4.7% INCREASE Shipments of lawn power equipment up Eight-month industry shipments of walk-behind power lawn mowers, lawn tractors and riding 
mowers, riding garden tractors 
and rotary tillers increased 4.7 percent over the same period 
during the previous shipment 
year, according to estimates by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute(OPEI). The eight-month period began September 1, 1979 and ran through April 1980. Estimated shipments of walk-behind power lawn mowers totalled 4,534,000 units, an in-crease of 4.5 percent over the 4,-337,000 units shipped during the same period last year. Lawn tractor and riding mower shipments grew 3.6 percent, from 
621,000 in 1979 to 643,900 in 1980. Within that category, front-engine riders advanced 4.3 per-cent, from 370,500 units to an es-timated 386,300 units. Shipments of rear-engine riders increased 2.6 percent, 
from 251,000 to 257,600 units. Garden tractor shipments registered a 3.3 percent decline, from 184,600 units in 1979 to 178,-
500 in the current model year. THE SOUTH Post-emergence crabgrass control in bluegrass Crabgrass was effectively con-trolled in Kentucky bluegrass when treated twice with either 
MSMA at two pounds per acre or DSMA at three pounds per acre, in recent tests conducted by Dr. B.J. Johnson, associate professor of agronomy at the University of Georgia. In the tests, initial turf injury was moderate in one of two years. Tests also showed that treatments should not be applied during a high-temperature period. In his report on the tests, Dr. Johnson wrote that crabgrass is 
the most common summer weed in turfgrasses throughout NOV. 12-14 IN LOUISVILLE Fropor'y oí JAMLS 3. BEARD Soil, Crop Sciences Dept. Program set for PLCAA ciöftWrition "Lawn Care Business Manage-ment in the '80's" is the theme of the convention program for the Professional Lawn Care Associa-tion of America's First Annual Convention and Trade Show Nov. 12-14 at the Com-monwealth Convention Center in Louisville, Kentucky. Eleven separate lawn care conference sessions have been scheduled for the three-day pro-gram, with a heavy emphasis on business topics. On Wednesday, Nov. 12, Richard L. White, president of Village Green, Ltd., Chicago, and Robert F. Parmley, president of Tempo 21, Inc., Wheeling, 111. will discuss the topic: "One Stop, Two Sales." Later that day, Steve^ Derrick, president of Latick, Inc., Normal, 111. will present: "Is Your Business Plan Set for 1981? 
Here's How." Also on the 12th, Dennis McNichol, president of Com-puter Applications Technology, Inc., Bethesda, Md. will discuss: "Moving Toward the Computer." There will be evening follow-up sessions on computers and finan-cial planning. On Thursday, Nov. 13, Gordon L. Ober, general manager of Davey Lawnscape, Kent, Ohio will present: "Your New Em-ploye. Will He Represent You Well? What He Really Needs To Know." Later that morning, J. Martin Erbaugh, president of Lawnmark Associates, Inc., Peninsula, Ohio L4WN Serving lawn maintenance Ł jUI^/bi and chemical lawn [ care professionals. INDUSTRY AUGUST 1980 Ł VOL. 4, NO. 8 Ł A Harvest Publication will present: "Direct Mail Is the Only Way To Go." Next up on the program, Dr. Charles H. Darrah III, senior research agronomist for ChemLawn Corp., Milford 
Center, Ohio will discuss: "Con-trolled Release Nitrogen Sources for the Lawn Care Industry." To finish off the morning's pro-gram, Birmingham lawyer Richard Lehr will discuss: "How To Pay Your Applicator." After lunch, Jerry Faulring, president 
of Hydro Lawn, Gaithersburg, 
Md. will present: "Issues You 
Can't Avoid in the '80's." Next, Dr. Roger Funk, of Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, will present: "Pesticide Usage in the 480's." There will be an evening follow-up session on applicator compen-sation and two other evening workshop panels that night. Doug Baker, executive vice president of Leisure Lawn, Inc., Dayton, 
Ohio will present: "Expansion: Ways, When, Where." Also, Bob Earley, editor of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY will discuss: "Ad-vertising Media: Take Your Pick." Companies exhibiting will in-clude mower manufacturers, li-quid and dry application equip-
ment manufacturers, pesticide manufacturers, fertilizer manu-facturers, and seed marketers. For further information on the conference and trade show, con-tact: PLCAA, Suite 1717, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, or call 312-644-0828. Georgia and the Southeast. When herbicides are not used for weed control it will compete 
with both warm- and cool-season grasses and results in reduced turf quality. It grows vigorously, 
often comprising 95 percent total ground cover by mid-August. He said crabgrass was effec-tively controlled in Kentucky 
bluegrass in an earlier study in Georgia with post-emergence treatments of MSMA (mon-sodium methanearsonate). Similar results were obtained in Average lawn businessman grosses $117,000 a year to page 16 The average lawn care busi-nessman grossed $117,089 in 1979, according to a recent survey con-
ducted by LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. The figure was up 16 percent over what readers of the magazine said they grossed in 1978. The 1978 figure was $100,-915. Government figures pegged the 1979 inflation rate at 11 per-cent. Projected out to the total read-ership of the magazine, total 1979 gross receipts for the magazine's readership was $1.1 billion. Com-
parable figures for 1978 showed gross receipts of $950 million for the magazine's readership. The survey figures are based upon a 53.6 percent response to questionnaires mailed to 500 readers of the magazine in April and May of this year, according to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY to page 23 QUICK STARTS Oak wilt threatens Midwestern oaks page 5 Controlling yellow nutsedge in turf page 8 Turf grass root systems are often overlooked page 9 Fall and winter ornamental plant care page 11 Granular pesticides guide page 14 Pruning can salvage boxwoods page 18 MEMOS 2 MEETING DATES 4 MONEYWISE 5 
NEWSMAKERS 6 COST CUTTING 8 TOOLS, TIPS, & TECHNIQUES 11 MARKETING IDEA FILE 16 PRODUCTS 4. 20 CLASSIFIEDS 1979 versus 1978 gross receipts 22 £V8¿¿ XI NO I IVI S 9931100 A INO WV XI IOS 1IÜS "i duao 9C id30 doad aav3« sa^vr ao -8¿V-lI0 9 Hl -SX-9B?¿9¿Z9D3Q HQ-aims Through a Better see INSIDE THE IN-ling series of indepth it problems the lawn Topics for this feature Increase of 1979 over, 1978 receipts 16 percent COIiECTICN LCI SURVEY Equipment inventory of LCI readership Almost 79 percent of readers of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY own an average of almost seven rotary walk-behind mowers 
apiece, according to a recent sur-vey of readers of the magazine. This projects out to 50,000 such mowers owned by readers of the magazine. The survey, conducted in the fall of 1979, outlined equipment inventory of readers of the magazine for the following 
additional categories: riding mowers, granular applicators, seeders, dethatchers, aerators, pickup trucks, various horse-
power tractors and spray tanks. For riding rotary mowers, 55.5 percent of the readers said they owned an average of 1.99 units, 
for a readership projection of 10,000. For riding reel mowers, 15.2 percent of the readers said they 
owned an average of 1.42 units, 
for a readership projection of 2,-000. For spray tanks less than 500 gallons, 71.8 percent of the readers said they owned an 
average of 2.26 units, for a read-
ership projection of 15,000. For spray tanks of between 500 and 1,200 gallons, 20.5 percent of the readers said they owned an average of 2.72 units, for a read-
ership projection of 5,200. For spray tanks more than 1,200 gallons, 3.36 percent of the readers said they owned an 
average of 7.4 units, for a read-
ership projection of 2,300. For granular applicators, 86 percent of the readers said they owned an average of 4.18 units, for a readership projection of 34,000. For seeders, 67.9 percent of the readers said they owned an average of 2.33 units, for a read-
ership projection of 15,000. The survey is based upon a 47.4 percent response to questionnaires mailed to 500 readers of LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY, according to magazine market research manager Clarence Arnold. L4WN GIRE INDUSTRY Editor/Associate Publisher: ROBERT EARLEY Assistant Editor: DAN MORELAND, KATHLEEN MILGATE Graphic Director: RAYMOND GIBSON 
Publishing Director: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER Communications & Promotion: NANCY WILKINSON Research Manager: CLARENCE ARNOLD Advertising Production: CHRIS SIMKO Editorial Secretary: JEANNIE SUTTON MARKETING/SALES Circulation Manager: ROSALIE SLUSHER (216) 651-5500 Circulation & List Rental: SHARON JONES (216) 651-5500 Marketing & Merchandising Services: FRAN FRANZAK (216) 651-5500 New York Office: (212) 421-1350 757 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017 Midwest Office: JEFF DREAZEN (312) 236-9425 333 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601 Southern Office: DICK GORE (404) 233-1817 3091 Maple Dr., Atlanta, Ga. 30305 Northwest Office: BOB MIEROW (206) 363-2864 1333 N.W. Norcross, Seattle, WA 98177 Classified: DOROTHY LOWE (216) 651-5500 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 CORPORATE OFFICERS Chairman: JAMES MILHOLLAND JR. President: VAL BRADLEY Senior Vice President: DAYTON MATLICK Senior Vice President: CHARLES QUINDLEN Vice President: RICHARD J. W. FOSTER LAWN CARE INDUSTRY (USPS 397250) is published monthly by The Harvest Publishing Company, a subsidiary of HBJ Communi-cations and Services, Inc., at 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102 (216) 651-5500. Copyright ^ 1980 by The Harvest Publishing Company. All rights reservea. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part witnout consent of 
copyright owner. Controlled circulation postage paid at Cleveland, 
Ohio. SUBSCRIPTIONS: to Lawn Care Industry are solicited only from owners, managers, operators, buyers, agronomists, technicians, dealers, distributors and manufacturers of products associated with the lawn care and maintenance 
business. Position and company connection must be indicated on subscription 
orders. Publisher reserves tne right to approve all subscription requests. Single 
copy cost $1.00 for current issue. All back issues $1.25 eacn. Foreign $1.25. Sub-scription rates: $12.00 one year, $20.00 two years, $25.00 three years. Group and foreign air mail rates available on request. SUBSCRIBERS: Send chanee-of-address notices, correspondence regarding subscription service to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care Industry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Change of Address notices should be sent promptly, provide old as well as new address, attach address label from recent issue. Please allow one month for change of address to become effective. POSTMASTER: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Lawn Care In-dustry, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44102. Harvest Business Publications Division Magazines include: WEEDS TREES & TURF. PEST CONTROL, NPCA Extra, GOLF BUSINESS. Publisher is not liable for delays in delivery and/or non-delivery in the event of Act of God, action by any governmental or quasi-governmental entity, fire, flood, insurrection, riot, explosion, embargo, strikes whether legal or illegal, labor or material shortage, transportation interruption of any kind, work slow-down, or any condition beyond tne control of publisher affecting production or 
delivery in any manner. HARVEST MEMOS Garden centers to cash in on lawn care? A recent editorial in Garden Supply Retailer magazine by editor Richard W. Chamberlin urged garden retailers to cash in on the growing lawn care market. He wrote: "Every retailer wants to build up traffic in the spring and sell lots of fertilizer, chemicals, sprayers and spreaders. So doesn't it make sense to be concerned about the rapid growth of the lawn care industry in many parts of the U.S.?" Where does the growth of the lawn care industry leave the retailer? Chamberlin wrote: "Perhaps facing a considerable drop in business unless something is done. Well-trained pro-fessional lawn care people in fancy trucks are swarming all over this country providing a service many homeowners can't resist. Frequently, it is cheaper for a homeowner to hire them than it is to do the work; they can achieve a better lawn by hiring a lawn care service." He said that a survey of his readers 18 months ago revealed no great concern over this competition. He said he feels it is time for retailers to change their minds and take a long, hard look at a very serious competitor. "You should have a management meeting immediately and discuss the situation in your area," Chamberlin continued. "Perhaps assign someone from your firm to research just how many of your customers are using lawn care services. The next step would be to consider offering this service yourself. This would not be an unprecedented move. Retailers of farm supplies have been custom applying fertilizer and ag chemicals for farmers for years, charging $3 an acre (more or less). "And garden supply retailers have traditionally performed custom services such as landscaping. Why not lawn care ser-vices? You don't tell your landscaping customers, 'Here are the plants, the trees, the sod, the rock, the railroad ties and 
the tools. Come to my store to buy these materials and install them yourself.' Yet you tell your lawn care customers, 'Here is the fertilizer, the lawn chemicals and the application equipment. Come in and buy it and apply it yourself.' "Many homeowners are tired of buying or renting spreaders or sprayers, struggling with complicated label in-structions and spreader or sprayer settings, and then trying to do a decent job covering all of their lawn. They are eager to turn the job over to a professional for just a few dollars more. Why shouldn't you be that professional? It would be a natural tie-in with your business. Chamberlin finished by writing: "You could continue to provide the fertilizer, chemicals and application equipment for the do-it-your-selfer, and benefit from that store traffic. 
