The Only Independent; Farmer’s Weekly Owned and Edited in Michigan MT. CLEMENS, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1920 $1 FOR ONE YEAR (3 yrs $2; 5 yrs $3) unnu- - Vl“~nlti1‘wm‘vn J: High: Prices for Michigan Pure-Breda HE FIRST annual sale of the Michigan Holstein Friesian Ass’n, at East Lansing, Jan. 13th, set new high levels for Michigan pure-breds. .College Belle Butter Lass, shewn above, consigned to the sale by the Michigan Agricultural College, brought $3, 250, and her breeding and milk and butter record shows she was worth every cent of it. Her yearly record just completed, shows-that she produced 1,100 pounds of butter from 2, 500 pounds of milk in 365 days. The av- erage of $824 per head of the 75 cows, bulls and calves that were sold reveals something of the demand that exists for pure-bred stock. Michigan’s reputation as a pure-bred live stock state is attracting buyers from other. states, and farmers Who invest their money in animals of pure strain can be assured of a steady and profitable market for their increase for many years to come. i VB]! LAST Ilegislatnre’ fleshed , the’ State Department of Ali- ' » f anal» Industry—Wand abolished ‘ what was known as A. the State Live. Stock Sanitary Commission. The. ,duty of this department is to care for the health of approximately 7,- 500,000 animals which‘arepwned in the state of Michigan. It is estimat- ed that the valde of these animals is $325,900,000, which shows that the responsibility resting upon this De- ' partment is no small matter. The department consists_ of one commissioner (instead of three, as 'iormeriy under the old law) a state veterinarian, assistant state veterin- arian, pathologist, two inspectors, one appraiser, and two clerks. The Bureau of Animal Industry are co- I'operating with the state department of Animal Industry in the eradica- tion of hog cholera and tuberculosis. Under this co-operative plan, the government is furnishing inspect- ors in the eradication of tuberculosis and hog cholera. The expense oi! these inspectors is borne by the gov— ernment. These departments are all working from the office of the state Department of Animal Industry in the Old State Block, Lansing, and, as the records will show, are handl- ing a vast amount of work. ' Tuberculosis During the last year, 26,766 ani— .c mals have been tested for tuberous losis, or an increase of approximately fifty—eight per cent. over the previous year. Of this number, 1,686 react- ors were tound and‘disposed of ac- cording to law.» Among this lot are several large herds which have never been tested, and which showed a large percentage of reaction; A num- ber ot‘herds that showed a moderate- percentage :of tuberculosis eighteen months ago are now passing clean tests. This is encouraging to breed— ers.- as well "as to the oflicials in charge,” showing that we are making progress in the control of this ' dis- ease. The state and federal govern- ments hanttaken ,up what isknownw .as the accredited herd plan, whereby- herds which are known to be tree from the disease and which have passed two successful tests are plac- ed on what is known as an accredit ed list. There are now forty-seven fully accredited herds in this state and 129 which have passed one suc- cessful test. The number of herds which are now being handled by the state and federal governments is about three hundred. Many cities are enacting ordinances requiring ' ' " ‘ i ‘idflbm- “Wasteated..*a_..ec-epscsttu. mammogram test on all smug which ~ will“! 'mldk {within their corporate limits. f'fliié-ircenircs - much work from this dual?- nt in handling re- actors and. making amusements. Many private or local tests are being ccnd'uctcdby localvveterinarians who are approved for? this work by the State Department. and much inter- est is 'belng‘showa in‘ this Work. A statement has been prepared-shew- ing the number of cattle slaugh- tered, the number passed for food, and the number condemned in the various counties or the state and the amount paid -by the state in each county for the year 1919. rDuring the last year a laboratory has been established and the services of a pathologist procured tor handlo ingacont'agious diseases. Much ben- efit has been derived from its use, and we expect that it is going to be of material assistance in determin- ing the nature and cause of diseases which are otherwise hard to_ diag—_ nose. Hog Cholera When this co—operative plan be- gan, hog cholera was prevalent in nearly ever county in the state of Pure Bred Live Stock in Michigan The week just passed at East ively that Michigan should and must rank with the leading live stock and dairy states of America. There is"no reason why we should allow other states, less modest, but infinitely better blowersAof-thcir-own-horns, toclaim for their states tho-position in this every right occupies. We have active and well-managed breeders’ amciations in Michigan. —and yet there are important breeders, who, for the few dollars which it com to become a member of the associa- tion or for other selfish reasons will not lend a hand to a move- ment which is destined to help their business, whether they will paltry or not. Lend. these associations 9. hand! For put this down in your note-book, Michigan will succeed as a Live Stock and Dairy State exactly in ratio to the encour- agement you, Mr. Breeder, give to ing for you. As for Michigan Business Farming, we believe you will agree that from the first issue we have encouraged these twin in- dustries in every possible way. It was M. B. F. that first, on its own initiative and its own expense, advertised Michigan’s :‘healthy” herds in the national dairy and breed papers. It was this weekly that published the first Live Stock and Dairy Annual ever printed in Michigan. And it has been one of our greatest sources of satisfaction Lansing has proven conclus- industry' which Michigan, by the intescsts which are work- _mgfigm” ' _- . that those who patronized the. advertising columns of