BUSINESS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Pre-payment plans generate quicx cash With interest rates near 22 per-cent and still climbing, many lawn care companies are finding that a customer pre-payment dis-count plan is a way to generate quick cash without the aid of a bank. The way such plans usually work, is that the lawn care com-pany offers its customers anywhere from a two to a 10 per-cent discount on the total yearly 
charge if he is willing to pay the 
cost of a full year's service at one time. The advantages of using a dis-count plan are that it gives com-panies extra revenues that help offset the pre-season start-up costs incurred by businesses for items such as advertising and 
new equipment, or to enhance the company's ability to engage in research and development. This year, 14 percent of Davey Lawnscape's customers took ad-vantage of that company's five percent discount plan, bringing 
in nearly $900,000 in early revenues that were used to pur-
chase new trucks and equip-ment. Davey is based in Kent, Ohio. A similar plan, which was test marketed in two Michigan loca-
tions by Spray-A-Lawn, Inc. brought in nearly $25,000 in early revenues. Larry Brandt, presi-dent of the Cincinnati-based 
firm, was pleased with the results. "The one Michigan loca-tion received about 25 percent of its payments in advance and the other location nearly 20 percent. I'd call that excellent." Brandt pointed out another ad-vantage of using a discount plan. By getting money in early, the lawn care businessman himself can take advantage of early pay-ment discounts offered to him by manufacturers and suppliers. Most important, however, is that money obtained through early payments is cheaper in many cases than money borrowed from a bank. "The way interest rates are going, if you to page 16 Will standard customer retention practices keep negative option issue out of the courts? If the potentially volatile "negative option" issue is to stay out of the courtroom, lawn care businessmen will have to stan-dardize their customer retention practices. Taking the time to insure that the consumer is made aware of the company's intention to follow such a policy is the first, and most important step. How the negative option ap-proach works, is that the lawn 
care company provides service 
on a continuing basis from ap-plication to application, or even 
year to year without notifying the 
customer, unless the customer specifically requests that the ser-vice be discontinued. Such negative option plans are accepted as standard practice in the lawn care industry, and the problems most businessmen run 
into are minor ones. "Some peo-
ple forget to call us when they move," says Marty Erbaugh, 
president of Lawnmark Associa-tion in Peninsula, Ohio, "or they sign up with another lawn care service and forget to call their former lawn care service. A typical problem is that in the spring, we get ready to make ap-plications on all of our lawns, we 
apply the product, and people 
call the office and say, 'I didn't L4WN f ^ffll Serving lawn maintenance Ł JUI^/ki and chemical lawn ^^ ^^fMI I care professionals. INDUSTRY JUNE 1980 Ł VOL. 4, NO. 6 Ł A Harvest Publication MEETINGS ChemLawn to hold turf insect symposium The ChemLawn Corp. will hold its "Symposium on Turfgrass In-sects - 1980" Oct. 14-15 at the Sheraton-Columbus Hotel, in Columbus, Ohio. Some of the major topics of the two day symposium include: Ł Host Resistance to Insects and Mite Pests of Warm Season Grasses Ł Evaluation of Cool-Season Turfgrass Varieties for Suscep-tibility to Injury from Chinchbug Ł Evaluation of Turfgrass Varieties for Susceptibility to In-jury from Bluegrass Billbug Ł Pilot IPM Studies on South-ern Turfgrass Ł Use of Sex Pheromones in Turf Management Ł New Directions in Lawn CareŠA Working IPM Program Ł Influence of Soil and Climatic Factors on Insecticide Toxicity Ł Distribution and Persistence order it this year."' A far more serious problem that faces many lawn care busi-nessmen like Marty Erbaugh is when these dissatisfied customers turn to agencies such as the Better Business Bureau (BBB). Although the BBB has no legislative authority, it is recognized as a powerful voice in the consumer rights arena. "Some customers think they are being ripped off," Erbaugh explains. "We come out, do the application and send out the bill 
for it, when they didn't ask for the service." However, it is the imprac-ticality of contacting every customer prior to each applica-tion that prompts lawn care com-panies to use the negative option plan in the first place. "We have 3,000 customers and we make four applications a year. If we 
had to call them back in the 
spring, or get signed contracts from 3,000 people, it would be a horror show," Erbaugh says. He adds that the cost of confirming each application would be phenomenal, and in fact, an 
unnecessary inconvenience to many customers who have no in-tention of discontinuing the ser-vice. The negative option ap-proach also permits the lawn care company to schedule the to page 19 of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon in Soil When Applied to Turf Ł Persistence and Movement of Four Insecticides in Soil and Thatch Ł Absorbtion of Insecticides on Thatch Ł Persistence of Insecticides in Water With Special Reference to pH Ł"The Incidence of Insecticide Resistance in Surface Inhabiting Pests in Turfgrass Ł Soil Inhabiting Pests 
Ł Chinch Bug and Bluegrass to page 5 m - ; QUICK STARTS Meeting the industry's research needs page 8 Scheduling fertilizer applications page 10 Landscape standards may be developed page 10 Coping with toxic chemical spills page 18 Virginia Tech's Dr. Shoulders retires page 19 NEWSMAKERS 2 MEETING tí ATES 4 MEMOS 5 COST CUTTINGS 6 MARKETING IDEA FILE 12 TOOLS, TIPS & TECHNIQUES 16 PRODUCTS 20 CLASSIFIEDS 22 E I ii h f. hZflfl* IM 9NISNV1 iStfä MNft iiViS HVJIH3IW 3>»iia intfd aa un- -8¿t-iia3 _ MU 3a ŠSNŠZZ2EE 9Zd 3Iä nited States, see tinuing series of it problems the Topics for this shirt or blouse trousers jacket T-shirt 80% 65% gear a U 35% 34% 22% 21% 5% gloves What uniform items do landscapers commonly require their employees to wear? Source: National Landscape Association NEWSMAKERS The Sensation Corp., Omaha, Neb. has appointed two new dis-tributors. Port Huron Machinery, Lincoln, will handle portions of Nebraska, and Property Care, Inc., Omaha, will handle Omaha, Nebraska, Iowa and Missouri. Robert G. Novelli is president and Judith A. Novelli is secre-tary/treasurer of PGMS, Inc., Mount Airy, Md. The company offers mowing/maintenance and 
both liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Terry O. Alexander has joined Heckendorn Mfg. Co., Inc., Cedar Point, Kans. as eastern 
regional sales manager. He was formerly vice president of sales with OME, Inc., Excel Industries 
and Zaun Equipment. He will es-tablish planned sales procedures for Heckendorn. turfgrass management. He holds a B.S. degree in horticulture from Colorado State University. He also received his M.S. degree 
in turfgrass management from Colorado State, and his Ph.D. from the University of Rhode Island. Ted Hadeed is president of Agro-Lawn Systems, Inc., Landover, Md. The company was 
formerly known as Lawn-A-Mat of Prince Georges County, Inc. Jon Perdew is company agrono-
mist. The company is involved in chemical application of granular materials. Richard Johnson is president of All Seasons Arborists, Inc., Latham, N.Y. Dale Boswell is vice president. The company ap-plies liquid fertilizers and pesti-cides to lawns. Kohler Co.'s Engine Division, Kohler, Wis. recently appointed Wayne Bee manager of interna-tional field sales and Richard Lundin international area manager. Bee Lundin Larry Holtzman is president of Lawn Growers, Inc., Atlanta, Ga. Eric Rosenberg is vice president; Toby Holtzman is secre-tary/treasurer; and Jeff Fibus is 
manager. The company offers both liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Keith and Kathy Hargrave are co-owners of Turf Master, 
Athens, Ga. The company offers mowing/maintenance and both 
liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Al Woods is president of Tree Lawn Corp., El Paso, Texas. Vern Autrey is vice president, and Marv Lou Woods is secretary. The company offers liquid chemical lawn care and tree ser-vice. Ronald Grove is president of Lawn Aid, Inc., Tipp City, Ohio. LeRoy Gaskin is vice president and Bill Blankenship is pro-duction manager. The company offers both liquid and granular chemical lawn care. James A. Girard is owner of Jim Girard Landscape Mainte-
nance, Glews Falls, N.Y. William Meneely is maintenance foreman. The company offers mowing/maintenance, granular chemical lawn care, landscaping 
and cemetery maintenance. Alexander Warren R. Heller has been named manager of international sales orders for Jacobsen Divi-sion of Textron, Inc., Racine, Wis. Tim Saunders is manager of Mission Viejo Pest Control, Mission Viejo, Calif. The com-pany offers liquid chemical lawn care and structural pest control. Steve M. Worthington is owner of Triangle Lawn Care, Raleigh, N.C. Brian E. MacDonell is owner of Traverse Outdoor Mainte-nance, Traverse City, Mich. The company offers landscaping, irrigation installation and main-tenance and mowing/mainte-
nance. A.Y. De Loaf is president of Great Lakes Lawn Spray, Farmington, Mich. The company 
offers chemical lawn care. Sam Moreno is president of Lawn Management, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. The company offers both li-quid and granular chemical lawn care. John F. Flory is president of Liberty Lawn, Inc. Levittown, Pa. 
Christine M. Flory is secretary and Douglas R. Battson is manager. The company offers both liquid and granular 
chemical lawn care. Arthur D. Ainsworth is presi-dent of Property Maintenance Service, Inc., Fairport, N.Y. Marilyn P. Ainsworth is secre-
tary. The company offers 
mowing/maintenance and both 
liquid and granular chemical lawn care. Ronald Kuerz is owner of St. Louis Hills Lawn Care, St. Louis. The company offers mow-ing/maintenance and chemical lawn care. Dr. Peter H. Dernoeden has joined the agronomy department at the University of Maryland as 
assistant professor of turfgrass 
science. He will be responsible for extension and research in What were your gross receipts in 1978 for mowing/maintenance or chemical lawn care services? AVERAGE RESPONSE: $100,915 %\AU0 MOWING: 34% DRY-APPLIED FERTILIZATION: 14% INSECT CONTROL 10% WEED CONTROL 8% LIQUID-APPLIED FERTILIZATION: 7% DISEASE CONTROL 4% Source: 1979 LCI survey Average lawn care businessman grosses $100,000-plus annually The average reader of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY grossed $100,-915 in 1978, according to a recent survey conducted by the magazine. The survey, conducted late last summer, asked the question: "What were your gross receipts in 1978 for mowing/maintenance or chemical lawn care?" The $100,915 figure, when pro-jected across the percentage of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY'S read-ership that derives more than 50 percent of its income from either chemical lawn care or mowing/maintenance, comes to a total of $950 million of gross THE INSECTICIDE THAT UKES TO WORK OVERTIME receipts in 1978 for the read-ership of LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY. The industry has been growing at a rate of between 20 and 25 percent a year, other magazine surveys have shown. When asked the question: "Please write in as best you can estimate the percentages of your 1978 gross receipts that came from the following sources," the following percentages were 
received in the survey: Mowing, 34 percent; dry-application fertilization, 14 per-
cent; insect control, 10 percent; weed control, eight percent; liquid-application fertilization, seven percent; and disease con-trol, four percent. "As you can see," said Clarence Arnold, LAWN CARE INDUSTRY'S market research manager, "roughly 77 percent of 
the readers' total gross receipts were in the lawn care industry. The average reader of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY grossed $100,915 in 1978. Pro-jected across the maga-zine's readership, a total of $950 million in gross receipts was reported. The answer to our first question should be interpreted as that part of the readers' receipts that are from mowing/maintenance or chemical lawn care services." Many LAWN CARE INDUSTRY readers are also involved in such activities as landscape con-tracting, structural pest control and other activities. According to Arnold, the names for the sample upon which the gross receipt figures 
were based were chosen by an nth name selection from all sub-scribers to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. A letter and a questionnaire, and coin incentive were mailed July 10. A follow-up letter, questionnaire and dollar incen-tive were mailed to non-respondents only, on August 4. Returns were closed August 27 with 47.4 percent of the original 500 contacts responding. Further information about the survey is available upon request from Arnold, at 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102, or by 
calling 216-651-5500. DURSBAN* brand insecticides provide un-surpassed residual con-trol of cutworms, chinch bugs, sod webworms, and a dozen other turf pests. Both DURSBAN 2E Insecticide and double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide keep working a lot longer than other turf insec-ticides. This residual action saves you time, trips, and labor. It also saves you money. In fact, ^Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company DURSBAN insecti-cides cost less than most other turf insecticides. Ask your supplier for the turf insec-ticide that works over-time for you. Get DURSBAN 2E Insecticide or double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide. Just be sure to read and follow all label directions and precautions. Agricul-tural Products Depart-cT ment, Midland, Michigan 48640. Circle 112 on free information card DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. MEETING DATES Z 5 > oc H CO O Q z w a: < u z è < J 18th Annual Landscape Irrigation Conference, University of California Lake Arrowhead Conference Center, Riverside, Calif., June 8. Contact: P. Angiollilo, University of California, Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Riverside, Calif. 92521. Residential Landscape Design Course I, Milwaukee, WI, June 18-20. Contact: John Shaw, executive director, ALCA, 1750 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22101, 703-893-5440. Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, June 18-20. Contact: Dr. David F. Karnoskv, Cary Arboretum, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, 914-677-5343, Residential Landscape Design Course I, Tucson, AZ, June 23-25. Contact: John Shaw, executive director, ALCA, 1750 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22101, 703-893-5440. 1980 Tax Seminar, Hyatt Regency O'Hare, Chicago, IL, June 24-25. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.. Suite 1005, Washington. D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Residential Landscape Design Course II, 
Phoenix, AZ, June 26-28. Contact: John Shaw, executive director, ALCA, 1750 
Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22101, 703-893-5440. Ohio State University Turfgrass Re-search Field Day, Turfgrass Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Aug. 5. Contact: Keith Karnok, OSU Department of Agronomy, 1827 Neil Ave., Columbus. Ohio 43210, 614-422-2591. Illinois Landscape Contractors Associa-tion Annual Summer Field Day, Chicago Horticultural Society Botanic Gardens, Glencoe, 111., Aug. 6. Contact: Lucile Lit-tle, ILCA, 202 W. Main, Box 1049, St. Charles, 111. 60174, 312-584-5770. 1980 Rutgers Turfgrass Research Day, New Brunswick, NJ, August 6. Contact: Raplph E. Engel, P.O. Box 201, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, 201-932-9427. Residential Landscape Design Course I, Seattle, WA, Aug. 7-9. Contact: John Shaw, executive director, ALCA, 1750 
Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22101, 703-821-8611. Iowa State University Turfcrass Field Day, Horticulture Research Station, Ames, IA, Aug. 12. Contact: A.E. Cott,ex-tension horticulturist, Department of 
Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, 515294-1870. Lawn, Garden Outdoor Living, Division of National Hardware Store, McCormick Place. Chicago, IL, Aug. 13-16. Con-tact: National Hardware Show, Charles Snitow, 331 Madison Ave., New York, NY 
10017, 212-682-4802. Tan-Misslark Trade Show. Astro Hall, Houston, TX, Aug. 16-19. Contact: Bill Fullingim, Tesas Association of Nursery-men, 512 E. Riverside Drive, Austin, TX 78704, 512-444-7489. Rhoae island Turfgrass Field Day, Turf Research Farm, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, Aug. 20. Contact: Professor C.R. Skogley, Plant and Soil Science Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, 401-792-2570. Western Regional Grounds Maintenance and Equipment Show, Bear Creek Park, Colorado Springs, Aug. 26. Contact: Frank Cosgrove, regional director, National Recreation and Park Association, 3500 