But you would also serve this new market that otherwise will take business away from you. The choice is yours. It's not too late, but the ball is in your court." Is your lawn care business strong enough to withstand in-creased competition from garden supply retailers in your area? Perf-A-Lawn holds turf school: A letter we received re-cently from Mark A. Tamn, director of franchise training for Perf-A-Lawn Corp., New Carlisle, Ohio, detailed part of his company's training program for franchisees: "I would like to take the opportunity to tell you of the Southern Region Turf School which we held at our Nashville, Tenn. office, on June 10 and 11. "The training session encompassed among other things, trouble-shooting for turf problems, soils and fertilizers, and a 
motivational set concerning professionalism. The turf session was designed for our franchisee's in the transition and south-ern zones. Since the majority of our franchisees are new to the lawn care business, we feel that training such as this is necessary in educating our franchisees agronomically in their geographical area." Pre-payment plans revisited: Jim Sackett, owner of Leisure Lawn, Troy, Ohio, had some comments about assistant editor Kathy Milgate's article on pre-payment discount plans, which ran in LAWN CARE INDUSTRY'S June issue (see "Pre-payment Plans Generate Quick Cash" page 1). Sackett questioned what he called the negative aspects of the story, saying his company has always used discount plans with much success. He said: "We've been offering a discount plan ever since we've been in the business. If you offer your customers a six per-cent discount, then turn around and invest the money at 12 to 18 percent, you can make money for your company. Some businessmen quoted in the story mentioned needing two price structures, especially when refunding money. I don't 
understand that. I find there are less cancellations when peo-
ple pre-pay." For the turf you care for: proven protection against nine damaging diseases from America's leading fungicide for turf. Now a 500 gram per liter flowable formulation. Daconil 2787 is the broad-spectrum fungicide that helps you fight such problems as dollar spot, gray leaf spot, large brown patch and red thread. Easy to handle with great flowability. Disperses quickly in the spray tank. Effective even in hot weather. Daconil 2787 also provides effective disease control on a number of ornamentals. Now in a new 500 g/l formulation. Diamond Shamrock gives you all the help you need for weed problems, too. Dacthal® is the preemergence herbicide that controls more than 20 weeds and unwanted grasses. Stops early and late germinating weeds without affecting healthy, growing turf grasses. Tough weeds like crabgrass and Poa annua can't stand up to Dacthal. Dacamine® gives postemergence control of over 70 broadleaf weeds including dandelion, annual chickweed, knotweed and Canada thistle. Kills'em right down to the roots so they won't come back. Daconate® gives the postemergence herbicide that knocks out nutsedge, chick-weed, wood sorrel, sandbur and other grassy weeds. It's a ready-to-use liquid herbicide with a built-in surfactant for uniform wetting. For beautiful turf and ornamentals, count on the big four from Diamond Shamrock to make your job easier. Diamond Shamrock The resourceful company. See your turf chemicals supplier, or contact the Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals Division sales office nearest you: Three Commerce Park Square, 23200 Chagrin Blvd, Beachwood, OH 44112 Ł 1760 The Exchange, Suite 100, Atlanta, GA 30339 Ł 5333 Westheimer. Suite 850, Houston. TX 77002 Ł Commerce Plaza Bldg., 2015 Spring Rd.. Oakbrook, IL 60521 Ł 617 Veterans Blvd., Redwood City, CA 94063 Write 119 on reader service card - ' ' . s Ł i * Ł . Ł : . Ł ' * T v ' -1 t T % i ^ * v^StvVl 4 Ł 'I* t ^ÎV ŁŁŁŁr- Ł Ł Ł > ; v-v ^xv; - « V v uv1 Ł Ł - Ł,. *v . Ł ^v^BrïWïtp' » * ?» w v 1 % IVs "Ì r Ł Ł ; ŁŁŁŁŁŁ ' v. : & v ' Š ^ v j* o D < oc E-CO D Q Z w o: < U z £ < MEETING DATES 1980 Penn State Turfgrass Field Days, Joseph Valentine Turfgrass Research 
Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Part, Pa., August 6-7. Contact: Dr. Joseph Duich, 21 Tyson Building, Department of Agronomy, University Park, PA 16802, 814-865-9853. Residential Landscape Design Course I, Seattle, Wash., August 7-9. Contact: John Shaw, executive director, Associated Landscape Contractors of America, 1750 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22102, 703-821-8611. Iowa State University Turfsrass Field Day, Horticulture Researcn Station, Ames, Iowa, August 12. Contact: A.E. Cott, extension norticulturist, Depart-ment of Horticulture, Iowa State Univer-
sity, Arnes, IA 50011, 515-294-1870. Lawn, Garden Outdoor Living, Division 
of National Hardware Show, McCormick Place, Chicago, 111., August 13-16. Contact: National Hardware Show, Charles 
Snitow, 331 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017,212-682-4802. Tan-Misslark Trade Show, Astro Hall, Houston, Texas, August 16-19. Contact: Bill Fullingim, Texas Association of Nurs-erymen, 512 E. Riverside Drive, Austin, TX 78704, 512-444-7489. Rhode Island Turfgrass Field Day, Turf 
Research Farm, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I., August 20. Contact: Professor C.R. Skogley, Plant and Soil Science Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, 401-792-2570. Western Regional Grounds Maintenance 
and Equipment Show, Bear Creek Park, 
ColoradoSprings, Colo., August 26. Con-tact: Frank Cosgrove, regional director, National Recreation ana Park Associa-tion, 3500 Ridge Road, P.O. Box 6900, Colorado Springs, CO 80934. Ohio Turf and Landscape Day, Ohio Agri-cultural Research and Development Cen-ter, Wooster, Ohio, September 9. Contact: Dr. Dave Nielsen, OARDC, Wooster, Ohio 44691, 216-264-1021. 1980 Interior Landscape Conference, Fairmont Hotel, Denver, Colo., Sept. 10-13. Contact: Associated Landscape Con-tractors Association Interior Landscape Division. 1750 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22102, 703-893-5440. 6th Annual Garden Industry of America Conference & Trade Show, Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore, Md., Sep-tember 12-14. Contact: GIA Conference & Trade Show, Box 1092, Minneapolis, MN 55440, 612-374-5200. VPI & SU Turfgrass Research Field Days, Turfgrass Research Center, Blacksburg, Va., September 16-17. Contact: John R. Hall, III, extension specialist, VPI & SU, 426 Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, 703-961-5797. National Lawn & Garden Distributors Association Annual Convention, Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif., Septem-ber 16-19. Contact: Nancy S. Irving, ex-ecutive director, NLGDA, 1900 Arch St., Jancv S. Irving, ex-* - ~ Philadelphia, PA 19103. International Franchise Association Tax Seminar , Hyatt Regency O'Hare, Chicago, III., September 22-24. Contact: IFA, 1025 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C., 20036, 202-659-
0790. Northwest Turfgrass Annual Conference, Sunriver Lodge, Sunriver, Ore., Septem-
ber 22-25. Contact: Dr. Roy Goss, ex-
ecutive secretary, Northwest Turfgrass Association, Western Washington Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371, 206-593-8513. Central Plains Turfgrass Foundation, Kansas State University Turf Conference, KSU Union, Manhattan, Kan., September Forget all the claims. Banvel® Herbicides give you what you really needŠ exceptional weed control, without turf damage, at a more than competitive cost per acre. Banvel 4S gives you broad control of tough weeds, while Banvel® + 2,4-D provides an even wider spectrum of control, but see the label for certain grasses susceptible to 2,4-D. Both mix readily, and are stable in storage. And, Banvel Herbicides offer special translocation properties. This means they attack the entire weed both from the roots up and the leaves down. Effective, yet economical weed controlŠ that's what Banvel Herbicides can add to your turf care program. When all is said and done, isn't that just what you need? Mbr^fi MwrJ\ Banvel HerbicidesŠ Tough on Weeds, Easy on Turf. Use Banvel Herbicides on your next broadleaf weed application. For more information: ŁVelsicol Velsicol Chemical Corporation 341 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 Before using any pesticide read the label. 30-0ctober 2. Contact: R.N. Carrow, sec-retary/treasurer, Horticulture Depart-ment, Waters Hall, Kansas State Univer-sity, Manhattan, KS 66506, 913-532-6170. 16th Annual Turfgrass Equipment, Irriga-
tion and Supplies Field Day, Rutgers stadium and golf course, Piscataway, N.J., Oct. 7. Contact: Dr. Henry W. Indyk, ex-ecutive director, Soils & Crops Depart-ment, P.O. Box 231, Cook College, New 
Brunswick, NJ 08903, 201-932-9453. Kentucky Turfgrass Conference & Field Day, Eastern Kentucky University, Rich-mond, Ky., October 7-9. Contact: Kenneth B. Rue, president, Kentucky Turfgrass Council, 3110 Brownsboro Road, Louis-ville, KY 40206, 502-893-7137. Franchise Management Workshop, Beverly Hills Hotel, Beverly Hills, Calif., October 8-9. Contact: International 
Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut 
Ave., N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 
20036, 202-659-0790. Symposium on Turfgrass Insects, Holiday Inn, Columbus, Ohio, October 14-15. Con-tact: Dr. B.G. Joyner, Plant Diagnostic Labs, ChemLawn Corp., 6969 Worthington-Galena Road, Suite L, Worthington, OH 43085, 614-885-9588. Southwest Turfgrass Association Conference. New Mexico State Univer-sity, Las Cruces, N.M., October 16-17. Contact: Arden A. Baltensperger, secre-tary/treasurer, Southwest Turfgrass Association, New Mexico State Univer-
sity, P.O. Box 3-Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003. Florida Turfgrass 28th Annual Con-ference & Show, University of Florida, Alachua County Fairgrounds and Hilton Hotel, Gainesville, Fla., Oct. 19-22. Con-
tact: FT-GA Executive Office, 1520 
Edgewater Drive, Suite E, Orlando, FL 32804, 305-425-1581. Second National Irrigation Symposium. Nebraska Center for Continuing Educa-tion, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb., October 20-23. Contact: Dr. Dale 
Heermann or Dr. Del Fangmeier, Depart-ment of Soils, Water and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, 602-626-1412. Franchise Management Workshop. Con-tinental Plaza, Cnicago, 111., Octooer 22-23. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Franchise Management Workshop, Old Town Holiday Inn, Alexandria, Va., November 5-6. Contact: International Franchise Association, 1025 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 1005, Washington, D.C. 20036, 202-659-0790. Missouri Lawn and Turf Conference, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., November 5-7. Contact: Dr. John H. Dunn, professor of horticulture, 1-43 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211,314-882-7838. Southern Turfgrass Conference, Bir-mingham Hyatt House, Birmingham, Ala., November 9-12. Contact: Dr. Euel Coats, executive secretary, Southern Turfgrass Association, Drawer CP, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, 601-325-3138. National Institute on Park and Grounds 
Management 10th Annual Educational 
Conference, Sheraton Twin Towers, 
Orlando, Fla., Nov. 9-13. Contact: National Institute, Box 1936, Appleton, WI 54913,414-733-2301. National Lawn Care Business Conference, Sheraton Twin Towers, 
Orlando, Fla., November 10-13. Con-tact: Erik Madisen, Jr., Box 1936, Ap-pleton, WI 54913, 414-733-2301. First Professional Lawn Care Association of America Convention, "Lawn Care Business Management in the 1980 s." Commonwealth Convention Center, Louisville, Ky., Nov. 12-14. Contact: 
Glenn Bostrom, PLCAA, Suite 1717, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, 312-644-0828. Maintenance Symposium, Washington 
Plaza, Seattle, Wash., December 1-3. Con-tact: John Shaw, executive director, Asso-ciated Landscape Contractors of 
America, 1750 Old Meadow Road, McLean, VA 22101, 703-893-5440. New Jersey Turfgrass Expo '80. Cherry Hill Hyatt House, Cherry Hill, N.J., Dec. 8-11. Contact: Dr. Henry W. Indyk, 
general chairman, Soils & Crops Depart-ment, P.O. Box 231, Cook College, New 
Brunswick, NJ 08903, 201-932-9453. Virginia Turfgrass Conference & Trade 
Show. John Marshall Hotel, Richmond, 
Va., Jan. 20-22, 1981. Contact: John R. Hall, III, extension specialist, VPI & SU, 426 Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, 703-961-5797. (fi co' 3 0) o © >-0 o® o o c 3" o © o © o o 3 3 C © © o © < i 3 o © _ © Q) 3 © Q. C 
<0 Ło 8 8 2 DDS © ICDQ-w O C 5 3 Î2. © © 3 w © </> z o S 2 S CO IS> to City Mail To: Company Name Your Title First Initial Š Š Š Š Middle Initial Š Š 
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Š Š -Š Š CD Š -Š CO Š CD Š -Š Š Š 1 Š Š Š : -Š Š 2 2 8 2 en 01300= = ® Ss S1 f I Ulli sili» : «S o n 3 S^S off m? Ss>!fl sS®3«! g 3 S off® 3*5 s SI Sa2* 55*1 Isl^ 1 AUGUST 1980(Expires in 60days) reader service card Use this card to obtain more information...fast. A NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES < 2 OL LLl CC CO CO LU z CO Z> CD B MONEYWISE Coping with customer expectations Why do customers cancel? Lawn care businessmen have been asking themselves that question since the industry first began in the early 1960's. The most likely reason for cancella-tions, according to Philip Catron, regional agronomist for ChemLawn Corp., is unrealistic customer expectations, prompted by misleading advertising and a lack of communi-
cation between the customer and the lawn care technician. Catron, speaking at the Pennsylvania Turfgrass Con-ference, traced the causes of unrealistic customer expect-ations to three primary sources: retail advertising, extension service bulletins and lawn care advertising. Retail advertising constantly reinforces the concept that the typical lawn is a lush green "carpet" uninhabited by a single pest or weed. Catron suggests that these ads paint a "psychological picture" in the customer's mind that simply is not accurate. "University and extension bulletins also help to promote the idea that taking care of a lawn is not really that hard a job," he added. Stories designed to educate a mass audience TREES Oak wilt threatens midwestern oaks Oak wilt kills thousands of oak trees in Wisconsin and other midwestern states each year, with particularly bad damage in the southern two-thirds of the state of Wisconsin, according to 
Gayle Worf, University of 
Wisconsin extension plant pathologist. "Oak wilt is a close biological relative of Dutch elm disease, 
although not as destructive," 
Worf said. There is no cure for the dis-ease, which attacks both red and 
black oaks, but control measures 
can stop the disease from spread-ing. The oak wilt fungus is spread in two ways. Insects, especially picnic beetles, carry the oakwilt fungus from infected trees to fresh wounds on healthy trees. 
