A RHIZOCTONIA DISEASE Yellow patch: New turf disease problem with no known controls A new turfgrass disease with no known controls is spreading 
through the lawn care industry, according to Dr. Bobby G. Joyner, director of ChemLawn Corp.'s Plant Diagnostic Labs, Columbus, 
Ohio. It is called yellow patch, and is not to be confused with brown patch or Fusarium blight, Dr. Joyner told an audience of lawn care businessmen at the recent Ohio Turfgrass Conference. He said the disease has been noted on Kentucky bluegrass lawns in the North, tall fescue 
lawns in the transition zone, and on St. Augustinegrass lawns. "We have seen it spread through the Great Lakes area, and it has 
become a problem in the home lawn industry in Cleveland, De-troit and Chicago," Dr. Joyner said. "The straight lines have shown that it might be related to sod." He said there has been much confusion of diseases caused by to page 24 Dr. Bobby Joyn HBJ A Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publication nm Serving lawn maintenance and chemical lawn care professionals THE CONSUMER MAY WIN OUT How many people do you employ? Price hikes shrink in '82 Chemical lawn care businessmen around the industry are reporting a softening of pricing increases for 
the coming season. Citing factors ranging from an uncertain economic climate to the need to offer consumer incentives, it appears the pricing posture of the industry is sensitive, with some major companies choosing little or no price increases at all. 'This year we happen not to be putting in a price increase, but it is mainly because we have made some significant savings in the 
cost of delivering services," Fred Rowley, president of Rollins Lawn Care, Atlanta, Ga., told LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY. "But we are charging for some services which 
we have not charged for in the past, such as disease and subterra-nean insect control." Although Rollins increased prices last year on the order of 10 percent, and will be looking seri-
ously to raise them in 1983, for the present they will "stabilize." At-tributing the move in some respect 
to the "general state of the economy," Rowley did say that in 
the mature bluegrass markets of the Midwest, lawn care is a service that is accepted by a much larger CONNECTICUT BILL 5785 market profile than in the Sunbelt regions. The economy was also a signifi-cant factor in the decision by Hydro Lawn Spray, Salem, Va., to lower their prices in everything but the first three increments in lawn sizes. "It amounts to an overall decrease in gross dollars/' to page 13 Industry reps stonewall bill banning herbicides QUICK STARTS Understanding nitrogen sources 7 Machine costing workshop 10 Florida maintenance marketplace 14 Borer damage alert 12 PLC A A marketing mailers 18 Will bonus incentives work? 24 Upfront 4 Marketing Idea File 18 Moneywise 24 Cost Cuttings 13 Tools, Tips, Techniques Products Newsmakers Meeting dates 12 20 26 19 The lawn care industry scored an important victory over opponents of the use of the vital post-emergent herbicide 2,4-D in the state of Connecticut last month. A proposed bill that would have banned the sale or use of any herbicides containing dioxins in that state was set back when members of the professional lawn care, golf course, university, and manufacturing communities met publicly to oppose the bill. In a tightly packed hearing room in front of 12 members of the Connecticut House of Representa-tives, over 15 industry representa-tives achieved their objective of presenting a substantial show of force and strength in defense of the use of 2,4-D. Representatives testifying in-cluded Dr. Michael Kelty, O.M. Scott & Sons, Dr. James Wilkinson, to page 12 TV* . - ' " ; MISR 0037*99 X H OH Jim P g rieke ppof Iiil- MICHIGAN STATE UNIV ,U1 CROP f. SOIL SCI E LANSING HI 48829 SCF Workers at Leisure Landscaping, Boco Raton, Florida, shearing a pine hedge on one of their many association accounts. A special emphasis on ornamentaJ care characterizes this booming market. For more on Florida maintenance turn to page 14. Make sure your lawn care jobs don't come back to haunt you. With labor and gasoline what they are today, the cost of a call-back is fright-ening. Add in the hidden costs of unhappy 
customers, and it's enough to scare you to death. That's why you need DURSBAN* insecticide in at least two of your yearly applications. You see, in most parts of the country, insects are a problem in both the Spring and later on in the Summer. If they don't get you the first time, they just might get you the second. And that can mean costly call-backs. So think twice before you decide to skimp on DURSBAM. And think about how little it costs-as little as $3.50 for a 10,000 sq. ft. lawn. Which is a lot less than the cost of a call-back. DURSBAN insecticide gives you results you can count on, too. It gets all your major problem bugs. And it controls them 
for up to eight weeks instead of the more common four to six. DURSBAM. Makes sure all your returns are happy returns. Available in 2E and 
double-strength 4E formulations. See your Dow distributor. Also ask him about our new "DURSBAM delivers 
the goods" incentive program. Be sure to read and follow all label directions and 
precautions. Agricultural Products Depart-
ment, Midland, Michigan 48640. DURSBAN Call-backs haven't a ghost of a chance. DOW Chemical U.S.A. 'Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company. Circle No. 108 on Reader Inquiry Card UPFRONT p* cu < CO D § < U 2 £ < J - > -Pesticide fact, fiction The lawn care industry is an intensive user of pesticides. And as the industry grows, the use of pesticides will become more in-tensive. These factors create the need for the safe use of pesticides. They also create the need for a better understanding of pesticide safety by chemical manufacturers, pesticide applicators and even consumers of such services. Charles Darrah, research ag-ronomist with ChemLawn Corp., Columbus, Ohio, recently addres-WWN OIRE INDUSTRY ROBERT EARLEY, Editor/Group Publisher PAUL McCLOSKEY, Associate Editor JOAN HOLMES, Production Manager MARILYN MacDONALD, Production Supervisor DAVE JOHNSON, Graphic Design JOAN SMITH, Circulation Supervisor GAIL KESSLER, Reader Service Manager LINDA WINICK, Promotion Director MARKETING/SALES New York Office: ROBERT EARLEY (212) 888-2892 757 Third Ave., New York, NY 10017 Southern Office: JIM BROOKS, National Sales Manager RON KEMPNER (404) 233-1817 3091 Maple Dr., Atlanta, GA 30305 Northwest Office: BOB MIEROW (206) 363-2864 1333 N.W. Norcross, Seattle, WA 98177 Classified: DAWN ANDERSON (218) 727-8511 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802 Please send advertising materials to: LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 120 W. Second St. Duluth, MN 55802 218-727-8511 HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH PUBLICATIONS (HBJ ROBERT L. EDGELL, Chairman 
RICHARD MOELLER, President 
LARS FLADMARK, Executive Vice President ARLAND HIRMAN, Treasurer THOMAS GRENEY, Group Vice President EZRA PINCUS, Group Vice President LAWRENCE WITCHEL, Group Vice President JOE BILDERBACH, Vice President JAMES GHERNA, Vice President GEORGE GLENN, Vice President HARRY RAMALEY, Vice President LAWN CARE INDUSTRY (USPS 397250) is published monthly by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publications. Corporate and Editorial offices: 757 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10017. Advertising offices: 757 Third Avenue, New York. New York 10017, 111 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60601 and 3091 Maple Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Accounting, Advertising Production and Circulation offices: 1 East First Street, Duluth, Minnesota 55802. Subscription rates: one year, 
$15 in the United States, $18 in Canada; all other countries: $40. Single copies: $2 in the United States and Canada; all other countries $4.50. Second Class postage paid 
at Duluth, Minnesota 55806 and additional mailing offices. Copyright © 1982 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 6200 Duluth, Minnesota 55806-9900. sed a group of lawn care businessmen on the topic, "Separating Fact and Fiction with Regard to Pesticide Safety." Here is what he had to say: "Several concepts are important to understanding pesticide safety. The first is the concept of toxicity. Toxicity can be defined as the ability of a compound to cause injury. This is an inherent charac-teristic of the material. The toxic-ity of the pesticide does not change. It is important that the toxicity of the pesticide be known 
and that the measure of the toxicity of the pesticide be understood. "The toxicity of pesticides is measured using animal species in 
order to gain an indication of their toxicity to humans. Toxicity studies cannot be conducted using human subjects for obvious reasons. Animals, usually rats, are dosed with increasing levels of the 
pesticide under study. Dosage may be made by giving relatively high amounts of pesticide orally in a single dose (acute oral), or by 
relatively low amounts given or-
ally over time (chronic oral). Other dosage techniques include expo-sure to relatively high levels of pesticide applied dermally or in-haled to produce acute dermal or 
acute inhalation toxicity. Or, exposure to relatively low levels of pesticide applied dermally or in-haled over a period of time is used 
to determine chronic dermal or chronic inhalation toxicity. "Toxicity in these tests is deter-mined by death of the test animal. 
And from these tests a dosage level which produces death in 50 per-
cent of the test animals can be determined. This level is called the acute oral LDso, chronic oral LDso, or other LDso, depending on the dosing method. The LDso is expressed as milligrams of pes-ticide per kilogram of body weight of the test animal. The lower the 
LDso, the greater the toxicity of the 
material. "These tests are run under well-defined toxicological pro-tocol and they give definite toxicological properties to the test animals and implied toxicological properties to humans. The toxicity of a compound does not change. 
Lawn care personnel should try to obtain as much of the toxicological data that is available on the pes-ticides they use. Many chemical companies can supply LDso data 
on animals such as dogs, cats, ducks, fish and other animals which may come in contact with pesticides sprayed on lawns. "The second concept in pes-ticide safety is hazard. Hazard is defined as the likelihood that injury will occur from the use of a 
pesticide in a given situation or environment. The hazard of a pesticide, unlike the toxicity, can change. For example, pesticides in 
tightly sealed containers present little hazard. Also, pesticides in 
concentrated forms present a greater hazard than in their diluted concentrations at which they are normally sprayed. "Several factors affect the de-gree of hazard. One is the acute toxicity of the pesticide being used. The higher the acute toxicity or the lower the LDso, the greater the hazard. Also, the volatility of the pesticide. In general, the higher the volatility of the pes-ticide, the greater the hazard from dermal or inhalation exposure. "Toxicologists and industrial hygienists can measure this type of hazard. They have developed a term called the Threshold Limit 
Value (TLV) for volatilized pes-
ticides or pesticides on spray-borne particles. This value places a health hazard limit on the con-centrate of a pesticide or other materials in the air. For example, the TLV for Dursban is 0.2 mg. per cubic meter. Dow Chemical Co. representatives have measured the exposure of lawn spray operators to Dursban and have found a maximum of 0.01 mg. of Dursban per cubic meter of air. This level is well below the TLV. Another in-teresting fact is that the TLV for 2,4-D is 10 mg. per cubic meter, which is also the TLV for nuisance dusts in the workplace. "Another factor is rate of ab-sorption. The hazard of a pesticide increases as the rate of pesticide absorption through the skin or through internal tissues increases. "Another factor is rate of symptom onset. The hazard of a pesticide increases as the rate of poisoning symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, visual impair-
ment or convulsions, increases. For example, high doses of 
organophosphates, such as 
Dursban or diazinon, may take several hours before the onset of symptoms while the cyanide 
fumigants produce almost im-mediate poisoning symptoms. "Another factor is rate of en-zyme re-activation. Most of the 
pesticides in use either impair 
neural functions, inhibit cholinesterase activity or block 
cell metabolism by action on one or more enzyme systems. If after 
exposure, the body is able to quickly metabolize or pass off the pesticide and re-activate the inhi-bited enzyme system, then the hazard of that compound is rela-tively low. "Efforts should be directed to reduce the hazard of pesticides 
used by lawn care companies. The employe faces the most hazard since he or she handles concen-
trated pesticides and is usually repeatedly exposed over several weeks during a spray period. Therefore, the following methods should be used to reduce hazard: "Soap showers should be taken; fresh clothing should be used each day; a central laundry facility should be utilized to eliminate 
contamination of domestic cloth-ing; and application equipment should be decontaminated. "Also, gloves and boots should be utilized during spraying, as well as an inpervious material on lower legs. And cholinesterase monitoring is perhaps the best 
means to measure employe expo-sure to the organophosphate pes-
ticides such as Dursban, diazinon and bensulide. U Uy the Reader Service numbers of those items of interest to you. Inquiries serviced for 90 days from date of issue. For those countries outside the U.S., please apply appropriate postage before mailing. READER SERVICE INFORMATION CARD 4-82 1 For more information on products or services mentioned in this issue, circle the corresponding numbers below, fill in appropriate information and mail today. 101 108 115 122 129 136 143 150 157 164 171 178 185 192 199 206 213 220 227 234 102 109 116 123 130 137 144 151 158 165 172 179 186 193 200 207 214 221 228 235 103 110 117 124 131 138 145 152 159 166 173 180 187 194 201 208 215 222 229 236 104 111 118 125 132 139 146 153 160 167 174 181 188 195 202 209 216 223 230 237 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154 161 168 175 182 189 1S6 203 210 217 224 231 238 106 113 120 127 134 141 148 155 162 169 176 183 190 197 204 211 218 225 232 239 107 114 121 128 135 142 149 156 163 170 177 184 191 198 205 212 219 226 233 240 PLEASE CHECK BELOW YOUR PRIMARY BUSINESS AT THIS LOCATION: A. CONTRACTOR OR SERVICES: ŁLawn care service business involved primarily with fertilization, weed, and insect control. Please specify method of application: 10 Ł Liquid 1t DOry 12 DBoth 20 UPrimarily mowing/maintenance service 30 [ 1 Landscape contractor/lawn service company 
40 Ł Nursery or garden center/lawn service company 50 DPest control /lawn service company 60 Ł Irrigation contractor/lawn service company B GROUNDS CARE/MAINTENANCE AT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF FACILITIES: 110 DPrivate or public estate NAME BUSINESS NAME_ CITY 120 130 140 150 190 ŁSchool, college, university, hospital, or similar facility ŁCondominium housing development or industrial park ŁGovernment grounds, parks, around municipal buildings, military facilities Ł Cemetery or memorial garden ŁOther (please specify) C. SUPPLIER 210 nChemical dealer or distributor 
220 IJ Equipment dealer or distributor 230 OSeed broker/dealer 
240 QSod grower .TITLE . .ADDRESS. _STATE_ _ZIP_ _TELEPHONE_L ) AREA CODE I WISH TO RECEIVE (CONTINUE RECEIVING) LAWN CARE INDUSTRY EACH MONTH Ł YES Ł NO SIGNATURE DATE NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY CARD FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 665 DULUTH, MINNESOTA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE READER SERVICE DEPARTMENT WWN GIRE INDUSTRY POST OFFICE BOX 6200 DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55806 FERTILIZATION Understanding nitrogen sources Nitrogen is without question the nutrient of most importance to the lawn care businessman in his lawn care soil fertility programs. By understanding the important characteristics of each nitrogen 
source, the lawn care businessman 
will have a better idea of what pattern of turfgrass response to 
expect and should be able to make 
an informed choice of what prod-uct or products are best-suited for 
his individual situation. To provide some of the informa-tion needed to understand these nitrogen sources, a description of the important properties and turf-grass response patterns has been 
prepared by the University of Maryland's Dr. Thomas Turner. Sulfur-coated urea Two basic types of sulfur-coated urea products are produced, Dr. Turner said, one by the Tennessee Valley Authority process, in which urea is coated with sulfur. This type is manufactured and marketed by Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co., Elyria, Ohio. The second is by Chipman, Inc., Stony 
Creek, Ontario, in which prilled urea is coated with sulfur. Typical sulfur-coated urea products con-
tain from about 32 to 37 percent nitrogen and 20 to 35 percent sulfur. While the degree of slow-release of nitrogen from IBDU and urea-
formaldehyde can be expressed as 
water-insoluble nitrogen, no 
standard has yet been generally applied to sulfur-coated urea. In some areas, a water-soluble nitro-gen or controlled-release nitrogen statement is made on the fertilizer bag. For research purposes, how-ever, the slow-release nature has been expressed as the dissolution rate. Dissolution rate Generally, the dissolution rate refers to the amount of sulfur-coated urea that will dissolve in water in seven days under given laboratory conditions. This value, 
in effect, is an indication of the 
water-soluble nitrogen. For in-stance, if a sulfur-coated urea product has a dissolution rate of 35 percent, then 35 percent of the material will act similar to quickly available nitrogen source and the 
rest will be gradually released over a longer period of time. Some, but not all, sulfur-coated urea bags contain a statement indicating the dissolution rate. Since sulfur-coated urea is manufactured from a very soluble material (urea) which is coated, the primary means of nitrogen release from sulfur-coated urea is 
through pinholes or cracks in the 
coating and also degradation of the coating. Thus, the most important factor affecting the rate of nitrogen release from sulfur-coated urea is 
the coating thickness, with soil moisture and to a lesser extent soil temperature will also have an effect. Sulfur-coated urea products ranging from extremely slow re-lease to fairly rapid release can be produced simply by adjusting the coating thickness. However, products with less than a 20 
percent dissolution rate (due to a thicker coating) have been shown 
to release nitrogen too slowly for not been as good as with IBDU, but has been better than urea-
formaldehyde, Dr. Turner said. 
