sidiary of The Toro Co., has an-nounced the following pro-motions: Wally Himelstein has been named general manager of the company's Columbus branch; Rick Schwartz has been named assistant manager of the 
Columbus branch; and Steve Hushower has been named general manager of the com-pany's Chicago branch. Gene Carioti has been named regional sales manager for Weather-matic Div. of Telsco In-dustries, Inc., Dallas. Kenneth Vandagriff has been named assistant national customer ser-vices manager. John E. Fischbach is owner of Fischbach Tree-lawn Service, Lincoln, Neb. Paul A. Kocher is owner of Outdoor Service Co., West Jef-ferson, Ohio. Gary R. Holland is owner of Lawn Doctor of Port Washington, Coram, N.Y. The home office of the lawn care franchise is in Matawan, N.J. Earl L. Stripling, Jr. has been named vice president of Chevron Chemical Co., a subsidiary of 
Standard Oil Co., and general manager of its Ortho Agricul-
tural Chemicals Div. David V. Walker is president of Four Seasons Landscaping & Maintenance, Inc., Las Vegas, Nev. The company offers both granular chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance. James R. Sackett is president of Ever-Green Lawn Care, Inc., Troy, Ohio. The company offers both liquid and granular 
chemical lawn care. Pete Wytish is general manager of The Svengers Co. Lawn Care, Philadelphia. Vincent Cirrito is president of Lawn-A-Mat of Bohemia, N.Y. The home office ofthis lawn care franchise is in Westbury N.Y. Golden Circle dealer awards went to: Bath Landscape & Sprin-kler Co., Fort Collins, Colo.; 
Gorbet Lawn Sprinkler Service, Austin, Texas; Irri-Tech Corp., Dallas, Texas; Houston Weather-matic, Houston, Texas; King Lawn Sprinkler Co., Dallas, Texas; Lifetime Lawn Sprinkler Co., Midland, Texas; Muellermist Irrigation Co., Broadview, 111.; Pretty's Lawn Sprinkler, Inc., Tyler, Texas; Robertson Lawn Sprinkler Co., Colorado Springs, Colo.; and Wingfield Sprinkler, Dallas, Texas. International Harvester's Agricultural Equipment Group has announced three major 
appointments in its newly struc-tured outdoor power organiza-tion. Thomas H. Solomon has been appointed manager, out-door power manufacturing oper-
ations; Thomas P. Jaros was named manager, product and financial planning; and Ronald F. Zitko was appointed manager, 
engineering. All three positions 
reflect IH's increased commit-
ment to the outdoor power prod-ucts market. IH's lawn and gar-den tractor line consists of five Cub Cadet models ranging from 11 to 19.9 horsepower and three Cadet models from eight to 11 horsepower. S.V. Moffett Co., Inc., with head offices in West Henrietta, N.Y., has been named a Gravely commercial dealer servicing the turf maintenance business in up-state New York. Gravely is based in Clemmons, N.C. Willard D. Boettcher is owner of Mow-Em-Down Lawn Service, 
Maple Grove, Minn. Rollin Hicks is owner of Green Thumb Lawn & Garden, Cedarville, Mich. The company to page 10 these used units available for immediate delivery! 300 gallon fiberglass tank jet spray agitation 950 gallon fiberglass tank jet spray agitation the lawn sprayer you can count on 1.300 gallons all fiberglass tank and bed construction, (no rust or corrosion) Mid South lawn sprayers are specifically designed for the lawn care industry. All feature fiberglass For more tanks with jet spray agitation. Free of rust and corrosion, our spray units feature simple, reliable information call construction. We offer custom lease programs on new and used units, and can solve many of your Dan Conway or other equipment leasing problems. 845 Cotton P.O. Box 134 Shreveport, LA 71161 ÜFLEET LEASING Rob Franks (318) 221-4289 Eckert ^rŠGrubs are of increasing concern. Many entomologists agree infes-^B Ł tations are on the rise. Grubs can and will attack customer turf and Rfl proxol 80 SP Ł reduce the benefits of your lawn care program. Your profits and I »nsect'od^ Ł reputation are on the line. I rS^""""" Ł Protect your reputation, and customer turf, with a grub control pro-gram using Proxol 80 SP insecticide. Long used by golf course super-____ H intendents, whose requirements are often very demanding, Proxol Šhas recently become available to the lawn care industry. Proxol has a proven performance record for controlling grubs...and other common lawn pests: sod webworm, cutworm, and armyworm. Fast acting Proxol stops pests before damage starts. It controls grubs on contact. Unlike other insecticides that have been shown to tie-up in thatch, Proxol penetrates thatch readily and works effectively at the site of larval activity. You'll like the way Proxol fits into your lawn care program. It's highly soluble in water, easily applied with conventional ground equipment, and can be tank mixed with other non-alkaline pesticides. Low effective rates offer economy. And Proxol won't persist in the environment. Proxol helps you protect your customer's investment in your quality lawn care program. And protects your reputation, too. Acti-dione": Programed turf disease care is prevention of damage...not a cure. Acti-dione is a proven broad spectrum fungicide to help you stop turf disease problems before they start. We'll be glad to send more information. CALL THIS NUMBER TOLL-FREE FOR PRODUCT AVAILABILITY AND INFORMATION: OUTSIDE MICHIGAN 1-800-253-8600 INSIDE MICHIGAN (COLLECT) 0-616-323-4000 "TUCO Division of Thfl^Jpjohn Company TUCO products readily available. Over 150 U.S. distributors and 8 TUCO distribution centers assure you of convenient product availability. 'Sod Webworm KjL Army1 - A White Grub Ł o Ł I V-Y O Ł ">x« -ŁŁ i o o O 0 .Ł o ¡ i V^ offers mowing/maintenance ser-0 vices. Leon N. Miller is regional sales manager for Excel Industries, Inc., based in Hesston, Kans. Thomas Metcalf is superinten-dent for Ross Trucking, Inc., a mowing/maintenance operation in Clay, N.Y. James Z. Gnitecki has been named plant manager of the new assembly plant being con-structed by The Toro Co. in Mason City, Iowa. The plant will produce lawn mowers and two-stage snowthrowers. Also, the company has named Dennis Kegler its energy coordinator; Robert Pierce has been named director of quality assurance for the company's Irrigation Group; Ron Maw has been named 
manager of distributor services for the Irrigation Group; Joseph 
Lyons has been named director of human resources for the Irrigation Group. Boots Hercules Agrochemicals Co., Wilmington, Del., has pro-moted C. Robert Staib to product oc < 2 > oc H C/3 D Q Z W OC < u Z Staib Gnitecki manager for turf and horticul-ture. He joined the company at Riverside, Calif, in 1959 as a ni-
trogen products technical sales 
representative. He later became a turf sp-cialist for the company and most recently served as ac-
count supervisor for agricultural chemicals in Des Moines, Iowa. Staib is a graduate of Washington State University where he ma-jored in agronomy and holds a masters degree in soil chemistry from the University of Idaho. He has served as president of the Northern California Turfgrass Council and as board member of the Midwest Agricultural Chemicals Association. Ralph E. Buhrmester, Jr. is manager of Chem-Trol Lawn Care, Jonesboro, Ark. The com-pany offers both liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Richard A. Rogers is division manager of Clark & Morrell Landscaping, Inc., Lithonia, Ga. George Morrell is vice president and Terry Walton is operations manager. Daniel C. Oefinger is president of Texas Green Turf, Inc., San Antonio, Texas. Duane Samsel is owner of Samsel Landscape Spray Ser-vice, Peoria, 111. William K. Moore is president of Green-Lawn of Georgia, Inc., Doraville, Ga. The company of-fers both liquid and granular 
chemical lawn care. Jim FitzGibbon, president of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co., Elyria, Ohio, has announced the appointments of Gene Pro-basco as vice president of LESCO Products Div. and Ron Giffen as vice president of national sales. Chris Welsh has joined the communications department at 
The Toro Co., Minneapolis. Charles D. McKee has been named assistant manager of warehouses for Porter Brothers, Inc., Shelby, N.C.-based dis-tributor of turf care equipment and Supplies. Bill J. Maxwell, a sales repre-sentative for TUCO Div. of Up-john Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., has moved offices from Boca Raton, Fla. to Greensboro, N.C. his new address is: 303 Willoughby Blvd., Greensboro, NC 27408. Bob Schartz and Tom Yuell are owners of Tom's Lawn Service, Chicago, 111. Gary Mitchell was recently named turf manager. Jerome A. Glorino is owner of Turf Tenders Landscape, Lima, Ohio. The company offers mowing/maintenance services. Randy L. Byrd is president of Byrd Industries Corp., Longview, Wash. Lewis Barre is president of Meadowbrook Plantation & Gilson announces construction plans Gilson Brothers Company has announced plans for the construction of a new manufacturing plant in Lexington, Tennessee. Gilson officials were warmly welcomed to Lexington with more than 100 people representing the local community in attendance for the ground breaking ceremonies. Pictured from left to right standing are: R.E. Blohm, president, Paragon Industries, Gilson personnel, Jerry Stumras, vice-president of marketing, John Stiefel, plant engineer, Jud Brown, vice-president of manufacturing, and Ed Fleming, vice-president. Seated on the tractor is Mayor Ea Bailey of Lexington, Tennessee. The first stage in the construction plans call for a 183,000 square foot facility with future additions to bring the total plant size to more than 400,-000 square feet. Initially, the plant will specialize in lawn and garden trac-tor production. According to company officials, the new facilities were required because of a significant growth in sales and national distribution. Gilson reported a 
40 percent sales increase in 1978-79. Landscaping, Inc., Middlebury, Conn. Roger Albrecht is owner of Nitro-Green Professional Lawn & Tree Care, Bismarck, N.D., with several offices in Colorado and Montana. Dick Schaeffer has been named a district manager for the eastern turf sales division of the Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg. Corp., 
Glendora, Calif. He will handle the area comprised of Michigan, Ohio' Indiana, northern Illinois and Kentucky. Karl F. Amalia is president of Amalia Tree Surgeons, Inc., Manchester, Mass. The company offers chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance services. Ralph S. Hull is vice president of Turf & Landscape Care, Inc., Scottsdale, Ariz. The company offers mowing/maintenance ser-vices. LIQUID or GRANULAR? Finn LawnFeeder® Handles Both. Ł Centrifugal Pump Mechanical Agitation Ł Variable Speed Hydraulic Drive Ł All Steel Construction Ł 800 and 1200 Gallon Models Ł Vee, Flood and Hollow Cone Nozzle Patterns 
Ł Liquid and Granular Products Applied in Slurry Form EQUIPMENT COMPANY 2525 DUCK CREEK RD. Ł CINCINNATI, OHIO 45208 TOLL FREE 800-543-7166 Ł OHIO COLLECT 513-871-2529 David J. Samuelson is owner of Town &Country Tree & Landscape, Webster, N.Y. The company offers landscape con-tracting and mowing/mainte-nance services. Reed Clifton is president of Landscape Enterprises, Inc., Oklahoma City Okla. The com-pany offers mowing/mainte-nance services. Steven L. Fielder is owner of Condor Maintenance, Littleton, 
Colo. The company offers chemical lawn care and 
mowing/maintenance services. Dick Kneip has been named a district manager for the eastern turf sales division of the Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg. Corp., Glendora, Calif. He will be han-
dling an area covering Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, 
Missouri and southern Illinois. Charles Harter is owner of C & H Spraying Co., Drayton Plains, Mich. W.E. "Doc" Foster is owner of Chem-Grow, Inc., Montgomery 
City, Mo. Bill Harrigan is president of Green Life, Inc., Myersville, Md. The company offers both chemical lawn care and tree care. Richard Sniderman is treasurer of Lawn-A-Mat of Canada, Hamilton, Ontario. William Zaduk is president, and Joe Contini is manager. Patrick St. Germain is owner of Liqui-Lizer Lawn Spray Special-ists, Southgate, Mich. Bruce Leidholdt is manager. Allen J. Foster is regional manager, lawn and garden, for USS Agri-Chemicals, based in Memphis, Tenn. A. Martin Petrovic is assistant professor of extension turfgrass management at Cornell Univer-sity, Ithaca, N.Y. P.J. Lenihan is area manager for Lawn Medic, Inc., Winston-Salem, N.C. The lawn care franchise is based in Bergen, N.Y. Beard addresses 450 at Virginia turf show The lawn care industry and the turfgrass industry as a whole will face many problems and challenges during the 1980's, but they will be no more serious than those being faced by society as a whole, according to James B. Beard, professor of turfgrass 
physiology at Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas. Beard told nearly 450 persons attending the 20th annual 
Virginia Turfgrass Conference that they will have six areas of concern during the decade: energy, water, pesticides, nutrients, equipment, and man-
power. In speaking of energy, Beard noted that the problem is not unsolvable although it will be greatly modified by politics. He predicted the country will have 
to go with various energy sources. Despite the shortage of oil, the United States will remain an oil-based society during the 
coming decade. However, Beard added that research and science will con-tinue to find ways to get pre-viously untapped oil supplies out 
of the ground as well as develop new sources of energy. Those in the turf industry will be affected, he said. They will have to do more selective mowing and let grass grow to higher levels. Greater selectivity will be used 
with nitrogen and fertilizers and methods will have to be developed to make irrigation more efficient. Water will be the biggest prob-lem for the turf industry, he said, 
particular for those in business 
in the Southwest and Far West. Too many people in the turf in-dustry use too much water 
which, in turn, leads to a host of 
other disease and weed prob-lems, he said. More selective irrigation and the use of affluent water are musts for the coming decade. Regarding pesticides, Beard predicted there would be no new turf pesticides developed in the 1980's. High costs and govern-ment regualtions will prohibit them. Further, the costs of pesti-cides have risen more rapidly than inflation. The rising costs will lead to more selective use of pesticides and a greater 
awareness among employes as to the use of them. The picture will be about the same for nutrients as for pesti-cides during the coming decade, Beard said.There will be less ni-
trogen used and more controlled short growth. There will also be a trend toward developing grasses 
that do not grow as high or at a slower rate then current grasses on the market. Regarding equipment, the Texas A&M professor predicted 
greater use of mulching mowers, a trend towards the use of diesel machinery, longer-lasting equip-ment, and continued increases in 
equipment prices. Thus, these 
five factors will contribute sig-nificantly to the need for better trained manpower and more ef-ficient management practices. In other conference news, Archie Godde, the pro-
superintendent at Brookside Golf Course, Roanoke, Va., was elected president of the Virginia Turfgrass Council, succeeding Gus C. Constantino of Rich-mond, Va., president of Wilson Feed and Seed Company. O. Jack Henry of the Country Club of Virginia in Richmond was elect-ed vice-president. Earl H. Odell of Turf and Gar-den in Chesapeake, Va., and Rex H. Harris of the Eagle Haven Golf Course at the naval air base at Little Creek, Va., were also re-
elected secretary-treasurer and assistant secretary-treasurer, respectively. New directors include Henry, Gil W. Barber of Richmond, manager for seed procurement at 
Southern States Cooperative, 
and Robert P. Ruff, Jr. of the Wintergreen Golf Club in Wintergreen, Va. Further, Goode received the council's R.D. Cake Memorial 
Award for outstanding service to the Virginia turf industry for 20 years. He also received a silver tray from Constantino in appre-ciation for his involvement in the association. Kyle J. Miller, a junior major-ing in agronomy at Virginia Tech, 
received the $500 Upjohn Schol-
arship Award from Stanley W. Glover, area sales representative for Tuco Agricultural Chemicals 
in Roanoke Rapids, N.C. David R. Conover of Blacksburg, a Virginia Tech senior majoring in agronomy, received the $500 Golf Course Superintendents' Associ-ation of America scholarship from David C. Harmon of the Golden Horseshoe Golf Club in Williamsburg, Va. Also at the proceedings, John F. Shoulders, Virginia Tech Ex-tension turf specialist, and Roy E. Blaser, Virginia Tech Univer-sity distinguished professor in agronomy, were presented with plaques and gifts from the associ-
ation in recognition of their con-tributions to the Virginia turf in-dustry. The two men will retire this year from the university. The conference is sponsored an-nually by the Virginia Cooper-
ative Extension Service and the 
Virginia Turfgrass Council. In all, about a dozen speakers presented speeches at the Virginia Turfgrass Conference. Topics included chinchbug con-trol, pesticide safety, lawn care economics, and basic industry 
advertising principles. Speakers included Jerry Faul-ring, president of the Profes-sional Lawn Care Association of America and Virginia Tech ex-tension specialists Dr. Jack Hall and Dr. James Bell. Look for coverage of these and other con-ference sessions in future issues 
of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. Archie Goode (left), newly elected president of the Virginia Turfgrass Coun-cil from Roanoke, and O. Jack Henry, of the Country Club of Virginia in Rich-mond, vice-president, chat shortly after their election to office at the 20th an-nual Virginia Turfgrass Conference in Williamsburg. Dr. fames Beard, of Texas A&M University, College Station, was the keynote speaker at the conference. He discussed the "Challenges of the 80's." Dr. Jack Hall, extension specialist at Virginia Tech, helped coordinate the annual show. He also spoke on the topic, "Integrating Agronomic Principles with Economic Reality."-y Gus C. Constantino, (center), outgoing president of the Virginia Turfgrass ~ ' " i Te .,fo years of assistance to the Virginia turf industry. The council gave Shoulders and Blaser, who will retire later this year, plaques and other gifts in appre-ciation of their efforts, which included starting the council 20 years ago. — _ pn Council, expresses thanks to John F. Shoulders (left), Virginia Tech extension specialist, and Roy E. Blaser, Virginia Tech professor of agronomy, for their > £ Z n > PC m Z a c CD H 
PC 2 > PC Dr. Roger H. Ratcliffe, research entomologist at the USDA/SEA/AR Turfgrass Laboratory, Beltsville, Md., discussed, "Selecting for Chinchbug Resistance in Cool Season Grasses." Dr. Chuck Darrah III, of Chemlawn, Columbus, Ohio, spoke about, "Separating Facts from Fic-tion with Regard to Pesticide Safety." The T-ll is the first snap-action magnetic circuit protector that combines overcurrent protection and on/off power switching in a single unit. The paten-ted device was developed by Airpax, Cambridge, Maryland. oc -CO D Q z w oc < u Z < New York company into irrigation market with computerized system and thus require more water. Overall, the system is capable of watering up to 12 individual zones, either all at once or separately." If, as many experts in the lawn care industry predict, sprinkler systems will become more widely used in other parts of the 
country besides the West and Southwest in the 1980 s, lawn 
care businessmen involved in in-stallation and maintenance of residential and commercial/in-dustrial irrigation systems have 
another unit to choose from. The system consists of four ma-jor elements: a manifold that is connected to a master water sup-ply valve; a series of solenoids designed to open and close selected ports in the manifold; plastic hose lengths with sprin-kler heads attached to the ends; and the control unit Š which houses the electronic circuitry and microprocessor. The control unit contains more than 10,000 transistors which pro-vide the ciruitry for the F-8 Fair-child microprocessor. The micro-processor is a single-chip, eight-byte micro-computer that has a 
one-kilo byte programmable memory. The chip also has a 64-byte random access memory and four-eight bit input/output ports. All circuitry is housed in a plastic molded cabinet that has a display panel and a 15-unit keyboard. Circuitry protection is 
provided by an Airpax T-ll cir-cuit breaker, which also doubles 
as an on/off power switch. The entire Turf Sprinkler Corp. system sells for less than $200. The T-ll is the first snap-action magnetic circuit protector that combines overcurrent pro-
tection and off/on power switching into a single unit, the company said. The patented 
device, developed by Airpax, 
Cambridge Div., Cambridge, Using microprocessor technology and electro-magnetic circuit pro-tection, a Long Island-based firm has designed and is marketing a 
computerized turf sprinkler. "Our turf sprinkler," says George Klein, chief design engi-neer for Turf Sprinkler Corp., 
Hauppage, N.Y. "is really a com-
puterized servant. It can be pro-grammed to water up to 50 acres of lawn at any time of day or night. It can also be programmed to function only on given days. "For instance, if rain is pre-dicted for, let's say, a three-day period, the sprinkler can be pro-grammed to water only on the fourth day. Or, if rain is expected the first and third days of the week, the sprinkler can be pro-Aaua-puter controls up to 12 in-dividual valves for sectioned lawn sprinkling. All circuitry is housed in a plastic molded cabinet that has a display panel and a 15-unit keyboard. grammed to water on the second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh days only. "If drainage in one area is less effective than in another, the zone sprinkling feature can be programmed to water more fre-quently only those zones that have more effective drainage, "The dual function of the T-11," says Klein, "has helped us trim manufacturing costs of the control unit by 15 percent com-pared with single function units. But most importantly, it affords us high reliability in designing circuit protection for the micro-processor." Lawn care busi-nessmen interested in the Turf Sprinkler Corp, unit may contact the company at: 1324 Motor Parkway, Hauppage, NY 11787, 516-582-9400. Other sprinkler system compo-nent manufacturers include: Champion Brass Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Calif.; Greenlawn 
Sprinkler Co., Denver, Colo.; Johns-Manville, Fresno, Calif.; Lumenite Electronic Co., 
Frankl in Park, 111.; Rain Jet Corp., Burbank, Calif.; Rainbird Sprinkler Mfg. Corp., Glendora, Calif.; Weather-matic Div., Telsco Industries, Inc., Dallas, 
Texas; Toro Co., Irrigation Divi-
sion, Riverside, Calif.; Safe-T-Lawn, Inc., Miami, Fla.; Royal Coach Sprinklers, Inc., Fresno, 
Calif.; Richdel, Inc., Arleta, Calif.; Rain-O-Mat Sprinklers, Inc., Whittier, Calif.; L.R. Nelson Corp., Peoria, 111.; and Microdot Products, Broadview, 111. COMPANIES Contact/systemic fungicide introduced Duosan, a broad-spectrum turf fungicide which combines both systemic and contact control, is being introduced by the Specialty Agricultural Products Division of Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. The scientifically formulated combination results in a syn-
ergistic effect with the two ingre-dients complementing and magnifying each other, according 
to the manufacturer. The contact provides immediate action, while the systemic ingredient of-
fers long lasting control. Duosan controls most major spring and summer diseases ex-cept Pythium. Major fungi controlled by Duosan are Dollar Spot, Brown Patch, Copper Spot, Red Thread, Leaf Spots, Fusarium Patch, and Rust. Md., actually eliminates three 
conventional components. It also 
contains the necessary wiring to complete the circuit. When the T-ll is operated as a switch, an over-center spring arrangement snaps power con-tacts open and closed in response to paddle handle manipulation. 