Connecting roots (known as root grafts) of trees growing within 50 feet of each other serve as natural pipelines for the fungus. The fungus invades the water-conducting vessels in the sapwood of the tree. In a few days, the vessels become 
plugged, cutting off the water 
flowing from the roots to the leaves. The leaves farthest from the roots begin to wilt first, Worf said. Initially, a slight curling and paling appear on the tips of the leaves. Within a few weeks, leaves gradually turn brown or 
bronze and drop. The outer ring 
of wood under the bark may ap-pear brown or black. To control oak wilt, Worf rec-ommends treating wounds on 
oak trees promptly. Avoid prun-ing oak trees in late spring or summer. Cover all wounds (in-cluding those made by pruning) 
immediately with tree paint or wound dressing. If you have two oaks within root-grafting distance and one becomes infected, all roots midway between the two trees 
must be severed either mechani-cally or chemically. Worf says to 
act quickly because the fungus 
can spread rapidly to nearby 
oaks. about lawn care often appear in local papers from extension service personnel. However, this infomation may not be ac-curate in specific cases, according to Catron. "What I'm saying is don't get irritated at the extension peo-ple for doing their job, but be ready to explain to your customers that what they (extension bulletins) say may not be true in every particular case." Catron described lawn care businessmen themselves as the "biggest contributor" to unrealistic customer expectations. Virtually all lawn care advertising carries a photo of an ex-ceptionally green, well manicured lawn, and many customers come to expect their lawn to look like that photo within a few short weeks. "Putting that kind of lawn into the customer's mind is not so bad, but it can lead to problems if it's carried 
too far," he said. The solution? Catron suggests redesigning existing brochures. "Don.t make it (advertising) look like a picture perfect lawn. Make it look like a nice lawn certainly, but don't overdo it." A second step is increased customer education. "There's a lot of public relations work you can do," Catron said. Speak to garden clubs and civic groups, submit articles to newspapers and, most importantly, "sell your program honestly." In the 
long run it could save you money in the form of fewer can-
cellations. 4 Affilie A KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS DISCOVER AMERICA! Experience the Beautiful Freedom of a Less Demanding Bluegrass Efforts of University specialists and turf experts combine to bring you this outstanding new Ken-tucky bluegrass....bred and tested to meet the needs of turf growers who ask for a less 
demanding, better performing bluegrass. Low growing and compact Pickseed also produces Touchdown KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS MMI KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS with good disease resistance, dark green, fine textured and showing good shade tolerance... America's superior quali-
ties are being discovered by sod growers, greens-
keepers and landscapers everywhere. Join them today and 
discover America for yourself! Produced by ® PICKSEED WEST Inc. Tangent, OR 97389 (503) 926-8886 NEWSMAKERS o D < >« oc H cß D D 2 w « < u 2 < Fred Whitcomb is a sales manager for Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., based in Rockford, 111. Aden H. Francis is a sales representa-tive based in Galesburg, Mich. The company is headquartered in Monmouth Junction, N.J. Bolton W. Jones Jr. is a sales manager for specialty and technical products for Elanco Products Co., Indianapolis. Payne Supply, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, has been appointed as a full-line distributor for prod-
ucts manufactured by Solo, Inc., Newport News, Va. A major reorganization of the executive structure of Gravely, 
Clemmons, N.C. has been an-nounced by president R.A. Kenkel. Jim Fischer, formerly vice president of marketing, was promoted to executive vice presi-Kenkel dent. Rick Murray assumes responsibility for all North American sales, including 
Gravely's company-owned branch operation, which will be under the direction of Bernie Biller, national branch manager. Wes Wilson is president of Big Bear Equipment, Inc., Omaha, Neb. A second company, Big Bear Turf Equipment Co., is 
based in Des Moines, la. The 
company has just been awarded the Jacobsen and Cushman turf contracts for eastern Iowa. Oper-ations will be based in the quad-city area, Wilson said. Stephen Champ is president of Greentree, Inc., Atlanta. Mathew Narog is president of Lawn Clinc, Inc., Cupertino, Calif. Dave L. Smith, Jr. is owner of Lawn Care Dave L. Smith is owner of Lawn Care & Landscaping, McHenry, 111. Gary D. Carstens is president of World of Green, Inc., Lincoln, Web. The company offers mowing/maintenance, and liq-
uid and granular chemical lawn care. Sebastian Martello is sales manager of Recommend Lawn Care, Inc., Centereach, N.Y. Ronald H. Swanson is presi-dent of Highland Landscape, Inc., South Bend, Ind. The com-pany offers chemical lawn care. Dr. John Larry Sanders has been appointed assistant vice president of United States Testing Co., Inc., a leading inde-pendent testing and inspection 
organization with laboratories in 14 states. The company is based in Hoboken, N.J. Kathy Allen is landscape manager for M.S. Management Associates, located in the Jefer-son Square Mall in Joliet, 111. Sid North has been named Los Angeles branch manager for 
Northrup King Co., Minneapolis, replacing Wayne Ashby who has 
been promoted to the firm's 
Pacific Division headquarters at 
Fresno, Calif., to become the division's sales and marketing director. Steve Tubbs has joined the sales staff of Great Western Seed Co., Albany, Ore. Arthur H. Bruaneau is assis-tant instructor in turf extension at the University of Nebraska, 
working closely with Drs. Robert Shearman and Terry Riordan. Tony F. DeFranco is president of DeFranco Landscape, Inc., 
Solon, Ohio. The company offers mowing/maintenance and granular chemical lawn care. ÎOth anniversary with the company. McDonald also received a George McDonald (left), service manager for Lawn Doctor of Matawan, N.J. receives a plaque from Lawn Doctor President Tony Giordano com-memorating wristwatch bearing the "green thumb" Lavvn Doctor logo and $500 from franchise owner John Gerardi in recognition of his service. Based in Matawan, Lawn Doctor, Inc. includes more than 270 franchised dealers in 26 states who provide comprehensive lawn care throughout the year. Future Lawn Care Operators of America? You've heard of the organization Future Farmers of America. How about Future Lawn Care Operators of America? Michael Lenihan, two-year old son of P.J. and Frances, doesn't think it's a bad idea. Here, he proudly models one of Lawn Medic's attractive uniforms in miniature. The uniform was a gift from the elder Lenihan's sister, 
Sue Vasdikis, and is identical to the uniforms worn by Lawn Medic employees across the country. Lenihan is owner of Lawn Medic of the Triad, Inc. in Winston-Salem, N.C. He started the business in 1974 and currently grosses about $150,000 annually on service to ap-proximately 700 accounts. Stephen Czarnecky is owner of Lawn Care, Vallejo, Calif. Charles McCormick is general manager of Guaranteed Weed Control, a division of Quality Pest Control, Ltd., Don Mills, On-tario, Canada. The company of-fers chemical lawn care and 
products supply. David Ekvall has been named an area manager for the Kohler Co. Engine Div., Kohler, Wis. Rodney Marshall is manager of Lawnpros Division of Grand View Nursery, Hannibal, Mo. based in Worthington, Ohio. The 
company is headquartered in Bensenville, 111. Charles T. Willey, who was associated with The Toro Co., Minneapolis, for 20 years, has joined The Norton Corp. Phoenix as vice president and general manager of the firm's equip-ment/irrigation division. David L. Klipp is president of Turf Tailors, Inc., Fayetteville, N.Y. Charles W. Pate is regional marketing manager for Fisons, Inc., Based in Marietta, Ga. The 
insecticide and herbicide manu-facturer is based in Bedford, 
Mass. Russell T. Davis is owner of Montclair Landscaping, Dumfries, Va. Jerry Haire is owner of Greenleaf Lawn & Tree, Waco, Texas. The company offers chemical lawn care and tree care. Edward Miner has been named sales supervisor in the Midwest for The Agricultural Chemicals Division of Diamond 
Shamrock Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Hugo H. Steuernagel is owner of Brothers Landscaping and Design Co., East Patchogue, N.Y. The firm, established in 1969, specializes in grounds mainte-nance, applies both liquid and granular chemicals, and also does ornamental spraying, 
landscape design and con-struction. Kevin J. Cassidy is co-owner of C & W Landscaping, Suffield, 
Conn. Michael J. Hunt and Diane E. Brown are principals in Guardian Landscape and Tree Maintenance, Lansing, Mich. David Ropp is owner of Systems III Landscape Mainte-nance, Stanwood, Mich. The firm also handles landscape con-tracting. Bob Jacobson and Russ Sawyer are principals in Nutri-Turf, 
Sioux City, la. The company of-
fers chemical lawn care and seeding. Maurer Nuter Howard E. Maurer has joined Jacobsen Div. of Textron, Inc., Racine, Wis. as manager of credit and collections. Gwenn Nuter has been appointed manager, salaried 
personnel at the Brookhaven, Miss, manufacturing facility of Jacobsen Div. of Textron, Inc., 
based in Racine, Wis. John R. Page is a manager for Tru-Green Corp., Wyoming, Mich. The company is head-quartered in East Lansing, Mich. Rene J. Maguet is owner of The Grassman, St. Clair Shores, Mich. The company offers liquid 
and granular chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance. Joseph W. Stout III is president of Complete Lawn Service, Inc., 
Arlington, Va. Stephen J. Pida is vice president and Russell A. Stout is lawn foreman. The com-
pany offers liquid and granular chemical lawn care and mowing/maintenance. Max G. Graham is president of Graham Lawn Care Equipment, Douglasville, Ga. His company manufactures lawn spray equip-
ment and also has a liquid 
chemical lawn care outlet. Fischer "You're invited to come visit me in our Fylking park." "Fylking Kentucky bluegrass was a big part of converting rusted railroad trestles and abandoned coal piles to one of the most beautiful downtown parks in America. The Spokane Opera House and a portion of the river show in the background. I'm standing on rich, luscious, official World's Fair grassŠFylking Kentucky bluegrass. It now covers much of the area where 5 million people came to the Fair." Fylking was and continues to be chosen because of its improved disease resistance, greater cost effi-ciencies and environmental desirability. Fylking Kentucky bluegrass costs less than most other elite bluegrasses. For every lawn seed mix, specify this World's Fair/Park quality seed. FYLKING KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS U S Plant Patent 2887 Another fine, quality-controlled product of k m | Jack I in Seed Company. I 8 WEEDS Controlling yellow | nutsedge in turf g During the last few years, turf < researchers at Virginia Tech have evaluated a relatively new herbicide Š bentazon Š for weed control in various turf-grasses. £ According to S.W. Bingham, £ professor of plant physiology, g and N.K. Rogers, extension spe-z cialist in weed control, Bentazon w appeared to provide dependable < yellow nutsedge control in es-
2 tablished bluegrasses, bent-^ grasses, bermudagrasses and j fescues. Some other weeds (mainly Broadleaf) may also be con-trolled with Bentazon treat-
ments; however, the merits of this herbicide for turfgrasses are realized when yellow nutsedge is 
part of the weed problem. Bentazon is marketed under the trade name Basagran by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J. There are two important nut-sedges occuring as weeds in crops and turfgrasses. In Virginia, yellow nutsedge pre-sents the main problem. In the Tidewater area of the state, pur-ple nutsedge may also occur. Yel-low nutsedge generally has light green to yellowish leaves; yet, under high fertilization may be deep green. The stem has three sides (triangular shape) and forms a basal bulb below the soil sur-
face. Rhizomes grow out from this bulb and terminate in another bulb which eventually becomes another plant. Purple nutsedge forms chains of bulbs on these rhizomes (there may be five or more in a chain-like fashion). Purple nutsedge also 
has a purple cast when it begins to flower. Yellow nutsedge grows well under a wide range of soil con-
ditions and out-competes many plants under high moisture con-ditions. It can replace bermuda-grass or bentgrass in moist places. It withstands cooler climates than does purple nut-sedge and yet grows well at the equator. Yellow nutsedge is a serious weed on more than two-and-one-quarter million acres in the eastern United States. Tuber or bulb dormancy does present some problem during control efforts. Not all tubers will have actively growing shoots and are not appreciably con-trolled with a given herbicide ap-plication. The sodium salt of Bentazon is water-soluble and is applied in a water spray to the foliage of the 
weeds. Being water-soluble, rainfall within a few hours of ap-
plication will reduce the effec-tiveness of yellow nutsedge con-
trol. It is absorbed into the leaves, but it does not translocate very well in the plant. This means that good coverage of weeds is essential for good success. Bentazon kills plants by inter-fering with photosynthesis, the 
food-producing process in plants. It appears to be selective for con-
trol of weeds that fail to 
matabolize and conjugate the chemical to inactive materials. Bentazon does leach slightly with little absorption on clay part-icles. Microbial breakdown oc-
curs quite readily, little or no loss occurs from photo-decomposition or violatilization and persistence of Bentazon is 
usually less than six weeks. Bentazon is applied post-emergence to yellow nutsedge in an active growth stage. If the turfgrass is mowed, it appears better to wait about a week for new growth to occur and leaves 
of nutsedge to extend above the turfgrass. A split application 10 days apart is generally superior to single treatments. In addition to yellow nutsedge, Bentazon controls wild mustards, smart weed, shepherdspurse, prickly sida, common purslane, velvetleaf, ragweed, thistles and a few other broadleaf weeds un-der good growth conditions. Pur-ple nutsedge does not appear very sensitive to Bentazon and thus, you should identify the species before using Bentazon for nutsedge control. COST CUTTINGS Small business management books available A number of excellent publications on running a small business such as a lawn care business are available from the 
U.S. government at very low cost. Here is a listing of some of them and how to get them. Buying and Selling a Small Business. 128 pages, code num-ber S/N 045-000-00164-4, cost is $3.50. Starting and Managing a Small Business of Your Own. 104 pages, code number S/N 045-000-00123-7, cost is $3.50. Managing for Profits. 164 pages, code number is S/N 045-000-00005-2, cost is $2.75. Strengthening Small Business Management.164 pages,^ode number is S/N 045-000-00114-8, cost is $4.00. Selecting Advertising Media. 140 pages, code number is S/N 045-000-00154-7, cost is $3.75. A Handbook of Small Business Finance. 68 pages, code number is S/N 045-000-00139-3, cost is $3.00. For further information, contact: Superintendent of Docu-ments, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washhington DC 20402. BASICS OF TURF Root systems often overlooked in turfgrass management programs Management practices of lawns tend to consider only the visible foliage, often overlooking the im-portance of the root system, says Dr. Lloyd M. Callahan of the University of Tennessee. "The root system of turfgrasses is fibrous and extensively branched," he told attendees at the Midwest Turfgrass Con-ference at Purdue University 
earlier this year. "The function, longevity and health of the root 
system is directly affected by a multitude of natural and induced factors. Some soil conditions ad-
versely affecting root growth are: Ł Waterlogged soils. Ł Low soil oxygen. 