Although nitrogen release from sulfur-coated urea increases with 
soil moisture, excessive growth "Exaggerated statements have been made about the possibility of the breakage of the sulfer-coated urea products and burning of turf. The only way this might occur would be the gross misuse of the product." satisfactory turf growth and are less efficient than other materials. Dissolution rates of 25 percent to 35 percent have been found to be the most satisfactory for turf. Cool-weather turf response to sulfur-coated urea generally has during wet weather has been less of a problem with sulfur-coated 
urea than with IBDU. Exaggerated statements have been made about the possibility of 
breakage of sulfur-coated urea particles and subsequent burning of turf. The only way this might 
occur would be gross misuse of the product. If recommended rates 
and practices are used, no prob-lems of this type will occur with 
sulfur-coated urea, Dr. Turner 
said. Some recent research has shown that, with two applications a year, sulfur-coated urea gener-ally results in a more consistent 
year-round response than other slow-release materials also applied twice a year. Also, one application per year of sulfur-coated urea has come closer to providing satisfactory turf 
year-round than other slow-release materials applied once a 
year. Ureaformaldehyde Ureaformaldehyde has been used since the early 1950's and is still a popular nitrogen source. 
Produced by reacting urea with 
formaldehyde, the most common ureaformaldehyde products are 38 to page 12 > z n > z a c <j) > P0 iŠ* CO 
00 
ro You can win against weeds in early spring and lose to disease by early summer. But that won't happen when you make two applications of Daconil 2787* flowable fungicide a basic part of your early season program. Daconil 2787 controls Helminthosporium leaf spot, red thread and dollar spot. The three major diseases that can destroy everything you've done early in the season to give your customers a vigorous, good looking lawn. Leaf spot develops in cool weather when temperatures range between 45° and 60°F. Dollar spot and red thread immediately follow, developing at temperatures between 60° and 75°F which is exactly the time when leaf spot starts to become severe. First rate, effective control of all three diseases starts with Daconil 2787. Get the first spray on at "green up" or shortly after the first mowing. Make your second Daconil 2787 spray two to three weeks later. And count on superior coverage, unsurpassed retention and proven residual control. Plus excellent turf tolerance. What's more, Daconil 2787 is just as effective against 29 ornamental diseases. So when you start your early season program this year, don't forget to fight disease with Daconil 2787 fungicide while you fight weeds. Daconil 2787 from Diamond Shamrock. It's the way to healthier lawns, better customer satisfaction 
and higher profits. For a FREE copy of our Disease and weed control guide for turf and ornamentals, write: Diamond Shamrock, Agricultural Chemicals Division, 1100 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114. Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals Division Diamond Shamrock Corporation 1100 Superior Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Always follow label directions carefully when using turf chemicals. Circle No. 107 on Reader Inquiry Card i A , A ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS FOR ROUNDUP Roundup* is a registered trademark of Monsanto Company. © Monsanto Company 1982. RGP-SP2-102 Lots of lawn care jobs you do are easier and faster with Roundup. Wherever you use it, Roundup® herbicide helps make weed control around your cus-tomers' homes fast, easy and effective. Just one application of Roundup controls tough labeled weeds right down to the roots, so they won't 
grow back. That means less need for time-consuming repeat treatments. And Roundup has no residual soil activity, so it can't wash or leach from treated areas to injure desirable vegetation. Whether you apply Roundup with a back-pack sprayer or a hand-held wiper, it effectively controls weeds wherever they grow Around shrubs and bushes. In sidewalk cracks. Along driveways. At the base of trees. Along fences. In and around flowering ornamentals. Spot lawn renovation. Edging around obstacles. You name itŠthere's virtually no limit to the uses of Roundup! So reach for Roundup before you begin your next lawn care job. It'll help make weed control 
faster and easierŠwhich can mean more profit 
for you. FOR A FREE GUIDE TO ROUNDUP, CALL 1-800-621-5800 TOLL FREE. IN ILLINOIS, CALL 1-800-972-5858. Monsanto INSIDE THE INDUSTRY oc cu < Cfl D < U z £ < J 'What's it gonna ran?' Budgeting for machinery costs R.K. Reynolds The machinery employed in the lawn care industry often repre-sents a substantial capital invest-ment. So said R. K. Reynolds, extension specialist in farm man-agement at Virginia Tech at the New Jersey Turfgrass Association Expo. The annual cost associated* with this investment is likely to be a significant part of the total cost of doing business. Management must, therefore, continually evaluate the machin-ery cost for various lawn care jobs 
and take the appropriate steps to reduce these costs. To buy new (or used) or lease a particular machine can be an important decision and have a major impact on machinery 
costs. When to replace machinery is also a critical decision that will often greatly influence business success. Machinery budgeting is the ap-propriate tool for management to use in evaluating the costs in-
volved with owning and operating 
the necessary machinery and equipment in the business. The example that follows illustrates the use of the machinery budget in estimating the annual cost of a one and one-half ton truck. The form used provides an easy to follow set of steps that lead from the purchase price to the total cost per year and the total cost per hour (or any other unit of measure) of use. Most of the numbers are hard EVALUATING MACHINERY REPLACEMENT iy2 TON TRUCK Present Machine Replacement Line Item Ave. Yr. Extra Yr. Alternative I (Ave. Yr.) Alternative II (Ave. Yr.) 1. Purchase Cost $10,000 Š $13,000 $11,750 2. Salvage value 1,000 Š 1,300 1,175 3. Cost to be recovered (line 1 minus line 2) $ 9,000 11,700 10,575 4. Estimated years of life 5 Year 6 5 5 5. Estimated annual use Fixed or Ownership Costs: 600 HRS. 600 HRS. 600 HRS. 600 HRS. 6. Factor for cost recovery & interest (12%) .2774 XX (15%) .2983 (12%) .2774 7. Cost recovery and interest (line 3 x line 6) $ 2,497 XX $ 3,490 $ 2,934 8. Interest on salvage value (line 2 x interest rate) (12%) 120 $ 120 (15%) 195 (12%) 141 9. Insurance, taxes, housing 400 400 400 400 10. License 50 50 50 50 11. Total fixed cost (add lines 7 through 10) $ 3,067 $ 570 $ 4,135 $ 3,525 12. Fixed cost per hour (line 11 -r line 5) Variable or Operating Costs: $ 5.11 $ 0.95 $ 6.89 $ 5.88 13. Fuel (gal./hr. x no. hrs. x price/gal.) $ 3,750 $ 4,500 $ 4,125 $ 4,125 14. Oil, grease, antifreeze 100 130 120 120 15. Repairs (incl. service labor, tires, etc.) 600 1,878 800 800 16. Total variable cost (add lines 13 through 15) $ 4,450 $ 6,508 $ 5,045 $ 5,045 17. Variable cost per hour (line 16 -r line 5) $ 7.42 $ 10.85 $ 8.41 $ 8.41 18. Total annual machine cost (line 11-1- line 16) $ 7,517 $ 7,078 $ 9,180 $ 8,570 19. Total cost per hour (line 18 -r- line 5) $ 12.53 $ 11.80 $ 15.30 $ 14.28 20. Other factors: downtime, reliability XX $
 1,000 XX XX 21. Total cost (line 18 + line 20) XX $ 8,078 $ 9,180 $ 8,570 facts or else require management to make reasonable estimates. Having estimated the total costs, the effect of increasing or de-creasing the volume of use can be evaluated. Note that total fixed or 
ownership costs consisting of de-preciation and interest (combined as cost recovery), insurance, taxes 
and housing, remain the same regardless of how much or how little use is made of the machine. Total operating costs have a direct relationship with the level of machine use. Therefore, while total fixed costs remain the same, 
the total fixed cost per hour de-creases as the machine is used more and more because these costs are spread over more volume or hours of use. Many firms get into 
financial trouble because they are under-utilizing their equipment. Total operating costs Total operating costs increase with greater use and decrease with lesser use. But, total operating costs per hour will remain about 
the same, regardless of use, in the illustration, if the one and one-half ton truck was utilized 900 hours 
rather than 600 hours, total fixed-
cost per hour would increase from $5.11 per hour to $3.41 and total cost per hour would drop from $12.53 to $10.83. Conversely, if the one and one-half ton truck used less than 600 hours annually, say 400 hours, total fixed cost per hour would increase substantially (to $7.67) and total cost per hour would be significantly greater ($15.09). The preparation of Estimates of Annual Machine Cost for both new and used machines will help man-
agement determine which is the better buy. Comparison of the cost of leasing the same machine with the total of the appropriate costs 
from the budget will allow man-agement to determine break-even machine rental rates. Break-even labor cost With regard to labor-saving machinery, the total annual 
machine cost (line 18) divided by the labor cost will indicate the hours of labor necessary to save each year to justify that annual machine cost. Similarly, dividing the total annual machine cost for a labor-saving machine by the hours of labor estimated to be saved will 
reveal the break-even labor cost per hour that could be paid before purchasing the machine. Since labor and machinery can substitute for each other in some instances within the business op-eration, it is often helpful to analzye these segments of cost at 
the same time. The machinery budgeting technique outlined here along with labor budgeting are the 
appropriate management tools for 
such analyses. When to replace machinery is an to page 16 FAST IN SEASON SERVICE BEST IN SEASON PRICES CLEAN CROP® FOUR POWER PLUS Four Power Plus is the most effective, efficient and economical 2, 4-D, Banvel® combination broadleaf herbicide available. Control a wide spec-trum of broadleaf weeds with only one application. Applicator proven-successful performance in the field Thousands of gallons sold in 1981 Registered with E.P.A. 8 to 1 ratio of 2, 4-D Banvel® solution Banvel is a Reg. TM of Velsicol Chemical Corporation » DIAZINON® FORMULATIONS Quality controlled and competitively priced, Diazinon® insecticide granules are specially sized for lawn application use. Select the Diazinon® formula you need from a variety of convenient package sizes. Diazinon® effectively and economically controls a wide range in insect pests. DIAZINON® AG-500 DIAZINON® 14G DIAZINON® 5G Convenient package sizes to choose from Diazinon is a Reg. TM of Ciba Geigy FOUR POWER DP (WEEDONE DP)® For excellent post emergent control of oxalis, spurge, ground ivy, and other broadleaf weeds in turf use Four Power DP...an outstanding herbicide for your hard to control weed problems. Best post emergent spurge and oxalis control available Weedone is a Reg. TM of Union Carbide Corporation ^ BETASAN® 4-E Control crabgrass, annual bluegrass, barnyard grass, shepherdspurse and other grass weeds with Betasan® 4-E. This economical pre-emergent herb-icide is ideal for us on on home lawns, parks, golf courses, ornamental plants and ground covers. Call us for the best in season prices Betasan is a Reg. TM of Stauffer Chemical Co. BOND SUPER STICKER Use Bond Super Sticker to insure better phenoxy herbicide performance. Mix Bond with any phenoxy herbicide and more chemical will target the weed pest to give you extended efficiency. Bond is a Reg. TM of Loveland Ind. Read and follow all label instructions Clean Corp is Reg. TM of Balcom Chemicals, Inc.; Dursban is Reg TM of Dow Chemical Co.; Sevimol is Reg. TM of Union Carbide Corporation; Betasan is Reg. TM of Stauffer Chemical Co.; Diazinon is Reg. TM of Ciba Geigy; Dacthal is Reg. TM of Diamond Shamrock Corp.; Banvel is Reg. TM of Velsicol Chemical Corp.; weedone is Reg. TM of Union Carbide Corp.; Cythion is Reg. TM of American Cyanmid Corp. CLIP AND SAVE BALCOM SPECIAL PRODUCTS 419 18th St., Greeley, CO 80632 (303) 356-4400 r 1 WHATEVER YOUR COMMERCIAL REQUIREMENTS SEE YOUR CLEAN CROP REPRESENTATIVE TODAY. Below are just a few of the many other Clean Crop products available: ACTIVATOR W DACTHAL 5G DURSBAN 2E DURSBAN 2.5G DURSBAN 4 E 
METHORYCHLOR 2 E 
MALATHION 55EC 
MALATHION ULV CYTHION ULV FOUR POWER SUPER D WEEDONE WEEDONE H G (Granule) 
WEEDONE SUPER B K 32 BETASAN® 12 5G & 7G PROFESSIONAL TREE AND TURF PRODUCTS THE ONE SUPPLIER FOR ALL YOUR CHEMICAL NEEDS When you purchase from Balcom Special Products you get Ł WHAT YOU NEED Ł WHEN YOU NEED IT Ł WHERE YOU NEED IT TOOLS,TIPS,TECHNIQUES 12 FERTILIZATION from page 7 percent nitrogen with approxi-mately 27 percent water-insoluble nitrogen. Two basic forms have been available, powdered (which is sprayable) and granular. Re-cently, a flowable ureaformal-dehyde material has been pro-
duced. Under given environmental conditions, the rate of nitrogen oc a* < > PC H CO D Q 2 < U z £ < J release from ureaformaldehyde depends primarily on the ratio of urea to formaldehyde used to 
manufacture the fertilizer. The more urea used in production in relation to the amount of formal-dehyde, the quicker will be the release of nitrogen from urea-formaldehyde. As more formal-dehyde is added, longer-chained 
ureaformaldehyde polymers form from which nitrogen is more to page 17 BUILT THE OLD FASHIONED WAY. The rugged Mighty Spike Spiking aerator and spreader with the precision dispenser. This heavy-duty self-propelled walk behind machine can seed, fertilize and aerate a lawn efficiently, conserving precious time and 
expensive materials. It works in hard to service areas like around pools, trees and steep hills. Power is 