In the event of overcurrent in the circuit, a built-in magnetic cir-
cuit protector takes over to open the same contacts. To function as both a fast-make, fast-break power switch and overcurrent circuit pro-tector, the paddle handle posi-
tions a carrier to initiate both the opening and closing of the switch 
contacts through linkage. In either case, carrier position 
causes an over-center spring to control a movable contact blade. To open the contacts manually, the paddle handle position causes rotation of the carrier un-til the over-center spring passes 
through the horizontal line of the contact blade. Instantaneously, the spring opens the contacts with a snapping action. Posi-tioning the paddle handle in the "on" position reverses the con-
tact snap action. How can you cut more grass per gallon? Get yourself JUL a Brouwer. The Turf Equipment People Run a 7 gang unit, cut up to 7 acres per hour with a 30 HP tractor. Brouwer's unique Positive P.T.O. Drive requires less horsepower than conventional wheel drives, increases fuel economy, and successfully operates in varying grass conditions. The lightweight, high-stress steel frame combined with the simple, "no-wheel and gear" mowers minimize flattening and avoid wheel tracks. Brouwer 3, 5, and 7 gang mowers are simple, easily transportable, re-markably maneuverable and excep-tionally economical and versatile. BROUWER THE NEW BROUWER HYDRAULIC LIFT MOWERS ADD ANOTHER TIME SAVING INNOVATION AT A VERY LOW COST. For complete details on the Brouwer line of mowers, write for our free brochure. Brouwer Turf Equipment Limited, Woodbine Ave., Keswick, Ontario, Canada L4P 3E9 Tel: (416) 476-4311 Circle 103 on free information card If you use Chipco Ronstar G in Aprils this won't happen in August* Crabgrass. It can come back to haunt you! A number of golf courses found out during an unusually wet summer last year. After 60 to 90 days, smack in the middle of the golfing season, they found themselves with a horrendous crabgrass problem all over again. Even though they were using a leading herbicide. It wouldn't have happened with preemergent Chipco Ronstar G herbicide. It's that simple. One application of Chipco Ronstar G in early spring controls crabgrass in perennial bluegrass, bermuda-grass, perennial ryegrass and St. Augustine grass turf for up to 120 days. And it controls goosegrass, annual bluegrass and five other nuisance weeds at the same time. So, while Chipco Ronstar G may cost a little more, the 120 day control is worth every penny, and more. For more information, see your Chipco distributor or Rhône-Poulenc representative. Rhône-Poulenc Chemical Co. Agrochemical Division, Monmouth /Gg 
Junction, New Jersey 08852. ^SSrCOMPANy Please read label carefully, and use only as directed. Circle 131 on free information card 14 PESTICIDES Montana town blames § 2,4-D for miscarriages DC < 2 >< DC H C/3 D Q Z w DC < u z £ < In a recent move to discredit the widely used herbicide 2,4-D, residents in a small Montana town are claiming the reason nine of 10 pregnant women suf-fered miscarriages was because of annual spraying of the herbi-cide. In a recent Associated Press news story, Lake County health officer Dr. Ralph Campbell said that Condon, Montana's only suc-cessful birth during the 12-month 
period ending last fall was by a woman who had been attending 
school out-of-state and returned to Condon to have her baby. Residents of the 10-mile stretch along Montana state route 83 just north of Missoula County say they are increasingly frustrated by the "ho-hum attitude 
of the bureaucracy" toward the situation. "They just don't seem con-cerned, and they don't like the 
questions that are being asked," said Virginia Polsen; whose mis-carriage in the fall of 1978 was the first. Lake County Commissioner Bill Burley said the Swan Valley 
residents had not contacted the 
commission directly, but that 
Campbell had reported their 
concerns. Campbell said that it had been almost impossible to find out who has been spraying in the area, and with what chemicals. The state Highway Depart-ment contracts with counties to spray noxious weeds along road-
sides, and the department 
specifies 2,4-D, said Bill Hebert, field maintenance chief in the Kalispell, Mont, office. The her-bicide is not restricted. Campbell said he is convinced 2,4-D is the culprit, "but it's like all these cumulative poisons Š how do you prove it?" Campbell used questionnaires to interview the families after he 
and Virginia Reber, county health nurse, met with them last spring. Also, Farm Chemicals magazine reported in its January 
issue that another effort to dis-
credit pesticides Š 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T specifically Š has come in the form of a "Toxics Primer," 
a joint effort by the League of Women Voters and the federal Environmental Protection Agency. The lead statement suggested that the spraying of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T resulted in a baby's birth defect. The magazine said that 
EPA said the document was reviewed by the agency and 
mailed out at taxpayer's expense to editors of publications in many fields, public agencies and 
other influential people. The 
mailing totaled 30,000. COMPANIES Toro reports record first quarter sales The Toro Company recently reported record first quarter sales of $101,596,000 for the period ending October 31, an increase of 52.8 percent over the same quarter last year. Net earnings rose 34.8 percent to $5,606,000 and earnings per share from continuing operations were up 29 percent from 77 cents to 99 cents. Toro Chairman David T. McLaughlin said a 59.6 percent 
increase in sales of snow removal equipment was a major 
factor in the record first quarter performance. Sales of snow removal equipment in the first quarter accounted for 64 percent of total sales; consumer lawn equipment accounted for 18 per-cent of the total; professional turf equipment for nine percent; 
and irrigation equipment for 
eight percent. McLaughlin noted that profit margins, while down from the 
first quarter of last year, showed improvement over the final quarter of fiscal 1979. Further, he said he expects sales for the year to exceed $400 million, up from last year's record of $358 million. NOW... in Cleveland*..homeowners can enjoy "barefoot grass." We build thick "barefoot grass" lawns, using only dry, granular materials. - The same materials used on championship golf courses. Our specialists who treat your lawn are thoroughly versed in identifying and treating all manner of lawn problems. The best materialsŠthe best people. It's an unbeatable combination. And it can give your family a lawn of "barefoot grass" this year. Call us now for a FREE lawn inspection and price quote. Our number is 464-6950 ..growincj with °Barefoot Grass Of LAWN 24000 Mercantile Road. Beachwood, Ohio 44122 Barefoot Grass advertises regionally Barefoot Grass Lawn Service, Worthington, Ohio, recently ran this regional advertisement in editions of Time and Business Week magazines. The full-page, four-color ad featured a small child relax-ing on a lush green lawn. The ad stated, "We build thick 'barefoot grass' lawns, using only dry, granular materials. The same materials used on championship golf courses. Our specialists who treat your 
lawn are thoroughly versed in identifying and treating all manner of lawn problems. The best materials/the best people. It's an un-beatable combination." Regional ads in national publications are attractive to lawn care businessmen because the ads cover a large market area, promote a professional image, and are less expensive than ads that appear 
nationally. Further, lawn care companies benefit from the pre-stigious image which often accompanies national publications. Self-propelled Turf Sprayer 4 Wheels Smoother ride. More stability. a A f n j » High Flotation Twice as much as a utility truck and sprayer. Wide Coverage 16 ft. folding spray boom. Use 3 sections or individually. Hannspray-pro Precision application. Fast efficient spraying. Centrifical pump. 100 p.s.i. max. 55 g.p.m. High pressure piston pump and hand gun optional. 16 h.p. cast iron engine. 3-speed transmission 160 gal. polytank with agitator. 33 years experience building self-propelled sprayers. DEALERS WANTED (812) 428-2025 DIVISION 1625 N. Garvin St. Evansville, IN 47711 The taller the grass ...the higher we pop! From residential to light commercial turf installations, Champion has a pop-up to do the job! When you compare the cost, precision construc-tion and performance, you'll buy Champion. The 18HP (2" pop-up), the P180 (21/2m pop-up) and the 6178 Impulse pop-up ore just three of over one-hundred fifty sprinklers, volves, controllers ond accessories featured in the new Champion, full-color catalog. Ask for your free copy. & CHAMPION SPRINKLER EQUIPMENT 1460 N. Noud St. Los Angeles, CA 90012 (213) 221-2108/(213) 223-1545 v. ,;! FERTILIZED 37-0-0 Lescosan, the name you remember for crabgrass control. LESCO Sulfur-Coated Fertilizer, the name to remember for greener turf Ron Giffen, Vice President of Notional Soles I've told you about our Lescosan (Betasan*), the best selling pre-emergence crabgrass control on the market. You've proven its effec-tiveness. I'm here to tell you now that Lakeshore Equipment & Supply produces an equally effective line of sulfur-coated fertilizers. LESCO Sulfur-Coated Urea and 100% Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers provide the perfect ingredients for denser, greener turf. The sulfur coating, applied to the fertilizer components, provides controlled release of nutrients for prompt and sustained feeding for safe, ef-ficient and economical fertilization of turf in all areas of the country. As supplier of the most effective full-season crabgrass control on the market Š Lescosan (Betasan*) Š and of the latest in controlled-release (sulfur-coated) fertilizers, manufactured by our subsidiary, Ag Industries Manufacturing, we have a special interest in the turf care market. Lakeshore carries a complete line of turfgrass supplies made and distributed with you in mind. The full family of fine LESCO 
Products mean quality at affordable prices. Call Lakeshore today and ask about Lescosan, Sulfur-Coated Fer-tilizers and our other turfgrass supplies. Ask for Barb Š she'll have one of our turf specialists give you the full story and work out a com-plete program tailored to meet your specific needs. Ask about our Lescopex (MCPP) and LESCO 2,4-D. * (BetasanŠregistered TM of the Stauffer Chemical Company.) LESC® PRODUCTS Division of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co. 300 South Abbe Road, Elyria, Ohio 44035 (216) 323-7544 1-800-321-5325-Nationwide 1-800-362-7413ŠIn Ohio 1 -216-323-7544ŠCall Collect A Family off Fine Products: Lescosan 12.5GŠLescoreneŠLeseo 4ŠLescoborŠLescoparŠLescopexŠLeseo Non-Selective Herbi-cideŠ Leseo MSMAŠLeseo Thiram 75WŠLescozymeŠLakeshore Chinch Bug & Sod Webworm Control. Diazinon is labeled for How many will you Diazinon" not only controls, label in the business, but is labeled for more turf insects You'll count 24 turf insects in than any other turf insecticide. all. Including white grubs, sod Just take a look, it's the biggest webworms, cutworms, chinch bugs, every insect on this page face this season? army worms and ants. This season, be sure to ask your local supplier for Diazinon. And put the biggest label in the business to work for you. Ciba-Geigy, Ag. Div., Box 11422, Greensboro, NC 27409 Diazinon by CIBA-GEIGY The biggest label in the business. M V \ M im 5 CIBA-GEIGY 18 NORTHWEST oc < 2 oc p CD D D Z U OC < u Z < Solid ad, promo campaign opens up Oregon chemical lawn care market When Prograss Liquidcare Lawn Service started its lawn service operation in Hubbard, Ore. Š a relatively virgin territory for the chemical lawn care market Š owner Tom DeArmond called in an established midwestern lawn 
care businessman to look over the company's direct mail and other literature. They were look-ing for some pointers. What they got from the es-tablished lawn care businessman was a whole lot of "oohs" and "ahsV and a pronouncement that 
"you guys don't need me, you've 
already got some of the best chemical lawn care advertising in the country." LAWN CARE INDUSTRY went to Prograss manager Paul Bizon, asked him for some sam-
ples of his company's work, and for some of his comments on how the company went about putting its ad program together. He said: Ł Even though the chemical lawn care business was a natural extension of the company's sod Prograss has developed some of the most sophisticated lawn care ads in the Northwest. This is just one ex-ample of Prograss' fine four-color, direct mail aas. business, they decided to keep the two distinctly separate. Ł Even before they picked out a company name, they called in a graphic artist and photographer to aid them right from the start. Ł A sound advertising cam-paign can give your company a professional image Š even 
before you handle your first 
lawn. Ł You are competing with junk mail and slick promotional 
mailings, thus you have to shout your message loud and clear on the outside Š you can get into 
the details inside. Ł A systematic door hanging campaign in neighborhoods where you already have 
customers answers the questions neighbors might have about "what that truck is doing in the neighborhood." Let Bizon talk: "Oregon Turf Farms es-tablished itself as a quality sod producer in Oregon's fertile Willamette Valley by raising superior turf for home and in-dustrial use, and for its concern 
for the turf's healthy appearance after the sale. Even though a guide to preparation, care and feeding of one of our sod lawns 
was included with the delivery, numerous phone calls about fer-tilization and coping with dis-eases and broadleaf weeds prompted consideration of a fer-tilization and weed control pro-gram as a service to our turf customers. "We found this thinking sound, because many of our customers were active couples with families who bought sod for con-
venience, and felt they had more important things to do with their 
free time. By buying and deliver-ing fertilizer on a volume basis, we felt we could provide a ser-vice to our customers at a price comparable to doing it them-selves, without the bother of buy-ing fertilizer and rarely used 
equipment. "With all of the business details behind us, we began our 
promotional program. We 
decided to make it a distinctly separate business, with a new name and manager. A firm name had not been chosen at the time 
we approached a graphic artist and photographer who had worked on several previous pro-jects for us. "Promotional work had begun. In the early phases, all thoughts were laid on the counter; we found brainstorming was the most effective way of sorting out 
unusable information and ideas. 'Prograss' was chosen for a name because it has a positive profes-sional sound, while 'grass' tells what the business is about. Its resemblance to 'progress' is not 
accidental. Prograss is a progres-sive company. "Promotional material was next on the agenda. Announcing the new service to existing and potential customers was next. At this point, the trucks that would deliver our program were ordered, but not completed or 
painted. An interim brochure was used for mailing. It used con-ceptual drawings instead of pho-tographs. Printed in one color on green paper, it was an econ-omical solution to an expensive 
problem. "We picked one of our top Oregon Turf Farms lawns, and "A sound advertising campaign can give your company a professional image even before you handle your first customer," according to Prograss manager Paul Bizon. the photographer was on the spot at 9:30 in the morning to catGh the best of light, people and equip-ment. He then turned out a new promotional mailer with a return postcard and a large fold-out lawn care brochure for newly contracted customers. The first 
printing of 5,000 copies went fast. "Two years after our start, we now have 1,000 customers. In 
starting this type of business, several aspects are important. First, project a professional im-age. Every day, homeowners 
receive 'junk' mail. Although 
some of it is well-done, the chances of it reaching the person who contracts to do the job are often minimal. It must be at least 
competitive with the best, and at-tract the attention of someone who has buying power. That means a wife who will contract a job, or pass it along to her hus-band; or a secretary who will not 'can it.' "For promotional material, we have found that several rules ap-ply. First, promotion is costly, but 
important. Retain a reputable ar-tist or agency Š image is impor-
tant. A 'clean' image means well-designed printed material as well as freshly painted trucks, 
washed daily, consistent perfor-mance and uniformed ap-
plicators. "We recognized it was impor-tant for our mass-mailed pro-motional piece to shout our message loud-and-clear on the 
outside of the material. Many mail pieces make you look inside to find the surprise. We didn't design ours that way. Immaculate weed-free turf is the key to profit for the Lawn Care Operator Read how Trimec Turf Herbicide can help you improve the bottom line As a lawn care operator, you live in a glass house, and this has a direct bearing on your profits. Some busi-nesses can hide their mistakes, or shift the blame, or postpone the con-sequences, thus buying time to make corrections later when they're not so busy. But not you! If a few ugly weeds appear out of nowhere in one of your lawns, or if some trees and ornamentals show signs of damage, the finger points to 
you; you've got to do something right now or you may lose a customer as well as your chances for new custom-
ers in the block. Fortunately, there's another side to the coin. If one of your lawns is as immaculate as a country club fairway, everyone in the block sees it and be-comes a prospect for you. The point is, you've got to do the job right the first time. You absolutely can't tolerate the emergence of stray weeds or damaged ornamentals. STRAY WEEDS: The weeds that plague lawn care operators are not dandelions or chickweed or other common sensitive weeds. To the con-
trary, they invariably are a hard-to-kill 
variety usually thought to be rare Š until they showed up in your custom-er's lawn! Where did they come from? They're the natural consequence of using a narrow-spectrum herbicide in an area being fertilized and watered. The hardy weeds (those not con-trolled by the narrow-spectrum herbi-cide) are nourished by the fertilizer and water, and fight with the grass to fill the vacancy left by the demise of the sensitive weeds. Some of them win, and weeds that once were ob-scure become prominent. There's really only one efficient way to cope with the problem, and that is the Trimec way. Trimec is the one turf herbicide with a broad enough spectrum to get those hard-to-kill weeds along with Only Trimec gives ypu all these benefits Ł Controls the widest range of broadleaf weeds Ł Gets hard-to-kill species with one treat-ment. Ł Wide safety margin for lawn grasses Ł Minimum hazard from root absorption Ł No vapor action after application 
Ł Effective weed control In a wide temper-ature range Ł Unique formula overcomes water hard-ness problems Ł Treated areas may be reseeded within two weeks Ł Non-flammable and non-corrosive in use Ł Product stable several years above 32° F. Ł Biodegradeable; friendly to the environ-ment Ł Bentgrass formula is also available the common, sensitive ones. How many broadleaf weed species will Trimec control? We're still looking for the troublesome broadleaf weed that 
Trimec will not control when applied at the right times and rate. If we do find such a weed, we'll be very much surprised. Alo other selective herbi-cide matches the broad spectrum of Trimec. ORNAMENTAL DAMAGE: Any broadleaf herbicide can damage trees and ornamentals if used indiscrimi-nately. But, for Trimec to cause such damage as a result of translocation, it would have to be applied at more than ten times the label recommendation. We estimate that more than 2 million lawns were sprayed with Trimec in 1979; there is not a single report of damage to trees or ornamentals. The reason why Trimec is so friendly to the environment, yet so powerful, is because no ingredient in Trimec is at a phytotoxic level. CUSTOMER RELATIONS: Be-cause most customer complaints and resulting service call-
backs are caused by a genuine lack of informa-tion, we have designed an instructive Trimec door-hanger in response to the problem. It ex-plains Trimec's slow, thorough action and the 
time required to kill a weed, root and all, using the world's most efficient herbicide. Experience has shown this door-hanger to be highly effective in reduc-ing the number of complaints and call-backs because it tells customers what to expect Š in advance. A generous supply of Trimec door-hangers is available with your Trimec 
purchase. THE BOTTOM LINE: You can buy a narrow-spectrum herbicide that costs less per gallon than Trimec. But, on the bottom line, Trimec costs 
less than its less-effective contem-
poraries. That's because it requires less chemical per acre for maximum weed control; and because it saves la-bor by doing the job right the first time. No matter how large or small your business, your Trimec distributor wants to help you. See him, today. TRIMEC is a registered trademark of PBI/GORDON Corporation, U.S. patent No. 3,284,186. PROFESSIONAL TURF PRODUCTS pbl /GQRdon G copponation 300 SOUTH THIRD STREET P.O. BOX 2276 KANSAS CITY. KANSAS 661 1 Ł 913-342-87BO "Inside, we told our complete story. If the homeowner was in-terested, a tear-off post card was designed in on the third flat for return mail convenience. A 
seasoned professional graphic artist was helpful here, because he was able to keep current with postal regulations concerning size and paper weight of return replay cards. Because of new government automated mail-sorting equipment, the minimum thickness a card can be is .007 of an inch or 'seven point.' "When a new aspect of the fer-tilization business developed, a 5-V2 x 8-V2 full-color (one side) 
post card was sent to existing 
customers. It announced our Pro-grass Liquidcare Lawn and Tree Service. The slight name change 
required updating existing pro-motional materials, but careful planning of quantities of printed 
pieces minimized waste. Again, in the tree care photograph, 
careful attention was given to tell as much of a complete story as we could in one picture. "The truck was dominant in the picture. The Prograss em-ploye in the picture was 
demonstrating the fertilizer in-
jection system, and the back side of the card explained the 
specifics. We don't leave the pro-
spective customer guessing about anything. "Other promotional devices used by Prograss include door hangers, newsletters and state-ment inserts. Door hangers are 
used on doors of customer's neighbors. Word-of-mouth is our best advertising, but a hanger ex-plaining what our truck is doing in the neighborhood can't hurt." BOOKS Lawn care training manual available How to Have a Beautiful Lawn by Dr. James B. Beard of Texas A & M University, is being used by a number of major lawn care companies as a basic training manual, and is available to the lawn industry as a whole. The 114-page book with 12 pages of full color gives a sim-plified, yet complete coverage of turfgrass maintenance and estab-lishment practices. It is also being widely used in introductory college courses as well as in community colleges. Many companies are also recom-mending it to their field and sales personnel as both a training aid and reference guide, Dr. Beard told LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. The chapters in the book are: Know Your Turfgrasses, How to Establish a Lawn, Caring for the Lawn, Solving Lawn Disease and Pest Problems, Solving Soil Prob-lems, Solving Environmental Stress Problems, Solving Other Occasional Problems, Improving a Problem Lawn, and What to Ex-
pect from a Lawn Care Service. Inquiries concerning purchase of the book can be made to: H.J. Beard, Beard Books, 1812 Shad-owood Dr., College Station, TX 77840. Single-copy purchase price is $5.95 plus postage. A dis-
count is available with a pur-chase of five or more books. z n > 50 m Z a c CD H 50 2 > 50 BUSINESS PROFILE Lawn maintenance operator excels at turf renovation "Once someone agrees to go for com-plete maintenance, all maintenance decisions have to be left up to — ^ 9 9 me, Richard Conrad, Con-rad's Lawn Mainte-nance,, Bloomfield, N.J. leaving the desired stand of grass." Secondly, he determines an appropriate seed mixture. "We'll overseed a decent lawn with about two pounds of blue-grass per 1,000 square feet for this kind of renovation, adding another two pounds of a peren-
nial ryegrass for bald spots," he said. Conrad uses the rye for its fast growing quality. If there are a lot of bald spots, Conrad utilizes a power slicing machine to slice the lawn in two directions right after the raking, 
setting up cuts that are one-half-inch deep. At this point the seed is spread with much of it falling 
into the slots. His next step is to fertilize, usually with a formula similar to 10-20-10, with a slightly higher phosphorous content. "I go for more phosphorous because I am 
not as concerned about the ex-
isting grass as I am about the new grass we are seeding," Conrad said. At this point, a strict watering program is initiated. Conrad re-quires daily watering at a rate of 45 minutes per 1,000 square feet for the first seven to ten days. "It is important to keep moisture on those bare spots," he said. "It is You've heard of waiting in line to see Hollywood's latest release or biding your time before teeing 
off on the front nine, but waiting for a professional lawn mainte-nance service might seem a little 
out of the ordinary. That is, unless you live in Bloomfield, 
N.J. and want Richard Conrad to 
maintain your lawn. Conrad's Lawn Maintenance Service receives at least three 
calls each week from local resi-dents hoping to entrust their lawns to him. Most people would jump at a business opportunity of this nature, but Conrad turns 
them down. "I won't take a lawn on unless I feel that I can control it," he said. "You can overload yourself and cut continuously, until you have to cut 12 hours a day, six days a week. That leaves you no time for insect control, fungus control, equipment maintenance or per-sonnel training. And if you can't do those four things, you had bet-ter backtrack and cut your business back to a manageable level. Conrad charges a consulting fee to visit a lawn and give the owner an estimate on the needed maintenance. "First I will go to the property and talk to the owner," he said. "Then I will measure the property and do a visual check of the turf area. If a lawn is totally infested with weeds and undesirable grasses, I know it will have to be totally Bolens introduces the first mid-size diesel system where all the pieces fit. Conrad's shop contains a micro-fiche viewer which contains cards with catalogues and manuals for every piece of equipment he owns. renovated. The homeowner then has two options; he can choose seed or sod, the renovation is the 
same for either choice, price is the only criteria. "Once someone agrees to go for complete maintenance, all maintenance decisions have to be left up to me," he added. "I 
have to be at liberty to apply any needed chemical during the season. I can't wait to get appro-val for putting down an insecti-cide. I have to be able to apply it 
when the insects are active." In the case of a lawn with about 65 percent quality turf mixed with crabgrass and other 
undesirables, Conrad will wait 
until August and follow a care-
fully planned partial renovation 
program. "The first step is to 
power-rake the lawn," he said. "This step combs out the lawn, removing 90 percent of the crab-grass and broadleaf weeds and ŁFMC FMC Corporation 215 South Park Street Port Washington, Wisconsin 53074 To you, a mid-size diesel is a working tool that you depend on 7 days a week. Which is why Bolens created the mid-size system that works. It works because it's the first totally integrated diesel system. Only Bolens designs and manu-factures their own mower, front blade, snow thrower and tiller especially to fit their 15-25 hp diesel tractors. And Bolens offers a full line of other attachments, all double-checked i custom fit. Which means no wasted time waiting for a dealer to adapt attachments and less time lost when you need to change them on the job. Getting service isn't a hassle either. Factory-trained Bolens dealers are part of a single supply system that gets you attachments and parts when you need them from strategically located, regional distributors. So if you're a farmer, homeowner, contractor, landscaper, or anyone else who needs a tough, dependable, economical diesel to work with, get R^^IFMC MFCFI C with the Bolens system. DV^fcrfcl^J 1/lliJbLrJ It works because all the pieces fit. You Can't beat the SySteiTI. / tor a \ / Wl MARCH 1980 (Expires in 60 days) reader service card Use this card to obtain more information...fast. A i LU s oc i W 1 co s Ili co D m cu o ® o > o < E ä o cd Q "O c CD S > S ® 00 TT O) O B also a good idea to cover them with peat moss or clear poly-ethylene to create a green-house effect." After that initial 
ten day period, he recommends watering twice a week until tem-peratures drop into the 50's in the evening when a once a week schedule will suffice. Within 30 days of overseeding, Conrad utilizes one-half pound 
of a soluble nitrogen fertilizer in granular form, followed by two pounds of a mixed soluble and slow-release fertilizer on or about November 15. This treat-ment is designed to foster root growth prior to soil freeze-up, while also giving the grass a good head start in the spring. Regarding lawns requiring total renovation, the owners only option is to choose between sod 
or seed. The cost of a complete renovation and seeding is about $200 per 1,000 square feet, as op-posed to $750 for sod. Conrad said most people go for sod because they want an "instant lawn." The first step in Conrad's total renovation procedure it to spray the entire lawn with Roundup herbicide, a non-selective, "tran-
slocating" herbicide to kill vir-tually all above- and below-ground growth on the lawn. About ten days after the initial application, Conrad re-examines the lawn and re-sprays areas he inadvertantly skipped. His next step is to scrape away the remaining organic matter and go through the soil with a power rake in two directions. The rotary flails are set about l/16th of an inch below the sur-face of the soil to bring the dead, matted-down top growth to the surface. Then he goes over the lawn with a vacuum to lift all the remaining matter, particularly weed seeds. If the lawn has very little top soil or clay within the top two or three inches Conrad will put on soil amendments such as peat moss or gypsum, both of which can be applied with a rotary spreader. He applies peat moss at a rate of six cubic feet for every 200 square feet of lawn. Roto-tilling to blend every-thing together is the next step on the agenda. At this point, the 
lawn has a six-inch layer of 
homogeneous soil onto which the sod can be laid. In the case of a 
seeded lawn, grooves must now be cut into the surface one-quarter to three-eighths of an 
inch deep. Conrad then makes two passes with a cyclone spre-
ader, applying seed both times. Finally, the soil is rolled and 
covered with hay which the homeowner is instructed to keep 
from drying. One month after seeding or sodding, he will apply one-half pound of soluble nitro-gen to each 1,000 square feet and come back in the spring with a 50/50 soluble/non-soluble for-mulation at twice the rate. At this point, he will also apply a pre-emergent herbicide for crabgrass control, usually Betasan. "After that I just watch for competing weeds which I spot out with Trimec, which is ef-fective on broadleaf weeds such 
as dandelions or plantains," he said. BUSINESS Partnership, corporation or sole proprietorship? One of the classic concerns of the small businessman is the deci-sion he faces at one time or another in his business to incor-porate or not. Which option is more appro-priate? Which organization can 
best suit the needs of his 
business? The three major divisions Š sole proprietorship, partnership (company) and the corporation Š parallel the ratio of their respective gross incomes. Ob-viously, one company might find greater financial satisfaction remaining a company, for 
reasons of its profit margin. A 
fellow competitor might feel differently. In a recent survey conducted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, 47 
percent of the firms responding said their company was a sole proprietorship; 37 percent said their company was an indepen-dent corporation; and 11 percent said their company was a part-nership. In addition, four per-cent of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 
readers said they were a 
franchise, and one percent said they were company-owned chains. The company advantage. The advantages of a company rest in 
abilities for efficient organiza-tion. The personal interests of each partner combine for a join-
ing of managerial skills and judg-ment. The legal status of a com-pany is definitely unique in nature. Each person contributes 
property, labor and money. And of course they expect to share in the profits and losses. The partnership itself is not subject to income tax. Each part-ner reports his distributive 
share, instead of individual com-pany drawing, on the income tax return. All agreements must be thoroughly understood and approved of by both parties. This relationship can be touchy at times, so solutions must be objec-
tively resolved and methodically arrived at (as one lawn care busi-
nessman told this magazine re-
cently "partnerships just don't work unless you have the right partner, and that is a hard thing to do"). The company disadvantage. There exists an unlimited li-ability for the company. Exam-
ple: A laborer injures himself 
while on the job. It could be because of faulty machinery or to page 22 21 > ? z o > 50 CO Z a c cn H PO > pa IIIMHJII; Jl lll l lt "i m i hum JÍUII I I ] IM MI1IH tm I1LL1BF1PSE [¡cm pin ES How to unlock your growth potential Do you have at least 3,000 customers? Are you and your staff overwhelmed with paperwork? Wish you had time to manage and plan for growth Š instead of constantly "putting out fires"? Then it's time for you to think computer! Business growth is out there waiting Š but to unlock this potential, you need a computer and softwear developed especially for your needs. Or perhaps you're already computerized with a "canned" system but what your com-pany needs is "specialized" programs. Either way, based on our own experience, we at Mobile Automation can provide a customized total system for you. What Is Mobile Automation's Customized Total System? Accounting: Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Payroll, General Ledger Management Reports: Production, Cost and Revenue, Sales and Marketing, Com-missions, Special Customer Service Management Control Programs: Invoice Printing, Reminders and Overdue Notices, Customer Status Reports, Treatment Scheduling and Analysis, Selective Mailing Lists including Labels You don't need specialized knowledge. Your present personnel can use our softwear programs, which are compatible with most computers. (Sperry Univac BC7-700 and Sperry 
Univac BC7-800, IBM-32, and IBM-34) Mobile Automation's expertise comes from on-the-job development of a total system for Keystone Lawn Spray, Inc. that has enabled this Pennsylvania-based corporation to 
grow to the second largest chemical lawn care company in the tri-state area of Penn-sylvania, New Jersey and Delaware with unlimited future growth potential. Their growing pains were the same as yours. Mobile Automation's solutions to these problems will work for your business too. Please call or write Tony Ciarlone for more information: 1051 RADNOR ROAD, WAYNE, PENNSYLVANIA 19087 (215) 687-6007 íiieMIb automat ¡eíi oc < 2 oc p co D Q Z u a: < u z < the worker's own negligence Š it does not matter according to the law. The injured employe could sue the company for damages far exceeding any reasonable settle-
ment. This could mean more than a company loss. The rule also ap-
plies to any company debts in-curred. The partners are held responsible for their full pay-ment. Not only the loss of com-pany assets, it could be personal ones as well. A corporation involves itself with a different legal outlook altogether. A corporation is an association of persons viewed by law as a single unit, having rights, duties, and a separate life apart from the corporate identity. This iden-tity is basically unaffected by in-dividual changes in membership. Although a corporation may be dissolved or pass out of existence with the expiration of its charter, 
it is endowed by law with per-
petual life. For many reasons, this is an attractive prospect for the small lawn care busi-nessman. A limited liability is shared by stockholders. Any transfer of 
ownership is relatively easy to accomplish. So is the raising of capital. A Subchapter S corporation is a corporation electing not to be subject to income tax. Rather, the income would be taxed to the shareholders. Capital gains in excess of $45,000 are subject to a capital gains tax and the mini-mum tax. The corporate advantage. The advantages to a lawn care busi-
nessmen of incorporating are: (1) Greater amounts of capital can be gathered together. Both 
small and large investors find 
stock ownership a means of con-venient ownership participation. (2) Limited liability. Creditors of a corporation possess a claim 
against the corporate assets and not the personal property of owners. They can never lose more than the amounts of their investment. (3) Shares of stock are easily transferable. (4) Continuous existence. (5) Centralized authority. The president has the power to make all kinds of operating decisions, retaining the final authority. However, he often delegates limited authority to others for various phases of the operation. (6) Professional management. The corporate disadvantage. To a lawn care businessman thinking of incorporating, here are some disadvantages: (1) Heavy taxation. The corpo-ration must pay high rates of in-come tax. If part of the net in-come is distributed to owners as 
dividends, the dividends are con-sidered personal income to 
stockholders and subsequently 
subject to income tax. (2) Double taxation. The corpo-ration is taxed with corporate in-come as the stockholders are taxed for dividends. (3) Greater regulation. State laws regulate corporate activities 
more so than the other organiza-tions. (4) Separation of ownership and control. The functions of management as separate from ownership. A corporation is an association of persons viewed by law as a single unit, having rights, duties, and a separate life apart from the cor-porate identity. This identity is basically unaf-fected by individual changes in membership. (5) Organization cost. Costs in-clude attorney fees for doing charter (articles of incorpora-tion), state incorporation fee, and payment to promoters. These items can be charged to an asset account called organization costs. Small corporations can sell stock on a subscription plan. In-vestors agree to pay subscription price at a future date or in a series of installments. Common stock subscribed would then be debited and common stock would be cre-dited. Example: 10,000 shares of $10 par value stock subscribed at $15 subscribed for 6,000 shares are collected in full. Payment in part is received on remaining 4,000 shares. Subscription receiv-able is a current asset, that which can be collected in a short time. Current assets include securities, cash, marketable 
securities, inventories and pre-paid expenses. The only 
qualification is that an asset must 
be able to be converted back to cash within a short period of time. An operating cycle signifies the limits of asset classification. The average time period be-tween the purchase of merchan-dise and its conversion to money. For the lawn care businessman grossing, say, between $100,000 and $250,000 a year, the corpora-tion is an attractive alternative. Although the taxes are higher, one enjoys more legal advan-tages than most organizational structures. The first step would be arrang-ing a conference with an attor-ney. State your long-range objec-tives and already accomplished goals. Literature from the federal Internal Revenue Service can be helpful in this matter. The decision to incorporate should rest on the evaluation of your business. Ask yourself the 
question: Would the profits be greater or the same? Do I have a few uncoordinated workers who 
might plow through a customer's fence? If so, perhaps the legal advantages of limited liability outweigh other considerations. Š by Tim Perry * Ibro presents a complete built as if they \ COMMERCIAL 25-6 Our high capacity, 
6 hp. 4 cycle, self-Ł i- propelled mower. . Ł - V v " í>. -v 7 Ł : i > COMMERCIAL 21-4 Our new rear bagger, 
4 hp, 4 cyde, hand-propelled mower. . Had it with walk detail, we build them as if It's a lower cost working mowers that break down before they owe you a living. partner to our 5 hp Commercial they're broken-in? Because that's what a 21-5 self propelled and Com-You need a line commercial mower is all about. mercial 21-5 hand propelled specifically engineered to take And, with our two mowers. Both are ideal for trim-the everyday wear and tear newest models, the Toro line is ming and medium size mowing of commercial use. complete: applications. You need Toro Commer- For light to medium For jobs that require ci&l walk power mowers. size jobs, there's our new bagging or a fine groomed From rugged frames to Commercial 21-4 side discharge appearance, you'll want brawny engines to the tiniest mower. our new Commercial 21-4 rear Ł i 7 Ł 7 y,. : : ' Ł -. "A Ł . - ' " ' . Ł -MARKETING IDEA FILE Open a bank account, receive lawn care Dale Dunn, owner of Green Lawn, Memphis, Tenn. is work-ing with a local bank on a somewhat novel form of promotion for his chemical lawn care business. When customers at this particular Memphis savings and loan company open up an account for a certain amount of 
money, instead of receiving a toaster or a camera they will 
receive Š you guessed it Š a free chemical lawn care servic-
ing by Dunn's firm. Although all of the details have not yet been worked out, Dunn feels this will be a good way for him to get introduced to a whole lot of potential customers. Not to mention all of valuable promotion he will get with customers of the savings and loan who might not open an account, but will be made aware of Green Lawn. MOWING/MAINTENANCE How to select and develop new markets A complete study of an area's climactic conditions to see how they fit into your existing pro-gram is an important step in selecting a new market, accord-ing to T. Irvin Dickson, of ChemLawn Corp., Chicago, 111. Dickson, speaking at an ALCA Maintenance Symposium in Milwaukee, Wis., said a number of climactic conditions should be thoroughly studied including: Ł Rainfall, timing and amounts. Ł Temperatures, the highs and lows. Ł Frost date. Weed types, major pest prob-lems, and diseases in a particular area are also factors in the adapt-ability of your program to a new market. If your program does not readily adapt to these factors, Dickson said, you may have to start a research and develop-line of walk mowers owe you a living. i| \> i \ \ i W \ \ V ^ VI \ V ill ^ RH*' 'V/ A V i? m. A W ' 21" COMMERC -V "1 f., v, Our lightweight t A ; rugged, 2 cycle, h J^U Q COMMERCIAL 21-4 propelled mower. . » ~ Our new side discharge. * * I COMMERCIAL 21-5 i^JuT^JZf' Our intermediate, propelled mower. 5 hp, 4 cycle, self-COMMERCIAL 21.5 propelled mower. ) I, 21 COMMERCIAL Our lightweight but rugged, 2 cycle, hand--Äl^l , Ł Ł - ""^Jo -v v jj- Ł "" ' ' ' ' 'v v V bagger model. Want more information For really big jobs, on any or all of our Commercial our 6 hp Commercial 25 gives walk mowers? Call your Toro you smooth handling over distributor. Or, mail the coupon, rough terrain and reliable service day in, day out. And, for quick trims to FWVVO^k light mowing, our 21" Commer X Ulill cial 2-cycle mower is the light-weight with heavyweight features The Professionals Tell me more, Toro. I'm interested in Toro Commercial walk mowers. Please have my distributor call me. Company Telephone area code number Mail coupon to: The Toro Company Commercial Marketing Dept. LCI-030 8111 Lyndale Ave. S.. Minneapolis, MN 55420 * ..... -V . - . ... , . . y , . Ł -V V - V* ' " . * o ? O.- lvv.it .-\V-.r» , S; ¿V\ V 1 ment program to study the prob-lems. Dickson added that there are a number of sources for uncover-ing both climactic and market 
information including: Ł Chamber of Commerce: "The first thing we (ChemLawn) do is check with the Chamber of Com-merce. It's amazing what they can tell you. They will have an-nual rainfall, types of grasses, ornamentals, and frost date." Ł Extension specialists and turfgrass professors at state 
universities. Ł Local residents: "Stop by and talk to people on the streets. Get 
their opinions of how they main-
tain their lawns." Ł Representatives of chemical companies. Ł Local, state, and county agents. Dickson said the key to success in entering a new market is to select an area that has a particu-lar lawn care need to be filled. 