Ł Compacted soil and/or soil with high clay content. Ł Very high or low soil tem-peratures. Ł Very high or low soil pH. Ł Toxicity of high salt concen-trations. Ł Toxicity from pesticide resi-dues. Biological and cultural factors influencing root growth and 
development include: Ł Mowing too high or low. Ł Scalping. 
Ł Nutrient deficiencies or tox-icities. Ł Excessive nitrogen. Ł Heavy thatch accumulation. 
Ł Excessive irrigation. Ł Excessive wear and traffic injury. Ł Injury from diseases, nematodes and insects. The root system in many ways can be considered the heart of the turfgrass plant. It takes up and supplies the life-giving fluids and nutrients in accor-
dance with the demands of the 
foliage. The greater the demands and needs of the foliage for water and nutrients, the greater the stress and restrictions in growth placed on the roots. Regeneration of the root system is a continuous process with the life of a root system varying from a few weeks to well over a year. A root can generally be divided into two functional areas: The "active" and the "passive" region. The active 
region is the root tip, which in turfgrass varies from about two to 10 millimeters in length with most being from two to four millimeters in length. There are thousands of root tips distributed throughout a root system. However, the active region, as compared to the remaining passive region, com-prises less than one-tenth of one THE INSECTICIDE THAT UKES TO WORK OVERTIME. DURSBAN* brand insecticides provide un-surpassed residual con-trol of cutworms, chinch bugs, sod webworms, and a dozen other turf pests. Both DURSBAN 2E Insecticide and double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide keep working a lot longer than other turf insec-ticides. This residual action saves you time, trips, and labor. It also saves you money. In fact, ŁTrademark of The Dow Chemical Company DURSBAN insecti-cides cost less than most other turf insecticides. Ask your supplier for the turf insec-ticide that works over-time for you. Get DURSBAN 2E Insecticide or double-strength DURSBAN 4E Insecticide. Just be sure to read and follow all label directions and precautions. Agricul-tural Products Depart-ment, Midland, Michigan 48640. Write 112 on reader service card DURSBAIT2E INSECTICIDE u DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. percent by weight of the total root system. Functions of the active region are varied and complex. New cells are continually formed in the meristematic tip as sufficient carbohydrates are available to support the generation of new cell growth. This region normally 
is from one-half to one millimeter in length. Cells in the active region can be considered elastic and flexible. The process of cellular enlargement and elongation is 
responsible for the movement of the root through the soil. With further maturation and differentiation, root hairs form as extension and epidermal cells and vascular tissues come fully developed. At least 95 percent of water and nutrient uptake by the plant occurs through root hairs. With movement through the vascular system, upward transport occurs to above-ground plant parts, the foliage. New lateral roots form 
from a cylinder of cells called the pericycle. The root system is the heart of the turfgrass plant, supplying life-giving fluids and nutrients according to the demands of the foliage. The passive region of the root also has important functions. Although cells in this segment of the root are much older, less elastic, and lack flexibility, they 
are quite strong. This is the root 
portion which serves to anchor the plant to the soil, stabilize the soil rootzone, and serves in transport of water and nutrients taken up by root tips to above-ground plant parts. A small car-bohydrate reserve can be stored in this region also. Destruction of root tips without allowances for new tips to develop generally spells death for the entire root system, and sometimes for the over-ground plant parts. In the normal life cycle of cool-season grasses, death of roots is commonly asso-
ciated with heat stress periods. Regeneration of new roots generally follows this stress period. Recent findings at Texas A & M University show that the root system of Tifgreen bermudagrass generates during the flush of new foliage growth during the break of dormancy in the spring. Subsequently, a new 
root system begins developing a 
few days following the initiation 
of new leaf growth. During the spring new root growth period it would appear logical that Tifgreen bermudagrass would be very susceptible to damage and injury from close mowing, traf-fic, insects, diseases, high nitro-gen, drought and herbicides. Roots are obviously important to the health and survival of the 
entire turfgrass plant. Manage-ment programs for turfgrasses 
should include the root system if the foliage is to have a chance to fulfill its physical and aesthetic functions. Turf-type Perennial Ryegrass Was the Grass Good Enough for the Super Bowl and Rose Bowl Here's what you can expect from Derby Perennial Ryegrass Ł Germinates in a week or less under ideal conditions Ł Mows beautifully Ł Thrives when cut to 1 inch, 1V2 inches or 3/16th for specialized uses Ł Holds its very dark green color even during chilly Southern winters Ł Responds rapidly to fertilization Ł Never, never needs pampering Ł Mixes nicely with other turf-type grasses Ł Is a disease-resistant variety a Pro^o, i5i inTERnRTionnb SEEDS, inc. P.O. Box 168, Halsey, Oregon 97348 Telephone (503) 369-2251 Ł TWX 510/590-0765 Derby is the turf-type Perennial Ryegrass that does all things well. That's why it was chosen to form the turf at Super Bowl XIII and Super Bowl IX as well as the 1980 Rose Bowl game. Derby was a logical choice because it was tough enough to take a pounding and yet remain handsome enough for the piercing eyes of the television cameras. Yet Derby is also the perennial ryegrass that thrives when cut consistently to 3/16th inch on golf putting greens or at either 1 inch or IV2 inches for general turf use, such as home lawns, parks and playgrounds. A disease-resistant variety, Derby will germinate in a week or less under ideal conditions. It responds rapidly to fertilization and mixes well with other fine-bladed grasses. Derby is also the top choice for the overseeding of dormant Bermuda grass in the Southern U.S. BASICS Tips for ornamental plant care during fall and winter F What cultural practices are you going to apply to your customer's ornamental plants now that fall is almost here and winter is rapidly approaching? Paul L. Smeal, extension spe-cialist in horticulture and nurs-ery production at Virginia Tech 
offers some tips on planting, fer-tilization, watering, mulching, pruning and use of anti-transpirants. Planting. It was thought that only spring and fall was the proper time to plant or trans-plant ornamental plants. Ac-tually, plants may be planted any time that the ground is not frozen. Thus, if there are plans 
for new plantings or renovation 
of old plantings, plan to do it 
soon. A major planting problem is the planting of plants too deep. Plants should be set in the ground at the same depth as 
grown in the nursery, or as it previously was growing if it is 
being moved. Many plants die, 
both shrubs and trees, as a result of planting them too deep. Any trees planted should be staked so the roots have the opportunity to 
become well-rooted into the soil surrounding the root ball. Fertilization. It is often men-tioned that plants should not be 
fertilized after mid-summer 
because it would stimulate new growth that would be injured by fall frost or winter-killed. This 
belief and practice resulted in the plants entering winter in a nutrient-deficient or weakened condition. A weakened plant is more apt to receive winter injury from a severe winter. Recent research has shown it is desirable to fer-tilize trees and shrubs in the fall after there has been sufficient 
cool weather or a killing frost that has caused the plant to become dormant. With a fall ap-
plication of fertilizer, the fall and winter moisture will dis-solve the fertilizer and move it into the soil for roots to absorb. Root absorption will occur, and when the spring and warm weather arrives, the plant will have the nutrient readily available to support the new growth. When a spring fertilizer application is made, it quite com-monly becomes hot and dry, and the fertilizer is not dissolved and available until the fall and win-ter. Thus, there is a year's delay in the plant's benefitting from a spring fertilization. A 10-10-10 or 
similar complete fertilizer is suitable for most ornamental plants. It is desirable to have a 
soil test made before adding any fertilizer as there is more a ten-dency to over-fertilize than to under-fertilize. Also, fertiliza-tion will not solve problems of planting too deep, poor drainage, 
overwatering and other bad cultural practices. Watering. Watering is often neglected during the. winter, but winter is often a critical time for many of the broadleaf evergreens, especially those set out in the fall. The leaves are ac-tively growing and they are giv-ing off moisture into the at-mosphere continuously. Get out the hose and water the evergreens, especially the broad-
leaf evergreens if the ground 
becomes dry. Mulching. A winter mulch is desirable to conserve moisture and to maintain a more uniform soil temperature. It prevents the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil that commonly occurs 
during the late winter and spring 
months which is detrimental to herbaceous perennials, heaving the crowns out of the soil and leaving the roots exposed. A winter mulch is applied af-ter the plants become dormant TOOLS,TIPS & TECHNIQUES Cutting hours off lawn-mowing time According to experts with the Jacobsen Division of Textron, Inc., Racine, Wis., major consideration should be given to the lawn mower's cutting width and size of the lawn to be mowed before selecting the type of cutting unit best suited to send out 
on the job. For example, it would take 171 separate passes and 2.3 hours to cut an acre of grass using a walk-behind mower with 
an 18-inch cutting width compared to only 75 passes and an hour of time to cut the same acre with a riding mower that cuts a 36-inch path. The following information helps compute lawn-cutting time by comparing a mower's cutting width with the number of passes required to complete the job and total travel time per acre in miles. The information outlines cutting one acre Š 200 feet by 217 feet Š and allows a four-inch overlap on each pass. As said before, with a mower cutting width of 18 inches, it would take 171 swaths, 6.9 miles of travel and 2.3 hours. With a mower cutting width of 21 inches, it would take 141 swaths, 5.7 miles of travel, and 1.9 hours. With a mower cutting width of 24 inches, it would take 120 swaths, 4.9 miles of travel, and 1.6 hours. With a mower cutting width of 30 inches, it would take 92 swaths, 3.7 miles of travel, and 1.2 hours. With a mower cut-ting width of 36 inches, it would take 75 swaths, 3.0 miles of travel, and 1.0 one hour. With a mower cutting width of 48 inches, it would take 55 swaths, 2.2 miles of travel and 0.7 
hour of time. and the ground is cold or frozen. The purpose of a winter mulch is not only to protect against the 
old, but to protect against the 
warmth of late winter. There are many organic mulches available, 
and the wood chips are probably the most readily available and least expensive. Wood chips are 
very effective as a mulch and 
will completely decompose and add humus to the soil. Winter pruning. Needled and non-flowering broadleaf ever-greens may be lightly pruned at this time to check the plant 
from getting any larger. The 
flowering broadleaf evergreens, 
such as azaleas, rhododendron, laurel, etc., should be pruned af-ter flowering in the spring. This is also the time to prune shade trees. Anti-transpirant. Protective sprays or anti-transpirants, such as Wilt-Pruf NCF, Vapor Gard, etc. may help to reduce the win-ter browning of broad-leaved evergreens, Smeal said. The anti-transpirants help reduce ex-cessive loss of moisture through the leaves caused by excessive transpiration. It is recom-mended to spray at least twice 
during the winter season, December and late January or early February and when the temperature is warm to insure an 
even and thorough coverage. Self-propelled Turf Sprayer 4 Wheels Smoother ride. More stability. s t Wide Coverage 16 ft. folding spray boom. Use 3 sections or individually. High Flotation Twice as much as a utility truck and sprayer. itnspray-pro Precision application. Fast efficient spraying. Centrifical pump. 100 p.s.i. max. 55 g.p.m. High pressure piston pump and hand gun optional. 16 h.p. cast iron engine. 3-speed transmission 160 gal. polytank with agitator. 33 years experience building self-propelled sprayers. DEALERS WANTED (812)428-2025 SUBSCRIBE W TODAY! If you're one of our thousands of 'pass along' readers, consider ordering your own personal subscription ... Begin building your personal reference library of valuable technical and professional information today! r I Name . Title j Company Name I Address I City I Ł 1 yr. $12.00 Ł 2 yrs. $20.00 "Ł Bill me --Ł Payment enclosed ŁForeign prices slightly higher State Zip-IBusiness/Industry Description: (Such as lawn service, cemetery. PCO, Ptr ^ TURF DIVISION 1625 N. Garvin St. Evansville, IN 47711 etc.) Send to: Rosalie Slusher/Circulation Manager j L4WN GARE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102 12 o D < >« oc H c/o D Q Z w os < u z £ < 1Š3 Inside the industry Preventing discrimination claims through a better understanding of the 1964 Civil Rights Act The success of the lawn care industry means that many lawn care employers may be subject to federal labor laws. Though a typical industry employer would likely be classified as a small businessman, he is just 
as big from the labor perspective as an em-ployer with 80 or 90 employees. In particu-lar, a lawn care employer who employs 15 
or more individuals for 20 weeks during the 
calendar year must comply with the equal employment mandates of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Broadly speaking, the 1964 Civil Rights Act was intended to eliminate racial dis-
crimination in areas such as education, 
housing and the work place. The term "dis-crimination" simply means treating two people who are similarly situated in a different manner. Title VII prohibits governments, unions and employers from discriminating against an individual on the 
basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Additionally, the Age Dis-crimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits discrimination on the basis of age if an individual is between 40 and 70. Em-ployers with 20 or more employees during the calendar year are covered by this act. Title VII and the ADEA are administered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). (For the sake of sim-plicity, any subsequent references to Title 
VII shall also include the ADEA.) The EEOC has numerous regional and district offices across the country, and it employs 
investigators and attorneys to respond to 
discrimination charges. Many states have 
enacted similar anti-discrimination statutes. Charges filed with the appropriate state agency can still lead to the EEOC. Thus, this article focuses on Title VII, the EEOC, and how lawn care employers can 
prevent and defend against equal employ-ment problems. A typical EEOC charge begins when an individual, whether an applicant, current 
employee or former employee, files a 
charge of discrimination with the EEOC. The EEOC then sends a copy of the charge and a date to the employer for a scheduled 
conference to discuss the charge with an 
EEOC representative and the charging party. At this conference, the employer ex-
plains his position about the circumstances leading to the charge, citing as many well-documented, objective factors as possible. From that initial meeting with the EEOC, the charge is either withdrawn, settled or proceeds to further EEOC investigation and 
possible litigation. The EEOC is not principally concerned with an employer's intent. Instead, the EEOC requires that the employer demon-strate non-discriminatory reasons for employment decisions which affect two or more people differently. For example, if a man and woman apply for the same job and the man is hired, the employer will not dis-pel claims of discrimination by stating that "If a man and a woman ap-ply for the same job and the man is hired, the employer will not dispell claims of dis-crimination by stating that he lacked discriminatory intent. 
