~~_,‘.VOL. VII, No. 19; ‘ ' ' " ' ~. 1 MT} CLEMENS, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY,. JANUARY 17,1920. " iThé-Ohly‘"Independent Far—mér’sfi Weekly aned and Edited in. Michigan aha” ' ’ WEEK-i t .‘q tr "2mm“ (,9 , W - - 5- ,. Equip .me “farinwithaa- KALAMAZMQSH as ’ m; tan point we __ V - With fideancf *tru'thfufly saw “There is Home miter Earm m Win .. , boug 't the KALAMAZOO 29 ' years ago are still sayin that today. _ r. a l i j The)” are; thetmrenv WhfliéfiNflW591A8EWabOfl-t t em. The If ' i ' KALWWWWV mapmra ; . n ' if ' exr‘erts, Me'l‘aadomcd-é everyMcemr-timpr F, ,--‘2-’-Tvxzaxw‘€€} ' \ 3 _5 , ernen wo. by of KAIA-M‘AZOO en: 3.3.: dorsement. Your interests as a farmer are our interests, and whatever goes. to on “ ‘ , ii , ‘ WWWWWWTWC .31 l 3 i z ’ ‘ SEND US YOUR NAME, and-2:1 ,f _‘ l 3». .2. cat? m M MT 55* reserve“- byretum mafia-”the Eéoki i 5' ‘ ' , ‘ - L 5 that Tells all about. the KALAMAZOO... Our Tile Silos.».haves 5. ‘5 E ‘l l 1;; _':_{ ' 5 justly earned the title “Permanent as thePyramids,”i: .. i L » j . a ' 5, . andlroura W Stazves‘Sil’os have. 5'tlIe-longestzrecord: a ' I I I * ’- '7 5 ' ‘ 9 p. ‘ ~of service-behindethem of‘any silos in eidstence.” L .7 i . 9 ’04 . a Isn’t thatpennnghxtmemyinne.youthatgr ' .. . Of‘ ”@91' 6" - you should at least IN VESTIGAI Ea . 511° 7 the KALAMAZOQ before} » . 5 you buy ? , 5 _. _ 1 Write todungorii ; . I _ in: boo/21:5 — T} l __ Kg: 5. 5i — - '_ :1F 3st” «:QZ‘gJLL 5 5 Lad?! ;, 5, 3.3:»:- av; :6. t at “"1”: ”M: $2.23 ":"::. '1. it “ ' “— 'i ’ The - , 5 5i" . . :;===-——--—-—-— ; '15 Indestructible .. n . g _- Glazed Tile 51le - lg? -' i Made from Glazed Tile of the’sp’ecial; ' ,r- 5' i KALAMAZOO pattern, triple dead air spaces ~ Tag. and keyed, dove-tailed mortar joints; Strongest con. » struction made. Air—tight, moisture—proofi. will not decay; . . _ . _ 1 5. burn up or blow- down. Anehored by its; own weight. Easy'to erect by? ;,====.-;=:—.= ) 5 1 our special method A monument of industry for your farm that will last .. f 5 : . .’ i g for ages and save its cost many times over. We ship: blocks: from. marryl .- 5 . , - 3 . a — different points, and will save money for you. on. freight: charges. jun-sun i ‘ .7: Wood Stave Silos ' ~ . 5- r KALAMAZOO Silos received the first patent ever issued. That they have i' ' 5 ,4 9 5 i .i. i , given unquestioned satisfaction for over 29 years is our best recommen— Z . 3-; i dation. They are still in the lead. Your_choice of five different kinds of ==‘=~~ . j 7. guys] g Wood. When built they are as tight as a Jug, perfect ensilage savers. The " ' 5 ' g time-tried Silo Success. Erect it yourself. No nails, no screws. , I All Kalamazoo Silos equipped with continuous doors and galvanized 1 “Nu-J4. K ‘ =i steel door frames, insuring great strength and preventing sticking of doors w ,, _ i and admitting of air or moisture. Every silo. convenience worthy of your .0D . ‘ acceptance is found in the KALAMAZOO. Easy Terms, Order now. Pay later. Let tlzeSz'lo éeeamz'ngforyam "Be: readytamvfifz. the entire 19205 crop this time. - lee’ Silo Hart: makes. éigg'ar‘famxpmfim. Sandals; .. your name TODfl Y. Investigate the Kalamazoa—Emilage Cutter. Nanefirtter-anywhrwa' . , , 3’. AZ: TARK & 5151.0 co mm. 201“ _. “’g"; iinl Iflflllll I -" .. . militia! ‘. (. ’ 2T" 1‘ n . ‘ I ill 9“ ,.‘. militia 1..- I? Hunlllu in . I 3" inimuiinnimmmmuinmn .q 7. I. ‘1 , niilil ‘.'l inmmmm ilmllmmuun :.—,~ .l.u u. .i, ,‘ IInIIIIuIInIIi1nIImmnllilnilnlmflminminimum Q‘. "l‘l “mini Illinmi‘ u ‘mmlmmui . l .. llllllllllllllllllfllfllIllllfllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllmllllll All Appeal ‘Ol‘ 4 7 GOVERNMENT that is :of,rby and for the-people is like an ~ "intricatevpieee of machinery. The only great difference is ‘ the human equation. The cogs, wheels, pinions, bolts, shafts and elevers. of' the machine take the form of .menand-women in the government, Who-being human, donot- perform their allotted tasks quite sofaithfiully. and well as do the. parts of the machine. «7 Butlthe twoare alike in many respects. The wheels must have ' (an occasional cleaning; they clog with dirt and do not run smoothly. Parts must‘be frequently examined and replaced; them are oftenadefects in the material; it becomes worn and use- ' 1* less and threatens to: interfere with “.thef'e'fiicient operation of the i : ‘Acntire'machine. . 'We are'supposed tobe living in an age of wonderful eflic- .,.i.iency.. .IO.ur.-faetories and ourfarms and our public utilities are «composed ztoabe models of :system, rendering maximum service at ' “"mi'ninrumwcosm 1But the thing that ought toabe the special ob- ..ject‘ofcour pride..an'd.'soli‘citude,—our. governmeht,—is in a lag mentibleveondition «if-disorder bordering closely on the chaotic. all‘hriszwould not be so bad were the people who are the real mak- scersmndnouretakers of: government impressed with the need and ardesireiforitaking'prompt steps to curb the .wastefulness, repair ‘ V_the damaged 'ipa'rts, discharge“ :the-ienstodians. who {have , permit- . .l‘tedeitto fall ,into...such adisgraceful reendition, and “fill ' their :2aplaces.uwith.men of . character. , , We need to‘hark 'back toathe founderszof .this government and relearnour lessons on. democracy and medutiesziasicitizens. aGeoug‘eWashing-tonris speaking. 'It isihis farewell address. ’ ' """l'l‘h‘e Unity of Government,~rmhieh-rconstitutes -you..~one,.people, ‘ '-‘-'ls‘-alsa‘-now dea-r‘rto you—4t: is justly so;..-for it is a main Pillar in the ”(Emacs rotyour real independence; the support of your tranquility ‘~"*“iat home; your peace abroad; ofryourlliberity; of your prosperity in ”novelty shape; "of t’hat'rv'ery Liberian-which yourso highly prize * * * it ‘r‘ls‘vbf-d'n'flnitemomen'tpthatyou should properly estimate the immense “*rvalu'dv! your'nationals'-union to. youroollective and individual‘hap- «- .vépinesetmthat‘yowsh'ould ‘eherish «a cordial, ihvabiitual and immovable ,fifiattaeirment ‘todtraccrrstom'ing yourselvesnto rth-imk and speak of has ‘~ ‘o'f’fitlre‘if'aliadmm'ef yam-”political safety and prosperity; ‘watchdng ' *‘zforfl'tr'presemttonvwitlf jealous ,anxiety. * * * "' It is a noteworthyiéact that the 'iearly days of the .Bepn’blic -, , t‘upamlucodtmanyzof 51th motion ’5 -most .able and: distinguished dead- ere. 1' ; Whis/ can be legally :eufdenstood. ' .aThe .hard-won freedom. was ' dike 'at-rare‘rjewelrifarimore prooimas‘ than'athe: lives it had :cost. =._;aneesecured,o.it must .begmadc secure. “It could not bee‘entrusted use carelession deceitfulahands. . It. must be: surrounded and guarded by'proven menrrwhosegpledgetowthe{government would 3 "be 'held 'inviolate. -0nruforefathens laid? down ’rigid require- mments for the protectors of their neW‘govei'nm'ent. Thus, only the w, bestvmen-of :thanation’came forward ‘to.direct the aifairs of gov- ! ~ernment,’iand we mayxzreasonablywbelieve that the most of them were ‘moved ‘by ar'sincere‘vdesire to :aid‘the smuggling Republic . than stoisecure emptytpolitica’l'honors for themselves. . "iTime‘has wrought-great changes;the infant Republic has grown intol'stalwart manhood, .:,=and- those who, in periods ’of its immaturity watche'd’with‘ anxious eyes when dangers threat- ened, have long ‘sincecrelaxed‘their vigilance leaving the Repubi lie to the mercy of its enemies. ”The motive for seeking office has largely changed from a desire to serve to a desire to be served. Men of evilintent aspire to office: and; gain office by evil methods to which good men will not-stoop. Consequently there is -.corruption in high places; the dirt of graft-clogs up the wheels of government; cariess men are‘at 'ther'l'evers'; "everywhere is ev- idence'of inefficiency and waste of energy. The ignorance of the average citizen of the, workings of the ' government is truly appalling. If he but knew, the opportunifi .. fiesthat-erxist for unscrupulous men in official positionstoinflu- tence andxeorrupt-':other.».public servants «with/whom they; come vim contact: sorwas fully impressedwith thereonsequence‘s ofvicions . .. laws ‘orf-total indifferenceuto the need for. good. laWs his: -attiu1de - . :imd“fpnfities,’i/the ‘ééscience‘of.rrgovernment’hwould quickly : . rnm’ . .. . - . . mid ”heswaujld«.bewasameticulousiin the tuttxreviinfthe so: . «the gays ant and pass, upon It‘s contenders for special favors. ‘ ful selection of honest, upright men lflllllIllHl|IllllIllllllfllllll|IllIllIHIllllllllllllflllllllllllllllHmHIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllmlllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIIIIIIIlllllllllllllllfllue overnment .uImmuumummmg lection of the men who run for office as he would be of the men whom he would put in charge of his private business. The seeds of evil which are sown by corrupt men in positions of public trust do not as a rule, unfortunately, bear their fruits of demor- aliza'tion until long after the sowers have retired to private life: "So it is not always easy to trace the responsibility for unjust laws, zg1=0wthfof special privilege, subordination of government to special interests, high taxes and other evils. . At the rmoment‘we seem to be in a conflictbetween various The ease with‘which capitalism .hasreached its pinnacle of power under, the protecting arm of the law and frequently in defiance of the law has aroused the envy of others and tempted them'to try the same measures. They are seeking to unseat capitalism from its present position, but capitalism .is resisting with very poor grace the reforms that must be brought about before the unrest of the nation can be soothed, thus inciting the reformers to the adoption of a pro— gram which, if carried out, would be as full of dangers to our «liberties'a-s thosewhieh now encompass them. I- am not'a crier of calamity. Eventually all will be well. Emerson says : ' ‘z‘Thisf law (of action and reaction) writes the laws .of cities and nations. 'It':will not be balked of its end in the smallest idea. It is in vain to build or plot to combine against it. Things refused to be mismanaged long. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist, and will appear. If the government is cruel, the gov- ernorfs-lire is’not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue-Will yield nothing.‘ If‘you make the criminal codes-anguinary, juries will not convict. (Nothing arbitrary, nothing artificialcan endure.” Batiwe relight not to await the conditions which will auto- matically set the Emerson law toworking. ‘On'the contrary, as long as there arespeaceable means for overcoming the defects in “our government and in our—social,order,'those means ought now to be-employed. But they will not be“ employed :if the mass of r'citizens-who make up'lthe commonwealth andthe nation cannot xzbeunoved to action. It isto their interests, firstiand'primarily, that these corrections :should be made. Theremust be an ‘awakened‘civic consciousness on the part of every man and woman. -They must be made to feel as their forefathers felt, that-free [government is the most precious of all ‘theirearthly possessions, and thatit must be studied, understood and Wisely managed if it is ‘to performits functions and give to all their fair portion of its benefits. “The less government we have-the better—the fewer laws, and the‘less‘confided power,” says Emerson. "‘The antidote to this abuse of formal government, is, :the influence of :private character, the growth of the individual * * *.:We think our civilization near “its meridian,"but we are only at the cook—crowing and the morning star. In our barbaroussociety the influence ’of‘ character is in its infancy * “ * *” May we not put aside all other considerations when naming those to represent us in government except characer and capacity for serving? The nation is not without men of character, but those who will "always do the right thing instead of the expedient thing are very rare, indeed. The principal tribute that can be paid to a good many men in public office is that they were good politicians. The poor politician seldom captures an of- fiee in a spirited contest, although as a man of character he may stand head and shoulders above his successful opponent. Good government is difficult of attainment and perpetuity. It cannot possibly be secured by indifference to the changing needs of the commonwealth or to the character of the men who are chosen to provide for those needs. Good government is with- in reach. The gap can be bridged by first, an overwhelming de- sire for good government; ~second, knowledge of what constitutes «gocd'government; third, acquaintance with the responsibilities, _ dutiesend opportunities of good government; and last, the care- of, proven character to 'administer glam, Em'roc' ‘ , , .g _ ;rmtitanumimnmmuumm' .:_. R. FARMER is going tobe the man of the hour at the ceiea » bradon now being prepared \ " by the Michigan Agricultural Gol- d legs and many 00— operating bodies. This event is the fan ous Farmers’ .Week, to be held this year at East Lansing, February 2- -7 inclusive. Last year more than 5,000 farmers turned out to the meetings and ex- hibits, but next month more than 8,000 are expected to attend. In addition to thousands of farm- ers coming as individuals or as fam- ilies, a dozen or more meetings of state agricultural associations will make East Lansing the Mecca, the first week in February, of great throngs. For example, the Michi- gan State Farm Bureau members, who will number somewhere around 20,000 by February first, will hold their regular winter session—which will probably be‘ one of- themost “ importantgatherings in the history of that organization. Members of the Michigan Crop Improvement Association will also assemble at the college during the red letter week on the farmers’ cal- endar for February, 1920. The Crop Improvement folks will go to the meeting elated with the recent victory of their handicraft at the In- ternational Hay and Grain Show at Chicago. The Michigan Milk Producers’ As- sociation will be another of the high lights on the program of Farm‘ers’ Week. The splendid work of that association during the past year against terrific odds, together with the chances for much better work ' the coming year, will assure great interest on the part of its many thousands of members in this state. So much progress has been made recently in the marketing of the spuds grown in Michigan that the gathering of the Michigan Potato Producers' Association during Farm- ers',Week will certainly create its ' share of attention. The Michigan Veterinary Association and the Michigan branch of the American Poultry Association will both have special features at their sessions which will make it worth while for all members to pack their grips and attend. A splendid poultry show will be one of the headliners on the bill. Faced with extinction. unless rem- edial action is taken, members of the Michigan Maple Syrup Makers As— sociation say that it is of prime im— portance for all engaged in their trade to attend the sessions at East Lansing during Farmers’ Week. Other meetings which will help put the event big include those of the following: Michigan Muck Farmers’ Associ- ation. Michigan Milk and Dairy Inspect- ors Association. Park Superintendents and City Foresters. Rural Y. M. C. A. Secretaries. Other organizations may join in line for the especially opportune time for a gathering. Meetings are ar- ranged so as not to conflict with - each other to any great extent, and the speeches of the many notables on the program will be held at sep— arate times and at hours when no meetings are in session. Authori- ties at the Michigan Agricultural College are delighted at being of more service now than ever in their history; and one of their greatest services just now to farmers in gen- , era] is the opportunity and encour- agement the college is furnishing for the benefit of organized ruralists through such means as Farmers’ Week. Much can be said of the import- ance of every organization’ 3 work on 3'»? A- c-v-rv QFonEsreaR By VERNE asuassrr ; ..> . is the famous Eng " . pendent and poet w a Bureaus. duction data. agriculture. writer and scientist. ture. a1 College. ton. List of All-Star, Speakers ’ J. R. Howard, president of the American Federation of Farm H. C. Taylor, chief of the Farm Management Bureau of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in charge of gathering cost of pro- Former Congressman A. F. Lever, member of the Farm Loan Beard, and successful sponsor of such legislation for the welfare of Governor Frank C. Lowden, of Illinois, one of the Republican possibilities for the coming ,pres1dent1al nomination. Dean Alfred Vivian, of Ohio State University, who Will give a daily, illustrated lecture on “Farmers’ Tour Around the World.” Dr. C. V. McCollum, of Johns Hopkins University, famous Dr. W. G. Gunsolus, president of the .Armour Institute of Technology, of Chicago; former pastor of nation-wide reputation. A. J. Kiernan, chief of the government work on tuberculosis eradication, Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agricul- Kenyon L. Butterfield, president of Massachusetts Agricultur- President G. C. Creelman, of Ontario Agricultural College. Henrietta W. Calvin, of the Bureau of Education at Washing- the program—importance not al- ways generally recognized. For in- stance, the Rural Y. M. C. A. secre- taries in Michigan are hanging up a record unequaled anywhere. Five years ago Michigan had one third of all the rural “.Y" workers in the United States, and the state has gone considerably ahead since that date. All-Star Group of Speakers Just to get an idea of the unusu- al strength of thespeakers' program for Farmer Week, we quote the fol- lowing extract from a letter from the Michigan Agricultural College, in response to inquiries from Mich- igan Business college. In fact, more will be done this year to make this a big and successful convention for. farmers of Michigan than ever before. _ J. B. HASSELMAN. Dean Alfred Vivian, of Ohio State University, will provide one'of the big features of the program of the speeches. His set of illustrated lect- ures on “Farmers’ Tour Around the World" are already very famous. Dean Vivian has studied at first hand the agricultural conditions of prac- tically every country in the world and he has a treasure of splendid i1- lustrations. One of his lectures will be given each day during the week. The speak- Farming; the ers show that letter shows the week will other facts as be a three— to the great ringed circus importance of and Fourthof the occasion: July celebra- t1on combin- Michigan Busi- ness Farming, Mt. C lemens, Michigan. It is felt here at the college that the list or speakers is the best ever got- ten together for a state agricul- tural conven- tion anywhere. You will note that any one of five or sin" of the speakers would ‘ be a headliner at any other event cf this kind. The members of the various agricultural as- sociations meet— ing together here during the week will mark about the big- gest gathering for the year for farm leaders of A. F. L‘EVER Member National Farm Loan Board. who will be one of the Farmer's Week speakers. ed. For in- stance, a pres- idential didate” is one ers alongside a famous Bri- tish poet and war corres- pondent. Then there is— a sil- very tongued preacher and college presi- dent; super experts in var- ious lines of farm work in- cluding an ex- congressman, now engaged in federal s'er- vice for ben— .ers. the state. Mem- r .. bers will have ‘ an opportunity to attend one or more of the meetings, V and at the same time “take in” the at- tractions of Farmer's Week. Exhibits will be very interesting this e.ar We will have guides and charts to help visitors find their way about the 1,. MVETERI IM 9 $2,22anan Gov. Frank ‘C. Lowden of Farmers" Week Illinois, is the speaker who is often mentioned as a possibility for the Republican pres- idential nomination. ‘can- ~ of the s eak— \ p ‘include: Dr.’ W. G. Gunsolus,‘f0rm- efit of farm- . Cecil Roberts . h war as A. C program. as Mr. Roberts, who take the stu- dents and farm visitors away from ’ “shop talk" for an hour or so, now. and then. This is in line with a broad-mindedness which the farmer class has been showing strongly—— that is, the farmer .wants to under— stand his brother human beings in all other classes and make decisions . from the standpoint of what is best for the greatest number. One of the most important speak-v era is to be J. R. Howard. elected this winter as president of the Am- erican Farm Bureau Federation, dur- ing the famous convention at Chi- cago, where the farm bureau organ~ izations from 35 states arranged to affiliated as a national body. Mr. Howard is a product of the middle west, ‘Iowa, and has‘a great mes-w The thousands of Farm Bu- sage. reau members who expect to attend the sessions at East Lansing assure Mr. Howard of a big and enthusi- astic audience. ' H. C. Taylor, another of the “heavy artillery" on the M. A. C. pro- gram, is the new chief of the Farm Management Bureau of the United. States Department of, Agriculture at Washington. Upon Mr. Taylor’s s'houlders rest the responsibilty of- working out the cost of production ‘ ‘figures for'the farmers of the na- tion. Michigan is one of the lead- ing states in the work of seeking ac- .curate costs of production and many a farme' is expected to get some helpful tips from the work which Mr. Taylor will explain. Former Congressman A. F. Lever, who has been responsible for. much of the recent legislation toward the country life improvement, is a strong figure on the bill at the M. A. C. He is now well known to farmers ,thru his work as a member of the Farm Loan Board. One of the men on the list who has created a high reputation both with the general public and the faimers is Dr. C. V. McCollum, nu- trition expert at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. His writings may be found on the tables of almost ~ any pro- gressive dairymcn in the State of Michigan. as well as any other state. The general public knows, him best, perhaps in connection with his re- search and explanations of “vita.— mines.” Dr. McCollum was former- 'ly at Madison, Wisconsin, and is quite widely knownin Michigan as well. Others who will address meetings er pastor and now president of the Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago; A. J. Kiernan, chief of the tuberculosis eradication, Bureau of Animal Industry- Department of Agriculture, Washington; Kenyon L. Butterfleld, president of the Massa- chusetts Agricultural College, auth- or and noted authority on agricul- tural problems; Henrietta W. Calvin, Bureau of Education, Washington, D. 0.; President G. C. Creelman, of Ontario Agricultural College,‘ who is expected to say something about the splendid work of the United Farmers of Ontario. Exhibits of Top Notch~Classi The exhibits at Farmer’s “Week will cover. every division of agricul- tural life. They will be new this year and will all bear directly upon the farmers’ problems. The major divisions of the display ' will cover farm .crops, horticulture and animal husbandry. s. . will be on the The college for” .. . years has been carrying on a lecture .- ; course of big calibre speakers, such Practi- -n.~..,,...,.—._,__.~f; ._ ..~— - r v «v—vww—vaJ/«r .’ —~ 1' a ) -Nf.-.fi._,..:__.n;_ I, .__~_<\_, w , mortgage lifte1s. _ grounds and through the 111nm- ! this excellent institution of , “IKE? 11111 the state of Michigan. It certainly- is a splendid monument of the pub- ‘ lie to the greatness of agriculture: . There are the fine new structures,‘ ’ and .the old ones with many memor--" _ies.- There is the "Museum With the ~ ”old Civil War stuffed horse- and the" ‘ ‘~s_tone age fossils, and, better than that, the up- -to-date scientific dis- ‘ plays of modern agriculture. . _ It surely is an- inspiration for the young folks on the farm to look at and study the wealth of informa- ti0n gathered at the College. It is an appeal to their manhood and wo- manhood to see the gymnasium rwork and the drills in the field; and it is a huge argument for the young ‘folks to stay right on the farm with Dad and Mother, when the best that the College can show ‘ is s-etrbefore them. 'There are the splendid pure- bred cattle, and all other— kinds of ‘ stock, which produce profits to such an extent as to make all or them the exhibits of grain which take the international prizes All the up-to- date methods of. the business of farming are at least touched upon at the college. It is a inspiration for any boy or girl of he farm to take a peek at what the College has to oifer—what‘it has to say on be- half of the profession of farming. Nearly all of the exhibits which the college sent to the recent Inter- national Hay and Grain Show at Chicago will be ondisplay in the crops section. The competitive ex- hibits in the Michigan Crop Improve- ment Association Show will alsobe features of this section. In regard to the hay and grain ex- hibits. great interest is bound to be shown at Farmer’s Week this year by the farmers of Michigan. Did you know that eight out of the six— teen prizes awarded for samples of rye and more than half of all the premiums given out in the class for wheat are among the victories seer-‘- ed by Michigan producers at the In- ternational Grainand Hay Show at Chicago this winter? And the farm- ers of Michigan walked away with many other prizes at that great ex- hibition, so they come with the flush of victory” to the Farmer’s Week show where most of the Chicago prize winning exhibits will be re- peated. . ~ ‘ In their class for wheat, soft red winter, Michigan growers competed against the entire United States and Canada, such states as Kansas and the Dakotas, famed for their wheat, being included. farmers came out with their heads up and their pockets full of prem- iums—more than half of those offer- -. ed in the class. There was but one class for rye, including splendid exhibits from Canada and many parts of the Unit- ed States. Out of the 16 prizes awarded, the Michigan men bore off with eight. One feature of the show of which the Michigan Agricultural College can boast is the rosen rye and. 'red rock wheat victory. The College for a long time has been advocating the use of these, excellent varieties, and it's samples proved to be head and shoulders over anything else at the show.. Rosen rye took first, second, fouith and fifth prizes in its total of eight piizes out of a possible .16. while none of the other varieties succeeded in gaining a noticeable success. The same was true of w.heat Red irock took the first three places in who stroll every year ' over 75' ' Then there are, In spite of the high' 7 class of competition met, the state’s .0 fthe total. . , ._ ..-. _,ff jg; Farmers’ Week are these: ’ “ gun State Farm Bureau" ~~ ’ The Michigan Crop Imprdvcment Association. Thchichigan Milk Producers’ Association. Tl The Michi;an Potato Producers’ Association. ‘ " The Michigan Maple Syrup Makers’ Association. ' The Michigan Veterinary Association. ”firm ‘ - The Michigan branch of the American Poultry Association. ' The Michigan Muck Farmers’ Association. The Michigan Milk and Dairy Inspectors’ Association. Rural Young Men’ s Christian Association Secretaries. emission will hold meetings ‘ r its class, along with many other low- er. awards, and was easily the out- standing Wheat of the show. Al- though first place was lost to Mich- igan in the wheat entries (John Dun— bar, of Rudyard won the second honors,) local grewers carried off the blue ribbon with a Michigan product—r—Red Rock. The Michigan Educational Exhibit at the show was the largest and best entered the Michigan Crop Improve- ment Association, the Michigan Po- tato Growers Exchange and the Michigan Agricultural College unit- ing to prepare the display. A large map of the state upon which were posted views of the varied farming industries, a mound ofselected Pe- toskey potatoes, bins of Rosen Rye and Red Rock wheat, and a special display for the —Upper Peninsula were features. of the state display. “Practically all the Michigan ex- h‘ibits which were at Chicago will be on hand for the Crop Improvement show during Farmer’s Week at the College the first of February” says J. W. Nicholson, secretary of the v Michigan Crop Improvement Associ- "Other growers who did not. ation. exhibit at the International will get into the game at this time and see HE following statement, given I out by Hon. Jonathan Bourne, Jr., president of the Repub- lican Publicity Association, coincid- es exactly with the arguments that Michigan Business Farming has pre- sented against the collective “dicta- tion” of labor unions in comparison with collective “bargaining” desired by the farmers: “The hope of labor union leaders that they would be able to enlist the aid of organized farmers was doubt- less due to the fact that“ the agri— cultural producers have been en— deavoring for many years ,to better their condition through the adop- tion of the policy of ‘collective bar- gaining.’ says Mr. Bounne. " The la— bor union leaders failed, however. to note one vital difference between the policy adopted by themselves and that pursued by organized farmers. The farmers have endeavored to utilize collective bargaining in a thoroughly democratic manner. The labor union leaders, n the other hand, have endeavored to transform collective bargaining into collective dictation. in a manner that is auto— cratic. “Fruit producers, grain producers and cattle producers have endeavor- ed to secure better prices for their products-by pooling their output and bargaining-“with buyers for the sale They have never, how— ever, forbidden or endeavored to for- bid any other farmer fro mselling his product anywhere. at any time, at any price. The effort of the or- ganized farmers has been entirely lesitimate- conducted for a proper end and by proper means. “With collective bargaining on the part of labor unions there is no a how their samples compare with the best in the state. The result will be one of the best grain shows ever seen in Michigan, or any where else, for that matter.” A practical demonstration to show the actual working of a cow testing association, exhibits to show the ef- fects on successive generations of good breeding and stock specimens from the Chicago stock yards to il- lustrate daily market ‘quotations, will be found among the animal hus- bandry booths. An entire building is to be given over to the horticultural show alone. The second annual state champion- ship poultry show, household arts and science displays, and exhibits of farm machinery and veterinary med-- icine work will be prominent during the week. ,The Michigan State Round-11p Poultry Show. a blue ribbon exhibit which will bring together all the best» birds in the state, will be held at the College in connection with the many other features. Nearly 100 different poultry establishments in the state will enter a total of over 600 fowls. Inasmuch as only those birds which have won premiums at other "Collective Bargaining vs Collective Dictation material fault to be found so long as it is bargaining in fact. The flaw in the labo runion procedure has been, however, that the union not only proposes to sell its own la— bor at prices which it may fix by collective bargaining or dictation, but it proposes to deny to any other man the right to sell his labor at any other price. It denies the fund- amental principle of individual lib- erty. It endeavors to enforce the rule that no man shall work unless he first subscribes to the contracts of the labor union and renders him- self subject to the mandates of the walking delegate. ”This policy the farmer has never ’adopted and never 'will adopt. Such a policy is contrary to the principles of the American government, and, though it may succeed temporarily, it must fall eventually because an- tagonistic to the pullic welfare. It is quite possible that a group of ag- ricultural producers could organize its particular branch of agriculture so extensively and adopt methods so severe as to practically dictate the price of its output. Organized dairy- men, for instance. might for a time intimidate non—union dairymen by overturning their milk wagons, shooting their driVers, poisoning their herds, and bomginb their fam- ilies, but such methods would not long succeed. Nor is there any danger that such methods will be adopted. Agricultural producers are owners of property; they are heads of families; all their interests are' aligned with law and order; all their methods therefore will be in accordance with law, and with full recognition of the rights of others. *"wineh epstak'ee com will have to be champions among champions. " All entry fees are to go to the prize winners in each, class, forty per cent for first place. and thirty,_ twenty and ten per cent for the next three places respectively. Every bird which places will get at least a ribbon." The entry fees are to be fifty cents for single birds and two dollars for pens. Prof. C. H. Bur- gess, head of the Department of Poultry Husbandry, is in charge of the exhibit. One of the special features of the many headliners at Farmer’s Week will be the opening of the series of truck and tractor schools to be con- ducted by the M. A. C. this year. The first of these four week‘s’ schools opens February 2, and visitors at Farmer’s Week can get a chance at least to look in on the experimental work. A much larger enrollment is assured than last year’s, and num- erous. innovationsare planned. Gas- oline power is going ahead by jumps and the need of skilled workers for trucks and tractors is becoming great among those in the farm bus- iness. Farmers who expect to visit the College during the February events are urged to look up the truck and tractor work which is making such headway. More than a dozen makes of tract— ors will be used and each student will know how to run all the ma- chines before finishing the course as well as 1epairing them. Things to be emphasized in the course will in- clude ignition, valve and spark tim- ing, carburetor adjustments, brake and fuel combustion tests, and light- ‘ing and engine trouble work. A. M. Berridge, of the M. A. C., is head of a committee comprised of men from every department of the college designated to take charge of the gigantic task of completing prep- arations for Farmers’Week. Knock- ers may come and knockers may go, but there can hardly be any knock- ing this year in regard to Farmer’s Week. The College authorities have been going their limit in arranging for the best possible hospitality and entertainment for the farmers of the state, and it is believed that the great majority of farmers appreci- ate the efforts being put forth, Said one prominent official at the M. A. C. the other day, “the College belongs to the farmers of Michigan and it wants all the farmers to get away and take physical possession of the institution for the first week in February this year. We want as many farmers as possible to see that the College is doing real, vital. prac- tical business. By coming to Farm.- er’s Week the farmers can not only find out these things for themselves, but also they can take one more step in the great business of getting together.” Farmer’s Week has a splendid tradition to keep up. Before last year it had done good work under the name of "Farmers’ Week and Housewives’ Congress.” But last year it broadened out into wider fields simply under the name of “Farmer’s Week.” The Michigan Livestock Breeders and Feeders As- sociations, the Farm Bureaus, the Crop Improvement Association, the Muck Farmers, the Poultry Breeders. Drain Commissioners and Maple Sy- rup Makers and others joined in mak— ing the affair a big one. More than 5,000 attended last year. This year, the great advancing strides are expected to keep on, and some estimates put the expected number of visitors at around 10, 000. , The college is resounding with prep- manly heat: The ‘nirsc'j‘ also prizes at East Limiting ' aratibns for the event and hopes to , make this by far and large the best Farmer’s ‘Week in history. - HR 1 I CITY Fang“? S. > . _ suPT-S. 4 ’ ,' ' "RODUCERS ' f’ C " n . ., ressosiAnON \j. HIG-AN ‘ Sean noaeeu m-§.~‘.v v .- ~—....- nw-h- 4’ . v.1." r, . . r“ u}. .r J": A; .;‘w‘ .‘Zgnb‘ «r? - e 5‘ . , , N THE LAST‘ article the ways In which the water in the soil held andith‘e' water'retaininchw- - pacity of different-'kinds‘of‘ seil“-were considered. ' In order/that the reader may have a better: understanding‘of the discussions of moisture control that are to follow, the relationship of crops and soil moisture is to be presented. It has been long known and ap- preciated that the water relations of soils and crops are of tremendous importance, in crop production. The loss of water from the leaves of plants and the conditions that may increase or decrease this amount have been studied from time to time by many investigatorrsince about . 1699, and as a result we-have at our disposal much valuable “information regarding this subject. In view of the importance of this matter we are to discuss in this article, 1, what water does in the plant. 2. How wa- ter enters and leaves the plant. 3-. Root systems of crops. 4. Water re- quirements of crops. 5. Conditions that affect the watergrequiremen‘t‘, and 6, how to make the best use‘ of soil moisture. It was stated previously that wa- ter is the means ‘of conveyance» of the mineral plant: food-“from' the soil to the roots of theplants. ‘Upon‘eni- tering the roots these must be trans; ferred‘ to“ the-stems and leaves :and flowers of'the plant, andi'hers again water is essential; J ust‘ assoon “as there is a deficiency and the" plant Wilts, the .movement of these“— into and within the plant ceases and growth likewise leaves off. Further- more, water ‘in'- itself is: as planti'frood and becomes a- part ot the plantl‘tisi sues. Moreover, leaves of plants that are supplied with water. maybe cooler by several degrees‘than. the temperature of the air surrounding them‘. In some instances thisis probably a means protection against extreme heat. Practically all the water that leaves the plant does so through the root system and. is removed mainly as the film water that surrounds the construction, or structure of the root construction, or structure oft he root system of plants is essential for full understanding of the moisture re: lationships of soils and crops. Under ordinary field. conditions the main absorbing portion, or the partsthat actually removes water from the soil is generally spoken of as_root hairs. These are minute very thin walled elongated single cells that are sent out from the surface of the. very young portions of the roots. On.ac,~ count of their soft or mucilaginous like nature they are able to, pass be— tween or around the soil grains or groups of soil particles, thus afford- ing very intimate contact with.them. The tips of growing roots are also instrumental in. taking in water. of These are composed of .masses of soft thin. walled cells. The number of. ‘ root hairs. and therefore thewextent. of the. absorb— ing system of. plants vary with. the moisture. content, as .a~“ rule,. when the water supply becomes- somewhat low, there- results an enormous: in; crease in theinumbens.. It- has been estimated that thesroot'hairs present on the roots of corn under. average conditions increase the surface: in contact with the. soil mass about five times. and. barley twelve times. If the water content is decreased the surface in contactwith thensoil may be- more than doubled. ..This,- of course, affords a wider feeding zone of the rootsystem. Moreoven, the nature and. amount of the plant food present affects the/numbers formed. ’ - Owing to their thin walls, their intimate contact with the soil part-. icles and therefore, the film water, the root hairs are able ‘ withdraw water from the soil mass. As the water enters these ‘it is. pulled. or forced inward. and upward. thru‘ the larger portions .of the root sys- ‘ tems, and from thence into all parts of the above ground portions, and 31s finally given off to the atmospheres“ -£“t rough small openings in the leaves? a: the plants: TakmgA‘zdvantage of Face ” to readily ' 3,. syn. n: raccoon w The methods of penetration) “of rnoots through the scil mass. for any: tremely interesting. so arranged that the development of the roots of plants takes. place just ‘ back of their tips. The divisions at the tip are few in number, and thus: the root advances by means of con-. tinually forming cells. In other” words, the whole root is not pushed: through the sell as one would a wire but only a small and continually forming point does the advancing. Fortunately the root- hairs are form~ ed: just back~of¢the advancingbtip‘, and are therefore not dragged “or pulled off» as- it enters» the: soil‘ n'Iass. Moreover, it‘ is well known- that the root .hairsn usually becomevv inactive after: they are: a few; days old‘." It was = shown -in' the previous chap- Nature wisely. , > is 14‘ inches,“ while (in: Texas ”it 1y: 1 admits: anthem watch roost”. of crops. . Whflre-WWiSEiOW}: other! conditions the same. the. 81113111112301; water trans- piredis lessthan‘ where It. is higher. A single-corn plant on‘va‘ver‘y .hot dry ‘day. may :loses‘l'ttv'lbs. .901 ' water through its: leaves,:"wheneafs' on days of more. . normal. temperature pmu‘crh less. It has been shown that the natural: vegetation is: a- good indicat- or of crop production, so far as cli- mate is concerned: Attention should be‘ called to the occurrence of short grasses, such- as buffalo and. grama grass in the semi-arid reg-ion rext‘end- ing‘from‘ Montana te‘Texasp (0111 the westward‘it is limited by- larid conj- ‘ditions and 'on ’It Was -~.-p_no;ven: manys'years‘v: ago that: cnopslgrownuon :2 tensile2 Soils have a low-“r water cost than. it growh on soils: low: i115 fertility. Re- cently Kdesselbachg 701’.) Nebraska, d'e- termined the water cost; of corn grown in: soil' of dillflenent' degrees of fertility. Hefound the water costto ' be about 569 pounds= where the corn was grown on very poor soil where. as it required 49"4 pounds in soil of intermediate fertility and only 333 pounds in fertile soil It is very: probabI‘eJma‘t the tends (army for some of' Michiganls" thinner farm lands to suffer early from drought is due to an insufficient simplyr ‘and‘liick of proper bal’amce of plant food elements-1n: them; Game In] husbandry. or mtatiom'ot coupon and. intelligenli soik mobilization.“ imam for iguana or exposed: sit~ , unit of dry- matter forn'ie’d' would he." 1 decreased the great drain :on the some supply/of: moisture by. the. large. ,. I ..L-H .fd‘evelupmsnt might at ya: given time result dihastnously. Or it seems. it .the addiizionv of manure;- .or fertilis- er,. appreciably increases the plant ' growth, the total‘- amount of, water ‘-t:he--sQil’-m11st furnish to ‘the crop is. “greater than if the fertility‘had no". been increased unless the rate of se‘edinglis‘ thinner. I The water. cost of different crops varies.:greatly. . The amount of water required to produce one pound of I dry matter of several crops in the latitude of central Michigan lies be- tween 300- 500' lbs Weeds require about as much water for their growth as the ordinaryicnops‘, as the estimates glven‘ bring out Relative -Wa'cer costs of rising ~ - TLegumes; poundsv ‘.-. . L ..... 450s7~£l0 Small: grains, lbs: v. ..... ». . 300-450 'SOrghum- lbs.“ . . . . ‘. ...... 250-350 ‘Mlll’eih lbs . . ....... 250.1350 Weeds-,r- lbs 5. :14. . .. ..... 3. . .300e569 IL. should, .be remembered, hotvew ,r, that the climate «and». 8011» condi- ions spoken. of above; may. either '11»- _crea.se or. decreasei. them. amountsii Nameleh us suppososltlnmthnim ten‘ costs of: whean‘iis 'taOfl-iandmher‘dry ~mfiflfil‘5l pnedmmd ale .1 Itswo e: tone :por acres. ~.This.:. humumdhatflfl Outcome! water: muscrbo mppliedilby anemone 0% soil; Lomabnutxr'r inchesrof 9min:- falh. Miomoizeml wot-should motizl‘ose sight/affirm fact: that enormous quantities mush beésuppliod im‘ short intervals of time“ more {thann- -the weight of. the plant on hot. days must - be: funnifiiedt- . as was +staatedz to bet. the ., case: «with 1-: com. and: thati this estimateidoesq not take: inter. considr- oration-l the loss from: the. surface. of the soil. An: important: , ‘considi‘ereutiomN -. in arid: or ‘ regionss‘of; low: precipitation is. the; effect: the: : extent: of: the tiles! surfaces eXposedu has . upon: the: ‘water costs: »'It* hasmbeen ‘xshowm- by ithe'i» Nel- braska' Experiment Station that where thelleaf derelopm‘ent of corn Was reduced #14 per cent by selection that the Water cost Was’ reduced 16 per cent. ., Moreover, varieties of! the sa/me'cropsvmayhdifmr appreciably: in the amount of water required tovprm duce' av-giveipéyieldl.» , It has also been shown“ that? young plants. require“more‘ Water' for" the production .of a given amount‘of any plant- material than ‘do ."older ones, r andth‘is is held‘to be.of"some import; ance: in. grazing lands under 'con'disr ti'onsOf low rainfall. One .would' 05‘- tain.im-ore dry..matter..for a given amount of water in the .soil by. not grazing. until an appreciable growth had-.taken. place . .. . Im onden to makeuthe'umosteooi nautical, ruserof soil moisturermdiich must.- he done nflHElT-‘zl’fll‘EGrT areasi each ofvthe above conditions bhaonaffeot- therzaannunt-afi watesirequimed should beaconsidese‘dt :1 clothe rainfall do do; finient. are MFUDBODGBIYL distant) um thr ouch . ,tho: :igrowingio. seasongm coups withsgexnonsiso moot :snstcmm should be; gram .: ‘if’rpossiblex: inasmuch: -, as they :‘hane larger .11 soilcu assasafsrom- whi Chi tel‘:w1‘thdraw.wat¢er.-chair. do: the shallow ..on‘. :less extensive»: rooted crops. ‘ Moreovem‘df E;8€Gfli0fl.‘lsusfl s‘iti’ua'tedt. that .the‘: temperature 2 and» windi‘ velocity" areahig‘iln (mops 1: that mature? early in: thesiseasomorethac have a minimum leaf surfaces-and low; water-cost may ébwzgnown. ._ Fre- quently-i‘.‘ south-‘1 slopes: ‘- are: aunswm able for certain crops when the no- ' posite or north slopes are ideal for them Agaimlarnns‘ that“ have large . lea-f surfaces; :and.‘ ,require \large amounts of water are usually; more suitable? for... low moist areas than should meet“ the conditions hm- as nations. As swili‘ be shown) later on abut. At first ‘ consideration ‘ene. might lay: too much emphasis or this. feature Suppose: by that-t from” W‘ I some crops thrive. best on lSQIIS*Gf. fine texture: and others on soils of been so ‘ xtuz‘: “and -as: a. general rul‘ .. . :pehditure of the , . J public's money, W 5.it must be that , we get for great- or value for the money we pay in taxes than did the people of the early European dynasties. .Th e m o s t ,.r fruitful cause of ’, rebellion since .the earliest . stages of govern- ment has been excessive taxation, representation, .us- ually resulting i n e x c e s s i v e taxation. The :hist- ory of many gov- ..ernments .seem to show that, starting: with anominal levy . against ,prope r t y owners. the tax was gradually increased year. by year until‘ it became burden.- some and the peo-. ple revolted. Elk-l . .ceptin. cases where . unusual demands _. upon. the public ex—, or other abnormal been satidfied .the’ .tax rate. in all coun- ,. .tries. advance, and ..s'eldom If ever tie- clines. ...So. the. .tax ..ar‘wasm monumhilesenher. : nobi- ; norm Ahatg,meeple.obhomntus es. tilesflndeuthet. abemhnhe mt nelsistsnt ~Wflhm amine MMMABIM‘ then-continues than theridaymwhenajhetvzfirst «tithe 1.18128 becomes matter. son. superman -+every cits/semi .izouhe Mohammad weighed“. lest it. beam handlebars about the mock .andadsayehim to nuin. . Alone in 2thismstate have: increased: mam: the mast tow .ryears shat, aor taxation Without .chequer. to pay War. . indebtedness ..have. .vt-axes. are needlessly high, and be- lieves that the subject should be thoroughly-discussed and the next legislature importuned to adopt remedial measures. The accom- panying article is the first of a ser- ies to be published during the bal- ‘ once of the winter months upon the subject of taxation—EDITOR. t t t O C. FERRIS, of Alma. Gratiot E county, owns a farm of 80 ‘acres. Twenty-four years ago the farm was assessed at‘$1,600. and Mr. Ferris paid a tax of $18.73. His tax receipt, dated Feb. 22, 1896, is reproduced below. Twenty-two years later. the assessed valuation .had been increased to $9,000, and on Dec. 18, 1918, he paid a total state, county, township, etc., tax of $245.47, an increase of over 1,000 per cent. The folloWing year. the "valuation of his farm was increas- ed to $14,000, and according to his tax receipt '- printed :below, he paid taxes aggregating $334.60, or an in- crease. over.189.6 ofsnearly 1,800 per cent. What’s the answer? The answer is partially this: The cost of. 'living has increased. Food, clothes and supplies incur public in- stitutions «cost nearly double What they did awfew years ago. Salaries to instructors are higher; road ma- terials cost more, and we are build- ing "anmuch: more expensive type of road than formerly and upon a larger scale.- As population increas- es- the cost of- developing the gov— ernment-and its variousifunctions for . meetingsthe needsof the-people, also increases. But that answer 'will not provide a complete solution to the increase in taxes. I Campfion ,in. High Places. .Inn‘eficiency . of‘Public Officials, . and Multipliciiy 'of Commissions Blamed for Huge Increase ne‘enother reason afori higher taxes- is thetineflioiency-of government. Po- litical parties and “politicians: have fallen into the evil ha‘bit ofwusing? the oiiieee7 and influence of-‘govern- ment to” provide . salaried positions for their ‘ driends, ~- and their , friends? « friends. ~28caroeiy Jansession of. the w state tlegislature ripeness by- '-but W41; Murat; 'was collected is -.wa-iling and/.enading; taxes. ~A pita linen, heusays, maycheerfxully. meet {any .expensenof commodity .endt :lux- I _" ' -- ury and feel that he issgettingzthe : ~worth sinus-truancy, :but.-he lover-t ably-nous reminder .ahill hinder spro- mt .~and::escapes: itralato‘gether :if * 1 possible. It 'is'"‘not 'the‘part of good - citizen: ship to be perenially-complaining' about "the taxes. We have taxes :because 'we have schools, highways,- »thenh-a'bit of be— - ‘ .leeubt ' > ... H'm‘l‘ lint public institutions, police and fire- “'7’" rmamnwonmp—ky. ' “ W 0f Lglzuu'm Upon the lolbwinldua-ibodtncholhldud . WMWmehd-wwml‘u.mn “Mickeys". Sen TM 3i!“ 1. A (-1 . protection, and numerous other ad- vantages which are only possible un- der-some form of central government or.;a.uthority. ' The necessity of some kind of .tax against the people who endoy thebenefits of the tax is es- tablished...and we have now only to treat-with .thennethods of taxing and the amount :to be collected. Under ..the- old [despotic dorm of. government people wuss-23 taxed int-o veritable rbut'we mi! today pay a ri- ougggly sm‘ part‘of our income! ".-»this is true des~ dorm sof- gov- .materially the 1:1th ten years, the producing ,/ and that the increase of taxes ‘ ...their prod!u.cts MIQBIGAN Busi- ' “ ' . snowmen sis not «to teatisty on u r- + gentvneed. abut =to 'rgive patronage “icalmdebts. instead of - '.tpositions,'~boards 1and commissions ' its most expandingwneeds, our leg- wiislature too often: casts about for «work-to cheep their. boards and ‘wcommissions busy. ’ and cost of state boards- andhcom- “missions have -mously the last few years. >' vcitisens of the state will, for in- buxstance, live in fanciedzsecurity un- til the legislature meets and dis- covers that the burglars and thigh- 'waymen and murderers are a! I“ in 1“ III I“, . The number ~ ‘whatA-somesexpendituvre is-‘Sauthor- ' ~«to somebody ‘in payment of pout-i creating ' rincreased «enor— - The ‘ How State Taxes Have Increased Tax Levied 1895 . $3,013,919.52 Tax Levied 1896 .. 2,068,538.63 Tax Levied 1906 . 3,383,785.22) Tax Levied 1907 4,884,852.61 Tax Levied 1910 4,729,000.()'.' Tax Levied 1912 5,452.308.i.’= Tax Levied 1915 9 507. 090.5! Tax Levied 1916 7, 220 8.31.20 Tax Levied 1919 .17,430,895.’::2 A , l l Taxes for Gratiot and “2!) no Gratiot Wayne 1895 26,671.85 $ 506,765.23 1896 39,308.04 383,721.30 1910 43,633.03 970,834.44 1916 91,675.52 2,400,540.35 1919 175,858.37 6,156,205.01 abroad in the land and the people must be protected. Hence, a bill is rushed through creating the state constabulary. And why not? It only cost-s a half million dollars a year to maintain, and look at all the grapes the constabulary will save from the marauding bands who make our high-ways and by-ways a perpetual menace ! Or, again, someone discovers that the state is drifting into an aenemic, effeminate condition that needs to be remedied by instructing the youth in the man— ly~.art of boxing. So the legislature creates the boxing commission and the brutal pastime of prize-fighting is with us again. -Almostevery session of the leg- islature-brings to Lansing some in- spired r-legisl-ator who feels that he is the ..ordained- exponent of some mightymission that can only be carriednout by the-adoption of new laws or the making of new commis- sions. Not infrequently he succeeds in- ahonvdnoing the majority of" his colleagues thathis rpet idea is vital -tor;progress-'~ cruperhaps. his -...colleag- ues. being :gentlemen. of. Lforesight readily agree. "to: his. proposal-to, put him in their debt-since the :time may undoubtedly come .when some among them may have an .ideasthey‘zwant to sell to .the .state. Thus jobs are created,- .boards and commissions come into..being, expenditures climb and thetaxrate'takes the air route. .Another' reason why some taxes are .high,.thoseuof our Gration coun- ty :friend, for-instance, is because some. other citizen :is not paying his just share. The state of Michigan generally,..but the county of Wayne and the cityof Detroit, in particular. have been blessed with wonderful expansion .and prosperity the last decade. The population of Detroit has doubled; the property value has tripled and quadrupled, and it sure— ly seems that the increase of wealth ought to be sufiicient to meet the growing expenses of government with but very little if any increase in the tax rate. A comparison of the taxes levied in Gratiot and Wayne counties shows that the Wayne county tax has been in— creased over the Gravtiot tax about as two to one. On the face of it this looks like a fair spread, but when we take into consideration the enormous development of Detroit and the in— crease in the valuation and rents (Continued on page 19) they have become a. teal prob- .lem and a burden upon the av- erage land-owner. Farmers are complaining bitterly that they cannot afford to pay such high ..taxes. Thep point out that while the market value of their darms has increased very value has re- mained practically stationary, is wholly out of proportion to the higher prices received for '1 not . de- chtinch of {p / YM- law-IA.- _ii£_ D N lot-firm?! mmunms OFFICE. TOWNSHIP or ems mvm cantor ooum Mics. w—mfl ‘ Personal Property the sum mm below being the Tums messed in said Township for the year. I WWW..." "; n Lhe following dc: cribed tracts of lmd and Il ‘ i. ‘Gfififif‘fiarmefi’é Tu Receiptrforfi‘ew, "lflifim‘, *1‘9‘1'9 l .mintimations of fall weather, though? i this notification is modified by ‘ fact of being less than a mile from. AVE you learned any new . wrinkle in farming this year?”_ The ques- tion Carl E- Schmidt, our shins around his ‘flreplace one cool August even- merrily blazing. Outside the wind was rising, and the . chill in the air la is far e_nough up state to get early the 5 Lake Huron which continues to take i localities further inland have been. the “nip” out of the air long after ‘ frostbitten. 1 1 t 1 , and sand Walhalla is some eight miles north of Oscoda. It is in the very heart of the pine barrens region. What with scrub oak and jack pine plains, “reaching to China,” one 3 might travel the world over Without , finding a locality less likely to offer encouragement for profitable farm- ing. Indeed, when Mr. Schmidt de- ‘ cided to become a farmer, some 14 .farming. years ago, he said to his buyer: “Find me the very worst land in Michigan on which it is possible to raise crops.” That is why Walhalla came to be located in IOsco county. Mr. Schmidt answered offhand my question as to the latest wrinkle in Anything new he discov— ers in the farming line is free to the world. And he is willing to ad- vertise his failures as freely as his successes. For each failure, as well as each success, holds a lesson for those who are willing to profit by the experience of others. “I have learned this year at least one thing that will eventually be of great value to all farmers,” said Mr. Schmidt. “I have learned how to keep‘crows out of .farmers’ grain fields. And the thing is so simple that it is a wonder no one has before caught on to it. Hereafter, if any farmer'suffers loss from the depre- dation of crows, it will be his own fault. It is only necessary to mix tincture of aloes with red, blue or green analine dye, and sprinkle this ' mixture on the seed before planting. “Crows will not bother his field more than once. The first taste sat- isfies them that it is no feeding ground for crows. Nothing doing. They leave severely alone the seed thus treated. . “And the cost is nomina1—-not to exceed five cents a bushel. If, be- cause of the moisture, the seed has a tendency to stick together, mix it with some fine sand. I have tried it and it works. There will be no ‘ failure.” Iproducing profitable crops. Mr. Schmidt now has 800 acres of sand lands under cultivation, and He has 2.000 acres of grazing land—land :that has been cleared and seeded—5 1 and on which are 500 sheep, 50 cows ; and calves, 40 or more horses, 1,500 chickens and a dozen pigs. And he has demonstrated that on Michi— was put to . .5 as we sat toasting _, ing. The logs were _ made the fire at: . tractive and comforting. For Walhal-, A. SchmgdtiF arms in Iosco County Revelation" of what. can be deflected?! Soils'onced .ful,’ require knewledse of biology: " s'y JUDSON GRENELL ’_° ' Walhalla farm house, In the heart of Iowa county and plains. ‘ gan’s most undesirable soil, from an agricultural point of view, it is possible to successfully and profit- ably raise crops. A Real Land Problem _ ”The sand goes down .40 feet," says Mr. Schmidt. “Then there is a layer of rock salt, . say. 10 feet thick. And after that is more sand ——25 feet of it—and again a layer of salt, but not so thick as the first layer. Then more sand and more salt'in layers. Finally at 400 feet down shale rock is struck. What comes after that'I do not know.” That is the kind of- soil with 'which Mr. Schmidt has been experi— menting. “I have no interest in naturally fertile soil,” he said, “I wanted a real land problem to solve, and I got it good and plenty when I began with these Michigan pine barrens.” Fourteen years is too short a time in which to obtain a proper perspective of what Mr. Scmidt has accomplished in Iosco county. When, 50 or more years hence, this part of the state is all properly utilized— the sand plains under cultivation afid the swamps drained and put to good use—the historian will find a rich vein of information in the data Wal- halla and Serradella farms will fur- nish. Cedar Lake, seven and a half miles long and in some places half a mile wide, separates the two farms. but both are the property. of Mr. Schmidt. Most if not all of the cul- tivated portion of this “domain” consisting of several thousand acres -—lies west of Cedar Lake. Walhalla itself consists of the residence prop- er ,the up-to-date poultry buildings, the stables for high bred horses, the buffalo and elk parks, and the build- ings occupied by the house hel-p. Ser- radella is the working farm. . The Schmidt residence is modest looking in outward appearance, but is spacious within 'and contains all the conveniences associated with wealth and comfort. It is approach- ed by a causeway, each edge planted with poplars and‘ cutting the lake in two.‘ Swans, geese .and several va- rieties of ducks—among them a nice flock of domesticated mallards— utilize the lake, which is well sup- plied with fish. The‘ heating (steam)' lighting, (electric) and water systems (tank pressure) are the latest in these nec- essaries to cultured living. The names of these farms run into legend and utility. “Walhalla” has to do with Norwegian mythology— a resting place for fallen: heroes. “Serradella” is from a Spanish le- gume which was imported through Germany where it had been thor- oughly .tried out; and Mr, Schmidt found it would also bring fertility to the sand plains of Michigan. Soil Building The problem of ‘soil building is the problem of making these sandy areas commercially profitable. In . this direction Mr. Schmidt has done remarkable work—not to say per- formed miracles. “I am a tanner, and at first blush it would seem as if farming had nothing in common with tanning,” remarked Mr. Schmidt. “But such is not the fact. Both, to be success- f and chemistry. ‘What is the son ?What is to raise crops? What is needed in order to tan leather? the". ' skin? What must you know in order ~ - “Without basic chemical knowl- edge and capital, failure is sure to '- follow either industrial activity. I,- " have seen 27 tannery companies go out of business mainly because they were short on knowledge of chemis- try; and I have seen where times that number of farmers have failed because of lack of chemical knowledge and a few doll-.ars ” So when Mr. Schmidt started to endeavor to make a success of farm- , ‘ing on what. in the opinion of most people, was absolutely worthless land, he started with knowledge of the necessity of discovering the sec— rel; of arable soil. There must be nitrogen, the chief food for vegetable many . life, but nitrogen will not stay in‘ Stand soil without humus. What is humus? Simply decayed vegetable matter. What is the quick- est, best and most economical meth- od of adding this humus to the sandy soil of Iosco county? Plant certain kinds of crops, and when they have reached maturity ‘turn them. under. Plant what? First, lupin; next, serradella—both legum« inous plants. There, in a few words, is, Mr. Schmidt’s philosophy of soil build- . ing. Legumes gather nitrogen from the air. When you have humus, you can get your nitrogen; and in nitro- genous soil crops will gro'w.’ And never spare the common but valuable barnyard manure. Making the Soil Stick Have youeverinoticed the clouds of dust raised "by a strong wind blowing over a. sandy plain? You will not see this on Mr. Schmidt’s cultivated acres. The soil has body; it stays down! and it is aided in this by the peculiar way in which it is rolled—in, ridges piled at an angle. other things—clove among them. After lupin and seradella come other things—clover ._ ameng them. Then follows grain—fwheat, rye, oats etc. After the soil has been built up it will raise corn and potatoes—two kinds of farm preduce Which are death to pinmbarrens farmers if the farming is started with them. 'A drive of :50 miles _or so through Iosco and Alcona'counties brought to view many evidences. of where farmers had started the wrong way to make their industry a financial success. the shape of abandoned farms. _ Wandering over these sandy plains one August afternoon with 'Mr. Schmidt, and getting stuck oCcasion- ally in a sand pit, there was seen a . a primitive , *— ‘ A newly started homesteaded farm of 80 acres. A pole fence surrounded house of * logs and a couple of still more rudely con- structed outbuildings. On one side of the house was a potato patch; on the other side a cornfield. Neither was promising, but possibly a few bushels of corn and potatoes would be harvested. ' - “Here is what these poverty strick- en farmers all do." said Mr. Schmidt. “They must have something to live —'_!' Lw [lows on Mm!“ Pfl‘v {IM- These evidences were in‘ . a. ' , 11m (13311.2; * and next year’s drop will not be T worth gathering. the main: thoroughly _ discouraged, “ svili abandon the farm. By doing- ,,odd jobs for farmers near by the homesteader may hang on a little ’ longer, but by the end of the fifth _ year his vision of owning a farm - will have vanished ” There is hardly a mile of this sec- f tion of the state that does not indi- “cate in some spot the futility of ' a . poor man trying to successfully farm on these pine barrens. ' Trees will grow, why not crops? Indians, Potatoes and Moisture . Some few miles west of Walhalla is an Indian settlement. ,AuSable is the gea‘test'shippi'ng point in Mich— . A few In‘- . igan for 'huckleberries. dians are still left, obtaining a sort of living from scraping the soil of a. few acres where there happens to be some clay, and eking out a living by berry picking and occasionally being a helper to some sorely driven farmer. “Drink and the devil has done for the rest. Mainly drink. However, .I noticed one very good looking po- tato field that seemed to warrant at— .tention. “Fine looking potatoes,” I said: - It was Mr. Schmidt’s opportunity. “These Indians,” he ,. remarked slowly, “have learned a great secret about potato raising, and they dis— covered it without any help from their white neighbors. No matter how dry the season may be, and oth- er farmers’ fields are burning up, their potato fields will always have , all the moisture needed.” “How do they do it?” “They plant between each row of potatoes a row of onions. and that solves the problem of moisture.” ea: Ill 2 -. This first crop will one; haust this light 3011 of its nitrogen, ' The third year? hi1, ‘ it ledge of farming. he, “the ‘ onions the eyes of the pota— oisture problem is solved” - a; r ' All of which demonstrates Mr. Schmidt does not spend all his tune 'Ilems L! .‘ that thinking cut agricultural prob- ' " ' t he 11 ‘ r y. 2 shou d 0be ignorant: 91 this particular. trap, and did not discover it in time the result would be a plunge over a 30-foot embankment. And nowhere has there been placed any sign to indicate danger. Approached in the daytime, one might escape the, trap, but should the machine be brought too near the edge of the pit, it would- crumble before it could be backed. .1!- Most of these Indians are half- breeds only a few have any of the characteristics of the “noble red man,” but an occasional squaw shows in her figure and the way she carries herself why so many of the early pioneers developed a taste for squaw wives. ‘ A Highway Death Trap Returning over another road marked “to Harrisville,” was seen a startling example of indifference to public interests. The Detroit & Mackinac railroad had ‘worked a greatlgravel pit alongside their right of way. The'sides had 'caved in so that the great hole extended directly 11g roadswacrw these confused as to direction, and circled around for hours, extricate themselves. Only expert woodmanship or familiarity with the _ locality can save the lost from ex— treme worry, not to say heart fail-. .' ure. Nor need one expect someone to" come along in a little while and give" _ proper directions. The region is almost entirely uninhabited, and even the main highways are not much if any different in appearance from the old logging roads. Returning to Walhalla over 'a highway that would make advocates of good highways almost give up in despair of ever being able to inter- est people of this section in the good roads proposition, the “civilized sec; tion" of Iosco county was finally reached. and a near view washad of Mr. Schmidt’s farming system. (To be continued) g. 2' 3 g, . .1, a»; Settler’s cabin and plains land in process of cie aring. National (lo-operative Live-Stock Shippers Expand Organization E. E. Compson, Michigan Manager, Describes Work and Plans of National Association; E. E. COMPSON . ‘ Mgr. Michigan Live Stock Exdh‘ango' ' VER 300 co- operative livestocki 0 shipping delegates. represent- an provinces recently assembled in- Chicago andI unanimously perfected’ ‘ a permanent National Federation of Cooperative Livestock Shippers. '. The following states in the order named were represented by the larg- est delegations: Iowa Michigan, In—' diana, Illinois, Wisconsin, South Da-- _ kota, Minnesota. Other states repre- sented were: Nebraska, Ohio, Kan- ms, Oklahoma, Washington. Colora-‘ ‘ do, North Dakota, Missouri Ten-'2 nessee, New York,- California, Ken- .2 ' tacky, Louisiana, Pennsylvania and, Canada. » . rector; . Neb., director; H. 'M. Phillips, Palm- co-opera—tive Livestock. Shippers. has been largely through his eflozts i lad; leaders in their 1 respective sec- School of Instruction Waconia, Minn., acting secretary; Earl J. Trosper, 906 Royal Insur— ance Building, Chicago, organizing secretary; C. Hoover, Longmount, 0010., director; T. M. Paterson, ag- ricultural college. Miss, director; A. S. Anderson, Beresford, S. D., di- C. H. 'Gustafson, Omaha. rya, Mo., director; J. F. Larson, Ellsworth, Wis., director; M. E: Sherman, Kendallville, Ind., direct: or. ' Officers Recognized" ‘ _Leaders Knute Espe has organized 12 live— stock shipping associations in his home county (Story) one of which he serves as president. He is asso— ciated with W. T. Barr, famous Chester White breeder. who is well and favorably known among the livestock .men of the country. E.‘ E. Gempson is state manager for the Michigan Federation of Co- operative Livestock Shippers and is one of the moat able men in the movement. 'John Miller is president of the Farmers’ Grain Dealers’ Association ,0: 113113033. an officer in one of the -. oldest livestock shipping ing 21 states and four Canadi-‘f‘ associa- tions in Illinois, and a recognized leader 2 Selby Peterson is treasurer of the Minnesota State Federation of Co- It that eight bills of immense. benefit ,to the ”Minnesota livestock shippers have been put through the Minneso- ta legislature. Earl 'J Trospe'r is the originator of the National» Federation idea and it has been largely through his of- fonts that the federation has been successmllyi, launcheds He is a recog- nized agricultural leader and both 7 practical and impartial in his work _. All of the directors are recogniz- to be Held in Detroit a general way are as follows: To encourage better and more eco- nomical methods in the production and distribution of livestock and livestock-products; to promote co- operative education, and to encour— age the organization of co—operativc livestock; marketing organizations; to develop uniformity in the plan of organization and method of opera- tion of local livestock shipping assoe ciations; to aid such organizations in problems of general interest in transportation, handling and mar keting; to lease, buy, build, own, im- prove, mortgage, sell and control such buildings and other real and personal property as may be necese sary in the conduct of its operation; and to perform any other work which may be of benefit to its mem- bers or helpful to the industry. Basis of Financing ' The national and state federations will be financed on a small member- ship fee and a per car charge basis which will be regulated from time to time to meet the needs of the ship— pers. " ' All Shippers Strong for National and State Federations Such men as E. E. Compson, Re- mus, Mich.; W. A. Mc‘Kerrow, secre- tary Minnesota State Federation of Shippers; J. R. Howard. Clemens, Iowa; H. C. Wallace, DesMoines; I. S. Brooks, Ottawa, 111.; S. D. Hall, Bureau of Markets, Washington, D. C.; H.W. Danforth, St. Louis, Mo:; 2M; R. Myers, Chicago, 111.; J. F. Lar- son, Ellsworth, Wis.; representing 'the American Society of Equity; J. C. McGregor, Ontario, Canada, Unit-, ed-Farmers of Ontario; M. P. Tullis. Regina. Canada, Department, of Ag- riculture; Clifford Therne, famous Chicago transportation attorney and others, gave strong, constructive . talks favoring national and state or- ganizations. . Sentiment Unanimous- , Throughout the entire two days ‘ e large delegation of live- "Will be available for distribution ‘in‘ ' the near future. _- ‘ stock shippers, representing 21 states refused to disagree. The National constitution recommended by the official committee was adopted with- out an important change. All states delegations were eager that the ore ganization stand on its own feet to the end that all co-operative live- stock shippers, regardless of location of affiliation with other farm organ- izations, be accorded uniform recog- nition. 9 States Makes Definite Plants to Organize The following states went on of- ficial record at the meeting request- ing the service of the organization secretary in helping them perfect state federations of livestock ship- pers at Indian, Fort Wayne, Dec. 11; ’ Colorado—~Ft. Collins, Feb. 15; Il- linois, prior to Feb. 15. Iowa, South Dakota, Wisconsin made definite plan-s to federate, date to be an— nounced later. ' Short Courses for Managers ’ Successful short courses fonman— agers and others interested have already been held at St. Louis and Kansas City. will be held at all leading, terminal markets including: Omaha, Sioux City, Denver, Chicago, .Detroit and. St. Poul. The dates are as follows: Detroit Michigan, Stockyards, Feb. 10 and 11; Chicago, Ill., Feb. 17, 18 and 19; Omaha, Ne~ braska, Feb. 23 and 24; Sioux City, Iowa, Feb. 26 and 26. The national federation has com- pleted arrangements with-the U.-S_. Bureau of. Markets to have Doty, of the Chicago Bureau of Markets sup- ervise the various schools. Note: The will welcome letters from the agri- cultural press requesting speciflc in-v ' formation for publication also offer-r l. ing constructive suggestions as to need in their territory. Notes: A bulletin covering organ- ization and developments to date .- gt. . ‘ «. barrens run in every direction. Peo' ple have Wandered in them, become, sometimes for a day and a night before being able to Similar short courses _' Michigan Central _ National Federation . . -'< 11.0? CAMPBELL has definitely accepted the invitation of the farm organizations to become a..;.candidate for Governbr, and has ubliely announced that he will make Jtfiea race on the Republican ticket, having been a life-long adherent to -'Repnhiimu principles Mr. Camp- ”Which makes his position clear upon .; fore the). public eye. It contains a . ,.- gauxhsdeahthat should appeal to the _»common sense of the average citi- zen, : man... or woman, farmer, labor— -. er orncommercialist. There is noth- .’ ing- insthe program that savers of . class distinctions or a desire to se- : cure. class privileges through the - pawer of the law. Legitimate busi- . nose interests that have shrunk from the idea. of farmers taking a hand in , state politics lest they abuse the privilege, may find reassurance in Mr. Campbells pronouncements, quiet their fears and co—operate with .; thefarmers in the name of good gov- ; ernment. ' ,. Mr- Campbell returned last Sun- ,_ ‘1’ day from. Washington and will de- now on i202 his candidacy. He is 'a ., born campaigner, a good m”ixer,’ , because heunderstands the problems of most of the people whom he meetsandman discuss them familiar- ly and with authority. Moreover, he is a good platform speaker, and being heart and soul with the themes he has preached during his long career of public service, will have no difficulty in holding his place with any of the other guberna- torial candidates. Those who have never met Mr. Campbell will now have that opportunity as we are in- formed that he intends making an aggressive speaking campaign thru— out all the rural districts of the state. News of Mr. Campbell’ s candidacy has spread rapidly throughout the * state and the majority of the press comments thereon have been of a favorable nature. Several newspa— pers have voiced their disapproval of Mr. Campbell’s having been an- nounced as a “farmer candidate,” believing that the governor of Mich- igan should be elected by and made , responsive to all classes of people. Otherwise, this publication regards Mr. Campbell in a very favorable light. Except for the fact that Mr. Campbell has been active as a farm- er and a farm organization leader and has been endrosed by the farm " organizations, he will run as the candidate of ALL the people, as he properly should. There can be no HE FIGHT is on. The sugar I beet growers of Michigan, thru their committee, have failed to gain a conference with the manu- facturers on the 1920 contract, and there is no alternative now but to hoist the flag and scrap the issue out upon its merits. This is what the growers’ commit— tee-definitely decided to do at their meeting in Owosso last Saturday af- ~ternoon. Chairman Ketchan who had sought by every honorable means to- secure the attention of the manufacturers to the terms of the growers, presented letters to the committee from various manufactur- ers, all stating in effect that they . did not care to meet in conference, that the present contract was good enough for them, that the sugar beet content this year is low anyway. etc. Not a: single manufacturer gave the .‘ committeesany encouragement that firmer-growers could expect a more «zesuitablebshare of the 1920 sugar j .v‘profits. 1U. Tha:.committee will lose no time .- nowoin thoroughly organizing the smite sugar beet territory. Despite - 2tEe claims-of the manufacturers that -: the. majority of the contracts are signed, investigation proves that this i not the case. It is truethat some, fitmerdhme signed, but a good " tef“ them did not grow beets last. " e not generally classed Candidate for Govemoré’er shells also' announces a ”platform", the most: important matters now be- - ‘ f vote the major part of his time from ‘ contract but the great: TO THE PEOPLE OF MICHIGAN. ~ ‘ I have Just. received an urgent request that I become a. candidate for goremor from a conference committee appointed by the various i'amn organizations for that purpose.- ' ~ I have previously received pressing invitations to the some effect from organizations in other lines and from widely different sources. As a result I have decided and now announce that I am a candi- date for the Republican nomination for governor. - , In doing so, I wish to say that I shall endeavor to become the” standard boarer of certain great principles which I regard as vital, and in their interest shall devote all my energies/to a vigorous campaign, not merely in the hope of becoming governor, an honor which I do not covet for itself alone, but in the hope of furthering those principles. which is the highest ambition of my life. There will be no pussy-footing in my campaign. Ishall, from time to time, make plain statements of my position on public ques- tions, realizing that I may invite serious opposition but believing the people are entitled to know what to expect from me. I shall stand on the following platform: ~ ‘ FIRST—Americanlsm. SECOND—Republicanism. Subject to my duty as an American, I shall adhere to the principles of the Republican party of which I have . been a. lifelong, active member. THIRD——Collective_ bargaining for both farm and industrial labor. FOURTH—Improved conditions and an adequate wage for labor. FIFTH—A basic eight hour day in industry but not a shorter day. With the present pressing need for production we cannot prosper on half time. SIXTH—Against the demands of the “red” element in labor uni- ons and for the apparently successful effort of constructive leaders to preventr their domination. SEVENTH—Proper relief for disabled soldiers and sailors. Where the federal government has failed to function adequame for this pur- pose, I believe the state should supplement its work. EIGHTH—Reduction in the number of state boards by combining groups of related activities along the lines successfully worked out in Illinms. NINTH—The preper recognition of women in matters of govern- ment. TENTH—Certain reforms in insurance laws which, Without injury to insurance companies, will greatly benefit the insured. But. not state Insurance. ELEVENTH—Good roads and such internal improvements as will make Michigan :1 better state. TlVELFTH—Oflicial independence. I shall make no promises in advance of the election, either of positions or policies except as con- tained in my public announcements. Hoping my platform and candidacy will Win your approval, I am Sincerely, MILO D. CAMPBELL. question about this. Farmers will support Mr. Campbell because he is acquainted with their problems and will give them the attention which their importance deserve, but at the same time he will not overlook the“ needs of other people. UST AS interest was beginning to J get lively in our straw vote for Governor we are obliged to bring it to a close because the farm organizations have endorsed their man, and there ought not to be any other choice for the farmers. A total of over 1,700 votes has been receiv- ed to date, and had the vote run an- other month we are sure that at least 5,000 votes would have been cast. A number of our readers me tak— ing considerable interest in the presidential situation, and at their request we will begin in the next is- sue a straw vote for President. There are any number of candidates for the job. but whether any of them meas- ure up to presidential requirements is a matter upon which the public ATTENTION, BEET GROWERS Mass meetings for the purpose of thoroughly organizing against the arbitrary stand of the manufacturers will be held at the places and on the dates listed below: St. Johns, Clinton counyv Jan. 19; Ithaca, Gratiot county, Jan. 20; Owosso, Shiawassee county, Jan. 21; Saginaw, Saginaw c'ounty, Jan. 22; Pigeon, Huron county, Jan. 23; Sandusky. Sanilac county, Jan. 24. as beet farmers. It seems very ev— ident that the majority of farmers who have grown the majority of beets in the past have not yet sign- ed their contracts for the 1920 acre- age. So the success of the growers in getting a better contract depends wholly upon the extent and strength of their organization. Mr. C. E. Ackerman of Durand has been put in charge of the work of or- ganizing and the campaign will be started at once. As noted above, mass meetings are already scheduled for the following week when com- mittees will be appointed and all the townships ,of the principal beet'growé ing counties intensively canvassed. As the sugar beet situation stands today the manufacturers will make enormous profits on the 1919 and 1920 crops, and they have failed to produce a scrap of evidence to the contrary. Some farmers may be. satisfied with the terms of last year’ s" i - Michigan is nflththfij- only 9138“.” .not. Bay county farmers are de- termined almost 'to a man not to - grow a single acre of beets unless as- sured of a price that will net them $15 per acre or better. While farm- ers of other counties do not feel quite so strongly about the matter, there is plenty of sentiment showing that the dissatisfaction over the old.con-’ tract iswidespread. Even were the farmers entirely satisfied that they were making fair profits under the old contract they ought to insist on, a fairer divisionof the consumer’s dollars. . The manufacturers ought not to be permitted to make a great-'- er profit than the farmer. in proper- tiOn to the investment and risk in- volved. . . ' Sugar beet growers, this isjyour' opportunity to show your loyalty to your brother: farmers and to the sugar beet industry. of the country. ‘ liters.“ "There is some talk of boom- 7 in: Ford as. a possible Michigan'- ~ candidite on the Democratic ticket. Wood and Wden supporters are. .» busy in the; Michigan field and a number of "Wood for Clubs” have already been organized. Sen. Poindexter of Washington, who Was the first to declare his candidacy is finding it hard to drum up. senti- ment in his behalf. As the Detroit News recently puts it, “has anybody seconded Sen. Poindexter' s nomina- tion?" The press generally does not take the Poindexter candidacy seri- ously. The Senator is too "western" to suit our cultured eastern breth- ern. Hiram Johnson has filed peti- tions. in several Republican prefer? ential elections, and will be a'factor to be reckoned with. Harding of Ohio also looms up as 9 possible contender. On the Democratic side, Wm. Jen- nings Bryan is loose again.- and he threatens division if' not disaster among the Democratic ranks. . His determined stand on the League of Nations has considerably upset many of the strongest demo- cratic leaders, principal of whom is Wm. G. McAddo, the president’s son- in-law, and it is declared that with- in~law, A. M. Palmer has showed himself a good politician if'nothing more. He has forced himself into the limelight with reckless abandon the past few months, staging spectac- ular verbal fights against the profit- eers, and more recently employing the secret service in some very ques- tionable raids and arrests Without regard to their constitutional rights of those affected. ,’ Another proposition that will be included in the straw vote is the dis- posal of the railroads. The ques- tion as it stands today is whether the government shall con inue to oper- ate the" roads at pr sent with a small monthly deficit ut no increase in'rates, or whether they shall be returned to private owners, and freight rates increased enough to pay the owners a six per. cent net on their watered stock. The farmers are the big freight payers of the country. Let them decide what shall be done with the roads. The Cummins and Edge bills are now in conference. Neither railway execu- tives or employes approve of all pro- visions of these bills. A compromise may be affected, however, within an- other flve or six weeks, so if the farmers are to make their wishes known,. they must‘ get busy AT ONCE. Watch for the coupon. ALSO. WRITE YOUR CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR. Beet: Growers, Turned Down by Manufacturers, Begin Organized Fight organize to secure their just rights. The contest ha sbeen staged in oth. er states and the national convention of growers to be held soon in Salt Lake City, will be a mighty protest against the aribtrariness of the sugar ‘ manufacturers and their autocratic manner of dictating the terms of the contract. The eyes of beet growers in other states will be upon the Mich- igan growers. If we in Michigan succeed in the undertaking we have inaugurated, they Will be cheered to push ahead with their campaign. If we fail, they may fail and the backbone of the farmers’ honest ef- forts to secure what plainly belongs to him may be broken. We consider the issue between the growers and the manufactures of vital conse- quence to all Michigan agriculture. The fight MUST be won. There can be no compromise. The sugar man- ufacturers MUST be forced to come to the front and lay their cards on the table alongside the farmers! The farmers are willing to let the public , judge the merits of the case, but the manufacturers shrink from such an parading of their prefits. Organiza- tion will turn the trick for the farm- ers, but it must be 100 per cent or: ganizatien, without a sin is slack ‘ in the President. 3 .- resolutions were ~ cent. ’ . money. His wife was ill, and doctor- ‘ . ,and hospital expense 'had eaten up all . p ”T in Michigan took place last Friday at the Fort Shelby Ho- tel, Dot!“0!t.- men and senators of the wishes of Michigan labor and farm organiza- tions as to the further operation of' the roads. All present declared themselves strongly opposed to the Cummins bill and in favor of the re- tention of the railroads for a furth- er period of at least two years or un- til such time as congress can pass legislation that will adequately pro- tect the interests of all parties eon- cerned in the country's transporta- tion. Most of the labor heads declared themselves in favor of the Plumb plan, but the farmer representatives withheld whatever views they had upon the plan and cautioned the '13.- bed delegates that they were not in ‘a position to speak officially for their members .upon that proposition. Some of the labor heads also spoke against putting the meeting or any del- egates upon record on the Plumb plan, frankly admitting that many of the railroad men themselves who had not studied the plan were quite divided on the matter. The action taken by the farm lead- ers was merely supplementary to what the organizations themselves had taken in state convention. At the annual meeting of both the Farmers’ Club and the State Grange, adopted favoring continued government operation for a period of two years. and the execu- tive committee of the Gleaners had similarly spoken for its membership. Grant Slocum, president of the National Gleaner Federation, was chairman of the convention. Jennie Buell, secretary of the Michigan State Grange was present, and was one of a committee of five to draft the resolution that was wired to the Michigan delegation. The Farmers’ Clubs were not oflicially represented, but Mr. A. B. Cook. chairman of the legislative committee of the associa- tion, had previously advised that he was in hearty accord with the pur- poses of the gathering, but because of another engagement would be un- able to be present. Over fifty offi- cers of local, state and international labor organizations, representing al- most every branch of railroad labor were in attendance and took an en- thusiastic part in the program. One‘of the principal figures at the convention was Benjamin C. Marsh, secretary of the Farmers’ National Council of which organization, Sen. ,HE FIRST conference betweenf' " farmers and laboring men ever The primary. purpose. .- or the meeting was to discuss' the: railway problem and take action to-_ ward advisihg’ Michigan congress- else Takes up Proposal to Eliminate Food Middleman F. Baker, Was chairman. and good will. Chicago, Illinois. All American Farmer-labor Co-Operative Commission ,; A11 all American Famer-Labor (Jo-operative Commission has been ‘ . as a result of the Farmer-Labor he!d in Chicago, November 21 and 22nd, last, of which Sen. Herbert , The objects of the commission are to co-ordinate and encourage ' 'co-operatzlve effort between and among organized producers’ and con- sumers and to unify action in eliminating speculation and profiteering in the necessities of life; to develop intelligence. mutual understanding The Vice Presidents of the Commission :-:1re L. E. Sheppard, pres- ident or the Order of Railway Conductors, Herbert F. Baker, president of the Farmers’ National Council, J. W. Kline, General President of the International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths and Helpers of America- E. 0. F. Amos, President of the Pacific Co-operativc League, J. M. An- derson, President of the Equity Co-operative Exchange. .. The activities of the All- American Farmer-Labor Co—operative Commission are being centered upon organizing the All-American Co- operative Congress to be held in Chicago, February 12 to sp0nsors of the movement feel it- is most Congress on Lincoln’s birthday, for the object of the co-operative move- ment here is to Americanize American industry and make it truly effi- cient for the service of the American people. . Requests for information should be sent to Mr. Oscar H. McGill, General Secretary, No. 35 Bliss Building, Washingtom D. 0., or to C. F. Lowrie, Chairman Committee 011 Arrangements. erative Conference 15th. The appropriate to start this 342 River Street, Herbert F. Baker is president. Mr. Baker was unable to be present ow— ing to the serious accident which be- fell him a couple of weeks ago when an acetylene tank exploded, burning him severely and nearly depriving him of his eyesight. He sent a tele— gram, however, announcing that he was in sympathy with the move. Railroad labOr organization heads told many instances of the deliber— attempts on the part ,of railway ex- ecutives to discredit government op- eration. One of the labor heads said emphatically that the govern- ment made a mistake by keeping in executive positions men who were opposed to government operation “They should have been fired on the spot, ” he said. At the,evening session Mr. Oscar H. Megill of Seattle, secretary of the All-American Farmer-Labor Cowper- ative Corporation, gave an address on what had been accomplished in the state of Washington by way of co-operative marketing, from pro- ducer to consumer. He stated that they had found, that while not all of labor’s and farmer’s interests were mutual, many of them are, and that out in Washington, they had co-op- erated on such projects as were mu- tual and left others strictly alone. No definite action. was taken to bring about a co-operative exchange of goods, but everyone present evinc— 'ed a great interest in the proposal The following statement and reso- lution was adopted, signed by each one present and sent to Washington. I “At a meeting held in the city of Detroit, January 9th, attended by representatives of the Michigan State Grange. the Michigan Federa— tion of Gleaners, State Ass’n of Farmers’ Clubs, and delegates of 1a- b'or organizations, comprising in all vfifty-six delegates, representing at least 70 per cent of the voters of Michigan. it was decided'after care- ful consideration of the‘railroad sit— uation and the rights of organized farmers and organized labor and the people of Michigan as a whole that government control and operation of the railroads be extended for a per— iod ‘of at least two years and that congress enact legislation making such extension mandatory. The State Grange, the Michigan Federation of Gleaners, State Ass’n of Farmers’ Clubs, comprising in their member— ship over two-thirds of the farmers of Michigan, have recently adopted resolutions demanding such action. All the railroad organizations and state and local federation of labor have taken the same action. An overwhelming majority of the people of the state are in favor of a two-' year extension. At this meeting the following resolution was adopted: “That we 1nstruct the Michigan delegation in the House of Repre- sentatives and the United States senators for our state to introduce immediately and to work unremit— tingly for the prompt enactment of legislation making mandatory a two year extension of government Operation of the railroad from March _ 1,1 9 2 0. ” Signed, David H. O’Connor, Business .