"Either it has a problem that you think you can solve and address your program to, or it's an area that spends a lot of money on the maintenance of its facilities," he said. After selecting a market, how can your company gain recogni-tion in that area? "In the com-
mercial division we go in and join the apartment association within a city," Dickson said. The association will provide you with a list of its members, along with their addresses, tele-phone numbers, and the resident 
manager's name. "We advertise in their association newsletter and we also do blanket mailings to the association members," he said. "And I haven't had a situa-tion yet that we didn't get at least some work out of a blanket mail-ing." Dickson also recommends attending apartment association meetings. "The greatest benefit I've found in going to the meetings is you see your customers and better yet, they see you. So when it comes time for them to select a contractor to bid on their work, your face and name pops into their mind." BUSINESS Shipments of lawn equipment increase Manufacturers' shipments of walk-behind power lawn-mowers, lawn tractors/riding mowers, garden tractors, and 
rotary tillers increased 9.3 per-cent in the model year ending August 31,1979, according to Out-
door Power Equipment Institute 
estimates. Riding garden tractors led the overall increase, surging 16 per-
cent, to an estimated 254,000 units. Estimated shipments of lawn tractors/riding mowers totalled 858,000 units in the 1979 
model year, a 14.4 percent incre-ase over 1978's 750,000 units. Further, walk-behind power mower shipments increased 9.3 percent, to an estimated 5.9 
million units. However, es-timated shipments of rotary 
tillers appear to have bottomed out after three years of decline. > 70 24 OC < S >« OC H c/3 D D Z w < u z < SPRAY Nozzles: Patterns, uses selection and maintenance The selection of the proper spray nozzle, and care of it, are two very important factors when a complete lawn care spray system is considered. After all, the nozzle itself is the metering device which emits the 
proper amount of liquid as a result of liquid pressure. Nozzles 
are commonly identified in 
categories according to the char-acteristic pattern or shape of the spray, says John A. Vrtiak of the sales engineering department for Spraying Systems Co., Wheaton, 111. The company is a major sup-plier of spray nozzles to the lawn care industry. The basic classifications, ac-cording to Vrtiak, include full 
cone, hollow cone, and flat spray. All cone nozzles spin the liquid to form the spray pattern. This is done either with in-ternal vanes or grooves, or by turning a right angle inside the nozzle. Because the liquid is spinning when it leaves the orifice, centrifugal force throws 
it outwards into a cone shape. Full cone patterns are used principally in industrial applica-tions; although a few lawn care businessmen have utilized them in place of hollow cones for in-secticide spraying. Hollow cone. Hollow cone noz-zles with internal grooves are traditionally used in lawn care insecticide applications. The hollow cone spray is specifically designed to handle wettable powders at high pressure with a 
minimum of wear and clogging. A flood iet spray nozzle has a very wide spray angle. It has a round orifice instead of an elliptical one like the teejet spray nozzle. Along with its strong points, the hollow cone nozzle does have spray weaknesses. This type of 
spray does not produce an even distribution when used on a boom. When two cone nozzles are put next to each other, they will * Introducing FOLIAN®.. the easy-to-use liquid fertilizer that's safe and effective on any kind of turf. FOLIAN is a complete fertilizer. Its special formulation of N-P-K, sulfur and iron gets nutrients directly into grass tissue. And FOLIAN will not cause tip 
burn when used as directed. Convenient to use FOLIAN is the only turf-builder you'll ever need. It saves you time because there's no mixing or agitation required before using FOLIAN. And FOLIAN can be applied in more concentrated form 
than most other liquids. As a result, you can service more lawns per truckload No mixing, no burning, no hassle. with fewer wasted man-hours. A clear solution of the highest quality, FOLIAN won't settle out in your tanks. It's compatible with most pesticides, too. Greens lawns fast Because of its patented formulation and foliar activity, FOLIAN greens up turf quicklyŠfaster than dry fertilizers or suspensions. And at the recommended rates, FOLIAN supplies enough residual fertilizer in the soil to keep grass green and healthy for many weeks. Good for your business Your customers will love the results FOLIAN gives. And you'll appreciate 
FOLIAN's convenience. Best of all, FOLIAN makes your lawn care service more valuable. It means repeat business from satisfied customers and greater confidence in you. Give FOLIAN a try and discover how it can mean more green for both of you. To find out more about how to get started using FOLIAN, call toll-free 800-228-2178 Omaha, Neb., 800-446-1841/800-446-1845 Hopewell, Va. or write Allied Chemical Corporation, Dept. AG, Box 2120, 
Houston, TX 77001. < Chemical ^f Plant Foods FOLIAN complete liquid fertilizer. spray into each other's pattern. Where the spray hits, a heavy li-quid distribution will be created which results in a strip of over-application. The cone type spray 
is usually recommended for most insecticide and fungicide ap-plications to foliates. This leads us to the third type of pattern Š the flat spray. It is selected as the norm for field 
sprayers because when this type of spray is used in a series along 
a boom, it can achieve a good, 
even distribution of liquid with the use of proper overlapping 
techniques. This type of spray distributes the liquid in a flat 
form or sheet. The straight through elliptical orifice nozzle produces a flat, atomized spray 
pattern with tapered edges. The flat spray is good for pre-emergence weed control and soil 
insect control, Vrtiak says. In a Hollow cone nozzles with internal grooves are traditionally used in lawn care insecticide applications. The hol-low cone spray is specificaly designed to handle we ttabl e powders. commercial or industrial situa-tion where boom spraying is 
used, a proper overlap can be achieved which will make for even distribution of liquid with the nozzles slightly canted so that one nozzle sprays behind the 
other. The flat spray nozzle has three other distinctive types: even spray, floodjet and off-center tip. 
With the even spray teejet tip, the distribution of the spray 
remains uniform across the spray width. Not generally used in lawn care applications, the off-center type is used in its smaller sizes as a boom end nozzle. It can extend the width of a boom another four 
to five feet in both directions, if 
there is not too much wind. The larger sizes are used for so-called boomless spraying and roadside spraying. A single, large off-center nozzle could cover in excess of 30 feet. The last type is the floodjet tip. This pattern is formed when the liquid travels out of the orifice 
and across a ramp or slide area. A floodjet has a very wide spray angle. We could also place this type of nozzle lower to the ground, which allows for larger orifices which reduce plugging. Also, a floodjet has a j round orifice instead of an ellip-tical one like the teejet. A round orifice will usually have a slower I rate of wear than an equivalent type of elliptical orifice. Pattern distortion. While flood-jets are accurately made, the manner in which the spray is formed makes them vulnerable. A slight nick in the slide can dis-tort the pattern. The thickness of 
the liquid, or the pressure used, can also change the direction of the chemical flow across the slide which will change the dis-tribution. Floodjet type nozzles are widely used in the applica-tion of fertilizer. Once a particular type of noz-zle is determined, the material of construction should then be con-sidered. Some common materials from which nozzles are manufac-tured include brass, aluminum and stainless steel. Briefly, brass should not be used for corrosive type liquids such as liquid emulsifiable her-bicides and insecticides. Alumi-num nozzles may be used with 
nitrogen, although this material 
is relatively soft and can be A Teejet spray nozzle from Spray-ing Systems Company, Wheaton, Il-linois. The nozzle serves as a meter-ing device which emits the proper amount of liquid. easily damaged. Stainless steel is by far the most useful material 
with excellent resistance to chemicals and corrosion. Unfor-tunately, it costs more than other materials. According to Vrtiak, Spraying Systems Co. manufactures many 
different types of nozzles. He stresses that the point to under-
stand is that there are many ex-perts to help you select nozzles. Chemical companies are one source of information. Some chemical labels will specify a 
certain tip size to be used with a 
particular material. In any event, a chemical company often knows what application equipment has successfully applied its product in the past. A manufacturer of spraying equipment, his distributors and M^^^M^ÊÊMMÊÊÊÊMÊÊÊÊÊ^^MM Some common materials from which nozzles are I' 01 manufactured include brass, aluminum, and stainless steel. Brass should not be used for corrosive type liquids and aluminum can also be easily damaged. Stainless steel is by far the most useful material with excellent resistance to chemicals and corrosion. Unfortunately, it costs more than other materials. m dealers usually make an effort to determine how their equipment can best be used with different chemicals. Once a specific nozzle is selected, it should obviously be maintained, he says. The number one rule is to not clean a brass tip 
with a metal object. A toothpick or a splinter of wood is pre-
ferred. Next, the proper size strainer for each tip should be used to prevent clogging. Using the proper strainer will save you 
downtime. The strainer should be sized along with the nozzle so as to minimize the build-up of 
foreign substances within the spray nozzle. Strainers are of-fered in many materials as well as connections to more easily match piping systems. Nozzle wear. Even more im-portant is nozzle wear. The sim-
ple fact is that nozzle tips do not last the life of the sprayer. Pres-
sure affects wear life as do clean-up techniques. Again, the point is that tips will wear out, 
and that you must recalibrate or 
replace them at times. Vrtiak pointed out the wear characteristics of different materials. Using brass as a base, aluminum will be about the same. Stainless steel will wear three to five times longer. It also costs three times as much. How-
ever, it is a much more durable material and nozzles made of stainless steel usually do not have to be changed as often. 
Plastic material is still another 
choice. As far as erosion, it will last only about 50 percent as long as 
brass. As far as chemicals are 
concerned, plastic is resistant to many substances. The popularity of the patented ChemLawn spray gun, which is manufactured of plastic, is due in part to this reason. > ? z n > 70 m Z a c CD H 70 2 > 70 THREEYEARS HARD LABOR. Faced with a life of hard labor, freezing temperatures, batterings and abuses, this Stihl® chain saw has managed to survive for v three long years. But that's no surprise.We expect every Stihl power tool to last that long. And longer. You see, Stihl puts only the finest quality into its tools. From the precise engi-neering to the most durable metal alloys. And every tool is test run and inspected to satisfy one of the strictest v " quality-control programs in the industry Is it worth a little more money for a tool that can stand a lot v * more labor? You be the judge. For sales and service, see the Yellow Pages under saws For more information write Stihl Inc . Dept 1215,536 Viking Drive Virginia Beach,Virginia 23452 ¿CJ*. Š à mmj ' ate* A \ Ł V \ V t.. \ The World s largest Selling Chain Saw. n2 by Dan Moreland Assistant Editor oc < 2 DC CD D Q Z w DC < u z <i < Dealing with personnel problems Are your employes constantly absent or tardy? Do they abuse or misuse expensive company equipment? If so, you may want to implement the "homespun remedies" of these lawn care businessmen. George is a top-notch lawn technician who is popular with both customers and co-workers. His lawns are flawless, his per-
sonality is outgoing, and his attitude is 
good. He would be considered a model em-ploye except for one major flaw. He is con-stantly tardy. Yet another employe, Harry, is the top producer in your company. He is one of those rare employes who combines a broad-based knowledge of turf with an 
energetic demeanor which spells success 
every time in the lawn care industry. Well, 
almost every time. Unfortunately, Harry is inclined to stop and have a beer at a local bar during the "dog days" of July and August. Sometimes he will even have two, or three, or four, or . . . In both cases, this is the type of behavior that should be discouraged. But what course of action should be taken? Should 
George and Harry be fired? Suspended? 
Hung by their necks until dead? Before tak-ing any action, you may want to try the "homespun remedies" of several lawn care businessmen recently contacted by LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY. EQUIPMENT ABUSE Equipment damage because of abuse or misuse is a universal problem throughout the lawn care industry. At the end of each season repair shops are filled to near over-flowing with the lingering evidence of a busy lawn care season: worn-out commer-cial mowers, damaged weed eaters, and 
broken-down pick-up trucks. As a result, lawn care operators spend much of each off-season attempting to correct the "me-chanical damage" wrought by untrained, 
overzealous, or just plain careless em-ployes. What can be done to curtail the ever-increasing incidence of equipment abuse 
and thereby reduce new equipment pur-
chases at the beginning of each new 
season? Most of those contacted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY suggest greater employe accountability. Drew Kenney, of Turf Doctor, Framingham, Mass., said his company has been the victim of equipment abuse largely as a result of a rotating work schedule. "In the past, we used a rotating schedule where Because the technicians were not directly responsible for their equipment the system lacked accountability and as a result equipment abuse in-creased. a technician worked six days and was off three days," he said, "so they had different pieces of equipment every day." Because the technicians were not direc-tly responsible for their equipment the system lacked accountability and as a result equipment abuse increased. How-
ever, all that has changed now. Turf Doctor recently implemented a new, more accoun-table system whereby each employe is 
issued his own personal equipment which has been systematically numbered and logged at the home office. In an attempt to further reduce the oc-currence of equipment abuse or misuse, Turf Doctor has implemented a combina-tion piecework/hourly wage payment 
policy for its field technicians. John Ken-ney, owner of the company and brother of Drew, explains: "If an employe's equip-ment is in good shape, he is more likely to get his piecework done," he said, "but if his equipment is broken down, he will be un-able to get his work done. "Therefore, if the equipment gets abused, it's the abuser who ends up bearing the brunt of having equipment that doesn't work." And "bearing the brunt" of broken-down equipment means decreased pro-duction and, in the end, smaller paychecks. Turf Doctor has also initiated a "Tech-nician-of-the-Month" award to help further reduce equipment abuse. Each technician receives a grade point for his daily work, taking into account production, 
promptness, cleanliness of equipment, and 
a number of other factors. At the end of the 
month, the daily grade points are tabulated and the technician with the highest grade 
point average receives a plaque and dinner-for-two at a restaurant of his choice. "Naturally, if the technician's equipment is in bad shape his grade point per day is go-ing to be quite low," John Kenney said. The result, a further reduction in the incidence 
of equipment abuse. Kenney said his three-fold assault on equipment abuse is effective because it successfully combines both positive and negative reinforcement. "The technician will fail to receive the approval of his supervisor and he will make less money if the equipment is abused," he said, "but if he takes care of it, he has the opportunity to earn a plaque and a monetary reward at the end of the month." Perhaps this "double-barrelled" attack can work for you. The only thing you have to lose is a shop full of broken-down equip-
ment. INSIDE THE INDUSTRY > z n > 50 m Z a c cn H X 2 > 50 Most businessmen contacted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY attribute equipment abuse to a lack of knowledge by employes regarding how to properly operate a piece of equipment, rather than on conscious negligence. Ed Engledow, of Engledow Tree/Land-scape Service, Indianapolis, Ind., said most equipment abuse results from improper training. "In some cases we have put new people on certain pieces of equipment 
before they were ready," he said. "You just 
have to make sure that you have highly trained employes on the expensive equip-
ment." Surprisingly, Engledow said he has never come across a situation where an employe 
has purposely damaged a piece of equip-ment. "We hire a lot of college students who I'm sure don't have a fantastic 
allegiance to our company," he said, "but they still appreciate the work and are not out to destroy us. "Where we get into trouble is with peo-ple who are just not conscientious," he 
added. It appears that little can be done to prevent equipment abuse 
among those who really don't 
care about you or your com-pany. Therefore, the best 
course of action with uncon-
scientious workers may be to merely let them go before they cost you a significant amount of money in equip-ment damage. DRUG ABUSE Although often ignored, drug abuse is a growing prob-lem in all sectors of business. And because the vast ma-jority of lawn care techni-cians are of college age or 
younger, marijuana use is a particularly troublesome 
problem for the lawn care industry. However, the simple fact that the industry is chock-full of youthful employes has not made it any more tolerant of marijuana use while on the job. Erv Denig, president of Lawn & Turf Landscaping, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind., simply states, "If I catch any of my em-ployes smoking marijuana while on the job they're fired. In fact, one time I came onto a job site and one of my employes was smok-ing a joint and I fired him on the spot." Engledow has also been forced to fire two employes for smoking marijuana. "Our company manual states that the use of 
drugs or alcohol on the job are grounds for 
expulsion," he said. "It just absolutely can-
not be tolerated." More serious drug abuse is generally not a problem for most lawn care operators, although you may have trouble convincing Doug Nakamura, of Northwest Landscape Maintenance Co., San Jose, Calif., of that. "We had a man on a mowing crew who drove from San Jose to Campbell (about 15 miles) under the influence of one drug or 
another," he said. When he got there he collapsed and nobody new what was wrong with him. "The danger was not only to the equip-ment and the truck he was driving, but to 
the other people working with him as well. So we barred him immediately." ALCOHOL ABUSE The consumption of alcohol while on the job, like drug use, is simply not tolerated by the vast majority of lawn care operators. However, because technicians spend much of their work day in the field, it's dif-ficult for the lawn care businessman to con-sistently monitor their behavior. Therefore, a certain percentage of technicians un-doubtedly consume alcoholic beverages while on the job, but it does not appear to be a serious industry problem. Tom Brune, owner of Atwood Lawn Spray, Inc., Sterling Heights, Mich., attributes the absence of 
alcohol-related problems at his company to strict policies which forbid employes from purchasing or consuming alcoholic 
beverages while on the job. "I don't even 
want them taking their lunch at any kind of establishment that has a liquor license," he said. Brune also forbides his employes from accepting even a "friendly" beer from 
customers. "Mr. Brown might offer you a 
beer," he said, "and you might take it, but Mr. Jones across the street might not have the same good feelings about beer that Mr. Brown does. "So you might be doing something that is considered perfectly innocent by one per-son, but is viewed entirely differently by another." week and increased absenteesim the fol-lowing week. This is another characteristic of youthful employes who tend to live from paycheck to paycheck and don't require the stability of a consistent salary. To help combat this problem Turf Doctor has developed an incentive program whereby technicians are awarded bonuses for completing various aspects of the lawn service program by pre-determined dead-lines. "If a technician runs over our deadlines he might not necessarily be eligible for a bonus," John Kenney said. Therefore, it fol-lows that if a technician is consistently tardy or absent it is highly unlikely he will be able to meet Lawn Doctor's deadlines and his bonus will be threatened. The result, decreased absenteeism and tar-
diness. Engledow has also decreased the in-cidence of tardiness by having his foremen 
come to work about 30 minutes before his 
field personnel. "We used to have all our employes start at 7:30 a.m.," he said, "but we were having trouble getting all of our trucks out on the road at the start of the day. So we 
switched to having the foremen come in early to get everything organized and ready to go so when the 
crews came in they could get on the road quickly." Engledow said he also believes in a strict company policy regarding tardiness. "It is specifically spelled out in our policy that tardiness is 
reason for dismissal," he said. "Up front, you've got to have a fairly strict policy because if it (tardiness and absenteeism) gets started, you've got a problem." CUSTOMER ABUSE Illustrations by Mike Whipkey Work-related alcohol abuse not only can have an adverse affect on customer rela-tions, but the relationship between co-workers can also become strained. Nakamura recalls a case where a very com-petent gardener started consistently show-
ing up late for work. "A pattern started to develop and finally it got to the point where he was actually caught drinking at lunch and coming to work still under the influence of alcohol 
from the night before. He was taken aside and warned that if he got caught again he would be fired. Eventually it happened again and he was fired." Nakamura said fellow workers were par-ticularly aggravated by the gardener's behavior. "A lot of people were angry 
because they had to pull his workload 
while he slept off his hangovers in the truck," he said. "Others felt if he (the gar-dener) could get away with it, they could too. It's a serious situation that has to be dealt with quickly and firmly." TARDINESS The age bracket of technicians working in the field is considered a major cause for the increased incidence of tardiness and absenteeism in the lawn care industry. "The people you get as technicians are usually in their early twenties," Drew Ken-
ney said, "so they are usually a little bit less responsible than our sales people who are 
usually in their mid-twenties and older." Kenney also sees a relationship between a disproportionately large pay check one Although most lawn care businessmen live by the ax-iom that the customer is right no matter what the circumstances, it's often difficult for them to convince their technicians to live by that philosophy. Company policies attempt to prevent conflicts, but the truth is confrontations be-tween customers and technicians are going 
to periodically occur no matter how strict 
the company policy regarding customer abuse. John Kenney said although conflict be-tween customers and technicians is not a serious problem for his company, he does recall at least one instance where a techni-cian used abusive language with a dis-satisfied customer. "The customer got on the phone with me and told me what the 
technician said and I apologized. I then 
talked to the technician about it and he apologized 16 ways from the Lord to me. My own private conclusion was that the customer probably deserved it." Kenney said the simplest, most direct way of dealing with the problem is to pro-minently display company policies regarding customer/client conflicts. "We 
have a set of guidelines posted on the 
bulletin board which defines the company 
policies and they specifically preclude an 
awful lot of abusive behavior. Anyone who 
defies those policies finds an opportunity to get in the unemployment line." Although the use of abusive language by technicians is a somewhat common com-plaint lodged by customers, it is not the only complaint. Nakamura said he received numerous complaints from customers angered by a "Mr. Brown might offer you a beer and you might take it, but Mr. Jones across the street might not have the same good feelings about beer that Mr. Brown does," Tom Brune, Atwood Lawn Spray, Inc., Sterling Heights, Mich. "Our company manual states that the use of drugs or alcohol on the job are grounds for expulsion," Ed Engledow, Engledow Tree/Land-
scape Service, Indianapolis, Ind. t V / * 5 u .. "We had a man on a mowing crew who drove from San Jose to 
Campbell (about 15 miles) under the influence of one drug or another. When he got there he collpased and nobody knew what was wrong with him," Doug Nakamura, Northwest Landscape Maintenance Co., San Jose, Calif. "If I catch any of my employes smoking marijuana while on the job they're fired. One time I came onto a job site and one of my employes was smoking a joint and I fired him," Erv Denig, Lawn & Turf Landscap-
ing, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind. gardener who borrowed money from them and failed to pay the loans back. "He (the gardener) had been assigned to a particular complex for a couple of years so he got to know a lot of people there pre-tty well," he said. "All of a sudden he started borrowing money from customers and he was forgetting to pay them back. It wasn't much. Maybe $2 for lunch, but it started adding up. It got to be a real hassle so now we try to rotate our manpower and put them under closer supervision. JEALOUSY Jealousy among technicians, particularly with regard to routing, is a growing prob-lem in the lawn care industry. Most lawn care operators seem to think that the better routes should go to the technicians with the most seniority, but that practice may be changing. "We had the feeling in the past that good routes were the reward for longevity," 
Brune said, "but we have had some dis-satisfaction with that system and I believe truthfully that we have lost some very, very fine employes as a result." Brune has become so dissatisfied with the seniority system with regard to routing that he changed the system this year. "We suffered with a bad system for many years before it really became terribly clear to us that it needed to be changed," he said. "So we've altered it in an attempt to make the routes as equitable as possible for all our technicians." John Kenney has also attempted to make his routing system more equitable. "Each 
year we try to make our routes as equal as possible, but we've never achieved perfec-tion. "Our technicians know that we struggle to try and reach some sense of parity in our routing," he added, "so they seem to have a bit more tolerant view of us and our routing system." The "civil service" method of rewarding the best routes to technicians with the most seniority appears to be on the wane. Those lawn care operators that fail to notice this trend towards more equitable routing may discover yet another grievance added to their ever-growing list of personnel-related problems. CONCLUSION The key to successfully dealing with per-sonnel problems appears to be prevention, nipping the behavior in the bud before it becomes a serious problem. The most widely accepted method of preventing per-sonnel problems, according to those con-tacted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, is to prepare a list of enforceable company guidelines. These guidelines should be posted in a Very visible location so em-ployes can readily view them. Then, if any of the guidelines are abused, the abuser should be quickly and fairly disciplined for his or her behavior. It's important that em-ployes know that you mean business and understand that you will enforce your com-pany policies if necessary. Nakamura agrees that visible company guidelines are an important factor in pre-venting personnel related problems. But he also views them as something more; a tool to effectively communicate with employes. "Posting our standard procedures gives our employes a ready reference of what is 