Ridge Road, P.O. Box 6900, Colorado Springs, CO 80934. Ohio Turf and Landscape Day, Ohio Agri-1 De ept. Dave Nielsen. OARDC, Wooster, Ohio 44691, 216-264-1021. cultural Research and Development Cen-ter, Wooster, Ohio, Sept. 9. Contact: Dr. 6th Annual Garden Industry of America Conference & Trade Show, Convention Center, Baltimore, Md., Sept. 12-14, 1980. Contact: GIA Conference & Trade Show, Box 1092, Minneapolis, Minn. 55440, 612-374-5200. National Lawn & Garden Distributors 
Association Annual Convention, Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., Sept. 16-19. Contact: Nancy S. Irvine, executive director NLGDA, 1900 Arch St., Philadel-phia, Pa. 19103. International Franchise Association Tax Seminar, Hyatt Regency O'Hare, Chicago, 111., Sept. 22-24. Contact: IFA, 
1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. A Family of Fine Products: Lescosan 12.5G Ł Lescorene Ł Leseo 4 Ł Lescobor Ł Lescopar Ł Lescopex Ł Leseo Non-Selective Herbicide Ł Leseo MSMA Ł Leseo Thiram 75W Ł Lescozyme Ł Lakeshore Chinch Bug & Sod Webworm Control. Write 130 on free information card Northwest Turfgrass Annual Conference, Sunriver Lodge, Sunriver, OR, Sept. 22-
25. Contact: Dr. Roy Goss, executive sec-retary, Northwest Turfgrass Association, Western Washington Research and Ex-tension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371, 206-593-8513. Central Plains Turfgrass Foundation, Kansas State University Turf Conference, KSU Union, Manhattan, KS, Sept. 30 -Oct. 2. Contact: R.N. Carrow, secre-tary/treasurer, Horticulture Department, Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, 913-532-6170. Kentucky Turfgrass Conference & Field Day, Eastern Kentucky University, Rich-mond, KY, Oct. 7-9. Contact: Kenneth B. Rue, president, Kentucky Turfgrass Council, 3110 Brownsboro Road, Louis-
ville, KY 40206, 502-893-7137. Franchise Management Workshop, 
Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills, Calif., Oct. 8-9. Contact: International Franchise 
Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Symposium on Turfgrass Insects, Holiday Inn, Columbus, Ohio, October 14-15. Con-tact: Dr. B.G. Joyner, Plant Diagnostic Labs, ChemLawn Corp., 6969 
Worthington-Galena Road, Suite L, 
Worthington, Ohio 43085, 614-885-9588. Southwest Turfgrass Association Conference. New Mexico State Univer-sity, Las Cruces, NM, Oct. 16-17. Contact: 
Arden A. Baltensperger, secretary-treasurer, Southwest Turfgrass Associa-tion, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 3-Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003. Second National Irrigation Symposium, Nebraska Center for Continuing Educa-
tion, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 
NE, Oct. 20-23. Contact: Dr. Dale Heer-
mann or Dr. Del Fangmeier, Department of Soils, Water, and Engineering, Univer-sity of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, 602-
626-1412. Franchise Management Workshop. Con-tinental Plaza Chicago, 111., Oct.. 22-23. Contact: International Franchise Associa-tion, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Franchise Management Workshop, Old Town Holiday Inn, Alexandria, Va., Nov. 5-6. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Missouri Lawn and Turf Conference. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Nov. 5-7. Contact: Dr. John H. Dunn, pro-fessor of horticulture, 1-43 Agriculture 
Building, Columbia, MO 65211, 314-882-7838. Southern Turfgrass Conference, Bir-mingham Hyatt House, Birmingham, AL, Nov. 9-12. Contact: Dr. Euel Coats, ex-ecutive secretary, Southern Turfgrass Association, Drawer CP, Mississippi State, MS 39762, 601-325-3138. Doral Country Club, Miami We're Sold on I have used various varieties of ryegrass for winter overseeding on courses in Florida. For the last two years we have used CBS Blend at Doral and we were very pleased with the results. We had excellent greens throughout the winter. We found CBS Blend the most disease resistant, and a better transition as the Burmudagrass came back in the summer. Yes, we will use CBS again this fall. Superintendent, Doral Country Club LESCO BLEND See foryourself what CBS LESCO Blend can do. Call toll-free forthis superior grass seed blend and all the other quality LESCO Products. LESCO 100% Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers. (800)321-5325 NATIONWIDE (800)362-7413 IN OHIO , rO^A <216>323"7544 COLLECT LESCCp PRODUCTS Division of Lakeshore Equipment & Supply Co. 300 South Abbe Road, Elyria, Ohio 44035 CHEMLAWN iron, page 1 Billbug Control With Spring Ap-plication of Insecticide Ł Biological Agents for Sup-pression of Soil Inhabiting Pests Ł The Winter Grain Mite Ł The Greenbug Aphid Ł The Black Turfgrass Ataenius Ł Biology and Control of Mole Crickets and the Banks Grass MiteŠA Potential Pest of Turf-grass in Florida Ł A Survey of USDA-SEA-AR and University Input of Profes-sional Personnel to Turfgrass Entomology Ł Industry's Contribution to Turfgrass Entomology Ł Turfgrass Entomology from the Golf Course Superinten-dent's View Point Ł Turfgrass Entomology from the Commercial Lawn Care In-dustry Perspective Ł The Turfgrass Industry and the Role of Entomology In It: Present and Future Also included in the program will be a tour of the ChemLawn Field Research Center. Pre-registration is encouraged with the fee being $25. For further details and a registration form contact: Dr. B.G. Joyner, Plant Diagnostic Labs, ChemLawn Corp., 6969 Worthington-Galena Rd., Suite L, Worthington, OH 43085. MOWERS/TRACTORS Jake launches campus turf equipment training The first on-campus training pro-gram conducted by Jacobsen Division of Textron, Inc., Racine, Wis., will be held at Lake City Community College in Florida June 9-13 and again June 16-18. The three two-and-one-half-day sessions, administered by 
Jacobsen product training in-structors, will feature classroom instruction, hands-on operation, and repair of a variety of equip-
ment, including F and HF series tractors. Other subjects will include hydrostatic transmissions, grinding and reel sharpening, hy-draulic systems and mainte-nance of various units. According to Phillip A. Taylor, Jacobsen general manager, turf service, field and factory train-ing has been a primary activity at Jacobsen. "During the past 25 years, Jacobsen has trained over 10,000 distributor and customer person-nel in our various programs," Taylor said, "and we are commit-ted to providing factory training for turf equipment users.'1 L4WN OIRE INDUSTRY Editor/Associate Publisher: ROBERT EARLEY Assistant Editor: DAN MORELAND, KATHLEEN MILGATE Graphic Director: RAYMOND GIBSON 
Publishing Director: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER 
Communications & Promotion: NANCY WILKINSON Research Manager: CLARENCE ARNOLD Advertising Production: CHRIS SIMKO Editorial Secretary: JEANNIE SUTTON MARKETING/SALES Circulation Manager: ROSALIE SLUSHER (216) 651-5500 
Circulation & List Rental: SHARON JONES (216) 651-5500 Marketing & Merchandising Services: FRAN FRANZAK (216) 651-5500 New York Office: (212) 421-1350 757 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Midwest Office: JEFF DREAZEN (312) 236-9425 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601 Southern Office: DICK GORE (404) 233-1817 3091 Maple Dr., Atlanta, Ga. 30305 Northwest Office: BOB MIEROW (206) 363-2864 1333 N.W. Norcross, Seattle, WA 98177 Classified: DOROTHY LOWE (216) 651-5500 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 CORPORATE OFFICERS President/Chairman: JAMES MILHOLLAND JR. Senior Vice President: BERNARD P. KRZYS Senior Vice President: DAYTON MATLICK Senior Vice President: CHARLES QUINDLEN 
Vice President: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER LAWN CARE INDUSTRY (USPS 397250) is published monthly by The Harvest Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. at 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 (216) 651-5500. Copyright © 1980 by The Harvest Publishing Company. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be repro-duced either in whole or in part without consent of copyright 
owner. Controlled circulation postage paid at Cleveland, Ohio. SUBSCRIPTIONS: to Lawn Care Industry are solicited only from owners, managers, operators, buyers, agronomists, technicians, dealers, distributors and manufacturers of products associated with the lawn care and maintenance business. Position and company connection must be indicated on subscription orders. Publisher reserves tne right to approve all subscription requests. Single copy cost $1.00 for current issue. All back issues $1.25 each. Foreign $1.25. Sub-scription rates: $12.00 one year, $20.00 two years, $25.00 three years. Group and foreign air mail rates available on request. SUBSCRIBERS: Send change-of-address notices, correspondence regarding subscription service to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care Industry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Change of Address notices should be sent promptly, provide old as well as new address, attach address label from recent issue. Please allow one month for change of address to become effective. POSTMASTER: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care In-dustry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Harvest Business Publications Division Magazines «include: WEEDS TREES & TURF, PEST CONTROL, NPCA Extra, GOLF BUSINESS. Publisher is not liable for delays in delivery and/or non-delivery in the event of Act of God, action by any governmental or quasi-governmental entity, fire, 
flood, insurrection, riot, explosion, embargo, strikes whether legal or illegal, labor or material shortage, transportation interruption of any kind, work slow-down, or any condition beyond tne control of publisher affecting production or delivery in any manner. HARVEST MEMOS Social Security taxes: Many lawn care businessmen have found that Social Security taxes do not have to be paid by either employer or employe on paid sick days. This might be something worth discussing with your accountant or tax ad-visor if your firm has a significant number of paid sick days 
annually, it was reported in the newsletter of the National Landscape Association. Catchy slogan: Paul Kampe, president of Lawnrite Corp., Port Jefferson Station, N.Y., has a catchy new slogan he has had printed on his stationery and other materials. The slogan for his Long Island-based firm is "Winners in the Lawn Run." Housing starts: Single-family housing starts in March dip-ped to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 606,000 Š the lowest level in 10 years. "It's a major decline, but not the end of the drop," says Michael Sumichrast, chief economist of the National Associa-tion of Home Builders. Total starts for the month fell to a rate of 1,041,000, or 22 percent below February and 40 percent 
below the year-ago month. Permits also nosedived, falling 18 percent to 940,000 at an annual rate, the lowest since May, 1975. More heat on soil additives: State agriculture officials have long fought a losing battle to curb sales of so-called miracle 
products that claim to increase crop yields on farms or work 
wonders on lawns and trees. Although government test results have indicated that many such products have little or 
no value, warnings have usually gone unheeded. Now the agronomists are planning a second assault. They will lobby state legislatures to adopt stiff controls that place the burden of proving product effectiveness on the producer. According to a recent article in Business Week, the target of this lobbying is a group of products known variously as crop amendments, plant conditioners and biological additives. In Nebraska alone, state agriculture officials recently counted 300 "nontraditional" products being offered. The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials, a group of state fertilizer officials that is pushing for the tighter controls, recently counted 164 companies selling such products, some costing as much as $75 per gallon. "These peo-
ple come in with a gallon of mostly water and say it will do great things," says Richard A. Wiese, a University of Nebraska soil scientist who has tested many ineffective prod-
ucts. The agricultural scientists are convinced that sellers of these conditioners are bilking users out of millions of dollars each year. But sales are not monitored by any of the federal 
or state agencies that have authority over fertilizers and pes-ticides. Developing accurate estimates is hard, says Howard P. Moore, a fertilizer specialist at the Ohio Agriculture Department, "because users are afraid to admit they got 
taken." Plant food control officials are now drafting tough model legislation that would require companies to submit "data to substantiate any claims made on the label," says J. Allen Stine, chief of the feed and fertilizer branch of Washington's Agriculture Department. Stine, who is also chairman of the plant food association's Soil and Plant Amendments Commit-tee, believes an efficacy test will frustrate companies that 
"come and go and even change their names and addresses." So far only two states Š California and Oklahoma Š re-quire test data on soil and crop treatment products. Another 26 states have adopted an earlier legislative model written by the plant food association, but that version resulted only in 
manufacturers having to identify product ingredients on their labels. Old MacDonald had a ...: Farmer Old MacDonald is being offered a state university. At least that's what the student newspaper at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg would do if it had its choice for renaming the agriculturally and turf oriented 
university. It all started when the Tech administration recently decided to have all university publications refer to the school as Virginia Tech instead of the awkward Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, its full name. Not all faculty, alumni and students agreed with the change, and a minor controversy raged over what to call the school. To settle it, the student newspaper, the Collegiate 
Times, ran a contest for students to nominate what they thought would be an appropriate name. The winner, chosen from 110 entries, was the Eastern In-stitute of Enlightenment and Intellectual Outgrowth Š EIEIO for short. r* > ? Z n > m Z a c CD H 70 C z CD S 5 COST CUTTINGS Get tax credits for some workers You have probably heard of the targeted jobs tax credit, but did you know that your company could chalk up as much as $3,000 in credit for each employe during the first year of work, and $1,500 per employe the second year? And the amount of required paperwork has been kept to a minimum. Federal law allows a credit of 50 percent of each eligible employe's first-year wage, with a $3,000 maximum, and 25 
percent of the employe's second-year wage, with a $1,500 maximum. It can add up. To be eligible, an employe must have been hired after Sept. 26,1978, and fit in one of the designated "target" groups. The groups include youths (18 to 24 years old), Viet Nam veterans (under 35), and convicts (out of jail less than five years) who are considered economically disadvantaged, those receiving Supplemental Security Incomes (SSI) or general assistance, those who have physical or mental dis-abilities that are employment handicaps, and 16-to-18-year-olds who did not graduate from high school or vocational school, but are in a qualified cooperative education program. According to Inc. magazine, employes must obtain a voucher of eligibility from the local State Employment Security Agency (SESA) and give it to the employer who must sign and return it to the SESA office. With SESA certification, the employer simply fills out tax form 5884 and attaches it to his income tax return. However there are limits on how much you can get, points out Price Waterhouse & Co., the national accounting firm. Wages that qualify for the first-year refund cannot exceed 30 percent of the wages eligible for unemployment tax for all employes during that calendar year. And the credit earned cannot exceed 100 percent of the employer's income tax li-
ability for tax years beginning in 1978, and 90 percent for tax 
years beginning in 1979. But the excess may be carried back three years or forward seven years, though the credit cannot be applied against penalty taxes. MEETINGS 1981 A.L.C.A. Trade Exhibit announced The Associated Landscape Con-tractors of America have an-nounced that the 1981 ALCA Trade Exhibit will be held Feb. 10,1981 in the French Market Ex-hibit Hall of the Hyatt Regency New Orleans, in New Orleans, La. The popular industry show, which will attract roughly 1,000 of the leading commercial landscape contracting firms will be held in conjunction with the 
ALCA annual meeting. Incor-porated into the trade exhibit 