‘Repne- ’ sentative, Local No. 514. Intfl. Brother- hood of Electrical Workers; Fred’k G. . Palliter, Sec’y, Detroit Bldg.~ Trades Council Detroit; J. H. Staley, Gen’l sec’y-- . Railroad Telegraphers, D. N. Smith, Order of Railroad Tel- (graphers;G1ant Slocum, Pres. National Gleaner Federation, Detroit; Jas. Slo- cum, Gleaner Fire Ins. 00., Detroit; J. Steele, lst Vice Pres, Michigan Federa- tion of Labor; Thos. J McBarron, Gen’l Representative Brotherhood of Railway treas. ()nt.; and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers, . . Express and Station Employers Miluau- kee, Wis. , Frank X. Martel, Business Representative Detroit Federation of La- bor, Detroit; A. D. Manley, Genl Chair- man Switchmen’s Union, Michigan City. Ind.; H. P. Mangold, International Ass’n of Machinists Detroit, K. B. Nolan, Agt. Sailors’ Union of the Great Lakes, De- troit; R. der Railroad Telegraphers, P. M. System Central Lake; H. F. Baldwin, Vice Grand Pres. Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handle1s, Ex- press and Station Employes, Benton Har- bor; C. L Brisley, Representative Grand Trunk Railway Clerks and Freight Hand- lers. Detroit; L. S. Edwards, United Brotherhood of Maintenance-of Way Em— ployes and Ry. Shop Laborers; Raymond P. Emerick, Pres. Detroit Bldg. Trades Council, Detroit; A. 0. Anderson. Gen’l Vice Pres, International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths. Drop Forgers and Helpers, St. Paul, Minn; Robert Byron, Repre- senting International Ass’n of Sheet List-- 211 Workers. Chicago, 111.; Wm. Bailey, Pres. Detroit Federation Labor; Miss Jennie Buell. Sec’y State Grange, Ann Arbor; Eugene J. Brock, International Representative, Int'l Alss'ns of Machin- ists. Detroit; Fred M. Griffith, Interna- tional Ass'n of Machinists. Detroit; ‘R. L. Holloway, Assist. Supt. Sec’y the Glean- ers, Detroit; F. K. Harris, Sec’y Local No. 58 International Brotherhood of Elec- trical Workers. Detroit; F. F. Ingram, member Michigan State Grange, Detroit: Jos. Lyons. lntern’l Representative of Electrical. Workers. Springfield, 111.; Pet- er A. Miller, General Council Unitetd Bro- therhood of Maintenance-o'f-Way Em- ployos & By. Shop Laborers, Detroit; S. C. Flood. Representative Telegraphcrs of Northern Michigan. Bay City; Wm. Fros‘t International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Detroit; Oscar H. McGilI, 'Sec’y all American Co-operative Comm'n Wash- ington, D. C.; C. L. Gambill, Represent?— ing‘ Brotherhood of Railway and Steam- ship Clerks, Freight Handlers. Express 1nd Station Employes New Richmond, Mich H. . Watson, Business Repre— sentativo Local Union No. 58, Int’l Bro- therhood of Electrical Workers Detroit; Richard Young. Sec’y Blacksmiths’ ‘Lo- 02115. Detroit; Nick Hanbrick. Brother hood of Boiler Makers and Iron Ship~ builders and Helpers of America. Local \I0. 166. Wyandotte. Mich; .I. M. Wilson. Representative Boiler Makers & Tron Ship—builders; Thos. P. Smith, Boiler- makers’ Int’l Union Chicago; Forrest Lo1d. Editor Michigan Business Farming; 0 C. Trask, Assist. Grand Pres. and Manager of Industrial Department Unit- ed Brotherhood of MaintenmemeWay Employers & Ry. Shop Laborers. :Detrolt,’ John J. Scannell. Sechytreas” Michigan Federation of Labor Detroit'; Sam’l Pi. Tobin, Business Mgr., Detroit diaper-News Sec'y Local No. 25 Bridge Structural Iron Workers, Detroit; Mr. Theo Veth, Rep. of Switchmen Union of North America, Detroit Lodge No. 113, Detroit. Supreme Court Upholds Decision in Auyer-Postal Usury Case held the decision of Judge Hal THE SUPREME court has up- Cutler of the 19th, judicial cir- made the defendant executed two promissory notes to plaintiff’s ras- - Signor, one for $1,300 and the other ’ Sears Farmer Saved Nearly $900 by Resorting to Court against Usurious Interest and Auyer was . Auye r f r o m obliged on sev- ALL interest eral occasions charges and ap- to give notes - plied what he cuit, who held that the payments of all money made by Mr. Fred Auyer, of Sears, Mich, to the Postal Bank at Evart as interest on a mortgage loan, were void because the interest charged was usurious. The Auyer case was one of the comparatively few protests against the very common practice of usury indulged in by many banks in the sparsely settled sections of the state. The details of this transaction were published in the June 28th issue of M. B. F. A brief summary of the cases follow: Fred Auyer, a farmer living near Sears, in Osceola county, secured a loan of $1.231,from Jas: Postal of the Evart Savings bank. giving as security a warranty deed to farm‘ preperty, valued at $4, 000 and up- Ward. As interest on this Postal ex- fitted a bonus of 10 per cent plus the. highest legal rate of interest, 7 per Auyer was hard pressed for '93” - Business , his farm. , for the inter- est. Finally in desperation, he asked Postal regarding the bonus and de- manded that it be returned to him. There was considerable ar- gument over the matter, and finally Mrs. Postal, whom it was claimed, had actually loaned the mon- deeded the farm to an at- torneys who started forclc-s- Fred Auyer, whose illness and death put Auyer Into the hands of the owl-ers. Sears farmer. had‘paid as in- terest upon the principal of the loan, reducing amount claimed by the bank from $1,600 to $992.22. The Postals appealed to the Supreme Court which as before noted 11 p held t h e d e cision. The c o 11 rt’s fi 11 d i n g s a s render e d b y Chief Just i c e Brooke, are as follows: , The Supreme and the wife Farming -in an effort to save something from the sale of The'case was turned over 0 . . ure proceed. Court, State of 'ings. At this" Michigan, Wil- DOint Mr Auyer came to Mt. Clem- iliam F. Umphey, Plaintiff and Ap- ens and sought the aid of Michigan pellant vs. Fred Auyer, Defendant and Appellee. Before. Full Bench: Plaintiff as as- signee of Margaret I. Postal. brought suit to foreclose a real estate ' mortgage held as collateral to a prom- is'ory ote. At the time it! e loan was for $59.42. It is claimed'rby defend- ant and admitted by plaintiff that in- , cluded in these two notes is a ten percent bonus or commission to Jas‘. R. Postal, husband of plainti’s assign- 01 through whom the loan was nego- tinted. Defendant in his answer set up facts which he claimed constituted usury The case was heard in open oomt, all the parties in interest be- ing examined orally and a decree was coined providing for the foreclosme of said mortgage, but holding that the tiunsaction was a usurious one and limiting the amount of the den cree to the principal sum unpaid. From this decree the plaintiff ap~ peals. . Justice Brooke, facts). “There would appear to be no dis- pute between the parties upon the facts in this case except that the (after stating the ' plaintiff claims that the ten per cent “ was exacted by Jas. R. Postal as a commission to himself for negotia.- ing the loan from his wife to defend; 1 ,ant, while the defendant claims the the ten per cent was exacted by Poi»: tal as a bonus to his wife Toronakm the l-.oan This conflict in the «Medina . . t 11 cases m; M. Burr, General Chairman Or- . Welland, _ 2 ‘ . \ mg: . _ ‘1 1 . ,, . 1‘3 v. ,1 "1 fin" 5‘}: ‘3: ; a; patties, 51 y ;. . ‘ raw phosphates _ __ GERMANY’S GREAT FOOD NEoEssrrIEs ARE EXPLAINED The immediate needs. of Germany-g"; according to a government report, are: (1) Food for her workers; (2) iConcentrated feeding stuffs and ma- n'ures for her agriculture; (3) Raw materials for her manufacturers. In order to stay the constant de- terioration in the productivity of the tsoil it would be necessary to import and concentrated feeding stufis. In the reconstitut— ing of the agricultural conditions, one of the most pressing needs, if the younger generation is to be sav— ed for future work and production, - is to increase the present inadequate supply of milk in the great towns and industrial regions wlhose need ofa daily supply of 3, 000, 000 to 3, 500,— 000 liters (792, 500 to 924, 600 gal- ions) of milk represents the mini- mum requirements for the children and invalids in these areas. This is equivalent to about 500 000 tons of concentrated feeding stuffs per an- num. If the wheat necessary for human consumption is introduced unground and the milling rate is diminished to 80 per cent, a considerable amount of offal will be available for this pur— pose Assuming the importation of 1,000,000 tons of wheat, there will be 200, 000 tons of offals. Growers of Canning Crops ‘Organize Believing that there is no suffi- cient reason why growers should be paid a variety of prices for canning crops, according to the section, and that in general prices paid growers for canning crops are too low, a rep- resentative meeting of canning crop' growers was held at Rochester, N. Y. The meeting gathered at the call of the Monroe County Farm Bureau, New York State College of Agricul— ture, Cornell University and the state department of Farms and Markets The skeleton of an organization was formed. Papers of incorporation will be filed and the organization perfected without delay. It was argued at the meeting that the time for the individual to bar— gain successfully with the canning industry for the purchase of his peas, corn, tomatoes. beans and other can- ning crops has passed, that only through collective bargaining can the grower hope to get fair returns for his eflorts and capital invested. Development Bureau “Tants Corn “This has been one of the best corn growing years in the history of Michigan,” says Sec’y Marston of the Northeastern Michigan Development Bureau, “and because corn is fast becoming one of the standard crops of the district I would like to have a really first claSs display of the pro- duct for the windows of the bureau office. whele it would be seen every day ‘by hundreds of people, a large part of whom are strangers to Bay City and this Section of the state. I would appreciate it very much if the farmers of the bureau territory who have choice grown corn this year, would pick out three or four ears and ship them to me at Bay City so that I can display them at the bu- ' I'Wilrl‘ own .1 . 're'au omce together with the name: ‘ paper. The following poem was sent‘to us by Mrs. C. E. Lonsberry, a Dimondule sub- scriber, who tells us that the author, C. V1”. Stephenson, is a minister of the gospel seventy-four years old, of the Methodist Protestant denomination, and is a resi- dent of Lansing. The poem was pub- lished in 11. recent issue of the Lansing State Journal. Mrs. Lonsberry thinks it is too good not tobe published in a farm We agree with her, so here‘it is: The farmer, with patience and heartyfi wnil, through the hours; Works 'lo'ng, dragging , He does not demand 11 shorter work day, Nor fail to exert all his powers. Before the bright sun in the east is eg- low. 4' , » While city folks cuddle and dream. and address of the grower. ” M. A. 0. Plan Tractor School Truck and tractor schools which will. be conducted by the Farm Me-w chanics Department of the Michigan Agricultural college during February and March are expected to draw an even ‘larger enrollment of farmer: students than in previous years, ac- cording to officials in charge of the Course The constantly increasing :use of gasoline power in farm work and the need 'for adequately trained ,menAto handle the machinery have made the motor schools among the . most popoular of the winter courses ofiered at the college. More than a dozen makes of tract— .ors will be used during the -,school .. eachstudent being required‘to be-__ come familiar'with theldifferent ma- chines. Ignition, valve and spark timing, carburetor adjustments, brake and fuel consumption tests, lighting and, engine trouble work will be among the things emphasized in the course. Actual adjustments and repairs on trucks and tractorsin the laborator- ies at the college will play a promin- ent part in the work. Each school will run for four weeks, the first opening on February 2, and‘~the second on March 1. Sporting Events at Fairs G. W. Dickinson. secretary—manag- er of the Michigan State Fair, and president of the International Asso- ciation of Fairs and Expositions, the national body which includes in its membership the executives of all the leading fairsin America, declares that sporting events will play a great- er part in future fairs than they have in the past. At'a recent meeting of the nation— al body in Chicago, at which time the Detroit fair leader was chosen president, fair secretaries from all over the country asserted that the interest in sports. aroused among the soldiers during the war makes it pimperative that sportingvevents be given greater consideration in their coming expositions. “While the fairs were originally , for agricultural encouragement, the expoSition of today has outgrown that idea,” Dickinson explained. “Our fairs have become gigantic institu- tions, not only dealing with agricul- tural pursuits, but the industrial, commercial and entertainment phas- es of human activity. While sports have been well represented in fair programs, in the future they will cover a wider scope.” Sugar Company Builds Beet Dump - The Columbia Sugar Co., will build a $40,000 wagon beet dump at its plant at Mount Pleasant, accord— ing to an announcement recently made by the company. Much complaint has been made by the farmers because ofthe ted- ious work in unloading beets by hand, and at the mass meeting of the growers at Saginaw a month ago, the subject came up. It was the general opinion that the sugar man- ~ ufacturers should provide unloading . devices. ' Lbeet territory. the farmers don"t pass -. resolutions telling what they think _‘ the sugar éompames "should .or ~less shall be allowed under out in the western sugar should not” do. :‘I‘hey. write it into. the contract that ii the sugar com-3 1 ies want the farmers to unload the beets they must pay for the job. The following clause is in; the contract 4 that has been drawii up by the Inter- mountain Farmers’ Ass’ 11 to be pre- ‘sented to the sugar manufaCturers: “The grower will deliver his beets at the nearest receiving station of of the company and the company agrees to furnish adequate facilities for handling of beets at said station and in case the grower is required to shovel his beets after he is eduip- ped to have them dumped the Com- pany shall pay 25 cents per 633151 for. such shoveling and the company—shall pay at the prevailing rate of wages per hour per team- for all delay in unloading at the receiving station, except that delays of 30 minutes or . this agreement.” EMMET COW TESTING WORK The Emmet County Cooperative Cow Testing Association, No. 1,. fin- ished its first month’s work Decem- ber 31. The tester visited 26 herds with 210 cows on test. Considering the newness of. the work the (stir-st months results were good. Thirteen cows produced thirty pounds or more of butterfat for the month. Of this number three produced over forty pounds of fat. Five herds had an av- erage 0f over 600 pounds of milk or 25 pounds of butterfat. Three [herds were not put on test but” will be entered in the January testing period. Interest is being awakened for another cow testing as- sociation and it is hoped that in the spring, association number 2 can be started—Paul Hayward, tester. Stat/e Crop Value $342, 602 000 The value of the leading crops in Michigan during the past year was $342,602,000, the greatest on record according to the report of the Bu-' reau of Crop Estimates. This larg— er total was chiefly due to the high— er price level and not to greater acre- ages of yields. The report includes grain crops, hay and potatoes. sugar beets, clov— erseed, apples, pears and peaches,.but not such crops as small fruits, truck crops, chicory, mint, etc. The total acreage of crops included. exclusive of fruits is 8,856,000. This is an ex- cellent shoWing, the report says, in view of the movement from the farm to the city and the difliculty of se- curing labor. grasshoppers also served to reduce the yields in some Sections. The sea- son generally was good. The acreage and yield of some of the larger crops were: winter wheat, 844,883 acres, 17,153,613 bushels spring wheat. 76,653 acres, 860,225 bushel; rye, 841,084 acres, 11,258.- 657 bushels; oats, 1,182,707 acres, 28,247,541 bushels, barley, 215,358 acres, 3,646,485 bushels and beans 220.265 acres and 3,031,000 bushels. SUPPOSE THE FARMER SHOULD STRIKE? By REV. C- W. STEPHENSON - His song ‘may be heard in the crisp mor- ning air, He catches the day god’s first gleam. Before the old clock on the mantle strikes five, His horses and cows are all fed; _» He knows he must till the broad 'a‘cres or die For wool; means the bringing of breed He thinks of the Inmions needing‘ his aid, The corn find the wheat must be grown, He coexes the cane and sugar beet forth; No harvest if seed isn't s'oy'vn. He knows how to core for . cattle and shoe .He sprays I,5he finé orchnfid ‘76“ ohm He fills his great cribs and cellars for 115.. _ Asks only that'we treat him fair. Through summer's fierce heat and win- ten" 5 ohm blast: Through the mud. the snow and the _‘, rain; Through autumn and springs—no voca- .. tion for .hini—- , n5 thinks not alone of his gain. ' Suppose he; sit hack and shin-k his great ~ . A cowardly ilacker he’d be i, Suppose db: should motpike for; a six-hour 'ed States will ~ twine for their crops. " A severe drought and . EsAns‘MEXIOAN“ more common . Conditions in the 11311111 producing ~' sectien of Yucatan, . Mexico, respit- '2 ing from: the action of the MeXie‘an -, government oflcials, ‘. Michael J Smith: of: New York. a. i-«hemp merchant, testified, at a near; are alarming, ing investigating Mexican affairs. “Unless semething is done to re- .lieve the situation,”- said Mr. smith. ' “it is practically certain that 'within a few years the farmers of the Unit- be without binder Smith said the "planters had been robbed by the Mexican authorities' ' and Were on the verge of bankrupt- = cy. Because * practices exercised by Mexican au- -i thorities for the purpose of control- of the monopolistic ling hemp production and prices Am— erican farmers, Smith testified, paid an excess of $12, 500, 000 from 19I6 ~ to 1919. Under regulations brought about ' by Salvador Alvaredo, former gov- ernor of Yucatan, he \said, hemp prices advanced from 7 3-8 centsja pound in 1917 to 16 3-8 cents that year and to 19 1-4 cents in 1918. This year the price fell to 15 1-4 cents because of accumulated stocks. GOVERNMENT BULLETINS FREE A copy of any of the publications listed herein, except otherwise noted, may be obtained free upon applica- tion to the Chief of the Division of Publications. United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. 0., as long as the department’s sup- ply lasts. Juding Beef Cattle, by E. H. Thompson, ~--Animal Husbandry Di- vision. Contribution from the Pu- reau of Animal Husbandry. Farm- ers’ Bulletin 1068. Poultry- Houses. COntribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 1919. Department circular 19. For members of boys’ and girls’ poultry clubs. Sweet Potato Diseases, by L. L. Harter, Pathologist, Cotton and Truck Diseases. Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry. Farm- ers’ Bulletin 1059. Buckwheat, by Clyde E. Leighty. Agronomist in Charge of Eastern Wheat Investigations. Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry. (Farmers’ Bulletin 1062.) Gives method of planting, fertilizing and harvesting buckwheat. The Flat-Headed Apple Tree Bor- er, by Fred E. Brooks, Entomologist, Deciduous Fruit Insect investigation. tomology. Farmers’ Bulletin 1065. Describes life history and habits of this pest and suggests methods for its control. Tuberculosis in Live Stock; De-r tection, Control and Eradication, by John A. Kiernan, Chief of Tubercu- losis Eradication Division and Alex- ander E. Wight, Assistant Chief. Contribution from the Bueau of An- imal Industry. Farmers’ Bulletin - 1069. The Bean Ladybird and its Con- trol, by F. H. Chitenden, Entomolo- gist in charge, Truck Crop Insect In- vestigations. Conrtibution from the Bureau of Entomology. Farmers' Bulletin 1074. 310.1! Suppose he’d lay by the plow.and the hoe Let mower and reaper decay? Suppose he’d lie idle week after week. While he shouted: “Less work and more pay!" Suppose he should say: .“It is nothing to me How many are hungry and cold, I won” do a thing to help anyone eise3 My god is the glittering gold!” With nothing to eat and little, to wear, .. _: We’d curse the" good farmer right well’31 We’d onyx. "new. " hog in 111. seman- - , noes great!" ;- gv And we'd wish to toe him mien: But the former 91qu on from morning: .V tfli I!!!” b. not! 11‘ friend to and roosters the god 3 3933”},‘1'fihlee , .11: Meg.» . ,. . p,—... f..- ] i i a x} E I .t a ,1 I 1 _1 1 1 I C i t 1 1 l,‘ mum Hm :Ununu, "1.111;; *5 “ DEKO'LIGHT} “ ’ gsed ' Berg i h‘ (I! , l flu" l ! ~. ~§ 2‘“. _ "ijm I ~ - in! 'I', m 'l I All” ’- w .,, .. .JI . _ ‘ .u: I,“ 1H W “ w.“ -- -‘ p" dun-g A it . __. ‘2” '—a < - There’s a Satisfied I User\e\ __ . 0 Near” You ~ .. Do you realize what this .means? No matter where you live—in Maine or California— Oregon or Florida—Somewhere among your neighbors and friends you will find Delco-Light. ‘And Where you find Delco-Light you invariably find “A Satisfied User.” ’ And these satisfied users—over 80,000 of them alto ether, are the concrete evidence of Delco-Light leadership in the arm light and power field. ' Look up a Delco-Light user in your neighborhood— Ask him what Delco—Light is doing for him— Note the smile of satisfaction that comes over his face as he tells you of the never- _ failing, day-after-day service that Delco-Light is giving him— ‘Of the abundant electric light that i: is furnishing for his house and ham—- Of the electric power that it is providing to pump the water, operate the washing machine, the churn, the cream separator and the milking machine—the vacuum cleaner, electric iron and other Similar conveniences—- Of the contentment and happiness that it has brought into his home on account of the improved living conditions. - And of the actual saving in time and labor that make it the best paying investment he A has on the farm—It 18 little wonder that Delco-Light‘users are Satisfied Users... 1 complete electric lily/2t and power plant fir farm: and country homes, ulficranling—air reeled—ball bearings—no belts—only one place a DELCO-LIGHT COMPANY, DAYTON, OHIO to oil-Mick plates—lang-liwd battery. M pH 1 Valve-in-Head Motor _..Runs on Kerosene . DISTRIBUTORS: M. L. LASLEY, 23 Elizabeth St. East, Detroit; Mich, PRINGLE-MATI'HEWS C05, 18 Fulton St., West, Grand Rapids, Mich. Pyon- ‘1, "i By Octave Thanet I Author‘of “The Man of the Hour,” “The Lion’s Share”, etc. (Copyright, Balms-Merrill Co.) \ I i der the horses’ hoofs; the wa- gon wheels rattled on their own account. A December wind was keen enough to make the driver wrap his, patched quilt closer and pull his battered straw hot lower over his ears. He was a .man of thirty, with high, tanned ‘features and eyes that would have been hand- some but for their sullen frown. “I should call it getting good and ready for a blizzard,” observe the other man on the board (sea the wagon had none); “maybe he won’t tome.” ' “He’ll come fast enough,” return— ed the driver; “you don’t catch ~buz— zards staying in for weather!” “I don’t know. He’s a pretty lux- urious young scoundrel. Bixby says he had a letter from him—very par- ticular about a fire in his room and plenty of hot water and towels. Bix- by is worried lest the boys make a fuss with him in his hotel.” “Bixby is a’ coward from Way- back,” was the driver’s single com- mentor reply. The other man eyed the dark. profile at his shoulder, out of the tail of his eye, rubbing his hands up and down his"wrists under his frayed sleeves. He was a young man, shorter of "stature than the driver. He had a round, genial, tan- ned face; and a bad cold on him. His hands were bare because he had lent his mittens to the driver; but he- wore a warm, if shabby greatcoat and a worn fur cap. ' “I don’t suppose,” he said in a care-less tone, “you fellows mean to do more than scare the lad well.” “We scared the last man. Doc Rus- sell got him fairly paralyzed; told him ’bout the Shylock that turned out the .Kinneys, and Miss Kinney’s dying in the wagon, she was so weak; and Kin—somebody (’course he didn’t mention names) shooting that man; and their arresting Kinney, and the jury acquitting him without leaving the box. Oh, he told a lot of stories. Some of ’em I guess he made up out of his own head; but that Iowa lawyer swallered the whole batch, hide and hoofs and all. And he couldn’t git out of town quick enough! But what’s the good? Here’s this young dude come again. THE FROZEN soil rattled un- Say, do you know it’s his pa that owns most of the stock in the trust?” ' "No?” “Yes, sir. He’s got the upper hand of ’em all. They’ve bought up every last bit of foreclosed land ’round here. Yes. we was so mighty smart, we fixed it that nobody’d dare to buy; and nobody around here would dare, even s'posing they got the money. which they ain’t~—”’ “There certainly ain’t much loose money around here. Wesley. At least, when I ran the paper I didn’t find it; I was glad to rent an aband- oned farm and trade my subscrip- tion list. for enough corn to pay the first installment on some stock and a cultivator.” “Did you pay any more?” “No; times got worse instead of better. I’d have lost the stock and the cultivator and every blamed thing in the way of implements I’ve got if it hadn’t been for you fellows run- ning the implement man out. of the country; he’d a, chattel that was a terror. But what were you Saying about the land? Nobody ‘ would. buy?” “Of course nobody would buy- and we hugged ourselves we was so durned slick. Oh, my! Now, here comes, along, one of them bloody trusts, that's eating this country up. and goes to the land company and buys the-foreclosed land for a song. It goes all the cheaper because its known for and wide that we elected the sheriff not to enforce writs, but “let ’em; and the same with all as, nian'tliat.trics-.o push us - ._ ‘ That; s": trail folks. mortgage ‘ and the investment company sold cheap as dirt. couldn’t git anybody to take up a farm ’round ‘here. Look a.’ there!" He jerked the point’of the switch that served for a whip in the direc- tion of a dark bulk looming against the glowing belt of red in the west.- The outlines of a ruined chimney toppled over the misshapen roof. The door and window openings gaped for- lornly; doors and windoWs were gone long since, wrenched off for other needs. __’ . “That farm belonged to as hard- working, smart a feller as ever hand- led a plow. Look at them fields, gone to desolation like everything else, but the furrows use to be as straight as a line with a ruler. He _ fought the hard times and the drought till his wife died, and then he said to me, ‘I’m beat; I’m going to take the baby back‘ to. Winnie’s folks. If I’d only gone last year I could have took Winnie, too. The company kin have my farm, and I hope to God it’ll be the curse to them it’s been to me!’ There the farm is. And look further down” —shifting the switch to another direction—- “there’s another dropping to pieces. Lord, when I think of the stories they told me about the crops when I fust came and'put in four hundred dollars that I’d worked hard for in a sawmill. and I think how we used . lie-1‘0, They lknew they- year .,' gmc e up... M: ain’t got no show at ‘ 3] 1y. 7 j V > ‘ ‘ egal— "Batman they get to bu‘ ., Wes- - lay Orr?” ’ _ “They’re not needing much buy- ing. They’re, on to a new scheme—— going to turn all these farms into big pastures and fatten cattle with alfalfa. raise it and ship it; then'the lower part of the county, dqwn be- low town, they intend to run a ditch ~ through from the river and irrigate it. They will fetch in a colony who will .pay them about ten times what they paid, I expect, and——” ' “ButWe won’t let them—’5 “Depends on how many guns the colony’s got and how much .fight there’s in it. They’ll try it. anyhow, unless—” “Unless——” repeated Robbins un— easily. ' “Unless they’re scared off, unless they think it’s death for a man to tackle us.” “I kinder wish,” said Robbins, .