expected of them," he said. "When an em-ploye knows what his job is and knows what is expected of him, he will address himself towards the job better and you will have a better employe as a result." Nakamura's solution for coping with per-sonnel problems appears to be very sim-plistic, but the bottom line is it has been very successul. The April installment of In-side the Industry will feature a story about state and federal laws affecting the lawn care industry. Other features in next month's issue include stories about turf basics, disease identification, and 
condominium mowing 
maintenance. Grass: Some cut it and others smoke it, but if you're a lawn care technician, don't kill it It's not surprising that marijuana use by technicians occurs in the lawn care industry. It would be unrealistic to assume that the industry is immune to a problem that exists throughout the United States. What is surprising is 
marijuana use by technicians is not the only marijuana-related problem in the 
industry. One lawn care businessman contacted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY said, "We have had more of a problem with customers complaining that our technicians have killed their marijuana plants with weed killer than we have had with our technicians smoking marijuana while on the job." Now that's a problem! But, how do you cope with it? Should identification 
of marijuana be part of your training program. Perhaps an exhibit to accompany your turfgrass specimens: bermudagrass, bluegrass, cannabis. But 
be careful, your local lawn 
enforcement agency might not understand the educational significance of your little exhibit. Pacific Green Lawn Care officially opens doors The development of the chemical lawn care industry in the southern California market moved a step further along late last year when Pacific Green 
Lawn Care was unveiled at the Southern California Turfgrass Exposition. The company is the newest division of Pacific Green Corp., said general sales manager John F. Culbertson in his company's most recent newsletter. He also said: "Pacific Green Lawn Care is a sister organization which was es-tablished to provide chemical 
lawn care services in west Los Angeles, Santa Monica and San Fernando Valley areas. How-ever, as our prototype company grows and expands, we even-tually hope to service customers as far north as Ventura County and as far south as Orange County. "Initially, Pacific Green Lawn Care is focusing its marketing ef-fort on residential lawn owners, with subcontracting services being offered to landscape con-tractors, groundskeepers and professional gardeners who 
would prefer not to become in-
volved in this kind of work." In general, Culbertson said, the company provides complete scientific, programmed services involving residential and com-mercial lawn fertilization, weed 
and insect control, lawn disease 
control and lawn coloring. "We can provide six-times-a-year programmed service, or we will be happy to bid on specific services for landscape installa-tions involving insecticides, her-bicides, fungicides and other chemical applications," he said. "We have not only the latest and most scientific equipment to pro-vide these services, but are also 
staffed by some of the best trained, most qualified people in this field." John Rector is sales director. He is a graduate of CalPoly, San Luis Obispo, with a B.S. in or-namental horticulture. He has a 
broad background in landscape maintenance, and together with operations manager Brian Johnson was instrumental in developing the equipment and chemical application methods used by the company. Johnson also is a graduate of CalPoly, with a B.S. in ornamen-tal horticulture. He holds 
licenses as a pest control 
operator and pest control ad-visor. He previously was em-ployed by the San Joaquin Brian Johnson was instrumental in developing the equipment and chemical application methods used by Pacific Green Lawn Care. He has a bachelor's degree in ornamental horticulture. County Department of Agricul-ture, where he worked as an agricultural inspector. Company address and phone are: 1637 18th St., Santa Monica, CA 90404,213-828-5667. n > S Z n > X m z a c CD H X 2 > X GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS Hire targeted workers and receive tax credits Lawn care operators can receive tax credits from the federal government by hiring 
disabled persons, ex-felons, and those without proven abilities, under the Targetee Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC) program. The program provides tax credits to private employers for 
hiring job-ready workers in cer-tain targeted groups. The credit can mean a tax savings totaling as much as 50 percent of wages up to $6,000 for each eligible em-ploye in the first year of employ-ment. In the second year the tax credits amount to 25 percent of that amount. Mike Jones, owner of Grow It Green, Tacoma, Wash., said, "For several years I have given bonus incentives and provided training for new workers at my own expense. This year with the help of Targeted Jobs Tax Credit savings I will be able to offer an employe benefits package for the first time." For further program informa-tion contact your state Employ-
ment Security Department or the local office of the Internal 
Revenue Service. TURF Study show effects of cold on bermudagrass A study done by two agrono-mists at Virginia Polytechnic In-stitute in Blacksburg, Va., in-dicates that below-freezing tem-peratures and prolonged dor-mancy may hinder the survival of bermudagrass. Prolonging dormancy after exposure to low temperatures reduced the viability of both stolon and rhizome node buds, according to D.R. Chalmers and R.E. Schmidt. This suggests that continuation of the dormant con-dition on into spring could be an important contributing factor to the decrease in winter survival of both bermudagrass rhizome and stolon buds. Seed, fertilize, dispense insect and weed controls and aerate, all at once! Now, after years of painstaking develop-ment, there's Trac'n Combo, the incredible modular combine that makes lawn mainten-ance faster and more profitable than you ever imagined it could be. Look at what Trac'n Combo can do for you: Ł Cut labor costs, increase productivity. Ł Save precious time. Trac'n Combo covers up to 1000 sq. ft. per minute. Ł Reduce maintenance costs through simple design and sturdy construction. Ł Minimize waste with precise metering of materials dispensed. Ł Simplify lawn care through easy operation. No special training is 
required. Ł Aerate and dispense in either forward or reverse. Exclusive features include retractable spinner plate and aerator for travel over rough terrain. Trac'n Combo is self-supporting, and mounts to any tractor in minutes. And, be-cause it mounts directly on the tractor, it is maneuverable even in confined areas. I For more information call 201-494 1413 collect, or mail this coupon"^ | to: Trac'n Combo. Inc., P.O. Box 7, Metuchen. NJ 08840. Dealer | inquiries welcome. U.S. patent pending | NAME _ ADDRESS COMPANY. Illustration of Trac'n Combo mounted on any tractor does not imply tractor manufacturer's endorsement of the unit. Introducing a breakthrough in lawn maintenance. 30 os < CONTROVERSY Lawn care pros continue to criticize sod growers group > oc H CD D Q Z w a: < u z < J Criticism from lawn care operators continues to be levelled at the Sod Growers Association of Mid America, which recently blanketed about 150 newspaper garden editors with a news release questioning the professionalism of some lawn care businessmen. The Landscape Contractor magazine recently published 
rebuttals from two lawn care operators angered by the release, which appeared in arti-cle form in the September issue 
of the magazine. Sidney N. Black, of Doctor Goodlawn, Evanston, 111., described the article as "slan-derous" and "libelous." Among 
other things the article stated: SEVEN PERCENT U.S. fertilizer production is up U.S. fertilizer producers registered a 14 percent increase in domestic disappearance for the first six months of the 1979-80 year compared to July-December 1978, according to a report released last month by The Fer-
tilizer Institute. During the same period, U.S. fertilizer production averaged seven percent above the last six months of 1978. "Much of the domestic dis-appearance from the producer 
likely occurred as shipments to 
retailer inventory, as dealers built stocks for early spring sales," explained Edwin M. 
Wheeler, president of The Fertil-izer Institute. "Among the basic fertilizer materials, only phosphoric acid had producer inven-tories equal to or above last year's levels," ac-cording to the Fertilizer Institute. "In December 1979, fertilizer disappearance from producers was 24 percent above December 1978, with the increase applying broadly to nearly every nitrogen, phosphate and potash product listed in the Institute's fertilizer 
index," he said. "Meanwhile, producer-held fertilizer inventories at the end of December dropped 24 percent below December 1978 to record low levels," he said. Several key products have stock equivalent to only about three weeks of pro-duction, significantly below typical working levels of at least a month's production. "Among the basic fertilizer materials," added Wheeler, "only phos-phoric acid had producer inven-
tories equal to or above last year's levels." Ł Sod growers in various parts of the country have noticed that 
occasionally fine sodded lawns 
deteriorated more quickly when the services of certain lawn care specialists were engaged. Ł Many lawn care businessmen use showmanship and "pretty white trucks" to impress customers and potential 
customers. Ł Homeowners cannot be sure that a lawn care businessman us-ing liquid applications is not sim-
ply putting down water on a lawn. Black said few lawn care operators are "stupid enough not to realize that if you don't pro-vide visible benefits you will not keep customers," adding that "lawn care specialists almost un-iversally stand behind" their ap-
plications. Further, Black had some ques-tions of his own concerning the sod installed by sod growers in-cluding: Ł "Why do I find Fusarium in sod lawns, laid less than a year previously, when I am called to 
provide an estimate to improve a diseased lawn? Ł Why do I find sod lawns in 30 to 60 percent shade situations deteriorating within a year, two 
or three after they are put in, 
when the landscape contractor insists he has bought and laid a shade sod and the land-owner in-sists he has followed fertilization and watering and other cultiva-tion instructions? Ł What would the member of the Sod Growers Association of Mid-America tell the man who has invested two or three thou-
sand dollars in a lawn only to 
have it go to pot in a very short time, before he has called in the lawn care specialist, and after 
his landscaper and the sod grower have left him holding 'a garbage filled bag?' Ł How many sod growers have had a Fusarium infestation and harvested around the lesions and then reseeded the same field without treatment?" "Whether from sharp practice, stupidity or accident the sod-grower who has sold Fusarium with his sod has hurt the lawn-owner with a much greater 
financial damage than the 
dishonest applicator (if there are any I have not met him) who is stupid enough to apply 0-0-0 or 
anything more or less than the optimum amounts of N-P-K and trace elements to the lawns he services," he added. In conclusion, Black said he is "hopeful" that the "vast major-ity" of sod producers are honest, 
but he advises them to look "within themselves" for the causes of fast deteriorating sod lawnS. to page 31 QUALITY Chemlawn Corp. moves into lawn products market An innovative "package-which-is-product" concept has been designed by Richardson/Smith, Inc., of Worthington, Ohio to launch ChemLawn Corp., 
Columbus, Ohio into the con-sumer products market. Representing an extension of its customized lawn care service, this do-it-yourself liquid applica-tion system has been developed 
to meet rigid marketing criteria including: manufacturing econ-
omy; non-corrosive material; 
lightweight maneuverability; male and female acceptance; ease of assembly and mainte-nance; integrated packaging system; clear product informa-tion; seasonal product identifica-tion; and distinct corporate visibility. The spray applicator is con-structed of molded white polyethylene foam which holds a four-gallon color-coded polypro-pylene bottle containing pre-
measured dry fertilizer. The four color-coded fertilizer containers serve as an integral part of the spray unit, thereby representing part of the product as well as part of the packaging system. Another element of the package-product system is an additive for weed control available in metal cans designed to complement the seasonal theme. Customers of this ChemLawn product receive specified quanti-ties tailored to their lawn's care requirements by the ChemLawn specialist. They add water and if BOOTS HERCULES Nitroform from ti&OR POWDER BLUE FEEDS THE ROOTS WHILE AVOIDING FLUSH TOP GROWTH Chemlawn Corporation's new liquid application system, designed by Richardson/Smith, Inc., Worthington, Ohio, is currently being test marketed in Fort Wayne, Indiana. An extension of Chemlawn's custom lawn care service, the new system will enable the do-it-yourselfer to use Chemlawn's chemical products seasonally. The innovative packaging system is also part of the ap-plication product. Customers of the product receive specified quantities tailored to their lawn's by the Chemlawn specialist. prescribed an additive to the fer-tilizer container and the liquid chemical mixture is propelled 
onto the lawn by simply pushing the applicator. The self-contained pump was designed to 
be operated by the turning of the unit's wheels. Ralph Lund, ChemLawn's vice president of marketing, said: "Based on market research con-ducted in Fort Wayne, Ind., our test consultants have described as high a customer satisfaction level with this applicator and 
packaging system as ever before 
recorded for a new product." ChemLawn plans to market the liquid applicator system 
nationally. The new product will 
not compete head-on with the shelfed dry lawn care chemicals marketed by nurseries and retail stores; rather, it will be marketed directly by Chem-Lawn lawn specialists. The per-sonalized expertise is an impor-tant feature of ChemLawn's new product strategy. You can feed the roots of grass while you feed the tops Š and still avoid excess top growth. With Nitroform from Boots Hercules. Quick release nitrogen primarily feeds the top, resulting in too much top growth 
and little or no root growth. 
Nitroform Powder blue is the sensible release nitrogen. It will not burn or streak. It can also 
be mixed and applied with insecticides and fungicides. It helps grass maintain a BOOTS HERCULES Quoon BOOTS HERCULES AGROCHEMICALS CO. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 302/575-7850 good green color between feedings. Use Nitroform Powder Blue in your lawn sprays Š or Blue Chip for dry application. Write direct for additional information. If your fertilizer isn't lasting long enough, it doesn't contain Nitroform. NOTE: Ask about Deltic, the new insecticide to eliminate ticks 
and fleas in lawns. Ideal for the lawn care operator who wants to enlarge his business. SOD GROWERS frompage30 In a second rebuttal, Charlie McGinty, of McGinty Brothers, Inc., Long Grove, 111., said the release makes "one or two good points," but its editorial ap-proach is so negative that it defeats its own purpose. "The heart of the article may be the Mid America Sod Growers Association sensitivity to the fact that liquid fertilizer sales from tank truck operators are not required to guarantee content," he said. "The Association feels tank truck services should be regulated just like manufac-turers, distributors, and retailers. I feel that would be tak-ing things much too far. McGinty added that the release hit the lawn care operator "below the belt. I guess to sum it up," he said, "the arti-cle may have been written with good intentions but its execution created such a sarcastic view-point it may have alienated lawn care and related tradesmen to what might have been a common goal-professional establishment and maintenance of sodded 
lawns." > ? z n > 50 m Z a c cn H 50 S > 50 32 OC < HERBICIDES >* oc H C/3 D Q 
Z W OC < u z £ < J Alternatives to silvex for broadleaf weed control Most broadleaved weeds which were controlled by silvex can be controlled by either 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP, or a combina-tion of two or all of these 
materials, according to extension 
turf specialist Dr. Thomas R. Turner. Turner stated in a news release that the weeds for which silvex was formerly recom-mended include white clover, the chickweeds, black medic, henbit, ground ivy, oxalis, wild 
strawberry, and violets. Use of 2,4-D will not control these weeds. MCPP will control white clover and the chickweeds, but 
higher rates and repeated ap-plications are needed for what my be marginal control of black medic, henbit, and ground ivy. However, MCPP will not con-trol oxalis, violets, or wild straw-berry, which presents a special problem when growing under trees or near shrubs. Although dicamba will control oxalis and 
wild strawberry, it will not con-trol violets and should not be used under the drip line of trees 
or near shrubs since it moves readily in the soil and is ab-sorbed by plant roots. Thus, although oxalis, wild strawberry, 
and Violets could formerly be 
controlled to some degree by 
silvex, these weeds are now con-sidered nearly uncontrollable by 
home lawn care companies, Alternatives to silvex for chemical control of broadleaved weeds in bluegrass and fescue turf. Weeds controlled by silvex black medic 
buttercup (creeping) 
carpetweed 
chickweeds 
chicory cinquefoil clover(white) daisey (oxeye) 
dandelion dogfennel ground ivy henbit knawel mallow (common) ocalis (yellow woodsorrel) pineappleweed purslane violets wild carrot wild strawberry Alternative means of chemical control dicamba 2,4-D, dicamba 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP dicamba, MCPP 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP dicamba, MCPP dicamba, MCPP 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP 
2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP dicamba, MCPP 
dicamba, MCPP 
dicamba, MCPP 2,4-D, dicamba dicamba dicamba, MCPP 2,4-D, dicamba grass over weeds. 2,4-DTdicamba, MCPP dicamba THE NEW, 4 BILLION YEAR-OLD LAWNCARE DISCOVERY. MM? Micro-Munch puts lite back into lawns with billions of microorgan-isms to loosen and aerify the soil, and turn compacted mat & thatch into rich humus. MICRO MUNCH. A GIANT STEP BACKWARD. In the beginning, the earth's soil was filled with natural organisms that quickly decomposed organic debris and promoted deep-rooted, healthy vegetation. But over the years, man has destroyed much of this'natural balance with over-fertil-
ization, harm-ful insecticides and machinery that com pacted and literally "squeezed'' the life out of the soil. All this has led to unhealthy, weak-rooted, problem lawns with thick, unnatural mat and thatch. To solve the problem, the scientists at Agro-Chem took a long look backward, and de-
veloped Micro-Munch as part of their famous Green Magic Lawncare System. Micro-Munch is the first product that actually restores the natural organisms necessary for healthy, lush, disease-resistant turf. Micro-Munch reduces maintenance costs. By restoring nature's balance, spray-applied Micro-Munch can actually lower your maintenance costs by reducing the need for fertilizing, watering and pesticide application. And Micro-Munch will eliminate the need for Power Raking and frequent reseeding and resodding. Micro-Munch works fast and is easy to apply. Once applied, Micro-Munch's balanced soil diet goes right to work, naturally decomposing harmful accumulated mat and thatch-up to V within 9 to 12 weeks-turning it into nutritious humus. And Micro-Munch sprays on quickly, for noticeable results in weeks. New Turf Begins With a Phone Calf. Or A Stamp. To find out how Micro-Munch can work to restore lush new life to your grounds, and "actually reduce maintenance costs, return the attached coupon. Or for faster service, call us collect. Micro-Munch. It's an idea CALL MR. THOMAS GREENE, COLLECT 312-455-6900 IT'S ABOUT TIME AGROtCHEM, INC. Name The natural organic lawnspray service of Agro Ł Chem, Inc. 11150 W. Addison, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131 Company^ Address City _ State Phone My turf is Sq. Ft., or -Zip acres Ł Im interested in becoming a Micro-Munch distributor or dealer. Large Quantity Discounts Available. RETURN COUPON TO: Agro-Chem, Inc. 11150 W. Addison, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131 which cannot afford to take the risk of applying dicamba near trees or shrubs. One possible hope for chemical control of oxalis in shady areas is Ronstar (oxad-iazon), which is labeled for pre-emergence control of the weed. Also, some alternatives to silvex for these difficult to control weeds may be found in current research which is being con-ducted to further study the effec-tiveness of various combinations of 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP, and A weed problem which is solved temporarily by herbicides is certain to return if bad management continues. Good management will not eliminate the need for herbicide applica-tions, but it will greatly reduce the seriousness of weed problems that could eventually occur. other less commonly used materials such as 2,4-DP. How-ever, due to the difficulty that has been encountered in chemically controlling many broadleaved weeds, which has been compounded by the restric-tions placed on silvex use, new emphasis is needed to be placed on non-chemical methods of con-trol, especially management 
practices. Many steps can be taken to reduce the dependence on the 
use of herbicides for broad-
leaved weed control. The most effective means of control of any weed is to prevent the weed from becoming established in the first place. Thus, proper turfgrass es-tablishment is important in pre-venting future weed problems. Steps that can be taken include: Ł Buy good quality products: Poor seed, containing varieties not adapted to an area will ul-timately result in a poor turfgrass stand which will enhance the chances of weeds becoming es-MONEYWISE Avoiding rubber checks, sort of Bad checks create a lot of misery for both chemical lawn care companies and mowing/maintenance lawn care operations, and many firms have established tight procedures for accep-tance of checks. One trick is to note the series number on personal checks. One businessman, based on informal but extensive observa-tion, insists that 80 percent of rubber checks coming through his accounts receivable have series numbers below 500. This indicates the customers who move frequently, or keep chang-
ing banks, notes the National Landscape Association in a re-cent newsletter. tablished. Buy certified seed of varieties adapted to a region. Ł Seed at the proper time. Ł Fertilize seedbed according to recommendations: Too little or too much lime and fertilizer will result in poorer turfgrass estab-lishment and thus more weeds. Any other management prac-tice, such as proper mulching and watering, which encourages vigorous seedling growth and thus increases competition against weeds should be used. Many of these same principles apply to established bluegrass and fescue. Management prac-tices which encourage a vigorous and dense tufgrass stand will help reduce the chances of weed encroachment. Proper mowing, 
watering, and fertilization are critical. Grass mowed too close 
or not frequently enough results in a poorer root system and less 
competitive turf. Frequent, light watering can result in a shallow root system and more disease susceptible turf and thus a less competitive turf. Also, a con-tinually moist soil surface en-courages weed seed germination and provides a more favorable 
environment for weeds. Applying fertilizer in the proper amounts and at the 
correct time is a must for obtain-ing a vigorous stand of grass and 
discouraging weed encroach-ment. Good soil drainage and 
minimizing soil compaction are also important in favoring your grass over weeds. These basic principles of good management to reduce weed 
encroachment are not new, but 
need to be re-emphasized. Too much dependence has been 
placed on using herbicides to cover up what may be the result of bad management. When a 
chemical such as silvex is lost, we can be faced with a weed problem which may only be solved by complete renovation of the area. Also, a weed problem which is solved temporarily by herbicides is certain to return if bad management continues. Good management will certainly not eliminate the need for herbi-cide applications, but it will gre-atly reduce the seriousness of weed problems that could even-tually occur. PRODUCTS Interest in fluid lime still growing During the past year there has been considerable interest in various parts of the country in the use of fluid lime. Fluid lime is a suspension of limestone par-ticles in a liquid, generally wa-
ter. To suspend these particles, limestone must be ground to a fineness of about 200 mesh or finer (40,000 particles per square inch). Also, a clay material is used to help keep the limestone particles in suspension. Just how effective are fluid limes and what are the advan-tages and disadvantages of its use? The effectiveness of any limestone in neutralizing soil acidity is controlled by its purity and fineness. Purity is deter-mined by the carbonate content. The greater the content, the more acids the limestone will neutralize. Fineness controls the speed of reaction. Limestones 
coarser than 20 mesh are very slow to react and have limited agricultural value. Limestones finer than 100 mesh react within several weeks after application. 
Thus, fluid limes react very quickly upon application. But dry limestones of the same 
fineness will react at the same 
rate. How much fluid limestone is needed? The same amount as of dry limestone of equal purity. Generally a fluid limestone mix 
will contain about 50 to 55 per-cent limestone. So 2,000 pounds 
of fluid lime contain about 1,000 pounds of dry limestone. There-
fore, a ton of fluid limestone would be equal to about 1,000 pounds of dry limestone. Fluid 
limestone has two advantages over the use of dry limestone. It 
can be spread more evenly and there is no dust loss problem. The biggest disadvantage is the volume of material handled. For example, to satisfy a 2,000 limestone requirement will re-quire about 4,000 pounds of fluid lime. Remember, in evaluating any limestone, consider both its carbonate content and fineness. This is the measure of its effec-tiveness. Forget all the claims. Banvel® Herbicides give you what you really needŠ exceptional weed control, without turf damage, at a more than competitive cost per acre. Banvel 4S gives you broad control of tough weeds, while Banvel® + 2,4-D provides an even wider spectrum of 
control, but see the label for certain 
grasses susceptible to 2,4-D. Both mix readily, and are stable in storage. And, Banvel HerbicidesŠ Tough on Weeds, Easy on Turf. Use Banvel Herbicides on your next broadleaf weed application. For more information: ŁVelsicol Velsicol Chemical Corporation 341 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 Banvel Herbicides offer special translocation properties. This means they attack the entire weed both from the roots up and the leaves down. Effective, yet economical weed controlŠ that's what Banvel Herbicides can add to your turf care program. When all is said and done, isn't that just what you need ? Before using any pesticide read the label. 34 TURF oc < 2 > oc H C/D D Q Z w a: < u z < Insects and their control by Dr. Harry D. Niemczyk Dr. Niemczyk is professor of en-tomology at the Ohio Agricul-tural Research and Development Center, Wooster. He has worked closely with lawn care busi-nessmen in Ohio and many other parts of the country on research geared for the needs of the lawn care industry. He begins this piece with a dis-cussion of some of his recent work which has shown spring ap-plications of insecticides can control billbug and chinch bug throughout the lawn care season. In the second section, entitled "Basics", Dr. Niemczyk gets into insect identification and control. 