supplied by a gear reduced 3 h.p. Briggs & Stratton engine and is controlled by levers mounted near 
the guide handles. InflpROVEcJ LAWN EQUIPMENT Coup. 9 Skylark Drive Ł Spring Valley, NY 10977 Ł (914)354-3933 Circle No. 114 on Reader Inquiry Card Watch for borer damage in May, June It is not always the bugs that you see on leaves that are damaging customer shrubs and trees. Sometimes, a group of internally feeding insects Š known collectively as borers Š cause destruction by working chiefly on the vital cambium, or 
"living bark" of trunk and root systems. May and June are the months for borers to be active Š and this is also the time to take control measures, says Dr. Lee Hellman, extension insect specialist and associate professor of entomology at the University of Maryland. Dr. Hellman said that insect traps indicated an especially high number of lilac borers in his area last year. Sample counts also indicated fairly high populations of dogwood, peachtree 
and rhododendron borers. Fruit and shade trees, as well as several kinds of ornamental shrubs, suffer severely as the borer larvae eat the succulent tissues of the swelling cambium layer. The borer larvae emerge during May and June from eggs laid to page 19 With five dual-action Tee Time fertilizer/insecticide combinations, we'll stay out of the argument. Tee Time Fertilizer 30-3-5 MnH^A; ^ The H > f 'T Andersons knows that turf-care profes-
sionals are split on their pref-erences for either 
Dursban® 
or Diazi-non® for proven and effective insect control. We don't like to argue. That's why, as the pro-fessional's partner, The Andersons developed a full line of Tee Time fertilizer/ insecticide combinations to 
meet your personal prefer-ences and special job re-quirements. We manufacture ^ five differ-Tee Time Fertilizer 28-3-9 Tee Time nutrients to promote healthy turf. Our com-bination Tee Time fertilizer/ insecticide products deliver a lot of "pluses" that directly benefit you. You get: Broad Insect Control... with either Dursban or Diazinon you get effective control of a wide range of destructive insects. ŁT Tee Time Fertilizer 18-3-5 Tee Time Fertilizer 38 0-0 ent dual-action products 
incorpo-
rating Dursban or 
Diazinon Š along with 
expertly formulated Proven Safe Control. Dursban and Diazinon are the most proven and ^ established insecticides on the market. Years of 
rigorous field-testing and on-the-job Tee Time Fertilizer 18-3-5 perform-ance have assured positive results without negative environ-mental effects when applied properly. Product and Labor Saving Economies... because the dual-action of the products feed the turf as well as control insects, Tee Time performs two jobs with one application. Quality Assurance ... as always, The Andersons stands behind their fertilizer/ insecticide products with technical support, depend-able service, and turf-care industry leadership. Ask your Tee Time dis-tributor for more informa-tion about The Andersons' fertilizers with Dursban or Diazinon. He'll tell you why we use the top two profes-sionally preferred insecti-
cides in our dual action Tee 
Time fertilizer/insecticide products. Now who needs to argue about that? the professional's partnerŽ Ihe.^EES* Andersons Lawn Fertilizer Division P.O. Box 119 
Maumee, Ohio 43537 Ohio: 800-472-3220 Outside Ohio: 800-537-3370 Dursban' TYademark of Dow Chemical Co. Diazinon" Trademark of Ciba-Geigy 2,4-D from page 1 Old Fox Lawn Care, Inc., Harold Duncan, Asplundh Tree, Dr. Robert Yeary, ChemLawn Corp., and Robert Osterman of the Golf Course Superintendents Associa-tion of America. Dorothy Gifford, a local citizen who alleged that she and her children suffered after affects of 2,4-D sprayed near her home, testified in favor of the bill. Jim Wilkinson, representing the Professional Lawn Care Associa-tion of America, testified that he knew of no known instance of human injury resulting from the application of 2,4-D following labelled directions. Wilkinson testified that the highly toxic dioxin 2,3,7,8-TCDD 
has not been shown to be present in 2,4-D, the loss of which would 
place a considerable economic burden on the average small businessman operating in the lawn care industry. There are over 70 known dioxins, some of which are highly toxic. None of these have been identified in 2,4-D. Send Meeting Dates to: Editor/LCI 757 Third Ave. New York, NY 10017 Proven, Dependable, Light In Weight Easy To Operate FELDMANN PORTABLE EARTH AUGER in-sure hand throttle stops auger rotation as throttle lever is released One or two man operation 3 HP Engine Safety Clutch 4". 6" and 8" diameter interchangeable augers Hardened alloy steel auger bits The perfect tool for fencing. sign post installation, soil percolation, tree and shrub planting Easily converted to power ice drill for ice fishing Model 40 C»il or writ* tor low prlct Feldmann Engineering A Manufacturing Co.. Inc. P.O. Box 153, Dept Sheboygan Falls. Wl 53085 414/467-6167 Circle No. 101 on Reader Inquiry Card PRICE from page 1 said Peter Connelly, vice-president. "But we don't have quite the pressure that other mar-kets do." The first three increments in lawn sizes will be raised, however, with the smallest standard size up 7.6 percent, the next smallest up 3.5 percent, and just 1.4 percent for the third lawn size increment. Thereafter, says Connelly, the prices for the bigger lawns will drop in price just less than eight 
percent. "There are two basic reasons we are approaching the year this way," said Connelly. "First we are 
very aware of the economic pres-sure facing consumers in 1982. On the other hand, we have faith in the ability of the economy to hold the 
line on inflation. And right now our cancellation rate is running lower. We are cautiously optimis-tic about the coming year." Connelly's comments were echoed by Ralph Lund, director of marketing at the ChemLawn Corp., Columbus, Oh., who told LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY that ChemLawn plans only marginal price in-creases in 1982. "Everybody is 
very aware that the state of the economy is not at its best this 
year," said Lund. "And that, to a large extent, influenced our deci-sion." Bulk urea down In the more westerly market of Hubbard, Ore., where Paul Bizon is manager at Pro-grass Lawn 
Service, Inc., prices will hop five 
percent. "While we didn't want to 
raise prices a whole lot," said Bizon, "we did want to lessen the burden for 1983, when we assume the cost of chemicals, wages and prices will rise. Bizon said that the cost of bulk urea has gone down this year which would help defray costs somewhat. John Latting, of Lawn Groomer, Normal, 111., said that his company was paying about 10 percent less 
for urea than it had in 1981, and 
that this in part allowed his com-pany to raise prices only three 
percent on the average this year. He said that he expects to see the fertilizer market "significantly depressed" for some time. He also 
said that the general economic climate had not affected his com-pany's cancellation rate this year, which is running from between six 
to eight percent, depending on the area. "They'll never get this industry for price fixing, that's for sure," said Jerry Faulring, president of Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, Md. 
Faulring is optimistic about his 1982 prospects and said that Hydro Lawn will raise prices in the 
range of six-and-a-half to seven percent according to program features this year. He remains concerned, how-ever, with what he considers a 
softening of price structuring 
around the industry. "I am one who firmly believes that the in-dustry is giving away services to begin with and that our whole base line is too low. I think you should increase your prices at least with the rate of inflation and maybe even more to recover what the industry has given away over the years." Faulring stated that the real winners this year will probably be the consumers who have been paying a cheap price all along. 
"The survivors in this industry are going to be the ones that are 
strongly oriented to customer service Š follow ups, the whole relationship." At Pro-Lawn Plus in Baltimore, Md. prices will be increased two dollars an application. The effect is that the smaller accounts would be hit with about an eight percent increase, while the largest ac-counts will incur insignificant increases. "In 1974, the industry was very young," said Frank Ste-vens, president. "You could al-most increase your business whether you wanted to or not. This 
time around I feel that the economic outlook is a bit more gloomy, and a feel that most 
people are feeling some of the 
results of the recession." On the other hand, Stevens says that Pro-Lawn Plus has not experi-enced the normal number of can-
cellations this year. COST CUTTINGS Paying attention to software Many lawn care businessmen make a lot of mistakes when they shop for their first computer, reports the Associated Landscape Contractors of America Construction newsletter. They become too involved with the purchase of the hardware, and don't pay enough attention to the software. You can have the largest and 
finest piece of IBM equipment in the universe, but if it's not programned to do your job, it's not going to be cost-effective for you. Instead of spending a lot of time listening to the hardware sales pitches, talk to other businessmen who have already purchased computers. Ask them specifically about the advan-tages and disadvantages of their machines. Spend some time 
reviewing those aspects of your business that you'd like to automate. Think about additional tasks that would be practical 
with the appropriate computer. You can never spend too much 
time learning about computer systens. 13 > z n > z a c C/3 > Ł"0 23 There's nothing on earth like vnsun*^* ,SO V O * ^^ n 11 s"en0 ^^s £r*pst Kffltutky bHicgrass sttd aumW* Pitkihw " -Š 6ARHUD MlUUSOM. M&. fftTJ West S«fe Av* J*** City N J JACklW SttO COMPANY, * >m J*cWm Kvt f\\$l Łs ^mŁ WWS TURKAJkSS, INC :006 Lpquot Aw tonerm Ca ' TWIN CITY St ID tiMPANY. $00 30m Avr \ f VtonNMttS V nn Ł fWTHWn t SEEtKS (IN CANADA*. f 0 Box $11 L 0 ind TWIN CITY SttD Mi. $00 AW \ t Vinnw|HM;< V nn Ł fWTHWfl t SEEM (IN CANADA*, 511. Undsay. Qawo MOWING/MAINTENANCE MARKETPLACE DC CL < < u z £ < J How these four men make i4i Tom Oyler Jim OyJer Vic Nocera Frank Timmons Florida look this good The list of contradictions that characterize the state of Florida seem to be endless. A proudly southern state Š but by no means Dixieland Š it's inhabited by hoardes of northern cousin^. A state that gives off the illusion 'of youth, it's also a haven for the elderly. And a state of immense 
wealth, much of it is industrially underdeveloped. But Florida landscape mainte-nance contractors aren't in the least squeamish. On the contrary, they are sure and optimistic about a market that promises to break wide open in the coming years as more and more people flock to their state in search of greener pastures. The place is in the 
middle of a bout of condo-mania 
second to none. And maintenance contractors are taking advantage of 
it. One of the toughest But let's begin at the beginning Š from the ground up. Most of Florida's landscapes are made up of St. Augustine and Bahia Š 
dark green, creeping perennial grasses. Since much of the soil in Florida is exceedingly sandy and salty, the grasses have to be fairly salt tolerant and drought resistant. "This is one of the toughest maintenance markets in the 
United States," said Frank Tim-mons, president of Ladybug In-dustries in Jacksonville. "Every-thing, including insects and dis-ease, thrives here." Since most of the grasses are of a creeping nature, Timmons says 
that sidewalks, curbs, and beds have to be edged and trimmed every week. Because the soil is so sandy, the ground acts as a sieve, and water and soil nutrients tend to leach rapidly. "We can have three inches of rain and in an hour can be out there mowing with very The rolling landscape of the Boca West resort in Boca Raton has been maintained with special attention to detail by Leisure Landscaping of southern Florida. little visible effect," said Tim-mons. In addition, mole crickets in northern Florida have developed a healthy appetite for the Bahia and strong resistance to MOCAP, an insecticide with a low LD-50. "Their resistance to the treatment is very high the further south you go," said Bruce Saar, a mainte-
nance manager at Ladybug. "You may have two or three hatches a year and they dwell about three 
feet under the surface during the day. At night, they come up to feed and you have to get them with surface baits." Another hazard of mole crickets in the Florida area is that they are a tunnelling creature. The furrows left by their forages allow air into 
the soil which may damage turf 
and leave the turf carpet spongy. 'The maintenance result is that if 
you are going to run a lot of heavy equipment over the soil, you may eventually alter the landscape over 
the long term," said Timmons. Machinery intensive In order to tackle their mainte-nance effort in Jacksonville, Ladybug's equipment inventory includes two Toro Groundsmas-ters, five 72-inch Hustlers, three 50-inch Jacobsens, and an assort-ment of Tractors and Bush-hogs; 
also: a fleet of 50 Jacobsen 21-inch cutters and four Turf King 84-inch. Their inventory lacks, however, a heavy stock of the intermediate-
ranged 36-inch mowers. Timmons believes that these mowers are probably less than cost effective. "I think people are deluding them-selves as far as those mowers go," he said. "It takes two men, for instance, to load and unload one of them. And in comparison, there are very few turf areas that an even bigger mower can't get into." A company as machinery-intensive as Ladybug is particu-
larly sensitive to the ready availa-bility of replacement parts for their large inventory. Timmons, like many mowing and maintenance businessmen, decries the some-times scant availability of neces-sary parts and accessories for his expensive nowers. "At eight and ten thousand dollars a crack, it gets very expensive when a machine is down due to the lack of a small 