Instead, the employer must demonstrate that the man was hired because he was better qualified for the job.,, Š Richard I. Lehr, attorney. he lacked discriminatory intent. Instead, the employer must demonstrate that the man was hired because he was better qualified for the job, not because of his sex. Every employment decision is covered by Title VII, ranging from giving an in-dividual an employment application to decisions whether to hire, fire, demote, promote, lay off or terminate. As these ex-amples indicate, Title VII is a most exten-sive federal labor law. A Title VII matter can take years to resolve, and may involve backpay liability for a number of em-ployees. Thus, it is far more cost-effective for lawn care employers to invest in actions and procedures for preventing Title VII claims, than to gamble that no claims will 
arise. Even if an employment dis-
crimination charge slips through the prevention procedures, those procedures 
will contribute to successfully resolving the charge. Prevention procedures can work if em-ployers accept the proposition that any 
currently satisfied employee, regardless of 
race, age or sex, may be tomorrow's malcontent. The change in attitude may be 
unrelated to work, such as domestic or financial troubles. However, ultimately, those matters will affect job performance. Three principles are basic to preventing equal employment problems. First, 
employment decisions must be docu-mented. This means that if at any time a court or the EEOC were to inquire about an employment decision, the lawn care em-
ployer should be able to open a personnel 
file and show a documentation of dates and events which led to a particular decision. Second, employers should explain to em-ployees why disciplinary actions were taken. Employees who are not told why 
they were disciplined or terminated may go 
to the EEOC for the explanation (because 
their immediate reason, however erroneous, is discrimination). Finally, em-ployers must make consistent employee 
decisions. For example, last year, a white 
employee was late. He was warned, but 
was not suspended. This year, a black em-ployee was late. He was suspended for two 
days. It is quite likely that the different treatment arose because the employer did not remember how he responded to the same situation a year ago. This incon-sistency, regardless of intent, may contrib-ute to a charge of employment dis-
crimination based on race. I suggest that lawn care employers con-sider establishing the following prevention procedures: Work Rules and Job Requirements. Employees want to know the rules and job 
requirements. It gives them boundaries 
within which they work and impresses em-ployees with the belief that all employees 
will receive the same treatment. 
Additionally, written rules and job respon-
sibilities reduce the possibility of incon-
sistent employer decisions, as they provide the lawn care employer and his supervisors with an established framework for making employment decisions. Informal Complaint System. Employees may be disturbed about their equipment, a fellow employee, or a supervisor. The em-ployees must know who they can speak to about these problems and how to get that 
individual's attention. Many employers, particularly those the same size as our typical lawn care company, state with pride that their employees are "part of the family." Even family members, like em-
ployees, need some outlet for complaints. The complaint system may be an "open door" approach, but the employer must be sure to keep his door open. Alternatively, naming an individual as the one to see can be successful. In either case, the employee must trust the individual who he is en-
couraged to see. That individual should 
promptly respond to the employee, and ex-
plain why the employee's complaint was 
resolved in a particular way. Informal complaint systems work toward preventing equal employment problems by 
identifying trouble areas in the early 
stages, before they lead to a discrimination charge. I have too often sat at the EEOC 
across the table from an employee who wanted to discuss a work-related problem with his employer. For some reason, the employee did not have confidence in his 
employer's interest or responsiveness. The 
employee filed a charge with the EEOC, and then his employer paid attention. Lawn 
care employers who are approachable and 
attentive to employee complaints should not be in that predicament. Personnel Manual. The job descriptions, work rules and informal complaint system 
should be included in a personnel manual. The manual does not need to be long and complicated. It will be effective if it in-
cludes working hours, holidays, vacations, sick days, and other benefits and employ-ment matters. Additionally, the first page of the person-nel manual should include some general 
language that the lawn care employer is an 
equal opportunity employer, and does not 
discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, age or national 
origin. Frankly, the EEOC views employee manuals favorably. Employers who have such manuals and equal employment language in the manual are perceived by the EEOC as employers who try to treat 
their employees in a non-discriminatory manner. Job Description and Employment Ap-plication. Before filling out an employment application, an applicant should be given a 
job description that includes hours, duties and responsibilities. A salesman should know his job requirements, including ex-penses, hours and where he will sell. Pro-
duction employees should know their con-
ditions of work, such as long hours during the hot summer. Job descriptions are essen-
tial because individuals will eliminate themselves from consideration before fill-ing out an employment application. This 
way, potentially dissatisfied employees do not even enter the work force. They have, through the process of self elimination, determined that this job is not for them. Assuming that an individual wants to ap-ply for a job, the application must solicit in-formation for making a non-discriminatory 
employment decision. The use of objective factors is only part of the anti-
discrimination requirement. The factors also must be job-related. That is, the factor 
of a college education, while objective, may be absolutely unrelated to one's ability to work as a general laborer. An employment application should re-quest only that information which is rele-vant to successfully performing the job. For example, job-related questions for pro-duction personnel may include their past driving record, any drinking and driving related offenses, etc. Other job-related questions on an application include what 
duties were performed at the last job, the 
number of days absent or late at the last job, and why the applicant is applying for the production job. On that basis, the lawn care employer can distinguish between in-dividuals based on objective, job-related 
factors. Once the decision has been made to hire an individual, the personnel policy should be explained to him. The individual should sign a slip that is attached to the policy which states he has read the policy 
and understands its terms. At this point, the personnel file will include the employment 
application, tax withholding information, 
and the slip. Three principles are basic to preventing equal employment problems. First, employment decisions must be docu-mented. Second, employers should explain to employees why disciplinary actions were taken. Finally, employers must make consistent employee decisions. Course of Employment. If an employee at any time during the course of the employ-ment relationship violates an established work rule or does something which is inherently wrong (such as reporting to work drunk) documentation about this mat-ter should be placed in the personnel file 
and a copy of the document given to the em-
ployee. Additionally, the employer should briefly explain the circumstances of this 
warning to the employee. In most cases, the employee is not hearing anything from the 
employer that is unexpected. However, the process of explaining to the employee and giving him a copy of the same materials to be included in the personnel file is another step to prevent further problems with that individual. At this point, the employee is fully informed of why the action was taken. The employee may ask questions or have 
some comments. The essential point is that the employee knows what has happened and is less likely to go to the EEOC, alleging that the action was taken on the basis of race or sex, since the employer explained the reasons for the particular action. If an employee exceeds the job require-ments, then this should also be noted in the personnel file and a copy given to the em-ployee. This serves a similar purpose as written warnings: accurately reflecting in the personnel file the type of employee an individual has been. If it reaches a point where two employees are considered for a promotion, opening the personnel file should contribute to the decision of which employee to promote. Subjective Qualities. There are certain subjective characteristics, such as attitude and personality, which cannot be removed from jobs. A salesman is judged by the amount he sells, but is also judged accord-ing to those subjective factors. Also, an em-ployee may have a poor attitude on the job 
which is not only affecting his production, but the production of those around him. At-titude is important to successfully 
performing jobs and is not eliminated from 
consideration, simply because it is subjec-tive. The equal employment problems in the attitude and personality areas develop when employers give that as a reason for discipline or discharge without docu-
mentation identifying the problem and showing that it has been discussed with the employee. Layoffs. We read daily that employers are laying off employees in response to current economic conditions. Hopefully, the lawn care industry will not follow this trend. Layoffs notoriously cause sex, race and age discrimination charges because 
laid off employees feel that they were bet-ter workers than those retained. Seniority is an objective factor for laying off em-
ployees, age is not. If employers do not base layoffs according to seniority, then the per-sonnel files should explain the differences. Besides seniority, productivity and attend-ance are possible objective considerations 
for deciding which employees to lay off. Termination. If the decision is made to terminate an employee, the employer's ap-proach in the termination interview con-tibutes to whether the employee either buys a newspaper and looks for another job in the want ad section or goes to the EEOC. The proper way to handle a termination in-terview is to take the time to frankly ex-plain the reasons to the employee. At this 
point, the personnel file should sufficiently reflect the sensible employment decision to terminate an individual. Instead of explain-ing to the employee that he simply has not 
worked out, the employer should review with the employee the various factors 
which have contributed to the termination. By that time, the employee will have been given a copy of all the documentation relating to this decision, so really the em-
ployee will be prepared for the decision. Employers who resist initiating the pro-cedures discussed in this article frequently give two reasons. First, they have a record of no equal employment problems, so in-itiating these procedures is like telling a healthy individual to start exercising. Second, they explain that it takes too much time; they fear it will divert attention from primary business considerations. These 
assumptions are incorrect. Labor relations and equal employment are part of the 
business package, part of successful business management. Most employee per-sonnel files will remain thin, reflecting a generally satisfactory work force. The prevention procedures will reduce the pos-sibility of a dissatisfied employee affecting other employees or taking an employment problem from the lawn care employer's premises to the EEOC. Ultimately, the cost 
and effort of preventing equal employment problems will be substantially less than 
defending against an equal employment charge where prevention was ignored. 14 TURF o D < > oc H C/3 D Q Z u « < u z < J Guide to granular pesticides by Milton Kageyama, O.M. Scott 8- Sons, Marysville, Ohio The best turf pesticide in the world is of little value if it cannot be placed Š safely and econom-ically Š where it can do the most good. It takes research to identify the most optimal compound, es-tablish its effective dosage, analyze its mode of action, deter-mine application timing, and develop the best forms for ap-plication. Research at O.M. Scott & Sons, Marysville, Ohio, has shown that granular formula-tions are an effective product form for professional turf management. One factor in the wide pop-ularity of the granular pesticide system is that the product can be made in a variety of ways; vir-tually all formulations can be handled efficiently with relatively standard equipmentŠ from the manufacturer to the user. By selecting the right in-gredient and manufacturing method, the pesticide formulator obtains control over such critical factors as granule size, chemical dilution (concentration), han-
dling characteristics, release rate 
and phytotoxicity, which have a marked effect on the spectrum of activity against the target pest. In general, there are four com-monly used ways of making granular pesticides: Ł Spraying the toxicant solution onto a carrier material. Ł Blending a pesticide with a carrier and adhering the two together with a sticking agent. Ł Agglomeration Š making a dough by mixing pesticide, carrier and other additives with a liquid, extruding the mass into pellets, and then drying and 
crushing the pellets into granules. Ł Encapsulation Š enclosing droplets of pesticide within a 
carrier. There are various carrier materials usable in each granula-tion method, and some carriers are suitable for making granules by several techniques. 