will be a buffet luncheon at noon, and a short reception, amidst the displays, at the end of the day. Booth space is available on a "first come, first served" basis. For full information and space reservation material contact: ALCA Exhibit Manager, 1750 Old Meadow Rd., McLean, VA 22102 BOOKS New turf manual is available from Harvest Publishing Co. A new publication, designed to fit the niche between the highly technical turfgrass management books and the insufficiently technical ones is Turfgrass Management, by Dr. A1 Turgeon. Turgeon, formerly of the University of Illinois, now directs a Dallas research branch of Texas A & M. Turfgrass Management has nine chapters and depends heavily on illustrations by F. A. Giles, associate 
professor of horticulture at the University of Illinois, to make informa-tion directly applicable to field conditions. The book takes a holistic approach, in that it explains turfgrass growth and disease in terms of the plant's position in its environment. The first chapters examine the basics of turfgrass growth. A chapter on taxonomy and climatic adaptation provides data on identification 
and cultural requirements of a wide variety of grasses. Middle chap-ters look at the components of the turfgrass environment; atmospheric, soil and biotic influences that effect growth, health and propagation. Other chapters cover cultural practices, pest control, propagation for maximum yield, and customized propagation and maintenance tech-niques for a variety of sites. Appendices contain relevant data on pes-ticide chemistry, calculations and conversion. The book includes a glossary. Inquiries concerning purchase of the book can be sent to: Book Department, Harvest Business Publications, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102. USDA STATISTICS Fertilizer use may decline by three to seven percent U.S. fertilizer use may decline by three to seven percent during the fertilizer year ending this June 30. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics, greater-than-expected increases in prices farmers pay for fertilizer, energy, and interest relative to crop prices, combined with tight farm credit, will discourage fertilizer use this spring. Most forecasts made in late 1979, including the USDA's, had called for a moderate increase in use this fertilizer year. Although less than four percent of all fertilizer used in the U.S. goes for non-farm use, the prices lawn care businessmen pay are affected by farm use statistics. Net domestic supplies of fertilizers are expected to be about 14 per-cent higher this year. So, if the usual strong spring demand for fertil-izer fails to materialize, prices could level off and possibly begin to 
decline, especially phosphates, before the planting season is finished. The statistics show that use of phosphate fertilizer is expected to decline most seVerely, perhaps by seven to 13 percent. Potash con-
sumption may fall by three to seven percent, while nitrogen use may equal last year's level or fall by as much as three percent. Current in-creases in farm prices for fertilizer are the largest since the 1974/75 fertilizer year, when use of the three primary nutrients declined about 
nine percent, with nitrogen down six percent and phosphate and 
potash each down 12 percent. For copies of the USDA's fertilizer statistics contact: Richard Rortvedt or Paul Andrilenas, 202-447-7340. GREEN INDUSTRY Write 136 on free information card brochure featuring the most popular references available on turf care and maintenance. Popular because they're written by experts, designed to use for years to come 
as field guides and refresher texts. Available only through Harvest Business Publications. Book Department 9800 Detroit Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44102 To improve your lawn care business, just add water. You've got a grow-ing business, we've got a growing business. Why not combine them? Installing under-ground automatic sprinkler systems is easy and profitable. And with quality controllers, heads and valves from Rain Bird, rainmakers to the world since 1933, your customer is assured the best system available. His lawn stays healthier and so do you. For more information on this money-making opportunity, contact your nearest Rain Bird distributor. Or write to us at the address below. We'll show you how easy it is to make more green while you make more green. PainHBIPD Bringing new ideas to life. 7045 N. Grand Avenue, Glendora, CA 91740 « Ram Bird « a registered trademark of Rain Bird sprinkler Mfg Corp Glendora california c 1978 Ram Bird Sor inkier Mfg Corp Your life could be easier with The low-burn-potential, true solution nitrogen for lawn and turf professionals. Reduced burning. Quick green-up. Nitrogen released in one season. Improved performance over dry products. No agitation, clogging or bag handling. No aggravation. These are the benefits that help make your lawn care service program easier throughout the season. FORMOLENE nitrogen fertilizer is a clear water solution of synthetic non-protein organic nitrogen, based on methylol-ureas and urea, ready for easy blending with other nutrients. Because of uptake efficiency through foliage and root systems, FORMOLENE fertilizer provides the econ-omy you need with the color response and healthy turf your customers like to see. And it can be used on any kind of turf as part of your year-round lawn care spray program. In spring, FORMOLENE nitrogen fertilizer quickly greens turf, but without that burst of growth that leads to disease and excessive mowing schedules. During the hot, dry summer, FORMOLENE nitrogen won't burn when used as directed, but delivers steady growth with adequate watering while retaining healthy turf color. For fall lawn care programs, you can count on FORMOLENE fertilizer to help strengthen root formation and support winter carryover of nitrogen for a healthy growth start the following spring. FORMOLENE fertilizer has a 30-0-2 analysis and blends easily with other solution nutrients and most turf herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. It can be used at rates as high as 2 lb per 1,000 sq. ft., per application, without burning. And rates of less than 1 lb per 1,000 sq. ft. can yield excellent results, providing an edge in economy and efficiency over many nitrogen sources. This easy-to-handle nitrogen fertilizer is available from Ashland in 20-ton tank truck loads. Smaller quantities, and complete N-P-K blend concentrates based on FORMOLENE, are available from authorized dealers. In short, FORMOLENE fertilizer provides the ideal basis for putting nitrogen on your cus-tomers' lawns with a minimum of aggravation. We'll be glad to tell you more. Write Ashland Chemical Company, Chemical Systems Division, Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216. Or call one of our FORMOLENE experts at (614) 889-3490 or 889-4655. "Trademark. Ashland Oil. Inc Ashland Ashland Chemical Company 8 2 D oc H c/3 D Q Z w os < U z < J Turf grass Research: Meeting the special needs of the lawn care industry by Dr. fames Wilkinson, director of research, ChemLawn Corp. The lawn care industry today is expanding at a tremendous rate. Few people, even as recently as three to four years ago, would have anticipated the growth the industry is now experiencing. 
Most people would now agree that lawn care is becoming a vital part of the total turfgrass 
industry. Lawn care services have been available to homeowners for many years, however, few pro-
fessionally trained turfgrass managers have become involved 
in the lawn care industry until recently. Many operations in the 
past consisted of one man, a pickup truck and fertilizer spreader. The recent surge in the lawn care industry has been 
backed in most cases by profes-sionally trained turfgrass person-nel. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the lawn care industry has many research needs which have not been totally met or have been ignored Although turfgrass re-search began as early as the 1880's, major strides were not made until the late 1940's with the introduction of new pesticides ana improved cultivars. by turfgrass research in the past. Although turfgrass research began as early as the 1880's, ma-jor strides were not made until the late 1940's with the introduc-tion of new pesticides and 
improved cultivars. Both univer-sity and industry research have contributed most heavily in the 
areas of turfgrass breeding, fer-tility, nutrition and management, whereas industry has made the major advances in the develop-
ment of new pesticides for weed, 
insect and disease control. Despite many major achieve-ments in turfgrass science, 
numerous areas remain a con-cern to the turf industry as a 
whole: Breeding challenges remain in the development of disease-resistant cultivars and 
cultivars tolerant to low fertility and drought stress; fertility prob-lems relating to more efficient 
use of nitrogen, phosphorus and 
potassium coupled with 
improved diagnostic methods (soil and tissue) to evaluate nutrient cycles, and control; new or recently recognized disease problems such as Fusarium, anthracnose and red leaf spot, and insect problems such as the Ataenius grub will require a con-tinuing research effort; and finally, need for more thorough 
investigation of problems relating to management Š mow-
ing and thatch, establishment, renovation and cultivation. The lawn care industry has special research problems. In addition to the research areas 
outlined above which are a con-
cern to the total turfgrass in-
dustry, the lawn care industry 
has many unique research needs. These unique needs are the result of several factors: Ł Most lawn care companies schedule visits to a lawn any-where from a six- to 12-week basis. This situation creates the 
need to insure adequate material residual of both fertilizers and 
pesticides to last through this in-terval. In addition, working on such a schedule often means a company representative is not on a lawn frequently enough to spot developing problems. As a result, a lawn care service most 
frequently gets called back to a lawn by the homeowner after a 
particular weed, insect or dis-ease problem has gone beyond the point of easy control. Ł Lawn care companies must maintain a multitude of home lawn situations. Many different microenvironments, soils, species and cultivars are encoun-tered. Turfgrass management is made easier in many ways when the manager, for example a golf superintendent, has a limited number of species, soils, etc. to work with. Many lawn care com-panies are modifying programs to fit sun versus shade con-ditions, or species differences and utilizing soil tests to make supplemental applications of lime, phosphorus and potassium when needed. However, there is a great need to improve pro-grams to meet the special re-quirements of individual lawns. Ł Because of several distinct operational advantages, many companies are successfully 
utilizing liquid systems to deliver soluble and insoluble fertilizers and pesticides. This is a 
relatively new practice in the 
realm of turf management, although liquid fertilizers are being used extensively throughout agriculture in general. Use of the liquid fer-tility technique has not been 
researched to the same extent as dry programs. Ł Most companies today, whether utilizing liquid or dry programs, are applying a number 
of different fertilizers and pesti-
cides in one pass over a lawn. This leads to two situations which can create problems. First, chemical imcompatibility, where materials are not compatible The 2-Step TUrf Renewal Plan with Roundup and Pennfine. One. Ttoo. Spray Roundup® on the turf area to be renewed. With just one application of Roundup® herbicide by Monsanto, you can control or destroy most unwanted vegetation. Including stubborn intruders like annual bluegrass, bermudagrass, quackgrass, johnsongrass, tall fescue, and kikuyu grass. In a matter of days, Roundup circulates throughout these weeds. Even into the below-ground roots, destroying the entire plant. Yet Roundup has no residual soil activity. That means there is no injury to new seedings planted after application. Spread Pennfine Perennial Ryegrass seed over the area treated with Roundup. After applying Roundup, seed with fast-growing, fine-leafed Pennfine Perennial Ryegrass. Pennfine was developed by Dr. Joe Duich at Pennsyl-vania State University. Pennfine has been proven to germinate quicker, grow denser, and resist disease better than traditional ryegrasses. And it penetrates compact soil, sending its roots to deptns of 12 to 18 inches. These qualities make Pennfine an excellent choice for turf renewal and help to explain why it's used by turf profes-sionals from coast to coast. In a short time, you'll see the proof for yourself. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL FOR ROUNDUP.® ROUNDUP* IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF MONSANTO CO.. ST. LOUIS. MO. MONSANTO COMPANY 1979 PENNFINE PERENNIAL RYEGRASS HAS BEEN ACCORDED U.S. PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION GERTIFIGATE NO. 7200019 within the same spray tank. Second, placement incom-patibility, where different materials frequently are applied together whose targets are at different locations within the turf microenvironment. For ex-ample, the combined use of a 
broadleaf herbicide and an in-secticide for grub control, whether applied liquid or dry, would present placement prob-lems. The herbicide should remain on the foliage to achieve 
maximum control, whereas an 
insecticide should be watered into the thatch and soil. Specific challenges for lawn care research. A very limited number of lawn care companies today support active research programs, and few if any univer-
sity research programs are aimed directly at the problems 
unique to the lawn care industry. However, as many companies grow within the rapidly ex-panding lawn care market, more to the industry. A very limited number of lawn care companies to-day support active research programs, and few if any university research programs are aimed directly at the problems unique to the lawn care industry. However, as many companies grow within the rapidly expanding lawn care market, more and more will recognize that the research needs of the industry must be met. I and more will recognize the research needs of the industry must be met. If the industry is go-ing to successfully reach its full 
potential, the following areas I 
believe will require research at-tention: (1) How can we more closely adjust programs to meet the specific problems of different locations, soil types, microen-vironments, species and cultivars, present pest problems, etc? To do this, we will require a 
highly trained applicator who 
can adjust programs as the 
different situations from lawn to 
lawn dictate. Specialized ap-plication equipment must be developed to accomplish this. Delivery systems which would enable the applicator to adjust 
programs as he moves from one lawn to the next would be a boon Free Write 136 on free information card (2) Liquid fertility programs require a substantial research ef-fort. Fertility research has trad-itionally been based on dry pro-grams. Much research conducted utilizing dry fertilizers and pesti-
cides is not completely valid and many established ideas must be reevaluated. (3) Coupled with liquid fer-tility research, the mechanism of physiological burn and materials which produce burn will be a continuing problem. New materials and old materials in 
new combinations will have to be constantly evaluated for burn potential. One serious problem that exists in this area is that we often recognize the problems leading to burn, however, we are 
not always able to adjust our pro-duction schedule or materials rapidly enough to totally avoid burn. (4) Understanding tank mix compatibility is an area which 
has been given little attention in the past. More and more lawn care companies are utilizing li-
quid programs, combining several different fertilizer and pesticide materials in one spray tank. Several articles have re-cently appeared in trade magazines regarding tank mix-
ing, however, these have often contained old, erroneous infor-mation leading to confusion 
within the industry. Most lawn care companies up to now unfor-tunately have taken a try-it-and-see attitude. Especially as new products become available, much more knowledge needs to be gained regarding tank mixes and their chemical and physical 
compatibilities. In addition, com-panies utilizing dry programs of-ten utilize fertilizer and pesti-cide combinations which have not been thoroughly evaluated 
with respect to pesticide ef-ficiency. (5) New and improved fertil-izer materials need to be found. This is especially true in the utilization of fertilizer materials in liquid programs. A liquid slow-release nitrogen source would find wide acceptance in the lawn care industry. Another important area would be the development of slow-release ni-trogen sources with improved 
release properties which would better fit into production sched-ules. Questions relating to ef-ficient fertilizer utilization must also be answered. (6) Weed and insect control programs will need continual improvement. Many hard-to-kill weeds are special problems. In addition, applying herbicides and insecticides on a six- to 12-week production schedule pre-
sents several unique problems for the lawn care industry. For 
example, applying an insecticide 
which has a critical timing re-quirement becomes difficult. 