part." But he does not blame the manufacturers exclusively for this 
problem, but believes that the maintenance industry itself is 
somewhat to blame. "We are not 
exclusively non-negligent as an industry," he said. "The principle that keeps us in business is finding a better or more efficient way to do something. And we obviously have not solved the availability problem thus far." Timmons believes that the maintenance contractors around the country can afford to be more communicative as an industry. A much talked about, but little acted-upon example is the forma-tion of a cooperation of contrac-tors, an association of business-men that might act as their own 
suppliers. "It is not a new idea," he said. "But it is a good one. Man-ufacturers might shy away from it at first, but only until they realized 
they were dealing with a billion dollar industry." Wide open market vette, Oyler Brothers, Inc. was founded upon work that was con-sidered unglamorous at the time. In the midst of a real estate boom that was perhaps overly sanguine, 
the Orlando market was being raided by those looking for quick returns. When the market finally ebbed, Oyler was there with a solid 
base of moderate accounts which nance jobs," said Ken Oyler, vice-president of the company and 
heavily involved in maintenance 
responsibilities. "We are ex-
tremely conscious of keeping our maintenance work emphasized." Although involved more heav-ily in route maintenance, wherein a crew has an established weekly schedule of appointments, Oyler 66A groundskeeping system coupled with a routing system is the method that works best for us," said Ken Oyler. "But we still hold that a maintenance business is unadaptable to traditional forms of marketing provided him with ready receiva-bles. And he had a reputation. But the real basis of the business is a provision for quality mainte-nance. It is currently the basis of a company that has expanded into a 
variety of maintenance services including business consulting. "We want to sell high mainte-Brothers has for some time now developed their "grounds-keeping" maintenance accounts Š a job system in which an Oyler Brothers crew works an account permanently, with an exclusive 
equipment, operations, and profits base. "Ultimately we would like a good balance between our route and groundskeeping accounts," said Oyler. While skeptical about the merits or even the posssibility of mar-keting maintenance services, Oyler Brothers believes that the best way to expand their services is 
by setting up a groundskeeping account first and then developing 
a routing system with the market area. They currently have on-site 
maintenance centers in Tampa, Clearwater, Ocala, St. Petersburg, and Port Richie. "We don't want to add a route until we have a groundskeeping base sufficient to offset the major overhead costs of a route in that market," said Oyler. "The groundskeeping on-site profit centers work because they are 
relatively low overhead accounts with a far lower indirect job over-head than in a route system. The 
beauty of the system is that there is 
virtually no unapplied labor on a groundskeeping job once the con-tract has been signed." to page 18 n > c cn CO 00 
to As far as he is concerned, the Florida mowing and maintenance market is wide open, only just partially penetrated by the maintenance contractors through-out the state. "We are not even beginning to see what will de-velop," he said. "Government bidding, public works, utilities, and industrial accounts, these are some areas that will be opening up in the coming years." In order to prepare for this kind of large-scale maintenance ven-ture and to better analyze just exactly what it does cost to do a 
job, Ladybug Industries is now equipped with a computer which has a current software capability of some 50 programs. Among them now instituted are payroll, billing, job costing, accounts payable, and budgeting programs which can 
retrieve and accept historical business data in a fraction of the 
time it would take a financial staff. And, it can extrapolate existing statistics as an aid to planning investment and growth. "More companies will become very large in the future," muses Timmons. "But it will not happen until we as an industry have maximized both our management and equipment knowledge to the point at which we know just exactly what it will cost to do the jobs that will be coming down the pike." Over three million A set of businessnen who would agree with this assessment are 
Tom and Ken Oyler of the Oyler Brothers, Inc. in Orlando. A com-
pany that posted in excess of three million dollars last year, Oyler Brothers are very conscious of cost determination. "The key to suc-cess in this industry, especially for 
the smaller contractor," said Tom Oyler, "is to keep on top of your 
cash flow. It is what hurts the underdeveloped contractor 
everytime." Started in the mid-seventies with one mower and a 1965 Cor-LESCO HAS DEVELOPED THE FINEST SULFUR-COATED FERTILIZERS AVAILABLE TODAY."* Art Wick Fertilizer Product Manager LESCO Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers provide good initial greenup. deep color and even growth for three months. The superior perform^ ofLfcSCO Sul'urCoated Fertilize prov idf the turf manager with the (basik optimum turf quality at an PR. pi economical cost. Ł03 IPDllUaiQ *VOQ .^imqung pSpui iijiMftii"If iiij]])ii)iir L ODS^m^SS^^te afetiM tonpaaj pu? [GJiuoD pasui joj sapi/voaf aujlj«)z;|!y«>j ODS31 Ul aftl asRa|aj-pa||o.i}uoD p auji -sji^i jotjeu -iqtuoo -. ueq&mQ I pappe seq fipnpojj ODS31 IWJWJpasui 
Ajjpanb pui? jjru Ajj|enb qjiM noA 
apiAoad O} jaifljnj auo au|| iasq|p>&j pa*Bo>jn||ns ODS31 jaBeuewpnpoid iBDiuuaq;} jjnj[ pupjuiyyv Mf 3MO 3NI [ £ t ILLH&I a: (iv oo -UHSnVlf SJL( M3MV1 SVH ODSfT Call Barb to place your order PRODUCTS 300 South Abbe Road'Elyria, Ohio 44035 A division of Lakeshore Equipment and Supply Co Circle No. 116 on Reader Inquiry Card 16 MACHINE COSTING from page 10 ^ important question that manage-ment must evaluate carefully in 2 order to avoid an unnecessary < drain on business profits. When engaged in making machinery re-placement decisions, a number of other questions surface. Is it time to trade? Should I repair this >. machine or replace it? Sooner or later these questions must be an-swered. § Just how soon depends upon: (1) Ž the age and condition of the * present equipment; (2) the availa-u bility and cost of repair parts and > service labor; and (3) the projected use of the equipment; (4) financial capability of the business; (5) the type and quality of maintenance program; (6) labor cost (wages and bonuses plus value of fringe bene-fits); (7) the availability and cost of new technology, either labor-
saving or quality-enhancing; and (8) the skill of the equipment operators. In evaluating machinery re-placement there may be a number of options: (1) continue to operate the old machine with escalating 
repairs and downtime, (2) to incur 
a major overhaul that will restore the machine to near normal per-
formance for a few more years, or (3) replace with another machine. Time to replace Essentially, when the projected cost of operating a machine one more year is equal to or greater than the projected annual cost of its replacement, it is time to re-place. To fully evaluate machinery re-placement may require that a 
number of machinery budgets be prepared as shown in the one and one-half ton truck illustration. As-sume that the busy season in year 
five of the truck has been com-pleted and management is in the process of putting together next year's proposed budget. The condition of the one and one-half ton truck is such that significant repairs will be neces-
sary if this machine is to be 
counted on for use in business operations another year. Thus, a decision must be made as to whether or not to replace the one and one-half ton truck at this time. Salvage value In the illustration, the first col-umn contains the figures as shown earlier that represent an average year during the five year life of the one and one-half ton truck. The 
second column contains cost esti-mates for another or extra year beyond the original estimated life, which is represented by year six. It is important to note the differences 
in some of the costs for year six from those shown in the average 
year column. To begin with, by the end of year five the purchase cost less salvage (described as cost to be 
recovered) has been fully recov-ered and is, therefore, excluded as 
a fixed cost in year six. The salvage value ($1,000), however, would continue in exis-tence and thus the 12 percent interest charge is also shown in year six. The remaining fixed costs 
would continue should the truck be kept another year. With the exclusion of the cost recovery and interest charge in year six, the estimated total fixed cost (line 11) 
for one more year beyond the five-year life is significantly lower ($570 compared to $3,067 for the average year). Some differences also are likely to exist in year six for the variable or operating costs. Fuel consump-tion is estimated to be less efficient in year six than was the case, on the average, during the original five-year life (six gallons/hour in 
year six rather than five gallons/ hour). An increase in oil usage is anticipated, thus, raising this cost. A primary cost increase in year six has to do with repairs. Based on the repair cost record information as shown below and the need for additional major repairs should 
the truck be kept another year, repairs and tires are estimated at 
$1,878 for year six (a 75 percent increase from year five). iy2 Ton Truck Repair Cost Š Records To Date Ł Year one Š $300 Ł Year two Š $395 Š 32 per-cent increase Ł Year three Š $517 Š 31 percent increase Ł Year four Š $715 Š 38 per-cent increase Ł Year five Š $1,073 Š 50 percent increase Ł $3,000 Š Avg. $600/year. Ł Projected for year six Š $1,878 The variable costs for another year total $6,508 (line 16). Other factors such as reliability and downtime as described earlier 
must also be considered when evaluating machinery replace-ments. In the illustration, man-agement has estimated that there 
could be a loss of income in year six, even with the major repairs being made, due to the truck breaking down, being out of serv-ice for repair or performing un-satisfactorily. This loss of income has been estimated at $1,000 for year six (line 20). Therefore, with the esti-mates shown, the total cost to keep the present one and one-half ton 
truck an extra year equals $8,078 (line 21). The two remaining columns on the illustration contain projected annual costs for two one and 
one-half ton truck replacement When to replace machinery is an important question that management must evaluate carefully in order to avoid unnecessary drains on business profits. You 
should ask: "Is it time to trade? Should I repair it?" Sooner or later these questions must be answered. How many turf in this Heres a clue. D-z-n Diaainon controls every insect you see 
here, from the root-eating white 
grub to the juice-sucking chinch hug. In fact, Dzn Diazinon 
has the biggest label of any turf insecticide. And that makes it the perfect choice for broad spec trum control in both commercial and residential turf. Need another clue? D z n con-trols damaging worms including alternatives. With regard to the replacement shown in the alterna-tive I column, it is assumed that the purchase cost for a comparable one and one-half ton truck is $13,000 with a cost to be recovered of $11,700 over five years at 15 percent interest. This assumption, along with a 15 percent interest 
charge on the salvage value and other fixed costs remaining as shown in previous columns, re-sults in a total annual fixed cost of $4,135 (line 11). Annual variable cost for this replacement alterna-
tive totals $5,045 (line 16). This total is greater than that shown in the Average Year col-umn for the present machine be-cause of an anticipated lower fuel efficiency (5.5 gallons per hour versus five gallons per hour) and 
higher prices for oil, grease, anti-freeze and repairs. The total an-nual cost for replacement Alterna-tive One is $9,180 (line 18). Based on the evaluation to this point, the correct management decision would be to keep the present one and one-half ton truck 
another year since the annual cost 
for replacenent Alternative One exceeds the extra-year cost (year six) of the present machine by $1,102 ($9,180 minus $8,078). Obviously, the primary conclu-sion in this evaluation is that, 
based on the assumed capital recovery rate for the replacement (15 percent, five years), a very significant expenditure for re-pairs, tires, etc., may be feasible before investing in a replacement machine. Would it change the decision if, through more shopping around for a comparable one and one-half ton truck and for better financial ar-rangements, the purchase cost 
could be lowered to $11,750 and the interest rate lowered to 12 percent? This replacement possi-bility is shown in the Alternative II column. Except for the lower pur-chase cost and interest rate, all other factors are held the same as to page 19 yqurlnmi "ssr """SnaPŽ1" Grub control doorhangers, designed to explain treatment measures, are 
available from TUCO, manufacturers of Proxol insecticide, 7000 Portage Rd., Dept. 9510-190, Kalamazoo, MI, 49001. X:, m .V f -v A* / j insects are hiding picture? cutworms, sod webworms and armyworms. Plus it takes care of nuisance pests like ants, fleas and chiflgers. We've mentioned 8 species on the label but that's not even half. Keep counting: And when you place your next insecticide order, ask your supplier for the biggest label in the businessŠ D / n Diazinon. PS: You'll find the answer below. CIBA-GEIGY FERTILIZATION fmm page 12 slowly released. Thus, products can be made which range from extremely slow-release to rela-
tively fast-release by altering the 
amount of urea and formaldehyde mixed. The most common products, such as Blue Chip and Powder 
Blue, marketed by BFC Chemicals, Inc., Wilmington, Del., have 