Generally, the carrier material is neutral, that is, it has no turf 
function. Examples of non-
fertilizer carriers include ver-miculite, attapulgite clay, sand, limestone and ground corncobs. In some cases, however, a multi-action granule is employed. An 
example would be the granular pesticide that is formulated on a fertilizer carrier. One basic aim of putting a turf chemical on a carrier at a low rate of active ingredients is to ob-tain even distribution over the s ... boohs ... boohs Fanp business Management TREE FARM BUSINESS by James Vardaman A guide to help you increase profits from tree farming. Major problems confronting large and small tree farms and how to meet them including recommendations for seeking out accountants, lawyers and other professionals. $16.00 GUIDE TO TREES by Simon & Schuster Beginner and experts reference to 300 trees with 350 full-color illustrations. This authoritative guide supplies you with a full description of size, color, shape, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds; information on habitat, propagation and growth conditions PLUS a hardiness zone maps, glossary and index. $18.00 hardback $8.00 paperback SMüN&SdUSÍEK Û„ TO t JJjw DISEASES OF TURFGRASSES by Houston Couch Reference for identification and control of fungus and nematode-incited diseases. This 2nd edition features new varieties of potentially hazardous turfgrass diseases, also pesticide regulation changes and more efficient fungicides on the market. $27.00 MANUAL OF WOODY LANDSCAPE PLANTS by Michael Dirr A teaching text and reference on ornamental deciduous trees, shrubs, ground cover and vines. Provides identification characteristics with ornamental and cultural features all in one volume. $19.00 SHRUB IDENTIFICATION by George Symonds Pictorial key to identify shrubs. Contains more than 3,500 illustrations to check specimens. Popular and botanical names are ?;iven for each shrub with handy index tabs or quick reference. $18.00 hardback $8.00 paperback TREE SURGERY by P.H. Bridgemart This practical guide to equipment and operation methods attempts to give an up-to-date picture of the modern industry. Includes illustrative photographs and detailed line drawings. $16.00 TREE CARE by John M. Haller Urban trees are subjected to every kind of environmental stress and abuse requiring continuous attention to keep them healthy. 
This book gives you the how-to's of planting, feeding, pruning, repairing and defending trees against their enemies with 
special coverage of environmental damage and miscellaneous troubles. $9.00 SOILS & SOIL FERTILITY by Thompson and Troeh Fourth edition. Comprehensive textbook and reference guide for tne study of soil fertility and soil science. Several chapters devoted to specific soil amendments, soil management and conservation. $20.00 WEED SCIENCE by Glenn C. Klingman, Floyd M. Ash ton Source for those concerned with weeds. Thoroughly indexed, tabled and illustrated. Effective classroom aid and research reference. Explains more than 100 herbicides, their uses. Includes chapters on soil sterilants and total vegetation control. 
$20.00 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY by Louis L. Pyenson Limited to the study of insects, related forms, nematode and plant pathogens. Discusses nature and control of tnese pests in a simple and concise fashion. "'$21.00 ANd orten. SOILS AND OTHER GROWTH MEDIA by A.W. Flegmann, Raymond George Presenting a modern view of the chemical and physical aspects of soils as the 
environment of plant roots on a molecular scale, together with an up-to-date evaluation of field soils and currently used growth media. 
$10.00 THE PRUNING MANUAL by Everett P. Christopher Latest information on pruning fruit and shade trees, ornamental shrubs and roses. 100 diagrams and photographs. Sections also devoted to forestry, grafting, root pruning, wound treatment and tools. $10.00 Mail to: Book Dept. Harvest Business Publications 9800 Detroit Avenue. Cleveland, OH 44102 Master Card or Visa (Circle one) Acct. No Expiration Date-Name Address City State. -Zip. Signature Please send the following books. I have enclosed a check or authorized a charge for the total amount. Title Quantity Price Total Price Add $1.25 per book for handling and shipping. Total enclosed target area. This often calls for dilution of the chemical, and the extent of dilution is generally 
determined by considerable field trial work. Vermiculite is 
one example of a carrier that has a high absorptive capacity and allows a wide latitude of dilu-tion. Safety factors: A formulation containing a high percentage of the active ingredient is not necessarily the major objective. 
Highly toxic pesticides, for ex-ample, can be formulated as low 
concentrate granules to improve handling safety. Ethoprop in liq-quid form is quite toxic; how-
ever, there is a five percent ac-tive granule for turfgrass use that presents a reduced hazard to the user from an ingestion and skin 
contact standpoint. Carrier composition has a bearing on the choice of carrier. 
Some carriers enhance the 
stability and shelf life of the finished product; others can ac-tually hasten its decomposition. The acidity or alkalinity (pH) of the carrier is a characteristic that can influence the stability of the 
pesticide. Vermiculite, for exam-
ple, can be weakly acidic (pH 6) 
or definitely basic (pH 9); 
limestone is strongly basic (pH 9 to pH 12). Within limits, 
additions of other chemicals can 
overcome certain pH/pesticide incompatability problems. On the site: Simply putting a pesticide on a compatible granule, of course, is not enough Š it is essential to put the pesti-cide where it can do its job. For turf care products, there are two main target sites: the 
foliage (of the grass or of the 
weed) and thatch/soil zone. To generalize, pesticides for application to foliage (including 
fungicides, such as anilazine and 
chlorothalonil; herbicides 2,4-D; MCPP and DSMA) work best on 
relatively small, low-bulk granules that adhere well when applied to dew-moist foliage. The granules must stay on the foliage until the active ingredient 
is released. It often takes con-siderable experimentation with sticking agents, carriers and additives, before the ideal 
formula is identified. In the case of pesticides that are applied to the thatch/soil 
zone one of two modes of action is often involved: (a) direct con-tact with the pest (e.g., typical of 
pre-emergent herbicides such as bensulide, benefin, or oxa-diazon, a soil fungicide such as pentachloronitrobenzene, or a 
contact insecticide) and (b) up-take by plant roots and trans-location throughout the plant (systemic fungicides such as benomyl and thiophanate-methyl). The nature of the organism to be controlled in the thatch/soil zone and the mode of action of the pesticide must both be con-sidered in preparing a pesticide formulation. Granular formulations have been greatly improved in the last 30 years, and in many cases, they have proved to be the applica-tion method of choice. There is still room for improvement, and as newer pesticides are 
developed, a granular means of applying them will be developed that will prove popular, effective and economical. y v / m . -i it Glade grows in up to 60% shade What's your problemŠtrees with only a straggle of grass? Near sides of build-ings with bleak tufts of pale green? Maybe Glade can help! Sow it under trees and beside buildings. Glade will grow in up to 60% shade because of improved resistance to powdery mildew. Glade has a better-than-average resist-ance to Fusarium blight, making it a prime ingredient in professional turf-grass mixes. and in 100% sun. Open sunny stretches are equally perfect for Glade's deep green turf. Glade's rhizome and root system form a deep, close-knitted sod. Low-growing, Glade germi-nates and establishes quickly. A Rutgers selection (tested as P-29), Glade Kentucky bluegrass is your guarantee of physically pure and genetically true seeds. Ask for Glade at your local wholesale seed distributor. Ł mx1: Kentucky bluegrass U.S. Plant Patent 3151 Another fine. quality-controlled product of Jacklin Seed Company. MARKETING IDEA FILE Subcontracting specialty work Many landscape firms have found it is frequently more ef-ficient to subcontract specialty work. In a mail survey of National Landscape Association members regarding their subcontracting practices, 147 firms responded. Generally 
speaking, NLA members do not subcontract seeding and 
sodding; sometimes subcontract grading and stonework (patios, walks and walls); and usually subcontract installa-tion of sprinkling systems, fences and pools. In the case of spraying trees, shrubs and lawns, it was a toss-up between "usually," "sometimes," and "never" subcontracting. In all types of work subcontracted, except pools, most firms do charge a mark-up. In the case of seeding and sodding sub-contracting, the practice of doing it yourself is by far most strongly established in the Northeast. In all regions except the South, the number of firms "usually" doing their own seeding and sodding exceeded the number who "sometimes" or "never" subcontract this work. In the South, however, the number "sometimes" subcontracting these jobs exceeded the 
number reporting either "never" or "usually." In the case of subcontracting sprinkler systems, over one half responded they "usually" subcontract this work. "Never" was the next highest response with only 13 percent indicating "sometimes." It was interesting that responses regarding subcontracting spraying were almost equally distributed among "never," "sometimes" and usually." For seeding, 48 percent said they "never" subcontract, 34 percent said they "sometimes" subcontract, 18 percent said they "usually" subcontract, and 88 percent said they mark up 
the subcontract. For sodding, 51 percent said "never," 32 percent said "sometimes," and 16 percent said "usually," and 89 percent said they mark up. For sprinkler systems, 31 percent said "never," 13 percent said "sometimes," 56 percent said 
"usually," and 77 percent mark up. For spraying, 39 percent said "never," 33 percent said "sometimes," and 28 percent said "usually," and 71 percent mark up. ŁŁŁŁ Finally, An Aid For Teaching Turf grass Superintendents, Contractors, Lawn Care Managers. New, On-the-Job Reference. The Turf Managers' Handbook is a compre-hensive. organized approach to turfgrass science and care. It has been designed and written by leading turf specialists from Purdue. Dr. William Daniel and Dr. Ray Freeborg, for on-the-job reference and as a text for students. The book contains 150 illustrations and 96 color photographs. Data includes 240 tables and forms. Included are specifications for rootzones. employment, calculations for chemical applications, and extensive metric-imperial conversion. Business and technical aspects of turfgrass management are covered in this 424-page book. Planning, purchasing, hiring, construction, and plant selection are put together for easy on-the-job reference. Markets covered include lawn care, sod production, golf course nanagement. cemeteries, athletic fields, .nd low maintenance areas. If it concerns turf, it's in the Turf Managers' Handbook. TU mana' Hann BOOK Ordering Information Signature . Please send _ . copies of the hardback ($18 95 ea ) _ copies of the paperback ($14 95 ea.) A shipping charge of $1.25 per book must be added A check or money order for ______ la enclosed. Please charge to my VISA or MASTER CHARGE (circle one) account no. . expiration date I understand that delivery may take six to eight weeks Quantity and bookstore rates available upon request City. -Zip-Send to Books Department Business Publications Division Harvest Publishing Company 9800 Detroit Ave Cleveland. OH 44102 H MSMA from page 1 Rhode Island from DSMA (dis-odium methanearsonate) and MSMA. However, it was neces-sary to apply DSMA at a higher rate than MSMA for equal con-trol. The Rhode Island tests were conducted by B.B. Hesseltine and J.A. Jagschitz. Since information was not available in Georgia on perfor-mance of DSMA, Dr. Johnson conducted the study to deter-mine rates of DSMA needed to equal MSMA for post-emergence crabgrass control in single and multiple year treatments and dif-ference in tolerance of Kentucky 
bluegrass turf to these treatments. DSMA and MSMA were each applied at 0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 pounds per acre in single and repeated applications for crab-grass control in Kentucky blue-grass turf. First treatments were applied around July 20, followed 
by a second treatment about 12 days later. All treatments were applied in 40 gallons water per 
acre. Turf at one site was fertilized in the spring and fall with 10-10-10 fertilizer at the rate of 10 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Ammonium nitrate (33.5 percent N) was applied as needed to maintain optimum growing con-ditions at three pounds per 1,000 square feet. Turf at a second site was managed the same as the sur-
rounding turf (this was on a golf course). The turf was mowed regularly at one-and-one-half inches to two 
inches at both locations. Experiments were located in turf infested with crabgrass with populations of 75 percent or higher each year. Weed control ratings were based on a scale of 0 to 100 where 90 to 100 represented excellent control, 80 to 89 good control, and below 80 as poor and unaccept-able control. Turf appearance 
ratings were based on a scale of 
one to 10 where one equalled turf that was brown or dead and 10 a dark green color. Dr. Johnson said thare was no benefit in crabgrass control from either MSMA or DSMA 
treatments applied to the same 
plots for two years at the first site when compared with single-year treatments. This indicates that 
these post-emergence treatments 
must be repeated each year for effective crabgrass control, he said. Neither MSMA or DSMA has been shown to prevent crabgrass 
seed from germinating. Since the turf was infested with a severe crabgrass population, the seed in the soil will continue to germ-inate and treatments were needed for more than one year 
for effective control. For excellent crabgrass control over the two-year period, it was necessary to apply MSMA at two pounds per acre and DSMA at three pounds per acre in each of 
two applications. DSMA con-trolled an average of 88 percent crabgrass when treated twice at the two pounds per acre rate. Two applications of DSMA at two pounds per acre controlled 97 percent of crabgrass in 1978, but the control was reduced below 90 percent from the treat-ment the following year. This indicates that DSMA must be applied at a higher rate than MSMA for effective crabgrass control, Dr. Johnson said. None 
of the herbicides controlled crabgrass except when applied 
in two applications. This agrees 
with previous test results. These results indicate that ef-fective crabgrass control can be 
obtained with either DSMA or MSMA by selecting the correct 
rate of application for each 
chemical. Dr. Johnson said the ap-pearance of Kentucky bluegrass was similar from MSMA and DSMA treatments in 1978. The initial turf injury was more from 
all treatments in 1979 than the previous year. In all instances, 