Much of this material initially appeared in the March 1979 issue 
of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. The article produced substantial reader interest and therefore we have decided to run it again. Reprints are available from Bob Earley, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102, at a cost of $2 each. Spring treatment for 
billbugs and chinchbugs The period from July to early August is the single most critical time for turf to be damaged by chinchbug and bluegrass billbug. At this time the turf is frequently under moisture stress while the 
feeding activity of these two 
destructive pests is highest. The combined effects from these two stress factors occurring 
simultaneously is believed to be responsible for a major portion 
of insect-related damage to northern home lawns. Damage and pests often hid-den. High numbers of early stage chinchbug nymphs and billbug larvae can go undetected during June because they are small and symptoms of damage are usually not severe enough to be seen. Of-ten the symptoms of semi-dormancy from lack of moisture in July mask the symptoms of chinchbug damage. Frequently this damage does not become apparent until late summer rains begin and the damaged areas already severely damaged fail to recover. The standard program. Many, if not most, northern lawn care 
programs include an insecticide 
during June and July. Treatments made in June are effective in preventing damage from 
chinchbug and sod webworm. However, because of the number 
of customers that must be ser-viced, some lawns do not receive treatment until mid-July or later. By this time many of these lawns may have already sustained sig-
nificant damage from the grow-
ing chinchbug population. Generally, June application of diazinon or chlorpyrifos pro-vides some measure of control of billbug larvae. However, when the larvae move to the root zone during July, applications made then often result in poor control because of poor insecticide penetration through the thatch. Early treatment approach. Research conducted in 1978 on 20 Wooster, Ohio home lawns (204,-
583 square feet), in cooperation with the ChemLawn Corp., 
showed that an April-May ap-plication of diazinon at 2.5 pounds active ingredient per acre or chlorpyrifos (Dursban) at one to two pounds active ingre-
dient per acre aimed at over-wintered chinchbugs and blue-grass billbugs as soon as they become active, can prevent the 
development of damaging popu-lations the following June and July. This method of control is based on the Target Principle detailed later on in the "Basic" section. The principle focuses control on a particularly vulnerable period APRIL ADULTS NYMPHS APRIL MAY JUNE JULY ' AUGUST 'SEPTEMBER' OCTOBER ' NOVEMBER The above graphs outline the life history and seasonal occurrence of blue-grass billbug and chinchbug in Ohio. Insecticide applications directed at overwintered adults, as soon as they resume activity in the spring but before they lay eggs, prevents the development of damaging populations during June, fuly, and August. in the life cycle of the pest. Knowing life cycle and incidence of chinchbug and bluegrass billbug damage in a certain market area is basic to determin-ing the applicability of the early treatment approach to that area. The approach to controlling these two destructive pests is that insecticide treatment ap-plied as soon as overwintered adults become active, but before 
many eggs are laid, removes the potential for development of damaging numbers in July and early August. The method is ap-plicable to areas where either or 
both pests are present. In market areas where billbug damage frequently occurs and the chinchbug has one genera-
tion each year, the early applica-tion should provide season-long control of both pests. Once the billbug adults (the source of the damaging larval stage) have been removed, the cycle has been broken. In areas with two generations of chinchbug, the need for a second treatment to control this 
pest depends first upon the *NOC#> OVT Crabqrass ROCKLAND PROFESSIONAL Betasan Selective Pre-emergencc Herbicide ROCKLAND BETASAN now available in a new 8/16 mesh 7% granular plus three different strengths 1 2.5%G., 3.6%G. and a 4 lb. E.C. (R) Betasan is a registered Trademark of Stauffer Chemical Co. ROCKLAND has a complete line of granular insecticides, herbicides and fungicides for Professional Turf Maintenance. ROCKLAND Fertilizers contain combinations of IBDU, NITROFORM and new SULFUR COATED UREA. Some available formulations Š 25-5-15, 30-2-5 and 20-4-10. All products are formulated with the highest quality ingredients and carriers. ROCKLAND PROFESSIONAL lawn and garden PRODUCTS CATALOG / ® cDclROCKLAND CHEMICAL CO.. INC. ll I PASSAIC AVE., WEST CALDWELL, N.J. 07006 Ask your supplier or write with custom built lawn care products The right equipment means greater efficiency and we at Consolidated specialize in building equipment to fit your individual needs. We will custom build to your specifications or choose from our standard chemical tanks. We are also authorized distributors for Cash Valve & Hydra-Cell Pumps. Parts and repair service available. Units capable of suspending slow release nitrogen such as IBDU' Consolidated Sales and Services 
401 S. College Street Piqua, Ohio 45356 
Ph.: 513-773-3109 abundance of rainfall or irriga-tion during development of the second generation, and second, whether adjacent lawns were treated for chinchbug. Moisture and the chinchbug. When moisture for good turf growth is adequate during late August and September, a fungus disease Beauvaria infects and kills many chinchbugs. In many if not most cases, the population 
can be reduced to the point where a second insecticide ap-plication is unnecessary. The 
fact that most northern lawn care programs include a fertilizer ap-
plication at this time also helps the turf withstand feeding from 
the second generation. If August and September are dry (a condition under which 
chinchbugs thrive), reinfestation limited to the border can be 
caused by chinchbugs migrating 
in from adjacent untreated turf. Some border damage from first 
and second generation migrants is possible under such cir-
cumstances. If the adjacent turf has been treated or has a low level of infestation, reinfestation is very unlikely since the source 
of reinfestation is not there. In this case, the spring treatment could take care of the chinchbug problem for the year. Chinchbug life cycle. Adult chinchbugs insert eggs in the lower leaf sheaths of grasses. The number of eggs laid is known to range from 23 to 289 per 
female. The development of eggs and subsequent stages is directly 
dependent upon temperature, therefore, the number of genera-tions occuring in a given area de-pends upon its latitude. There is 
one generation each year along the latitude of Rochester, N.Y., Toronto and Milwaukee, and two in Ohio, Pennsylvania and In-
diana, for example. In southern regions, chinch-bugs remain active during the winter months, but in northern areas they become inactive and go into a resting state (diapause). These adults become active again as early as late March in 
Ohio and begin laying eggs in Classification of pests according to the segment of the turf habitat which they occupy helps focus attention on the fact that whatever control measures are applied they must reach the target in that habitat. This concept is the target principle of pest control. May. The eggs hatch in May and June, producing damaging popu-lations of nymphs and adults in July and August. Adults from this generation lay eggs that produce a second generation in Septem-ber. In October, most of these adults move from the turf to 
nearby sheltered areas for over-
wintering. Although adult chinchbugs are capable of flight, crawling is their primary means of mobility. Cinchbugs are susceptible to a fungus disease caused by Beauvaria sp.. The fungus is most infectious when the turf has moisture adequate for good growth. When these conditions occur during the second genera-tion, populations can be reduced drastically by the fungus. Billbug life cycle. In the north-ern states, bluegrass billbugs pass the winter as adults in lawns and sheltered areas nearby. In spring they begin to move about and are often observed wandering around on driveways and sidewalks in May. During May and June, adults lay 
eggs in cells cut near the crown in the grass stems. These eggs hatch in about two weeks. The larvae feed within the grass stems for a time and then burrow down the stem to feed on the crown. Later, they move to the 
root zone feeding on roots and rhizomes. Larvae are abundant from July to early August. After completing development, they pupate in 
small cells in the soil and soon emerge as new adults. New adults are common during late September and October and are often seen in considerable num-bers on driveways and Sample Date Mean no. insects/ft- in 3 untreated turf areas* Š Wooster, Ohio Š 1978 Š Dr. H. D. Niemczyk. Chinchbug Stages Adult 1st 2nd 3rd & 4th 5th Adults Billbug April 9 0 0 0 0 7 
1 May 14 0 0 0 0 3 1 
June 4 19 0 
0 0 2 
1 July 2 64 55 11 1 1 <1 August 6 5 1 5 15 27 3 Sept. 10 12 13 18 34 12 5 
Oct. 1 2 1 0 5 24 9 Nov. 5 0 0 0 <1 4 
8 Sample Days after Chinchbug Stages Adult Date treatment 1st 2nd 3rd & 4th 5th Adults Billbug April 9 0 0 0 
0 0 12 3 May 7 25 0 
0 0 0 <1 <1 June 18 67 0 0 0 0 0 <1 July 16 93 0 <1 0 0 0 <1 Sept. 3 140 11 21 14 14 5 1 sidewalks. As winter ap-proaches, the new adults seek shelter in turf, hedgerows, and other protected areas where they remain until spring. BASICS The insects pests of turfgrass can be placed conveniently into two categories: Ł Leaf stem and thatch in-habitants Š those that live and feed above the soil, such as aphids, mites, chinch bugs, adult 
billbugs, cutworms, armyworms and sod webworms. Ł Soil inhabitants Š those that live and feed in the soil such as grubs, billbug larvae, ground 
pearls and mole crickets. The target principle Classification of pests according to the segment of the turf habitat which they occupy helps focus attention on the fact that 
whatever control measures are applied they must reach the target in that habitat. This con-cept may be called the target principle of pest control. The target principle is ap-plicable to any pest Š insect, 
fungus or weed. It does, how-
ever, require that those applying 
it he well-grounded in the iden-tification, life cycle and damage symptomology of the pest in the area of its occurrence. This arti-
cle is presented by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY to provide such basic information on pests most frequently encountered in the lawn care business. Soil-inhabiting insects Grubs. Grubs are the larvae of many species of beetles, mainly belonging to one family. The adults differ in their color markings, habits and life cycles, but grubs are generally similar in appearance. Fully grown larvae are 3A to V2 inch long, white to grayish, with brown heads and six distinct legs. They are charac-terized by the C-shaped position 
they usually assume in the soil. Severe infestations feeding on turf roots can cause the sod to 
turn brown and die. Moles, birds and skunks actively feed on grubs and in the process tear up the turf as they search for them. Life cycle. The life cycles of grubs can be classified according to the time required for comple-
tion of the cycle from egg to adult, namely, less than one 
year: one year: and two years or more. Among those with three-year cycles are some species of May beetles or "June bugs," of-ten seen around lights on warm nights. These beetles are generally large, hard-shelled, and vary in color from tan to brown to black. Some species 
feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs, others do not feed at all. 
Feeding, flight, mating and egg-laying are done at night. Masked chafers, European chafers and one species of a Texas June beetle are examples of beetles which complete their life cycle in one year. The com-mon Japanese beetle is perhaps the best example of this group. Grubs of the Japanese beetle are about one-inch long when fully grown and have the same 
general appearance as other grubs. The adults are V2 inch long with hard, metallic, blackish-green bodies. They have coppery brown wing covers and small tufts of white hairs along the sides and back of the body. The adults are commonly seen during July feeding on the leaves of 
many species of trees and shrubs. When egg-laying begins, 
clusters of the adults are fre-quently seen on the turf. The black turfgrass ataenius is occasionally found on home 
lawns. This species completes to page 36 * Based on average of 12 samples taken weekly from 3 turf areas 115,900 ft2). Mean no. insects/ft2 in 7 home lawns treated April 14 with Dursban 4EC 1 lb AI/A*. Wooster, Ohio Š 1978 Š Dr. H. D. Niemczyk. * Based on average of 12 samples taken weekly from 7 home lawns (81,198 ft2). m'AQUA-GRO FOR MORE SUCCESSFUL LANDSCAPING AND GROUNDS MAINTENANCE AT LOWER COSTS. Irregular growth of turf in stratified soil 1 when maintained W** with plain water Recovery of same area in two weeks when maintained 
with Aqua-Gro and 
water Ł Compensates for poor soil mixtures and soil stratification Ł Helps eliminate hot spots Ł Allows for the rewetting of B & B stock and the establishment of sod. Ł Eliminates seed floating, reducing drought, heat stress, and disease. Ł Increases fertilizer and pesticide performance. Ł Provides for improved plant establishment and growth. AQUA-GRO is available in liquid concentrate or spreadable granular. For free illustrated brochure write to: « £L AQUATROLS CORPORATION 3l OF AMERICA, INC. 1432 Union Ave., Pennsauken, New Jersey 08110 (609) 665-1130 Above left: Classification of pests according to the segment of the turf zone they occupy helps emphasize that controls should be aimed at specific targets in that zone. This concept is called The Target Principle. Above right: Identification is a necessary step in achieving control of grubs. Examination of the raster with a 10-power hand lens will identify the common species. INSECTS from page 35 two cycles each year in some locations and one in others. Adults fly and lay eggs during the daytime. Grubs are similar in general appearance to those of other species except they are smaller. Unlike most species in this group of pests which overwinter as larvae, the ataenius beetle overwinters as an adult. There are many species of grubs, and identification is based primarily on the pat-tern of spines found on the underside of the tip of the abdomen. This area is called the raster. Identification. There are many species of grubs, and iden-tification is based primarily on 
the pattern of spines found on the underside of the tip of the abdomen. This area is called the 
raster and the configuration of the spines the rastal pattern. A 10-power hand lense is adequate for examining the rastal pattern 
of most grubs, unless they are very small, in which case a mi-croscope is needed. Diagnosis. Evidence of grub damage includes patches of 
wilted, dead or dying turf visible during spring (April and May) and fall (October and Novem-ber). Presence of grubs in the fall 
is also made evident by the 
feeding activity of skunks and 
other mammals which tear up the turf in search of grubs. In the spring, large flocks of various LEAF & STEM Mites Aphids Scales THATCH Chinch Bugs Sod Webworms Armyworms Cutworms Billbug Adult Scales SOIL Grubs Billbug Larvae Mole Crickets Ground Pearls Japanese Beetle N. Masked Chafer Black Turfgrass Ataenius May Beetle European Chafer Asiatic Garden Beetle Cut grass,not corners. Or, the Bull, a high-performance 25hp diesel powered workhorse with dual-range 12-speed transmission and 4-step PTO (555, 774, 1025 and 1320rpm). With agricultural tires and 4-wheel drive for the construction site or landscaping job, or with wide turf tires and 2-wheel drive for the lawn or golf course, you get a lot of Bull at a practical price. And the 38hp Stallion Ground Hugger. With power steering, nine-speed selective sliding gear transmission and 11-inch ground clearance, it's the state-of-the-art in special turf tractors. Cut down on costs without cutting back on performance. With Satoh. The tractors that can cut it in today's economy. Bottom Sido of Lost Segment Bears the Raster Get it at your SATOH tractor dealer. P.O. Box 5020, New York, N.Y. 10022 Satoh tractors help you beat the rising costs of owning and operating 
outdoor power equipment without sacrificing perform-
ance or productivity. There are fourteen 2 and 4-wheel drive Satoh models sized from 15 to 38hp. Designed 
with standard features most demanded by pro-fessionals. Engineered for optimum blends of power, size and speed. Each Satoh tractor can 
handle a wide variety of front, mid and rear-
mounted implements for a full range of applica-tions, from cutting grass to digging trenches. For 
the best in economy and performance, there is a Satoh tractor to suit your budget as well as your needs. Like the compact 16.5hp Beaver III or the 18.5hp Buck, both powered by 3-cylinder diesel engines, driven by dual-range 8-speed transmis-
sions and featuring, as standard, live hydraulics, three-step power take off and a Category I 3-point linkage. Both small enough to be efficient, yet rugged enough to handle the really tough jobs. blackbirds feed on grubs in heavily infested areas. Ground mole actiivity is also a good in-dicator of grub problems. The 
only sure way to detect grubs is to cut into the turf in four or five locations, examining the root 
zone and first three inches of soil carefully. Billbugs. Several species of billbug seriously damage in the United States. Among these are hunting billbug on zoysiagrass, the Phoenix billbug on bermuda-grass, and the bluegrass billbug on perennial bluegrass. Larvae are legless, white soil inhabitants, 3/e-inch long and 
have a yellow to brown head. They are fat with the tail end of the larvae somewhat larger than the head end. Larvae feed on 
turfgrass roots and stems, often cutting the stems off at the crown 
so they are easily pulled. Life cycle. In the northern states, bluegrass billbugs pass the winter as adults in the lawn The typical target Š grubs feeding on turfgrass roots under a layer of thatch. and sheltered areas nearby. In spring they begin to move about and are commonly observed wandering around on driveways and sidewalks. During May and June, adults lay eggs in cells cut near the crown in the grass stems. These eggs hatch in about two weeks. The larvae feed within the grass stem for a time and then burrow down the stem to feed on the crown. Later they move to the Ł1- Ł. Bluegrass injured by bluegrass billbug larvae breaks off easily at the crown when pulled. Evidence of tunneling in the stems identifies this pest as the causal agent. seek shelter in turf, hedgerows and other protected areas. Diagnosis. The wandering nature of bluegrass billbug adults during May and June and 
again during September and Oc-tober is a good indicator of a potential problem in nearby turf. 
Careful observation for adults on sidewalks, driveways and along gutters during these times should provide warning of a possible in-festation of larvae in July and August. Mole crickets feed on turfgrass roots and use their spade-like front feet to tunnel in the soil. If small patches of turf ap-pear to be dying from June to 
September, the best way to determine if billbugs were responsible is by carefully 
examining the damaged turf. Look for evidence of larvae 
feeding at the base of the stem and use a knife to probe among the roots to look for larvae. Turf damaged by larvae is easily pulled out by hand with the stems breaking off at the crown. A good indicator is the ~ ' m ^ ' I -Ground pearls live deep in the soil and feea on turf roots. Centipedegrass is commonly attacked. (Pholo courtesy Dr. J. A. Reinert). presence of fine, white, sawdust-like material left by larvae 
feeding in the root zone. Mole crickets. Mole crickets are pests of major importance on most turfgrasses grown in the southeastern United States. The Puerto Rican and southern species are responsible for most of the damage. Adults are about lVfe-inches long, gray to light brown, and have short spade-like 
front legs well adapted for to page 38 > Z n > m Z a c CO H 50 < 2 > 50 Bluegrass billbug larvae feed at crown of bluegrass and later move to the soil to feed on plant roots. root zone, feeding on roots and rhizomes. Larvae are abundant during mid-July to mid-August. After completing development, they pupate in small cells in the soil and soon emerge as new adults. New adults are abundant during late September and October 
when they are frequently found in considerable numbers on driveways and sidewalks. As winter approaches, the adults «I Charles Craig put his career on the line to use Roundup herbicide And he won. When Charles Craig decided to renovate 35 acres of this college campus with RoundupR herbicide in 1977, he knew that if it didn't work, he'd probably have to "hide under a rock'.' But, fortunately, Charles didn't have to go into hiding because just 7 days after he applied Roundup he was able 
to reseed right into the dying grasses. "Yes, I put my career on the line, but I felt all along that Roundup was going to work',' Charles says. "There was no doubt in my mind'.' As horticulturist for Mercer County Community College in Trenton, New Jersey, Charles Craig depended on Roundup for the broad spectrum control he needed for tough grasses like quackgrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue and others. And since Roundup has no residual soil activity, he was able to reseed in a matter of days. "Seed germination was ter-rific, especially with the weather we had',' Charles told us. "Every-one always says it looks nice'.' Charles still uses Roundup for touch up jobs around cracks in the pavement, park-ing lots, buildings, tree bases and flower beds.Taking pre-cautions against spray drift, Charles has no fear of harming surrounding vegetation with Roundup. Charles Craig is convinced that Roundup works, and he has 35 acres of beautiful turf to prove it. To see how it can work for you, reach for Roundup where 
you buy chemicals. Monsanto There's never been a herbicide like this before. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL FOR ROUNDUP Roundup* is a registered trademark of Monsanto Co. © Monsanto Company 1980. RI-8007 D Circle 135 on free information card OC < S OC H CD D D 2 u oc < u 2 £ < ^w K ^ Bronzed cutworm moth INSECTS from page 37 tunneling. All stages feed on grass roots and burrow in loose soil, causing the turf to dry out. Burrows are V2 to one inch in diameter and easy to see. Damage can be especially severe in newly planted turf. Life cycle. In spring, adults burrow into the soil to deposit eggs well below the surface. Eggs hatch in two weeks, produc-ing nymphs in May that look like adults except they are smaller and have short wings. One year is required for nymphs to become mature and there is one generation each year. Except for adult mating flights which occur in the spring, mole crickets remain in the soil most of their life. Bronzed cutworm larva Ground pearls. Ground pearls are important soil-inhabiting in-
sect pests throughout most of the 
southern United States. Actually, they are the immature stages of a scale insect that completes its 
development inside the pro-tective pearl-like shell (cyst) which it secretes. The shells are yellow-purple and vary in size from a grain of sand to 3/16 inch in diameter. Most warm-season grasses are susceptible to injury, but centipedegrass is most com-monly infested. Black cutworm moth Life cycle. Relatively little is known about the life history of these insects. Mature females (crawlers) leave their protective shells, move a short distance and lay eggs in the soil. Newly hatched nymphs attach them-selves to roots by their piercing mouth parts and form a shell about them. The life cycle from egg to adult requires at least one 
and possibly two or three years. Removal of plant fluids by the nymphs causes turf to turn yel-
low, then brown, in irregular patches. Examination of the en-tire root zone for presence of the cysts is recommended for detection. Black cutworm larva Control: Application of the target principle Control of turf damage by soil-inhabiting pests involves practical application of the target principle. Such effort requires concentration on getting a specific control material to a specific target; in this case, the target lives beneath a layer of 
thatch. Grub control. Since cancella-tion of chlordane and other chlorinated cyclodiene insecti-... v J '¡à^Bût * (VÂjfôfij^HSj Sod webworm larvae live in silk-lined tunnels in thatch during the 
day and come to the surface at night to feed on grass blades. cides, the organophosphates remain as chemical tools for grub control. Among the biological methods available is the use of milky spore disease. Both chemical and biological ap-proaches are, to a degree, effec-tive; however, both have their limitations. Organophosphates. Several organophosphate insecticides are variously labeled for grub Pellets of green excrement (frass) in the thatch indicate sod webworms or cutworms have fed on the turf. control, however, among them are products that are either not effective, too toxic for use on home lawns or too expensive to be economically feasible. Among those that are safe, relatively economical, and fairly effective are diazinon and trichlorfon (Dylox or Proxol). Both are used extensively by the lawn care in-
dustry for grub control. Like most organophosphates, the effectiveness of these two in-secticides is limited by their short residual activity in soil (14 days or less) and the fact that they are subject to fairly rapid breakdown by environmental factors like light and heat. These 
characteristics emphasize the importance of uniformly dis-tributing the proper rate at a time when the pest is most vulnerable. Again, the life cycle, 
not the calendar, determines the vulnerable period. For proper distribution, li-quid materials should be applied 
as coarse sprays, finer sprays are subject to drift and tend to volatilize the insecticide more rapidly once the spray reaches the turf. A minimum volume of four gallons per 1,000 square feet should be used when treating northern turfgrasses. However, 
with the deeper thatch of south-ern turfgrasses, 20 to 40 gallons per 1,000 square feet is needed. Both diazinon and trichlorfon have other limiting factors worth Growth stages of the hairy chinch bug from egg to adult. knowing about. Diazinon has a 
moderately strong affinity for organic matter. Because of this, some of the material applied to turf binds to the thatch before reaching the target. Some lawn care firms claim the addition of 
certain wetting agents 
apparently lessens binding and gives better grub control. Trichlorfon, on the other hand, does not bind to thatch but breaks down rapidly when the pH of the tank mix is high. Some 
reports indicate a half-life of 63 Arm y worm larvae minutes at a pH of 8; 6.4 hours at a pH of 7; and 3.7 days at a pH of 6. The pH of water is used to prepare tank mixes varies with the time of year and location, thus lawn care firms would be well-advised to have their water 
supply tested for pH and buffering capacity. Products are available to adjust pH levels 
downward. Low pH is usually not a problem. While the performance of organophosphate insecticides is reduced by thatch, timely use of THE INSECTICIDE THAT LIKES TO WORK OVERTIME DURSBAN* brand insecticides provide un-surpassed residual con-trol of cutworms, chinch bugs, sod webworms, and a dozen other turf pests. Both DURSBAN 2E Insecticide and double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide keep working a lot longer than other turf insec-ticides. This residual action saves you time, trips, and labor. It also saves you money. In fact, ŁTrademark of The Dow Chemical Company DURSBAN insecti-cides cost less than most other turf insecticides. Ask your supplier for the turf insec-ticide that works over-time for you. Get DURSBAN 2E Insecticide or double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide. Just be sure to read and follow all label directions and precautions. Agricul-tural Products Depart-ment, Midland, Michigan 48640. Circle 112 on free information card DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. DURSBAtrZE insecticide irrigation by the customer can help achieve maximum control from treatments. Liquid insecti-
cides should not be applied to 
dry thatch. Under such cir-cumstances the spray is likely to evaporate before penetrating the thatch. If not moist from previous rain or irrigation, the customer should be advised to irrigate the turf the day before treatment is scheduled. Instruction should also be left to apply an additional V2 inch of water immediately after treat-ment. Post-treatment irrigation 
or rain is essential to moving the insecticide off the grass blades, through the thatch and to the 
target. Delays in watering-in the treatment significantly reduce the probability of successful con-trol. When granular formulations are used, the grass blades should be dry at the time application is made so the insecticide particles bounce off the blades and sift as deeply as possible into the thatch. This brings a con-centrated particle close to the target and also provides protec-
tion from breakdown by light and other factors. While the 
urgency to irrigate following granular application is not as 
great as for liquid application, it should be done as soon as possi-ble. At least V2 inch should be applied. Beauvaria sp., a naturally occurring fungus disease, destroys many chinchbugs (left) in the fall when the turf is moist. Customers and lawn care operators often expect to see dead grubs a few days after treatment. Actually, it may take 10 to 14 days before significant numbers of grubs ingest enough insecticide to cause obvious mor-tality. Customers should be ad-vised of this delayed action. Milky spore disease. While insecticides are the principle means of controlling grubs, milky spore disease provides an effec-tive alternative for control of the Japanese beetle. The bacterial causal agent Š Bacillus popilliae Š is only effective against Japanese beetle larvae. Infection takes place when resting spores of the bacterium are ingested by the grub along with food and soil particles. The 
spore germinates inside the grub, 
producing bacteria which mul-tiply and produce millions of spores that eventually fill the en-tire body of the insect. Infected grubs may live for months but eventually are killed, dis-tributing spores at a new loca-
tion. Yearly infection and death of grubs plus birds and mammals feeding on them further helps distribute spores over the turf 
area. In addition to the natural oc-currence in the soil, dust contain-to f)Ufic 40 Oc < 2 >< DC H cß D O Z m DC < u z The adult stage of the biuegrass billbug is a thatch inhabitant often seen walking across sidewalks and driveways in spring and fall. INSECTS from page39 ing the resting spores can be pur-chased and artificially dis-tributed. The cost of artificial distribution ranges from $60 to $80 per acre depending on the concentration of spores in the product and rate applied. Dust may be applied any time the ground is not frozen. A com-mon method is to apply one teaspoonful (about 200 million spores) of dust in spots at inter-vals of four feet in rows four feet apart. This is about 12 pounds of dust per acre. In northern states, several years may elapse before spores are well-distributed throughout Invisible to the naked eye, bermudagrass mite 
feeding causes growth 
distortions in the form of tufts. (Photo courtesy Dr. J. A. Reinert). the soil. During this time, grub infestations must be tolerated to permit infection and death of grubs. Once distribution is ac-complished, the treatment will provide control of Japanese bee-tle grubs for many years. Rhodesgrass scales are covered with cottony material secreted by the insect. (Photo courtesy Dr. J. A. Reinert). where the pest is located. How-ever, once a larval infestation develops, the pest becomes a soil inhabitant, and irrigation follow-ing with an insecticide treatment 
is advisable to move the material to the target. Mole crickets. In areas where damage from mole crickets has occurred previously, further in-jury can be prevented by apply-ing sprays of insecticides during Bermudagrass scales are covered by a shell-like covering and are found on grass stems. Infested turf appears "moldy". (Photo courtesy Dr.). A. Reinert). June while the nymphs are still small and relatively easier to control. Such sprays may also be applied later in the summer when damage appears. Thorough and deep irrigation before and 
after spray applications is neces-sary to reach the target. Various baits containing low percentages (V2 to two percent) of several insecticides have been effective when uniformly ap-Greenbugs line the upper surface of biuegrass blades to suck out plant fluids and inject salivary fluids that ill tissue around the feeding area. ¡I plied over the turf in late June. Here the objective is to bring the target Š a young mole cricket nymph Š to the surface to feed on the bait. Applying the target principle in this case means no irrigation should be applied. Ground pearls. Ground pearls can occur 10 inches or deeper in turfgrass soils. This fact, coupled with the difficulties of achieving penetration of insecticides, has Turf damaged by the greenbug has a yellow to orange cast. Injury is frequently seen under trees but also occurs in open areas. Billbug larvae. Control of damage from the billbug is a situation where application of the target principle determines the approach to control. To pre-vent the development of the damaging larval stage, insecti-cide may be apllied early in spring (April for the biuegrass billbug) to eliminate adults 
before they lay eggs. At this time the insect is inhabiting the sur-face and thatch and irrigation following treatment is not ad-visable because the objective is to keep the material in the thatch ^acobsen CD CO 3 © c CD ? CD g CD ® O o 3 5* c CD © O CD <* 5 ° © Q) 5" © Q. >-o if o© z o © Ło $ S Ł Ł> I DD Û ° S ® 3 © X w © U W O 3 © $ £ S S CO o << Mail To: Company Name Your Title First Initial _ --Š Š _ Š Š CD Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Š Last Name Š -Š Š Last Name CD Š Š 
Š Š CD Ï* O.T3 Š Š Š Ï* O.T3 Š Š Š 2 S S 2 Ol ¡Sfilili t SM»» 1 §tf S off Siti MARCH 1980(Expires in 60 days) reader service card Use this card to obtain more information...fast. LU V W OÌQ £ < < UJ UJ < »vit» O m Üb t zz z 3 Dr. Harry D. Niemczyk is professor of entomology at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, Ohio. He has worked closely with lawn care businessmen in Ohio and many other states on research geared for the needs of the lawn care industry. lead to the conclusion that there is no practical, effective means of controlling this pest. Manage-ment practices, particularly irrigation and fertilization which keep the turf growing vigorously, temporarily helps grass to over-come injury. Leaf, stem and thatch-inhabiting insects and their control in turfgrass Sod webworms. Sod web-worms include a complex of species such as the tropical sod webworm, vagabond carambus, bluegrass sod webworm and many others. The extent of in-jury from this group of thatch-inhabitants varies with the species and location of oc-currence. Usually only a few species are responsible for most of the damage in a given area. Sod webworm adults are small, grayish-white to beige moths with a wingspread of 3A inch frequently seen flying over lawns at dusk or just after dark. When at rest the wings are folded closer to the body. The head has a snout-like projection in front, thus they are also called snout-moths. If disturbed during the day, the moths fly erratically for a short distance, then come to rest on the turf. The moths do not damage turf. The larvae are caterpillars varying in color from greenish to 
beige, brown or gray, depending upon the species. When mature, they are 3A inch long and most have characteristic dark circular 
spots scattered over the body length. As the larvae mature. they construct tunnels or burrows through the thatch, 
sometimes extending into the soil. The name sod webworm is derived from their habit of lining these tunnels with webs of silk-like material they produce. The 
larvae do not place webbing on the turf surface. Feeding and consequent damage is done only 
at night. Some species chew off grass blades close to the plant crown and pull them into the tun-nels where they are eaten. The tropical sod webworm chews 
notches along the sides of the grass blade. If feeding is exten-sive during dry weather, the plants may be killed. Life cycle. Female moths drop their eggs on the turf as they fly over the turf at dusk. Eggs hatch in a week to 10 days. At an average temperature of 78°F., about six weeks is required for development from egg to adult. The most common species on northern turfgrass Š bluegrass webworm and larger sod web-worm Š have two generations 
each year and overwinter as lar-
vae in silken webs (hibernacula) 
within the thatch. In southern dimates, species such as the tropical sod webworm have several overlapping generations each year. In south Florida, generations continue through the year. Diagnosis. Flocks of birds that frequently return to a turf area 
usually mean that sod webworms or other larvae are present. Further evidence of bird activity is probe holes left by birds searching for larvae. Close examination of the turf in such 
areas either reveals larvae, or the green pellets of excrement 
(frass) left by them. An effective method of detec-tion is to mix one tablespoon of one to two percent pyrethrins (a common garden insecticide) in one gallon of water and apply the solution uniformly over one square yard of turf. The solution irritates the larvae which soon come to the surface. A fairly ef-fective substitute for pyrethrins is lA cup of powdered household detergent. Cutworms. Cutworms are the larvae of nightflying moths two 
to three times larger than sod webworm moths. The two 
species most common in turf-grasses are the black cutworm and bronzed cutworm. The lar-vae feed at night on grass blades which they chew off close to the base of the plant. The black cutworm is pale gray to olive black without dis-tinct stripes or marking. It does 
have one narrow pale stripe on the upper surface. The bronzed cutworm is dark brown black above, pale on the underside and has a distinct bronze sheen. The 
upper surface of the body has three narrow yellow stripes and a broad pale white-yellow stripe on each side. When mature, the larva are 1 Vi inches to two inches long and have a dark brown to brownish-gray head. The adults of these cutworms are robust, 
hairy moths, brownish tan to grayish in color with wingspread of 1 Vi inches. The front wings are darker than the hind pair and A lot of our customers have been wanting a mid-sized mower that's built tough to take it, and that's highly maneuverable at the same time. So our engineers came up with the amazing Turf cat. It's amazing because it's absolutely packed with features that help you get your medium-sized mowing jobs done faster and better than ever. First, you have a choice of a 50" or 60" deck. (They're interchangeable.) Fully articulated, they closely follow ground contours so you get a smooth, even cut with practically no scalping. Deck design lets you trim close, and also gives super clipping dispersion. The deck raises and lowers hydraulically for curb climbing and transport. And you can adjust cutting height from 1" to 4". Then, the three-wheel, wide track design gives the Turfcat great stability on slopes. And the foot-operated hydrostatic drive lets you steer and maneuver while changing speeds or going from forward to reverse. How about hill climbing? It's a breeze with the power delivered by the husky 18-HP Kohler overhead valve engine. And you can expect a long engine life filled with good fuel economy. Plus, the Turfcat is quiet. All controls are within easy reach. And it might very well be the most comfortable riding rotary in the world. Ask your Jacobsen distributor for a Turfcat demonstration. And have him explain about the many fine features that customers want. The more you listen to what he has to say, the more you'll know we've been listening. We hear you. JACOBSEN TEXTRON Jacobsen Division of Textron Inc. Circle 119 on free information card DÛ < S >< Dû H C/D D Q g W DÛ < u z £ < TOOLS,TIRS & TECHNIQUES Components of preventative maintenance A preventative maintenance program makes it possible for lawn care operators to more accurately estimate their costs, according to Ron Turley, of Ron Turley Associates, Glendale, Ariz. Turley, who spoke at a recent ALCA Maintenance Sym-posium in Milwaukee, Wis., said, "The purpose of pre-
ventative maintenance is to keep a vehicle in satisfactory 
operating condition at the lowest possible cost." The components of a successful preventative maintenance system, according to Turley, are: Ł It must be designed around the specific vehicles it is sup-posed to maintain. Ł It must fit the conditions that these vehicles operate in. 