Other examples of problems in-clude the application of a preemergent herbicide to every lawn in the spring prior to an-nual grass germination, short in-secticide residual, and move-ment of insecticides through thatch for grub control where irrigation generally is not to page 13 Put Our Free Kit to the Test. Find out for yourself how effectively these two superior products work together in a simple turf renewal program. All it will cost you is the price of a stamp. Name (Please print) Company or Institution Address *It will have cost you nothing to see how dramatically the 2-Step Turf Renewal Plan can improve your turf. Our free kit contains enough Roundup and Pennfine to renew about 200 square feet of turf. And when you see the results, you can judge for yourself just how well this new concept in turf renewal works. Roundup and Pennfine -the 2-Step Turf Renewal Plan. State Zip Send this coupon to: Turf Renewal Plan, Box 923, Minneapolis, MN 55440 Note: this offer is restricted to turf professionals-those whose livelihood depends on the maintenance of quality turf. Limit one per company or course. Offer void where prohibited by law 10 MEETINGS BUSINESS OVERVIEW íaridscapeVtandards^ Scheduling chemical, fertilizer applications z 5 > oc H 
CO D O z w oc < u Z < j A broad-based landscape in-dustry group headed by the Stan-dards and Specifications Sub-committee of the California 
Landcape Contractors Associa-tion recently met for the purpose of organizing and developing minimum acceptable standards for the industry. The committee, under the direction of landscape contractor Roger D. Fiske of San Ramon, will develop standards covering 
site preparation, including grad-ing, drainage and erosion con-trol, as well as off-site utilities such as gas and electricity, 
sewage, telephone and water 
supply. Additional standards will cover irrigation; lighting; planting; interiorscaping; ex-terior and interior maintenance; and hardscapes including con-
crete, masonry and wood con-struction. The standards developed by the group are expected to be used by all members of the in-dustry, as well as by public agen-
cies and educational institutions. Other participants in the orga-nizational meeting held April 16, 
in Oakland, besides CLCA were representatives of the American Institute of Landscape Archi-tects, Associated Landscape Con-
tractors of America, American Society of Golf Course Archi-tects, American Society of Irriga-tion Consultants, California Association of Nurserymen, In-ternational Erosion Control Association, the Irrigation Asso-
ciation, Living Plant Growers Association, the Redwood Asso-ciation, and the Southern Cali-fornia Turfgrass Council. Fiske invites all segments of the industry to participate, in-cluding contractors, suppliers, manufacturers and designers. For information about the group and the next meeting, contact: Roger Fiske, 3 Cherry Hills Court, San Ramon, CA 94583. by Doug Halterman, Leisure Lawn, Inc. Everything we do in the lawn care business involves timing and schedules. There are sched-
ules for production, advertising, 
equipment maintenance and for timing of preemergents and in-secticides, as well as for herbi-cides and fertilizers. First, we will explore timing, since we must acquire a feel for 
when the best time is to accom-plish a series of tasks before we can arrive at a schedule for those tasks. We will look basically at 
the timing of chemical and fertil-izer applications, but also take a brief look at aeration, de-thatching and seeding. If we look up the definition of timing, we find it is the moment of occurrence of something so as to produce the most effective 
results. Two common examples of timing are the timing of an 
engine and the timing of a golfer's swing. In turf, we need to apply the correct materials at the proper time to obtain the desired 
results. We need to operate to 
favor turfgrass and to weaken its 
competitors. Often in the past we 
in the industry have operated for 
our own convenience Š that is, taken the easy way out. We need 
to readjust our thinking in several key areas to start looking at things that are best for turf 
over the long run. We need to 
take time to stop and think of 
what long-range implications may follow actions that may have been thought of as basic to the 
lawn care industry. Don't look at making any dramatic short-term moves, but look for systematic methods that 
develop programs and tech-niques to provide a healthy, long-term maintenance program. Chemical, fertilizer applica-tions. First, let's take a look at some considerations for timing of chemical and fertilizer applica-tions. With preemergent herbicides, look for an ideal starting date based on the chemical you decide to use, its longevity, its ef-fectiveness, your local conditions and program goals. Obviously, 
cost is a major consideration which makes this decision progressively more difficult each year. The familiar chemicals which are available are: Ł Betasan Š Long-lasting, best used in those areas where heavy 
annual grass pressure exists. Doug Halterman is an executive vice-president at Leisure Lawn, Inc., in West Carrollton, Ohio. The com-pany grossed an estimated $3 million in 1979. Ł Dacthal Š Has exhibited some postemergent control when applied as a liquid and therefore can prolong the preemergence application. Dacthal can also 
provide control of broadleaf speedwells. Ł Benefin Š Applied only as dry material; however, it is the most economical. Consideration must be given to the time the preemergent ap-plication should end. Heavy pre-ssure usually exists here to pro-long the spring application to 
allow for more treatments to be 
applied to newly acquired ac-counts. However, if the 
preemergent application ending 
date is delayed, it risks customer 
dissatisfaction from the annual grass invasion. We have prob-200 + 12 = 300 The TUFLEX manu-facturing process al-lows a five year war-ranty on all tanks. , the only manufacturer to specialize in seamless fiberglass spray tanks specifically for the pest control and lawn care industry is building a new larger version of its popular PC 200 gallon fiberglass tank. By adding 12 inches to the height of the PC 200 gallon tank it becomes the PC 300 gallon unit! While utilizing the same space, you will gain an additional 100 gallon capacity. For economy prices and more information on our complete line of tanks, write or call now: Tuflex Manufacturing Company t PO Box 13143, Port Everglades Station Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316 Phone 305/525-8815 ^ Plant Location: 800 Eller Drive, Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale Write 108 on free information card Preserve Your Copies of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY in PER/MkNENT BINDERS fir-only $5.00 Custom-made binder easily holds entire years copies of LCI magazine. Green binder with logo protects your magazines and gives your library a neat appearance. Magazines can be inserted as they are received....send check or money order to: (Add $1.25 per Binder Shipping Chg.) Allow 6-8 Weeks Delivery. LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave. Ł Cleveland, Ohio 44102 lems anyway because we extend preemergent applications beyond the published average 
crabgrass germination date when spring is cool and late results may be satisfactory. Future flexibility. The future will bring more flexibility in preemergence usage. Most thought will be given to alter-nating chemicals from year to 
year to avoid excessive ac-
cumulations, and to take advan-tage of the different attributes of each chemical. We should realize that those lawns which provide a dense turf may not require the use of 
preemergents every year. In using broadleaf herbicide applications, we all know what 
conditions are most favorable for weed control. However, our customers seem to have different ideas about when herbicides should be applied. This has come about for two reasons: (1) We have programmed the customer to expect an absolutely weed-free lawn by the literature 
we send him. (2) Lawn care companies have reinforced these expectations by trying to provide these results. Broadleaf weed killers have been applied three, four and even five times per year in at-tempts to satisfy and reinforce our customers' wants. We must 
make applications when the weeds are most susceptible. We need cool temperatures, ade-
quate soil moisture and actively growing weeds. Let's begin to look more closely at species ger-mination dates and chemical in-effectiveness during early spring and summer applications. Mid-summer applications. We have to get away from mid-
summer applications of herbi-cides when conditions are not 
favorable. However, it is going to take a uniform effort to educate 
the customer. Make him aware of why a weed is present and the complications involved in trying to treat for it in less than ideal conditions. We know what the ef-
fects of herbicide applications are on turf in stress conditions. 
Now it is time to put this knowledge to work and make 
some long overdue decisions on timing of herbicide applications. When we look at insecticide applications we should investi-gate the ''target system" of con-trolling insects. Past thinking in lawn care has been that with the 
large numbers of customers to be serviced and the limited number of visits to a single lawn each year, this type of approach was totally impractical. New infor-
mation available on insect life cycles has shown that there are 
overlapping periods when turf 
insects are susceptible to control. It may be entirely possible to ap-ply insecticides with limited 
residuals at times when the chances of controlling a large spectrum of turf-damaging in-sects is very high. In looking at the target system usage on common insect prob-
lems we find: Bluegrass billbug: Control is best-achieved when the target is the adult. Insecticides should be applied before eggs are laid. The optimum time for this control would be mid- to late-spring. Lar-vae are difficult to control because they are located in the 
stem, crown or thatch where con-tact from chemicals is less than ideal. Also, in most cases, larvae 
damage has already occurred before detection is made. Timing also influences the choice of chemicals since insecticides best for adult control may not always 
be best for larvae. Chinch bug: The chinch bug overwinters as an adult and 
begins feeding as soon as daytime temperatures reach 70 degrees F. At this point, control 
can be achieved by targeting ap-plications to this active adult. Sod webworm: The insect overwinters as a larvae. As soil temperatures increase, the lar-vae pupates in the soil to form an adult moth. Since we have no control over this winged form we must wait until eggs are laid and these eggs hatch to form small larvae. Therefore, control is targeted to young larvae that oc-cur later in the season than chinch bugs or billbugs. Knowing the life cycles of these three insects, can we expect 
a single, well-timed application of the proper amount of insecti-cide to provide control for all three? Recent research indicates this may be a solution in some areas. Other areas may not be plagued by all three insects; one 
or two may dominate. We have had a tendency to overreact to small infestations and assume an entire service area requires the same treatment. We should look for isolated areas of insect popu-lations and if possible, time ap-We have been creating virtual deserts in the lawns we are ser-vicing by the overuse of 
insecticides. plications targeted toward these areas. With most insects we are con-cerned with early-season ap-plications for control. The white grub (European chafer and Japanese beetle) poses a different problem with timing. Spring is not a desirable time to control grubs. Fall applica-tions tend to be more effective because the grub is more actively feeding. Also, since the target area for grubs is below the thatch layer, insecticides commonly used for spring insect control must be used at a higher rate, or an alternative material must be selected. The best approach here may be a curative application when the grubs are found to be actively feeding. Control at this time is easily achieved without un-necessarily applying large amounts of insecticide targeted for early preventive control. Lawn care businessmen have a tendency to overreact to small infestations of bluegrass billbugs, chinch bugs and sod webwormst and in-correctly assume an entire service area requires the same insecticide treatment. Insecticide overuse. We have been creating virtual deserts in the lawns we are servicing by the overuse of insecticides. The natural insect populations have been destroyed leaving lawns open to invasion by insects with 
well-developed resistance to in-
secticides. Therefore, we have to begin placing more emphasis on insecticide timing. An obvious side benefit of a properly timed application can 
be a reduction in material usage and therefore cost. We might be well-advised then to put more ef-fort into looking rather than ap-plying. Fertilizer applications offer another look at proper timing. Timing of nutrient applications involves much more than just programming an amount of fertil-izer to be applied over a period of time. We need to look at when to apply the largest quantities, the seasonal effects of poorly 
timed amounts of fertilizer, how 
much water insoluble nitrogen to 
apply and when to apply it. Will customer return? The source of water insoluble nitro-gen influences the correct timing of its application. Some sources (ureaformaldehyde) require mi-crobial activity, which is directly related to soil temperature for release. Others, like IBDU, re-
quire moisture for release. The fertilizer response desired should be related to the time of appliiation and the conditions ex-pected afterward. We have a uni-que situation in that we don't know if a customer will be returning the following year. What kind of timing con-siderations are we then faced with to produce a quality turf without building an expensive reserve of water insoluble nitro-gen from which we may never 
gain benefit? Rather than use large amounts of water insoluble nitrogen, we 
can use soluble fertilizers in our fertility programs if we are to page 12 To professionals who have been impressed by Touchdown Kentucky Bluegrass. The same people who brought you r'Tjpwp^'" Touchdown, now proudly introduce 
America Kentucky Bluegrass. Two great Bluegrasses for the 80's Touchdown KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS mam KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS Write 174 ort free information card 11 r* > ? Z o > 70 W z a c C/3 H pa C z PICK^HIEID) PICKSEED WEST, Inc. BOX 888, TANGENT, OREGON 97389 (503) 926-8886 ŁPLANT VARIETY PROTECTION CERTIFICATE NO 7400066 12 z 5 oc H C/3 D Q Z w o: < u z < SCHEDULING from page 11 careful in our timing not to create conditions favorable to disease in the spring or produce a stress-susceptible plant that will have used its energy reserves before summer. Maybe 
our best timed usage of larger amounts of water soluble 
nutrients can be applied as a late fall fertilization to optimize the relationship between photo-synthesis, respiration and car-bohydrate storage. Improved varieties of grasses, plus a customer insistence on an emerald green lawn year round 
present a case for larger amounts 
of fertilizer in a lawn program. Larger amounts, however, may not be the best solution to this 
problem. Better timing of the 
current amounts of fertilizer, plus an educational program that encourages customers to recycle grass clippings may provide a more agronomically sound ap-
proach. FREE Jprayer Pump ^Handbook Hypro sprayer jniiro handbook Introduction i] Qrj^i . . I 8 pages of information to help you select and use your pumps better. Graphs, charts, hook-up diagrams, how to select the right pump, nozzle data Š it's all 
here. Send for your free copy. Disease control timing. Most of the diseases we are routinely confronted with (leaf spot, dollar spot, Fusarium, stripe smut, Pythium and brown patch) re-quire proper timing for accept-able control. We can provide control through the use of either preventive or curative measures. With the use of preventive measures a history of past in-festations has provided a feeling that a recurring problem may ex-ist. In cases where such a recurr-
ing problem exists, fungicides must be applied at a time when 
adequate concentrations of the 
chemical are present when en-vironmental conditions favoring disease occur. In these cases, a 
systemic type fungicide may be best. However, it may be a waste of time and energy to provide such controls. If the disease is so predictable that a preventive is advised, probably the best long-
range solution may be to change varieties of grass in the lawn. Curative applications of contact-type fungicides re-quire precise timing when reap-
plications are required. Such timing is generally difficult with the demands of keeping up with day-to-day operations. Systemic fungicides may be used for 
curative purposes. These 
systemics may be a solution to the timing requirements needed with contacts. Granted, they are more expensive, work more slowly, and there may be a few instances of resistance, but con-sider the time required for reap-plications. Aeration and dethatching. When we look at aeration and dethatching, we also have timing considerations to evaluate. In the spring we have to contend with a preemergence barrier, but also we should consider the amount of weed invasion that is likely to 
occur from a thinned turf, es-pecially after dethatching. Soil moisture is very high in the spring and may make it dif-ficult to maintain clean, properly adjusted equipment. Excessive moisture present during core aeration can cause glazing of the core walls resulting in poor 
water penetration. Therefore, fall aeration and dethatching are encouraged. Just be sure turf refulls before winter dormancy. As with aeration and dethatching, proper timing for 
seeding also must be considered. Spring seedings generally con-flict with preemergence controls, except when Tupersan is used. Summers are usually too hot and dry for seeding. Weed invasion in properly cultivated seedbeds can present considerable prob-
lems during the summer. Fall best time to seed. If seeding is to be done in con-junction with either aeration or dethatching, the fall presents an excellent opportunity. Flexibility to apply fertilizers is best achieved then, along with more favorable conditions of water and temperature. Weed invasion 
is less in the fall and conditions 
for turf recovery are excellent. If weeds are a problem, controls can be delayed in the fall until the grass has matured. Put together all the con-siderations you feel important into a projected operation or pro-cedure to follow. This schedule Any program you put together for a mass pro-duction approach to lawn care has to contain some compromises. However, the most profitable com-anies have come up with valid compromises to oth timing and scheduling. g involves a sequence of events timed not only to produce your desired results, but also to ac-comodate the manpower, equip-ment and growing season available. This schedule should provide a program to eliminate 
problems, not just deal with the symptoms of a problem. Fertilization schedules should provide application dates that 
enhance timing considerations. 