urea-to-formaldehyde ratios of about 1.3:1. Recently, however, faster-releasing materials with urea-to-formaldehyde ratios as high as 1.9:1 have been tested, are being marketed, and look prom-ising. Ureaformaldehyde is basically an insoluble compound, with ni-trogen being released through de-gradation of the fertilizer by soil microorganisms, Dr. Turner said. Thus, any factor affecting micro-bial activity, such as soil moisture, temperature, pH and aeration, also 
affects the rate of nitrogen releases 
from ureaformaldehyde. As con-ditions become less favorable for microbial activity, nitrogen will be released from ureaformaldehyde 
at a slower rate. Since environ-
mental conditions which favor turfgrass are similar to those which favor microbial activity, nitrogen release from urea-formaldehyde should occur at 
rates similar to turfgrass require-
ments. However, there are two excep-tions. In early spring, when cooler soil temperatures exist, a lag time 
exists between initial turfgrass growth and the release of nitrogen from ureaformaldehyde due to microbial activity. Thus, early spring greening is substantially poorer when ureaformaldehyde is compared to sulfur-coated urea 
and especially IBDU. Also, during very warm weather, release of nitrogen can at times be greater than is needed for growth. For the first two to four years of use, ureaformaldehyde is less-efficient than IBDU and sulfur-
coated urea, Dr. Turner said. Methylol ureas These materials are short-chained ureaformaldehyde-type products that are soluble and are commonly about 25 to 30 percent 
nitrogen. The theory behind the slow-release action of methylol urea is 
that when the short-chained polymers in solution (originally 
pH of 9.0 to 10.0) reach the soil, the 
decrease in pH causes longer-chained ureaformaldehyde polymers to form. These longer-chained polymers would take 
longer to be broken down by soil microorganisms, thus nitrogen release would be delayed. How-
ever, there is not as yet much data supporting this theory. If this is true, soil pH should have a major influence on turfgrass 
response to methylol urea and could make the response some-
what unpredictable. Although it has been hoped that methylol urea would act as a soluble slow-release nitrogen source, early results from research indicate that length of turfgrass response to methylol urea is very 
similar to soluble nitrogen source 
urea. However, it should be pointed out that response to urea to page 24 CtrciS No 105 or> factor Inquiry Cafd a. < MARKETING IDEA FILE <z> D Q 2 < U 2 £ < J Marketing mailers available from PLCAA The Professional Lawn Care Association of America (PLCAA), has printed its first generic industry-wide promotion piece to be used by its members as a marketing tool. On linen-style, cream-colored paper 5V2 inches wide and 3V2 inches deep, the association has printed its "Code of Ethics" with the following introduction: "The Code of Ethics is adopted by the PLCAA to promote and maintain high standards of public service and conduct in order that lawn care may justly be regarded as a profession; that the public may have increasing confidence in its integrity; and that the practice of lawn care may best serve the public interest." The mailer is intended to be stuffed inside other company correspondence to promote the professionalism of PLCAA members. For information about PLCAA, contact: Jane Stecker, PLCAA, Suite 7171, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, 312-644-0828. Frank Timmons at the controls of his computer, which has a current soft ware capability of some 50 programs, among them: payroll, billing, and costing. FLORIDA from page 15 In addition, there is a higher man-hour rate for a routing system than for a groundskeeping system. The Oyler Brothers say they are very conscientious of a strict budgeting for man-hours in any job estimate. "If we do happen to be overbudgeted for manhours, however, we can constantly be upgrading the property at a minimum of the cost," said Tom Oyler. The on-site groundskeeping coupled with a supplementary 
routing system is the method that 
the Oyler Brothers have chosen. But they still hold that a mainte-nance business is unadaptable to 
traditional forms of marketing. It is 
one thing, they believe, to market a 
chemical lawn care service Š an industry that depends upon a maximization of volume. But for the most part, maintenance is more labor intensive and carries more 
overhead per unit cost, carrying with it an unreasonable marketing potential. Low attrition rate Most of their growth state-wide, therefore, has been passive in the sense that the clients have pro-vided the distribution. A client pleased with their services in one 
part of the state may contract for their services in another if he is, for instance, a developer. "The client is the common thread in terms of any maintenance marketing you attempt," said Oyler. "And re-gions throughout the state don't vary agronomically that much, so you don't really have to confront different technical problems." Oyler Brothers have found that their client attrition rate has been lower than average in the last three years, as their network of client 
related jobs continues to grow. Much of it has been achieved through a tight accounting of man-hours and a committment to a thorough understanding of the cost of doing business. "Every-body pays just about the same costs for material," said Tom Oyler. "The key is to cut down on your unapplied time and labor." The company that is working very hard to do just that and with a rapid growth rate in the Delray to page 22 TOOLS TIPS TECHNIQUES from page 12 at the base of trees and shrubs. As they begin feeding, they are tiny white worms, about 1/16 of an inch long, with brown heads. They immediately begin tunneling through the bark to the trunk and root system. Mature larvae reach about one inch in length. The borer larvae return to the outer bark surface in about three weeks to pupate and emerge as noths. Some species may produce nore than one generation per year. Recommended insecticides for borer control vary with the type of plant to be treated. All such chemical materials should be sprayed or painted on trees or shrubs in accordance with label directions. Here are some examples: Ł For dogwood borers, apply endosulfan or lindane to the trunk in early May, early June and early July. Ł For lilac borers, apply Dursban, endosulfan or lindane on the bark, trunk, large branches and wounds at three-week intervals from early April to early June. Ł For peachtree borers, apply lindane from mid-May through mid-July, wetting the trunk and ground thoroughly. Ł For rhododendron borers, apply lindane on trunk and branches in early May and twice more at three-week intervals. before year seven since changes can occur in the cost estimates for 
an additional year on the present machine as well as the replace-ment alternatives. Therefore, machinery replacement should be 
evaluated on an annual basis or some other time period that is appropriate for the business. The procedure outline here pro-vides a relatively simple process by which management can quickly evaluate several alternatives. This systematic procedure pro-vides the manager with the essen-tial information needed to make sound management decisions. 
Since it is the manager's responsi-bility to avoid financial mistakes, use of a "tool" of this kind will improve the quality of decisions in this important aspect of the opera-
tion. Don't let new paint fever get you into trouble! MACHINE COSTING from page 17 Alternative I. This arrangement lowers the annual fixed cost (Line 11) to $3,525 and, thus, total annual cost (Line 18) is $8,570. The appropri-ate management decision if Alter-native II is the case might be to replace rather than keep the pres-
ent truck another year since the difference in annual cost is less than $500 ($8,570 minus $8,078). Other replacement alternatives could be evaluated with this pro-cedure. An important point to 
remember, however, is that if the decision is to keep the present machine another year (year six in the illustration), the replacement evaluation should be made again DATES Southeastern Turfgrass Conference, April 12-13, Rural Development Center, Tifton, Ga. Contact: Dr. G. W. Burton, Coastal Plains Station, Tifton, Ga. 31793, (912) 386-3353. Alabama Turfgrass Field Day, April 22, Turfgrass Research Unit, Auburn Univer-sity, Auburn, Al. Contact: Kim M. Scheffer, Extension Hall, Auburn University, Au-burn, Al. 36949, (205) 826-4985. Southern California Turfgrass Council Turf and Landscape Institute, May 4-5, Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Ca. Contact: Ed McNeill, Executive Secretary, 1000 Concha St., Altadena, Ca. 91001, (213) 798-1715. Arizona Turfgrass Conference, May 6-7, University of Arizona Student Union, Tuc-son, Arizona. Contact: William R. Kneebone, Dept. of Plant Science, Univer-sity of Airzona, Tucson, Az. 85721. University of Florida Turf Field Day, May 18, Horticultural Science and Plant Pathol-ogy, Turf Research Field Lab, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Contact: Dr. Ed Freeman, Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. 32611. (904) 392-3631. University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service and Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences Turf Field Day, June 23, South Deerfield experimental turf plots, South Deerfield, Mass. Contact: Dr. Joseph Troll, Plant and Soil Sciences, Stockbridge Hall, University of Massachusetts, 
Amherst, Mass. 01003, (413) 545-2353. University of Idaho Turfgrass Field Day, July (date not set), Plant and Soil Science Farm, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. Contact: Dr. R. D. Ensign, Dept. of Agricul-tural Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843, (208) 885-6531. University of Missouri Turfgrass Field Day, July (date not set), University South Farm, Columbia, Missouri. Contact: Dr. John Dunn, Dept. of Horticulture, 1-43 Agriculture Bldg., University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 65211, (314) 882-7511. Circle No. 106 on Reader Inquiry Card AS A PROFESSIONAL YOU NEED THE BEST SOIL SAMPLING EQUIPMENT WE MAKE THE BEST: Ł No bending over. Ł Push into ground with foot. Ł Fertility sampling. Ł Turf Profiling Equipment. 
Ł Greens Sampler. Write for more information: Clements Associates, Inc. LC RR No. 1 Box 162A Newton, Iowa 50208 Phone: (515) 792 8285 PROGRAM: SUBJECT: Weed control PROBLEM: ŠControl of yellow nutsedge. ŠMost consistent performance. ŠExceptional turf tolerance. SOLUTION: For this problem, the solution is clear. Basagran® herbicide. Because for consistent yel-low nutsedge control and exceptional turf toler-ance, Basagran is clearly the best. Read and follow label directions. BASF Wyandotte Corpora-tion, Agricultural Chemicals Group, 100 Cherry Hill Road, Parsippany, NJ 07054. When you define the problem, the solution is clear. | BASF | Ł MHHHH) CO OS OC % P5 CO 5 § < u 2 S 5 PRODUCTS Truck mounted turf spreader The Simonsen turf model Special Š Q spreader gives spreading accuracy from 60 to 650 pounds per acre for lawn care businessmen applying bulk fertilizer. The metering and spreading mechanism are the same as on the full size farm field Simonsen fer-1 tilizer spreaders. The hopper body is available in a number of sizes but the two ton model shown is recommended for most turf fertili-zation and chemical application uses. Stainless steel is used at critical corrosion points for a long life of accurate and even spread-ing. Starting and stopping the spreading mechanism is control-led from the drivers seat. Circle No. 230 on Reader Inquiry Card New 500 gallon fiberglass sprayer F. E. Myers Co. is announcing the introduction of their new 500 gallon Sprayer Series. These larger size, general duty type skid sprayers have the 500 gallon fiber-glass tank, built-in baffle and splash proof mechanical lock down lid. A stainless steel paddle agitator, rust proof strainer and externally mounted sight gauge 
are also included. Frame is heavy duty steel channel with steel tank I l. supports and saddle to cradle and 
protect the tank. There are three models of this new series offered at this time: No. 25-5E with 25 GPM/800 PSI pump and 23 horsepower gasoline en-gine; No. 10-5E with 10 GPM/500 PSI pump and seven horsepower gasoline engine; 25-5PT with 25 GPM/800 PSI pump and PTO drive. Circle No. 231 on Reader Inquiry Card New mower goes four hrs. on two quarts A new commercial lawn mower Š the Solo Model 581 Š has been introduced by Solo Incorporated 
for use by the professional lawn care businessman. This five horsepower lawnmower offers de-pendability and efficiency at a low noise level. The Solo two-cycle liquid cooled engine allows up to 
four hours cutting with a two quart fuel tank. There is enough, plus power to spare, when cutting tall, tough grass and smooth running when trimming that well manicured professional lawn. Extreme low profile, rear bag-ging attachment and recessed Fine Fescue What is it? You will find it in virtually every bluegrass seed mix. You will find it in the finest home lawns. You will find it on most golf course fairways and tees. You will find it in shade areas. mm OREGON FINE FESCUE CONHISS Circle No. 121 on Reader Inquiry Card Heavy Duty Measuring Wheel Welded Construction Wide Wheel-1%' Cushioned Handle Grip Metal Housed Used by one of the Largest Lawn Care Companies in the U.S.A.-Great for Measuring Roads, Parking Lots, and Driveways . . . Counter Easy Reset Counter Guard Custom Colors Available on Request (Lots of 25 or more Only) Shipping F.O.B Columbus Quanity Discounts Available For More Information Call or Write: Imler Industries, Inc. <1117 Broadview Ave. | Columbus, Ohio 43212 614/ 486-9068 wheels permit effective cutting close to fences, buildings, under shrubbery and overhangs where most mowers won't go. One knob adjusts all four wheels simultane-ously to reach the desired cutting heights. Since the engine and muffler are completely enclosed by the high impact, reinforced plastic cover housing and mower deck, the Solo 581 provides burn proof security for the operator and rust/corrosion proof longevity. The modern ma-terial used in the cover, deck, liquid cooled engine and the carefully designed filter/intake and muffler system result in the lawnmower's extremely low noise 