our Breed- ers’ Directory, invariably wrote us of their good returns and that every Live Stock or Dairy Cattle sale’ Which has been adver- ‘ tised in this weekly has been a profitable and outstanding success. We Michigan folks, who are interested in' this business of making Michigan’s herds famous, so that buyers will naturally turn to Michigan when they think of healthy herds at fair prices, must learn to “blow-our-own-horns!” It takesamore than one man to make a band, and right now Michigannmdsabigbmivfithalotofbrsssinittoo,tobe heard above the bedlam of tin horn and tin-pan bands that are parading for some other less worthy states. A. . Michigan Business Farming and every man on it is Michi- gan born and raised with no interests in other states to please or, profit—end every last man Jack of us is boosting year live stock business every day, knowing that as you succeed and profit so must we—fcr now, as ever. ——-—‘ ‘bc prodtsmost who scrvmbesti ’ ’ .‘l . «'5': sands ct hogsxw’m If (11!!!! ‘trom. I plan. with: the stadium-.1011 of hog cholera from the county or Branch in the year .1914 and continued for two years. ' ing that time hog cholera weren- tirely controlled in that county and ‘ it was thought best. by the depart- ments to undertake a datewide,.cam- paign for the control of this disease. ., Since that time an organised ter’ce luncheon :-at.. work tea cenwolthedia- .« ., -; ease among the many herds of the state, and by co-opsrative effort with the veterinarians. the coundy agri- cultural agents, and the farmers, hog cholera —has been confined to but 254 outbreaks in the state during. the presentryear. and these werefiin “snared areas and at as tine fld the disease become epidemic, thus: saving thousands of hogs, from the ravages of this disease. The serum treatment is no longer in the experi- mental stage, but, it properly ad- ministered will promct hogs from, cholera. We havo had splendid as.— sistance from the government in working out this project. Glanders The state appears at the present time~ to be almost, entirely free from gianders among our horses. We have had only six cases during the hat year and these were isolated'and the areas in which they were kept are being watched for any recurrence. of the disease. _ Babies _ . There has been considerable rab- ies in the state during the past year, which we have tried to keep under control by local quarantines, al- though in some cases the parties in- terested and local health 0mm have not been so prompt as my should be in reporting this diseuo‘ At the present time we have the at- tected localities under quarantine. so that the disease will be contro‘cd without spreading any farther, we hope. ' This disease is very far reaching in its edects, usually starting among the dogs, and they, in turn, trans- mitting it to live stock and in many . cases to human beings. During the last year a death occurred in one of our northern counties from being bitten by a rabid dog." We hope that the new dog law which has been placed upon the statute books will have a far reaching eflect in the cen- tol of this disease, as well as rid the state of many-worthless and nndedr- able, dogs. * It becomes, the dntrni... this department to assist in the en- forcement of this dog law. While we realize that it is no small job, 'We shall do our best to make the law a success, thereby benefitting the rural communities which desire to raise more sheep and do so without tear of destruction by worthless dogs. Hemorrhagic Sepflcemla This 'disease is one of the acute, infectious diseases of live stock, up- pearing in local outbreaks and,dso among cattle shipped in from the stockyards. There have been nine- ty—six of these cases reported and in— . vestigated during the last year. A number of feeders in this state have had the misfortune of losing out! and sheep from this disease. The _ of serum is advocated. In many cases great good has resulted from 1 its use. - , Blacklcg » . . We have had but six outbreaks of biackleg“ and no very heavy locus. Segregate and vaccinate the beam animals immediately when the .mt— breaks are reported. , A great deal has been accomplghe ed in the discovery 0! banter-ins and serums tor the control of com diseases; among live stock. These are, quite generally used by lecal your. one” . swim and saw , . -w.~.m--.,..m . *1 1181.23stth 1304' January 24th 1920 growers of beets. HEN the sugar growers of Utah and Id- aho, through the Inter-Mountain Farm- ers’ 'Ass’n asked the sugar corporations to pay them a better price for their products the cor- porations refused and attacked the association through the columns of the press which they controlled. The leaders were accused of trying to destroy the sugar industry by fomenting strife among the growers of beets. But the farmers flung back at them, “When right is accomplished no one is wronged,” and with that as a slogan they have swept through the states of Utah and Idaho, organizing the sugar beet growers into an association which eventu- , ally will control the beet acreage of those states. But we do not have to look to the far west to apply this truism. Right now and a Better Beet Price game who will deny that this is a fair propon- tion? Where is there one who has the effront- - cry to stand up before the farmers, and say, “Your claims are unjust. It is the manufact- urer who should set the price on your pro- duct. ” Now, let us be fair to the manufacturers, for they are “honorable men. ” They have invest- ed their money in great plants which provide an outlet for an important crop. They are en- titled to some credit for having made possible Michigan’s great sugar beet industry, although we would hardly expect them to claim that they invested their money for any other pur- pose than to make money. There have been , »- “When tht 13 Obtained No One Is Wronged” Slogan Under Which Michigan Beet Growers Will Push Their Claims to Recognition next season. The sugar manufacturers well know that they must have not only