Ł It must change when vehicles and conditions do. He added that preventative maintenance inspections must be performed on a regular basis to be effective. Regarding record keeping, Turley said, "The PM record of an individ-ual vehicle must be examined before any service work is done to avoid repetitive maintenance, to uncover related problems, and to recheck previous adjustments and repairs." Therefore, according to Turley, a good maintenance system should: Ł Report problems: "Maintenance problems should stand out so that appropriate action can be taken rapidly." Ł Simplify solution: "Problem analysis should be easier because repetitive or major repairs should be spotlighted by 
continuous vehicle history recording." Ł Control costs: "A good system will show you immediately where something is getting out of hand and when costs are likely to go up unless action is taken at once." Ł Organize maintenance: "By highlighting high cost areas, poor utilization, inconvenience or delay, a good record system points out where you need maintenance strength." Ł Reduce labor: "Good records pinpoint repetitive mainte-nance and unscheduled shop visits." Ł Decide specifications: "With a complete vehicle history it's easier to determine component strengths/weaknesses." Ł Save dollars: "This is the ultimate goal of any good main-tenance record system. It helps you retain more of your pre-sent income as profit." TURF TYPE PERENNIAL RYEGRASS There's a reason why Fiesta has become one of the most popular varieties in such a short time. To find out why ask your local seed dealer or write: PICKSEED WEST, Inc. BOX 888, TANGENT, OREGON 97389 (503) 926-8886 Write 150 on free information card MEETINGS Atlantic Seedsmen group elects new president Charles Kindsvater was recently elected presi-dent of the Atlantic Seedsmen's Association at their 27th Annual Meeting in Warwick, Bermuda. Kindsvater is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School. He started in the seed business in 1946 and in May of 1980 he will complete 34 years in the trade. Thirty-two of those Immediate Past President John Morrissey (leftJ and Dale Kern, of Seed Technology, attended the 27tn An-nual Atlantic Seedsmen's Association in Warwick, Bermuda. years were spent with the W. Atlee Burpee Com-pany, Warminster, Pennsylvania. Since then he has been operating the Otis S. Twilley Seed Company in Trevose, Pennsylvania, a mail-order vegetable and flower seed company. Other officers elected at the meeting were: first vicepresident, D.L. Gruenbaum, O.M. Scott Com-pany, Marysville, Ohio; second vice-president, Robert Wetsel, Wetsel, Seed Company, Harrison-burg, Virginia; secretary, Randall Pope, John Zuelzer & Son, Manhasset, New York; and treasurer, John Glattly, Whitney-Dickinson Seeds, Incorporated, Buffalo, New York. In addition to the Immediate Past President John Morrissey, Loft-Pedigreed Seed, Incor-porated, Bound Brook, New Jersey, two members of the executive committee were also elected: Wiliam Feury, Jr., Terre Company of New Jersey, Saddle Brook, New Jersey, and G. William Hill, 
George W. Hill Company, Florence, Kentucky. Hypro sprayer pumps Choose from a wide range of pump designs and materials to suit your requirements: cast-iron, Ni-Resist and bronze pump housings... even nickel plating on piston pumps. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Series 9200. Output to 124 gpm. Pressures to 70 psi. Speed of 4200 rpm. Send for your FREE Sprayer Pump Handbook ISI .^ŁŁF W A DIVISION OF LEAR SIEGLER INC 319 Fifth Ave NW. St Paul. MN 55112* (612)633-9300 PISTON PUMPS Series 5200 Big Twin 10 gpm output at 400 psi with 6 hp engine Series 5400 4-Cylinder 25 gpm output at 600 psi ROLLER PUMPS Choice of nylon, polypropylene or rubber rollers. Series 6500 7.6 gpm at 100 psi 6 gpm at 200 psi 4 hp gas engine Other models up to 44 gpm at 50 psi. usually have various light and dark markings. Life cycle. Adult moths lay their eggs at night on the turf-grass surface. The larvae feed at night, hiding in the thatch and soil during the day. The number of generations each year varies with the location. In the northern states, the black cutworm prob-ably overwinters as a pupa in the soil and has three generations. The bronzed cutworm over-winters as an egg that hatches in late February. Small larvae are often the first found, usually in 
April. There is one generation each year. Diagnosis. Birds, particularly starlings, have a keen ability to locate cutworms and other cater-
pillars in turf. When these birds return frequently to a given area, leaving probe holes, larvae are usually present. Examination of the feeding area usually reveals cutworms or green excrement pellets left by the feeding larvae. These fecal pellets are often three times larger than those of the sod webworm larvae. Solu-tions of pyrethrins or detergent brings larvae to the surface. Armyworms. Like cutworms, armyworms are the larval stage of night-flying moths three times larger than those of the sod web-worm. There are two important species. The true armyworm is an occasional pest in northern states but commonly a serious pest of southern turfgrasses. The 
larvae vary in color from gray to yellowish green and are clearly marked with light stripes. When mature, they are IV2 to two inches long and have gray to yellowish heads. The fall army-worm has a characteristic white inverted "Y" marking on the 
front and head capsule. The lar-vae frequently feed in one area, then migrate, in mass, to another 
during the night, thus the name "armyworm." Life cycle. Adult moths of armyworms deposit eggs in 
masses on grasses and other plants. The larvae feed at night, 
and hide in the thatch during the day. In areas like southern Florida where no freezing oc-curs, all stages may be present during the year. The fall armyworm is a serious southern pest that migrates. Occasionally, larvae from eggs laid by adults that migrate to northern states cause severe damage to northern turf-
grass. In 1977 this occurred as far north as Minneapolis. None of the life stages overwinter in the north. The armyworm occurs throughout the United States. In northern climates, larvae 
overwinter in soil or debris. 
Adults lay eggs on turf in May. There are three generations each year. Diagnosis. The methods described for sod webworm and cutworms are also effective in 
detecting armyworm infesta-tions. Chinchbugs. Two species of chinchbugs are considered im-portant pests of turf. The hairy chinchbug, a pest of northern turfgrasses, causes severe damage to bluegrasses, fine fescues and bentgrass. The southern chinchbug feeds on Chinchbugs generally occur in scattered patches rather than being evenly distributed over the turf. Sunny areas are most heavily infested with populations often reaching 200 to 300 per square foot. bermudagrass and zoysiagrass, but is primarily a serious pest of St. Augustinegrass. Chinchbugs generally occur in scattered patches rather than 
being evenly distributed over the turf. Sunny areas are most heavily infested with popula-tions often reaching 200-300 per square foot. Plant injury occurs as a result of the insect sucking 
fluids from the plant and at the same time injecting salivary fluids into the plant. The presence of the salivary fluid 
disrupts the water-conducting system of the plant, causing it to wilt, then turn yellow and brown. Injury is particularly severe when heavy infestations occur in turf that is dormant from moisture stress. Such dry con-ditions are particularly con-ducive to chinchbug growth and population development. Adult chinchbugs are 1/5 inch long, black with white wings 
folded over the back. The wings 
of some extend to the tip of the abdomen, but others extend only halfway to the tip. The nymphs (immature states) range from 1/20 inch long, soon after hatching, to nearly the size of an adult. Upon hatching, nymphs are bright red with a distinct white band on the abdomen. This color changes first to orange, then orange-brown, then black as 
the numph goes through five growth stages. Each of these stages inflicts injury on the turf. Life cycle. Adult chinchbugs insert eggs in the lower leaf sheaths of grasses. The number of eggs laid is known to range from 233 to 289 per female. The development of eggs and stages thereafter is directly de-pendent upon temperature Š 
and therefore location Š in the United States. One generation 
may take six weeks at 83°F. and 17 weeks at 70°F. In south Florida and Louisiana, generations may 
be continuous with up to seven generations each year; ihree to four generations in north Florida; two generations in Ohio; and one in an area such as Rochester, N.Y. In southern regions, to page 44 Singlehanded, you can whip fuel and labor costs with EXCEL HUSTLER pure motion at your fingertips. To groundskeeping pros. EXCEL HUSTLER means MowerŠand MoreŠevery season. Two hydrostatic pumps transmit direct to drive wheels instantly in response to fingertip touch on twin hand levers. Dual pumps work only half as hard, last many seasons longer for added value and less downtime. But there's More: Instant pure motion moves the big mowers easily around trees, park benches, markers, and other mowing headaches. EXCEL HUSTLER owners mow More acres per hour. More grass per gallon, More years per mower! The Mower delivers a super cut on fine turf or rough Choose air-cooled 275 or 285; liquid cooled 295. Standard or heavy duty 72" rotary, 54" rotary, or 60" flail. More turf and grounds attachments: Cultivator, Catcher/Compactor, Edger, Dozer Blade. Rotary Broom, amazingly efficient Snow Thrower. Add ROPS: enclose cab for winter comfort; Tilt-Deck Trailer for transporting. And More! Factory trained service and parts through your EXCEL HUSTLER Distributor. Write or call for his name and free literature, or watch for a field demo. GSA GS-07S-04916 HUD OPH <CO)m-293<) Mower and More, the choice of the pros. HMSTLER Ł"Łac: :Ł ? t Turf & Grounds Equipment i - Ł M 1 1 Excel Industries, Inc. Ł Box 727 Ł Hesston, Kansas 67062 Ł (316) 327-4911 Ł (800) 835-3260 > z o > 70 m Z a c C/3 H 70 >< 2 > 70 OC < >< OC 
H CD D D z w a: < u z è < chinchbugs remain active during the winter months, but in north-ern areas they become inactive and go into a resting stage (diapause). In Ohio, these adults become active again in March and early April, laying eggs in May that develop into damaging 
populations in July and August. They produce another genera-tion in September which develops into adults that move from the turf to nearby sheltered areas for overwintering. While 
adult chinchbugs are capable of flight, crawling is their primary means of mobility. Diagnosis. Infestations of chinchbug are often masked by the general drouthy appearance of turfgrass when under mois-ture stress. If adults are present, 
they are often seen wandering across sidewalks or driveways on warm afternoons. Close exami-nation of the turfgrass, particu-
larly thatch, usually exposes the insects. Chinchbugs are susceptible to infection by a fungus disease Beauvaria sp. The fungus is most infectious when the turf has moisture adequate for good growth. When moist conditions occur during the second genera-tion in Ohio, for example, popu-lations can be reduced dras-tically by the fungus. Ł1 Ł Chinchbugs are susceptible to infection by a fungus disease Beauvaria sp. The fungus is most infec-tious when the turf has moisture adequate for 
good growth. Another effective method of detection is to remove both ends of an empty coffee can, cut the rim off one end and push the sharp edge two to three inches into the turf in an area where chinchbugs are suspected. Fill the can with water and wait a few minutes. If chinchbugs are 
present, they will float to the sur-face. The tiny red nymphs may be difficult to see. Adult billbugs. Adults of most billbugs are gray to black weevils 
with a distinct snout that has 
chewing mouth parts at the tip. 
All of their adult life is spent in thatch except in northern areas where some adults move to sheltered areas to overwinter. Though the adults feed on grass stems, occasionally chewing transverse holes through them, the damage inflicted is usually minor compared to that from the larvae. Some lay eggs in feeding 
holes and others chew slits in the stems, just above the crown, and deposit eggs in them. Effective chemical control programs can focus on removing adults before eggs are laid. Such 
efforts can be complicated in warm climates where genera-tions may be continuous or overlapping. Scale insects. In addition to the soil-inhabiting ground pearl, two other species of scale insects are important pests of southern In southern regions, chinchbugs remain active during the winter months, but in northern areas they become inactive. In Ohio, these adults become active again in March and early April, laying eggs in May that develop into damaging populations in July and August. turfgrasses Š the rhodesgrass scale and bermudagrass scale. The body of the rhodesgrass scale is more or less spherical, 
dark and covered with a cottony material secreted by the insect. These masses are VH inch in diamater and usually found in 
clusters or colonies on the crown of the rhodesgrass plants. These 
clusters usually have hair-like structures (excretory filaments) extending from them. The insects suck plant fluids from the grass for food. The bermudagrass scale has an oval, white pa per-like covering 1/15 inch in diamater covering the insect. These scales are usually clustered at the nodes of grass stems, where they suck juices from the plant. Ijife cycle. Adult females lay eggs within the secreted 
covering. The young (crawlers) spread throughout the turf, begin feeding and secreting a cover over themselves. As the covering develops, the scale loses its legs 
and antennae. Males of these species are usually smaller and are winged. Generations of both species are generally continuous. Diagnosis. Damage symptoms are weakened, yellowish turf which often turns brown as though short of moisture. 
Damaged stems usually show lit-tle new growth. Infested grass appears covered with mold. Mites. Mites are not insects; all have eight legs and are 
closely related to spiders. Though the winter grain mite has been known to cause some in-jury, serious damage from this is apparently uncommon on north-
ern turfgrasses. In the South, the bermudagrass mite is a serious pest. This mite is extremely small, the largest being only 
1/125 inch long. They are not 
visible to the naked eye and are 
often carried by other insects frequenting turf. Only bermuda-grass is affected by this mite. Life cycle. The life cycle of this mite requires about one week for completion. Eggs, laid under the leaf sheath, hatch quickly in warm weather. The mites feed in this area by the hundreds, sucking fluids from "Here are the 5 most important things your fertilizer bag won't tell you J » Dr. George R. McVey Senior Scotts Researcher i, O.M. Scott & Sons Co., Marysvillc, Ohio 43040. All rights reserved. the plant. Infested stems turf yel-low, then brown and die. Diagnosis. Mite feeding causes shortening of the stem in-ternodes, causing tufts or rosettes to appear at these loca-tions. Examination of leaf sheaths with a high-magnification (10 power or more) hand lens reveals the creamy white, worm-like mites. Greenbug. The greenbug is an aphid, well recognized as a pest 
of small grains and sorghum in the central and southwestern states. Although scattered references to this aphid on 
perennial bluegrass date back to 1912, it was not considered a serious pest until the early 1970's, when noticeable damage was reported in Illinois and in Dayton, Ohio. Since then, severe 
injury has increased sharply in these states and damage has been reported in Indiana and Wisconsin. Some lawn care firms in Dr. Niemczyk is widely respected for the variety of research he conducts at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, Ohio. southern Ohio report that an average of two to three repeat 
applications of insecticide was required to keep damage under 
control last year. In cases where infestations were not controlled, damage was so severe that part or all of the lawn had to be replaced. The greenbug is a soft-bodied insect, 1/16 inch long, light green with a darker green stripe down I44Nitrogen chemistry is complex.'9 "Nitrogen's important because it's the nutrient a grass plant utilizes in the largest amounts. Since 
soluble nitrogen sources can only feed the turf for a short period of time, the challenge is to combine 
the sources that best contribute to quick green-up, long-lasting residual and turf safety. The analysis on your fertilizer bag is giving you minimum nitrogen 
content...it's not telling you how, or how well, your turf will be fed. For that kind of information, you have to consider the chemistry of the fertilizer molecule." Methylene Urea fertilizers work this wayŠthey're feeding your turf what it needs, when it needs it. You get healthy, good-looking turf...and you may not have to fertilize as often." 3"The lower the Salt Index, the lower the burn potential.99 "If you burn your grass, at best it has to start growing all over again. Knowing your fertilizer's Salt Index can minimize the risk. The lower it is, the safer you are. The Salt Index is directly related to the manufacturer's choice of 
nutrients and the production process...and there are substantial differences among the Salt Indexes of different products. Unfortunately, it's something 
you'll never find on a bag label." Ł Łt Nitrogen release from Methylene Urea can be controlled by altering the chemical structure of the molecule. 244Nitrogen should be releasing when your grass plant needs it the most." "Of all the ways nitrogen can be released to your grass plant, one of the most efficient is through microbial degradation of a complex nitrogen-containing molecule. As temperature stimulates plant growth, it also stimulates the microbes which break down the nitrogen and make it available to your turf. A good controlled-release fertilizer solves the feast or famine problem. A fertilizer can literally draw water from within the grass blade, causing it to collapse and burn. 4"To be truly efficient, a fertilizer must spread properly." "Improved production processes are replacing mechanical mixes, and use of the term "homoge-neous" is becoming commonŠ maybe too common. Remember, a truly homogeneous product 
contains individual granules of uniform density, size range and 
nutrient composition. Once you're assured they won't gum up in high humidity or blow away in the wind, you can be really confident that all your nutrients are being spread evenly." Controlling the fertilizer density, particle size range and nutrient composition makes even distribution possible. 5"If your fertilizer can9t supply what your turf needs, you're wasting the fertilizer, time and money." "You can achieve maximum performance from your turf when all essential nutrients in the soil 
are available and in proper balance. Excesses and deficiencies can interrupt the uptake of fertilizer nutrients, 
reducing turf density and quality. A comprehensive soil test, accurately interpreted, is one sure way to determine all your nutrient needs...and eliminate the guesswork." A comprehensive soil test, accurately interpreted, is one sure way to determine all your nutrient needs...and eliminate the guesswork." Scotts research and experience can help keep you in control of your lawn care program. For more information, contact your Scotts Tech Rep or call Scotts ProTùrf at 513-644-0011. Professional M (Dr. McVey's remarks are drawn from extensive university and Scotts research. For detailed, comparative reports, contact your Tech Rep.) the back. The legs are green ex-cept for the tips, which are black. Two short tubes extend out behind the aphid. Feeding is ac-complished by insertion of the 
piercing mouthpart into the grass blade to suck out plant fluids. Salivary fluids are also injected 
into the plant, causing the tissue 
around the probe point to die. Life cycle. The life cycle of the greenbug on bluegrass has never been studied, therefore, 
information on the overwin-tering stage, if any, is not known. Lawn care firms report popula-tions begin to appear in late June and may continue to November 
if the fall is extended. Greenbugs give birth to live young, most of which are female. 