emission level of only 63 db (A). Circle No. 232 on Reader Inquiry Card It drives your dirt to drink Ł ŁŁand drain too much or too little water, and you've got problems!... unless you use Aqua-Gro the rootzone water management tool. Aqua-Gro is specially formulated to eliminate problems from excessive moisture. Its unique blend ensures faster, more uniform water penetration and drainage. Aqua-Gro will provide the desired residual benefits, irrigation after irrigation, because it does not leach. Insufficient moisture can cause localized dry spots and browned out turf. Mode selection on new rotary mowers Excel's 72-inch, three-way, front-mounted rotary mower deck has a selection of rear discharge, side discharge or mulching modes 
for the professional lawn care businessman. Placement of the three blades permits trimming to five-eighths of an inch from obstacles to reduce 
hand trim work. The deck has an 18-inch left trim offset to make mowing next to buildings easy and allow trimming under over-hanging obstacles. High lift blades with tip speed of more than 15,000 feet per minute provide excellent cut in each of the 
discharge modes. Both rear and side discharge can be used for 
heavy mowing. Rear discharge is safest for thrown objects and specified most often for roadside work. Side dis-
charge mode includes a chute with 
breakaway design to prevent dam-age. A safety lid closes to stop discharge if the chute is detached. Circle No. 233 on Reader Inquiry Card New sprayable crabgrass control A major development in the pre-emergence control of crabgrass has 
surfaced in the turf management industry in the form of Pel-Tech 
Benefin Concentrate 10, a concen-trated sprayable pelletized benefin product, created by The Ander-sons Lawn Fertilizer Division. Pel-Tech, which evolved from more than three years of research and testing, is unique in that its 
active ingredient, benefin, an ef-
fective pre-emergence herbicide for the control of crabgrass, is mixed throughout each pellet. Pel-Tech's urea (35 percent ni-trogen) carrier also gives the prod-uct fertilizer properties. Thus, 
each pellet is composed of nearly 100 percent active ingredients. This element makes Pel-Tech de-sirable from an economic as well as nutritional standpoint, simply 
because less additional nitrogen is needed in the regular tank mix. Pel-Tech won't adhere to foliage, is compatible with most commonly used fertilizers and pesticides, is EPA approved, and will uniformly disperse in water using standard mechanical agita-tion equipment. Circle No. 234 on Reader Inquiry Card Quick control with touch applicator Many lawn care businessmen still depend upon costly, hard-to-control sprayers or must make frequent forays with string trim-mers, hoes, and other time wasting devices. The Quickdraw, from Caudill Seed Co. has been created to use the latest herbicide in the most - m efficient manner. It is a touch applicator field-tested to save time, labor, and costly chemicals. The Quickdraw unit is ready for instant use. It is lightweight, dura-ble, adaptable and easily stored. It's simple design makes it a most valuable tool for the person who wants to control weeds quickly and permanently. Circle No. 235 on Reader Inquiry Card Solve compaction with hand corer The AER-CORE is a simple, low cost aerifier that will solve soil compaction problems for the lawn care businessman. Now there is no reason to buy or rent expensive 
and bulky aerification equipment 
to relieve localized dry spotting, poor drainage, or hard-packed soils. The AER-CORE's three six by one-half inch Tuff-Trited Tines insure deep penetration and long 
life. Circle No. 236 on Reader Inquiry Card Advances in Turfgrass Pathology published by HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH PUBLICATIONS in cooperation with Dr. B. G. Joyner, Dr. P. O. Larsen and Chemlawn Corporation f ADVANCES IN TURFGRASS RATHOLOGY £fc= This extensive volume contains chapters on: Ł turfgrass diseases Ł cool v.s. warm season pythium blight and other related pythium problems Ł snow molds of turfgrasses 
Ł fairy rings Ł leaf spot of Kentucky Bluegrass in Minnesota 
Ł initial and filed fungicide screening 
Ł turfgrass disease resistance Ł PLUS MUCH MORE! ADVANCES IN TURFGRASS PATHOLOGY is a compilation of more than 23 reports and discussions by the nation's leading turfgrass pathologists. Explore the diseases that attack turfgrass. Find out how to conquer the battle of turfgrass diseases. KEEP CURRENT WITH NEW IDEAS ON HOW TO HANDLE TURFGRASS PROBLEMS WITH ADVANCES IN TURFGRASS PATHOLOGY. $27.95* (hardcover) $18.95* (paperback) COPIES LIMITED Š DON'T DELAY! Return this coupon to: Book Sales Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publications One East First Street, Duluth, MN 55802 YES! Please send me copy(ies) of ADVANCES IN TURFGRASS PATHOLOGY. Name. Address. City Phone -State. -Zp-$27.95* hardcover $18.95* paperback Quantity rates available on request. A check or money order for. Js enclosed. 'Please add $3.00 per order plus $1.00 per additional copy for postage and handling. Please charge to my Visa, Master Card, or American Express (circle one) Account Number Expiration Date. Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. LCI 42 Aqua-Gro provides fast relief. Aqua-Gro moves water into the rootzone reducing run-off and evaporation. More uniform water movement and distribution 
through the soil profile reduces summer 
stress and watering costs 30%-50%. In addition, Aqua-Gro enhances the efficacy of pesticides and fertilizers, while 
eliminating the problems associated 
with thatch, compaction, and poor soil mixing. So use Aqua-Gro. Available in liquid concentrate or spreadable granular from your local distributor. It's an important ingredient to insure the constant healthy growth of turf on grounds, playing fields, and golf courses. For free illustrated brochure and further information call TOLL FREE 800-257-7797 or write: AQUATROLS CORPORATION OF AMERICA, INC. 1432 Union Avenue, Pennsauken, N.J. 08110 AQUA-GRO* It drives your dirt to drink...and drain. NEW %JM ENGINES HORIZONTAL SHAFT 5 H P. Tecumseh $120 5 H P. Briggs $125 5 H P Briggs l/C H Duty $155 6 H P. Tecumseh $143 8 H P. Briggs $192 
8 H P. Tecumseh $178 10 H P. Tecumseh $202 With Electric Start $249 (8 & tO H P have Cast Iron Sleeves) 3V2 to 18 H P Available VERTICAL SHAFT FOR MOWERS 3V2 H P $90 5 H P. Briggs $136 8 H P. Tecumseh $189 8 H P. Briggs $205 10 H P. Tecumseh $205 With Electric Start $259 11 H P Briggs E. Start $285 On Vertical Engines, know your crank shaft diameter and length Large Stock of New Surplus Motors, Log Split-ters, Log Splitter Parts, Go Kart Parts, Trailer Parts and Hydraulics at Discount Prices. Send for our free catalog. XOHIIliMX HYDRAULICS P.O. Box 1221 Dept. LCI4 Burnsville, MN 55337 (612) 894-8310 Circle No. 102 on Reader Inquiry Card 22 CM 00 05 TŠ« DC < C/3 D < U < J vree/r niiiiii.UA.l.ml.iL.i.lii/1 TOUGHEN YOUR TURF! with 18-3-3-LC Grass Food Liquid Fertilizer GREEN-T 18-3-3-LC GRASS FOOD isa specially formulated high nitrogen, low chlorine LIQUID FERTI LIZER that can be directly applied to turf grasses by many methods of application. If you're serious about your Lawn and Turf care, try Green-T. PLANT FOOD CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Liquid Fertilizers Hightstown-Cranbury Station Road, Box 173 Cranbury, New Jersey 08512/609-448-0935 Circle No. 122 on Reader Inquiry Card Then let us know. This publication will be mailed only to your current business address. Please indicate changes and return this coupon to us along with the mailing label attached to the magazine cover to avoid 
duplication. Thank you. Send to: LAWN CARE INDUSTRY HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH PUBLICATIONS Subscription Dept. 1 East First Street, Duluth, MN 55802 Signature PLEASE PRINT Name Business Name Business Address City State Zip Phone Date Bookstore A wealth of instructional and technical material designed to make your job easier 101, 015 - ADVANCES IN TURFGRASS PATHOLOGY $27.95 hardcover, $18.95 paperback 340 - CONSTRUCTION DESIGN FOR LANDSCAPE 
ARCHITECTS $24.50 345 - COST DATA FOR LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION 1981 $24.95 410 - DISEASES & PESTS OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS $26.50 660 - DISEASES OF SHADE TREES $23.50 
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795 - FIRST AID MANUAL FOR CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS $16.50 paperback 440 - FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY & PLANT PATHOLOGY $22.00 450 - GARDENING IN SMALL PLACES $7.95 455 - GRAFTER'S HANDBOOK $16.95 480 - GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT FOR FLOWER AND PLANT PRODUCTION $15.35 490 - GREENHOUSE OPERATION & MANAGEMENT $19.95 670, 680 - GUIDE TO TREES $19.95 hardcover, $8.95 paperback 350 - HANDBOOK OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION $48.50 360 - HOME LANDSCAPE $18.95 510 - H0RTUS THIRD $99.50 690 - INSECTS THAT FEED ON TREES & SHRUBS $42.50 530 - INTERIOR PLANTSCAPING $28.50 540 - INTRODUCTION TO FLORICULTURE $29.50 335 - LANDSCAPE DESIGN THAT SAVES ENERGY $9.95 paperback 370 - LANDSCAPE OPERATIONS: MANAGEMENT, METHODS & MATERIALS $18.95 380 - MANUAL OF WOODY LANDSCAPE PLANTS $19.00 
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570 - WESTCOTT'S PLANT DISEASE HANDBOOK $34.50 580 - WYMAN'S GARDENING ENCYCLOPEDIA $29.95 CLOSEOCITS ORDER THESE TITLES AT SPECIAL REDUCED PRICES! 420 - EXOTIC PLANT MANUAL $32.00 
430 - FLOWER & PLANT PRODUCTION IN THE GREENHOUSE $13.60 460 - GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT $21.20 470 - GREENHOUSE GROWER $12.40 500 - HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE $18.80 780 - PARK AND RECREATION MAINTANENCE MANAGEMENT $16.00 550 - PLANT PROPAGATION $21.00 400 WESTERN HOME LANDSCAPING $6.75 Mail this coupon to: Book Sales Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publications One East First Street, Duluth, MN 55802 Name Address. City_ _State_ _Date_ -Zip_ Signature Phone Number Please send me the following books. I have enclosed a check* for the total amount. Please charge to my Visa, Master Card or American Express (circle one) Account Number Expiration Date ORDER NUMBER QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL PRICE 'Please add $3.00 per order plus $1.00 per additional copy for postage and handling Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery Prices subject to change. Total Enclosed Quantity rates available on request (postage & handling) LCI 42 FLORIDA from page 18 Beach region above Miami is Lei-sure Landscaping, whose Victor Nocera is vice-president, Ed Magi, pricing manager, and Ed Adamo general manager. With a full staff 
of 110 employes through the 
winter season, they must depend 
on labor efficiency and quality workmanship in order to succeed in the swiftly growing Florida maintenance market. Originally begun by Nocera's great grandfather in Cleveland in 1917, Leisure Landscaping now boasts a staff a staff of 18 irrigation specialists, 18 foremen, three area supervisors, and six middle mana-
gers. 'The conditions are a lot 
easier to control down here than in the Midwest," said Nocera. "We know everything is going to grow here. Our job is to make sure it is maintained at the best quality." Irrigation emphasis And the key to that quality at Leisure seems to be their emphasis on water management and irriga-tion maintenance. Nocera says that low water tables and incipient drought conditions may hamper southern Florida landscapes in the 
very near future. The Okachobee 
reservoir, for instance, is currently down to 10 feet this year fron its usual 13, an indication of im-pending scarcity. And when ser-vicing an account as valuable as the Boco West resort, the problem can become even more dramatic. One practical solution to the problem that managers at Leisure would like to see instated, is an advancement in the state of the art in irrigation design. We would like to see a macro-development of 
quality irrigation systens," said Adamo. "If more systems were looped in such a way that if one pump were to burn out, another would kick in, it would provide us with insurance and save a lot of money as well.,, Most labor intensive Irrigation maintenance is cur-rently Leisure Landscaping's most labor intensive maintenance service. On the upstream side of 
each pump (valve, intake, pump, 
and clock), they provide regular preventive maintenance checks. On the downstream sections (heads), a check is made once or more a month and a quality control check is run on every head after each cutting. "Our irrigation man submits his report on his quality 
control which we then audit," says Nocera. With a staff that runs in excess of 140 during the peak seasons, Lei-sure is committed to the scientific 
evaluation of business costing. Currently in the process of estab-lishing historical values for every aspect of their labor profile, Adamo says that they are "com-mitted to the time-study method" or refined-experience method, of job costing. "It breaks down into cutting activities down into units 
of time-values," he said. "I have a record of everything each man does on each job every day. Eventually we will have val-ues for each service activity, and, 
for instance, establish all cutting 
systems together into one cutting value," said Adamo. By taking a unit hour as a factor of a man month, Leisure will be able to apply this value toward a scientific costing of each job. If, for example, a property takes 24 hours to cut, and the property is cut three times 
a month Š or 72 hours each month Š the applied labor rate is 0.45 man-months (72 hrs./160 hrs.). 