the con- t1 acts of the “delighted farmers,” but those of e “disgusted” farmers as well in order to make their 1920 operations successful. Hence, their propaganda goes on. Story after story has been published in the press of the" state telling of the great sums of money that have been paid to farmers for their 1919 crop of beets. Specific instances have been cited -of farmers “paying for their land” from their returns on their last year’s crop, and numerous other statements have been made public calculating to deceive the public into believing that the farmers have been mak- ing extraordinary profits out of sugar beets. But we fail to recall any the beet growers ovaichigan have gone to battle " with the manufacturers and under the banners of “right and jus- tice” have started a, cam- paign that will carry them “over the top,” and secure to the growers of beets a fair portion of the profits of the industry. “L OYALTY” spells “success” in the sugar beet growers’ campaign for recognition by the manufacturers and a fair price for beets. Loyalty to your brother farmers and to the sugar beet industry will win the day. The growers are trying to conserve and build up the industry by making the growing of beets profitable to the farmer. ed in the belief that he can forever dictate the terms of the contract and secure beets at less than cost of production, is taking the sure course to ruin the industry and drive farmers to grow other crops. The manufacturer, delud- 11ews item relating that John Jones, the sugar manufactur- er, has just bought his wife a new sedan and his son who is in college a new roadster, out of his extra sugar profits. And don’t think that be— cause the press is silent upon John Jones’ extra dividends he didn t have any. No, in- deed. The less John Jones Every farmer in the state ‘ of Michigan ought to take a keen interest in this fight between the growers of beet, and the manufacturers of sugar. For a fight 11; is and to the finish. It is net 8. fight from choice.‘ The beet growers exhausted ev- ery honorable and peaceful means to bring the manufacturers to a conference in the hopes that the differences might be thrashed out without resort to extreme measures, but the manufacturers declined the invitation leaving . the growers no alternative but to organize and fight! This fight is not solely in the interests of g In it is involved something of far greater importance than the mere ques- tion of sugar beet prices. There is involved a principle of vital importance to every man who farms. That principle is whether the farmer shall fix the selling price of his pro- ducts or whether he shall accept the price that is offered him. This principle has been in the . balance for many years, and more than once the testing point has been in sight, only to be obliterated by a compromise which left the issue itself as cloudy as before. Now the sugar beet growers of Michigan are on the point of forcing this issue to a clean-cut and final set- tlement. They say in effect to the manufactur- ers: “You have always fixed the price at which we should grow sugar beets. You have done this without so much as consulting our wishes or taking into consideration our costs of pro- ducing this product. Now, however, we desire to have OUR 'say about the price of our pro- duct. We will TELL you what we WANT for it and you can take it or leave it alone. More than that we will tell youwhat it COSTS to PRODUCE this product so that you may de- termine whether the price we ask' is unreason- able, and we challenge you to reveal YOUR costs to the public. ” . Where is there a man or woman of intelli- .the credit that is their . would not run lean years in the sugar business, but in our charity for the manufacturers, let us not for- get that there have likewise been lean years in the beet business. Don’t htink for a moment that ALL the losses sustained by this industry came out of the pockets of the sugar manufac- turers. If the manufacturers lost money with sugar at 5 cents how much did the farmers lose with beets at $4? Give the manufacturers all due for developing the beet sugar industry in this state, but let us reserve a'goodly portion for the unsung and unhonored farmer who has toiled early and late, in sunshine and rain, with the help of his wife and little children, to grow the beets which, after all 1s said and done, are the actual foundation upon which the industry rests. But the lean times have gone at least for a little while. for sugar, and the manufacturers stand in a fair way to make up ten times over for all the- lossesthey may have sustained. But how about the grower of beets? Is it not just that he, too, should share in the larger profits and be com- pensated in like measure for his past losses! And that is all he asks. He is not arbitrary. He does not fix an unreasonable price which would stress the manufacturers to pay. On the contrary he asks for a very moderate min- imum price, but insists that the PROFITS de- rived from sugar over 9 cents a pound shall be divided EQUALLY with him. ‘ Is there any- thing wrong with thati - ,Of course, it is claimed by themanufactur- ers in their propaganda which has been going thu rounds of the press that the farmers are de- lighted with their returns on the 1919 crop. But we venture to assert that if the manufact- u'rers had to depend upon these “delighted farmers” for their 1920 contracts their mills ten percent of There is an unequalled demand _ capacity _ says about his 1919 sugar profits, the less he will have to pay to the in- come tax collector. The tactics of the sugar manufacturers are mean spirited, despicable and un- American. They DARE NOT fight the issue on its merits, for they would LOSE and they know it. They THINK they have the farmers fooled when they themselves are the victims of their own cupidity. There is an old saying that “He who cannot reason is an idiot; he who will not reason is a fool; he who dare not reason is a coward, and neither fools, idiots nor