MSMA injured the turf more than DSMA when each was ap-plied at the same rate. The higher turf injury in 1979 was probably related to higher temperatures immediately after treatment. Durwood G. Roric, Jr., President, United Air Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. J May we provide some for you? Write: Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce Industry and Trade Administration, BED-21 Washington, D.C. 20230. A Public Servie* of This Magazine A The Advertising Council Your life could be easier with The low-burn-potential, true solution nitrogen for lawn and turf professionals Reduced burning. Quick green-up. Nitrogen released in one season. Improved performance over dry products. No agitation, clogging or bag handling. No aggravation. These are the benefits that help make your lawn care service program easier throughout the season. FORMOLENE nitrogen fertilizer is a clear water solution of synthetic non-protein organic nitrogen, based on methylol-ureas and urea, ready for easy blending with other nutrients. Because of uptake efficiency through foliage and root systems, FORMOLENE fertilizer provides the econ-omy you need with the color response and healthy turf your customers like to see. And it can be used on any kind of turf as part of your year-round lawn care spray program. In spring, FORMOLENE nitrogen fertilizer quickly greens turf, but without that burst of growth that leads to disease and excessive mowing schedules. During the hot, dry summer, FORMOLENE nitrogen won't burn when used as directed, but delivers steady growth with adequate watering while retaining healthy turf color. For fall lawn care programs, you can count on FORMOLENE fertilizer to help strengthen root formation and support winter carryover of nitrogen for a healthy growth start the following spring. FORMOLENE fertilizer has a 30-0-2 analysis and blends easily with other solution nutrients and most turf herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. It can be used at rates as high as 2 lb per 1,000 sq. ft., per application, without burning. And rates of less than 1 lb per 1,000 sq. ft. can yield excellent results, providing an edge in economy and efficiency over many nitrogen sources. This easy-to-handle nitrogen fertilizer is available from Ashland in 20-ton tank truck loads. Smaller quantities, and complete N-P-K blend concentrates based on FORMOLENE, are available from authorized dealers. In short, FORMOLENE fertilizer provides the ideal basis for putting nitrogen on your cus-tomers' lawns with a minimum of aggravation. We'll be glad to tell you more. Write Ashland Chemical Company, Chemical Systems Division, Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216. Or call one of our FORMOLENE experts at (614) 889-3490 or 889-4655. "Trademark, Ashland Oil. Inc Ashland, Ashland Chemical Company DIVISION OF ASHLANO OIL. INC. 18 What happens when you dynamite a dandelion? o < > oc H co D Q Z w « < u z £ < J 1. The Charge is ready to go. 2. Pow! That should do it YNJ J- -4 But a few weeks later, the dandelion is back! 3. There's the hole the dynamite made To dramatize how persistent a dandelion can be, one of the editors of "Lawn Care," O.M. Scott & Sons' seasonal magazine for lawn owners, commissioned a demolition expert to set off a stick of aynamite on top of a healthy dandelion. When the smoke cleared there was an impressive hole, but a few weeks later a new dandelion plant broke ground, reincarnated from the remains of the root. Worse yet, the ground around the explosion was bared by the blast, enabling other dandelions that had not appeared before to sprout. ORNAMENTALS Pruning, fertilization can salvage boxwoods Many of the old and abandoned boxwood plantings throughout 
customer landscapes in Mary-land and other states could be 
salvaged by ambitious pruning and proper fertilization, accord-
ing to two extension horti-
culturists from the University of Maryland. William Gould, Jr., extension landscape architecture specialist and assistant professor of horti-
culture, points out that boxwood is very receptive to shearing to almost any shape. For old, overgrown boxwood shrubs found in many locations, Gould suggests that pruning into tree form may sometimes be ad-visable. He notes that these large shrubs are potentially very 
valuable and should be fairly transplantable with commercial Monsanto Cleaning up a weedy fairway doesn't have to be a slow, messy job for youŠor a hardship for your golfers. Roundup* herbicide helps make renovation fast and efficientŠas Grounds Superintendent Dave Portz discovered last year. "If we had chosen to plow the course under, we wouldVe had to close it',' Dave says. Instead, he applied Roundup on 14 weedy fairways, and reopened the course the same day. While Roundup worked, the members played over the dying turf, with no problems. The membersŠand DaveŠliked that. They were glad, too, that Roundup won't wash, leach or volatilize to injure desirable plants along the fairway. Dave simply took precautions against spray drift. This year, reach for Roundup to control many tough weeds. It can make turf renovation fast and efficient for youŠand leave a lot more playing time for your golfers. For literature, call 1-800-621-5800, or in Illinois, 1-800-972-5858. Write 122 on reader service card ALWAYS READ AMD FOLLOW LABEL FOR ROUMDCJR RI-801 ID Roundup* is a registered trademark of Monsanto Co. © Monsanto Company 1980 There's never been a herbicide like this before. landscaping equipment since 
they are typically shallow-rooted. For home landscaping pur-poses, boxwoods provide a great 
natural edging material for 
defining outdoor areas. They grow well in the shade of deep-rooted trees like oak, and they 
can be used in conjunction with trees to help give scale to the landscape design. Since they are slow-growing, the young plants can be spaced close together. Then, when they 
begin to get crowded, you can dig 
out alternate shrubs and start a 
new planting at another location. Too much acid fertilizer in re-cent years has slowed the growth of many boxwood plantings Š already noted as slow growers Š 
and made them susceptible to disease problems, says Dr. Francis R. Gouin, extension or-namentals specialist and pro-
fessor of horticulture. Because it is a broadleaf evergreen, boxwood is often 
lumped with such shrubs as azaleas, rhododendrons and mountain laurel, which are acid-loving plants. But unlike its broadleaf counterparts, box-
wood is not of Oriental or native American origin, Dr. Gouin points out. It was brought to this country by early English settlers 
who found it thriving in their homeland where the soil con-tains rather high amounts of limestone. Dr. Gouin recommends that lawn care businessmen dress their customer's boxwoods periodically with dolomitic limestone and plenty of nitrogen 
fertilizer. Also, if you have access to composted sewage 
sludge or barnyard manure, either material makes an ideal mulch for established boxwood plantings. Both Dr. Gouin and Gould stress that insects may be a prob-lem in old, abandoned plantings. Boxwood leaf miner and psyllid, 
both potentially serious pests, should be controlled by spraying if you are trying to re-juvenate old plantings, or start-ing new plants nearby. When establishing a new planting, remember that box-wood grows best in well-drained, 
aerated soils with a pH between 6.5 and 7.2. Royal Coach buys Buckner Irrigation Royal Coach Sprinklers, Inc., a Fresno, California-based irriga-tion equipment manufacturer, has purchased the Buckner Irrigation System Division from Johns-Manville, Denver, Colorado. The sale price was not announced. "The two product lines will be consolidated into one brand, Royal Coach-Buckner, making the total package one of the most complete in the industry," James R. Coson, president of Royal Coach, said. "We plan to keep all of the Buckner distributors who wish to join our firm. The addition of these firms to the Royal Coach distributors gives us excellent distribution and service throughout the United States and 
the world," When Dave Portz renovated 14 fairways with Roundup", the members played the same day he sprayed. Eight good reasons to join the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. l. "An annual national lawn care convention for the professional exchange of new ideas and operating know-how, and a chance to meet with suppliers/' Rick White, Village Green Lawn Spraying, West Chicago, III. "Consumer education ... informing potential customers of the advantages of lawn care and the importance of putting the proper care of lawns into the hands of dedicated, trained, skilled professionals." Tom Brune, Atwood Lawn Spray, Sterling Heights, Mich. 3. "Conferences, clinics and workshops aimed at continuing management education for today's business climate and conditions relating to the lawn care industry." Jim Kelly, Keystone Lawn Spray, Wayne, Pa. 4. 5. "Specially designed training programs for sales, service and supervisory employes of member firms to teach the fundamentals of business, customer relations, lawn care technology and the importance of economics to business success." Gordon Ober, Davey Lawnscape Service, Kent, Ohio "Government relations ... PLCAA, as a spokesman for the entire industry, can present 
our interests with greater force and 
effectiveness than can an individual company. Government legislation is going to affect our 
industry more and more, and we have to make 
our needs known." Ronnie Zwiebel, Chem-Care Lawn Service, Birmingham, Ala. "Establishment of acceptable technical, ethical and safety standards to guide existing lawn care businesses and newcomers to the industry." Dr. Paul Schnare, Atkins Lawn Care, Columbia, Mo. 7. "Association funding for the specific research and development we need for the lawn care industry." Frank Stevens, Pro-Lawn-Plus, Baltimore, Md. "Surveys to enable each PLCAA member company to compare its performance against the average performance of all member companies and to compare business performance factors, such as sales volume, profit, investment and growth." 
Marty Erbaugh, Lawnmark Associates, Peninsula, Ohio These are only some of the things the lawn care industry as a whole can accomplish through the Professional Lawn Care Association of America. Ours is a young industry, we need to be recognized as professionals and the experts we are. We need to get the word out about the lawn care industry to potential customers, suppliers to the industry and to government at the local, state and federal level. We can t do it alone. We need the support of the entire lawn care industry if we are to realize our goals. # # Tell me more. The Professional Lawn Care Association is off and running. Together we can make things happen. Grow with PLCAA. Complete this application for further information and mail it today. NAME COMPANY. STREET_ 
CITY TITLE--STATE--ZIP-Mail to: PLCAA Suite 1717 435 N. Michigan Ave. 
Chicago, IL 60611 20 o oo 05 o D < >< OC H 
co D 
O z W OC < u Z < 1-3 PRODUCTS Portable plow hooks up to most field tractors The Stover SS 24, from Stover Manufacturing Co., makes possi-ble fast underground installation of irrigation systems without trenching. This cost-practical vibratory plow system will cut up to 24 inches deep, but is com-pletely portable and adapts 
quickly to many types of stan-
dard tractors having a Category I three-point hitch and a power take off speed of 750 rpm or greater. One person operating the SS 24 can lay down up to 12,000 feet per hour of pipe depending on soil conditions, the manufacturer claims. The vibratory plow blade is raised and lowered hydrau-lically using controls on the trac-tor and power to the shaker is drawn from the power take off of the pulling unit. The angled blades cut deep consistently, and 
a variety of feed and pull-in 
blades can be ordered and easily changed to handle most needs. Write 909 on reader service card New pH computer The pH computer, available from Bill Lyons, quickly and ac-
curately determines the pH of thatch (trouble zone) and the soil 
laterally at each 1/4- to 1/2-inch zone. This pocketsize computer gives accurate readings in less than one minute and comes with a five-color Turf Manager's pH chart. Write 902 on reader service card Load without lifts A new model 40 Versa-Haul one ton trailer is now available from VJ Pausch Industries, Inc. This trailer features an all-steel 5- by 8-foot bed, which tilts backward forming a ramp for easy loading and unloading without the need 
for hydraulic lifts. The basic trailer is a flat-bed with integral 
tie-down points, mounted on a Nobody else builds power rakes like Ryan. For more than 18 years, the Ryan Mataway® and Ren-O-Thin® power rakes have set increasing standards of toughness, durability and performance. Here's why. (1) The Mataway's self-propelled upmilling action 
and 19" swath lets you cover up to 10,000 sq. ft. per hour; (2) Snap-in blade sets offer normal, wide or 7-hp Ren-O-Thin IV engine, or the economical 5-hp Ren-O-Thin III; (8) All Ryan power rakes are built to deflect debris from the 
operator as they power rake. With operating costs constantly rising, you need to get the most out of every 
hour's wage you pay. That takes a dependable crew, using dependable equipment. (3) A hefty 10-hp engine gives the Mataway mus-cle; (4) A micro-screw adjust-ment gives cutting depth control that's precise enough to deep slice greens accu-rately; (5) The Ren-O-Thin cuts a wide 18" swath; (6) A floating front axle follows the contours of your turf; (7) Choose the gutsy Like the Ryan Mataway and Ren-O-Thin. Ask your Ryan dealer for a demonstration, and see for 
yourself how we build power rakes. BO-CUR-4 & Ren-O-i tun Power Rakes R\AN TURF-CARE EQUIPMENT Day-In, Day-Out Performance 3056 Cushman P.O. Box 82409 Lincoln, NE 68501 AP INDEX Ashland Chemical 17 Diamond Shamrock 3 Dow Chemical 8, 9 Hahn, Ine 11 International Seeds, Ine 10 Jacklin Seed Co 7,15 Lofts Pedigreed Seed 24 Monsanto 4 
Pickseed 5 
PLCAA 19, 21 Ryan Turf 20 
Union Carbide 22, 23 Velsicol 18 Preserve Your Copies of LAWN CARE INDUSTRY in PER/MkNENT BINDERS jU' only $5.00 Custom-made binder easily holds entire years copies ot LCI magazine. Green binder with logo protects your magazines and gives your library a neat appearance. Magazines can be inserted as they are received. ...send check or money order to: (Add S1.25 per Binder Shipping Chg.) Allow 6-8 Weeks Delivery. LAWN CARE INDUSTRY 9800 Detroit Ave. Ł Cleveland, Ohio 44102 tubular steel axle with machined spindle for tapered roller bear-ings with six ply tires, 5 lug wheels. Optional features include formed steel carrier compart-ments for tools and accessories, a swivel-mounted tongue parking jack, "buddy cup" bearing lubricator, a spare wheel and tire. Write 901 on reader service card Preventive lawn care with new turf fungicide A new lawn fungicide product, ProTurf Fungicide VI, has been introduced by O. M. Scott & Sons. Designed to prevent and control dollar spot, brown patch, 
leaf spot and red leaf spot, the fungicide also controls Fusarium 
patch and is effective even on the ben zimidazole-tolerant strain of dollar spot. Fungicide VI ŁB-g^S® «»(10441«) For best results, the fungicide is recommended to be applied as a preventive to the development and spread of these fungus dis-
eases, as well as the thinning of turf frequently connected with 
them. Write 910 on reader service card Sprinkler directs water only where you need it Weather Tec. Corp. introduces its new 15-50 controlled impact spray arm. The new arm directs undesirable "splash" only to mk areas where you need it, eliminating the problem of slip-pery sidewalks, discolored 
fences and water stained windows. The anti-backsplash sprinkler can be used either in full circle or part circle operation. Write 903 on reader service card ? < o c 3 CO I-03 $ 3 o 03 D a c 
w Ło CO co' 3 c 3 >-D if o® & z o 8 £ Ł Ł > ICDÛ O c 5 3 2. c/> ® 2 w W o s 8 ro « o -< Mail To: Company Name Your Title First Initial -Š Š Middle Initial Š Š Š Š -Š Š 
Š Last Name --Š Š Last Name Š -Š 
Š CO Š t* Š Š Š Š Š 2 2 8 2 0(300 Hi en « fiil||||! t- if¡ils! Ł fffî * £ E £ la ° 1 1 * IUI Iii5 AUGUST 1980(Expires in 60 days) reader service card L/se this card to obtain more in formation... fast. Q-LU ÛC CO CO LU z CO ID CD D ARE YOU PLANNING TO EXHIBIT AT THE FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION AND TRADE SHOW OF THE PROFESSIONAL LAWN CARE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA? Commonwealth Convention Center Louisville, Kentucky November 12-14, 1980 "LAWN CARE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN THE 80V' Here's why you should exhibit: Ł Buyers from all parts of the country will be there. You will get national exposure. Ł You will see them at the time they are making decisions on orders for 1981. Ł Buyers can see what they are buying. Ł This will be the first major exhibit of the season. Ł You can show your equipment in operation, out of doors, on November 14. Ł You get one-on-one sales contact with the industry's decision makers. Ł You get the opportunity to view the Competition" drawn from many areas of the industry: Mowing equipment, liquid application equipment, dry application equipment, pesticides, fertilizers, enginesŠdiesel and gas, seed supplies, office equipment, computer software suppliers, direct mail, allied 
equipment suppliers, printing firms, tractors, trailers, merchandising aids. You will be participating in a major activity of the first national association devoted to the needs of the lawn care industry! A prospectus has been mailed to potential exhibitors. If you haven't received one, write now to Association headquarters. ^ Professional Lawn Care Association of America 435 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1717 Chicago, Illinois 60611 YES, I am interested in exhibiting at the First Annual Convention and Trade Show. Please send me a copy of your prospectus, with complete exhibitor information. Signed Company Address City/State/Zip 22 o D < > oc H to D D Z w a: < u z < J CLASSIFIED When answering ads where box number only is given, please address as follows: Box number, % LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY, Dorothy Lowe, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. Rates: 35c a word for line ads, 65c a word for display ads. Box numbers add $1 for mailing. All classified ads must be received by the publisher before the 10th of the month preceding publication and be accompanied by casn or money order of the month preceding publication and npanied by casn i covering lull payment. 