Multiplied by an established 
value, they can find what their direct costs will be. Managers at Leisure Land-scaping hope to improve their 
operating efficiency at least two-
fold by establishing engineered values for their service programs. "Without them, you can only hope to run at about a 25 to 40 percent operating efficiency," said Adamo. "But in a situation where you have engineered standards, 
you can expect as much as 80 to 85 percent operating efficiency.,, Leisure Landscaping is com-mitted to the idea of steady growth 
and believes that without operat-ing standards the maintenance industry will not be able to ride the burgeoning market rise in large condominiun and homeowner as-
sociation work in southern Florida. Currently at work on the vast Boca West community and resort, Nocera hopes to land other lucrative accounts, but is wary about working solely in very large accounts. "If you've got all your profits tied into one very big job, the loss of that job can undo the entire company. You have to maintain a smart balance between your large accounts and your smaller bread-and-butter ac-counts. " Committed to balance One company committed to smart balances is Dora Land-
scaping in Apopka, Fla., run by Jim Oyler, a maintenance businessman committed to the idea of maintenance as the found-ation of any landscaping job. In business since 1974, Oyler bills his company as a "quality, not a quantity" business. And in order 
to maintain that quality, Oyler believes that a company should be responsible to its employes, the lifeblood of any business enter-prise. For that reason, Oyler has insti-tuted a system of profit-sharing at Dora Landscaping, in which pro-fits accrue to employes at a margi-nally greater rate for each year of 
working service. The company profits are then reinvested. "As he grows in age between 21 and 31, an 
employe's responsibility is to his company," said Oyler. But when he has invested time in you, you must in turn invest in him." Oyler has tied this philosophy into his pension program as well, which, he says, only works when a 
company is conmitted to aiding 
and retaining their employes. "The fallacy of the normal pension program is that it benefits the 
owner and the company princi-pals, the ones who stay on the 
longest," he says. "The guy who only stays on three or four years is getting nothing out of it." By keeping his overhead low, and his volume to about one 
million each year, Oyler says that his percentage of profits in the last two years have exceeded most industry standards. "I attribute it to our employes as much as I do to good management," he said. Dora Landscaping's inventory includes the 50-inch Jacobsen Turfcats, a machine he considers "the finest mower on the market," 
60-inch Yazoos, 72-inch Excel 
Hustler, the 48-inch Bobcat walk-behinds, and the 20-inch Jacobsen. He runs four maintenance crews with the supervisor riding shotgun 
with the crew on a rotating basis. "The supervisor is the contact between the owner of the land-scape and the company. When he rides with the crew, it gives more of a personal touch to the job. And 
it saves money as well." An aggressive market Saving money and cutting down unapplied costs is the theme voi-ced over and over by Florida landscape maintenance contrac-tors. An aggressive market that demands aggressive approaches to business management, those com-panies have wrestled with a young industry and look to be coming out on top. > z n > c C/3 > pa Ł-k 
CO 
00 One of the Oyler Brother's Inc.'s 36-inch walk b ehinds, labelled so that each and every employe knows that the machines they tend are not cheap. This magazine gives yougoodrexuling, goodwriting ami good arithmetic. We present the information in our articles clearly, accurately and objectively. That's good writing. Which means good reading. We present the information in our circulation statement clearly, accurately and objectively That's good arithmetic. BPA (Business Publications Audit of Circulation, Inc.) helps us provide precise and reliable information to both advertisers and readers. An independent, not-for-profit organization, BPA audits our circulation list once a year to make sure it's correct and up to date. The audit verifies your name, your 
company, your industry and your job title. This information enables our advertisers to determine if they are reaching the right people in the right place with the right message. The audit also benefits you. Because the more a publication and its advertisers know about you, the better they can provide you with articles and advertisements that meet your information needs. BPA. For readers it stands for meaningful information. For advertisers it stands for meaningful readers. Business Publications Audit of Circulation, Inc. T9/nr%A 360 Park Ave. So., New York, NY 10010. V Br M We make sure you get what you pay fan 00 o> rH Oi a. < MONEYWISE Will bonus incentives work for you? Incentive plans for salaried workers at small and mid-sized firms have become more sophisticated, a study conducted by 
the Illinois-based consulting firm Hewitt Associates con-cludes. "Far more small companies are relying on valuable compensation than was the case 10 years ago," says Bill James, a partner at Hewitt, "and the idea of paying just a salary with no bonus is disappearing." The most popular form of incentive award, according to the survey published in INC., is a cash bonus, paid on an annual basis. Most of the firms base their bonuses on a percentage of 
the executive's salary; 63 percent of the companies have "target award" plans that tie the bonus to achievement of a specified level of performance. Half of the small firms included at least 14 percent of their professional, managerial and administrative personnel in the annual incentive plans, the survey showed. Ł FERTILIZATION /rom page 17 applications on heavier soils is usually longer than expected Š six to eight weeks. IBDU IBDU is marketed by Estech, Inc., Winter Haven, Fla. It is produced by reacting urea with isobutyraldehyde. Two basic ma-terials are available based on fer-tilizer particle size, coarse (0.7-2.5mm) and fine (0.5-1.0mm). Coarse IBDU is 31 percent nitrogen with 27.9 percent total water-insoluble nitrogen, while fine is also 31 percent nitrogen, but with 26.3 percent water-insoluble ni-trogen. The reason for the slow-release characteristic of IBDU is its low water solubility. For nitrogen to be released, IBDU must be hyd-rolyzed (reacted with water) to form urea and isobutyraldehyde; however, since IBDU does have a low solubility, this process is slow. Abb SEED IS NOT CREATED EQUAL! Not every Kentucky Bluegrass seed can produce a grass that tolerates up to 65% shade and still grows vigorously. Not every seed can produce a grass that can stand the stress of drought, cold and extreme heat. Not every seed can produce a grass that can survive low and high altitudes, poor soil and sand. Not every seed can produce a grass that tolerates short mowing down to as little as one-half inch. Not every seed 
can produce a grass that can stand up to the wear and tear of baseball, football and horse racing. But then, not every seed is Warren's A-34 BenSun Kentucky Bluegrass ...it can and does! 7iJanne*rt Circle No. 127 on Reader Inquiry Card SEED DIVISION Box 459 R.R. Ł Suisun City, California 94585 Ł (707)422-5100 Corporate Offices: Warren's Turf Nursery, Inc. Ł 7502 South Main Street Ł Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014 Ł (815)455-5100 The primary factors which affect the speed with which nitrogen from IBDU becomes available to the turfgrass plant, therefore, are the soil water content and the particle size of IBDU (due to the surface area with which water can react). Any factor affecting soil water content, such as soil texture, drainage, irrigation and rainfall, will influence the rate at which nitrogen from IBDU becomes available for use by the turf. Re-lease of nitrogen from IBDU in a sandy soil may be slower due to lower soil moisture content than on unmodified, heavier soils. This effect could be somewhat offset, however, by increased irrigation in sandier soils. Increased rainfall as well as irrigation will also result in increased release of nitrogen. The importance of soil moisture to the release of nitrogen from IBDU can be both an advantage 
and a disadvantage, Dr. Turner said. When dry conditions prevail and the lawn is growing slowly with minimal nitrogen require-ments, release of nitrogen from 
IBDU is also reduced. When rainfall is heavy to exces-sive during the growing season, however, lawn growth is rapid and mowing is difficult to keep up with. This problem is com-pounded when IBDU is used be-cause research has shown that nitrogen release is increased by the 
moisture and even more rapid growth is promoted. However, excessive growth during ex-
tremely wet periods may be a problem which occurs in-frequently and one that many lawn 
care businessmen are willing to put up with if they are sold on the other IBDU attributes. YELLOW PATCH from page 1 the Rhizoctonia pathogen. Brown patch disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani and yellow patch is caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis. He said the reason for the misdiagnosis in the first place is the dependence on diagnosis of 
field symptoms alone. He said other tools have to be used in the diagnosis, such as considering the host, time of the year and identifi-cation of the pathogen. Dr. Joyner explained that brown patch occurred when conditions were moist and temperatures were 75°F. to 85°F. The yellow patch disease occurs when conditions are moist, but when temperatures were in the range of 50°F. to 75°F. Other symptoms of brown patch are: circular patches 18 to 30 inches in diameter that can be-
come larger as they move together; yellow-green ("apple green") to 
brown color; "frog-eyes" Š a circular patch with a recovered area in the middle; leaf lesions; and recovery occurs. Symptons of yellow patch are: circular patches eight to 18 inches in diameter; yellow to brown color; possible "frog-eyes;" leaf lesions; crowns are killed and there is no recovery. Dr. Joyner also said that in the initial stages of yellow patch, a small areaŠabout three to four inches in diameter Š has reddening tips. He said brown patch can gener-ally be controlled by changing watering patterns and use of fun-gicides, but that there is not yet a known control for yellow patch. y-Banvel 4-S Herbicide gets a powerful new tank-mix label Banvel® 4-S Herbicide has a new label that gives you greater application flexibility. You can now tank-mix Banvel 4-S to add more weeds to your controlled list. And to get all the extras you want in a tough, dependable herbicide. Extra options for tank-mixing. You can now use Banvel 4-S Herbicide in a variety of combinations. Tank-mix it with 2, 4-D. Or MCPA. MCPP. Even bromoxynil. More than ever, Banvel 4-S fits your tank-mix preferences. Extra control in a weed and feed program. With its new label, Banvel 4-S can be applied using either sprayable liquid fertilizer or water as the carrier. Extra broadleaf weed control. The new Banvel 4-S label puts you in control of more weeds, including many of your worst problem broadleaves. Extra application flexibility. You're no longer limited to one application per year with Banvel 4-S Herbicide. Used at low rates, Banvel 4-S can be applied in retreatment programs up to two pints per acre during a growing season. Check all the extras you get with Banvel 4-S Herbicide's powerful new label. See your lawn or turf chemical supplier today for more information. Extra sales opportunities. You can now apply Banvel 4-S on non-cropland, brush areas, fencerows and roadways, as well as turf and lawns. Ł Banvel Herbicide is a registered trademark of Velsicol Chemical Corporation. Before using any pesticide, please read the label. Velsicol Chemical Corporation World Headquarters 341 East Ohio St., Chicago, IL 60611 VELSICOL CHEMICAL CORPORATION NEWSMAKERS CM X O) c/3 D Q § < U 
2 £ < TURF MANAGERS' HANDBOOK By Dr. William Daniel and Dr. Ray Freeborg $23.95* hardcover $18.95* paperback This essential reference book covers: Łscope and organization *pests and controls Łgrasses and grooming *uses of turf 
Ł rootzones and water -serving turf needs Łnutrition *AND MORE The TURF MANAGERS' HANDBOOK is an easy on-the-job reference to planning, purchasing, hiring, construction, and plant selection. These 424 pages 
contain 150 illustrations, 96 color photographs plus 240 tables and forms. Ordering Information Signature Please send copies of the hardback ($23.95* ea.) Name (print). > of the paperback ($18.95* ea.) Address Quantity rates available upon request. City State Zip 'Please add $3.00 per order plus $1.00 per additional p^Qne copy for postage and handling. ~ Please charge to my Visa. Master Card, or Send to: Book Sales American Express (circle one) Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publications One East Firs. Street Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. Duluth, MN 55802 LC| 42 Roger Pirie, vice-president of the Agricultural Division of Ger-main's, Inc., a century old seed firm headquartered at Los 
Angeles, announced the appoint-ment of Mike Sommer as turf consultant for California, Arizona, Mexico, and Hawaii. Sommer Lai ne The Agricultural Chemicals Di-vision of Diamond Shamrock Corporation has announced that Unique two-way action both cures and prevents most fungus diseasesŠgives the lawn care professional a valuable weapon to battle costly and unsightly 
fungus diseases. Knocks out more dis-eases: BAYLETON fungicide offers the broadest spectrum of 
disease control of any leading turf fungicide. This includes control of tough diseases like dollar spot, brown patch, Fusarium blight, red 82104 SPG thread, striped smut, certain rusts and pink and gray snowmold. Cost-efficient: Residual activity of BAYLETON is as much 
as 14 days longer than other fun-gicides, so fewer applications are required. Chemical costs can be significantly reduced. Talk to your turf chemicals supplier today for more informa-tion. When you do, chances are 
you'll become a "BAYLETON BELIEVER." Don't trust your turf to anything less. Mobay Chemical Corporation Agricultural Chemicals Division Specialty Products Group Box 4913, Kansas City, MO 64120 BAYLETON is a registered TM of the Parent Company of Farbenfabriken Bayer Gmbh. Leverkusen Terry A. Laine has been appointed as a sales representative in its Midwest region and that William C. Odle has been named as a senior technical field representative. Mr. Jerry L. Higdon, president of Hawkeye Chemical Company, Clinton, la., has announced the appointment of Mr. J. M. (Mike) Scribner to the position of mar-keting assistant, specialty, fertiliz-ers. Based in the company's head-quarters, Scribner will supervise national marketing of Hawkeye's liquid "low burn" nitrogen fer-tilizers for the lawn care industry and foliar application to special 
crops. Tracy Moreland is branch man-ager and Tim Hosmer is produc-tion manager at Landscape Design 
& Construction, Dallas, Tx. Moreland Hosmer Richard Cywinski has been ap-pointed Western Regional sales manager for Teledyne Wisconsin Motor, it was announced by vice president Š marketing, Robert L. Hergert. In his new position, Cywinski will be responsible for sales to 
original equipment manufacturers 
and district distributors manage-ment in the western United States and Canada. Richard G. Rathejens was re-cently awarded the professional designation of certified profes-sional agronomist, according to Martin D. Openshaw, director of the American Registry of Certified 
Professionals in Agronomy, Crops and Soils. Tru Green Corporation has an-nounced the promotion of Dave Slott as branch manager, Battle Creek, Mich. Prior to this ap-pointment, Dave had served the company in various sales and operational capacities primarily in the Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids markets. Gregory Richards, vice presi-dent of Hydro Lawn, Gaith-
ersburg, Md., says the company has expanded to six branch offices now and has the following prom-
otions to announce: Jim Andersen to branch manager, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jeff Ayers to branch manager, Harrisburg, Pa.; Don Ziegler to assistant branch manager, Colum-bia, Md.; Ron Wolf to customer service manager, Columbia, Md.; Dan Felice to customer service 
manager, Rockville, Md.; Damian Varga to quality control manager, Rockville, Md.; Jeff Cunningham to customer service manager, Springfield, Va.; Keith Peterman to quality control manager, Springfield, Va.; Mark Ely to cus-tomer service manager, Seat Pleas-ant, Md.; and Mike Herman to 
quality control manager, Seat Pleasant. i *w:Vk , . : I Ł « WARNING. KNP°«I a"*"** Net WeigW 2 Inquiries serviced for 90 days from date of issue. For those countries outside the U.S., please apply appropriate postage before mailing. READER SERVICE INFORMATION CARD 4-82 2 For more information on products or services mentioned in this issue, circle the corresponding numbers below, fill in appropriate information and mail today. 101 108 115 122 129 136 143 150 157 164 171 178 185 192 199 206 213 220 227 234 102 109 116 123 130 137 144 151 158 165 172 179 186 193 200 207 214 221 228 235 103 110 117 124 131 138 145 152 159 166 173 180 187 194 201 208 215 222 229 236 104 111 118 125 132 139 146 153 160 167 174 181 188 195 202 209 216 223 230 237 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154 161 168 175 182 189 196 203 210 217 224 231 238 106 113 120 127 134 141 148 155 162 169 176 183 190 197 204 211 218 225 232 239 107 114 121 128 135 142 149 156 163 170 177 184 191 198 205 212 219 226 233 240 PLEASE CHECK BELOW YOUR PRIMARY BUSINESS AT THIS LOCATION: A. CONTRACTOR OR SERVICES: ŁLawn care service business involved primarily with fertilization, weed, and insect control. Please specify method of application 10 ŁLiquid 11 DOry 12 DBoth 20 GPrimarily mowing/maintenance service 30 GLandscape contractor/lawn service company 40 DNursery or garden center/lawn service company 50 DPest control/lawn service company 60 Ł Irrigation contractor/lawn service company B. GROUNDS CARE/MAINTENANCE AT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF FACILITIES: 110 DPrivate or public estate 120 130 140 150 190 ŁSchool, college, university, hospital, or similar facility ŁCondominium housing development or industrial park ŁGovernment grounds; parks, around municipal buildings, military facilities Ł Cemetery or memorial garden ŁOther (please specify) C. SUPPLIER 
210 ŁChemical dealer or distributor 
220 ŁEquipment dealer or distributor 230 DSeed broker/dealer 
240 DSod grower NAME BUSINESS NAME_ CITY _STATE_ .TITLE . _ADDRESS. _ZIP_ _TELEPHONE_L ) AREA CODE I WISH TO RECEIVE (CONTINUE RECEIVING) LAWN CARE INDUSTRY EACH MONTH Ł YES Ł NO SIGNATURE DATE BUSINESS REPLY CARD FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 665 DULUTH, MINNESOTA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE READER SERVICE DEPARTMENT WWN ©IRE INDUSTRY POST OFFICE BOX 6200 DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55806 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFIED RATES: 50* per word (minimum charge, $20). Bold face words or words in all capital letters charged at 75* per word. Boxed or display ads charged at $50 per column inch (one inch minimum). Agency commissions will be given only when camera-ready art is provided by agency. For ads using blind box number, add $5 to total cost of ad. Send ad copy with payment to Dawn Anderson, LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, 1 East First Street, Duluth, MN 55802. BOX NUMBER REPLIES: Mail box number replies to: LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, Classified Ad De-partment, 120 W. 2nd St., Duluth, MN 55802. Please include box number in address FOR SALE 1977 GMC; 1978 C50; 1979 F600. All with 800 gallon Finn lawn feeders. Complete or will sell tanks separately. Call 513-791-0360. 4/82 Used Spray Units for Sale 1,250-gallon stainless steel tanks, Mechanical agitation. FMC 20 gallon/minute pump. Hanney 
electric reel. Ford F600 and Chevy C60's Š 76 s, 77s, 78 s and 79 s. Call 502-241-7341. TF For Sale Š Irrigation Equipment 1977 VP-12 Ditchwitch vibratory plow, 1976 Wacer Dirt Tamper, pipe fittings and various other pipe tools and supplies. Montgomery Ward Hydroseeding & Lawn 
Care, P.O. Box 9695, Kansas City, MO 64134 816-765-2577 TF USED TRUCK EQUIPMENT FOR SALE (2) 1980 and (6) 1981 Mercedes and International tank 
trucks equipped to spray chemicals. Ideal for lawn or tree service business. Good operating condition. Priced to sell now! Call Ivan Juric or Ron Lasman at 215-353-3200. 4/82 For Sale Š Used spray trucks. 21979 GMC 6,000 in good condition, PTO operated hypro centrifugal pumps up to 170 PSI, 16 ft. wood beds with 4 ft. 