cowards have ever contributed anything of value to the prog1 ass of humanity ’ To which class do the manufacturers of sugar belong? We cannot think the 111111111fact11rers are so dense as to believe they can cover up their profits from the farmei, or deceive him into be- lieving that they cannot pay him a betth p1 ice for sugar beets. That is not the real reason why they refuse to meet with the farmers’ 1ep- resentativcs. They simply cannot bring them- selva to the point of iecognizing the farmer D as a factor to be considered in writing the beet contract. They realize that if they once ae- knowledge the principle that the farmer has the moral and legal right to set his own price that from thenceforth on they must accede to that principle, and that the days of exorbitant profits are past. This is the realissue so far as the manufact- urers are concerned. farmer who grows sugar beets and the sympa- thy and encouragement. of all other farmers will decide the victor. “That man or woman who does not desire to ‘ know what is right, or will not work to find out what is right, and who will not make personal f. sacrifices to bring to pass what is right, is an } undesirable citizen,” and has no right to theii‘ respect of their fellow men. He him how. 1a, Edwgd Frensdorf will discuss cost of state government, ~Paythe Hiredflan‘tomblohimto Just a Few of the Good Things 'We Have in Store for the M. B. F. Folks ‘ 3. Revelations of the Tariff Commission on the Costs and Profits of Producing Beet Sugar. 4. Cooperative Marketing, the Producer-to-Consumer Way. '55 Senator .. _~, income tax measure, and how‘itswonld The loyalty of every. Wow of Sale Ring at M. A. 0., whore'75 head of Pure Brod: changed hands Jan. 13th, at an average price of $824 a head. W0 BIG live stock sales and l the organization of the Michi— gain Wool Growers’ Association were features of the twenty—ninth annual meeting of the Michigan Im- proved Live Stock Breeders and Feeders Association, and affiliated bodies, at the Michigan Agricultural College, Jan. 14th to 16th. The first annual sale under the auspices of the Michigan Holstein— Friesian Association was largely at— fended by both buyers and spectat- ors, it being estimated that over 700 actual farmers were present. Seven- ty-five head of as high grade animals as were ever brought together at one time in a Michigan auction sale were put under the hammer. Col. Perry, the Well-known Columbus auction— eer, cried the sale. He was assisted by Col Mack, of Miss0u1i. The pro- ceeds of the sale amounted to $60, - 970, or an average of $824 a head. This is considered an exceptionally high average, and the prices secured are'quite likely to establish a level for succeeding sales of the year. The highest price offered for any animal was bid by Waters & Buth, of Grand Rapids, who paid $3,250 for College Belle Butter Lass. This cow was consigned by the College, and her pedigree record shows that she sprang from a long line of high = producing animals. Her yearly rec- 30rd, just completed, shows a milk ‘production of 25,000 pounds and butter production of 1,100 pounds. Waters & Buth also bought the high- est price calf of the sale, Vale Kal— lmuck Korndyke, for whom they paid an even thousand dollars. Fred Knapp, Jr., and Fred Kinzel of Blissfleld, Mich., were successful bidders for Flint Maplecrest Ona. Butter Bay, a fine specimen of bull, only a little over two years old. The price paid was $1,-675——the highest bid for any sire. Bidding was spirited most of the time, but the calves and cows of high record seem-ed to be in special demand. Buyers were 'present from all over the country, some of the best animals going to Texas and Min- nesota people who have found that. Michigan is the home of the coun— try’s best and most dependable Hol- steins. For some time past Texas buyers have been. coming to this state, and several carloads of pure- bred Holsteins were shipped to Tex- as during 1919 from. Livingston county alone. ' A complete record of the sale, con- taining names of consignors, ani- mals consigned, purchasers and pur- chase price, may be found elsewhere in this issue. The Holstein people drew their share of the crowds at their Wed- nesday session and, had some very fine speakers, principal among which were George A. Prescott, D. D. Ait- ~ken, of Flint and Mr. W. A. Chapin, of Cha in & 00., feed manufacturers of Chi ago, who gave an instructive address upon the world’ s supply of dairy feeds, future casts, etc. Mr. Ch-apin’ s address is published else- where in this issue. ‘ General Program The first session of the parent as- sociation was held Wednesday after- noon just before the evening ban- quet, with Pres. Colon C. Lillie pre- Q siding. H. H. Halladay, Michigan State Live Stock Sanitary Commis~ sion, gave the address. His splendid review, of the work the state has done the past year toward the erad- ication of disease among live stock, also_a report of the animals tested andcondemned during 1919, is pub- lish-ed elsewhere in this issue. , The main program on Thursday was only partially carried out owing to unavoidable causes. L. Whitney Watkins, who was on the program to give an address on “The Agricultural Outlook” was unable to fill his en- gagement owing to the death of his father, Hon. L. ~D. Watkins. O. E. Bradfute, of Xenia, Ohio, a director in the American Farm Bureau Fed— eration, was taken sick enroute to the meeting and was obliged to can- cel his engagement. E. C. Brown, president. of the National Live Stock Exchange, was scheduled to appear on the morning’s program, but did not reach East Lansing until the afternoon. His“’remarks, a copy of which had previously been spread broadcast over the state, were almost entirely confined to an attack upon the pending legislation to regulate the packers. He pictured the evils that are supposed to attend govern- ment regulation of business, but it he had any remedy to curb such mon« opolies as the packers he did not pre- sent it. Dean Shaw talked on “The Diver— sified Farm,” strongly urging the farmers to depart from the one-crop idea. He showed how the diversified farm, with live stock as an adjunct, was in the long run the most profit- able farm. Resident’s Address Mr. Colon c Lune, president ‘01- the Association, gave a very. fine ad- dress which so pleased the attending members that they voted to adopt : portions of it as a part-or the agricul— tural program. of the address was devoted to the Eai‘m Bureau movement. Mr. Lillie has long been an enthusiastic advo- cate of a “State and National Chamb- er of Agriculture,” and he conceives the Farm Bureau as a means'to that end His address is published in its entirety on another page. Several important resolutions were adopted. one of them was an endorsement of the Michigan State Farm Bureau, another that the Michigan Agricultural Collegebe re— quested to erect a suitable pavilion for the exhibition of Michigan live stock, a third requested the Michigan delegation at Washington to support a statute defining pure wool and pre- venting shoddy being sold in such manner as to deceive the consumer. A fourth resolutiOn urged the agri— cultural committee of Congress to do all in its power to secure appropri— ations to continue the fight against tuberculosis. The work of the Mich— igan State Live StOck Sanitary Com-V mission was endorsed. Election of Officers The following ofi‘lcers were elect— ed for the ensuing year: President, Herbert Powell, Ionia; Vice presi— dent, J. Fred Smith, Byron; Secre— tary, Geo. A. Brown, East Lansing; assistant secretary, Wards, East Lansing; H. Hallad'ay, Lansing. Executive committee, Jacob De Geus, Alicia; Earl C. McCarty, Bad Axe; Alexand- er Minty, Ionia; J. Lessiter, Orion; W. E. Livingston, Parma. Section Meetings The majority of the meetings of the various associations comprising the Live Stock Association, were fair- ly‘ well attended and interest was keen. Thesuccess of the others was indifferent. Several of the associa- tions had so small an attendance that the“ .meetings were oalled‘off alto- gether, but When it is considered that several meetings were scheduled for the same hour and that Farmer’s Week comes within two weeks fol- lowing, it is not surprising that the attendance was not greater. How— ever, such associations as carried out their scheduled progrflams enjoyed very interesting sessions. treasurer, H. At nearly every session some speaker emphasized the need and advantage of advertising the res- pective breeds of live stock which the various associations represented. The H-olstein-Friesian organization are among the largest and most in- fluential in the ”country and their present strength is due in a. large measure to the persistent advertis- ing that has been carried on not only by the national association, but the state association and individual breeders as well: Hundreds of thou— sands of farmers have been convert— ed to pure-brads through the adver- tisements that have appeared in their farm papers. Another subjectto which consid— erable attention was pa‘id was that of marketing. All realizing that this end of the farmer’s business has too long been neglected. The madcr portion _ w. E. J. Ed} , H_-,..,w .. A-— » “Breeding and Raising the Jersey” k I i i ‘1 l 2 ‘1 1 I 1 \ “f directors: ' G. A. Tyler, Detroit; l'3"i000.r no". y¥alo°m Kahlil“ “it: bought by Waters a Both of Iannd libido. Michigan Wool Grower‘s’ Ass’n The organisation. of Mich. Wool Growers’ Ass’ 11 which was effected at the meeting of the Michigan Sheep Breedens' Assn’, marks a new era in Michigan’s sheeplindustry. As has been noted before in these columns this industry has been forging to the (flout very rapidly the past several ms. The” wide discrepancy be- tween prices paid by dealers in var- ious parts of the state, and their com-. para-hively low level, has revealed the, mead of a state-wide ca~operative marketing organization through which the entire crop of the state’ 8 wool could be handled. Many of the county agents have been instrument- al in organizing local associations of (this nature, and have obtained very satisfactory results, 'but it is be- ‘ illeved that a state organization will | assist materially in stabilizing prices throughout the state and bringing to the farmer the highest possible re- turns. It was stated at the meeting that there are now approximately 2,300,000 head of sheep in the two peninsulas, and this number is rap- : Idly’ 011 the increase. . } “Mr. E. G. Read ’ of Richland, member of the 1919 legislature, and well known and successful farmer, was named president of the new as- sociation. Mr. Read was president the last year of the Sheep Breeders’ Association and was re-elected at the 'annual meeting. Donald'Williams, for East, Lansing is secretary of the Following are the H. H. :Halladay, Lansing; 7 A. M. McBride, Lansing; Amos Welch, Ionia; J. DeGeus, Alicia; Harold Burtless, Manchester; A. E. Illenden, Adrian; and J. A. Doelle, secretary of the Up- per Peninsula Development. Bureau. Other. states have .tried out the 'co-operative marketing plan with great success, and Mr. J. B. Walker, new organization. {of Gamhier, Ohio, told 'the audience Ia very interesting story of what has been accomplished in that state. He was followed by C. A. Tyler, Detroit banker and sheep enthusiast, who told Why “we should have an active Michigan Wool Growers’ Associa- tion.” The two speakers furnished much of the inspiration that later led to the formation of that Asso- ciation. . Michigan Jersey Cattle Club The annual meeting of the Mich. IJersey Cattle Club, Wednesday, Jan. ;,14th and was carried out to the let- ter as plamned with the exception of the banquet which was called ofl ow- ing to its conflict with the general banquet the same evening. The folloWing program was given: “The Detroit Milk Commission and the Jersey Corw” by Prof. A. C. Ander- son. It» is a. waste 'of words for any- one” to try to tell about Prof. Ander- son’s address for everyone knoWs lhe handles any subject Well. “It was to the Michigan Jersey Cattle Club,” ' has been breeding some of the ,to Dudley E. ‘ treasurer, by H. F. Hebert. Mr. Probert brought 1 out his subject as only one can E16110 st Jerseys ever bred anywhere. Hall of ' the Mich. Champion cows in 1918 were ' .