“that he came from another town.” “What’s the difference about \the town?” _ ”Oh, none I guess. But that town, it’s in Iowa, and it sent the best things we’ve ever had. One woman put in a lot of jams and jel- lies and tea—such tea! My wife was sick then, and I didn’t know but I’d lose her. I gave her some of that tea and some jam, and she began to pick up frOm that day. It quince jam} and made her think of home, she said. Her father was a Connecticut man, and they had an orchard with quince trees in it—I‘re— member—-” He did not finish the sentence, but he sighed as he ab- sently ran his. eye over the gaps in THAT FARM BELOHCED TO A5 HARD-WORKIHG,5MART A FELLER A5 EVER HAHDLED A PLOW " ’ / to set around the fire evenings, my wife and, I, talking about how the town was a growing and what it would be when the trees was grow- ed and our children was going to school, and how we’d have a cabinet organ and we’d have a top buggy, and we’d send for her mother, who didn’t jest like it with Bill’s wife— we was jest like children. making be- lieve! But that ain’t what I was driving at. Here it is. We calcu- lated that we’d be alone, beéahse the poor, miserable remnants of stock and machines and farms we got sim- ply wasn’t worth outside folks tak-. ing, and inside folks wouldn’t risk their lives by dispossessing us. That’s how we sized it up, ain’t it?” “I don’tsee yet what you’re after; Wesley.” . "You will. 'We reasoned that way. But along comes'this company, this (firs; and we’re ready. toshoot. ~-———trusti,wt~hat’s clean nagafnstthetmq ‘- 1“ , ,Tt sire-Varies» . mm a Whole pm; the harness mended with rope. “I' bet he didn’t have nothing to do with that box,” said Orr; “most like, the people sent us that were poor folks themselves and had to pinch to make up for the things they sent us. ’Taint the rich people are sorriest for poor folks. This young Wallace—~his father’s the owner of a big paper, and rich beSides, and he’s got this boy in training for edi— tor; and when that first duck could do nothing out here, the old man said he’d buy‘in. and theyoung one »thought it a mighty smart thing to do to Come over here and turn a lot of half-starved women and children out in winter. What’s he .care? What do any of these rich» folks care?” ~ ‘ “I don’t think you’re. fair, Wes- ley,” said Robbins. "‘All, rich folks aren't mean. I- know was a more about iii: ‘ _ , , , , awar- » to make money and’yet to feel-ev- ery year you’re a sinking deeper in. akéf’n , puzzle out better. ., . , a half tray to the slough! here, and ’ceptfng the first year, ev- ery single year has piled interest on ’ the mortgage. Every year we’ve had less clothes to wear and poorer stuff to eat, and it’s been mend" in- . stead of buy, and we’ve had more debts and more worries every year. I tell you, Mr. Robbins, I thought‘it would kill me, once, to come, on the county. .. I’d a) said I’d starve first; but you can’t see your wife and the children starve. Iuwentin last wint- er and asked for'relief. I’d that old hound dog of mine with m3, you kn-owed him. He’d been a good dog. He came with us when we, come here, running under the wagon. All the children had played with him. I took him into town, and I asked every one ’I knowed would he have that dog for a gift; I showed off all his tricks, feeling like I was dirty mean deceiving him, for I done it so somebody would be willing to take him 'home and feed him and take care of him, for it’s 'God’struth I hadn’t enough for him and the child- ren too. But nobody wanted him; he was pretty old, and he wasn’t never handsome. And one store I Was in, as I went out I heard a drum- mer that was trying to sell goods say, ‘I saw that feller at the Re- lief, but I notice he’s able to keep a dog. Lets the children go hungry ruther’n the dog, I guess.’ I kind-er turned on him, then I turned back again, and I whistled to Sport, and I looked at him and saw how his ribs showed and his eyes was kinder sunk. He wagged his tail and yelp- ed“ like he used to. seeing me look at him; and then I went straight to that drug store Billy used to keep— Billy Harvey. He moved away last year; he was a good friend of mine. I said to him, ‘Billy, you got some- thing that would kill ardog in a flash, so he’d never suifer or kno what hurt him?’ And Billy—he un- derstood and he said he had. ‘You jest put it on his tongue and he’d never know what killed him.’ Billy was sorry for me. He gave it to me for nothing, and he gave me some bones and corn bread and milk; so Sport had a good dinner. And he come right up to me and looked me! in the eyes, wagging his tail. His eyes was kinder dim, but they was just as loving as ever. And he was wagging his 'tail' when he dropped. Then I went home and the children asked me where was Sport. and lit- tle Peggy cried—oh, Lord!” “It was awful hard on you, Wes- ley,” said Robbins gently. . “I suppose it wasn’t nothing to what some men have suffered. There was poor Tommy \Valker, give up his farm when it was foreclosed ——-thought he had to—and went off tramping to Kansas City, and af- ter he’d tramped a week there. look- ing for a job, gave it up and jumped into the river. And'you know how old man Osgood killed himself, hon— est an old man as ever lived; al- ways kept his machinesunder cover, too; he couldn’t stand it. They found it harder—and lots more, too; but I’ve found it hard enough. And I know I’d shoot that sneaking, sneering young Shylock. and not mind it near so much as I minded killing poor Sport.” ‘,‘1 don’t know but we’d all better quit," said the younger man with a sigh. “Th-is isn’t a living country. Three years of drought would break any country up. It’s not meant to live in. We had a fair crop this year, but it’s so low; and freights though' they’re lower, are pretty high. I don’t see any way out of it, And I declare I think if we run this young fellow ofl we’ll only get bad name fbr the place.” . “I don’t care said the Other sullenly. “I got a wife and three children; I was forge; 4. closed a year ago—80’s you, Leo’s a lot .of the boys; we’reat the end of our string now—legally.‘ rdid we say? wa it 18 mage to kl I’ve worked five" Years . ' for bad. names,” . So 'what . V ., We said we didn’t care ‘ 1 . \ I . interrupted, “quit it! ‘ wthere savage windshad b'lown - dark, and the greater part ‘ loWer. story; but , .. ution, and how . in. (and initiative wil w’free s‘ilveri‘will helpr—I gues talk how they’re fighting the battles fat "the peer man, and the eastern _ ‘bioodsuckers has ,ruinedus, and the Shylocks are devouring us, and they holler the roof off. I listen to ’em, 'but I don’t believe ’em.any more than you do.” _ “-But,” interrupted the' other man eagerly, “I voted with the people’s party—” “Of course you did. We was go- ing to be unanimous, and you dass not stand out; but you didn’t believe in it. Me either. I ain’txmakin’ any pretense, but I’ll tell you it’s jest here—I’m down to bed-rock; If I let my farm be took, away and my stock what’s going to become of my wife and children? You can call it stealing, or resisting the law, or any- thing you please, but J I’ll kill that feller before I'll let him turn me out." " “Don’t you think we can scare him off? Killing’s a nasty word.” “My father was with John Brown and; he helped kill a man. He never lost no sleep about it; I shan’t neith- er.‘ Look here, Mr. Robbins, I got lots ‘of time to think, winters—blots. Remorse and all them fine feelings you read of. they don’t belong to folks that are way down in the dirt. You got to have something to eat and wear, and not have your stomach sassing you, and you half froze most of the time; when your body is in each a flx~it’s your mind so full there ain’t any show for any other feelings. And look a’ here, ' there’s worse”— his voice sank. “Why, you git to that pass you ain’t able to feed your own wife and babies. When this morn- ing Peggy kept hushing the baby, and she was fretting and moaning; and Peggy says to me, couldn’t I git a little crackers in town; maybe the baby could eat them? I didn’t feel nothing ’cept a numb aching. I kept saying, {I'd ’a felt that, once!’ But I didn’t feel it now. And all of a sudden, it come to mel'twas be- cause I was gitt-ing past feeling-— like you dowhen you’re‘froze. jest before you die. I read a story once, when I was a little shaver, that kept me awake nights many a time,-——” “Look here, Wesley," his companion You're getting light-headed. Get rid- of sad]: fool thoughts as those or you’ll be going off to the insane asylum; and mighty little use yonr family will have of you there!" Orr gave him no answer. Robbins watched his impassive face and frowned. Silently the two men looked at the nearing lights, while the wagon creak ed and swayed and rattled over the . road. There were enough lights in the windows to reveal the wide untidi- ness of the street, the black, boarded windows of the empty shops, the gaps in the sidewalk, the haggard. gardetiils, e heart out of deserted rose-trees and geraniums. In general the sky-line was low and the roofs the simplest peaks; but it was broken in a few places by three and four-storied brick buildings of the florid pomp on which a raw western town loves to lavish its money. Now they loOmed, dark ‘ _ and silent, landmarks of vanished am- bition. The sole sparks of. life in the place were at the hotel. It had been built, "during the boom"——-a_large rec- 'tangle of wood, with a cheap and gaudy piazza; all painted four shades of green, which the climate had burned, blistered and bleach-ed in- to one siékly, mottled brown. Long ago the stables of the Ihostelry had "been abandoned, but this night the stable yard was full ‘of wagons. The upper story of the hotel was of the ' the kitchen was bright, and yellow light leaked. thru I ' .Veveryr'chink .and crack «in the office .4930 ‘ 1 ,1 little more rain three years- 'ago‘"When corn was up would have. ' .helped more’n anything—Tana they .~ have turned out well, I, * hiss; lfhelpf / keeping . . .. latenar ewes. wrinkled and. flabby, and the furtzive eyeshots that its cast toward the stove were anxious beyond .his’ - concealing. Any- one, however, could perceive that mat— . ters ‘of heavy import Were being dis- cussed. The rmise'rably clad men about ,the stove all looked sullen. There Was none of the easy-going haddnage so habitual with westerners. “Where is he?” said Orr, in an un- dertone~ to a large man in a buffalo coat. The large man was the sheriff of the county. He jerked his thumb over his Shoulder in the direction of the dining-room. “What’s he like?” .“Little fellow with a game leg.” Orrfrowned. Robbins felt uncom- fortable. A gaunt man on the out- skirts of the circle added: , “He’s powerful slick, though; you can bet your life. That girl Susy is all won , n the air."'. I . , gether. 'he thought. .“Well, if there is, I idon’t know it-" said the, sheriff. ‘ “You never will known anything agent it, either,” a gray haired man a ded. “That’s right, Kinney," two or three spoke at once. But immedi- ately a silence fell on them. Robbins who felt himself an outsider, could see that the others drew closer to- Once or twice he caught sinister murmurs. He began to wish that he had not come. “It would be no earthly use for me to chip in and try to soften them," “They’re crazy with de- feat and misery and the fool stuff campaign orators have crammed down their throats.” Just then the dining room door opened, and Robbins was the only one of the group to turn his'head. The other men gazed at the fire, and the heavy silence grew heavier. (Continued next week) Thank’e, Kind Friends, for Words of Cheer Keep the Good Work Going “Keep the good work going on. The farmers are gaining. 0ftimes feel like writing to you and saying “thank you” when reading the M. B. F. In regards to the candidate for govern-or will say farmers are all right but I think we need a governor that, is used to the ways at Lansing as the lobbyists are too well versed in the ways. Last winter gave us a good idea what farmers will do when . Spfing’e '3‘ ’7' M"! .. , .‘fi'r . Feel the way, We value your paper very much for the market reports, particularly on farm produce—Glenn Ellis, County. Enclosed please find one dollar to- pay my subscription another year.‘ That’s the paper with backbone to it. I hope You success and good luck the coming yearn—Elmer Straub, Mecosta County. . Have been a reader of your paper for three years now and weal] enjoy it very much; it sure is a good farm paper—Fred LaCass, Genesee County. Me think M. B. F. is one of the fin- est farm papers published.——Wm. A. Cameron, Huron County. Iwislh to say I find your paper very helpful in my business of farming.»- Ray Down, lonia County. I claim the M. B. F. is the best farm paper for business, that a Michigan farmer can read—L. B. Merrill, Ros- vommon County. I We think your paper the best of all farm papers we take—Leslie Oakland ' Simpson, Eaton county . L .- u. ..-lllllllu-n. ‘ IIIIIIIIII-lnu .. ..- ill/L... NOWADAYS the chug-chug of the ‘ farm tractor is heard in every corner of the land. Tractors are 'at ~work in the fields of many thousands of farms and if you look them over you will find them a mixed lot. Tractor farming is still in its youth. _Novelty is still in the surge toward power farming. . The impractical theorists are still in the ring,limping but not out of the running. Adventurers who swarmed ‘into What they termed the “game” are still “playing." The hazards facing the farmer in search of reliable power are many. In all this turmoil, one tractor like a steady star has lighted the way. That tractor bears the trusted name— Titan 10-20. It has led because it is the product of practical builders of good farm machines; because it is backed by many'years of experience and unquestioned reputation. f . . ,L . -mme‘.‘ ‘ 2:3!" 3:1,“.- ‘ s g =_ . ‘0) v. " fl {‘"T‘W. r ‘3'.) ‘ .’!\‘.- .31...‘ ' ' ' ffii‘v -' "“i \s ‘ s ' ~\,"'.'_""."‘_""L“',;.',"'.r""""..'-' State...>......... : "i- P.0- non0.00.0000IOQOOoooogotoot00000900;-o. _ l . ‘ x 1 fit‘ It this is a renewal, j , was; he: 1 Send- a; , enclose the yellow luau to ~ ' ' SVOI libel. tr ill, ‘9; address“. ! stio . er ’ YEAR CHILDRENz—We have re- cently awarded two prizes for original drawings, and if the artist is. unable to get these in this week, I promise you that they will ap- pear later. The prizes of “A Trip Around the World" in postal cards were sent to the winners, Myrtle Neu- man, of Glennie, and Henrietta Dros- ter, of Eagle, Mich. And now I want to tell you what 1 have planned for the winter months and hope you will be pleased. You know in most of the home magazines they run what we call ”continued stories, " that is, stories which are too long to be printed all in one week and so a part is printed each week until the story is completed. This week we home a complete story, but beginning with next week and continuing for a' number of weeks, we ,will have a continued story and at least every other week, and perhaps every week we will be able to have a puzzle. We want our page to be just as interest- ing as any other in the paper. Affec- tionately yours—~LADDIE. I THE JUNIOR _COOK Orange Salad Pick over and wash one head of lettuce. (A tender cabbage leaf might do.) Wrap in a cloth and put in a cool place for at least two hours Just before meal time, peel and slice two oranges. Arrange the lettuce leaves (3 to a plate is plenty). on a salad plate. Put two or three slices of orange on each plate on top of the lettuce. 'Into a measuring cup pour Three tablespoonsful vegetable oil juice as preferred. One and onehalf tablespoonful of either white vinegar or lemon juice as preferred. One-half teaspoonful salt. Oneihalf teaspoonrul paprika. Mix together well with a spoon and then dip over the dishes of salad. Serve at once with wafers or tiny brown bread sandwiches. \ One head or lettuce and two oranges will make eight plates of salad. Fine for a holiday luncheon or din- ner. LETTERS FROM 'OUR BOYS AND GIRLS Dear Laddie—«II have never written to on before, so thought I would try my uck. I go to school every day. I haven t missed but one day and a half this year. I am twelve years old now. My birthday . is the third of November. I am in the sixth grade at school. I have a. little brother three years old. his name is Mer- ton and his birthday is the 4th of July. We had a. Christmas tree at school and at home too I got a lot of nice presents. The snow is pretty well gone here now. We have a. dog and cat. The dog’s name ‘Shep”. We live about six miles from e nearest town. We have a Ford car. I will close for this time as my letter is {Getting quite long. Hoping to see my let- r in taint —Myrtie Hage1, Vermontville, Mich" D., No. 3. Dear Laddie—I am 11 years old My Ether takes the M. B F. My father has o colts named Bets and Maude. We ve four horses and four cows, also two yearlings and three calves. We have 33 cap and 29 pigs. \Ve have an 80-acre . I am in thhe fifth grade ata school. There are 18 pupils in our school. My teacher's name is Miss Hill I am going to be a farmer when I get big. My lettex is getting quite long so I will ose, hoping to see my letaer in print.— asil Miller, Batavia, Mich. Dear Laddie——I have written to you before, but didn’t see my letter in print. no thought I would write again. I am 11 ears old and in the fifth grade. I like go to school. My teacher’s name is iss M. A. Thayer. I like her very much. There are 37 children in my room. “’eil I will close for ‘now, hoping I will tter in print and hear f1om some of the ot er little girls and boys. —Ruby ‘ Randall, Webbervlllé, Mich. Yewmylt Dear Laddie—This is the first time I ve written to you. I am ten years old. have no brothers or sisters. For pets I v7. tWOW cats, their names are Fuzzy and We hays two horses and eight . I also have a pet calfo enlist! 1April. e . PLANTING A TEA SET By SARA_ E. WILTSE (Copyright reserved). ORE than 60 years ago a small M girl lived-on a farm in Michi- gan. Her only dishes were the broken parts of a little china tea-set. The sugar bowl had lost its cover, the teapot spout had been broken off,'and the cream pitcher had no handle. The tea cup was very friendly with the cream pitcher, for it too was with- D .‘ A ' w); uut a handle, and 1.1.18 small girl played there were two saucers, as one was in two parts! These tiny dishes were decorated with very pink flow- ers and delicate sprays of green leaves. Every little piece was well washed and dried whenever the small girl and her smaller doll had a tea- party. One day when the farmer was plant- ing acres Of potatoes the small girl watched the careful cutting of the seed-potatoes before .they were put in the ground. Feeling sure that she 'had mastered ‘ the lesson about potato eyes and the fall crop, she hurried to look at the parts of her beloved tea-set. She had a. plot of her very own in the flower garden, and for. once she Was glad that her dishes were already broken, for she decided to plant them! part was put into its little hole and covered with a shapely hill of good earth. Her garden was hoed, we'eded and watered with diligence, and when others were digging potatoes, she dug for tea-sets! She was a brave child, and when she found only the pieces she had planted», she washed and dried them, saying to herself—“Good thing the seeds didn’t ro-t"——-and no- body knsw of. (her thwarted attempt to grow tea-sets until she was a grown woman, with a little boy who lOVed to hear her tell about long ago when she was a little girl. Then one day she told him the secret. Not long afterward she had a birth- day and one of her presents was a. lovely little tearset with pink flowers“ and sprays of green leaves. The little boy had saved his pennies until he > had enough to buy the gift of which nobody but (his mamnma guessed the secret when he said that it was for the little girl whose tea-set never grew. She took her boy in her arms, and laughing said, “But it has grown, it has grown, my precious boy, and it is more beautiful to me than any tea-set ever made.” . Every ‘ , .‘o‘tm PUZZLE ’ The Three clowns It is told ’of a circus parade in which three clowns walked; they were numbered 6, 3, 1 and a free tick- et to the circus was offered to any- one who. could so arrange them that the whole number formed would be divisible by seven. Can you arrange them? ( Ax-Golf- The old farmer was trying to im- press upon his son, who wanted to play golf for exercise, that chopping wood would answer the purpose just as well. “Oh no, father,” said the boy, “it is the walking between strokes that makes golf such a valu- able exercise; that gives the legs a change as well as the arms." “Oh, that’s it, is it?” said the old man. And then he went into the yard and placed sticks of wood at inter- vals all around it. After this he handed the boy an ax and said: “Now play the full course.” Dear Laddie—This is the first time I have written to you. My father takes the M.‘ B. F. and likes it fine. I live on a one hundred twenty acre farm. We have 11 head of cattle, six hogs four horses, some sheep and .about 60 chickens. I help my- . father on the farm. I have four sisters and two brothers. I am next to the old- est. I am thirteen years old and go to high school at Farwell and am in thhe ninth grade. My teachers are Miss King. Mr. Chappell and Mr. Oden. I like them all fine. I take four subjects My sister Genevive is writing too. Will close, hop- ng to see my letter in pring—Vélma 1Schofield‘. Farwell, Mich. R. F. TOYS AND USEFUL ARTICLES THAT A BoY CAN MAKE .0. CARDBOARD TACK 0R /— CUT 51.47 FOR C SL/NGSHOT GLIDER. FAJTEN Ruins T06£THER WITH JMALL BRADS, AND BIND W/ TH STk/NG AS SHOWN 13" / BRAD 5,1,;3 L i m. Pusan? , Y_——__I I ‘ .B a R 'D \"u . .4; _— 3 * "1 i 9 1 i i An_i / l , ‘3—7 WIRE To LAUNCH GLiDER — HOLD 5L/N6 IN RIGHT MND, GLID£R IN LEFf .HQO/f RUDBER aAND OI/fi-‘R 734CK_ AND R£L£A5£ IN SAME W I ___.i G _—. {—4 ’4 MANN£R A: IN SAILING .4 OAR-r ' WITH all the agitation concern- ing the effort to conquer the air, any toy that tends to de- velop~ an interest in this matter is at once, exteremely useful and very interesting. The one shown here- with will appeal even to the young- er boys-r-in fact, it is an excellent toy for the real young boy to make. And as for the older boys it is a very good toyrfor them to first make in starting out on any experiments along this line. We ~must- all do the smaller. l , y the dart into the air. “films to things before weoanrhopezto-sdp suc- 2 . ‘ ti: And then he went into the yard could accomplish tasks at the very first attempt, and yet I feel that such would not be the case. * Every boy .knows what the sling- shot is and also what'the dart.is—'4—-. the kind you make'from a.‘ shingle. cut a notch in it, then tie a string to a stick and after that hook the string to the notch by a knot tied in the ~ end .of the string. and then I - the thickness of the cardboard ing this slot. . d _ First get out part A from a light piece of wood. You will notice that this piece tapers ‘both ways—both in width and in thickness. The slot in the broad end must be cut carefully. , A fine saw will be necessary—as near to be used for the wings, as it is possi- ble to get. It is easily seen that this piece can be spllt very easny in saw- fishou‘ldb‘e bound with ord‘inary'string .as shownin the drawing. " The sling should be made next. Thismay be made from wire or from Wood. Every boy;knows how to get one. from wood—the crotch from a small tree, that is, where two small branches separate; If wire is used, it should be heavy enough to with- - stand the strain of casting the glider. Form to the shape indicated and at- O " "to, sail 'theglid’er without It. w . Very-“small * as be 7, sad in fastening the ‘parts. together after which they h .l‘t' ‘.is used to elevate the frent wing which causes it to rise. No finish will be necessary. After you have success-' fully made one of these gliders you can then try your hand at larger things—some of Which will appear later in these columns. Watch» for them. Explanation is. given on the, drawing as to how to proceed to launch the glider. Much fun can be had by having competition among several boys to see who can sail their glider the farthest. HOW To JUDGE A. DAIRY Cowl A—moutfl, b---nostrll, c and e—face, d—eye. .f—neck, n—horns, k—withers, l—baok, m— chest, n—heart girth, c—lolns. p—hips. q—hlps to pin bones, h—legs, r,—thlgh, t—udder, u— teats, v—mllk veins, and w—mllk wells. 0U WERE promised not long ago i that you would be shown some pictures which would help you to know how to judge a goo-d dairy cow and explain a lot of things probably hazy in your minds. It is very im- portant for a young person on a farm to know how to explain these things. Your city relatives will be asking you Just such questions and you would be ashamed not to be able to answer promptly and correctly. Besides that, if you know how to size up a good or bad cow, it is going to mean money in your pockets when you grow up, and maybe right now, if you are al- lowed to have charge of some stock on your farm. . The breed of the cow does not mat- ter so much so long as she is a good dairy cow, (in this article we are go- ing to limit it to talking about the cows producing the best supply of milk.) Jerseys and Guernseys usual- 1y produce the richest milk, while Holstein, Ayrshire and Brown Swiss can usually produce the largest amount. 80 there is considerable dis- cussion as to which is the best kind. In any case, you are most likely to succeed if you choose the breed you like the best. It does not pay to buy a cow mere- ly because she is cheap. A poor pro- ducing cow is pretty sure to lose mon- ey for you, no matter how much care and feeding you provide. If you have to choose between buying one‘ from two or more cows, find out the results ,in the diagrams. of’the scales and the fBabcock test. A good dairy cow should be well devel- oped in many points, not merely in a few. She should have a. large mouth; large, open, distended nostrils; fair length from muzzle to eyes, which should be Ilarge, bright and prominent separated by a broad, well dished face. ' The ears of a good dairy cow are usually of medium size. The horns small and incurving (or otherwise agreeing with the standards of the breed‘). The neck should be clean- cut, lfiig and ‘thin. Be sure to watch for the wedge shape, which is shown The Withers should be painted with the backbone refined, but prominent, often jointed and straight from the shoulders to the tail setting. There should be depth to the chest, and flat and deep ribs. The hide—should be supple and the hair silky. Her thighs should be thin and well arched out. A large, highly at- tached udder invariably shows a. big yield. The teats should be well placed, one at each corner. Also be sure to watch for the milk veins ex- tending from the udders. It is better to choose a. good cow of this sort with a blemish or two, than to choose a poor cow which may look fairly pleas- ing to the eye. ‘ With these points in mind, you should talk the matter over with the folks and with others who are well- posted on good dairy cows, and you will always be pretty safe in making a deal of this sort. I V MUSKRAT TRAPPING HINTS sidered easy to trap, many points may he of benefit to you and help to increase your catch. For the beginner it is best not to try to handle too many traps, six or eight is about the right amount. In making sets in the banks of streams muddy water will often tell if the hole is inhabited. Set the trap at the entrance and fasten the chain so the rat will not pull itself back in the hole after being caught. It it does it is very difficult to get it out .. without spoiling the den. , Ifyon catch a rat set again in the same place andtyon will/likely get another, Ieyhave caught four rats “in 'Dneho‘l’e. Another good set is to , find moundsabove the water which ,xinditiatd-‘pre’sence' of muskrats and ‘ ‘ lace a trap- at theioot of it about. ‘ ’ ' road the - ater.. A " ‘ wil ‘ l a a LTHOUGH the muskrat is con- .ed so the rat will go over the trap to effective late in the season than in the early part. They should be plac- get it. So much natural bait in plain sight *might attract the atten- tion of people who make it a business to take other people's catch. In mak- ing shallow water sets reach your trapping ground at dark as a musk— rat will chew ofl' its leg is soon as it is light. Do not skin muskrats as soon as they are taken from the wa- ter, wait until they are dry. The hide should be taken off. and stretched pelt side out. Remove the tails as they are worthless. Hides caught during warm weather should be rub- bed with salt on the flesh side and shipped as soon as possible. For stretching the average muskrat, a board five and a half inches wide at the bottom and narrowing down to two inches at the top, eighteen inch- es long and a fourth inch thick will do. Let the hide dry a vector ten ‘ to "try ‘ . , PLAIN 9“”. 133) ; , , crests me. Stop war! -- m}. care not what your _ homes may- be; all I ask is that you 0 not slump back into the old plan whereby you settled your disputes periodically by a. carnival of murder, burning, rape and devastation. “I am law. ‘ I am common sense. I am democracy. I am ' justice. All those things are but names for me. “I am dumb. I have no place in your parleys, no vote. But in my hands, men, is the reward you crave. In my body is the food of your high- est hunger. _ In mysoul is the golden casket that holds your dreams. “You shall have no peace 0f mind, you shall have nothing but bitterness, and bloody revolutions, and the ter- ror of night until you give me what I want. “I am the eternal woman. And with me is the eternal God..And with- réu um t > out 115 you can do nothing but evil.” FRANK CRANE ( Copyrighted, 1919) VEGETABLES—DRESSED . UP It is just about this season of the year that we begin to wonder what we will have to eat to vary the menu. One of our readers reminded me of this when she wrote in last week, asking: “Why don’t we have any ‘Qtinta'and on” . MEWS“! . _ "dishevep eat, I should like-some new a . ing ways of preparing orse Q And so this week .I aim-giving ‘ a few special dishes made of ordinary fruits and vegetables such as 16, would have in your collar or can very easily obtain. Some of them-can , be used for left overs, while some are very nice for luncheon dishes. ‘ Turnip Balls . Cook rutabagas or turnip tender. drain, mash, season with salt, pepper . butter and a little sugar, roll into ' small balls, dip in beaten egg: flour or bread crumbs. Fry in deep fat. With care this can be browned nico- ly by rolling in skillet with a little ‘ drippings. Carrots .and Peas c 9 Select rather large carrots. Cut them off so they will be of even lengths, using the large end. Cook until tender, then with a sharp knife cut out the inner and lighter part. leaving the darker shell. Heat and season a can of peas and fill these carrot shells with the peas. This special, served on the plate direct from the kitchen, with potatoes on the half shell, makes a very attract- ive plate for a company dish. The ends and insides of the car- rots thus used, can be utilized in vegetable soup. J Ul‘llgIdEer A ANIMALS ER WELLMA C I I ' ‘ TRENS‘POSE THE. LETTER? or two consecurmvr. scones m anon eminence. . ems ‘ HAVE ‘Po‘OR 15mm Rue, . f \\\\\‘ I w\\\\\( / V\.