Mail aa copy to Dorothy Lowe, LAWN 
CARE INDUSTRY, Box 6951, Cleveland, 
Ohio 44101. USED EQUIPMENT MUST SELLŠ1979 750 gallon spray truck, compartmentalize tank, 100 G.P.M. pump, electric hose reel, like new, $12,000.00 or assume lease. Phone 216 951-5295. FOR SALE: Three spray trucks, 1976 and 1977 Chevy. C-60's, completely equipped with 1200 gallon steel tank, mechanical agitation, Bean 20-20 pump, Hannay electric reel, hose, etc. Complete units, excellent con-dition, ready for immediate use. Will sell separate or special combined price. Phone 502 897-5201 day or 502 896-0879 nights. HELP WANTED MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITY Š Fast growing, Michigan based firm 
seeking a creative, self-starting seasoned horticulturalist to assume responsibility for development and 
implementation of tree and shrub 
care division. Related product and ent salary and career growth otential. Sena resume and salary equipment knowledge imperative. 
Ex cell Pc history in confidence to Box 21, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. IMMEDIATE OPENING for 2 exper-
ienced persons devoted to the green industry and who take pride in doing a quality job. Salaries commensurate 
with experience. Spray foreman or 
forewoman to manage our spray division. Must either nave a degree 
in horticulture or 5 years experience in diagnosis of insects and diseases of ornamentals. Mechanical knowledge required to be responsi-ble for 3-4 sprayers and trucks. Landscape foreman or forewoman to take full responsibility for residen-tial landscapes. Plant knowledge re-quired. Must have an outgoing per-sonality to deal with homeowners. 5 years working experience necessary. Dennis Anderson & Wife, Inc., 312 438-4770, P.O. Box 702, Barrington, IL 60010. ADVERTISING SALES POSITION AVAILABLE with a growing specialty agri. magazine, Chicago territory. Requires individual with 1 
to 2 years chemical and equipment 
sales experience in the agri. or 
specialty agri. market at the dis-tributors level. Ad. space sales ex-perience desirable but not required. 
Salary plus commission, all ex-penses, a strong benefit program and plenty of room to advance. Reply to Box 20, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. WANTED TO BUY WANTED TO PURCHASE, granular lawn care companies in Midwest and South serving primarily residen-tial accounts, present management 
may stay, principals only, confiden-tial replys to Box 18, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. ACQUISITIONS WANTED: Lawn service company seeking growth through acquisition. Seeking firms servicing between 400 ana 1,500 customers. Team up with experi-ence. Key people retained. Smooth transition. Flexible. Write Box 19, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. FOR SALE LAWN MAINTENANCE BUSINESS, located in beautiful central Virginia, unlimited potential, owner desires to relocate. Write Box 22, Lawn Care Industry, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. SPRAYERSŠFACTORY DIRECT, professional gardeners, turf ap-plicators, proven dependability, unconditionally guaranteed. Black River Sprayers, Box 824, Andrews, S.C.29510. CHICAGO AREA lawn spraying serviceŠOver 1500 established ac-counts. Three fully-equipped 1981 trucks. All brand new spray equip-ment. All brand new office equip-ment and furnishings. Complete stock of warehouse supplies and parts. $179,000. Write: Box 23, Lawn Care, Box 6951, Cleveland, Ohio 44101. MISCELLANEOUS KELWAY SOIL pH TESTER, used by professionals everywhere. Direct reading, longlasting, portable, lightweight, no power source. Model HB-2 reads moisture too. Available through local distributors or contact Kel Instruments Co., Inc., Dept. L, 
P.O. Box 1869, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 201 471-3954. GREEN PRO EXECUTIVE NEWS-LETTER . . . designed for you if you are serious about your career in the Greens Industry . . . with an eye on success, professionalism and profits . .. and that's the bottom line! A weekly newsletter, a store house of 
immediately usable information 
delivered to your mailbox each 
week. Advice, ideas, customer rela-tions . . . many vital subjects designed for those in our industry who want to get ahead ... stay there! Write to Green Pro Executive News-letter, 380 S. Franklin St., 
Hempstead, New York 11550 or call 516 538-6444 for information and a 
free copy. GARDEN TIPS the monthly news-letter for you to send to your customers. Image building. Profit making. Better customer relations. It's yours, because your business name is on it. Your customer buys more, and respects you because of your thoughtfulness and knowledge. 
A positive low cost way to build your business and keep your customers. Tips, P.O. Box 117, Garden City, New York 11530 or call 516 483-0100. Write to Garden Slide show features tree appraisal formulas The latest audio/visual presenta-tion developed by the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA) is helping lawn care pro-fessionals understand how trees and other landscape plants are appraised, and what to do to recapture their values if they are 
damaged or destroyed by casualty events. The Tree Casualty Puzzle is a 15 minute slide-and-tape pro-
gram designed for professional groups as well as interested ser-vice and garden clubs. The program, consisting of tape-recorded narration and 60 35mm slides, is available on loan at a cost of $15. Purchase price is $75. Orders should be addressed to The Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers, 232 Southern Building, Washington, D.C.20005. Control 15 major lawn pests with versatile SEVIN carbaryl insecticide. They nip, munch, burrow and bite. As sure as grass is green, lawn pests will try to make life miserable. You can minimize the misery with SEVIN STOP! ALL PESTICIDES CAN BE HARMFUL TO HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT IF MISUSED. READ THE LABEL CARE-FULLY AND USE ONLY AS DIRECTED, insecticide And protect lawns from as many as 15 different problem pests. Both the most common ones and the worst: ants, bluegrass billbugs, chiggers, chinch bugs, cutworms, ear-wigs, European chafer, fall armyworm, fleas, green June beetle, leafhoppers, millipedes, mosquitoes, sod webworms (lawn moths) and ticks. Broad registration only starts the list of SEVIN benefits. It's also compatible with many other commonly used insecticides, miticides, fungicides and foliar nutri-ents. And residents can resume using the grounds or yard as soon as the spray dries. There's a choice of y BEHIND THIS ISSUE 23 The results are in for our 1980 LAWN CARE INDUSTRY Reader Profile and Purchase Decision Study. This once-a-year major study was conducted by market research manager Clarence Arnold. He said of the survey: "The purpose of the mail survey was to approximate the readership, market size and market structure of the industry. Our measurements included 1979 purchases of chemicals and equipment, along with in-come, profit and employment data. Pro-jections are based on mean responses and circulation figures. Coefficients of varia-tion of mean responses are available upon request. The names for the sample upon which this report is built were chosen by an nth name selection from all subscribers to LAWN CARE INDUSTRY. A letter and questionnaire, and a dollar bill incentive were mailed April 16. Five days later a follow-up post card was mailed. A follow-up letter and questionnaire were mailed to non-respondents only on May 5. Returns were closed May 26 with 53.6 percent of the original 500 contacts yielding a usable response." On page 1 of this issue, in the lower right-hand corner, you see the first information we have published from this report Š that the average reader of LAWN CARE IN-
DUSTRY grossed more than $117,000 in 1979. This figure is 16 percent over what readers said they grossed in 1978. Some other interesting information from the survey, which we will publish in up-coming issues deals with number of ac-
counts our readers deal with (4.3 million across the nation), before-tax profit on these accounts (average of $16,442), how 
much our readers expect their gross to in-
crease by the end of this year (17 percent), how much money was spent in 1979 for pur-chases of seed, chemicals and equipment, 
where purchases are made (locally, regionally or nationally), number of em-ployes, and how advertising dollars are spent. We will be bringing this information to you in the magazine. If you can't wait to read it there, drop me a line, and I'll send you a copy of the report. Pr M Y ; four formulations Š \ sprayable, wettable powder, flowables and SEVIMOl! 4, a liquid blend of SEVIN and molasses. Granules, dusts and baits 
are also available for certain specialized uses. Plus, SEVIN isn't harsh on the environment. It is bio-degradable; and when compared with other insecticides, it ranks low in toxi-city to people,animals, birds and fish. So it's probably no surprise to hear that SEVIN carbaryl is one of the largest selling insecticides in the United States today. For more i nformation about SEVI N contact your pesticide supplier or Union Carbide at the address below. Make SEVIN carbaryl insecticide your answer to pest control too. SEVIN CARBARYL INSECTICIDE IS THE ANSWER. SEVIN and SEVIMOL are registered trademarks of Union Carbide Corporation for carbaryl insecticide. UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC., 7825 Boymeodows Way, Jacksonville, FL 32216 PRODUCTION Fertilizer usage up five percent Fertilizer movement from U.S. producers showed an overall in-crease of five percent during the 11-month period of July 1979 to May 1980, compared to the same period a year ago, according to a report released last month by The Fertilizer Institute. "A fertilizer year is exactly that Š 12 months Š and the heavy fall movement offset a sluggish spring movement," said Ed Wheeler of the Institute. "While May 1980 domestic dis-appearance was 18 percent below the same month a year ago, the month of May was a re-cord setter. manager SURVEY from page 1 market research Clarence Arnold. Respondents were asked the question: "What were your gross receipts in 1979 for chemical ap-plication and mowing/mainte-
nance services?" According to Arnold, 39.9 per-cent of the readers have both 
chemical application and mowing/maintenance accounts. Also, 21.6 percent have only mowing/maintenance accounts and 14.9 percent have only 
chemical application accounts. Total projections of dollar figures to LAWN CARE IN-DUSTRY readership are based 
upon these percentages. Other areas surveyed in this report by Arnold were: numbers 
and kinds of accounts, annual receipts, profits and expect-ations, purchases and purchasing 
responsibility, time of purchas-
ing steps, places of purchase, ad-vertisements of lawn care busi-
nesses, employment, pass-along readership. Copies of the full report are available from: Bob Earley, editor/associate publisher, LAWN CARE INDUSTRY, 9800 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102, 216-651-5500. Specific questions about the survey should be directed to Arnold at the same address and phone. tr > ? Z n > 33 m Z a c CD 33 > c o "After 56 years in landscaping we've had some unusual requests. But never before had we been asked to landscape an exposed roof in the middle of a city. "The roof was on the third story of the Renaissance Center in downtown Detroit. All the materials had to be lifted by crane. We had to create an artificial ground. We put over 1,000 tons of stone down . . . covered that with a matted fiber and topped it with 6" of topsoil. Then we laid almost 3 acres of sod up here. Of course a good irrigation system had to be installed. "When we chose the grasses for the sod, there were several things we were looking for: First it had to be a great-looking grass. Then it had to be tough enough to survive under the artificial conditions. And we knew we'd have to keep good color, so it had to be disease resistant even with heavy fertilization. "We chose to use Baron in our mix. And it's given us all we expected and more. We never expected this turf to be taking the abuse it is. Jogging, dancing, concerts, you name it. And since we maintain these grounds too, it's still up to us to keep it looking good. It's not easy under these adverse conditions, but it's a lot easier with Baron." 1 I 'U LOFTS m KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS 0Ì ? T M 11 it Melanie Reinhold, William Reinhoid Landscaping, Flat Rock, Ml. L' r Sunbelt Seed», Inc. Great Western Seed Co., Inc. Loft/Kellogg Seed Co., Inc. Oseco, Inc. 205$ Tucker Industrial Road Albany, OR 97321 Milwaukee, Wt 53201 Brampton, Ontario Tucker, GA 30084 (503) 926-5892 <414) 276-0373 (416) 846-5080 (404)491-1311 ¿Lofts/New England ' ll* t*I*J