“Thé Jersey Can Not Live on Her Past, What. Will You Do for Her Fu- til-1e?" by Dr. George A. Waterman. Dr. Waterma‘n’t talk was along the line of advertising" He carried his hearers with him in his enthusiasm. He was? elected chairman or the ad- vertising committee. . _ “The. Pure Bred Herd and iihe Como motility," by W.» F. Taylor. The tall: of Mr. Taylor was intensely interestp lug. He brought out the fact that the Jersey brought. the income up where it was pmsible to send the children-to college thus making the community better. : . Michigan Sher-thorn Asé‘n The principal interest of the Short-fl horn people was in. the sale schedul-i ed to be held Friday afternoon when’ forty-four head were offered. This sale was held too late in the week for us to publish the details in this issue. sion of the ,Shorthorn Breeders in- cluded editor Halloell of the Short- horn orl'd, and Mr. J. B. Tormey, of Chicago, representative of the Am- erican Shorthorn Breeders’ Associa- tion. Officers elected: Pres, Geo. Prescott Jr., Tawas City; vice_presi- Speakers at the annual seat so ‘ y d y-tho Michigan Aberdeen; * ‘ Angus people. ' Michigan Hereford‘ ' ~B‘reede'rs .Ass’n . . The Hereford meeto ing at East Lansing, 'Jan..14, proved to be, the best attended and... most interesting an- nual meeting that the . Hereiord men of the “mnemmmmarg because of poor attendd once. The old officers will hold over until an- other year. They arezl Pres, H. T. Crandall, Cass City; secretary, J. Carl Jewett, Mason. “Wake up there, you Chester Whites. ” Officers of the Swine Breeders’ Ass’,n Pres, W. C. Taylor, Milan; secretary and treasur- er, P. P. Pope, Mt. .. _. Pleasant. i , The Duroc Jersey W breeders had a good Above: Sir Topsy Model. «Pleasant Vlow. consigned by c . Son, of Howell, cold to c. H for $1,000. 8. A. Ferlngton, Rose, Mlch., and and everything looks bright for the “white face” in the near future. All breeders 'are reporting a very good A.” 000 cow, Topsy Banach Pet canary. consigned by Chas. 8. Haas, of Howell and sold Waters. of Gland aplds. den-t, L. P. Otto, Charlotte; secretary W. E. J. Edwards, East Lansing. Aberdeen Angus Ass’n The absence of. Pres. Minty who is in Scotland in the interests of the Abedeen-Angus folk, detracted some from the interest in the annual ses- sion, but it was nevertheless well at— tended and some good speeches were given by Mr. F. H. Higgins, assistant secretary of the national association, \ .and Mr. T. F. M-arsten, secretary of the Northeastern Michigan Develop- ment Bureau of Bay City. Another speaker was Dr. K. J. Suelke of Cornell University, who will take up the duties as eastern field representative of the American Aberdeen-Angus Breeders’ Associa- tion next month and will return to Michigan at that time to inspect the cattle that will go into .the sale at to call off their meeting altogether, demand and with satisfactory prices. The excellent program arranged by the officers was exceedingly ~in- structive and helpful, followed by lively discussions. Plans are under way for a very extensive visitation of state herds by auto the coming sum— mer by large numbers of breeders. Officers elected for 1920: Presi- dent, Jay H-arwood, Ion-1a; lst vice president, Tony ’B. Fox, Pewamo; 2nd vice president, E. E. Cole, Hud— son; 3rd vice president, W. B. Wood, Dowagiac; secretary and treasurer, Earl C. McCarty, Bad Axe. Michigan Swine Breeders’ Ass”n Fair crowds attended the 'annual session of the Michigan Swine Breed- ers’ Ass’ns and the meetings of the associations representing the several breeds, with the exception of the Chester Whites, who were obliged __._.__.__ Fink. of Ghmnlng Below. Fllnt Maplocrest Ono Butter Boy, conslgned by bought for Fred Knapp. Jr-. and F. Klnsel. of Blluflold. Mlch. crowd and a fine pro» gram. Addresses were made by Mr. N. M. Jor- dan, editor of the Duroc Jersey Bulletin, Ralph. Carr, Monroe county agricultural agent and T. F. Marsten, of Bay City. The principal topic of discussion was the sale to be held Feb. 7th. A substantial appropria. tion was authorized to advertise the merits of the Duroc Jersey. The fol- lowing officers were elected: Pres., O. F. Foster, Pavilion; secretary and treasurer, J. B. Miller, Ithaca. Mem- ber executive committee, W. C. Tay- lor, Milan. Other cattle association meetings were carried out to the letter with the exception of the Red Polled which held no meeting on account of $675. 00 by scant attendance. The officers for the ensuing year are, Pres, N. C. Herbison, Birmingham, Mich.; sec- retary, E. J. Peabody, Grand Ledge. Be on deck next year, you Red Polled folks ! The Guernseys held tl1ei1 meeting as per schedule, carried out an in- teresting program and elected offi- cers as follows: Pres, E. J. Small- idge, Eau Claire; secretary and treats, E. J. Hemmingway, Sodus. Officers of Other Associations 1 Michigan Horse Breeders’ Ass’n—ii Pres, Jacob DeGeus, Alicia; secreo“ tary, R S. Hudson, East Lansing VI Poland China Breeders’ Ass’n—al Pres. J. 1?. Hawkins, Hudson; sec- retary—treasurer, I. K. Maystead, Hillsdale. Oxford Sheep Pres, O. M tary, I. R. lreeders’ Ymk, Millington; VVaterbk'fiui‘, Detroit. Ass’n—q secre— Michigan Out Aftel Euiopo 8 _Best Alex Minty, manager of the TVood- cote Stock Farm at lonia, has taken a trip to Scotland expiessly to se- cure a herd bull and a bunch of high class females that will make the Woodcote second to none in the United States. It is hoped that, with the addition of the new blood that is secured, the Woodcote Stock Farm will, within two or three years, be able to hold annual sales «of Anguscattle. Mr. Minty expects to attend the great Perth sale held the first week in February. ..__;._ y miles“)... 