——.4A~ _\ - I I ll.\\&{\h‘§\\ Boys! Girls! ..._v ..._ ._.. year at $1.00 each. ‘v Address u: , " 1111-0; {Wt-“Tm place. x 4 xi This School Outfit YOURS for a LITTLE Extra Work HOW THEY DID 11‘ They simply called on two of their friends who were not taking Michigan Business Farming. had them look over one or two meant copies and explained just what this weekly has done and is doing for the farmers of Michigan and convinced them that they ought to be taking M. B. F. ii theyexpected to keep abreast of the times and derive the same benefit over 70,000 farmers are now enjoying. Then they explained that they were working for a school outflit. settled it, their friends subscribed and now the School Outfit is theirs. _ HERE’S YOUR CHANCE ‘ All you have to do to win this outfit is to call on two of your friends who are not now taking M. B. F. and ask them to help you win the outfit by giving you their subscription to M. B. F. for one Send us the $2.00 with their names and mi; dress, plainly written and the outfit will be yours. ‘ on Get your Father, Mother, Big Brother or Sister to help you. . MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMING “ 3 During the pus: t 30 days more than ' 50 “LIVE WIRE“ boys and girls have secured {his dandy outfit which con— Sisis of 3 pencils. 1 pen holder. 1 com‘ binsZic-n pen and pencil. 12 pen points and holder. 1 pencil sharpener. l ink and pencii eraser and 1 alum— inum collapsible drinking cup. all packed in a beanie ful box. without it costing a penny. That 01’ ”M' Autos-finder Mechanic nanotechnooam’ A. Yechunlcclly ntfieyd’zu eytothe wecney ., W 1.11171 ll!“ sustain 3mm “J * Q macs) ““3310 by wuigu G,oooo 51¢: E . expert. I teach fithh tools not books. ework youreethfo , meet and over £20000 mechanics. Imulnsfew Wmno previous experlen eeueeeuuy. w ' th totodsyf Illustrated! es FREE showing hung-eds llot let’s-es mg: _ e School. I - - - - worklngln new MillionDo liar E SCHOOL 0 I): SWEENEYBLDG. KANSA: CITY.P‘IO mesh Eere’ s the book that tells all about the famous MARTIN‘ ‘Corn Saver" . CRIBS and BlNS—the cribs that are ;\ 5Q”? made of galvanized steel—are fire- or? proof rnt- proof, mould proof and thief- proof~ ~cheapcr than wood— eesier to erect. Tells how you can get\ ‘ 20% More Gut of Your Corr. Send us/ your name and address and not this big catnlo tree—also our SPECIAL LOW P- (ES. Write tod u; . Martin Steel Products Co. ., Dept. 602 Mansfield, 6. l SAVE 82 T0 $3 PER BUSHEL , Hi gh seed such seweofl'rwillbev - lutelr. “m“ higher. Get your eegd while ymegnscere obtai; the best stonr low pr! 3. Every lot Wonderful Value Wholesale Prices Highest Quality Don’t fail to investigate these bargains Recleaued Tested Timothy $5. 60b u L Sweet Clover $6.40 bu. Alsike Glover and Timothy $8.10. bu. Sudan Grass 15: lb. Clover and other Grass & Field Seeds at low prices. All sold subject to State or Govcrment ’l‘cst under an absolute mono k guarantee. We are specialists in grass and lie seeds. Located so as to save you money and give uick service. Send today for our money-saving Seed uide which explains all, free. We expect higher prices--Buy now and save big money. American Mutual Seed 00. Dept. 527 Chicago, Ill. Tanners of Horse and Cattle Hides ,. All kinds of skins , with the fur on. We 'i': make up and line ‘ robes, coats, gloves, mittens and ladies furs. We mount deer heads. Tell us the kind of fur you tanned and write you want READING. MlCH. AT WHOLESALE , Buynow before-dunes. h 12th mess. ”“3 :"é’c'fvfi'fm’él’imfififisiuvi‘ififi‘éfif 83519;? W. W. WEAVER, Custom Tanner, We love you money. Fielwd Seeds any had until you seeiour sam MMwatm Clove:00d ”dam Alsilke: sold estaugalgcvteg utual Seed Co. Dept. 121 Chicago, Ill. ' 5“ C'ean Out Business Farmers and Slockmen “Mod a general find local agents, In coun- ties and townships where In m not now represented. Write or call at once. _ (77!: Ti: 1hr: Lina for Conny-um: Animal Lift. ) ‘ PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS, Luna Park Experiment station. Grand Lodge. Michigan. Chickensfick?—UeeGeI-mozon wan-{£3 an Ecuwi“ m'hockul’ogla I3.111%.5lfic' WELDN res 011w .... ‘rml'wsenev pump 24 “Inn-Isa. u psr.1.000.snd 001: II! (It? aet- . 11ml! shout wmost mums" t1? to. no er» ' ._ lowing questions: ~ It A sold a. farm to B and B payed oneéslxth down,the balance on con— tract of a. stated - amount plus the interest annually should B give a mort- gage in connection with his note. If 50 could A sell the mortgage to another party? If not, would thera be any way that A could get the balance other than as contract stated? Yours truly, S. A. H. It the farm is sold on a contract there would be no mortgage and usually no note as the contract spec- idea the payments and time and rate of interest as well as the other terms of a contract. The record title re- mains in the grantor in the contract. One may sell the contract the Same as he would sell a mortgage, but he ~ .would also give a deed of the farm to the‘purc‘haser of the contract, mak~ ing the deed subject to the terms of the contract. —-—W. E. Brown, legal ed-- itor. USE OF SPARK INTENSIFIEBS - Does a. spark intensifier on a. Ford, short the coil or many way harm the coil or magneto? What, makes so many porcelain cracks in my can—A. F. S., Saginaw County. There is no harm in the use of a spark intensifier in Uhe Ford coil sys- tem. Nor will it ha‘rm the magneto. I have the assurance of a prominent Ford dealer which agrees with this statement. The second part of the question regarding the cracking of spark plug porcelains is answered as follows. There is more or less vi- bration in a Ford motor at all speeds. There is a particular speed at which there is more vibration than at any other. On some cars this excessive vibration occurs at a rate of speed of about seventeen miles per hour. On some others it is a little higher. This would account for the tendency to break porcelains as is frequently ' the case in Ford cars—E. 0. Sauce, M. A. 0. - TAX ON BONDED STOCKS Does a. person need pay special tax on full blooded stock that he keeps for the improvement of his own herd and not be a. member of a Breeders’ Association? Also give No. of volume Statute and page for the benefit of furthur investigation. Please answer in next issue if possible. fimgs firuzly,‘ H. A. Rae, Beaverton, Mlch.. 18th, relative to a special tax on full, blooded stock. The constitution and laws of the State of Michigan require that all property shall be assessed for pur— pose of taxation at its true cash val— ue; therefore the owner of full blood- ed stock should be required to pay taxes on the actual value of the stock, the same as on any other class of property—Board of State Tax Commissioners, B. F. Burtless, Secretary. 11....116. clan-”in mm for urmm': .' ' . all 05:11»:an :1: reuse“! {or Informstlon sources“ to this document. Ween We have your letter of December ' It’duewfi’ 0% every day traubl CONCRETE GRANABY I’ve been building cement granary this fall and I would like to know irony of the patrons boys had any exer erlonco ln keepn grain in such a. hull wish or rat r Will have to line th blue with lumber to keep the grain array from the cement or put it rigt on the floor. that has tried this Now, if someone . would give me some advice throng; the paper I would appreciate it. --W H.. Walker-ville. It is a very common practice to. keep grains in bins having concrete floors without the use 01' any wooden. flooring to keep the grain away from the concrete. If the floor were made of a very lean mixture, and, there fore, porou’s, and it it were located ‘where the natural drainage Was bad, there might be some necessity for us- ing a wood covering but usually there is no necessity Wlhatever for it- Neith- er Will there he need for a. wooden lin- ing when the granary walls are made of concrete. This is proved by the fact that hundreds of. concrete grain elevators are in. daily mic and are keeping grain in a first-class condi- tion. All that '15 necessary is that the walls be made of a. reasonably good quality of concrete. We might men- tion in this connection that practical- ly every grain elevator of over 100,- 000 bushels capacity which has been built during the past six years has been of concrete.——'—A. J. M. Curtis. Manager Farm and Cement Products Bureau, Portland Cement As’sn. INFORMATION FOR TI-[E CENSUS Will you lei; me know why it is that in the government census the valuation of farm property is taken while the city property, that Is, what is not for farm purposes. is not asked for?——M. AZ, Lin- col-n, Mich. The census law does not provide for the census of property that is not producing something. The law says the census shall be restricted to inquiries relating to population. to agriculture, to manufacture, to for- estry, and forest products, nd to mines and quarries. A far is a factory in the sense that it is pro- ducing something, whereas a city home and its surroundings 'is merely a place of habitation. Questions relating to agriculture include name, color, sex, country of birth. Of occupant of. each farm. tenure,'acreage of farm, acreage-of woodland, value, of farm and provements, and the encumbrance thereon, value of farm implements, number of live stock on farms, ranch- es and elsewhere, and the acreage of crops and the quantities of crops and other farm products for the year ending December 31st next preced- phomful .«untlou elven M _ which they are kept. im- . terprises. , the cam vested 111 such enterprises ~Edltar. here ‘0 “ll" you.) -~' . ".11, - -. COST OF WINTER FEEDING I have a. friend who has two horses. ‘ four coWs and a. year-old calf and wants me to take them and let them run with I keep my cattle in the barn every night and give them good “oats, straw and 1111 the shocked corn fodder the can eat, and salt and water. What is two'rth to feed and take care of these seven head of stock a month as he wants . me to keep them till grass this spring? The cows are dry and not giving milk at all. Please give me advice. -—A. E. 0., Saginaw County. It is rather difficult, according to Prof. M. “A. Brown, of M. A. 0., it not ‘lmpossible‘ to estimate the monthly cost of handling this stock, as much willdepend' upon the amount“ of feed fed them and the condition in Furthermore, the amount of stalks and straw fed to them will depend a great deal_on> their quality. figure this to both parties would be to make a careful estimate of the amount of. straw and stalks that these cattle and horses consume and then let the owner of the stock pay the man who is caring for them for the feed at market price. Straw with us is worth from $10 to $12 pér ton on our local market. This arrangement would not take into consideration the labor of car- ing for them which would not need to be considered if the feeds were paid for at a pr1ce such as they would demand it hauled to market as, in addition to saving the labor of haul- ‘ing the feed to town, the caretaker would also have the manure left on his place. HOW TO FEED MOLASSES' Could you tell me how to feed molas- ses? Should itbe bediluted and how much should be fed to horses and cattle?—-—-Sub- Scriber. In using the heavy molasses usual- ly sold for feeding purposes one should add from one to two parts or water for every portion of molasses, says Prof. A. C. Andersonr of M. A. C. Stir this thoroughly and in the case of cattle pour the material on the silage and grain or sprinkle it upon the rough feed. In using mo- lasses for horses it is almost always sprinkled on the hay or straw. In feeding beet sugar molasses one should usually limit his feeding op- erations to one pint per day. Double this amount however, may be fed in the case of cane molasses. In all instances begin with small portions and gradually increase to the desir- ed quantity. SENSE AND NONSENSE I/IWW/K/a. cl 0‘ ")0 \. .Elg‘ggevitf - ' w11.1. GROW wmcs . Mr. Butterfly—Mr. Caterpiller is not sporty these days. Mr. Moth—No, but he will be very fly later In the season. Reckless Doctoring Doctor: “Madam, I shall have to paint your husband’ 5 throat with 11l- trate of silver. ". . Proflteer’m Wife: trate o! 'gold,-doctor. is quite immaterial." “Please use 111-4 The expense Preparedness Wifle—Q—“Dear John. mother was so pleased with all those nice things me. you said about her in your- letter to a You see, she Opened it by mls-’ The Awful German > Language Jud Tunkins says he has no ob- jection to German music. What he frets over is the German words that. go with the music. \ A Suggestion Perhaps the United States would accept a. non—resident membership ‘ in the League of Nations. LIKE ‘Lors or us Mrs. Fly—The old hypocrite, he told me he never went near that _ Itqu i The Thrifty Scot ‘ always says ‘lt'ae; for ‘ , 1 lbl " tfé o Bix—“I wonder why a. Scotchmen have Earning His Best “Some ofllceholders are not very industrious." ’ “Well,” explained Senator Sorgh- um, “after a man has been running for oflice he's liable to feel tired enough for a good, long rest.” The Usual Distinction .. “‘Don’t you admire determination ‘ In a. man’s character?” “That depends. If it brings suc- cess I praisé it as splendid persever- ance. If a. failure, I denounce it as , ; confounded obstinacy.” The only fair way to ‘ - P'vwhe. 3,... P‘ .~ gain": grandad a' vacation of . two Weeks ...war a Christmas an’ New . rem y'know. I jest thought I'd go at it an’ solve this hull dum question » ,ofhig‘h‘cost of living' an’ some other; things, that have been a. puszlin’ so many of our prominent men an’ wo- . , men, as well as investigatin' commit-a" tees, for some considerable time. I“ spent sleepless days an' restful ' nights a lookin’ round an’ by keep? ing my eyes open an’ my mouth shut, I have-‘ to my dwn satisfaction , at least, learned quite‘a considerable. Of course, as everybody who has, to buy anything knows, prices on most everything, sugar an" whiskey in- cluded, is a little. high—quite high I might say—but the. cast of high liv- in’ is adarn sight higher an’ right here is where the trouble—a hull lot of‘it anyway,vcomes in. . I found clerks drawin' twenty to thirty dollars a week, had to have the finest clothes made, why they think nothin’ of payin' seventy-five to‘a hundred dollars for a suit of clothes, fifteen to. eighteen dollars each for silk shirts, four dollars for a tie, fifteen dollars for a hat, fifteen to twenty dollars for a pair of shoes. two to three dollars a pair for silk_ socks—oh, they must dress like pea- cocks y’know or folks’ll think they’re cheap skates dont'che know An’ by jingo, their Wives have to go ’em one better in matters of dress, or that hateful Mrs. So and So may be a ‘wearin somethin.’ costin’ a little moment so be entitled toturn up her little snub nose when she meets Mrs. thirty dollar‘a week clerk an’ that wouldn't do at all don’tcha see. Now the man .who employs Mr. clerk an’ who mebbe is worth, fin- ancially, considerable more than he. 'will manage to wiggle along on a 35 or 40 dollar suit of clothes, a $3 hat, a $2 or $3 shirt, at 75c tie and shoes costin' not more’n $6 or $8 an’ seems jest’s if he looked ’bout as well dressed an' feels "bout as com- fy as his thirty doll‘ar clerk, even if he don't happen to be weardn’ silk ‘s-ox an' silk shirt an' everything. Then I go in the butcher shop—- Mr. Clerk comes in an’ he must have the finest cuts of meat, sirloin ‘ or porterhouse "‘cut thick y’know and trimmed up all slick and nice an’ please wrap it up in two papers." on, they’re particler all right, an’ then in comes Mr. Employer an’ he says “got a good soup bone today?” “Well send 'er up an’ say jest gim- me a pound or two of liver will, ya? I'll take it right along because I want it for my supper y’know.” Now it’s a well known fact that the cheaper cuts of meat contains the most nourishment but Mr. Clerk ainft after nourishment, he's got the money an’ he wants to spend it,‘an' nothin’ cheap about him, he's got to keep up appearances y’see an’ how £31111 ?he do it on soup bonds or liver, 11 , In these days of high prices, the thrifty farmer is spoken of in terms (of awe, an’ with bated breath (or breath otherwise perfumed) our city friends will say “jest look at the ol’ farmers. they’re a gittin’ rich an’ makin’ money so fast they have to come to town with a truck load of'it every few days cause they ain’t got room on the farm to store it an’ have to bank it real often.”:—that's about what our friends think, whether they say it or not. , Well, take it for granted the farm- ers.xas a whole. have saved a little money— you probably have noticed that, rich as they are thought to be, most of 'em drives a “Henry’s Pride” otherwise known as ~“Tin Lizzies,” an'4 seem jest about . as . happy‘as though thew wuz drivin' . automobiles. ‘ _ ,But' the twenty—five dollar a «week clerk" don't'drive no .Tin Lizzie, not ' _ o‘nffraur life, .he‘wants a .44 calibre,‘ - 1:2 cylinders"high-'jumpin" car-+-one " * 'thatillggo. better’n a mile a minute . ‘_”W‘1i9il,8he’s"<_m low. somethi‘n’ costin’ :up in thethousands don’tchknow i 17’s little =10? Wagons * A 0 sin: .. , citwnad a-.-'~frisii w “of“shees. for which she. had» paid $8 in “germane; i'l‘h‘eywere jest what ”the F. C. lady :wanted, so‘ she went down town, to ‘iind some like ’em. “A'Goin'riiuto her favorite shoe store, "she was '-sh0wn some shoes that look- ed"'exaCtly like her friends, but they wuzjonly $6‘an’-she must have $8 "senses. Wallfthe dealer bein" wise T to. women’s .my, son “now madam, I have no shoes of that style at $8 today but come in tomorrow after- noon an’ I’ll have 'em,” he sez. 'Boon’s the lady went out he jest 'marked $8 on the box, laid ’em away an’ when she came back next day the shoes were ready for her an' she took ’em, an' went away happy in. the belief that she had her eight dollar shoes, an' the dealer was hap- py cause he’d pleased a good custom- -er‘——but_jest the same he’s more con- vinced than ever that “there’s one born every minute,” “and they’re get- tin’ more numerous every day. I have mentioned Mr. Clerk here, i but what I have said regarding Mr. ' and Mrs. Clerk applies to workers in general—of. course there are excep- tions but the fact remains that peo- ple of small incomes, comparatively speaking are in trying to keep up appearances. living beyond their means, and in always demanding high priced goods, are keeping the cost of living unreasonably high and also unnecessarily high. We could alllive cheaper if. we would an’ be jest as happy too—Uncle Rube. What the Neighbors Say: COST OF PRODUCTION We will vote 'for any man who thor- oughly understands farming and is familiar with cost of production and who'will do all he can to secure for the' farmers a square deal on a cost basis. . We also agree with you that it is necessary to have a large representa- ' tion in the state legislature to back up 3' governor and be composed of men who are not afraid to act as they see best. ~ The virgin fertility of the soil is giving out on many of our farms and we are confronted with the necessity of using commercial fertilizers, and the. steady rising prices of machinery mean higher production cost for us. It is time we were figuring what it costs us to raisa a crop and get to- gether and organize for the purpose of marketing and asking a price which will at least cover the average cost of production. . I believe it is time that we were looking up our men to represent us and single them out and that it is the duty 01 every farmer to get busy.~ J. T,, Bentley, Mich. With Mr. L. Whitney Watkins and Mrs. Dora. Stockman on the Board of Agriculture, .we hope to see ,our agricul- tural college taking an even greater in- terest than in the past in the study of producing costs on the farm. There is a great deal to be done along this line, and if it is a matter that can be aided by legislation, by all means we want men who can be trusted to take the necessary steps—Editor. “YOUR PAPER PRODUCING RE- ' . . SULTS" , Our first choice for governor is Herbert F. Baker, also we must put in. some men who are in sympathy with our aims. ‘Look the way tax- es are soaring. Go to any city and every third man you, meet is some petty officer living on the producer. Our- legislatures, every time they .meet, must find some soft jobs for their henchmen. Soon there will ,be, no producers but all officers. Is it not time to fcall .a halt? -Your_paper is producing»~results in the minds of the farmers. of - this township.— Jfohn H. Shamer‘Essewv-ille, Mich. I————!—"—‘--y—-_—Q - _ . . You willhe‘ intereStedP- in the article on another page of this. issue. “State taxes increased 1.800 :per cent in 24 years.” It IS time to call. a ~halt. The wealth of Michigan has increased by leaps and bounds the past , ten~ years, and we see ‘no sound economiogeason why the rate of fixation should: hayea,‘ likewise, in"- oroitse ‘j-xltisia flu ‘ t'whicKrMiilB. F has ‘ ' y teaand emedy r . :' The. FarmDrudge l’ “ Handyman ‘ “ Chore Boy “ Burden Bearer // E HESE nicknames and others are frequently attached to the good kero- sene engine of which we sing the praises. But, since it is a very serious and practical prose song, the engine shall here be called strictly by its proper name—International. International Kerosene Engines are annually doing millions of hours of work: Annually taking the menial, toilsome, everyday farm jobs—pumpin g, saw- ing, separator turning, washing, grinding, shelling, etc—oil the lame shoulders of grateful men, women . and children the nation over: Annually adding to the service that makes farm leisure possible and farm life more than ever worth while. International quality in general and International Kerosene Engine quality in particular are every- where admitted and admired. These engines are reliable, simple, long-lasting and economical. Among the sizes—1%, 3, 6, and 10—is your correct size. See the International dealer. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY or AMEnIcAu-e. CHICAGO U S A "ioRAINAeEE {PROBLEM SOLVE-oi r ! l l OR the first time American farmers can Solve the drainage problem at low cost. Find out about this tool. Don’t put it off. Write for the new book that tells the story. "' & Grader All-Steel-Reversible—Lasts a Lifetime Cuts V-shaped farm ditch down to 4ft. deep; cleans old ditches; grades roads; builds farm terraces, dykes and levees; works in any soil, wet or dry. 2, 4 and 6 horse sizes: large size fine for tractor. Does work of 100 men. Write and find out how to make big crops sure. New free book on drainage, irrigation and terraclng. Address a‘QWENSBORO DITCHER AND GflthR co. sSOLoofif '03.??? " Box wards-one. KY. .6 The healthy. heavily rooted kind of - “e Strawberry Plants produced on ‘ M ' 'I Baldwin‘s Big Berry Plan Wonderful Bargains i111. _ T EDS Savemoneyon'l‘imoth' Clo ixed’ ' " l 7 . , ver 1! Ab: .. . andTimoth .Rape.8¥veet Clover,Soed h 7" g #3821?!" Mills and other-field and d a fmmthoAd-m-Catalog. - ’ out i: cautioned-at E, .4. Farmsgive largest measure 0 ,.. O on New Ground. Iii-(I .Jfietlireé. hopes. .. .Enough_Sdid . ; beech, Mich. 5\ , ‘ " 9i Camper-ecu " FOR BEST NET RESULTS Writ: - '33:?“ SHIP TO - afi?é£d§inorfi"§’§~§'}u , gains Ind 1. form I“ CULQTTA & JULL mnmtauocourm .31!an , , -. W‘ ..4Most cars 4-perform well 'on/ithe level. The ' test of power is what ararwlll do .on‘ along, , a ' tedioushill climb. That is where reserve'power 2 . l'The Grant Six overhead ' valve motor takes this car f as fast as most men dare to. drive.. Its flexibility is . so marked as to .excite ‘4 : comment. It is quick on -’ 4 the )getaway::m1d it. will 1 slowdmnrto a mall: writh 4 . 4 a steady, even, vibration- - less pull. ,‘ .. Itlismolsecnetcthat 52:1 through the use 0? both :1 annulare-and roller bear- “ tings, .by..1:heuse ofhighest . grade universal joints, and 44 ' "'by"tlre'1nost"effective ‘lu- ..L .b‘-=14; 4 ‘fLZ:';-. 2 2 g ' , counts and that-is-where 'you'w'feel a keen-sense ‘77 5 ' of delight if you “drive 'a Grant Six, for this car) has power in reserve; more power-perhaps than is necessary for-ordinary. rhiring-r—ebut it is :just that EXTRA. PGW'E'R that, makes 'the Grant Six show .so remarkably .wellon hills. . brioation of ..all .. Working‘ parts-,- .eGrant .Six gpewer losses through friction are . xwa’eticallytmthing It is 1this' rfact, 'in connection With 'it's ,iigl'1trwe‘ig‘ht; that snakes ”possible "its very satisfactory , 4perfomnance under all conditions. ..Four. body styles to 'choqscifmm -—"'~Tive ”pas- senger Tousingdfisr; Three passenger ..Touring. .Road- ster {Fivepassenger Sedan; Four passenger'Coupe. Waive forlneW-jllustratad catalogue and name ,of :Grarrt Six dealer in ya ur cam unity. 31:41 411.411 moron c-A-R commoner . CLEVELAND, OHIO 2w.u11._74~.2m....n4~ '- ...4« .. 2.; 2 $14 . v. :0- ! ': 15,"? .3 ‘. v .14' s,.-.. ..”.-«.”.» ..4 ...4. 4... .._.,..,,.,. ,. , .4+'m,.g.. r—r ‘ .64.: .,~.»v ~ .m-ww,.4:..«».-..n- ., 4 .. ...2_,.,; ”as; . ‘ ..' ', .Vr . -' s\\\\\\§ \\\\ //. 2 I /’//// 2%. are getting me: before. The up: runevery can 3 Masters have these exclusive, h—grcdefie histionless pivot ball bearingsbat let-lining milk say-cleaning onec “”5“ W “”m'm‘ “skimming efleiency Mild- Gaunt Hum innatuialand workmmh p. You won’t feel the cost at all. The ma- \ chine itself will save its own eostand'more' before you pay. We ship any size separator you need direct from our factory and give uawholeyeartopgaourlnwi .- riceof8383ndup. Rudw u tones, North Jaclcsonéhon .:says We; Why notget a I New iButterfly epamtor foreyourarm farm team its cost by- whut it saves? new BUTTERFLY ”3333 F runnng cut steel gears, 011w nuddulabllity Maw: ' 2393: 3’51!!! Inlal -m1me Guarantee . muons-redo ‘dlet our-autos” y"; eug‘nfehimfilhmo Your (ream Senora 401' ‘ 3 iii ‘x‘ on This Easy. Sell-Earning Plan! e cream we was ry eas t0 lhogsr—-C. M The tfollowlng prices were i offered at .Ealst Jordan: —Wheat, ‘82. 10 to 182; 08; :com. 812-40; rye, “81.14'-»'hay"828' :to‘ 8130-; :straw—rrye,‘ 8'15; wheatnoat, 815-; :beans, 86:270.; potatoes,.-82.50 :to. 482.60; onions, 50 1b.; hens, -22; springers. 25,; ;butter, 65, butterfat 67 “eggs, 7'0; 'hogs.‘ 12; beef steers, 5 L'to 6 ;.sbeef2nows,- 4 ;to 7:4;- :apples,. $2. WEXFORD—TRoads. are .drifted badly in some 'places; impossible 'to get 'thru 'in someot :the .,cuts and still more. snow- 4, coming. :If -1t keeps on and we. don't get ~a thaw. this month which we generally 4' do, We will have some show by spring—- ~ H. S.. The following prices were paid at Cadillac. ——-Wheat, 82.20 to $2. 25; com Shelled 81. 40; oats, 85; rye, 81. 50: hay, No. 1 timothy, 830; potatoes 83 cwt 'cabbago, 20; 'hens. 19 to 21; 'springers, 19 to 21;:ducks, 20 "to 23; geese, 17 to '20; turkeys. 28 to 30; butterfat, 65; use». eggs. 55; hogs, -10 to 18; veal calves. 18 to 22. VTANTSYI‘EE, (NJ—Farmers are not ~very busy at present. The .snow is too .deep to do ‘much but cut and. haul wood and hay, and feed and do chores. Weath- er cold and snowy. Farmers are not selling much unless it is rye. Auction ;sales- are-being held at 'various parts' of .the country. I think the farmers are holding most of their beans and potatoes 1 for higher prices; ' Farmers: am"huym’g a :good deal at theauction- sales. Too cold' to'do much building—H. A” The follow-. ing prices were paid at Bear Lake:— :done by farmers. mostly chores. It is gvery cold here. The roads are good with 'just a Little snow. The ground is frozen shard. Very little grain being marketed, :aIt the most rwas sold earlier in the sea- :son. It doesn t seem as if as much stobk 4was being fed as usual this winter—«GU :R.. The following prices were paid at ‘Olivet: ——Wheat. 82. 43 oats, 80; rye, 81770; hay, 825; straw— -rye, 88. 50; beans :picking. stock, 865 0.;rpotatoes, 81 50; hens '21; butterfat, 65; eggs, 60; lambs, 16: hogs, 813. 50; beef steers," ' ' ' ' ...qh——-——a ARENA-C -.(E 928nm” below and. then some; it makes .oxfellow wonder Where: he has been. all so er. Hay 'ba1-4 :ers abuser: and buying at far prim-381433831131 declined 60o owt.1alst week. Fmrs on Using whores and 's‘cttlng up .WoOd. 4.1mportanoez .ast..1this's.mt-—~- .M.. tat m1 42:1 mg 4'13“!“ {0161011593 ”’1 cucumbers 82 50 ..'doz ., hens, 24', Spring- :Butter, 455.; "eggs, 55; butterfat, 63; po-’ totaes, 842.80; Navy beans, .86. CALHOUN. (N.-)—--Very “little 4 being“ ' .r‘fi’é‘».§1 . .HURON (N.4W..)-.—~The following prices were pald at Caseville.‘:———Wheat, $2.25; oats, 68; hay, 'No. 1 timothy, ‘25; No. 1 14:ht-.m~.ixed, 23'; beans-186.475.: potatoes, 81.25; onions...8; hens-144; springers, 17; cks, 32; geese, .27; butter, 56, butter- fat, 63;.eggs, 68, hogs, '12; beef steers, ;-bee o':0ws, 7 .veal calves. 124;". apples, 2 50.——C. G. ~2GRAND TRAVERSE—eNot '-m1rch 4do- ing «these days; :Snow is so [deep it .15 hard work to get around. Two days last week we did not get any mall- a. the roads were no bad. ——C. B fThe for low- ing prices were paid nib Williamsburg: — Wheat, 82.15; com 81. 40; oats; 80; rye, 81.504; ' beans, 83.60'; ' potatoes, ‘ 82.70 to 82.7.5; butter, '68; butterfat,~68','v eggs, 60 veal calves, 18. . SUPREME .130an - DEGISION LIN- POSTAL . sUSUBrY...453ASE. (Uontlnuedjrom page '11) ' of the-parties. under purview or. the case is «important The statute, '0. L. 1915, Sec 5998 provides: ' ."‘No bond,..blll, note, contract Or as snranca, made onxtvendor ormpou .a; consideration . or ‘ contract; therébyor Whereon, a mentor :rats 01 interest has ‘ 'beeu,'.' dircCtl'y‘ ..or ' indirectly, ..ret Winfred or‘recelve'd.'“.tham. is 9.1-. lowlid: hy"luw; Shall? be ‘thsr’aby '.r‘an-. dared void: “but "in any: action 'brough't by mmerson on"such usurious con- tract mmm1mxbeptiahiis pro- vided :lmcthedtullowim'sssetmn, if It shall mpear. themamgmsterumte :c-of- intarestdhm'rbeanzdirmtly orzi'lnfilrect- 1y; crammed“ saken- 'aomseasived, urban is" ill-land byslaw: the defendant-$11311 not be compelled 'ctotpayr1any‘dnterest- there-on. ” ’ ‘YThe- Waxmdonota inrovided. for isewem percent sinterest, were migh- estxiegalrmtelz endothe- ummsrmclndod- the ten mmentraddmmnals: There 415. no claim-.4. .madeurthat moreothaln .3 181,- 23139 .was paid-rout .by.-.Mrs~. Tested and .dt..is admitted that. she.-.-receiv.ed notes aggregating- 81,359.42, payable ' to .herself. The ..Words..of..the statute are plain: “If. it ..shall appear. .that a greater rate of. interest has. been. reserved, taken or received, .than is. allowed by law, th defendant, shall not be com- pelled to pay any interest thereon.’