reinforced sides (will carry dry & liquid). One with 1,200 gallon steel tank and 2 manual hose reels. One with 500 and 300 gallon plastic tanks and 1 manual hose reel. Your choice, $9,750 each. 
Questions, call 219-769-8313. TF Established landscape maintenance and installa-tion business. Located in eastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York. Excellent Equipment and 
First Class Customers. Asking Price $30,000. Call (516) 842-1470. 4/82 Allis Chalmers 18HP. tractor, 48 mower, vacuum, 
$2,000. John Deere 14 HP. tractor, 47 mower, 54 blade, vacuum, $2,200. John Deere 19 HP. tractor, 
60 mower, blade, snowblower, $3,000. Toro 
Groundsmaster 52, 1,300 hours $1,900. Toro Groundsmaster 52, 350 hours, $4,800. Tandem trailor (large) with 4 folding sides $700. Scotts Š North Manchester, In. 219-982-6139. 4/82 HAHN FLEX-A-MATIC 140 INCH REEL MOWERS Š Total 3-1 new still in crate, 2 used in good shape. $18,000 takes all plus additional parts. 516-293-
9393. 4/82 For Sale Š 2500 Gallon Diesel Hydroseeder. 
Mounted on 1973 Mack R-600 twin screw with new paint, tires and fenders. Excellent condition. Ready for work. $15,000.00. Call (912) 488-2388. 5/82 SPRAYERS Š FACTORY DIRECT, professional gardeners, turf applicators, proven dependability, unconditionally guaranteed. Black River Sprayers, 
Dept. 1-B, P.O. Box 11, Long Beach, N.C. 28461. 6/82 EQUIPMENT Š Two Moyno pumps in very good condition. Complete pumping unit ready to use. Adjustable flow rate. Phone (301) 694-6006. 4/82 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY 1961 Used Spray Units For Sato Š 1250 gallon tanks. John Bean F.M.C. 20-20 pumps. Steel beds. 16 HP Kohler engine. Ford F600 s. Call 502-241-7341. TF LIQUIDATING, MUST SELL OR LEASE (8) 1976-81 Lawn Spray Trucks, 750 gal. to 1500 gal., (3) 8000 gal. steel storage tanks. Electric pump & meter for fertilizer fill system, 300 gal. bean sprayer. Call for complete list & prices. 216-357-8400. 4/82 POSITION WANTED WORK WANTED Š Aggressive branch manager with national lawn care company is seeking change. Five years experience in all phases of chemical lawn care operations. Resume and salary require-ments to follow inquiries. Write LCI Box 68. 4/82 SERVICES GET ACQUAINTED PRICE! ENVY Chelated Mic-ronutrients will restore & maintain color and vigor in turf, trees, & shrubs. Check our delivered prices before you place your micronutrient orders in 1982. Call or write for more information. (312) 254-3115. NATIONAL LIQUID FERTILIZER CORP., 3724 West 38th Street, Chicago, II. 60632. 4/82 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS Š LANDSCAPE & 
SITE DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTORS GUIDE FOR EVALUATING LANDSCAPE CONSTRUC-TION COSTS" 1982 issue now ready Š send for 
your copy at once and have a profitable year. Send check $12.95 ($10.95 plus $2.00 postage/hand.) payable to: Louis DeVirgilio, Loualco Corp., 17 Berwick Place. Norwood, Ma. 02062. 6/82 HELP WANTED SOD FARM MANAGER Š Northeastern Indiana location, 80 acres sod on mineral soil, 10 acres Taxus Evergreens. Experience/training in ag-ronomy, horticulture, irrigation and use of turf netting desired. Responsible for production, har-vesting, delivery and equipment maintenance. Salary commensurate with experience, excellent benefits. Resume and references to Evergreen Turf Farm, Inc., P.O. Box 340, Roanoke, IN 46783. 4/82 Large Midwest Sod Farm has openings for Harvest 
Foreman, Assistant Foreman for Sod Production and Maintenance as well as an opening for a mechanic with an agricultural background. Only enthusiastic, experienced individuals with leader-
ship qualities need apply. Send resume to LCI Box 69. 4/82 MISCELLANEOUS KELWAY® SOIL ACIDITY TESTER, used by PROFESSIONALS nationwide. Direct reading, lightweight, portable, fully serviceable, no power source, Model HB-2 reads moisture too. Available 
through distributors. For brochure contact Kel Instruments Co., Inc., Dept. T, P.O. Box 1869, Clifton, N.J. 07015, 201 -471 -3954. TF WANTED TO BUY Wanted: Used Stainless Steel Combines, that aerates, rolls, sprays liquid, and used tractors and 
trailers, as formerly used bv Lawn-A-Mat dealers. Write: Conestoga Golf & Country Club, Conestogo, 
Ontario. NOB 1NO or call 1-(519)-664-2234. 4/82 Want to buy small or medium sized, established lawn care company in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. Chemical applications only. No mowing. Write LCI Box 67. 4/82 Use our classified blind box 
service 
for 
confidential 
results! Jacobsen Division of Textron Inc Jacobsen: You just can't buy any better. $ Are there recessionary benefits? The general recession which is forcing many lawn care businesses to taper their price increases this year may have some indirect benefits just the same. Aside from the collapse of competitors, it forces many lawn care busines-ses to scrutinize their overhead and unapplied labor costs. A lower break-even point can keep a company in the black even though business may be slow. The WaJi Street Journal reports that this year, in fact, efforts to drive down the break even point are unusually severe even for a recession, because many companies think the recovery may be weak and brief. It may also drive up the quality of per-formance required to sell a job as more and more consumers are shopping for the best possible job 
at the lowest possible price. Some lawn care 
businessmen report that they are seeing many more customers who have obviously contracted a lawn care service before. And those companies relying on maximizing their volume without 
adequate attention to job quality may just have to bite the bullet. Benefits may accrue to lawn businesses as the government gets hit by the slump as well. One maintenance contractor in California said that during the course of his contract work for public agencies, his costs were averaging 27 percent less than the amount the public work was budgeted for originally. With that kind of difference public agencies can't afford not to contract work out to lawn care businesses. The county of Los Angeles alone is prepared to put $4.5 million out to bid to maintenance contrac-tors. If the lawn care industry can suffer through the current recession by toning up its quality 
and toning down its unapplied labor costs, it will be well prepared for the upturn when it does come. Ł m Ł u; rFfrrnr One of the reasons to use GSL Sulfate of Potash Sulfate of Potash contains 18% Sulfur in the sulfate form, which is the form preferred by lawns and gardens. Sulfate of Potash gives better disease resistance to Fusarium Patch, Ophiobolus Patch, Dollar Spot Fungus and Powdery Mildew, it is also effective in suppressing Poa Annua. Use of Sulfate of Potash also results in better rooting, drought resistance, heat and cold tolerance and better wear resistance. And, its excellent potassium/sulfur ratio increases grass response to nitrogen, phosphate and other nutrients. The safest and most effective potash money can buy! Avoid lawn bum. Sulfate of Potash is nearly chloride free and has a salt index of 0.85 vs 1.94 for muriate of potash. Other sources of sulfur, such as ammonium sulfate, have salt indexes higher than 3.25. There is far less chance of burning lawns and gardens if it is mistakenly over applied, spread unevenly or unexpected weather conditions favor damage. Build your business and add to your profits by keeping your customers satisfied. Use GSL Sulfate of Potash in any of several grades for solutions, granulated, blended or suspension products. Call or write for complete agronomic information. Great Salt Lake Minerals & Chemicals Corp. P.O. Box 1190 Ł Ogden, Utah 84402 Ł (800) 453-4515 Western Office: P.O. Box 14761, Spokane, WA Ł (509) 928-2747 Northeast Office: 880 Rosedale Ave., Marion, OH 43302 Ł (614) 382-5304 Southeast Office: P.O. Box 1102, Smyrna, GA 30081 Ł (404) 977-2322 Midwest Office: 308 Hemlock, Hutchinson, KA 67501 Ł (316)663-6672 A subsidiary of Gulf Resources & Chemical Corporation Ł Houston ADVERTISERS Reader Inquiry No. Page No. 101 Andersons (Regional)... 102 Aquatrols Corp. of America 103 Balcom Special Products 104 BASF 105 Ciba-Geigy 106 Clements Associates ... 107 Diamond Shamrock 108 Dow Chemical U.S.A. ... 109 Eclipse 110 Feldmann Engineering .. 111 Great Salt Lake Minerals Chemicals Corp 113 Imler Industries 114 Improved Lawn Equipment 115 Jacobsen, Div. of Textron 116 Lakeshore Equipment .. 117 Mobay Chemical Corp. . 
t16 Monsanto Co 119 Moyer & Son (Regional) 
120 Northern Hydraulics 121 Oregon Fine Fescue 122 Plant Food Chemical Co 123 Ransomes, Inc 124 Stihl, Inc 125 Tuco Agri Chemicals ... 126 Velsicol Chemical Corp. 127 Warren's Turf Nursery, Inc ...12 20-21 .. 11 .. 19 16-17 19 . 7 2-3 13 12 . 30 . 20 . 12 . 29 . 15 . 26 8-9 . 23 . 21 . 20 . 22 . 18 . 32 . 31 . 25 . 24 NEW PRODUCTS 230 Truck mounted turf spreader 20 231 New 500 gallon fiberglass sprayer 20 232 New mower goes four hrs. on two quarts 20 233 Mode selection on new rotary mowers 21 234 New sprayable crabgrass control 21 235 Quick control with touch applicator 21 236 Solve compaction with hand corer 21 This index is furnished for the reader s convenience However, the publisher can not guarantee its accuracy due to circumstances beyond our control. PROXOt KILLS GRUBS AND SURFACE FEEDERS HIST! There's no need to wait over a month for a grub control to work. Economical Proxol 80SP insecticide readily penetrates thatch to work fast for an effective broad spectrum kill, including grubs and surface feeding sod webworms,armyworms,and cutworms. You apply Proxol with the liquid applica-tion equipment you already have. So there's no need to haul spreaders and bulky pack-ages on your rig, put up with package break-age and waste, or carry them in inventory. Proxol's convenient 2-and 5-lb. packages make measurement easy. Eliminates waste. You can even mix Proxol with other non-alkaline chemicals. And you can rest easy with Proxol. Custom-er's children and pets are not exposed to Bt iU" i v.\\ v a granular residue left on the turf. Proxol is easy on the environment, too. No unpleasant odor to offend customers. No long-term re-sidual buildup in the soil. Proxol kills grubs and surface feeders. Fast! Over 150 U.S. distributors and 8 regional TUCO Distribution Centers assure convenient product availability. These same sources al-so have Acti-dione; a TUCO broad spectrum fungicide, long used by golf course super-intendents, to stop turf disease problems be-fore they start. For more information, call toll-free: Outside Michigan-800-253-8600 Inside Michigan (collect)-616-385-6613 Division of The Upjohn Company Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001 Here'san inside look at what you should be using to clear heavy brush and weeds.Ihe Stihl FS-80 Brushcutter. Machined to perfection. Lightweight Precision bal-anced. Easy to handle. And it's designed for a wide range of cutting attach-
ments from blades to 
monofilament line to the exclusive "Polycut" head. You can buy heavy-duty brushcuttens and trim-mers for less. But when it comes to power tools, one thing will always be true. You get what you pay for. Foryour local dealer's name, call toll-free 1-800-528-6050, Extension 1430. In Arizona call 1-800-352-0458, Extension 1430. For sales and service, see the Yellow Pages under "saws." STIHL The \X/brld s Largest Selling Chain Saw.