Applications should be timed to reduce disease, increase stress tolerance, build carbohydrate reserves and enhance root and rhizome development over leaf growth. Herbicide applications should be scheduled to be applied when control is most easily achieved, and at times when the least harm will be inflicted on desirable grasses. Insecticides should be sched-uled to target more effectively on a period when the greatest spec-trum of control can be expected. Per truck quotas. Schedules should be set day, week and round quotas for each truck. This 
allows each operator an oppor-tunity to see at a glance where he stands. Well conceived and plan-ned schedules tend to eliminate confusion, keep customer ap-plication sequences the same from application to application, and year to year, overlap ap-plication periods to accomodate new sales, allow the placement of newly acquired accounts into the same sequence as the neighbors, and dictates the pro-duction requirements required per truck. Any program you put together for a mass production approach to lawn care has to contain some compromises. The most prof-itable, efficient companies have been able to come up with valid compromises to both timing and scheduling. They have also become deeply involved in fertil-
izer and pesticide management. All lawn care companies should take a closer look at what they are trying to accomplish with their programs. In the long run it appears as though com-panies who educate and retain the lawn technicians and ap-plicators, inform their customers what they are trying to a-complish and the problems in-
volved, work for the year-round betterment of turf, and present a clean, efficient image will con-tinue to grow and prosper. "When a customer asks the price of a job, don't say 'It's much more expen-sive than it was last year'!" MARKETING IDEA FILE Transit advertising will grow in the 80's With the nationwide trend towards greater utilization of public transportation, lawn care businessmen might want to look at transit advertising (buses, taxis, etc.) as a method of economically promoting their businesses. Transit advertising has long been considered the "poor sister" of the advertising industry, far behind more 
glamorous media like television, newspapers and radio. Like Rodney Dangerfield, transit advertising has traditionally got-ten "no respect." However, that may all be changing now as commuters begin to view mass transit as a viable alternative to the 
automobile. In a recent article in Advertising Age magazine, Theodore J. Gage writes, "Transit advertising has never looked better. Vinyl cards have given a crisper look to adver-tising inside buses and taxis and in subway stations and bus shelters. "More people are riding public transit and all studies show that as gas gets more expensive, more people will abandon 
their cars for public transportation. The cost per thousand for transit advertising is among the lowest of any in the advertis-
ing field and studies show the reach and frequency of transit advertising is very good." Lawn care operators may want to seriously consider adver-tising's "poor sister" in the 1980's. After all, a large percent-age of commuters are homeowners with good-sized lawns; 
just the type of people lawn care professionals want to reach. Address Town State. ISI A DIVISION OF LEAR SIEGLER. INC 319 Fifth Ave NW. St Paul. MN 55112 Ł (612) 633-9300 Write 114 on free information card Hypro Centrifugal Pumps; gear, hydraulic, belt or engine driven. High volume units for tractor or portable mounting. Š Š ŠSend for your FREEŠ Š Š Š -Hypro Sprayer Pump Handbook! Choose from a wide range of Hypro Pumps Š there's one for every job you do. SERIES 5200 Piston Pumps for high pressure washing and cleaning, for orchard sprayers. SERIES 6500 Roller Pumps, economical tractor spray unit pumps. PTO adaptors. RESEARCH from page 9 available. Alternative pest con-trol measures, such as controlled release of encapsulated pesti-cides may provide part of the answer. (7) Few people within the lawn care industry have given suf-ficient attention to the long-term effects of fertilizer and pesticide programs. Although some recognition is now given to the possible detrimental effects of continual preemergent herbicide usage, more research is re-quired. Alternative approaches to annual grass control may be needed. Other pesticides as well may be causing long-term detrimental effects. Also, con-tinual use of improper fertility 
programs which initially appear suitable could also lead to the long-term degradation of a lawn. (8) New products will continue to become available which will require evaluation. Despite the 
availability of many excellent pesticides, the pesticide industry 
recognizes the tremendous 
potential for sales within the lawn care industry. Alternative products, often economically at-tractive compared to older 
materials, will become available on a continuing basis. Also, newer type materials such as spray adjuvants, wetting agents and anti-drift agents will be in-troduced to the industry, all re-quiring substantial testing and evaluation. In summary, it is true that the lawn care industry has a huge ex-
pansion potential, however, the industry as a whole must provide high quality services and pro-grams to the homeowner. Only through research to answer some of the questions above can the lawn care industry be con-tinuously evaluated and 
upgraded. MEETINGS PGMS plans annual conference The 68th annual Grounds Man-agement Conference and Trade Show, sponsored by the Profes-sional Grounds Management Society will be held at the Plaza Hilton Inn in Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 2-6. Distinguished speakers on various aspects of grounds management, as well as work-shops will be included in the educational program. The trade show will run for two days, Nov. 3 and 4. Tours of the area, a president's reception and dinner, and an 
awards banquet will round out the activities planned for this year's conference. The Professional Grounds Management Society has re-
cently moved to new and larger offices. For further information about the conference contact: Allan Shulder, Executive Direc-tor, Professional Grounds Management Society, 7 Church 
Lane, Pikesville, MD 21208. VARIETIES Banner chewings fescue gains Canadian license A new chewings fescue turfgrass variety Š Banner Š has been awarded a Canadian license by Agriculture Canada, Plant Prod-ucts Division, Ottawa, on an ap-plication by Oseco, Inc. of 
Brampton, Ontario. Banner was developed by the New Jersey Agricultural Experi-ment Station, Rutgers University, and was released in 1975. It was 
awarded a U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Variety Protec-tion Certificate in 1977. Certified seed of Banner is being multiplied and distributed in the U.S. by E.F. Burlingham & Sons, Forest Grove, Ore. Banner is a 45 clone synthetic variety based on parental material collected from turf areas in the northeastern U.S.A. MONEYWISE Ł Before/after photos help retain customers Lawn maintenance professionals can increase customer retention by taking before and after photographs of their job sites, according to Melanie Reinhold, of William Reinhold Landscape Contractors & Engineering, Inc., Flat Rock, Mich. Speaking at an Associated Landscape Contractors Associa-tion Maintenance Symposium, Reinhold described before and after photographs as a "key advertising tool" for her com-pany. "We have a professional photographer come in twice a year to take pictures of most of our job sites," she said. Photos 
are taken before any work is done and several months after work is underway. "We use the pictures with prospective 
clients, as well as clients that we've just captured to show them what we are giving them over and above what they had before," Reinhold added. "I think the photographs confirm in the customer's mind the type of work we do." ^mmmrnvn- Ł Forget all the claims. Banvel® Herbicides give you what you really needŠ exceptional weed control, without turf damage, at a more than competitive cost per acre. Banvel 4S gives you broad control of tough weeds, while Banvel® + 2,4-D provides an even wider spectrum of 
control, but see the label for certain 
grasses susceptible to 2,4-D. Both mix readily, and are stable in storage. And, Banvel Herbicides offer special translocation properties. This means they attack the entire weed both from the roots up and the leaves down. Effective, yet economical weed controlŠ that's what Banvel Herbicides can add to your turf care program. When all is said and done, isn't that just what you need? Banvel HerbicidesŠ Tough on Weeds, Easy on Turf. Use Banvel Herbicides on your next broadleaf weed application. For more information: ©Velsicol Velsicol Chemical Corporation 341 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 Before using any pesticide read the label. Write 136 on free information card 14 Inside the industry >-oc H c/3 D D 
2 u a: < u z < 1Š3 The top 50 lawn care markets The New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) Š even though it has one of the lowest percentages of owner-occupied housing units in the country at 
36.8 percent Š has the largest number of 
single-family homes of all SMSA's in the United States. This includes single-family homes in affluent Nassau and Suffolk coun-ties on Long Island outside of New York City. The New York SMSA had more than 1.4 million owner-occupied homes in 1970, the latest year for which comprehensive hous-ing statistics are available for all of the 
SMSA's in the United States. Population for the same area, based on more up-to-date 1979 figures, is almost 12 million persons. Per household income, based on 1978 figures, is $21,461. Household income in-cludes all households, including rented 
homes, apartments, condominiums and co-operatives, but is a good indicator of general wealth of any given area in the United States. Other SMSA's in the top 10 totals of num-ber of single-family homes are: Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif., 1.18 million homes; Chicago, 1.16 million homes; Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J., 993,156 homes; Detroit, 913,267 homes; San Francisco-Oakland, 560,749 homes; Boston-Lowell-Brockton-Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass., 532,-254 homes; Pittsburgh, 514,503 homes; St. Louis, Mo.-111., 475,592 homes; and Dallas-
Fort Worth, 455,884 homes. Since 1970, some SMSA areas have been Top 10 Š Per Household Income changed by the federal government Š most notably, Dallas and Fort Worth were 
merged as were San Francisco and 
Oakland, and Nassau and Suffolk counties were divided from New York Š but for the purposes of this survey, all figures are con-sistent within areas as designated. SMSA areas are determined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. When 1980 U.S. Census figures are available for the entire country, perhaps 
early next year, it is expected a number of SMSA areas will move up in ranking order 
based on number of single-family homes 
because growth in population and con-struction. A listing of cities expected to move up in number of single-family homes would probably include: St. Louis; Dallas-Fort Worth; Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.; Houston; Minneapolis-St. Paul; Baltimore; 
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif.; Milwaukee; Atlanta; Denver-Boulder, 
Colo.; San Diego; Phoenix; San Jose; Louis-ville, Ky.-Ind.; Columbus, Ohio; New Orleans; Hartford-New Britain-Bristol, Conn.; Sacramento, Calif; San Antonio, Texas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y.; Oklahoma City, Okla.; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Memphis, Tenn.-Ark. Honolulu, Hawaii has the highest per household income for an SMSA in the United States at $29,985. Rounding out the 
top 10 in this category are the SMSA areas of Washington; New Brunswick-Perth 
Amboy-Sayreville, N.J.; Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif.; Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, Conn.; San Jose; Sacramento; Long Branch-Asbury Park, N.J.; Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura, Calif.; and Houston. Another good indicator of residential lawn care potential is the percentage of 
households that are owner-occupied. Based on 1970 U.S. Census figures, there were 11 SMSA's that had more than 75 percent Š that's three out of every four households Š owner-occupied households. These SMSA's were: Bay City, Mich., 81.3 percent; Jackson, Mich., 78.9 percent; Muskegon-Muskegon 
Heights, Mich., 78.7 percent; Saginaw, Mich., 77.8 percent; Flint, Mich., 77.8 per-
cent; Grand Rapids, Mich., 77.3 percent; South Bend, Ind., 77.3 percent; Terre Haute, Ind., 75.9 percent; Youngstown-Warren, Ohio, 75.3 percent; Lima, Ohio, 75.1 percent; and Appleton, Wis., 75.0 per-cent. It is interesting to note that the first six 
SMSA's on this list are all located in the state of Michigan. This listing of the top 50 residential lawn care markets takes into consideration only number of single-family homes in any given SMSA, not size of average lawns in the area, commercial/industrial potential for the mowing/maintenance businessman 
or number of competing lawn care com-panies already operating in any area. Most of all, it does not take into consideration the growing small-town lawn care markets that should continue to grow in the 1980's. Š Bob Earley The Top 10 Š Population Rank SMSA Per Household Income Rank SMSA Population 1 Honolulu, Hawaii $29,985 1 New York, N.Y. 11,963,600 2 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va. 28,872 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. 7,197,600 3 New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, N.J. 26,971 3 Chicago, 111. 6,989,900 3 New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, N.J. 26,971 Philadelphia, Pa. 4,741,100 4 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif. 4 Philadelphia, Pa. 4,741,100 4 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif. 26,609 5 Detroit, Mich. 4,359,300 5 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, Conn. 26,392 6 Boston-Lowell-Brockton-Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass. 3,841,800 6 San Jose, Calif. 25,821 7 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. 3,164,400 7 Sacramento, Calif. 25,801 8 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va. 2,998,100 8 Long Branch-Asbury Park, N.J. 25,332 9 Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas 2,676,300 9 Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura, Calif. 24,975 10 Houston, Texas 2,626,600 10 Houston, Texas 24,573 15 > Z n > po m Z a c en H PO C Z Cities expected to move up in single-family home rankings when 1980 Census statistics become available include: St. Louis, Dallas/Fort Worth, Washing-ion, Houston, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Baltimore, Anaheim/Santa Ana/Garden Grove, Milwaukee, Atlanta, Denver, San Diego, Phoenix, San Jose, Louis-ville, Columbus, New Orleans, Hartford, Sacramento, San Antonio, Albany, Oklahoma City, Salt Lake City and Memphis. Rank SMSA Owner occupied homes per household Population income Rank SMSA Owner occupied homes per household Population income 1 New York, N.Y. 1,427,338 11,963,600 $21,461 26 San Diego, Calif. 238,887 1,724,700 18,084 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. 1,179,943 7,197,600 17,310 27 Miami, Fla. 231,529 1,469,200 17,471 3 Chicago, 111. 1,155,097 6,989,900 21,823 28 San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario, Calif. 231,229 1,394,700 18,947 4 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. 993,156 4,741,100 20,378 28 San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario, Calif. 231,229 1,394,700 18,947 4 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. 