-” Whether iMrs. Postal or her hus- band received the ava-ils .of the ten per cent commissiOn 'or bonus would seem unimportant. .It certainly was reserved 'to her-in the written instru- ments constituting the evidence of the transaction. In .the course of his evidenCe' James 'R. Postal testified that in‘ negotiating the deal with “de- fondant he was acting as 'agent for his wife. 'It. should. perhaps be"n0ted that the Plaintiff "does 'not'claim :to be a holder for value Without notice but admits that .he 'takes the security with such lnflrmities if any as would have attached thereto in the hands of the original holder The decree is affirmed 4Michigan- Car-Ops Enter Ohio "Field «'fl‘he Gleaner .Glesring’House A's-i sociation of Michigan, has'xpurchasm ed the relevantorwand'store 111' Look— wood, - Ohio; 1: andwzlisfsallready ' .doing- business. ; The elevatoriis-mne :ofwthe .- beat» 2013111131386 t sin; ,thls. :srate, having - the- : latest. improved. 'machineryz243ndi . inmldition. .a~:.mammolzh: steel: coal-r elevator - and“: doadlngg :de‘vice.‘ 4 4 4'4 The; Moriarty inm'ehasod 111121111103. ‘.a.*: store. ' which ‘Miue-W all; m 8313131146823 WM! .- 1:. ~ ' is arise and .rate .. o. . .water : - “tra‘ . loam "soilcrop‘pe-d“ tosalfalfat. Water fl‘efel‘rangedfmmJ-‘T ‘to .21. feet from chasm-race dependingnpon. the. flow 'i‘n‘fthe iri'Ver two endless—half miles {distant _‘ , . ‘Eflbct‘ of Capflliarity on -Soll?.Moistune ‘, Alfalfa ’on bench land., Per cent water in soil. Depth ‘ 520 529 5.22 feet .1911 1911 1912 ,1 10.5 8.5 21.0 4 8.7, , 8.7. 8.4 8 9.0 . 9.1 . 9.0 9 11.1 9.1 10.1 , 12 13.0 9.6 12.7 1.4 ‘ 19.3 17.2 21.3 15 24.6 21.0 24.8 Each foot of soil was sampled't a depth of fifteen feet from. the sur- face andthe water Content determinI- ed on March..20, June 14, 1911 and also on April 22, 1.912.. . This,. . of course, shows the distance from the free water that capillary action took place as. well. as indicatingeIits-Wrate and. _ in. addition». the depth - to .which the old alfalfa plants removed was- ter in the loam. soil.. The investi— gator makes. thesecomm‘entsvon the results presented. _ “The table. shows that during the winter months» when the alfalfa is not. using._.the~water, there-"is anin~ crease. in...the.-moi'sture content of the ‘soil; from. the sheet water" to the nintthot. from. the." surface. The table shows -a fluctuation :in theIwa—v for. content. of the first three feet of soil, due to. water from. rains or snow on the surfaces- change is found. in the waterrcontent Of the next fire-feet.“ No water has- passed th‘ru thisto increase the con,- tent belbw. The lowest section ob— trained; the fifteenth foot, being clos- est to sheet. water, is most nearly saturated; The amount. of water in each section ,above this» diminishes until we reach a point where capil— lfary‘action is equalized. by the force of’ gravity and. the ‘ u'pward‘ move- ment of‘water stopsw During-the- ‘summer the crops use this water. The fifteenth foot is, however; close: enough to the: sheet’-wa~ter.~ se-thati there- is‘ a constant . supply) rising: within the‘soil zone occupied-rhythm lower~ropts of‘the. alfalfa. It. should: be remembered that this - rise}. of water "into the lower levels; shown in» Table 29‘, is due. to. the presence of sheetvwater on a few feet below; so that the upward. rise of watesin: this'soii does not. in any. wayidiminn lshthe per cent of water in the! soil immediately below it and-.that‘ this action" would. cease . very soon 7 after the free water was exhausted. - Thesoiiin this .field‘has not been dried .in any; section. as. dry as- the. same section-in the alfalfa field. on? “tar that water. table. in“ Practically , no. . . , ‘ he water from ; mt outclhhmona fromuth‘e soil}; {myth intermediate . sections; Dn'n'ln‘gguthe uyear 19114): anal-1911; a .. field..of,; alfalfaonl the-stable: land . died ton...l7ack.-of moisture; The alfalfa ‘7 ms.seeded.~.in\ messed. was well ess- tablished:. in the teen" ‘. During- the some years-.Ithe alfalfa on the bench . notpnly. lived through but produced :11th normal crops of hay.” .. IIn'viewofthe fact that film. move- " me‘nhisquite local in soils. that is, where the water tableeis several feet belowthe surfaces the depth of root ~ penetration of the crops is one of ex‘— tremely great importance in the utilization. of moisture in the deeper layers of soil. We have found that temperature * plays .a. veryi-mportant part in regu- lating the film movement of water ln~the soil; In fact it may conserve water- in the soil. Many maintain that. tillage.» operations to conserve moisture other than by the eradica- tionrof ~weeds. is of little value, in. omen. words.-~ the mulching of soils by cultivation is not necessary. The. effect: of. temperature probably «ac- countsyfonthe: results reported by severalrvinvestigators.‘ ‘ If a warm, dry layer of soil‘ overlies a cool, moist one there cannot be any movement of capillary or film water upward inasmuch as the attractive power of the soil decreases with a rise in tem- perature but increases as it is low- ered; moreover, the fluidity of the water- is decreased with the lowering of the'temperature. We have shown by many tests that no. movement of water takes place when we have conditions with respect to soil tem- .peratures as above outlined. Now under field conditions, as earlier stated in this contribution, during. the day the temperature of the sur— face soil becomes appreciably warm- er than the lower layers and thus water movement does not take place. At night however, the temperature of the soil reverses itself and it is possible that a slight upward move- ment of water takes place. This would be’lost from the surface by BMaponaition » during: the following' dayyhowever; This is of utmost'ims- pontance and will be discussed ~more~r= fully subsequently: ' Movement. oftWaten Vapor The *trans‘looati‘on of waten in. the fomn::of vapor is appreciable in the surface: layers: thatItakes.-piace: from the“: soil after ardry' layer is formed- on.»the surface must be accounted. for as vapor movements: thru.- the interstices of of themsoii. . Of course, this is con— fined m'ainlys'toathe regions of soil that havera rather wide daily range ofr'Itemperature.' Soils in which cracks form loserrconsiderable moist— une'vin thisxmanner‘. Hampshire'Hogs Sacrament International ' gress of the Hampshire ':Breed of hogs has been one: off the most v sensational u ever." enjoyed :byI any breed of hogs in any year. Over: 1,00,000 pedigrees .havexIbeenaoprint- ed in herd‘.book form..- ThetReoosdi Assodation- has paid all of.these.. printingIbii'ls under abnormal pric— esgsyetr therAessociation‘is about $5,-’ 000:. better :off-‘rtha‘tfi it was at the' beginning: of til-19‘,l notwithstanding" thee-fact that Isllg—htlyi'over ‘$'II;'1'00" wasrnpa'id) out in» special; premium“ mon-eyzduninguthe-‘yea‘n ' - At the recent \Chicago. Internation— al the Hampshires'in the pen classes. were much more nu'merous,'larger and-ofwmnre perfect form than was ever shown before. Inrthezcarloa'd DURING.- the-past year the pro- classes't‘heyiwon two out of three firsts and all the. Grand Champions . in‘the’ carioad'lot's and then outsold any'an'd all‘ breeds for the single car orIfor average of all cars in the ex-, hibi‘t.'~_: ' jfrns‘ single. car; ‘of- Hampshires sold ., for $20.59-: The; average.- selling-.: price» :Wasu.$_1 9.083.»: The averagerpricer- of: the- Buttons was;~*~$1-6.13.; the .3va = erage, sellinggffpriee of t-hfe..Polands - was: 1' $16.19: the". “average .. Chester .Whi‘tefi; $11.13;. ofi «. the. ing, heavy. weights..and~sold. forr»$19,. yet the, average. of the Hampshire. was. above the tip-top, realized. for ' any. :other. can $1.501 above the: price of any other carat the international. "1E. 6'...uStone... . .. ', . \ The. loss of water T‘hene' was 2 _ only one-cam of.Benkshires. thosebe- . : Wits; s... m. _‘ i l ‘ llllllilllllllllllillilHIIIHHHillllllllllllllilllllllillHlllllIllllillmmlilllllllilllll_|lllllllilllUliiHliiillilllljlllllllillllHim"illHNHIHllHIHNIIIlllllllllllllllllilllUlHlilllH[WmllllllllllullmlillIlUllmmIllllilllllllllllllllll '1 ' c, I l l ’ . . . .. . ; ll: , 7p! , 'v": .- . w ”flu“ Hr“: ': ' l- ” ‘- ,~ : V 1' .hu-J not"; 1 - L w p y -.”" “W“ h, «.4 i 2 w .- m...“ 5 ‘, , ‘ ‘i -. I ~= ‘ é . .. . I c 1 f . = i A:- l ‘ Er- : ;. H “-“4 N... .—b-- ' .4... ..~ .4 i X - ‘—' L. . .5. i " _ I " i in... If‘ u run-.1] : i r . "" u l .4 .-01 mun-'- V‘r . fl: _ "fifli: H . 1.5. x ‘1 E g". .. Sn inaw Saginaw Salinaw a In sm‘nsum Honor mu Leader lit-fog; Wood Stave Wood'suvo Wood Stove Clay Silo with Group’I-‘ruso . Silo HERE are four types of Saginaw Silos—each one testedand. proved . byyears-of service. ' This means that you. can choosev‘ia Saginaw Silo that will exactly fitxyeur needs and pocketbookéfull measure of- Silo. value: And in buying a Saginaw youaré following the judgment of many-them- sands of farmers Who arenovwmak‘ing more money'by feeding saginaw Silage. Write Department 00' Today for Saginaw-r Silo Foldarm" The McCluretCompany ii chm, Illinois: . Saginaw. Mihhigin Than. farmers and stockmen who are considering the pur- chase ofa silo are en- titled to one of our 1920 live e‘cck cal- endars. Write forit. “.‘n. _.._..— .VH-v-uw w-..“ - w...«.s- Concrete improvements have saved money. for solunuylfarm-w . ers that. their Sheldon Farm Concrete {\lLrt-r has become as im- portant a piece of farm. equipment as. their com sheller or.cui~~ tivntor. Do away with the old fashioned; expensive; backbreak- iug, unsatisfactory hand and shovel method—mix your concrete the Sheldon way and get a uniform mix every time; save labor, save time and save the cost of the Sheldon on the first job._ Sheldon Concrete: Mixer. does the same high grade work as a' $300 mixer yet icosts'only a fraction as much. Solidly built to stand strain and Vibration Easy to operate—easy to moveAxnix two wheelbar— 1»‘.’. II. 1’. engine will run it. f'rr years. rowsful at a batch—Le. 1 Mail Coupon Today- and got our ’new 1920 Book» on (‘oncrete It will tell you how you can save money on your concrete work. Shows all types of Sheldon Mixers- and gives our «lirect~to—you low prices. It‘s FREE. . Get your copy today. SHELDON MFG. COMPANY Box 789, 'Nehawka, Nebraska. , Sheldon Mfg; 00., Box 769, Nehawka, Nob. Please semi me .your . new 48 pageicataloz. .................................... Having soldwmy. farm; I will sell at Auction to the: highest bidders 3 On. Wednesday, Jam'2.1v,.. Em; at the farm, 1 milee East and 1-2 miles ISDuth'o'LFOWIet-gllfieh... Agni ~. ; of my persorrahpnopenty pertaining :to this farm. The list includes-am- I} a herd ofhigh. grade Gumsey cowsiand heifersr'IQ-head: Also‘I 1 Bug“. cow, and, .2. balls. Part- of thembove fare :soonrdaiopandewll‘ extra good. Also 15 high class Re“. Shropshire Ewes and one RogJRaan.’ Five full: ~. bloodedPoland Chinarbnoodasowe and one hour. , / DR. SGHEMER‘,‘ ' Props, Fowl-en, Mich. ‘ 4 . . j r 17 IH‘IFABLI'ZL'I 1.. 1 ' . \ . ’ ._ -B ed.Chick-. : ; , ~. , ‘- ‘ ~' ‘ " t' ., .GZBBEEBS ”as... m... . masssa.roca~.-1NWI , ,...ankeys, Hardyfiowla-Eggsmlmubu.” f _ - ' . . .. ,:¥3?gwmflmwma¥£3$%%.w gum!)1 gem? your f§1ends~ by kselling “thems f; _ u an . . . :z'x 3c [ans own arm wee ly. . LiberalwI ' ». . F-A-NfiglfimtvhlmMankmMIszI commission and all..supplies free..~ Wists. ‘ . todays' Michigan Business Farminmxfl‘t.‘ ; Clemens” Mich; . .. _ -, aowgkmcmwg‘ i '- J Hardy 01' n I’M l hm ‘, ks. em, :3: heavy". I : u if”) i .r, v.4 u H , i3. - or‘Oow 111119.051! or other alt n s ~ it"orrfur on; and make them ,. Wmflf for men and women). robes, “1:310;- gioves when so ordered. Your . . . abundant“ eon yimlau thantobuy V in d be we , _ tiaa catalo- ves allot of. . in taxation. It tells 11053:.) take ofl , and wafer hldes: how and when we ‘ ‘ pa. the height both ways; about our ‘ , a e dyeing arcane on cowand horse ‘ .flge&$é: andi other :rklnlsii about. the“ an e 0 es we taxidermy; etc. sum p ”1.1' Then we have recently got out an- other we call eur reel-Ion book. wholly devoted to fashion plates of muffs. neckwear and other fine fur garments, with prices : also fur garments remed- ad and repaired. fl You can have either book by sending {gut correct address naming which. or ' th hooks lfwou need both. Address The Crosb Frisian Fur Com an 571 Lye Ave... Rochester. hi: I!“ ON '- f Upward TRIAL : i ‘ FULLY GUARANTEED CREAM/{37.19, SEPARATORv A SOLID PROPOSITION to send : 1:; .. new, weLmade, easy running, .T'YI ~ [on-feet skimming separator for ."f" 8 .95.Closei skims warmorcold ,. .Makes eavyorlightcream. 3! Different from picture, which ”w - Illustrates larger capacity 1118- ‘ ines. Seapur easy plan of Monthly Payments Bowl ‘ta ' semi. "il‘ieti‘ér’é‘fli’é’i”ih i325 or small. write for free catalog and monthly payment plan. West an order: filled from eatern points. AMERICAN SEPARATOR co. ;-‘ Box 3067 Bainbridre. N. Y. IOOKING lNTO THE FUTURE That's what we had in mind when we started this business. The reason you have given us your con- fldence is because this business is founded upon the principals of FAIR DEALING ', We wish to acknowledge (ur ap- preciation of your patronage and express our thanks to all our ship- pers. We will always, same as heretofore, continue to pay the top price for all furs shipped to us. Be- member there are no charges what- soever. The prices are net to you. Always having in mind our cus- tomers interest Robert A. Pfeifier RAW FURS RAW FURS I 52 Shelby St., Detroit, Mich. “ YoucsnputnNAPPANEE - _SiLO on your farm without - it really costing you a cent. Write today for our big FREE Book that tells all about our new selling plan on llAPPllllEE SILOS ' you can get a silo ano make it pay for half. Think o! it! On this novel lan you really get a silo for nothi g. a easy III-z taow: alanine. mam on r l- . .‘ M235 map-nu. Indiana $0,000.00 , , Back. This Hamler&Zook Portable Wood Our No. 1’ is the best and cheapest saw made to which is ripping table may be attsc Guaranteed 1 year leneyremndedlfaot-athmtory Write for catalog F» , flertxlar‘Zook (:0. Box 4 3011"!“ P'- , a. BOOK 0N DOG DISEASES And How to Feed Mailed free to any address by the Author H. CLAY CLOVER CO., Inc., America‘s Pioneer » Du Medicines 118 West 3lst Street, New York . Most Profitable chick- 64 BREED ens. ducks. geese and min keys. Choice pure-bred. northern raised. Fowle. eggs. incubators at low prices. Am- erica’s greatest poultmrm. 27th year. Val- uable new 108 page it and catalog free. R. F.NEUBERT‘GO..III.828.W.M&I. ' ,jsch ANIMALS _ noon about p Sick ~ Hm... emu, P; Dog'srgnldluPonltfy..-m$laid 2:; “T mph: s can . m. wen?» Ndwvuk. .l ’ Wisconsin, Illinois‘ and Ohio, indicate that considerable in- terest was taken“ in a’ news item which recently appeared in the Houghton Mining Gazette with ref- erence to the forty 'per cent dividend declared by the Houghton. County Live Stock Association which was organized lessthan two years ago. An unobtrusive statement, mention- ing that part of the 40 per cent'was due to sales of sheep, was embodied in the original news item but evi- dently disappeared while in transit or while being trimmed out in the tonsorial department of some edi- tor’s sanctum. \ Primarily the Ho’ughton County Live Stock Association came into existence as a. war measure. Food production at that time was being increased beyond ‘ anyone’s expecta- tion, the women of the country do- ing far more than “their bit." The wheat crop was increased by more than four hundred per cent and the mining companies led the way by giving free use of vast tracts of land which they first fenced. plowed and harrowed, thus helping to increase a potato crop of M. G MAR -- ' "_ 1 . n'rrnns thus far received man ed in the contracts mm... against)" the dog nuisance. even lthOugh , it. is well known that a poor man keeps one dog, a very poor man :keeps two dogs and‘ a dam poor man keeps three dogs. Care was taken however to place the sheep only with those, I who would agree to fence on with . woven wire. five to ten acres of cut- overland for sheep pasture and as .most‘ of them were unable 'to pay cash for'the fencing, arrangements were made with one of the local hardware firms to sell lt‘to them on time. The object in placing these sheep on cut-over land pastures of partly developed farms was to en- able the farmers to find out that sheep will do most of the land clear- ing and‘pay for doing the work. The best high grade yearling ewes, obtainable were secured and placed on these farms early in the spring, while during the fall pure bred rams of the same breed were furnished at , the rate‘ of one for every 15 to 20 ewes, the several groups of farmers ' agreeing among themselves as to who would take care of the rams, the others paying the custodians a. fee suflicient to pay for the feed and lamb crop averaging {8.5. ,. per, cent ‘iwhil'e' times sheared twice averaged , This-great diflere’nce“ 43.6 per cent. would condemn the’practice of fre- duent shearing, were it 'not‘that the highest persentage, or 133 per Cent was obtained ‘by one "farmer whose ewes were sheared twice and drop- ped their lambs in February. Ina. larger flock not kept on shares and handled in a like manner the‘ in- crease was 88 per cent, the lambs being dropped in January and Feb— ruary. ’ p The amount of brush destroyed by the sheep on the fence areas of cut over land after the two season of pasturing, varies according to the original condition of the areas. The largest amount: was destroyed where , the 'brush was low enough to enable the sheep to reach the tops, and the least amount where the 'brush consisted mostly of tall saplings. where the fenced areas consisted of brush and stump land. less brush was destroyed, the sheep during the latter part of the season preferring the clover and grass growing among the stumps but giving preference to brush during the which for the —- first'time in the ‘ history of the country was not only sufli‘cient for local needs but left a surplus of over 20.000 bushels which were shipped out. When first ap- proached with the suggestion that mutton and wool being fin- portant war ne- unable to secure them. one of the leading bus- Iness men answered: “Never mind the investment put me down for {1 COUDle of hundred dollars and If I never .see it again it will have been Worth far more than ’ that if it helped provide extra meals and blankets for the boys over there." This spirit prevailed to a large ex- tent until after the Live Stock As- sociation was organize! and when the number of needy farmers prov- ed to be greater than anticipated, the First National Bank of Hancock offered to supply the necessary funds to all farmers who were will— ing to buy the sheep on time. Sheep were therefore supplied to all farmers who could be induced to keep some and among these were a few who offered to pay cash, while quite a number accepted the offer to give notes payable in from six to twenty-four months. Those who preferred taking the sheep on shares from the Live Stock Association en- tered into a contract which has un- ique features from an economical standpoint and is calculated to pro- vide a stimulant for better co-opera- tion and for the general improve- ment of live stock. All of the sheep on shares were placed with farmers who formerly worked in the mines and after sav- ing up a few hundred dollar‘s bought some cut-over land‘ which they are gradually developing into farms. Originally they came from' Northern Europe where they handl- ed a few sheep, using methods gen—_ erally unknown in American sheep husbandry. such as shearing sheep two or three times a year, breeding , when cutting without regard to the time lambs would be dropped, brush during the fore part of the '2 summer and storing'it for winter, food and carding and spinning the wool and knitting it into various garments. No attempt was ma'de‘tg “educate" these farmers in American“ methods. It was deemed mere ad- visable 'to remember that education is the summed of experience of great numbers, and that even he who knows itfail ‘ may still l._..b‘eyuung enough to learn from others and air {on from these .he least. expects.“ . - “unwise!- m—Vmen my; ‘ market value of" the care. The contract specifies that the rams are to be exchanged each year among the several groups of farmers in order. to prevent inbreeding, and as the contract runs for five years. ~ one of its clauses provides for the castrating of all ram lambs during the first four years. thus enabling the farmers to raise practically pure bred rams during the fifth year. Those clauses should enable the farmers to appreciate that co-oper- ation is the keystone of successful farming; avoided, that one breed within a community is more profitable than several, and that pure bred stock held co-operatively is cheaper than scrubs kept individually. The contract provides that sheep not properly cared for may be taken away Without giving previous notice and the farmer held for damages equal to the difference between the original value and the appraised val- ue when taken away. Being a case of learning as much as one of edu- cating, this was considered more ad— visable than attempt to condemn old world practices in sheering of- tener than once a year, breeding at any time or using brush as winter food. Whether these practices are to be condemned is still an open question, tained up to the present time.- The sheep have passed through one winter and came out in fair to excellent “Condition, while the ewes had their first lambs last spring. Sheep sheared twice a year_yielded that inbreeding is to ‘be. judging from results ob- an average of ten pounds per fleece, _ ‘while thoSe sheared once yielded an average of 8 1—2 1bs.- :As all of the wool was used locally, the actual shorter , wool couldn'ot be‘rascert‘ained, nor wheth- .._~ fore part of the % season. At a very conservative valuation, the saving in the cost of clearing the land on the fenced used for cents an average of $2.50 per acre when comparing these areas with adjoin in g u n- cessities. sheep fenced b r u 5 h might prove a land. - good investment AS above stat- , when furnished ed the contract to farmers Wh provide 5 f o r 0 - , , H 0 County. has sent in the above picture of his splendid three- , _ were financ1a11y year-«figh's‘hgegawlthefhg‘egtursigm‘bs. The lambs w ere only four months old when picture was taken. ke 5‘ D l n g t h 9 sheep five years after which they, or an equal num- ber, are to be returned to the Live Stock Association, the farmer mean- while turning over’One half of the wool and one half of the lambs to the Association. In order to give an inducement to the farmers to re- tain all of the wool and the lambs, they are given an option to pay cash based on prices which are calculated to be below actual market values. Thus with a market value of 65 to 72 cents a. pound for wool last year and 55 to 60 cents this year, the price agreed upon is 50 cents, then 40 cents, during the third year; 35 cents during the fourth and 30 cents the fifth year. Likewise, the price of lambs, when ready for market during late fall, ranges from $10 the first year, down to $6 dur- ing the fifth year. ' While the ewes cost $18.50 and the rams $38.50, the farmers are also given the op- tion to keep them at the end of the fifth‘year by paying $10 a head for them. , Since placed on shares. some of the sheep have been sold by the As; sociation on account of having been returned by farmers who sold-=‘but and by others who wished to reduce the size of their flocks. Those sales of courseaccountdn a great meas- ure for the forty per cent dividend' paid to the stockholders this year. a r LONG HARD VWINTER SAY TEE PROPIHBTS That the present winter is to be a “long, hard one": is the prediction, which is Coming from many quarters " . and sources, says the Arenas County "' News:— ‘er it :had a sufficiently. lower value, to ‘offset’fthe one and" a half pounds extra. yield. and the additional labor in shearing. ‘ ' " ’ ' ’ Brush'l‘cu‘t by several .61 the .mtm. , ers while clearing, land during 'the'? -fore., part of the summer and” cured _' in small bundles for winter feed was relished by the sheep in all cases, ’ " fed“, " hi When given to "themswhile‘ hei‘ 'pon"mii§edj\hay.i;the _ 99D .11}; . 'Men who Eludgethe future weather by the habits and ', preparations of the Wild animals. seen unanimOuB in . ' predicting that this winter will be one of unuSual severity.‘ Hunters and trappers in the north? , ern peninsula declare, that one sign which never fails His- new «presen; hat- w ' , - ”1 7 one... .» sheared 5...... .m.;a.. a 7 sheep . pastur 6 during the two seasons, repr e— g elves, n ‘ :4 L--,,.,;-.. m ".29 an? ; wa- , ito'rspoagmt- pant a“ " sh itsjjo, it is 'evi- ' here ~ is nothing militias addedyfor- . few Mde’r'the-Isun," apply] , , , 1W ' flirts cawe‘ellas to otherjact- g _ . . ”severalgsources or sul- " ffimS? Tim-frecent mOV'ement to‘ ap— . Thhalr contains it in the I; V Ian, )5 ‘ster to the soil is a re- , formbrewing-sulphur dioxide, pro- 'D n+0".ew11at“was done a genome educed jbyjt- ..burning of coal and * tioulor‘so ago. However, the explan- . Wood. This, gas is washed to the "-atidneot. its value is different. Chem—M soil by rains and may become avail— ists‘ot the early day explained Its- able ,rorgplant use. From .5 to 1_8 action as a soilstimulant. The “1011‘ ,glbs- are added per acre from this am, chemist adds the thought that ‘ source. - It is evident that there land plaster supplies sulphur, 3' Would be more sulphur in the air necessary plant ingredient, .., ' - during the Winter and near the large . Sulphur will likely be a constitu- cities, it it were not for th? 111238? rent future of fertilizers. Nitrogen, ‘bymzagtémfgér tmlzn'zotrsc: mAgnothe: phosphoric acid and sulphur or nitro- 5“ out 1 hp 1 f om acid hos- gen, phosphoric acid potash,~ and source 0 sup ur s r p . sulphur will be the ,fertilizer 'com— ‘ Dhate which ”mains sulphur as ‘2‘“‘ ponents. Recent fact indicates that cium sulphate. There is a (“lemon . ' ‘ ' 5’ ' he‘benefit from nsider- as. to how much of t gtlztsanllgfifigdaggllfig sidlilsware de- ‘ the adding of acid phosphate comes ' . - ~ . ., , from the~phosphorus or the sulphur. estuaries.assassin: some eMvene soil is probably as great as that of ' beds in gypsum orllalrlld plaSter’ G 101: adding phosphoric acid. .. . - igan conta ns su p ur near ran ., , ' . Rapids. In the past the farmer used tliow doetshit happ‘enghfat Kalli”: ‘ land plaster freely on the sclls. No no nlown ese ac :1 e ore- ' .31 doubt that a part of Its value is due “ma questlon. T e answer s to the sulphur. Its probable value easy. In the older-method ofManalyze was also due to the action on the ing pllants forbthe amount givsuipfiur soil in liberating plant food, hence m eeeeee ee eeeeetm . , ' ,, ‘vr, sanotersor. shows 'a. low per cent and the concluJ “Enigma; sulphate, a product of £101:th gill-hefiomieinl: 1:331:21)ng I the gas “1?“,er ff used 1,“ tierttmzer ' » because 0 s n rogen u i con- pliant,dthgivolatiiebsu‘lipltlur,lie (alriveg tainsv sulphur. Sulphate of potash 0 an t s mus , e 9 arm ne an .isanother fertilizer, used because of added to the amount in the ashes the potash, containing sulphur. The to determine the total amount used ”(1' , . - - , ‘ - - . rlrect addition of sulphur in the form by the plant. Total determination - ofl‘a powder to the soil much as you or sulphur 511.0” that. some Plants. rwould apply‘lime, is a source used in contain 100 times as much volatile i-the west. ‘About 100 lbs. per acre is sulphur as that found in the ash.' ‘used. ‘Two counties in Oregon used Corn-and wheat contain 40 times as 300,000 tons in 1916 largely on the "“1"" “lame as fixed-sulphur» The alfalfa fields. The following yields volatile sulphur can be easily notic- ,were found: powdered sulphur to ed in the burning of coal, ,3. product soil gave 5 378 lbs. of hay gypsum. produced by plant life. These facts ' 2 645 lbs.,, checks 2,176 lbs. The may make a decided change in our , - - fertilizer tormulas.- tshldglhtlvlviciencreasmg the yield more Sulphur exists in plants principal- Another source of sulphur is in ly as sulphates, in protein and in barnyard manure and organic mat- some 0118- Perhaps the most nec- ter. The addition of manure re- essary form is protein, the most val- places sulphur as well as nitrogen, uable constituent of plant and ani- phosphoric acid, and potash. The mal life. Some proteins contain over combined sulphur of protein and or- 2 per cent of. sulphur. ~ ‘ ganic matter is disintegrated much .The housewife is familiar with the the same as is combined nitrogen- effects of protein from plants and an— The “11’1““ is oxidized or changed imals in tarnishing silver. This most to a sulphate when it is 0f use to a noticeable from cabbages, eggs, tur- plant. This process is called 5111‘ nips, and onions. these contain a phoriflcation , a jaw breaking word. high per cent of volatile sulphur. The change is similar to nitrification Another product containing sulphur WhiCh is the disintegration 0f pro- 15 wool, about 1-2 of 1 per cent. A tein and the changing to nitrates 100 lb. fleece would contain 1-2 lbs. which are of value to Dl'antS- Both of' sulphur- OrdinarilyMthis, is ob- reactions are brought about by bac- tained from the feed. Perhaps the tori-a 0: the 3011- - custom of adding sulphur to salt is This “”019 has given the reader of more than medicinal value. 3113’ 1:11 parft 0f} the story 013 the T913“ ‘ ' ons p 0 en phur to life; there is amldfilnisiso: Slislglfirpgfdts ind . the much to be learned, the curtain is p osphorus . . they remOVe' per acre of _ average lifted and it is up to chemistry and crop. ’ ' practical experiments to put matters on a firm foundation. Perhaps our Barley ‘ . . , , M , . , . . , , 6.1 9 forefathers were “wiser than they Oats 8.0 8.4 knew” in adding land plaster to the Corn 3.8 7.9 BOH- . Meadow hay 5.} 5.3 i' g _ , Clover hay.......... 9. 10.9' " “ Beans ........ . . .. -9.3 - 12.7 FARMERS LEAD WITH TRUCKS Turnips . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 9.9 That the proposed” expenditures in Cabbages . . . . . . . 32.9 25.3 the United States for the next year _ . , . for hard-surfaced hi hwa wil ‘From the table-we notice that $633,000,000 as cozgparefls witlll £2 legumes, turnips and cabbases use $125,000,000 expenditures of the the most sulphur. The latter are closing year for the same purpose members of the mustard family, means more to the farmers of this whose members require a large country than nearly any other class. amount of sulphur. Other members Nearly 60 per cent or the trucks of are radishes and mustards. It is the United States work in the coun— also noticeable that the demand ior try, though a large “percentage of sulphur is similar ,to. the demand for them may” be housed * in. . the cityM phosphorus. For some time we have ' About 20.per cent of them are actual- realized the demand 0f plants’ for 137 owned. by farmers, which .repre- phosphorus and the lack. 0! this sents 10,000emore than are used'by element in the‘soil. It is now evi- “any other class of producers. . The dent" that-We-must consider the de- manufacturer who come next in mand tor'sulphur.. line in the use of trucks. inflow, much sulphur is ”18.113 in the This means that: more roadWays, “3011?