Optimum temperature for development is 75°F. A newly 
born aphid can begin producing young after 7 to 10 days. Mating is not necessary for repro-
duction. Winged forms are pro-duced in the fall. Diagnosis. Although damage is frequently first noted in the shaded areas under trees in the yard (however, it is not a tree Irrigation following application of granular insecticedes is essen-tial to move the insecti-cide off the granules and into the thatch, therefore, only a light irrigation is needed. aphid), it also often occurs in open, sunny areas of the lawn. Probing and injection of salivary fluids by the aphid causes dead 
leaf tissue to turn yellow to light orange, then darker orange, and finally to brown as the plant dies. Examination of infested turf reveals 20 to 30 or more aphids 
on the grass blade. Population of 2,000 to 3,000 aphids per square foot are common on infested lawns. Lady beetles, orange with black spots on the back, are often seen feeding on the aphids in 
such lawns. Control: Application of the target principle Control of leaf- , stem- and thatch-inhabiting pests is less difficult to achieve than control 
of those inhabiting the soil. The principle of controlling this group of pests is the direct op-posite of that for soil pests. In this case, the objective is to leave the insecticide on the leaves, stems and thatch. Con-
trol of the target pest is accom-plished in the following ways: (1) Initial contact of the insecticide with the insect; (2) Future contact of the insect with insecti-cide residue left on the thatch, by the insect feeding on treated foliage, or a combination of both. Initial contact. Liquid ap-plications have the greatest im-
pact on the insect population within the first 24 to 48 hours af-ter application. Insects are either killed by initial contact with the 
insecticide the day application is (o page z n > 70 m Z a c CD H 70 2 > 70 oc < s oc H CO D Q Z w < u z £ < made or the night following treatment by contact with residual and consumption of treated foliage. The latter is par-ticularly important for chewing insects such as cutworms, sod webworms, armyworms, etc. The initial impact of granular treatment is less than that from liquids because the insecticide is applied dry. Contact begins only when the granule absorbs mois-ture, and releases the insecti-cide. For this reason, granular formulations are not effective 
against pests such as aphids or mites unless the insecticide is systemic. Future contact. The residual activity of liquids and granules have their respective advantages and limitations in terms of con-trol beyond the first 24 to 48 hours after application. In addition to providing in-itial control of leaf and stem pests, liquids leaves residues 
that remain in the thatch, pro-viding control of thatch inhabi-tants for some time. The length of 
this residual activity is, however, generally shorter than that for 
granules. The reasons for the longer residual with granules is: They are deposited in the thatch where, unlike liquids on the foliage, they are protected from light which rapidly breaks down the insecticide; also, insecticide is leached off granules over a period of time which usually ex-ceeds the length of residual ac-tivity from liquids. Generally, the length of residual varies considerably with the insecticide and environ-mental conditions under which it is used. For most insecticides, data expressing residual as parts per million (ppm) over time have 
been obtained. However, the practical meaning of these data, in terms of actual impact on in-sect populations in a lawn, is not understood, particularly where the influence of diminishing resi-dues on insects that survive the initial impact of the treatment is concerned. Recent data taken from 17 Ohio home lawns treated by a lawn care firm shows these diminishing residues were im-portant in removing chinchbug that survived the treatment and those that hatched 10 to 14 days after treatment. Application objectives. The objective of liquid application is to deposit insecticide on the foliage and thatch to the depth frequented by the target pest. The volume of liquid applied must be adequate for complete and uniform coverage. Coarse should be used. The initial objective of granular application is to get the material as deeply into the thatch as possible. To do so, the foliage should be dry so the granules fall off easily. Post-treatment irrigation. The advisability of irrigation follow-
ing liquid application depends upon the target pest. If the insect is one which lives on the foliage and stems (bermudagrass mite, greenbug) or one that consumes the foliage (cutworms, army-worms, sod webworms) irriga-tion and mowing should be delayed for at least 24 to 48 hours after application. This allows time for contact activity and con-The advisability of irrigation following liquid application depends upon the target pest. If the in-sect is one which lives on the foliage and stems or one that consumes the foliage, irrigation and mow-ing should be delayed for at least 24 to 48 hours af-ter application. Tnis allows time for contact ac-
tivity and consumption of treated foliage. ŁŁi^HHHHH sprays are best because they pro-duce minimal drift. When the thatch or surface soil is very dry, irrigation the day before treat-ment helps facilitate movement of the liquid into the thatch. The volume needed is also dependent upon the nature and density of the thatch. Thatch in southern turfgrasses such as St. Augustinegrass is dense and deeper than those of northern turfgrasses. In order to penetrate 
the deeper thatch, a volume of 20 to 40 gallons per 1,000 square feet is essential. Volumes less than that are simply inadequate. On northern turfgrasses, thatch is usually one inch or less. Under 
these conditions, three to four gallons per 1,000 square feet sumption of treated foliage. If the primary target is a thatch inhabitant (chinchbug, adult billbug) and the volume ap-plied is four gallons per 1,000 square feet, a light irrigation is 
sometimes helpful if done before the spray dries. When large volumes of spray are applied, post-treatement irrigation is not necessary. Rainfall or irrigation a week or so after treatment can 
briefly reactivate the insecticide residue in the thatch. Irrigation following applica-tion of granular insecticides is essential to move the insecticide off the granules and into the thatch, therefore, only a light irrigation (Vs inch or so) is needed. Excess irrigation only reduces the residual in the zone occupied by the target pest. Insecticide selection. The in-itial decision whether or not to 
include an insecticide in the treatment program of a lawn care business, or to discontinue 
or change insecticides, is an im-portant one. The basis for such a decision must be the occurrence of insect pests in the market area covered and the extent to which 
they are responsible for turf damage. In other words, will it really make a difference? If the answer is "yes," the next step is to select an insecti-
cide which is safe and effective 
against the target pests and yet is 
within the realm of economic feasibility. The question is which insecticide meets these criteria 
and is labled for that purpose? Much preliminary in-formation can be gained on this point from discussions with other lawn care firms, and pesti-cide sales persons in the area. 
However, once such local 
information is obtained, it should be discussed, preferably in per-son, with an entomologist familiar with turfgrass insects of the area and the principles of in-secticides and their activity in turf. Such a consultation should provide the businessman with sufficient knowledge to form the basis for a decision on which material to use. Insecticides and other means of insect control will change with new research findings and as use and label limitations permit. However, the principles under-lying achievement of successful control will not change. Current 
information and lists of recom-mended materials are available 
from the state extension services. 
For this reason, reference or recommendation of specific in-secticides was generally avoided 
in this article. [left to right Overwintered bluesrass billbug adults (A) resume activity in early April. Beginning in May trie females insert eggs singly into stems one to three mm above the crown. The eggs produce larvae that first feed Ł on the stem, then move to the crown frequently killing the plant (B. Dead frass plants give the lawn a "pocked" appearance (C). Spring and fall in-ections by Beauvaria sp. provides some natural control (D. bttd (left to right) Populations of red-orange chinchbug nymphs (A) increase rapialy during June. Damage from the first generation can be masked by summer drought [BJ and become apparent only after late summer rains begin (CJ. Moist turf during development of the second generation incre-ases infectivity of the fungus Beauvaria sp., which destroys many chinchbugs (D) reducing their damage potential during September. T M SOPlfesSOil Gypsum adds profitable extra sales to your lawn care business! ma Sofn-SoilŽ Lawn & Garden Gypsum is a natural soil conditioner you can depend on to help 
boost your business two ways, two times a year. In Spring, application of Sof'n-Soil gypsum helps make fertilizers work more effectively all season long by loosening up heavy clay. This allows root systems to develop normally to keep lawns thriving all summer. In Fall, application of Sof'n-Soil gypsum works like health insurance to protect against the harmful effects of winter de-icing salt. Sodium chloride is toxic to most plants, causes heavy clay soils to tighten, keeps water from leaching out the salt. The available calcium in Sof'n-Soil gypsum replaces toxic sodium attached to the clay soil particles, permits new 
seed or sod to grow normally. Look into the multi-profit opportunities of adding Sof'n-Soil gypsum 
benefits to your services. Remind ecologically-conscious prospects that Sof'n-Soil gypsum is non-toxic, noncaustic, harmless to plants, pets and people. Ł For specifics, write to us at 101 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, III. 60606, Dept. LCI-380. Circle 108 on free Information card $ # B if mmm .7 A I: Ł Ł/X w . OFKS like miilforisof tiny hoes Nurail CHEMICALS DIVISION UNITED STATES GYPSUM 48 o oc OS OC < ÎH OC H CD 5 z to OC < u z < Industry Photo Review An architect's model shows the view of John Deere's new worldwide industrial training center facility in Davenport, Iowa. The 55,000-square-foot builiaing will use solar energy to reduce annual heating bills by as much as 40 percent, according to Deere engineers. Completion is scheduled for December of 1980. HANCOCK^ Peter Loft, of Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc., Bound Brook, New Jersey, takes time out to become a friend of the ovine model used for the in-troduction of RAM I Kentucky blueerass. Lofts Pedigreed Seed and lacklin Seed Company recently launched an advertising campaign publicizing RAM I. Don and Duane Jacklin, of Jacklin Seed Company, Post Falls, Idaho, ex-amine the plans for the giant expansion the company began in February. The 
new warehouse will be one of northern Idaho's biggest buildings. The building is slated to house Jacklin's largest anticipated crop in history. Those participating in ground breaking ceremonies for Michigan State University's new Hancock Turf Field include: (left to right] Dr. Dale Harpstead, department chairman, Crop and Soil Sciences; Dr. John Kaufman, assistant professor, Crops and Soil Sciences; and Dr. foe Vargas, associate professor, Botany and Plant Pathology. The Charles Machine Works, Inc. has opened a new engi-neering center in the latest expansion of its headquarters and 
manufacturing plant in Perry, Oklahoma. The company makes Ditch Witch underground construction equipment. The engineering center is housed in two buildings: a two-level office facility ana a development and testing building. Total area is about 50,000 square feet. The office houses all engineering and support personnel, including design, drafting, technical data sup-port, product proving and testing, research and development, 
product safety, and specialty engineering. The development and testing facility has the capability of in-house prototype fabrica-
tion. An outdoor test area has a testing pad and two test pits equipped with tie-downs, external fuel, and hydraulic outlets. Testing can be controlled and monitored from the indoor control room. PRODUCTS String trimmer with solid-state ignition The Model 3000 SS string trim-mer, from The Green Machine, features solid-state ignition and a two-cycle, 1.2-horsepower 
engine. A variety of quick-change metal blades are 
available. The unit is also a high-
production tree pruner and brush cutter. Circle 208 on free information card Gas-powered blower The Green Machine Model 2600 gas-powered blower features a well-padded harness system and a 22.5cc engine which produces air jet speeds of 120 miles per hour. The blower weighs 14.3 pounds. Circle 201 on free information card Portable sprayer for follow-ups, call backs Porta-Spray, a chemically inert pump-spray system which dis-penses a wide variety of fluids, is well suited for spot spraying and 
follow-ups, services typically of-fered by lawn care businessmen. 
Fluids can be dispensed in a fine 
particulate mist or a jet spray 
pattern. Further, Porta-Spray holds 3 V2 pints of straight or blended fluids calibrated on 0.5 pint increments. Circle 206 on free information card Long-life flail mower cuts close to walls A British-made, heavy-duty flail mower has two unique features: floating links enabling 12-inch oscillation and a facility for cutting close to barriers. The 72 HD Turbomower, from Turner International Limited, has been designed for long, trouble-free service for cutting grass and scrub in rough conditions. Turbomaster's floating link suspension allows it to follow the contours of undulating ground, thereby reducing wear on linkage points. Further, the machine's five-and-one-half-
inch diameter steel rotor has a three-eighths-inch thick wall. It is also dynamically balanced and 
fitted with spring steel cutters at-tached by spring steel shackles. Drive is through a heavy-duty bevel gearbox and a cross shaft with double universal coupling to four final drive belts with self-
adjusting tensioning. The mower 
also works well behind a tractor because its 72-inch width is ap-proximately tractor-size. For maximum safety, the machine has 12 independent front steel flaps in one-eighth-inch mild steel plate and a full width guard of reinforced rubber is fitted at the rear. Circle 215 on free information card Front-mounted mowers for diesel tractors Bunton Co. offers the first diesel tractor for front-mounted rotary mowers. The 30-horsepower diesel tractor reduces fuel consumption and increases engine life. Front-mounted mulching or side-discharge rotary mower attach-ments in 61-inch and 71-inch cut-ting widths are also available from Bunton. Circle 201 on free information card Echo gasoline trimmer Echo, Inc. has introduced a powerful, precision-balanced gasoline trimmer, the SRM-200, for commercial grass trimming and brush cutting. The SRM-200 is designed with a quality two-stroke, single-cycle, air-cooled gasoline engine. The cutter also features a .080-inch dual line monofilament head and it comes equipped with a guard. Circle 216 on free information card (o page 51 The Jr. Sod Cutter RWUM TURF-CARE EQUIPMENT Day-In, Day-Out Performance. 3054 Cushman P.O. Box 82409 Lincoln. NE 68501 18-horsepower tractor An 18-horsepower tractor featuring a twin-cylinder Briggs & Stratton engine has been introduced by Gilson Brothers Co. 
For fine lawn grooming, a 42-inch, threeblade rear discharge mower is 
available. The mower discharges grass 
clippings through a chute located between the rear wheels for pickup by a standard pull-behind sweeper. Because there is no side chute, trimming along fences and shrubs can be done' from either side to save time maneuvering. A side discharge, three-blade mower is also available in 42-
and 48-inch widths. Circle 205 on free information card I FIVE DESIGNS IN | DEPENDABILITY If you've been looking for a quality lawn-mower to stand up to the tough job you have, take a good look at the Bob-Cat. These machines have been designed to meet the specific needs of your industry. If you want dependability, ease of operation and minimal maintenance in lawnmowing, you'll want to take a good look at the Bob-Cat. You're a profes-sional, and the Bob-Cat is a professional piece of equip-ment. Try one and we know you'll have purr-fect pride in its per-formance. Get The Best... Get A Send for Free Information Today! WISCONSIN MARINE, INC. 1 Bob-Cat Lane. Johnson Creek. Wl 53038 Circle 126 on free information card There just isn't another sod cutter built like Ryan's. This is the Ryan® Jr. Sod Cutter. The latest in a line that started 24 years ago. Naturally, we've made quite a few improvements since then, but today's Jr. Sod Cutter delivers the same, everyday dependability and reliable performance that made our first model so popular. 
Here's why. (1) It has simple, one-man operation; (2) Hand lever heavy-duty gear box is 
built to last year after year; (6) Self-propelled action lets you cut up to 135 feet of sod 
per minute. With operating costs getting higher all the time, you need to get the most out of every hour's wage you pay. That takes a depend-
able crew, using depend-able equipment. Like the controls set the cutting 
depth up to 2Vi>"; (3) A rugged /-hp engine delivers plenty of power; (4) You can 
choose 12" or 18" 
width models; (5) Its Ryan Jr. Sod Cutter. Ask your Ryan dealer for a demonstration, and see for yourself 
how we build a sod cutter. 80-CUR-5 Circle 127 on free Infor Eight good reasons to join the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. l. "An annual national lawn care convention for the professional exchange of new ideas and operating know-how, and a chance to meet with suppliers." Rick White, Village Green Lawn Spraying, West Chicago, 111. "Consumer education ... informing potential customers of the advantages of lawn care and 
the importance of putting the proper care of lawns into the hands of dedicated, trained, 
skilled professionals." Tom Brune, Atwood Lawn Spray, Sterling Heights, Mich. 3. "Conferences, clinics and workshops aimed at continuing management education for today's business climate and conditions relating to the lawn care industry." Jim Kelly, Keystone Lawn Spray, Wayne, Pa. 4. 5. "Government relations... PLCAA, as a 
spokesman for the entire industry, can present 
our interests with greater force and effectiveness than can an individual company. Government legislation is going to affect our 
industry more and more, and we have to make our needs known." Ronnie Zwiebel, Chem-Care Lawn Service, Birmingham, Ala. "Specially designed training programs for sales, service and supervisory employes of member firms to teach the fundamentals of business, customer relations, lawn care technology and the importance of economics to business success." Gordon Ober, Davey Lawnscape Service, Kent, Ohio "Establishment of acceptable technical, ethical 
and safety standards to guide existing lawn care businesses and newcomers to the industry." Dr. Paul Schnare, Atkins Lawn Care, Columbia, Mo. 7. "Association funding for the specific research and development we need for the lawn care industry." Frank Stevens, Pro-Lawn-Plus, Baltimore, Md. "Surveys to enable each PLCAA member 
company to compare its performance against the average performance of all member 
companies and to compare business performance factors, such as sales volume, profit, investment and growth." Marty Erbaugh, Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, Ohio These are only some of the things the lawn care industry as a whole can accomplish through the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. Ours is a young industry, we need to be recognized as professionals and the experts we are. We need to get the word out about the lawn care industry to potential customers, suppliers to the industry and to government at the local, state and federal level. We can't do it alone. We need the support of the entire lawn care industry if we are to realize our goals. Tell me more. The Professional Lawn Care Association is off and running. Together we can make things happen. Grow with PLCAA. Complete this application for further information and mail it today. NAME COMPANY _ STREET CITY TITLE. -STATE--ZIP. PRODUCTS Modular combine spreads materials A new modular combine, from Trac'n Combo, Inc., can seed, fertilize, dispense insecticides and herbicides, and aerate all at once. The combine is designed to increase productivity and reduce costs by accomplishing several tasks in one pass. A patented drive system allows the unit to dispense and aerate in either forward or 
reverse. Other exclusive features include retractable aerator and spinner plate for travel over rough terrain or curbs. The unit will also aerate up to two inches deep and dis-pense over a five to 12-foot area. 
Materials dispensed are metered to minimize waste. The unit 
mounts directly onto any tractor and its modular design allows remarkable maneuverability, particularly in confined areas. Circle 217 on free information care Gas hedge trimmer A new gasoline hedge trimmer, the HC-140, introduced by Echo, 
Inc., features lightweigh, 10-pound construction with a 17-inch single-blade cutting action on a two-sided blade. The trim-mer is powered by the Echo air-cooled, 14cc single-cycle gasoline engine. Circle 218 on free information card Compact diesel tractor Beaver III, an optimum-efficiency compact diesel trac-tor, is available from Satoh Agri-cultural Machine Manufacturing 
Co. The tractor is powered by a three-cylinder, 47.4 cubic inch diesel engine, delivering 16.5 horsepower at 2,700 rpm's. 
Available in four-wheel drive 
with agricultural or estate tires, Beaver III offers such standard features as dual-range eight-speed selective sliding gear transmission, a Category I three-point linkage, three-step PTO, 
full instrumentation, foot and 
hand throttles, an over-running clutch, and sealed independent wheel brakes. Circle 231 on free information card Carrying cradle for portable generators Ag-Tronic has introduced a new carrying cradle to their 53 Series portable generator line. The carrying cradle is made of one-inch steel tubing with four 
neoprene feet to provide sturdier footing and better protection for the generator head. The in-troduction of this new cradle also marks the first time Ag-Tronic has offered a low-priced 53 Series unit with idle control. Idle control automatically reduces 
engine speed to idle when no power is being drawn, thereby 
extending engine life and reduc-ing fuel consumption. Eleven models are available from 1,250 to 4,500 watts. All models are available with Briggs & Stratton 
engines, rotary field design, fused circuits to protect against power overloads, and 120 volt duplex receptacle. Circle 219 on free information card Bolens diesel tractor with hydrostatic drive Bolens' new HT20 tractor of-fers the power and economy of a twin-cylinder 19.9-horsepower cast iron diesel engine, along with the added control and ease of operation with Bolens hydro-
static drive with patented treadle pedal foot control. A two-spool power-lift hydraulic attachment 
lift allows the operator to perform two operations at once 
off a shaft driven PTO for front, 
center, and rear mount attachments. Circle 220 on free information card Rear tine tiller An eight-horsepower rear tine rotary tiller with key electric 
start is offered by Yard-Man Co. 
The Model 21409 comes complete with a 12-volt battery and three-step chain drive. Further, it features five working speeds and reverse. Circle 226 on free information card to page 52 "Marketing Radar" Arthur C Nielsen, Jr. This is how the Chairman of the Board of one of the coun-try's largest marketing research firms describes the value of the Census to the nation's business community. If you own or manage a business, you are a marketer. But you can't market success-fully unless you know to whom you are selling. You must understand your con-sumer. To do this, you need accurate information about the population, and lots of it. It's easy You can get an enormous amount of this kind of valu-able marketing research data from the Census 
Bureau. All it takes is a phone call or letter. Just answer the Census All you have to do is create this information. Just an-swer it and encourage your employees to do the same. 
The more people who answer the Census, the more valid 
the information will be. So, it's in your best interest to participate. Were counting on you. Answer the Census. CENSUS'80 FpT!l A Pubfcc S^vic. ct Th« Utgum« & The Adwtwng Counal COL/TGI COST CUTTINGS Suggestions for controlling tire expenses Lawn care operators could be leaving a significant percent-age of their profits on America's highways if their tires are not being purchased and cared for properly. Therefore, ac-cording to Ron Turley, of Ron Turley Associates, Glendale, Ariz., the following guidelines should be followed: Ł Purchase tires with greater carrying capacity than is needed. Ł Purchase tires with the fewest known flats. Ł Purchase tires with the greatest recapability. Ł Purchase tires with the least rolling resistance. 100 90 50 40 O 10 20 30 40 50 Tire wear chart: Running the tire just 10% underinflated (left) can rob the tire user of 7% of its tire life (bottom). Turley, who spoke at the popular ALCA Maintenance Sym-posium in Milwaukee, Wis. this past November, said steel belted radials have "far fewer" flats than conventional tires. "They resist punctures more readily and have greater carry-
ing capacities," he said. Turley also had some interesting observations about tire wear. "Running a tire just ten percent underinflated can rob the tire user of seven percent of its tire life," he said. Lawn tractors feature hydrostatic drive John Deere & Company's line of 300 series lawn and garden tractors feature hydrostatic drive and hydraulic equipment lift. The Model 314 is powered by a 14-horsepower cast iron engine that is isolated to reduce vibration. Drum-type brakes on each rear wheel are ac-tivated by a single pedal. The Model 317 is powered by a twin cylinder engine and features a dual-function hydraulic lift system which provides fingertip con-trol of front-, mid-, and rear-mounted equipment. Both the 314 and 317 feature hydrostatic drive with one-lever control of direction and speed. A number of attachments are also available including a thatcher, cultivator, landscape rake, lawn vac, broadcast spreader, and sprayer. A dump cart, lawn sweeper, rear blade with scarifier, and tow-behind sweeper are also offered. Circle 225 on free information card PRODUCTS Hem Fori980! BÙNTÒN ZW-POWERED 36 and 52 ROTARY MOWERS SIDE Dt&CHAAGE OA MULCHING TYPE Walk-behind mowers Bunton Co. offers walk-behind mowers in 36- and 52-inch models. The eight horsepower diesel engine is a four stroke Acme with remote control gover-nor and rope start. Circle 211 on free information card Electric start rotary mowers Two new key electric start rear-discharge rotary mowers, Models 12346 and 12306, with 22-inch and 20-inch cut respec-tively, are available from The rear drive, self-propelled, and powered by a four-horsepower engine for extra power. Circle 221 on free information card Engine-driven wing mower from Gravely An engine-driven wing mower which increases mowing capacity by 40 inches is available from Gravely. The unit, which at-taches quickly and easily to Gravely commercial grounds maintenance tractors, has the additional features of mowing a 
zero degree uncut circle and trimming within one inch of obstacles. It is powered by an 11-horsepower engine. The wing mower mounts on the left side of the tractor, giving good operator visibility and pro-viding a trimming capability that will, according to the manufac-turer, eliminate the use of aux-iliary trimming equipment in many applications. The rugged deck is mounted on its own carrying frame and floats inde-pendently from the tractor to fol-low ground contour. When used with the new 60-inch , center-mount mower, the combined cut-ting width totals 100 inches. Circle 222 on free information card Polystyrene pallets Lewisystems, an operating unit of Menasha Corporation, offer Convoy I polystyrene pallets for the lawn care industry. Unlike wooden pallets, Convoy pallets have no nails to puncture bags of fertilizer, seed, or peat. The pallets are safe, with no splinters to cut ankles, lightweight (31 pounds, and waterproof. And they save space. Empty pallets can be nested together. A stack of 32 is only 51 inches high. Circle 223 on free information card Pressure regulators A new pressure regulator designed to provide setable out-put pressure from a valve regardless of higher input pres-sures was recently introduced by the Rain Bird Manufacturing Corporation. The regulator is available with a Schrader Valve and is designated Model PRS. The regulator can withstand line pressure surges and will ease surge pressure effects on the system, providing over-pres-sure protection to downstream devices. Additionally, the regulator does not affect solenoid operation or opening 
and closing speeds of the valve. Circle 230 on free information card BUNTON COMMERCIAL LAWN-TURF EQUIPMENT ONLY $349.00 fob Factory [SPRAVÌ <VY> l\ Ł Use on lawn or garden to spray herbicide, pesticide, or liquid fertilizer Ł Connect to g»den tractor 12 volt system or to 12 volt auto battery Imtg. brackets ^included I Ł Spray boom covers 60 inch path Ł Spray hwd gun shoots solid stream up to 25 feet and has adjustable misting nozzle Ł Corrosion resistant pump and valves Ł 25 gal. poly tank DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED PS« RIM MANUFACTURING CO INC KIM MFG. CO., INC. <M 2555 SOUTHWEST BLVD DEPT LCI KANSAS CITY. MO 64108 816 221 9443 WHY YOU SHOULD OWN A HYDRO-TURF SPRAYER VERSATILITY Ł Seeds up to 5 acres in 30 minutes Ł Grows uniform stand of grass in 5 daysŠFull Turf in 25 days-replaces sod Ł Hydro Mulch & Sprig for Erosion Control Ł Applies up to 40 acres Liquid/Dry Fertilizer Ł Sprays Trees & Turf for insect & weed control Ł Portable Irrigation & Pumping System Ł Root Feed Trees & Plants HYDRO-TACK Erosion Control Agent Available PROFIT WITH LESS MANPOWER 1 machine, 2 men in 29 working days grossed $44,000. Net Profit: $32,000 MODEL 350 $3995 Dealer & Salesmen Inquires Invited NO FRANCHISE, ONLY PROFIT HYDRO-TURF RR1, Genoa. IL 60135 (815) 784 6364 MORE POWER ...for less cost per h.p.! The new 16 h.p. Bunton gives you 60% more power than the 10 h.p. model -for less than 20% more cost. Now you can cut heavier grass faster ... and have a smoother running, longer lasting engine! It's a rugged, self-propelled mulching mower with a battery start. Available in 36" and - ^ 52" cutting widths with optional I riding attachment. A complete line (50 models) of commer-cial mowers from 18" through 20'-4" cuts, from 31/2 h.p. through 19.6 h.p. 1979 GSA No GS 07S 03640 For more information send for complete full-line catalog. BUNTON CO. P. O. Box 33247 Loul&ville, KY 40232 U.S.A. 502/459-3810 Telex 204-340 NOZZLES from page 25 % % A one-quarter TT Teejet with Conejet spray tip from Spraying Systems impany. Hollow cone nozzles with internal grooves are traditionally used in lawn care insecticide applications. The hollow cone spray is specifically designed for wettable powders at high pressure with a minimum of clog-ging. However, one disadvantage with hollow cone nozzles is the spray does not produce an even distribution when used on a boom. A one-quarter Teejet with flat spray tip. A flat spray pattern is usen in a series along a boom to achieve a good, even distribution of liquid A Teejet flat spray tip. The flat spray is good for pre-emergence weed control and soil insect con-trol. In a commercial or industrial situation where boom spraying is used, a proper overlap can be achieved which, will make for even distribution of liquid with the nozzles slightly canted so that one nozzle sprays behind the 
other. MEMOS Two-dollar gasoline? Earlier this year, the editors of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY spoke with a number of lawn care busi-nessmen, some who said they had budgeted for $1.80 gas for their lawn care trucks by the end of the year. We thought maybe they were being a little alarmist, and they themself said that was the built-in cushion they had built into their budget for the lawn care season. But recent reports have energy officials worrying about further price rises on imported oil, while last December's 
OPEC increases have not yet entirely reached the gas pump. 
Last month's increases by Persian Gulf nations besides Saudi 
Arabia took the federal Energy Department by surprise. 