993,156 4,741,100 20,378 29 Indianapolis, Ind. 226,909 1,146,900 20,374 5 Detroit, Mich. 913,267 4,359,300 22,251 29 Indianapolis, Ind. 226,909 1,146,900 20,374 5 Detroit, Mich. 913,267 4,359,300 22,251 30 Portland, Ore.-Wash. 221,860 1,149,800 18,978 6 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. 560,749 3,164,400 20,867 30 Portland, Ore.-Wash. 221,860 1,149,800 18,978 6 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. 560,749 3,164,400 20,867 31 Phoenix, Ariz. 200,716 1,307,600 18,153 7 Boston-Lowell-Brockton-Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass. 31 Phoenix, Ariz. 200,716 1,307,600 18,153 7 Boston-Lowell-Brockton-Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass. 532,254 3,841,800 20,459 32 San Jose, Calif. 199,360 1,216,900 25,821 8 Pittsburgh, Pa. 514,503 2,278,000 19,443 33 Rochester, N.Y. 180,627 956,300 18,652 9 St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. 475,592 2,374,600 19,776 34 Dayton, Ohio 174,780 827,700 17,907 10 Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas 455,884 2,676,300 20,364 35 Louisville, Ky.-Ind. 170,024 880,300 18,446 11 Washington, D.C.-Va.-Md. 412,973 2,998,100 28,872 36 Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. 167,595 851,000 17,962 12 Cleveland, Ohio 405,710 1,923,100 20,016 36 Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. 167,595 851,000 17,962 12 Cleveland, Ohio 405,710 1,923,100 20,016 37 Columbus, Ohio 167,104 1,079,900 20,413 13 Houston, Texas 366,762 2,626,600 24,573 37 Columbus, Ohio 167,104 1,079,900 20,413 13 Houston, Texas 366,762 2,626,600 24,573 38 New Orleans, La. 163,545 1,133,200 19,670 14 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. 363,295 2,017,500 22,538 38 New Orleans, La. 163,545 1,133,200 19,670 14 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. 363,295 2,017,500 22,538 39 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood, Fla. 161,899 904,100 18,397 15 Baltimore, Md. 363,136 2,158,000 14,965 39 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood, Fla. 161,899 904,100 18,397 15 Baltimore, Md. 363,136 2,158,000 14,965 40 Hartford-New Britain-Bristol, Conn. 16 Newark, N.J. 311,546 1,952,000 21,300 40 Hartford-New Britain-Bristol, Conn. 161,779 1,055,000 21,006 17 Seattle-Everett, Wash. 306,930 1,447,500 19,705 41 Sacramento, Calif. 157,700 955,000 25,801 18 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif. 281,825 1,826,200 26,609 42 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, Conn. 156,855 808,800 26,392 19 Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla. 275,779 1,458,100 14,286 43 San Antonio, Texas 155,817 1,028,000 18,073 20 Kansas City, Mo.-Kans. 269,014 1,286,100 20,614 44 Birmingham, Ala. 154,305 825,100 16,779 21 Buffalo, N.Y. 262,238 1,294,100 15,968 45 Toledo, Ohio-Mich. 150,454 781,500 22,290 22 Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. 262,709 1,378,200 22,895 46 Akron, Ohio 147,612 656,400 18,345 23 Milwaukee, Wis. 258,827 1,412,300 20,981 47 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y. 146,681 791,800 16,362 24 Atlanta, Ga. 246,876 1,848,000 18,687 48 Oklahoma City, Okla. 142,242 779,900 18,557 25 Denver-Boulder, Colo. 241,010 1,501,800 20,099 49 Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah 132,885 837,200 18,251 50 Memphis, Tenn.-Ark. 129,930 879,300 18,342 2 5 OC H co D D z u OC < u 2 < 16 DISCOUNTS from page! have to borrow money at 20 per-cent from a bank, you're coming out way ahead if you can get it for 10 percent from your customers/' Brandt said. On the strength of Spray-A-Lawn's trial-run discount plan, Brandt plans to implement such a plan in all the company's locations next year. Of course, saving the customer money is an added incentive for 
using such a plan because it pro-motes good customer relations. This year, Spray-A-Lawn was able to offset a 15 percent price increase to some extent, by of-ferring their customers a 10 per-
cent discount. "We had thoght about offer-ing a five percent discount and thought they wouldn't be inter-ested," Brandt said. "The way in-terest rates went this year, at 10 percent off we still didn't think they would be interested, but we were obviously proven wrong." Companies such as Spray-A-Lawn and Village Green Lawn Spraying, West Chicago, 111. offer their discount plans by way of a letter to each customer at the beginning of the season, explain-ing the service they're going to receive for the year, the cost, and 
introducing the idea of a dis-
count rate if payment is received by a certain date, according to Rick White, president of Village Green Lawn Spraying. Other companies such as Royal Lawns, Pine Brook, N.J. prefer to offer their discount on a person-to-person basis when salesmen contact prospective customers, rather than offering a general discount to all customers. Royal Lawns also dis-tributes promotional coupons en-
titling new customers to a five percent discount if they contact the company in this way. A spokesperson for Royal Lawns said that although some new customers accept the dis-
count when it is offered, they are 
a very small percentage of the total customers. "We are talking about a couple of hundred dollars. Most customers would rather make the payments than have the service at a reduction by putting down all the money at once." Don Burton, president of Lawn Medic, Inc., Bergen N.Y., feels that his customers could get bet-
ter use out of their money by tak-
ing advantage of a time payment type of plan, rather than paying 
the entire amount at one time simply to get a discount. Some of the franchise com-pany's individual dealers offer 
discounts when trying to attract new clients, but the company has 
not given the idea serious con-sideration as a general policy. "We have to settle in our own minds just what the gain is," Bur-ton said. "If we give more than five percent, its cutting too much 
into our margin. We don't see much gain. Two percent is a pos-sibility we've considered more likely." Doug Baker, executive vice president of Leisure Lawn, West Finally, An Aid For Teaching Turf grass Superintendents. Contractors. Lawn Care Managers. New. On-the-Job Reference The Turf Managers Handbook is a compre-hensive. organized approach to turfgrass science and care. It has been designed and written by leading turf specialists from Purdue. Dr. William Daniel and Dr. Ray Freeborg. for on-the-job reference and as a text for students. The book contains 150 illustrations and 96 color photographs. Data includes 240 tables and forms. Included are specifications for rootzones, employment, calculations for TU mana Hann' chemical applications, and extensive metric-imperial conversion. Business and technical aspects of turfgrass management are covered in this 424-page book. Planning, purchasing, hiring. construction, and plant selection are put together for easy on-the-job reference Markets covered include lawn care, sod production, golf course nanagement. cemeteries, athletic fields, .nd low maintenance areas. If it concerns turf, it's in the Turf Managers' Handbook. BOOK Ordering Information Please send _ _ copies of the hardback ($18 95 ea ) _ copies of the paperback ($14 95 ea ) Signature Name (Print) _ Address A shipping charge of $1 25 per book must be added A check or money order for Is enclosed Please charge to my VISA or MASTER CHARGE (circle one) account no. , expiration date City _ I understand that delivery may take six to eight weeks Quantity and bookstore rates available upon request Send to: Books Department Business Publications Division Harvest Publishing Company 9800 Detroit Ave Cleveland. OH 44102 H J Carrollton, Ohio, agrees that such discount plans are a very good way to build the revenues of cash-short firms, but questions the advantages of using such plans in all cases. He maintains that the company that offers such a discount must develop two separate price schedules, one for those customers who pre-pay at a dis-
count and one for those customers who pay in install-ments. This is especially a problem when it becomes necessary to re-fund money to those customers who cancel the company's ser-vices mid-year. "The internal procedures you have to follow to be fair to the customers are not excessive," Baker says, "But they're just one more thing that can go wrong." Š by Kathleen Milgate TOOLS,TIPS & TECHNIQUES Research you can use Turfgrass researchers from across the U.S. met in Colorado last year at the annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy to discuss their latest research. Dr. John R. Hall III of Virginia Tech recently outlined some of the papers 
delivered: In a five-year study, R.E. Schmidt and J.M. Breuninger of Virginia Tech found that recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from drought was increased as annual phosphorus fertiliza-tion rates increased from zero to three pounds per 1,000 square feet in the presence of a high nitrogen fertilization program (six pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet per 
year). Best summer drought recovery was obtained when the majority of nitrogen was fall-applied. Poorest recovery oc-curred when the nitrogen was spring-applied. Increasing 
phosphorus and potassium availability generally enhanced recovery. Dr. Hall's comments: "Fall fertilization works. Maintain adequate phosphorus and potassium levels. Avoid excessive nitrogen stimulation of turf in the spring." Texas A & M University's A. and J.B. Beard said experi-ments with tall fescue suggest that relationships between ni-
trogen and carbohydrate content (stored food) are generally similar to those that have been reported in Kentucky blue-
grass. As nitrogen application rates increased from 1.4 pounds per 1,000 square feet a year to 5.9 pounds of nitrogen 
per 1,000 square feet per year, carbohydrate content 
decreased. Carbohydrate content was highest in February (17 percent) and lowest in April (five percent) during peak shoot growth. The density of tall fescue decreased 66 percent from February to September and climbed back to 49 percent of the February density by November. Dr. Hall's comments: "Excessive nitrogen stimulation of tall fescue will result in reduced stored food reserves." Experiments were conducted by J.H. Dunn and P.M. Halisky of the University of Missouri investigating the effect of fertilization and mechanical treatments on thatch ac-
cumulation and quality of Meyer zoysiagrass. The seven-year 
study developed an average thatch depth of 1.8 inches over all treatments. Plots mowed at 3/4-inch mowing height had 33 percent less thatch than those plots mowed at 1-1/2 inches. In-creasing nitrogen levels from two pounds of nitrogen per 1,-000 square feet per year to six pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet per year resulted in small increases in thatch ac-cumulation. There was no difference in rates of thatch build-up between the three nitrogen sources tested, urea-
formaldehyde, IBDU and urea. Winter injury was most severe at the higher mowing height (1-1/2 inches). Dr. Hall's comments: "In maintaining zoysiagrass, utilize low nitrogen levels and low mowing heights and couple these 
with annual thatch removal for best turf quality." The fate of nitrogen applied to turfgrass was examined in a three-year study conducted by J.L. Starr and H.C. DeRoo at 
the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. Radio-active nitrogen was applied in the third year of the study in the form of ammonium sulfate. During the first two years of the study, nitrogen was supplied from a 10-6-4 formulation containing 50 percent organic nitrogen. At the end of the third year it was observed that the nitrogen in the clippings was 
coming equally from soil organic nitrogen, applied fertilizer nitrogen and from the three years of clippings nitrogen returned to the soil. About one-third of the nitrogen being provided by the clippings came from the most recent years' fertilization. Dr. Hall's comments: "Considerable nitrogen is made available from clippings. Lawn service companies may need to have separate fertilization programs for homeowners that collect the clippings." Eight good reasons to join the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. l. "An annual national lawn care convention for the professional exchange of new ideas and operating know-how, and a chance to meet with suppliers." Rick White, Village Green Lawn Spraying, West Chicago, III. "Consumer education ... informing potential customers of the advantages of lawn care and 
the importance of putting the proper care of lawns into the hands of dedicated, trained, skilled professionals." Tom Brune, Atwood Lawn Spray, Sterling Heights, Mich. 3. "Conferences, clinics and workshops aimed at continuing management education for today's business climate and conditions relating to the lawn care industry." Jim Kelly, Keystone Lawn Spray, Wayne, Pa. 4. 5. "Specially designed training programs for sales, service and supervisory employes of member firms to teach the fundamentals of business, customer relations, lawn care technology and the importance of economics to business success." Gordon Ober, Davey Lawnscape Service, Kent, Ohio "Government relations ... PLCAA, as a spokesman for the entire industry, can present our interests with greater force and effectiveness than can an individual company. Government legislation is going to affect our 
industry more and more, and we have to make 
our needs known." Ronnie Zwiebel, Chem-Care Lawn Service, Birmingham, Ala. "Establishment of acceptable technical, ethical 
and safety standards to guide existing lawn care businesses and newcomers to the industry." Dr. Paul Schnare, Atkins Lawn Care, Columbia, Mo. 7 "Association funding for the specific research and development we need for the lawn care industry." Frank Stevens, Pro-Lawn-Plus, Baltimore, Md. "Surveys to enable each PLCAA member company to compare its performance against the average performance of all member companies and to compare business performance factors, such as sales volume, profit, investment and growth." 
Marty Erbaugh, Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, 
Ohio These are only some of the things the lawn care industry as a whole can accomplish through the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. Ours is a young industry, we need to be recognized as professionals and the experts we are. We need to get the word out about the lawn care industry to potential customers, suppliers to the industry and to government at the local, state and federal level. We can't do it alone. We need the support of the entire lawn care industry if we are to realize our goals. Tell me more. The Professional Lawn Care Association is off and running. Together we can make things happen. Grow with PLCAA. Complete this application for further 
information and mail it today. NAME COMPANY. STREET Š CITY TITLE--STATE. _ZIP_ Mail to: PLCAA Suite 1717 435 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL 60611 18 SAFETY z D DC H CO D Q Z w QÜ < u z < What would you do in the event of a chemical spill? One of your technicians is driv-ing an 800-gallon spray rig through a busy residential neigh-borhood. As he approaches an intersection, a child suddenly bolts in front of the truck, forcing him to cut the wheel so sharply that the truck rolls over. The vehicle's polyethylene tank is pierced as it strikes the pave-ment and toxic chemicals begin to pour out onto the street. What immediate action can be taken to reduce the seriousness of this potentially damaging en-
vironmental problem? Winand Hock, extension pesticide spe-
cialist with the Penn State Uni-versity Department of Plant Pathology, has some suggestions. Speaking at the recent Penn-gallon spray tank. Most damaged small con-tainers (up to 55 gallons) can be placed in larger "overpack" receptacles and properly dis-posed of. However, overturned spray rigs and other serious chemical spills require more ex-tensive measures. The first step in dealing with a serious chemical spill is to con-tact the state or local police. 