“:18‘ theneXt question. Here is -the forerunner-cf the truckand civ- the gngiy‘gi'g '0: son by one of the . illzation, will enable them‘to‘ use --.9XD§¥.im.e_I,1t, “$101,182 , " ' , ,the trucks- for transporting greater «Stile hate; ”fig!" “’55 per cent, .1, variety of Acommoditifes with a-con‘se- :9 7 , , the Federal Motor ,Co. , 2 6505,01???» .«141 9“ “n" ' , f‘The.possibllities_M-of the “ carrying commodi i fi3.be;tWeen-'rarms r6; Min/1,15%» flasher yields. They are made to suit your crops and farm conditions; special fertilizers for top-dressing grass, special fertilizers for Corn, Oats and other grain, special fertilizers for use with manure or without. tilizers best suited to your crops and your own farm conditions. This Bureau has made fertilizer tests in many states. It is under the personalcharge of Dr. H. J. Wheeler, formerly Director of the Rhodc Island Agricultural Experiment Station. Write for informa- tion. The service is free. Fertilizers. 46 illustrations. The American Agricultural Chemical Company ATLANTA CHARLESTON Sales DETROIT ' NEW YORK BOSTON CINCINNATI Oflices JACKSONVILLI: PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE CLEVELAND Los ANGELES SAVANNAH BUFFALO COLUMBIA MONTGOMERY 81'. LOUIS. E'rc. Phas- ‘ddrus 0,0560 Noam! to You MThc size of your herd is not limited by the number of acres on your farm but largely by the amount of feed that those acres produce. You can carry more live stock by growing more feed to the acre. The right fertilizers produce more feed, which increascsthc manure supply to bereturncd to the land and increase its crop-producing A-A- C- Fertilizers Make This Possible They are specialized fertilizers that help to produce maximum Mun-man , Our Agricultural Service Bureau can help you to select the fer- Ask our nearest office for our book, “How to Make Money with " It is full of practical fertilizer information and contains If we have no agent in your town, we want one. c.“ r ; C—U-~< r\L’&—~L .«-<$/_ 5-1-4. - \\ \ -x’ Af‘ A,’\/\Ar\_ V / r—C‘ \ CENTS A WORD PER ISSUE. Mlnlmu . ..-t .4. cc thls low rate, we are compelled to emnénato all bookeeplng. Therefore, our terms on classlfied advertlslng are cash In full with O‘der‘. Count as one word each lnltlal and each group of figures, both in the body of the ad and In the address. The rate ls 5 cents a word for each Issue. regardless of number of tlmes ad runs. There Is no dlscount. Copy must reach us by Wednesday of precedlng week. You wlll help us contlnue our low rate by making your remittance exactly rlght.——Address, Mlchllan Business Farmlng, Adv. Dep't, Mt. Clem- Mlchlgan. corned, fad words. To, maintain FARM FoR SALE—160 1 1 3110- Spring water. NO‘ 1 cay cum entire plant $2,500. For particulars. wrlte_.or 3353395., llli“tpu¥él.355?“"‘l>ric§5u“E573 phone WM WILSON. 1:5. rule. Mich. e , . . BUILDERS' PRODUCTS 00.. 14 PASADENA Kifl ‘ ' f9 ‘ ' , . ' I . p ‘ » ,y‘ Au.“ Ave. , Detroit. Vl llolesale to consumers—I umts, [lg ITFAIM S 8‘ L AN DSQQS‘Z“ Varnish, Spraying Materials, Sprayers. Manual mnilcd free. M. B. TEEI‘LE, Mgr. N FARM, STOCK. $(Illlf)%ll.IGA0n country road, near WANTED—MANGELS OR STOCK CARROT8 Tillage shows fine crop records; wirc- by ton. state price in reply. DATE HOLSTEIN fenced pasture for 25 cows, convenient creamcry. FARMS, Baroda, Mich. wood, fruit. Good 8-room house. big barn, granary, corn, poultry, hog, machinery ..SENATOR DUNLAP STRAWBERRY PLANTS Income under aged own last year dome a specialty. Mnnemeukers. Fourteenth your. but little was $2.160; to retire, he will include Many satisfied customers. HAMPTON dz SON, to quick buyer Holstein bull, 14'cow3. 4 year- Bangor, Mich. 6 calves, pair horses, lot hogs, poultry. separator, binder, complete machinery . everything goes for $6,000. only $2,000 QUW" est. All kinds. Delivered prices. Address"‘M. Details page 83 Strout SM Catalog ,l‘url,“ M." cure Michigan Business Farming, Mt. Clem- liurguins 23 states; copy free. in. A. STRQUl‘ ens, Mich. .. FARM AGENCY, 814 BE, Ford Bldg, Detroit. t'0013- crops BUY FENCE POSTS DIRECT FROM FOR- WE PAY 31‘00 MONTHLY SALARY AND FARM, 240 ACRES. MOSTLY furnish rig and expenses to introduce guaranteed land well watered. Ninety ucrcs poultry and stock powders. Bigler ' Company. rest good pasture. Located in Isabella X082, Springfield. Illinms. ' ll on ens terms. For further in- formatlgrlinwsdto, l“. II.yRucgsegger, Lake, Mich. BUTTER FACTORY FOR sacs—memo. cs steel roofed fully equipped cement factory, ico ACRES N0 1 house. large burn and acre land..Locuted at Rose- ‘ ' burg, Mich. Good railroad facilities. Price for $9.000. Buildings worth 35-000- LANDOLOGY—A MAGAZINE cwmo THE . E. PRATT. Marion, MiCh- facts in regards to the land situation. Three months: subscription FREE. If for a home or WANTED—MARRIED MAN FOR GENERAL us an Investment you are thinking of buying good work by the year. Can flll'mSh tenant farm lands, simply write me a letter and say. garden and drivinz horse- State “Mail me LANDOLOQY and all particular: Wages wanted and all particulars. Box 177. Last! FREE." Address Eelltor, Landology, Skidmon Land Co.., 398 Skidmore Bldg, Marlnette, Wis. 130 ACRE FARM FOR SVALE. 125 ACRE WRITE THE CLARE JEWELRY GO. rufl the treat inn Diitvuerle.roadIOOdegdallgllllidgsf bargain ”“8.“ 0f watches and sllgerwure. ‘We do EdlSinfgoglellmggod) felice, fine clay loam, 3-4 mile watch repairing. LOG“ BOX 530. Clare, Mich. from sohool.’ L. F. LENI‘NER, R2, Turner, Mich. VIOLIN WITH COMPLETE OUTFIT FOR — . NE MILE FROM sale. Free trial. Easy payments. Handmade FOR SAT-fildms'g 6335:. 075 acres improved and sweet'toned \Vrite Miss Bertha Mardlso. all good level land. Frame house. barn and other Shawnee, hansasM Easy terms. Address, Box 2, care ‘Michigan Business Farming, Mt. Clemens, Mlch- 'igau, and letters will be forwarded. . s «cla . .075 #per cent, 2.2.60. 'quent 53“??? °¥=m°fiéyand fimé. days ‘~ sinusoid: sand, .087 M- L- Pulcher, ,zén-eral manager or- 0 ACRES GOOD LAND, buildings difficulm. 3 1.2 miles to mums. HOW TO READ YOUR LABEL ' . J. BRO‘VER, R3, LeRoy, Mich, , "m ”LE-tr this: an: John Jones s21 wners, vng , . - for “16 bfilegdsipgion, prlzce and terms. Strictly Capac Mlch R 4 917 mutual and co—operatlve between the buyer and , seller and conducted for 011r members. “LEM" All regular subacrlbers names are belng ING HOUSE ASS'N- Land Dept... Palmer and put In type as shown above, as rapldly as ‘Woodwa'rdIAve. . their renewals are received. If your ad-, dress ls correct on the label shown on the- FARM FOR SALE—~50 ACRES GOODFLAV front cover ,you wlll recclve Your M. 3. Price 18 right, easy temae 3 ““193 ”0 F. promptly and regularly by Saturday 3* improved road- Fred Lauterwasser. each ;wcclI-.- The date shown after your Mich" R, 3- . . name I; the month when your subscription 3' " D IN MISSAU wlll ofxpll'o.h The figuresddln "I“ secznd ACRES 0F LAN - Ilno a tor t a post 0 cc a rose 3 our sy kitel 0.331%: fsosrosule.. Good stock ranch or mixed numbgn by whlch '31 can trgcg your 10“. THOMAS WHITE. Maribn. Mich. Iqlnal' order and emlttanco any tlmo. IF .VOUR LABEL IS NOT EXACTLY COR-5 trucklior M REGT, drop us a line. enclosing It. Allow sameness» lid cities hare ‘ all: has. i: d; . ' two weeks for the date to change after. .youercnow. TRY. AND RENEW BEFORE YOUR SU.BSGRIPTION EXPIRES “I556, indicts muonduouahfib , we? Waia‘iuNNmGs,nse-sunmsh. ' . Jo - um m expense and you the posslhlllty of, , _ Lloal‘ «vent lanes... . ~ 2 , . ._ i ‘5 the llltiiiillilliiIlliiill!)liiilllliiiillilliliiiilw ‘illlx*lihIilliiirliiiilillillliiil Hill"iilli'iilillilii"llillilllilillilllllllllillilllil'ililiiil‘lliillliiiil llllllilhiilllliitii 9" a” have to oiler, let us put it in type, (SPECIAL ADVERTISING RATES under this heading show you a proof and tell you what it willmst 101‘318, 08 or 552 times Copy or changes must be received one. week before date old-sue. Breeders' :Andionsshhs ulverflsed leer-em special low BBEEHEBS' to honest breeders of live stock and poultry will’be sent on rednest. “foreseen change size of 1d: art-copy as otten as mirwish. ntes- yunskntomm; A’Ntflifl‘ljflfllay 1 ~ '4 111311021381, MICHIGAN WINES WARMING; Ht. POhmenstlchlxln. > . nomi- 314111. A... ... what you ,. To avoid conflicting dates we run without cost, list the date of on! live stock sale in Michigan. If you are considering a sale advise us at once and we will claim the date for you. Addr‘essfi Live Stock Editor. M. B. F., Mt. Clemens. Jan. 20, Holsteins. Lewis J. Benjamin. Clio, Mich. Feb. 6, Durocs. Michigsn Durco-Jersey Swineb Breeders' Ass’ 11, East Lansing Mich 1. Duroc. Linehen, Prat: Ind Robtb Re nolds, An Michigan Aberdeen- Swanton sr. gus. Angus Breeders, Seginaw,Mi Mich. ..CATTLE HOLSTEIN—FRIESIAN 11;.” pa.- 0' .. “‘5‘“ ; K ’81 ‘ NF our Thousand ”Fivezil'iun- . dredQuarts o£Milk . ...per Year 5 The big yield cow is .the .onlycow that willrever Imakewdairying profit- able in the United States. The dairy farmers of Holland have blazed the way to a successful national dairy industry with their Holstein— —Fries- inn cowsrthat'nvernge between 9:000 and 10,000 lbs. of milk .per year. Imagine our cows- averaging 4, — €8.00 quartskOur farmers would then be able .to make the finest, .best .and cheapest milk on earth, just as the Hollanders do now, and prosperity would abound, dor every quart would mean profit. '1 Send 1.0r Enos Illustrated Book- lets. .THE .HOLSTEquFRlESlAN ASSOCIATION “Hudson Street “Br-album. Vermont — . MAPLE PLANE Summits Elva; "Bu‘ll Gains, "one .rrom 30 lb. 5 yr. old cow, one drum .28 ...lb cow : one 1mm‘h2.7l.cow; one from s 20 ‘lb. two yr. old 'heifer and one from en 18 1b.. three yr. old whose three nearest dams Home ‘29 lbs ‘The Sire 0'! these .cslves is i ”tut “19.530 ‘lb bulL GUY MAWEFIEUD. vFewiervHie. Mich. ”I!“ bur \probism ‘is more MILK, more BUTTER, more PROFIT, per cow. ..A. son 01.‘ lsnrest Application . Pontiac— imam—mm our heavyiyeariy-milking-goodwbut- termecord. dam will solve it. Mani ee.rest Application Pontiac! mead 85a103...1bs butter in 7 days; 13444. 3. lbs. butter 11% 421.2 .lbs. milk in 365 days. “lie. .is one 01 the greatest bred long distance sires. slit daughters and sons will prove it. 5 .Wr‘stclus ion pedigree :snd prices on his sons. ' Brice- htend not too high for the average dairy farmer. .. Redisrees and prices on R. YBnnce: -MnB.herson, ALICE-1015 SALE JANUARY .20, 1920 without reserve, all my registered Holstein cattle, misting of 12 females and one bull ,sged from 0 months to 7 years old. Some A. R. D. cows. Mostsll in 80 ..pcund class. All number one uttle, 2 to freshen in January, 80 pound sires. ’ Sale to be st my term, 4 miles east and 1-2 ~ north of Clio, Mich. LEWIS J. Flint. ‘ Post Office Address, li.cation owell, Mich. BENJAMIN. Prop. Mich. 1725 Lepeer Street. I «We are -now booking orders for . cum bulls teem King rPieteor Ségis l4 v... 1mm. an from AR ocems 5 ileb _ We test annu- sis. Write 101: .pric- ..ntermati on. - Korndyke, from A...R.- O. 4 in April by» Assistant“ 2311053 1101515E1N44 4 '4‘? e; 457m- “ 5 ...ynu. 5 (State and Federal Tested) YPSILANTI, MICHIGA)‘ Ofle‘rs young sires out or choice simme- ed registry dams and King .Korndyke‘ Art- is Vale. Own dam 34.16 lbs’.- butter in 7 days , 3 average 2 nearest dams 87. 61, 6 nearest. 83. 98, 20 nearest 27. 83. HEIFEB 5HOL8TEINE BORN APRIL 18. 1919. WELL marked. Sired by e 27 lb. bull, its dent. en untested deughte r of Madison Jetske Sir 9:11?st y 2 A. R. 0. daughters Price $125 vere HOWARD EVANS. Esu. Dialre. Mich. Bill] 031‘“? si‘gaii-azninéé’rvfi .4Kol Butter Boy and. by .a son of King Segis De K01 ..dams with— rec- ’ordsof 18.25 as Jr. two year old to 28.26 at full age. ~Prices5 reasonable breeding considered. 5~WA~LNUT GBOVE‘W FARM l W. W. Wyckoif, ' 5 Napoleon Mich. . OUR sBEQlOlERBD 2 ‘xHOLSTEIN HEIFERS coming two years old. «Will be .fresh in about two months. Nicely marked. Good breeding. MARTIN mearumwlek. Mich. wOLILERINE 8100K FARM REPORTS 0090 sales from their herd. We are well plefiised th the. calves from .our Junior-:11 gerd Sim mg n- thiriLmidihhM f who. .91.; son of 80 e on cs” romed ht P - tiac Clothilde .D.e. Kel 2nd. A f augullercnlsesor n cw sale. ‘W.’ ”Scrum R. 2, Battle Creek ,5Mléh‘." 1.. 1.4.490 iBlJLL MINES B - A. Amanmm Easiness; sold soon. 52mm 1'. TUBES, Elwell. Mich. Eimwoocl Stock Farm Offers bullwlvesdsem mood"! producing dome with A PR: 0. records sud sired by s grandson of Pontiac . Lomdxke 4311th *Pet. m bible. mes sum .\ 1 “mule. lflich. .Aueues' - — 5 “LIST “ADVERTISED GOLD To ; .2 ” 2?MP; 5.3 “Ls-IMOXCHEN‘p Ales”. Mich. ofler e sun étwo - years old about 1*! iwhite Mi! line (aeltod‘mb! MAELE‘AEORIOT eKOlNlWKE RENE EMELD .end from FLINT ‘ERULT , NuDlNE e .2032: mound daughter on FDINT - 'PRINOE n.3ullugerries .15 one went meme blood as KING FLINT. If you. scent I 'll- rect descendant of BUTTER BOY .RQSINA now is your chance. . PNBO 5200. ROY - F. FIGIHESL -~chesening. Mich. Ir a ‘.. . A :BeantimL3~Jflghte..-.-4i€1flornd,4. ...ymvy' . Signightifinll Pea”.- :Born’ i0ctahen'24. mm s 17 lb. 3 id. 1 son of- PONTIAC LIFE. 43215f14344111210150 Emmws ell?" ibutter...-anrl..7150 'ihsi. milk in .7 (days. ' ‘ ‘ 1.1mm" iHENGEIW ELI);...LAD.svhossll ensueetsdsms «average. 32.06 lbs. butter ‘snd lbs. milk. 'in 7days.t .. Price $100 .il‘...0 B...Flint 1' KETIL‘EB. ‘Flliit‘; Mich. f‘Bree’diu. ludiwduaiit »- " 4' Producho That’s our. We snake it. possible '~ .01 the $80,000 sire,.'King :Korndyke Pontiac Less. the .01: her a. db. .son ‘10 Tiling 'Korn- 'dyke Sadie Yule. "the greatest sire of his gen- : ‘ tion. 5.0m- lustrous are. stung .in.gKin of. 5 the Routines, King Segis . .chgerveld DeKol . and Omsby blood. ”We ve been at it- since ‘11:)06. Usually something to ' sell. Write 4 wave Rams means 5 fleckeon. Mich. HOLST E l N ALVES 0F ‘ELTHER SEX .Csn spare a nicely marked heifer backed by .seven 24, 000 lbs. milk-in. one your“ Choice. Dumb A. FLEMING. Lake. Mich. - 1'10 BULL W whose dsm rat ageIcf 17 years hnd oslving has a. record of. 20. 53 butter, 46:99 milk milkin-gs a day. N .GLnuGi-l. -P.a4rma... Mich. Eon SALE suLL EAL AA... A... a. fine individuJ sl. Straight as a. line. Sired by tht- Maple Crest Ono. Lad No. 237907. He is a grandson of Pontiac Aaggie Korndyke, one of the great- est bulls 014 the breed. Dam is a daughter of Maple Crest Pontiac De K01 Hartig No. 12539611 his dam having a. record of 22 lbs. in 7ds.ys and 8127lbs.in30dsys st2_yrs. old. JA AMES HOPSON. Jr.. Owosso. Mich... R 2. in 7 days, st3 HERALD motto. through our two herd bulls—one a. 38 lb. son .. adsms that average shove 1200 .lbs. Dbutter and? Sons. ONE BORN DEPT. 5. 1 . calves are very nice end viii be priced cheap 1! ,- 3 . in; fine odndition. i ’ 2 all ages. GOOD BONED and ten?- mos: '3 ms 'NIOEL‘Y’ MARKED. 7171111 behestcutnt A43. 0. tested dams, at .msonsble. pri TRACY F. O‘RANDALL.’ iI'lowell. #1. My More insult Hacienda “BMWMHIPAWMUL’MNIEW DENIED 2.0.1his weer’ s .cslves. 101.3510. 1.0 .bulls and 1.0 5 . (UDHMMREOORHMWHIO. fllch. Choice '-=~Registered _' Stock 'PER'CHFRONS "HOLSTEIHS , snnonsnmss ANGUS Dorr D. Bucll, Elmira, Mich R. F.D D..No 1 \ WHEN INNEE °5,* ...-... tersd ..Holstein Bull old enough for service some and see or write. Herd free from abortion. ' H. “GIN. Breedsville, Mich. Breeder of Registered Stock Only m SALEM iiOLS'IZEiIS 51resh.this “11.58200 each. Also yesrlings. bredto 1.030 lb. bull. One mile from town. :W. L. MEYER.- Fowler-ville, Mich. I offer a time; be autifu Hy marked son 0! KING PONTIAC HzElilGERWELD FAYNE the hundred thousand dollar son of KING ,"OE THE PON- TIAOS from s 23 1b. Jr. year old daughter of a- near 32 lb. Jr. 4 ”113.com whose .sire was .irom s. 30. 59 lb. cow and this heiferis juosé one of the choicest. heifers of theab -0 lbs. st'ne xtefneshenmg. It inhmted 5for :xteinded “£211 gree and price. Guaranteed right. ~ I we. a nr‘sndson .‘Jof KING GihKO‘RN- DYIQES ADIEVALE from. s .gr.est 23 dam ..Miehluen. ready for service. “In: It: Iceman. Elm «Mali. BHOLBTHORN ran. umorzn 1101135 31pm ‘ Standard Foiled Simnihornd3uli. Ge)! .horn Apr. 12. .One red Shorthorn Bull Cali, bani iManeh 23rd, ..s. beauty, and Two Short-e thorn Heifer Gal-yes 2box-115011.11. 6th5~nnd April: 3111,5th abyl Yorke W Duke? cc 16884—545109. Paul Quack,- aSault Ste Marie. Mich. R 2, Box 70. ’ ”:8 RIHMN ”LLBJN‘F MN!“ ’4.1'O'i2’4 ‘ 50 Eating Tom..1‘urkm120 lbs.. 11 out of 'Ar’itrirn’s "UKing s 45 lb. Tom,"s.t' $1099.11. .ssnw JmlMMn lélmh‘e'i’Mlch. 2, AND 3 yrs. old; All i . L-in ’ FOR SALE Cho'iceiRegistered Shorthoms One ..Avcndale hred:rosn..buli,.1.1 months old.- Price 82400. One Scotch‘ bred 0aiding: “hulls n1 wood mummies mm. rice .3 mm 75' onucmtwm , rumor,- "Mich. "-‘ and” . milk-E NAZN BURAEN 00. Shorthor’n Breedens' Association have sung etc b; i for *sale, *mostly Clay tree ing. W1- youn wants to sthe:sec1:etary;: Frank Bei- . by; .Hnrtfond; Mich :m‘f . §+ MINIMOUN'I‘Nz N mum. Association announce their Juliuteiog seedy lior distribution. Scotch. 3m rep and Milking i Shorthorns . d. it 3 — w... L. Thorpe, Sec...Mlic. Mich. :. furtwrmcrssormwnmr i represent'i'll . enrolment: breedeumCm put ynudn. 5 tench mithahest'milk 01‘..be strains. Bulls Skn-ne females. C. ‘W. (ix-um, sPresident Central Michigan ‘ éAnsocisrtion, McBrides,‘fM.inhigan. 5 . .- A ‘ , Will “00K FARM Over fifty head of Scotch sud Scotch Topped 'Shorthorns. Am nflsring ..seversl .good bulls, cows’ fend heifers. Roens, Reds and Whites. Write or see . ms"!!! PANHBORN.‘ 'Bad Axe. ‘Mlch. FOR aOILE-«i-icfltm’l'HORN BULL GALFES - A..lso young Oxford Down 1. '.80N R2, Brown City, Mich. s. Ewes ' ‘ J9! MUM”! . zSPECIAL OIFEB. EHOBTHO’BNS— iCawA, $350. 004 to $300. 00.. Bulls, $200.00. ‘..to $250. 00. Wm J. Bell, Rose-City. Mich. im 5 non figssnglfl 0.3.3 3%.. $0an winning Scotch: Bull Master Model 57 614 inh many state s st iheed ot— herd doi‘ 50 good: types hrto rt.horns . E. M. RARKHURBT. Reed city. .Mlchlgan. HEREFORDS ‘REGISTERED HEREFORD CATTLE KING REPEATER HEADS OUR .RHE D era for sale. Come and see them STONY GREEK STOCK FARM Pewamc. Mich. E. N. Bali ’Te'iix Witt ..... ..... aces-senses . They They 5 she internistsuot assessooeseeoeesoeelses-sss ...-tee-eo-eto- Maw WNW mcm%mn ”stock. are slyly uvs‘srocn FIELD. MEN ' . ; A... .. .Cow's and Sheep. ..'-Horses and Swine. OI.- ......... One .or the. other of the above well-knownexperts will visit all live-stock - 3- . sales of importance in Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana,» as the exclusive 5 ' - Field Men 69 Michigan Business- Farming. , are *both honest and competent .m'en 01 standing in- their. lines .in . . : Michigan .andmhey will. represent any reader at thisrw'eekiy at any sale; making ‘ purchases. Writs them in: care; at this mammals men-vice so free to .tfie dim WWIMMW Lin 5.. We still have eight good bulls and some heif- 4 . greatest her i mi. '8“ LAKEWOOD. .HEREFGRDS Not how many. .but how .goodi A few weliadeveloped. beefy, young bulls for sale, blood lines and individuality No.1. If you want av prepotent sire that will beget grazers, rustlers, early matuners and market toppers buy a registered Hereford-and realizes. big profit on your investment. 12A: lifetime devoted to the breed. Come. magnesium—APE.” i. «TAY- LOR, Fremont, Michigan. HARWOODHEREFORDS qu on stock 11.11 "live and let live’ mice-a ltors always welcome. y A. J,- GORDEN Dorr. Mich” R , THOS. UNDERHILLLJ: SON. Salem; Mil. 1: .smsmonluzs. AND moo:- some M h k f . .' . gnug Bl m 01:1 £1111 18213er Snws~bred or otpen. News - ”waynaufi a arm ° I 11 most. Mano Mich . .2 -: Farm 4 miles straight south of Middleton. . h offline 01 1-. C. bred gilts 11an two servil‘eahle brnu -- . , . . ' 138... Also bred to lay Barred Rock liens 11nd ' EADOWV-IEW FARM. REG. DUROG JERSEYy Dullebal 3"me Geese and White Runner Dug-113;. hogs.» Fall pigs; for sole: IKE c. MILLER. Dryden. Mich. J. E. MORRIS. Farmington, Mich. 111nm salmon" snug LAST or: REG‘ 0 I 318956“ ‘FOR “m“ °""'“°"°‘ wnonsfifat" 313d firstjof April ffl'l'l‘OW, 1919. ChOice Spring gllts bred f0]: ADl'll furrow $10. I H 1 breeders. ! you have anything to scllrigh‘n now or not, get your advertising. in. these M} Start. your advertising NOW, Whether Weighing around 175 to 200 lbs... priced from Tried sows bred for March furrow, $110. Swing .-0 Onto $60100 witbo necllgree boars 340-" Thrifty pigs, either 58!. $20 Satr ’ pages 11;. m Kmmlmo olls. 111111111. .11 51° iafncfionwunmateel. ! p ' ‘ " ‘ mama roomém l \VIIERE YOU KNQNW ITiVVWAY 1. ”magnumu Mluht DUfiO0°°mAgvmm~x BM“. _ . . rsady r... m... Soggf‘téxioff'i‘zrfift “Emma rem-.01; .3: Write MlculGAN BUSINESS. FARMING, Breedmgnlrerlory, on Mbh.‘ hibitio‘n prize at Saginaw Fair Our herd boar, ‘g C. 0. Michigan Boy, was the largest hog of all Mt. Clemens Huh 8‘ 4 m “Pl.” 011‘”: breeds shown. Pigs Of tln'svblm type, prim win- , Ligand yearling» °hnar Mb h .. ningI stuck, 1W1 res and shipped (l. 01 D; nter Tipnyl Oriana No. 55421: ° 3- sprinygim ~ --'°--..- . 01111251111111.0111 mm“ "‘ M“"“" ”’ —° for Specml rates or better still send “3:11:31 “l'Snl‘z‘is‘z‘nz‘L Nah'logzfilfl‘” mmfl '° ' ‘ copy, we will put it in type and quote 3018. R. E‘. D: No. 3'; Plymouth- Mich. m .Ebab’f" you for 13 26, or 52 times FOR SALE—REmTIRI' DURHO“JE I“; a1w1lno.lloth sen: All Ages. ..I.Rliol(:e Island Rail“ and (Tours 1am..as_1 terms. coo: erels. 40 a... ' incense Anus. Wheeler. iMloh. ° 2° 2 ’ v FORT s‘mfielwgllfiomdmv‘ furl-owed in.° Mum and“ ;.19 lg? winger? 1'}? . {ll/11?“; lbs. ‘aennh “ typo: with. big balm. 8 0’ rpflm "“"fifid‘i; 5mm“ ° ‘ \ ' “umllgefidl HE! ‘ SON mica. ' ' ’ 60 puns bred; mlsterods Durmfimdrmmwlosmd: alum-111.111 Mantl- tha dl- .. , ’ Q - "8' ‘1‘ 01111111111; Mini» ’_ I ‘I a mum oft -- I. I . z ., I MMIGHIMNT 11mm 11mm swms BR Elma moan-11mm. - a " 2 .4 ,I M. A. 6., EAST LAW“. MICHIGAN“ 141111112111; FEBRUm‘a-611°l920, 1: WWW . Eye rythlnsrl laid. in» hacked; by a guarantee: by the: Stalls Ass’ 11. This oflerlnr will- be a useful‘ lot of sows and yinrthnt: will go on any farm and make a. profit to the pure remiss-12~ ' * For Catalog or further information. address Newton Barnhart St. Johns. Mich. Sale committee 2!. Andy Adam. . Eugene vaoed...n.............nnmao conduct “#119216. . Nemn' Bomber-t . . . . . . . . . . St. Johns tab cover?“ WrREADYI—gg Material 1mm 92,. rages _ Y EL” punks”, W arterial Roofing Offers The Most Sensatidnal Savings Gollernment ’Barbed Wire‘ Now is the time to buy :13. roofine- But you must ... - in our Eventful History! ’ , Mr... quickly to get your Osharo of “fixfimfigyfibei Never before; .m our entire career have we been able to place Sui-faced roofing in rolls of before the buying public such colossal bargains. For more than ~ . 108 square feet: complete a quarter century we have successfully completed the greatest merchandising Bought by us at less than the actual 7. ““11 “a‘lag’gfig’em' and dismantling contracts in the history of theworld. ,But no other purchaseof ours cost of manufacture. . Finest barbed .‘ SPly. per £011...'...$l.56 offers the unlimited buying opportunities we are placing before you with'this wire, made under l'lgld Government ' 2 Ply. per roll...... 1.40 announcement. Bigger, better, greater values m practically everything now await supervision. Made of 12 gauge open- I ‘ ' 7 1 Ply, Der mumm- 1-22 the quick, wise buyer. The following brief outline of camps Doniphan and hearth steelwirewith {our point barbs, ' Rawhide Stone faced 801d Shelby are but two of many stupendous purchases, the,benefits of which will be . % in.long spaced Sin. apart. Covered _ medal roofing guarameedfltee" uniformly distributed to the people of the’nation, in the greatest sale of all time. with special weather reSISting paint. 33:35, R§§_§%§0881§1:,3f§1ieet W“?,“,‘f“§;‘§§ ' Sh lb Put up in reels containing 750 feet; Famous Rawhide rubber roofing, 3 ply camp 0°“.th ‘ camp 6 y . welght per reel 58 lbs- guaranteed forlZyears. Rollsof 108 sq. ft. with At Fort Slll, Oklahoma Near Hattlesburg, Miss. KP-loo. 65 reels or more. per reel..$l-80 nailsandcement.KP-304.3ply,perroll,$l.95. . . , _ 100 reels or more. per reel. . 1.98 2ply. per roll, $1.80. lply. per roll.$l.45. With the award of this completely In securing this camp, we are now able 50 reels or more. per reel . . 2.00 ‘ equipped Army Camp,we secured millions to place before you practically all equip- E5132. Lzss‘figggg 32‘1": £2; {3:} ' ' git.) of feet of high gradethoroughlyseasoned ment of one of the largest and finest ' es " ' .s : lumber, enormous quantities of doors, Government Army Camps. Think of GIIVIIIIZOd/qwn'. w“: Susi-erect roofing, pipe,valves, pipe fittings, plumb- it! Nearly 20,000,000 feet of lumber QGaugOy " , .mm...;~w-::. a. a.” ‘*"”‘:.""'~M‘ . $ 25 ing and heating material. We have and wallboard; thousands of closet out- or 100 “,5 ' 2 prepared complete lists of everything. fits, heating stoves, refrigerators and p ' ., . . » .. _. , p we have for sale at this Camp and have heaters; large quantities of electrical 51"984- _New G‘l‘g‘n' . 28 gauge painted 2% in. corrugated ovar- stationed our representatives on the apparatus, pipe and practically every- 11516511 v.33? ‘53:,“ 231?: £51 ,. apjgulgwgftfogtfigé teet............sz.as ground. All mail should be addmud thing used in a town of 30,000 people“ vanizedfencingwlte.5331933 ‘ 26 "use painted 2% in. corrugated W to us here at our main headquarters in. Address all mail to our main hoad- mill stock but noglm continuous lengths. Ono hauled sheets. KP—801. Pei-100 square reet.os.oo Chicago. quarters here in Chica”. cause to the bull 0- _ 9 gauge,.....$3.65 12 cause-u-HMJO a guise extra he.v, pm‘ed 2% in. corru- ‘ ...... 3.80 13 0...... 4.25 earnestness. ....................o - "3“ “‘° °°"P°" '°" A" Pan'cuh“ "W! - 2? :;:::...... 3.95 14 2:22....... 4.40 593-91335 20,000,000 Feet of High-Grade Lumberll'“1'30"“5 »n .. Never again will you have such a splendid chance to buy high grade and. thoroughly ' » . seasoned lumber. Like all of the material used in the Government Camps, this lumber was purchased under rigid government inspection and is of splendid quality. Sit right down and figurezyour requirements now! you can use buildings of any kind, send us your requirements and let us give you the benefit of the savings we have made in these great purchases. Any of the buildings at the camps can be taken down and shipped to you with a-big saving. Our complete list includes buildings of every size. ' 2,000 Complete Buildlngsl . . ,All Sizes for Every Una! 225 Mess Halls, all sizes .- '1‘ ; f 200 Power Houses, size 9ft. x 35 ft. Chemicallndoor'llciilmm . - - 4 230 Stables, size 24 ft. x 100 ft. germane-a 45 Blacksmith’s Houses in numerous tram’e'indiafi'g'uéi’m porcelainl enamel-edc one; piece ro mp sm an . back: two Plcketplated 65 Store Houses, Size 20 ft. x98 ft. lpucetsatralner and lead _ 1 5, ”ago completes-15 95 95 Heater Houses, Size 9 ft. x35 ft. ._ p, . p ,. sizes ~ 20 iii. 1!: seiiifil'; 16:95 . die mdyforuaa”... 50 Harris’ Cream Getter Separators WA 113 g conlv SHELLERS ; 3 . “a... .v—.-.m»flfig_~r ‘ 5 Your best chance to a The Machine with .. _, - - ~ “W“ ' » . ' . bgélmewtofla-s 35:03:11 / 79.50 3 . ' .'_ _ , . . -, , 3 er a we a 100% Record f: - g . .. - .~‘ , ,j: -- ‘ prices undermining: lib- Shellslstolzs a . , " The Harris “Cream Getter” 3;; ‘ f . . ~- '. afififiggwfiouflm bushels per - Cream Separator has made aremark- ; , f :; ' ' . - . ,. w a ll 1 oer- musc- as. , htzurg "Hithp‘ ‘ able record—not a Single return, not v, " = '; . , , : a ‘ 5 0- man who shall; corn " an" ' ' acomplaint. The bigmcreaselnsales , p ' a : . ' | '7 _ .3- bifiggrrwofigfihh “331°“ 7‘ endables ustgffferall‘lisizesattbigtgiice .. ~. . . : nowsuao. ore-rue.”- ‘. :- re uctions. ouro separa or en ._ , , ., ,; .. - ' : . car-Chalk! dam! in exchange as part payment on your _ . j . ' " - =- ' ' +5." ‘5.“ ' 4"" 3132.35221wm- ”b 'mkuwafin new ”Cream Getter," Buy on your -. . ' a: H ‘ ” ’ Lj' ' s.‘ ‘ .2; ' ‘1’ No. (Shelter with cleaning lion ooh °s“ ‘3“? - r I. . ' ,. : a . M seem.wmaae« ,, an int paymento so a you - v v . "mum? memmmnbmm amuse-u 2:123:33 22",:5'; fifzzffiifif” Substantial value is offered in this guarantee géongwgfiggoafirmhw. . . .. "A ” grade bathroom co bination. ORDER ls hon gm 1,119 same h‘gh quality Cream Get- ’ NO Wand (at the benefit a this unusual saving. ' a “aw ter With all exclusive lpatented im- . Watts "0. 8 (ml. Cyl- ii‘t’l’lié’ifiigEligslugéflgoinféqfiah‘é’ll:- KP—306. Consists of white porcelain en- seam-“ans. .gcmgfislimwezmmg“ “Mm ameled bath tub 5 ft. long and 30in. wide, fitted with smegma nickel - lated connected -Iwaste and overflow, ’°“' “h“ nickel-p ated double bath cocks. The white porcelain enameled lavatory is furnished with nickel- lated trap and nickel-plated campression‘ faucets indexed for ot and cold water. The closet includes a" white vitreous earthenware “"i‘1?°‘3“s-¥§l.°“ “w“ ”3'16?“ ihi‘l’lilfiiisbelo‘é'fii‘i. ii“ ' an no W1 63“ C0 9 ose .888 8 e ld'flffiahufimaéfil/{fiflpflfi‘gmu’.‘i“§.'°&'d§?3§li lank. Our speCial lbw :5: price, complete-m ----$7l.50 Mixed Bolts Emmi“; enameled In azure blue. Com- plete an: exhaust pipe and in s 1 u _' . ' ' " " sanddsizes = " ‘ .~_ i _ Méagaofheazygalvtn- 3m mixe . car- Z ‘, ;- .: iz iron wit , non- ID I - . .. am ...... a... m... - 2 ~ {hemmedtztrgz flared he s- I enable»... 3:: _ . E'é?%€,';°“:-5‘“I $23226 plow boltw 90" l... ' '2 .3; “mew use» “5330 8 ,...,, $.22“... ... 2...... ., . m, «enigma-.1; “5:20:33.” ”5‘4 3153?? “Mm-$133; Bast-Wfiwm' a. lax:- - '"""‘“"" .22: 'a hot- 0’: three. sons-5 liquids. m m’i‘wr“ fiefi'fiizfi . 33......“ am, e - , l.- . , ‘ suicrl In h; , a ; , M ‘.‘. . - aael' .* ':“°'.l°“'“§.°223.'¢“ui’si£g 1001b. kegumu 6.26 3&1333‘w1ukmgbt mm, s s: mambo-owns. 5:21... analgesia”, . Much“ ' - .3: tea. 3.3178. ' 1 lb. — V ‘. . , I, — " ’7 s . _ 3;, .. MAIL-runs courage 'NOW-l§- . ‘ . - . Monarch sprig emitters" "“3"“me '. , ‘filtpwitsii'? .231 2“" D. dfivmflww g i “fifth" at": ‘4.“ magneto. Develops fu.‘ ' .. rated PTOWIT- Asure starter; mama kerundérvall: lvm .y " .P...n..unun’..‘...00 s . .._....... a 7'H.’ sessoolss ‘10” annually-Innue- l NMfiuu-ssosnuuuu s use-us sous-rm..- n asssaosoaagp on... I - - iii.”- 00 '0‘“ "w IOU-ltasstnsoks abscissa-es"; sss‘s u 81.4.1.6";ij ‘