1... College's original-invoicing: it} '1 ICHIGAN‘ growers of wool M have taken concerted action ‘ and have organized what is believed to be a wool growers’ as- sociation with a real future, This step has been under consideration for some time, and the charter mem- bers felt pretty sure of their ground before setting the ball .to rolling. It was well that the wool growers took their action at this time for a num— ber of reasons. Co—operative marketing by farm- ers, on a big scale which is really. only in a healthy infancy compared with What it is going to become, has been brought forcibly and favorably before the public’s attention only re- cently. Michigan, being such a pow- er in the world’s wool business, should be able to support a splendid wood growers’ marketing associa- tion. It should not be so very hard to finance such a program. The bulk of the several thousand Michigan wool growers are pretty sure to have faith in a thing of this sort. Not all, but a great many co—opera- tive farmer marketing organizations have been making splendid profits and savings according to the annual reports of many made this winter. The co-operative enterprises which get in now with a secure footing on the ground floor are believed to be assured of greater success as the movement expands and improves. The time in the history of co-opera— tive marketing, then, is thought to be especially 'opportune for the ac- tion of the wool growers. The present world wool situation is such that it is well for growers to be handed strongly together for their protection and for the betterment of the wool business. In order to ex- plain this complex situation, it will be necessary to give over the most of the article to the subject. ‘ The months since the signing of the armistice, Nov. 11, 1918, have had important effects upon all mar- kets. The transition from a war to peace basis in wool, was a sharp one, and prices dropped off heavily. The government has done much to the wool game in the way of auctions; and nearly all growers are watching the Department of Agriculture is- boriously winding up the affairs of the domestic wool section of the War Industries Board. ' Out of the four distinct steps and a possible fifth, the Department pub- licly admits that not one is really completed. The first step is prob— ably the nearest to a solution, inas— much as this consists of getting sworn reports from the 3,686 coun— try dealers and the 179 distributing center dealers to whom permits were issued. The second step depends on the.first and involves the detailed auditing of these accounts. Collec— tion of excess profits is the difficult third step and the fourth is the work— ing out of equitable distribution. The possible fifth step is an'audit'in the field of dealers’ accounts. Many growers believe that organ- ization just now among the wool 1n— terests of the nation will do some- thing toward stimulating the De- partment of Agriculture into actual- ly getting some results with a fair degree of promptness- Returned soldiers now back in the sheep rais- ing business declare that the red tape of wool officials resembles the case of back army pay and long de- layed mvail. ‘Thus it goes among some of the slow going offices at the capitol. The only remedy in sight is organized “stimulation,” such as the association of wool growers can provide. “ A Year of Auctions At the signing of the armistice there .was a very unequal distribu- tion of wool in the world. The Am- . erican and British governments had absorbed the greater share of the world’s wool supply. The United States alone had in its possession about 458,000,000 pounds of wool, which he'd to be distributed back to the trade with the least disturbance possible to the wool market. The ' We}! Wthe Lsuetton like of is: World Situation Without Parallel, Causing Sheep .Crowers to Cooperate inMurkettng of Product ' ‘ _ stupendous one and it ‘ is not alter By VERNE E. BURNETT «supply and ..- thus x A .=-‘_..L fitting time. subject. . ' ;_ ' State Wool Gromers Organize atEasi Lansing 00L PRODUCERS of Michigan got together last ”week at East Lansing and formed an association which is making - the market gamblers sit up and take notice. In connection with the meeting of the Michigan Sheep Breeders, the Michigan Wool Growers’ Association was organized at the Michigan Agricultur- al College, in order to put the marketing of Michigan wool upon -a co-operative basis, controlled by the producers themselves. Michigan, with its 2,300,000 sheep and; several thousand wool producers, has great possibilities, especially in Northern - Michigan and in the Upper Peninsula, and the new association I] hopes to develop these possibilities to the limit, turning back all profits to the farmers handling wool. ‘ E. G. Read, of Richland, was elected president of the new i association, and Donald Williams, of Lansing, secretary. Com- petent critics declare that the action taken was at an especially , The accompanying article, which explains the world wool situation, serves to throw interesting light upon the together, holding the first sale about a month after the armistice signing. These auctions have been continu- ing for about a year. They are con- sidered as having been the most un— ique in the wdrid's wool history, so far as the great variety of goods are concerned. , The manufacturers were the heavy buyers especially at the early auc- tions, and the prices shot far down. In the spring the prices rose again and the manufacture rs have been making enormous p r 0 ii ts. The Boston wool dealers and manufac- turers are said to be rolling in prosperity unequaled in their history. But what of the wool growers? Some of them have made money, but many have not. In- stead of the sheep being fleeced, the iso- lated and unorganiz- ed individual been fleeced. . The wool- growers of the West made a notable fight during the past months in order to get a higher lim- it established, in order to get pro-‘ duction cost “plus.” They natural- ly sought to have higher