"You've got to have some type of 
law enforcement," Hock said, "particularly if your on a public highway." Further, if the material is an agricultural chemical, the regional office of the Department of Agriculture in your state should be contacted. In extreme cases it may also be Because many chemicals are petroleum-based, flares should never be used to isolate a spill site. "If you stick a flare out there, you'll liable to have the whole place go up in flames," Winand Hock, extension pesticide specialist with the Penn State University Department of Plant Pathology, said. sylvania Turfgrass Conference in Hershey, Pa., Hock said, "The correct or suggested guidelines to follow in the event of a haz-ardous chemical spill are in-cluded under the so-called three 
C's. You must control the spill, 
you must contain it, and you must clean it up." Controlling the spill. Immediately after an accident has occured, steps should be taken to contain the flow of toxic chemicals, regardless of whether it is coming from a 25-gallon can of insecticide or an 800 necessary to contact your local fire department. However, Hock warns against washing down the contaminated area with water from fire hoses. "One of the 
worst things that can happen is to 
wash that hazardous material into a waterway (streams, sewers, etc.)," he said. If a chemical should con-taminate a waterway, three agencies should immediately be contacted: the state Department of Environmental Resources, 
state Department of Agriculture, and the State Fish Commission. SUBSCRIBE w TODAY! If you're one of our thousands of 'pass along' readers, consider ordering your own personal subscription ... Begin building your personal reference library of valuable technical and professional information today! rŠ J Name . Title Company Mame_ Address Ł 1 yr. $12.00 Ł 2 yrs. $20.00 Bill me Payment enclosed ŁForeign prices slightly higher Zip-I I City _ J State IBusiness/Industry Description: (Such as lawn service, cemetery, PCO, etc.) Send to: Rosalie Slusher/Circulation Manager I WWN GIRE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102 Spills consisting of wettable powders or granular materials can be con-trolled by lightly misting the affected area with water. Misting inhibits drift and reduces the chances of the chemical further contaminating the environment. Downstream users of the water-way should also be notified as 
soon as possible. After contacting the appro-priate state and local officials, the next step is to isolate the area. The spill site should be roped off to keep the public at 
least 30 feet away from the con-taminated area. It may also be necessary to evacuate people 
downwind from the site of the accident. Further, because many pesti-cides are petroleum-based, 
flares should never be used to isolate an area. "If you stick a 
flare out there, you'll liable to 
have the whole place go up in flames," Hock said. Containing the spill. "Liquid spills can be contained by spreading absorbent material 
such as fine sand, vermiculite, or sawdust," Hock said. Every day kittly litter is also an affective 
absorbing agent. However, Hock warned that sawdust and other types of sweeping compounds can be dangerous if not used properly. "That type of combination: a strong oxidizing agent and 
sweeping compounds, present a possible combustible situation," he said. Other forms of chemical spills (wettable powders, granular materials, etc.) can be controlled by lightly misting the affected area. Misting inhibits drift and 
reduces the chances of the chemical further contaminating the environment. Clean up. After applying, removing, and disposing of the absorbent material, the next step is to clean up the affected area. Hock suggests working a com-bination of hydrated lime and straight bleach into the area with a coarse broom. "Remember, the cleaning solution becomes con-taminated by the scrubbing so it should also be swepped up, placed in a bag, and disposed 
of," he said. "It may be necessary to repeat this particular procedure three, four, or maybe half a dozen times until you are satisfied that 
the area is cleaned," Hock added. Ideally, the top two to three inches of soil should also be stripped and replaced with fresh topsoil. "That's about the only 
thing that will affectively remove the spill spill," he said. Regarding misapplications or less serious spills, Hock said ac-tivated charcoal will affectively decontaminate an area. "The 
charcoal may actually absorb or tie up enough chemical to avoid significant injury and longterm contamination," he said. "But 
you must do this immediatedly after the spill or misapplication has occurred. You can't wait." The final step in the overall clean-up operation concerns decontaminating vehicles and equipment used in cleaning up the spill. Hock suggests using a li-quid bleach or alkaline detergent. "During the clean-up process if you have any type of porus material such as brooms, dis-Liquid spills can be contained by spreading absorbant materials like fine sana and vermiculite on the site, according to Winand Hock, exten-sion pesticide specialist with Penn State University. posable garments, hats, or leather boots . . . the suggestion is to get rid of them," he added. "You cannot affectively decon-taminate a porus item." Industry cooperation. The chemical industry has developed an emergency response system to 
protect the public and to assist public agencies in handling serious chemical spills. "The Pesticide Safety Team Network (PSTM) of the National Agricul-tural Chemicals Association represents a joint effort of technically qualified manufac-turers who respond to emergency situations where the accidental release of a pesticide or some other hazardous material has occurred," Hock said. Their 24-hour, toll free phone number is 800-424-9300. It's a phone number every lawn care businessman should have prominently displayed some-where in their shop. NEGATIVE OPTION from page! properties to be serviced in an orderly manner, since the com-pany already has a fairly firm idea of who its customers are. "The challenge from our in-dustry's standpoint is to support the use of the negative option ap-proach, but to go through a set of procedures that best inform the consumer of our intention to keep coming back." Erbaugh's recommended procedures are as follows: Ł All promotional materials should contain bold-faced reference to the intended use of the procedure. Ł At the time of sale, the customer should again be 
notified of the use of the pro-
cedure. Ł At the time of the fall treat-ment, written notice should be given to the consumer of the company's intention to return and exact price information. Ł Prior to the spring treatment a letter should be sent to all customers notifying them of the intent to return and exact price information. Ł All customer materials should notify the customer of his right to cancel at any time. Ł The company should have a policy of resolving any disputes over this in the favor of the customer. "If all these things are done, it's difficult to make the case for consumer abuse," says Erbaugh. Indeed, he feels that he has con-vinced the Better Business Bureau of the need for such a negative option plan in the lawn 
care industry. Establishing and promoting ethical business standards in the 
lawn care industry was one of the main ideas behind the formation of the Professional 
Lawn Care Association of America (PLCAA), of which Er-baugh is a founding member. His 
hope is that the principles set forth in the PLCAA Code of 
Ethics will encourage individual lawn care businessmen to adopt policies like those mentioned 
earlier, making them industry standards. At this point in time, Erbaugh doesn't see the negative option issue as becoming a legal one, both because of the small amount of money involved, and 
because the lawn care com-panies are operating on the basis 
of an oral contract rather than a written one. "It's a valid oral contract," Er-baugh explains, "but the issue would be whether both parties of the contract were aware of the terms. And if the company fol-lows the procedures which I've outlined, the consumer would have a hard time making the case that he was not made aware of the contract." Still, this is not to suggest that there is no chance of the negative option issue ever reaching the 
courts. If there was enough momentum, the state legislature could propose to ban negative 
option sales altogether, Erbaugh stated. "But they would have to make it apply to a lot of com-
panies other than lawn care com-
panies, because we're not the 
only ones involved with negative 
option selling." -Kathleen Milgate EDUCATION Virginia Tech's Dr. Shoulders retires John F. Shoulders, professor of 
agronomy and extension turf specialist at Virginia Tech, has retired from the university after 28 years of service. Shoulders became Virginia Tech's first employee in the specialized Extension endeavor of pastures and forages in 1952, after serving for six years as a 
county agent in West Virginia. While employed as a forage specialist, Shoulders began to develop educational programs in turfgrass management. His strong turf program resulted in the creation of a full-time Exten-sion turf position, which he filled in 1966. Shoulders holds a B.S. degree in agriculture from West Virginia State, as well as a master's degree in agronomy from Penn-19 r* > ? Z n > sO m z a c CD H 23 M-John F. Shoulders (left], extension turf specialist at Virginia Tech, recently announced his retirement after 28 years of service to the university. Here he is seen with former Virginia Turfgrass Council president Gus C. Constantino (center) and Virginia Tech professor of agronomy Roy E. Blaser. a z sylvania State University. A charter member of the Inter-national Turfgrass Society, he is also a member of the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Virginia Soil Fer-tility Association and the Virginia Extension Service Asso-ciation. His highest honor came 
in 1977, when he was named a fellow in the American Society of Agronomy. The turfgrass authority plans to remain in Blacksburg and 
maintain an interest in turf pro-grams. DISEASES OF SHADE TREES by Terry Tattar Because shade trees require specialized maintenance rarely used in the forest, this text seeks to aid the arborist in providing necessary care to maintain vigor and prevent shade tree diseases. An indepth look at infectious and non-infectious tree diseases. Plant pathology not necessary. $22.00 tirf irrigation manual TURF IRRIGATION MANUAL by James Watkins A guidebook for engineers, architects, designers and contractors. Keeps pace with the latest developments in turf and landscape irrigation. Specific chapters devoted to rotary sprinkler design systems, golf course design systems and expanded engineering and reference material. $19.50 HOME LANDSCAPE by Garrett Eckbo Provides designs, examples and current innovations and refinements to older traditional designs. Covers all aspects of residential landscape planning. $16.00 THE GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT by John W. Mastalerz Covers principles and practices of greenhouse flower crop production, emphasizing response of flower crops to 
greenhouse environmental factors. CJeneral TREE IDENTIFICATION by George Symonds Pictorial reference to identifying trees by checking leaves, buds, branches, fruit and bark. Like its sister publication, Shrub Identification, popular and botanical names vith index tabs for easy reference. THE TRU IDENTinCAHON BOOK Ł listed i $8.00 paperback MODERN WEED CONTROL by Alden S. Crafts Deals exhaustively with the botany, chemistry, plant physiology and ecology involved in modern weed control technology. Contains lists and classifications of herbicides and an abundance of illustrative material that will help the reader visualize the varied aspects and forms of weed control. $16.00 coverage of factors determining these conditions with illustrations. $20.00 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE by Henry D. Foth Sixth edition. Contains the most useful knowledge about soil science. Covers important national and international issues sucn as soil resource conservation, land use, environmental auality and food production. $20.00 HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE by Jules Janick Third edition. 15 chapters covering the biology and technology of horticulture. Includes illustrations and graphs. $20.00 SOIL & SOIL MANAGEMENT by Charles D. Sopher and Jack V. Baird An introductory text presents a comprehensive coverage of major soil concepts. Highlights include exercises in calculating crop needs under varying soils and temperature conditions, case histories and appendices and bibliographies for readers interested in additional information. $14.00 WYMAN'S GARDENING ENCYCLOPEDIA by Donald Wyman A classic reference on all aspects of gardening. Offers advice on planting and maintenance, information on new plants, cultivation, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Contains 10,000 articles, 206 drawings, 170 photographs and a color hardiness zone map. $25.00 liîTJI fr DISEASES & PESTS OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS by Pascal Pirone This standard reference discusses diagnosis and treatment of diseases and organisms 
affecting nearly 500 varieties of ornamental plants grown outdoors, under glass or in the home. Easy to understand explanations of when and how to use the most effective 
fungicides, insecticides and other control 
methods. $20.00 TREE MAINTENANCE Pascal Prione The fourth edition of this guide for anyone involved in the care and treatment of trees. Special sections on tree abnormalities, diagnosing tree troubles, non-parasitic injuries and assessing the suitability of different trees to throughout the country. $25.00 Mail to: Book Dept. Harvest Business Publications 9800 Detroit Avenue. Cleveland, OH 44102 Master Card or Visa (Circle one) Acct. No Name Address City . State--Zip_ Expiration Date-Signature Please send the following books. I have enclosed a check or authorized a charge for the total amount. Title Quantity Price Total Price Add $1.25 per book for handling and shipping. Total enclosed c* « O O A c* « O O A 20 z 5 PRODUCTS >« OC H 
c/3 
D D 
Z w oc u 16-horsepower tractor | with hydrostatic drive Speedex Tractor Company's Model 1622 hydrostatic tractor features a 16-horsepower Briggs & Stratton cast iron, electric start engine, dual range (hi-low) transmission, accelerator-like pedal, foot brake, full hydraulics and head lights. The tractor also 
accommodates a 48-inch mower 
deck that adjusts to cutting height 
hydraulically. Write 702 on reader service card Turf seeds featured in 20-page catalog A free product guide featuring quality turf seeds is available 
from Seaboard Seed Company. 
Seeds described in the 20-page brochure include six varieties of 
fine fescues, 15 varieties of Ken-tucky bluegrasses, four varieties of bentgrasses and six varieties 
of fine textured perennial rye-grasses. A number of mis-cellaneous items are also featured including red top, poa trivialis, white clover and crownvetch. Write 700 on reader service card Edger attachment for Excel Hustler mowers A new side-mounted edger which easily attaches to Excel Hustler mowers saves hours of trimming time in maintaining turf and grounds. The edger con-sists of a single concave coulter with depth-stop hub, mounted on parallel arms. The cutting edge hugs sidewalk or curb, making a narrow, clean cut. The disc can move a full four inches side to side, to remain parallel for cut-ting. It works at any of four angles by repositioning a pair of clevis pins. The cutting blade runs alongside the tractor's left drive wheel, at ideal viewing position for the operator. Thus, an experi-enced operator can often mow 
and edge at the same time, and if the mower is equipped with a grass catcher/compactor, run it back over the trimmed edge to 
pick up clippings. Hydraulics lower the edger into working position where it becomes ground-driven without 
auxiliary power as the tractor moves. Constant abrasion against concrete self sharpens the disc. Further, a fingertip touch ac-tivates the hydraulics that con-
trol the depth of cut. Write 703 on reader service card New Rotary mower Gravely offers a new 60-inch cut commercial quality mower attachment for its 16 to 19 h.p. grounds maintenance tractors. The new mower, which is quickly attached to the tractor using no special tools, provides 
a clean, even five-foot cut 
over most terrain, because it is equipped with adjustable anti-scalp caster wheels in front and anti-scalp rollers in the center of both front and rear, plus gauge wheels in the rear. All-gear-drive from tractor to mower gear 
box gives efficient transmission 
of power. The manufacturer claims easy belt adjustment on the heavy-duty drive belts from gear box to the three, one-inch diameter spindles and easy height adjust-ment from one and five-eighths to four and five-eighths inches. The drive shaft, wheels and spin-dles are readily accessible for easy lubrication, with no disas-sembly or removal of parts required. Write 904 on reader service card Wetting agent produces deep-rooted turfgrass Dew Down Xtra, a biodegradable organic wetting agent, allows water to penetrate the soil faster 
and deeper, thus encouraging greater grass root depth and healthier turf. With deeper 
water penetration, water evap-
orates at a slower rate and the soil stays moist for a longer period of time. This same feature is valuable when applying fungicides. 
Generally, Dew Down Xtra is added to the fungicide spray, providing more even distribu-
tion of the turf plants. This allows the application of a lighter spray, covering more 
acres without reducing the effec-tiveness of the fungicide. Write 210 on free information card Trailer tilts for easy loading and unloading Riding mowers and other lawn care equipment can be easily transported from site to site with a heavy-duty, low bed trailer from Magline Inc. The trailer mechanically tilts to ground level for easy loading and unloading. An easy-to-operate screwjack at the hitch end of the trailer me-chanically lowers the rear of the trailer bed to loading position, and then returns the trailer body to towing position when the load is aboard. Further, a self-adjusting tailgate ramp provides a smooth, gradual incline for easy access and fast "roll-on" loading. Four basic models are available, ranging in load capacity from 3,-000 pounds to 7,000 pounds. Two bed sizes are also offered: 70 inches wide by 10 feet long and 70 inches wide by 12 feet long. Op-tional equipment includes electric brakes (surge hydraulic brakes are standard), cargo restraint systems, steel rack slides, lunette eye 
coupler, and winch and stand. Write 705 on reader service card Chelated nitrogen-iron liquid fertilizer The Agricultural Group of Allied Chemical Corp. introduces NFE, a new chelated nitrogen-iron liq-uid fertilizer, to join its growing line of liquid micronutrient 
products which includes NZN 
nitrogen-zinc and NMG nitro-gen-magnesium fertilizers. According to product manager John Magliocco, NFE has definite application in addressing deficiency problems I in the lawn care market, in addition to its significant cost ad-vantages over existing iron prod-ucts. The manufacturer claims that NFE, which has an analysis of 16 percent nitrogen and four per-cent iron, is more effective than iron sulfate, yet less expensive than other chelated iron prod-ucts which are applied directly 
to the soil. The new fertilizer is available nationwide in bulk and five-gallon plastic pails to Allied dis-tributors and dealers. Write 905 on reader service card Attachment items for riding mower A quick disconnect of the mower decks of these riding mowers manufactured by the Grass-hopper Co., enables easy attach-ment of items such as a 48-inch dozer blade, adjustable to bi-
directional angles; a snow-thrower with 12-inch auger and 
rotating discharge chute; and a 
rotary broom with protective cover. The attachments fit both the 12 and 16 h.p. models having either 44-inch, 52-inch or 61-inch 
mower decks. The mowers feature a vacuum grasscatcher which conveys clip-pings to a self-contained rear 
mounted collection hopper by 
way of a fan assembly powered by the mower deck, rather than 
by an additional engine. Dual 
hydrostatic drives power each 
wheel independently, providing maneuverability that saves both 
labor and fuel. Write 902 on reader service card Bluegrass retains rich year-round color A bluegrass for all seasons is Ram I, Lofts Pedigreed Seed's newest Kentucky bluegrass variety, which combines shade tolerance with outstanding year-round dark green color, and has consistently shown good turf per-formance in trials conducted at various universities. Ram I did particularly well in a shade trial where it scored above Glade and Nugget which are both standards for shade tolerance. It offers excellent resistance to powdery mildew, a disease which affects plants in shade situations, and has dis-played good resistance to stripe smut, leaf spot, stem and leaf rust. The bluegrass retains its rich green color well into the winter, is among the first to ex-hibit green up in the spring, and 
holds its color even during sum-mer drought stress. Write 906 on reader service card Tree wrap protects new trees General Bandages, Inc. offers 
Guard-Tex Tree Wrap, an easy-to-use, self-adhering tape to pro-tect newly planted trees from 
freezing temperatures, sun scald and windburn, as well as gnaw-ing animals and insects. The wrap weathers well, becoming 
stiff as buckram, but it allows the tree to breathe, leaves no gummy residue and has a distinctive odor which repels rodents and gnawing animals. Also useful in grafting opera-tions as well as for training climbing roses, vining plants and espaliered trees and shrubs, the wrap is available in packages 30 yards long and 12 inches wide, cut into three-inch widths for tree wrapping and smaller widths for other nursery uses. Write 901 on reader service card Soil meter shows soluble salts level Advanced Marketing, Inc. in-troduces a meter that, in a five-second test tells the user if the soluble salts in the soil exist at a "SAFE" or "DANGER" level. Salt build-up, if not detected, will kill any plant. The soil salts meter is permanently calibrated and requires no batteries. Sim-ple directions tell how to correct imbalance. Write 900 on reader service card New grass seed mixture builds turf From O. M. Scott & Sons comes ProTurf Utility Mixture, a new grass seed product designed for areas that need quick establish-ment, wear tolerance and grass coverage throughout the year. A combination of Scotts performance-proven Victa Ken-tucky bluegrass, their exclusive perennial ryegrass, creeping red fescue and two other perennial ryegrasses, ProTurf Utility Mix-ture is especially suited for general landscape and utility areas, and places where the soil must be stabilized against ero-sion. All grasses are perennial and persist well under various con-ditions and soil types where es-tablishing turf is normally dif-
ficult. The mixture is said to have good season-long color, with early spring green-up and late fall color retention. It is particu-
larly well adapted to areas where cool season grasses are grown. Write 903 on free information card New pruner is compact, lightweight The Model P7T pruner from Wallace Mfg. Corp. is seven inches long and weighs only 7-V2 7T-"i T í¿ I-*.. 13r _ __ Sm J mower attachment has two staggered blades to he-p prevent streaking on sharp turns and trims on both sides(Ila024 Write 801 on free information card Liquid N fertilizer offers 83.3% slow-, 16.7% fast-release Nitro-26 from C.P. Chemical Co., Inc. is a specially formulated short-chain ureaformaldehyde. It is composed of methylene ureas which provide precise release of nitrogen for turf growth; 16.7 percent fast-release which provides immediate results in turf growth and color. It is available in both a con-centrated form and diluted form for immediate use. It is totally miscible in water when in con-
centrated form so that completed mixing can be achieved and ad-justed according to soil and 
seasonal requirements. There is approximately three pounds of 
available nitrogen per gallon, the 
company said. The analysis is as follows: 26 percent total nitrogen, 83.3 per-cent slow-release nitrogen, 16.7 percent fast-release nitrogen. Specially compounded prod-ucts can be made upon request so that a balanced formulation of N-P-K can be provided. 