Almost all analysts expect $1.50-a-gallon gasoline, at the least, by summer. Prices could go as high as $2-a-gallon by the end of the year, the experts say. It might be time right now to take a look at how concentrated your route lists are. Oops: Kurt Kluznik, president of Yardmaster, Inc., Paines-ville, Ohio writes to say that although his company does more than $1 million dollars worth of business a year, he should not be included in LAWN CARE INDUSTRY'S "Million-Dollar Lawn Care Companies" list published in January. He says he 
has 3,000 chemical lawn care companies and does $350,000 worth of business in chemical lawn care. The rest of his business is in landscape maintenance and contracting. EDUCATION PGMS certification applications available Applications for the Profes-sional Grounds Management Society's certification program are available from Allan Shulder, executive director, PGMS, 19 Hawthorne Avenue, 
Pikesville, MD 21208, 301-653-
2742. I COMPANIES Toro Co. to build new headquarters The Toro Co. has purchased a 50-acre site in Minnetonka, a Min-neapolis suburb, where it is planning to contruct a 250,000-square-foot building to house company headquarters and cen-tral offices. Toro chairman David T. McLaughlin said there are many details still to be worked out but it is hoped the building will be ready for occupancy by late 1981. HERBICIDES Devrinol registered for use on ornamentals Devrinol, a surface-applied herbicide from Stauffer Chemical Co., Westport, Conn., has been federally registered for weed control in ornamentals, field-grown nursery stock, liner stock, ground covers, and dichon-dra. Devrinol is labeled to control eight annual grasses including barnyardgrass, bristly foxtail, 
and large crabgrass. n > Z n > 70 en Z a c CD H 70 >< S > 70 TM-1« ' noint hitch mount and 6* swath. Jh^Siew«thwhee(s weight rack- Also avaua and hydraulic Mt. h AB-1 A«""®0*' swa L Optional Spoons for double utility and Blades DEALERS WANTED (812)428-2025 11625 N. Garvin St., Evansville, In. 47711 ( Circle 143 on free Information card 1fissai Heavy Duty Measuring Wheel Welded Construction Wide Wheel-1%' Used by one of the Largest Lawn Care Companies In the U.S.A.-Cushioned Handle Grip Metal Housed Counter Easy Reset Counter Guard Great for Measuring Roads, Parking Lots, and Driveways . . . Custom Colors Available on Request (Lots of 25 or more Only) Shipping F.O.B. Columbus Quanity Discounts For More Information Call or Write: Imler Industries, Inc. 1117 Broadview Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43212 614/ 486-9068 mmmw ŁPatented MOTORLESS LIQUID CHEMICAL SPREADER The WS-480 Grounds Wheelie is the best designed, highest quality, most accurate and trouble-free liquid applicator manufactured. It features a motorless, ground-driven pumping system which does not require gasoline, batteries, cords or water hoses. The Grounds Wheelie is used to apply liquid fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators. The twin wheel pumps spray a fan of solution 6' wide at 1000 sq. ft. per gallon. Coverage is relatively unchanged by the speed at which the sprayer is pushed. The faster it is pushed, the faster it pumps. The pumping system and the (6) gallon container are made of corrosive resistant materials. The spray comes from (2) nozzles in the form of tiny droplets providing a steady, uniform application which greatly reduces costly chemical drifting. The frame is fabricated of heavy gauge steel with fold-up booms. Ihe 
shut-off controls are located on the handle grips. (Other models and sizes available.) WHEEL SPRAY CORP. Box 97. Delafield, Wl 53018 - PH: (414) 646-8640 > ? Z n > x m Z a c CD H X < 2 > X Larry E. "Casey" Jones has been promoted to associate pro-duct manager for TUCO Agricul-tural Chemicals, Div. of the Up-john Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. In his new assignment, Jones assumes management responsi-bilities for TUCO's expanding line of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. He will report to Owen B. Lewis, marketing manager. Crown Chemicals, St. Louis, has changed its name to Crown Industries, and moved to larger offices, according to general manager Ernie Smits. Carmen J. McFarlane is owner of Lawn King of Missoula, Montana. The home office of this lawn care franchise is in Fair-field, N.J. Hank Tornell is owner of Lawn Doctor of Warren/Passaic, Warren, N.J. The company offers chemical lawn care, contracting and mowing/maintenance. The Ł ^ Tom Blosl,(right) president of Bay Irrigation and Turf Supply, Inc., Concord, California, was named distributor of the year bv Telsco Industries. He receives congratulations from Telsco President L.O. Snoddy (center) and Charles S. Putnam, vice-president/sales for Weather-matic. home office of this lawn care franchise is in Matawan, N.J. David Fuller is owner of Full Care Chemical Lawn Service, Sellersburg, Ind. Don Napolitano of Associate Industries, Montebello, Calif. has been elected 29th president of the California Landscape Con-tractors Assocoation at its recent annual convention. Vice presi-dents elected include Mickey Strauss, American Landscape, Canoga Park; Martin Rippens, CALIFORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Ł DIRECT SALES Ł DISPLAYS b EXHIBITS Ł SEMINARS b DISCUSSIONS Ł COVERS TOTAL LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY Ł NATIONALLY SCHEDULED ADVERTISING Ł SPONSORED b PRODUCED OY THE CALI-FORNIA LANDSCAPE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION FOR THE ENTIRE LAND-SCAPE INDUSTRY I960 LANDSCAP6 INDUSTRY SHOW LONG B•ACH CONVCNTION C•NT•R LONG DEACH, CALIFORNIA (714) 979-CLCA or (916) 448-CLCA Hydro-Dig, Inc., Anaheim; Tim Nord of T.F. Nord & Associates, Bakersfield; and Efraim Donitz of L.C. Landscape Consultants, North Hollywood. Winning their first election to the nine-member 
CLCA executive board were Kenneth Johnson, of Sacramento Landscaping, Carmichael, the new treasurer; the new secretary is Jon Alsdorf, Landscape-West Associates, Fresno. Blane K. Rickel is owner of Green Valley Lawn Spraying, Westland, Mich. The company offers liquid chemical lawn care. Edwin D. McGuire is owner of The Lawn Company, South Yar-mouth, Mass. The company of-fers both liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Paul C. Woltze, owner of Mobilandscapes, announces the 
company has moved from Nipomo, Calif, to San Luis Obispo, Calif. Mark S. Forge is owner of Green Carpet Lawn Service, Worcester, Mass. Gary Boatright is owner of Dendron, Inc., Novato, Calif. The company offers mowing/mainte-nance services. Ann Brooks Runley has been named an area specifications manager for the Rain Bird Sprin-
kler Mfg. Corp., Glendora, Calif. 
She will handle the northern 
California region. William J. Troy has been named field sales manager of Jacobsen Div. of Textron, Inc., Racine, Wis., according to Richard J. Dittoe, vice president of marketing. Also, Philip A. Taylor has been named general Troy Taylor manager of service for the com-pany. Chris Forth, former research station manager at the ChemLawn Chemical R&D facility in Milford Center, Ohio 
has been named regional agrono-mist for ChemLawn's new Philadelphia region. Forth, who 
had been at Milford Center since October 1975, began his career 
with ChemLawn as a lawn spe-cialist in the Washington, D.C. 
McLean branch in 1975. Follow-ing graduation from Pennsyl-vania State University with a B.S. in zoology in 1973, he began studies and completed require-ments for a B.S. in agronomy 
then pursued graduate study in turfgrass science. Russell H. Tiller has been pro-moted to agricultural chemical sales representative for TUCO, Division of the Upjohn Co., 
Kalamazoo, Mich. He will serve 
Michigan and Indiana, and will 
report to Donald J. Maske, north central district manager. The an-nouncement was made by Owen B. Lewis, agricultural chemical 
marketing manager. Robert C. Banse and Phil J. Marlotty have been named purchasing agents for turf prod-ucts for the Jacobsen Div. of Tex-tron, Inc., Racine, Wis. Michigan Turf Conference w garde A J. Lesko Co. 8RlSd 529-0769 DEALERS WANTED HEAVY-DUTY Spray Gun and Hose The Green Garde heavy-duty spray gun easily adjusts from a fine mist to long-distance jet-stream spray. Convenient trigger control locks for continuous spray, provides positive drip-free shutoff. Heavy-duty, 400-foot long hose is mar-proof chartreuse PVC and features strong braid reinforced double tube con-
struction to withstand pressure to 3000 PSI. Easy-to-
handle...only half the weight of a conventional hose. For complete information, write to: Encap Products Company P.O. Box 278, Mt. Prospect, IL. 60056 Phone (312) 593-6464 or Jim F. David, 318 Alta Mesa Dr., So. San Francisco, CA 94080 Dennis B. Myers (left), a two-year turfgrass management student at Micnigan State University, and Jeffrey A. Crean (right), a four-year turfgrass management student, are presented with the Upjohn Company Scholarship Awards by Russ Tiller, area sales representative for the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Leonard M. Debuck (right), a four-year turfgrass management student at Michigan State University, is pre-sented with the Burton C. Bradsnaw Outstanding Student Award. Pre-senting the award is Gordon La Fon-taine , of Lawn Equipment Corporation. Patrick J. Berger (left), a two-year turfgrass management student at Micnigan State University, is pre-sented with the Michigan Turfgrass Foundation's Outstanding Student Award. Presenting the award is "Tuck" Tate, president of the Michi-gan Turfgrass Foundation. Michael J. Newell (left), a two-year turfgrass management student at Michigan State University, is pre-sented with the Michigan Turgrass Foundation's Norman W. Kramer Outstanding Scholar Award. James Timmerman presents the award. Michael J. Newell was also pre-sented with a Golf Course Superin-tendents Association of America scholarship by Ted Woehrle, past president of me Golf Course Super-intendents Association of America. SOIL ANALYSIS EQUIPME WRITE TODAY FOR FREE 16-PAGE INFORMATION-PACKED CATALOG Ł FARM CROPS Ł GREENHOUSES Ł NURSERIES* GROUNDSKEEPING* VO-AG TRAINING Ł HYDROPONICS Ł HOMEGARDENING Ł EDUCATION From quick field tests to portable elec-tronic soil laboratories, LaMotte Chemical makes professional test sets specifically designed to meet your soil testing requirements. YOU CAN CONTROL... Ł Macronutrients Ł Micronutrients Ł Soil pH Ł Dissolved Salts Ł Soil Texture Ł Organic Matter Ł Humus Ł Plant Tissue To anticipate nutrient deficiencies or 
toxic conditions, keep a tight rein on 
fertilizer budgets, and promote produc-tivity and plant health, you must KNOW YOUR SOIL. LaMotte Chemical Products Company Box 329, Chestertown, Maryland 21620 (301)778-3100 SERVING SOIL SCIENCE FOR SIXTY YEARS Circle 128 on free information card Something NEW For Snow Plowing!!! At Last - A Snow Plow Cutting Edge That Does The Complete Job and more! It Pushes Forward! It Plows Snow Backwards Ł It saves you time Ł It eliminates the rear blade Ł It gives extra strength 
Ł It interchanges and fits your present plow t It lets one plow do the work of two. Ł One truck uses less gas than 2 Ł It saves you time and money. Available For Meyers A Western Plows Ł 7W in Stock 56 2,4-D from pagel OC < 2 >« oc H co D 
Q 
Z w os < u z < ". . . an account of parents who are angry at the Northumberland 
and Newcastle Board of Educa-tion for allowing the use of 2,4-D as a weed killer on school grounds. They have formed a 
group known as Parents Against Senseless Spray (PASS), but the board is not impressed enough to cancel spraying plans. It was guided by the advice of one of Dr. Parrott's officials who said he was sure it would be found safe." After some further questions, the editorial concludes by say-ing: "Whether the alarm of the parents in the Cobourg-Campbellford area is well-founded or not, it must at least be conceded that a schoolyard would be one of the last places 
on earth that one would take the smallest of risks." Commenting on PASS and its actions, Des Rice, president of Weed Man, Ltd. Š one of "The bill is extremely restrictive. The part the lawn care industry would have the most difficulty complying with is the requirement that the owner of the property be notified of the date and time of application. It is almost impossible for a lawn care company to schedule work precisely enough to arrive at a lawn at a specific date and time/9 Robert Miller, Chemlawn Corp., Columbus, Ohio Toronto's largest weed and fertil-izer sprayers, told LAWN CARE INDUSTRY: "There was also extensive television coverage to play up 
the story. The usual stuff, an irate housewife promising that her children would not be 
allowed to attend school if further spraying was permitted." As a result, Rice said, "a lot of school boards dropped the second application of weed con-trol and are rewriting their con-tracts this year. Also, the Toronto Parks Department has dropped its total spray program for the future. This has put strain on the industry as a whole." The PASS actions and public and government response to them have brought about 35 lawn sprayers in the Toronto area together to form an association. One of the group's functions is to 
counter any adverse propaganda that arises from time to time, Rice said. Finally, An Aid For Teaching Turf grass Superintendents, Contractors, Lawn Care Managers, New, On-the-Job Reference. The Turf Managers' Handbook is a compre-hensive, organized approach to turfgrass science and care. It has been designed and written by leading turf specialists from Purdue, Dr. William Daniel and Dr. Ray Freeborg, for on-the-job reference and as a text for students. The book contains 150 illustrations and 96 color photographs. Data includes 240 tables and forms. Included are specifications for rootzones, employment, calculations for chemical applications, and extensive metric-imperial conversion. Business and technical aspects of turfgrass management are covered in this 424-page book. Planning, purchasing, hiring, construction, and plant selection are put together for easy on-the-job reference. Markets covered include lawn care, sod production, golf course nanagement, cemeteries, athletic fields, *nd low maintenance areas. If it concerns turf, it's in the Turf Managers' Handbook. TUfrF manalGers' HariDiBOOK Ordering Information Please send copies of the hardback ($18.95 ea.) copies of the paperback ($14.95 ea.) Signature A shipping charge of $1.25 per book must be added. A check or money order for is enclosed. Please charge to my VISA or MASTER CHARGE (circle one) account nò. , expiration date Name (Prlnt). Ad dress City .State. -Zip-I understand that delivery may take six to eight weeks. Quantity and bookstore rates available upon request. Send to: Books Department Business Publications Division Harvest Publishing Company 9800 Detroit Ave. Cleveland, OH 44102 HARVEST In a letter to the Professional Lawn Care Association of America, Dr. Robert Miller, group vice president of ChemLawn Corp., Columbus, Ohio says: "The bill is extremely restric-tive. The part the lawn care in-dustry would have the most dif-
ficulty complying with is the re-
quirement that the owner of the 
property be notified of the date 
and time of application. It is almost impossible for a lawn 
care company to schedule work precisely enough to arrive at a lawn at a specific date and time." The PLCAA is presently plan-ning a strategy to fight the bill. For further information about this, contact: Glenn Bostrom, PLCAA, Suite 1717, 435 N. Michi-gan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, 312-644-0828. The Professional Lawn Care Association of America was formed in the summer of 1979. Jerry Faulring, of Hydro Lawn, is the organization's president. FUNGICIDES Agencies aeree on answers to benomyl While a final statement on benomyl fungicide has not been issued, unanimous agreement to continue the registration of benomyl has now been express-ed by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and advisory groups to these agencies, according to a statement by Dr. Warren K. Lowen, director of research for Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del. A trade name for benomyl is Tersan 1991, widely used in the 
lawn care industry for disease control. "Benomyl has been thoroughly reviewed under the govern-
ment's RPAR (Rebuttable Pre-
sumption Against Registration) procedure," reported Dr. Lowen. 
"More than two years have been required for this review, with new studies by scores of scien-tists and careful evaluation and 
reporting on the benefits of this 
fungicide by hundreds of users. There have been no scientific surprises in these studies and reports. They have confirmed earlier knowledge of the safety and efficacy of this product." EPA's final statement on benomyl may be issued soon. Meanwhile Dr. Lowen cited specific recommendations from the EPA's Scientific Advisory Panel, the joint EPA-USDA Benefit Assessment Team, and 
Secretary Bob Bergland of USDA 
as indicators that use of benomyl 
does not constitute a hazard to users in to field or to the public. EPA's Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) has unanimously 
concurred with the regulatory 
agency's preliminary position that benomyl should continue to be registered for all uses. "With the favorable action already taken by responsible panels and agencies, we are anx-
iously awaiting the final benomyl ruling by EPA, so plant 
pathologists may continue needed product development ac-tivity," Dr. Lowen said. Citation Türf Perennial Plant Variety Protection Number 7500003 IMTVW asked for an ailpiirpose, deep rooted high temperature 
tolerant ryegrass ŁM This is our answer! This unretouched photo from California demonstrates an advantage of including 20% Citation with an improved blend of bluegrasses. On the left is 100% Kentucky bluegrass damaged by Fusarium blight. On the right the Citation-bluegrass mixture shows little or no damage. 1PROGRESS FROM THE GROUND UP' Dr. William Meyer, Research Director, states: "At Turf-Seed, Inc., we set out to develop a turf-type perennial ryegrass with rapid establishment, good heat tolerance and the ability to maintain high quality throughout the hot summer months. We also wanted an attractive, dark green color and improved mowing performance. After years of cross breeding and testing, Turf-Seed developed Citation. I believe it comes very close to the specifications we were looking for in a fine-leafed ryegrass." Citation had the highest average turf performance rating in a five-year test at Rutgers University. This excellent record has been confirmed by years of proven performance in applied use by turf professionals throughout the United States. Top-quality Citation seed is now available for your use. For test results and information write: Vaughan-Jacklin Corp. Bound Brook, NJ 08805 Downers Grove, IL 60515 
Post Falls, ID 83854 Landover, MD 20785 Jonathan Green & Sons Farmingdale, NJ 07727 Turf-Seed, Inc. Hubbard, OR 97032 J & L Adikes, Inc. Jamaica, NY 11423 Circle 146 on free information card 58 BEHIND THIS ISSUE OH < 2 OH P C/3 5 z w OH < u z § < In recent months you may have noticed a number of personnel-related stories in LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. The February issue contained a story entitled, "Develop-ing your assistant," and this month we feature an in-depth look at "Dealing with personnel problems." The reason for our recent interest in personnel-related topics is really very sim-ple. The industry is growing very rapidly. Although one-man businesses were the rule in the lawn care industry just a decade ago, the reverse is true today. The industry has come a long way in re-cent years, but in order to continue to develop and sustain its current level of pro-fessionalism, lawn care operators are going to have to make sure that they have compe-
tent middle managers "waiting in the wings." The old axiom, "A company is only as good as its employes," holds true for all types of business enterprises, and the lawn care profession is no exception. Therefore, if you hope to continue to prosper in the 1980's, a concerted effort to train and develop competent middle managers is a must. Don't worry about training possible com-petitors. If you are honest with your em-ployes and offer them a job with a future, you will retain most of them. And those you lose will be better equipped to represent the industry in a reputable manner. The front page story about Ohio House Bill 952 is just one example of the growing trend towards increased government in-volvement in the lawn care industry. If passed, the bill would require lawn care companies in Ohio to notify customers 48 
hours in advance of pesticide applications. It is a controversial piece of legislation which has obviously angered many lawn 
care operators in Ohio. But regardless of its 
faults or merits, the bill indicates that state 
legislators have taken notice of the lawn care industry, and that is good. Su*/ PLC A A from page 1 each other. However, you should ask about the fertilizer analysis and how much is to be applied. You should make sure that some of the fertilizer is the 'long-lasting or slow-release' type which can be delivered in either liquid or dry systems. "Also, is the fertilizer a 'com-plete' fertilizer? In addition to nitrogen (N), a complete or balanced fertilizer should con-tain amounts of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P); the quanti-ties needed will vary with the geographical area and with the type of turf being grown. "Personnel. Are the service people licensed (if required) by the state? Are they trained to identify and inform the lawn owner of developing cultural problems? This ongoing diagnosis is one of the most 
valuable services a professional lawn care company can and should provide. "Spectrum of services. Does the company offer a free es-timate and an evaluation of the lawn's condition? Does the com-
pany have the equipment and 
personnel to treat unusual cultural problems if they should arise? Some of these services might involve the application of fungicides for disease problems, 
insecticides for insect problems, seed or limestone. "Service policies. What if something does not work? Will the company stand behind the 
results and re-apply if neces-sary? A clear understanding at the beginning of the relationship relieves ambiguous situations 
later. "Code of ethics. Is the com-pany to be selected a member of the Professional Lawn Care Association of America (PLCAA)? This association has a stringent code of ethics to which members must conform. Mem-bers display the association's logo on their equipment and ad-vertising. You may also contact 
PLCAA to obtain names of PLCAA member firms in your 
area." The release ends by listing the PLCAA Chicago head-quarters address and phone. Control 15 major lawn pests with versatile SEVIN carbaryl insecticide. They nip, munch, burrow and bite. As sure as grass is green, lawn pests will try to make life miserable. You can minimize the misery STOP! ALL PESTICIDES CAN BE HARMFUL with SEVIN TO HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT rarharvl IF MISUSED. READ THE LABEL CARE- (~al UcLI /' FULLY AND USE ONLY AS DIRECTED. ¡nSeCtlClde And protect lawns from as many as 15 different problem pests. Both the most common ones and the worst: ants, bluegrass bill bugs, chiggers, chinch bugs, cutworms, ear-wigs, European chafer, fall armyworm, 
fleas, green June beetle, leafhoppers, millipedes, mosquitoes, sod webworms (lawn moths) and ticks. Broad registration only starts the list of SEVIN benefits. It's also compatible with many other commonly used insecticides, miticides, fungicides and foliar nutri-ents. And residents can resume us' 
the grounds or yard as 
soon as the spray 
dries. There's a 
choice of * CLASSIFIED When answering ads where box number onlv is given, please address as follows: Box number, % LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY. Dorothy Lowe, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. Rates: 35c a word for line ads, 65c a word for display ads. Box numbers add $1 for mailing. All classified ads must be received by the publisher before the 10th of the month preceding publication and be accompanied by casn or money order covering full payment. Mail ad copy to Dorothy Lowe, LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. FOR SALE FOR SALE: Tree/lawn sprayer components, all new; 1-Bean 20-20 500 psi pump, 1-Kohler cast iron 12 h.p. electric start, 1-275 gallon s.s. tank. $1500. w/used hose and guns. 
P.O. Box 548, N. Kingstown, RI 02852. 401 294-6397. MISCELLANEOUS KELWAY SOIL pH TESTER, used by professionals everywhere. Direct reading, longlasting, portable, lightweight, no power source. Model HB-2 reads moisture too. Available through local distributors or contact 
Kel Instruments Co., Inc., Dept. L, P.O. Box 1869, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 201 471-3954. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT: Obtain the expertise to start and/or manage a lawn care business. For in-formation contact: The Institute of 
Applied Agriculture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. 301 454-3938. USED EQUIPMENT 1000 GALLON S.S. Bean tank & 1010 pump, Hannay reel + 500 foot hose (used 3 seasons) mounted on 1972 GMC 2H2 ton. $8,500. complete. Call 812 232-6071. HELP WANTED LAWNMARK is presently accepting applications for ooth full and part time Service Rep. positions for Milwaukee, Akron, Cleveland and Rochester. Excellent compensation, benefits and upward mobility poten-tial. Send resume to: Personnel Dept., Lawnmark Hdqtrs., P.O. Box 634, Hudson, OH 44236. TURF SPECIALIST/MANAGER TRAINEE positions open at ex-panding chemical lawn and shrub 
care company in fast growing Houston, Texas. Tremendous oppor-tunity for those having experience with national or regional lawn care companies, or knowledge of turf-grass and ornamental plants. The right people will have unlimited ad-vancement potential. Send complete resume including education, experi-ence and salary nistory to: Environ-mental Lawn Care, 7544 Harwin, Houston, Texas 77036 or call collect 713 784-1750. IMMEDIATE OPENING MANAGE-MENT POSITION Š Boston based firm established over 25 years seeks 
qualified individual to assume general management position of our chemical lawn care division. Experi-ence in turf management or liquid application preferred. Excellent 
starting salary with benefits and Dro-fit sharing available. Send confiuen-tial resume to The Greenskeeper, Scientific Lawn Care, 183 Shepard Street, Lynn, Massachusetts 01902, 
Attention G. B. Weisberg, Vice Presi-dent. WORKING FOREMAN and laborers, including spray technicians needed for established (30 yrs.) landscape and grounds maintenance firm. Experience and ability com-pensated by excellent benefits and salary. Send resume to R. B. Stout, Inc., 1285 N. Cleveland-Massillion 
Rd., Akron, Ohio 44313. ADVERTISERS Agro-Chem 32 Aauatrols 35 Asnland Chemical Co 7 Boots Hercules 3,30,31 Brouwer 12 Bunton 52 
California Landscape 54 
Champion Brass 14 Ciba-Geigy Corp 16,17 
Consolidated Services 34 Diamond Shamrock Corp 4 Dow Chemical Co 38,39 
Encap 55 
Excel Industries 43 
Finn Equipment 10 FMC .x 20 Hahn, Ine 14.53 Hydro-Turf 52 Hypro 42 Imler 53 Jacobsen, Div. of Textron, Ine 40,41 Keystone 21 KimMfg 52 
Lakeshore Eqpt. & Supply Corp 15 La Motte 55 Lawn Care 51,56 Lesko 55 Loft's Pedigreed Seed 60 Long Mfg 5 Mid-South 8 Mobay 11 Monsanto 37 
O.M.Scott 44,45 P.B.I. Gordon 18 
Pickseed 42 PLCAA 56 Rhone-Poulenc, Ine 13 Rockland Chemical Co 34 Rvan 49 Satoh 36 Stihl 25 Torco 6 Toro 22,23 
Trac n Combo 29 Tuco 9 Turf Seed 57 Union Carbide 58,59 U.S. Gypsum 47 Wheel Spray 53 Wisconsin Marine 49 ŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁ * RESEARCH New bermudagrass survives severe winters 59 z n > 
70 m z a c CD 70 2 > 70 Test plots of a new bermuda-grass strain called VPI C-l have exhibited surprising winter har-diness and may be of possible value for use on general turf areas, according to L.H. Taylor 
and R.E. Schmidt, of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va. Test plots of the new bermuda-grass strain have been es-tablished at the Southern Pied-mont Research and Continuing Education Center near Blackstone, Va. In these trials, 
VPI C-l is being compared with Midiron, Tufcote, and Tifway bermudagrass for spread and rate of establishment from sod, plugs, and sprigs. The plots will 
also be evaluated for turf quality and later will be used to evaluate the performance of the strains with several management 
variables. Further, VPI C-l is included in an observational trial of 12 vegetatively established or seeded bermudagrass strains. Large plots of VPI C-l and Midiron have also been es-tablished for use in studies of overseeding with temperate grass for winter turf. According to Schmidt and Taylor, VPI C-l's characteristics include outstanding vigor, attrac-tive medium-green color, and winter hardiness. It also forms a tight sod that tends to remain weed free and appears to tolerate traffic well. SEVIN CARBARVL INSECTICIDE ISTHE ANSWER. degradable; and when compared with other insecticides, it ranks low in toxi-city to people.animals, birds and fish. So it's probably no surprise to hear that SEVIN carbaryl is one of the largest selling insecticides in the United States today For more information aboutSEVIN, contact your pesticide supplier or Union Carbide at the address below. Make SEVIN carbaryl insecticide your answer to pest control too. SEVIN and SEVIMOL are registered trademarks of Union Carbide Corporation for carbaryl insecticide UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY. INC , 7825 Baymeadows Way. Jacksonville, FL 32216 four formulationsŠ sprayable, wettable powder, flowables and fEVIMOU 4, a liquid blend of SEVIN and molasses. Granules, dusts and baits are also available for certain specialized uses. Plus, SEVIN isn't harsh on the environment. It is bio-Turf The shot heard 'round the, world: %/ Turf-Type Perennial Ryegrass Four-Year Performance of commercially available varieties of perennial ryegrass at Rutgers University, North Brunswick, New Jersey proves Yorktown II is so good it's Revolutionary! 1974-1977 1974-1977 1974-1977 Cultivar Average* Cultivar Average* Cultivar Average* 1. Yorktown II 7.3 7. Citation 6.1 13. NK-200 3.8 2. Blazer 6.7 8. Yorktown 6.0 14. Eton 3.8 3. Fiesta 6.5 9. Derby 5.8 15. Pelo 3.1 4. Diplomat 6.3 10. Birdie 5.6 16. NK-100 2.7 5. Dasher 6.2 11. Pennfine 5.3 17. Game 2.5 6. Omega 6.1 12. Manhattan 5.0 18. Linn 2.2 *Turf performance score: 9 = Highest Possible Score. i From the producers of Baron Kentucky Bluegrass. Available through all Lofts divisions and leading seed houses. MMWS Propaczationprdfàited <H^Tì arimi A Tn# vi-LOFTS Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc. Bound Brook, N J. 08805 / (201) 356-8700 Circle 133 on free information card v ' It Four years of testing, during some of the most severe weather conditions in recent years, proved Yorktown II number one in overall turf quality . . . based on criteria including appearance, heat and cold tolerance, density, mowing quality and disease resistance. No wonder Yorktown II is so good . . .