Materials are available in both 
bulk and drummed quantities. This is to assist the lawn care businessman in providing con-venient quantities of materials depending upon needs. Clare H. Reinbergen of C.P. Chemical Co., Inc. told LAWN CARE INDUSTRY: "It has taken us a little longer than anticipated to complete the research and development on our liquid fertil-izer. We have had excellent results and have now arrived at a stable material with the neces-sary characteristics needed for a slow-release liquid fertilizer. "The liquid fertilizer market is new to us, however, our technology for resin manufac-
turing extends over a period of eight years and is geared specifically to the field of ureaformaldehyde resins. "We are extremely excited in entering into this market and feel that our prior experience with resin materials shall provide good quality control and con-sistent material for the lawn care industry. We do expect in the 
near future to also provide pumps and spray equipment es-
pecially designed for the ap-
plication of Nitro-26. Write 802 on free information card High-limb chain saw Easily cut down branches and limbs up to 30 feet and higher while standing safely on the ground. Chain blade with two-way cutting action is attached to two 25-foot control lines. Simply throw the safety weight over the 
tree branch. The blade auto-
matically flips right side up and is ready to begin cutting. Pull 
alternately on each control line; the saw will undercut bark to avoid "peel-back." Introduced by Green Mountain Products, Inc. Write 803 on free information card ounces. It offers the cutting power of larger, heavier pruners yet is easy and far less tiresome to use. Blade is precision, hollow-ground and coated with Teflon-S for self-lubricating, smoother 
operation. Handles are con-toured; one is chrome-plated and the other is fitted with a cushioned grip. Suggested price 
is $4.99. Write 800 on free information card New Gravely brochure A new, free, four-color brochure showing a new 40-inch rotary mower attachment for Gravely 
two-wheel tractors is available from the manufacturer. The WHAT S RED, MOWS 40 AND TRIMS ON BOTH SIDES? Mulcher crushes, harrows and conditions soil "Pulva-Mulcher," from Brillion Iron Works, crushes, harrows and conditions soil in one pass, producing a clodfree seedbed which is firm, but not compacted. Ideal for grounds maintenance personnel, the 88-inch unit is available with 16 1/4-inch notched rollers (shown above) that form pockets to trap moisture, or 16 1/2-inch crowfoot rollers that leave a slightly more open seedbed. Features include rugged roller axles made of four-inch pipe, separate depth lever controls for each of the two rows of spring teeth, single transport wheels with 15-inch rims (tires not included) and an exclusive truss frame which adds extra strength. A number of options are also available including land levelers to knock down large clods and level off rough spots, replaceable tooth points for spring teeth, a front scraper kit and hydraulic tooth con-trol that converts manually operated spring teeth to hydraulic control. Write 136 on free information card 22 BEHIND THIS ISSUE 2 5 >« oc H c/3 D Q Z DQ a: < u z < J Earley, Milgate and Moreland As the lawn care industry as a whole grows, so does the staff of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. Our newest addition is Kathy Milgate (she's the one in the middle in the picture above, in case you didn't already figure that out). She comes to us from Ohio Uni-versity, where she majored in magazine journalism. You'll note her byline on two news stories in this issue, both beginning on the front page. First, she took a look at the potential problems the lawn care industry could face in the future if groups like the Better Business Bureau and state regulatory agen-cies decide to get involved in the "negative 
option" method lawn care businessmen 
employ to retain customers. Second, she interviewed a number of lawn care businessmen across the country on how they utilized early-season pre-payment customer discounts to get their cash flow going and perhaps save a trip to the bank for money for spring advertising 
programs and needed equipment pur-
chases. Next month she'll be handling a story for our monthly "Inside the Industry" feature with a working title at this point of "What To Do When Slow Pay Becomes No Pay." She joins assistant editor Dan Moreland on the staff of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. Dan has spoken at numerous industry events, including the Virginia Turfgrass 
Conference and the Pennsylvania Turf-
grass Conference, both held earlier this year. In addition, he has also become our in-house expert on mowing/maintenance, lawn care franchising and lawn care adver-tising. He also handles most of the layouts 
for the magazine each month. With the addition of Kathy to the editorial staff, my duties have changed a bit too. I still will be handling chief editor duties, but I'm also now in charge of marketing and sales for the magazine for the entire country, with the exception of the Northwest, where Bob Mierow will continue to service accounts out of his Seat-tle office. I'll be working even more closely with marketing staffs of most major manufac-turers and suppliers of equipment, chemicals and other materials to the lawn care industry. Speaking of equipment and chemicals, our annual "Profile of the Lawn Care In-dustry" Š which charts annual purchasing decisions of lawn care businessmen along with other information Š is having the finishing touches put on it by our market research manager Clarence Arnold, and should be ready by the time you have this magazine in your hands. One last thing I have to mention. Mark your calendars now to participate in the first annual conference and trade show sponsored by the Professional Lawn Care Association of America Nov. 12-14 in Louis-
ville, Ky. Dan, Kathy and I will be there, and we look forward to meeting you. CLASSIFIED CLASSIFIED CLOSING DATES: August issue closes July 10 September issue closes August 14 October issue closes September 15 November issue closes October 13 
December issue closes November 6 When answering ads where box number only is given, please address as follows: Box number, % LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY. Dorothy Lowe, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. Rates: 35c a word for line ads. Box num-bers add $1 for mailing. All classified ads must be accompanied by cash or money order covering full payment. Mail ad copy to Dorothy Lowe, LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, Box 6951, Cleveland, 
Ohio 44101. FOR SALE OLIVE TREES. Wholesale prices, must clear property. Different sizes. Available in small or large quanti-ties. Call 415 796-3784. LAWN FERTILIZER BUSINESS for sale, located in south Texas. 79 vol. 
100K + . Excellent potential, serious inquiries only. PGL, 1110 Basse Road, San Antonio, Texas 78212. 512 732-4982. LANDSCAPE CO., established 1970 Š Includes excellent reputation, tools, trucks, equipment, year round business, selling due to health & other commitments. Grossing over $200,000.00. Please mail all inquiries: Robert A. Nolet, Sr., A-l Tree & Landscape Co., 50 Flushing Pond Rd., 
Westford, Mass. 01886. 617 692-7825, evenings 5-10. Owner will finance. SPRAYERSŠFACTORY DIRECT, professional gardeners, turf ap-plicators, proven dependability, unconditionally guaranteed. Black River Sprayers, Box 824, Andrews, S.C. 29510. MISCELLANEOUS KELWAY SOIL pH TESTER, used by professionals everywhere. Direct reading, longlasting, portable, lightweight, no power source. Model HB-2 reads moisture too. Available through local distributors or contact Kel Instruments Co., Inc., Dept. L, P.O. Box 1869, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 201 471-3954. USED EQUIPMENT NOTICE TO LAWN-A-MAT DEALERS: Tractors, trailers & com-bines for sale. Very good con-ditionŠMake an offer. Jerry Amstutz, 918 N. Main St., Orrville, OH 44557. 216 682-8866. FOR SALE: 1978 Ford 350 completely equipped, steel tank, pump, Hannay electric reel, hose, etc. Complete unit, excellent condition, ready for 
immediate use. Phone 301 694-6006. LELY TURF SHAPER, $4,200.00. Rogers seeder, 3 point hitch, $2,-300.00, minimal use, excellent con-dition. R2, Box 235, Danville, Indiana 46122. 317 745-6226. FOR SALE: 1969 Ford F600. 1200 gallon liquid chemical tank with agitation Meyers pump, Briges motor, electric reel hose, etc. Ready for immediate use. $5,000.00. 913 681-2667, Stilwell, Kansas. 1973 INTERNATIONAL lVi ton, 1000 gallon tank, Myers Multistage pump, nose and reel. $7000.1972 Ford 3A ton pickup, 250 gallon tank, 3 hp. Briggs & Stratton, hose and reel, $800. 1969 Ford 2 ton, 1200 gallon tank, Viking pump, needs work. $2000. Call 217 865-2473 Boody, Illinois. MUST SELLŠ1979 750 gallon spray truck, compartmentalize tank, 100 G.P.M. pump, electric hose reel, like new, $12,000.00 or assume lease. Phone 216 951-5295. TANK TRUCK SPRAYER Š Big custom built 1800 gallon all stainless insulated lifetime tank, w/60 G.P.M. Bean (F.M.C.) high pressure pump and engine on fine heavy duty C 750 Ford w/air brakes, can double as water tanker or sprayer, only one of its kind. 513 424-2052. HELP WANTED ADVERTISING SALES POSITION AVAILABLE with a growing specialty agri. magazine, Chicago territory. Requires individual with 1 
to 2 years chemical and equipment sales experience in the agri. or specialty agri. market at the dis-tributors level. Ad. space sales ex-
perience desirable but not required. Salary plus commission, all ex-penses, a strong benefit program and 
plenty of room to advance. Reply to 
Box 20, Lawn Care, Box 6951, 
Cleveland, Ohio 44101. WANTED TO BUY WANTED TO PURCHASE, granular lawn care companies in Midwest 
and South serving primarily residen-tial accounts, present management may stay, principals only, confiden-tial replys to Box 18, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. ACQUISITIONS WANTED: Lawn service company seeking growth through acquisition. Seekine firms servicing between 400 ana 1,500 customers. Team up with experi-
ence. Key people retained. Smooth transition. Flexible. Write Box 19, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. ADVERTISERS INDEX Ashland Chemical 7 Dow Chemical 2,3 Hypro 12 Lawn Care Industry 6,10,16,18,19,20 Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc 24 
Pickseed 11 PLCAA 17 Rainbird 16 
S.P.I.C 8,9 Tuco 23 
Tuflex 10 Turf Seed 4 Velsicol 13 WIPE OUT GRUB PROBLEMS WITH PROHOC. Proxol 80 Sp| INSECTICIDE Grubs are of increasing concern. Many entomologists agree infes-tations are on the rise. Grubs can and will attack customer turf and reduce the benefits of your lawn care program. Your profits and reputation are on the line. Protect your reputation, and customer turf, with a grub control pro-gram using Proxol 80SP insecticide. Long used by golf course super-__ Š intendents, whose requirements are often very demanding, Proxol Šhas recently become available to the lawn care industry. Proxol has a proven performance record for controlling grubs...and other common lawn pests: sod webworm, cutworm, and armyworm. Fast acting Proxol stops pests before damage starts. It controls grubs on contact. Unlike other insecticides that have been shown to tie-up in thatch, Proxol penetrates thatch readily and works effectively at the site of larval activity. You'll like the way Proxol fits into your lawn care program. It's highly soluble in water, easily applied with conventional ground equipment, and can be tank mixed with other non-alkaline pesticides. Low effective rates offer economy. And Proxol won't persist in the environment. Proxol helps you protect your customer's investment in your quality lawn care program. And protects your reputation, too. Acti-dioneR: Programed turf disease care is prevention of damage...not a cure. Acti-dione is a proven broad spectrum fungicide to help you stop turf disease problems before they start. We'll be glad to send more information. CALL THIS NUMBER TOLL-FREE FOR PRODUCT AVAILABILITY AND INFORMATION: OUTSIDE MICHIGAN 1-800-253-8600 INSIDE MICHIGAN (COLLECT) 0-616-323-4000 "TUCO Division of Thf^Jpjohn Company TUCO products readily available. Over 150 U.S. distributors and 8 TUCO distribution centers assure you of convenient product availability. 'Sod Webworm M0L Write 136 on free information card 1urf The shot heard round the,world: Four-Year Performance of commercially available varieties of perennial ryegrass at Rutgers University, North Brunswick, New Jersey proves Yorktown II is so good it's Revolutionary! Cultivar 1974-1977 Average* Cultivar 1974-1977 Average* Cultivar 1974-1977 Average* 1. Yorktown II 2. Blazer 3. Fiesta 4. Diplomat 5. Dasher 6. Omega 7.3 6.7 6.5 
6.3 
6.2 6.1 7. Citation 8. Yorktown 9. Derby 10. Birdie 
11. Pennfine 12. Manhattan 6.1 6.0 
5.8 5.6 
5.3 
5.0 13. NK-200 14. Eton 15. Pelo 
16. NK-100 
17. Game 18. Linn 3.8 
3.8 3.1 2.7 
2.5 2.2 ^Turf performance score: 9 = Highest Possible Score. Four years of testing, during some of the most severe weather conditions in recent years, proved Yorktown II number one in overall turf quality . . . based on criteria including appearance, heat and cold tolerance, density, mowing quality and disease resistance. No wonder Yorktown 11 is so good .. . Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc. Bound Brook, NJ. 08805 / (201) 356-8700 Circle 133 on free information card