limits es~ tablished. They did not want to have the wools held by the United States government to be sold on a level with theprices- established by the British government. A bill in- troduced into the senate by Senator King would have established mini- mum withdrawal prices at 10 per cent above the parity of British issue prices. This bill ,died in the Senate committee. According to an organ E G READ. of the Boston wool interests, “it it died a natural and proper death." Other bills wanted by the growers met a similar «fate—their organiza- tion was not strong enough. But organized wool growers, fol- lowing their King bill defeat, went to work with renewed energy and scored one point‘ by getting the gov- ernment to call ofi.’ its wool auctions during the months when the wool growers would mar- ket their product. This period, during the summer and au- ‘tumn months saw prices for the high grades at five to ten cents above the gov- egnment withdrawal limits. Even the in- ferior merinos ex- ceeded the withdraw— al limits by a few cents. , Thus one can get a better idea of what the power of or- ganization can do for wool. But numerous defeats of the wool growers have shown that further or- ganization is necesSary. Dealers and manufacturers are more prosperous than ever and have all sorts of mon- ey and influence to throw into the fight to twist the-market to suit their will. Much good can be done right here in Michigan, both in big and little matters. There surely is con- siderable similarity between the Po- tato Growers’ Exchange and the work cut out for the Wool Growers’ Association. Stupendous Task Involved The business of ‘ distributing the government wool stocks has been a . . of Rlchland has President of Mich. Wool orowm- Ass'n 'lechively.‘ F01- example, er yet. "P'l‘he federal; auctiOns haVe liai- ready; disposed of more than 385,- 000,000 «pounds of wool, or an av- erage rate of one'million pounds per. , day for one-year. Neither England nor Australia held sales which could compare with that amount. , ‘ Michigan wool {growers sun's-ed losses during the past season, which organization might prevent to some extent. In the domestic wool mar- ket at Boston last February, ’ when prices were generally down, 1—4 and Missouri good" wool, was quoted at $1.10. During the next few months practically all good wools rose in value from thirteen to m cents. But the Michigan lot dropped of! thirteen cents. Even in Novem- ber, ‘when the market was Met than ever for good grades, the men- igan’lot still showed! a loss-of in con , compared with the fi , February, 1919. guns 9 One striking phase of the need for mutual protection among the, wool growers is seen in the prophesy of the coming of hard times. Says an expert in the Commercial Bulletin. “There are shrewd business men, who are predicting the worst panic in history during the next six months. Others are of the opinion that there will be at lease a year to two years of unprecedented prosper- ity. Between such widely divergent views of equally well-informed men, the reader may ‘pay his money and take his choice.’ For ourselves, we guess along with the optimist, that prosperity will last, even at the pres- ent inflated values rather more than six months. , . “It will be interesting to watch the course of the English govern- ment Colonial wool sales. It would seem to have beenthe better course, could these wools have come for ward more through the usual chan- nels but the problem of getting these wools here under the circumstances now obtaining is a most unusual and , trying one and doubtless the situa- tion will be worked out eventually for the best good of everyone. The _ disposal of the remaining wools own- ed by our own government will be of course merely a matter of detail. It will be close to a year, however. before the war shackles will be com- pletely thrown oil! by the wool trade _ blood combing, mixed lot Michigan . of the world, if indeed," even then.” . One of the strongest prediction. of the New England wool men a present is that a better day is dawn- ing for medium grade wools, fol- lowing the ‘record run of bullishness for the best grades, especially choice Delaine fleeces." But consider for a moment the ex- cellent work being done right here in Michigan. Various co-operative forces in the state have conducted successful experiments in marketing .wool cod- reports have been received from Al- fred Bentail, of Allegan. and others in Western Michigan, telling of [the ax~ cellent results of coop wool dealing in that vicinity, during the last year or so. The Gleaner Clearing House Association- is another agency which has successfully handled large quanti- ties of the crop. Taking for granted that the future marketing succeSs. looks assured for a strong wool growers’ association. let us turn for a moment to the outlook of the general industry 1 sheep-rais- ing in this state. As most readers I, know, northern Michigan and the Upl per Peninsula are filled’ with idle lands which would make excellent sheep lands. The undertaking has been pretty big, heretofore. in the are: of unorganized individuals. But with a live, big growers” organicrati/m , ,1 the job it is hoped that the courage. and the finances can be obtained to put Michigan up where she belongs .in the map-raising states. ' ‘ Taking all things into consider-a— tion ,on the jumbled-up chess board of the world wool situation bf Lite} past'year area and the extremely un- certain future. one feels ”fella, eds-.- ~ fifllul‘tins' the. we . ~- 7. encouraging . l 741“" ”—1.4 lime-4‘? . ,. sf A; s. speaker -’at Gleaner Day at the 7181!: comer-1mm Mr. G. n. . defiance, who was recently , appointed by the sugar beet ‘ growers‘ committee to organize lo- cal associations, that'the Work is be-. ' ing rapidly pushed and meeting with ' great success. . Such wmeetings' as have already been held at i Durand, fat. - Johns and Ithaca entirely dis- prove the statements of the’inanu- lecturers that most of the farmers have signedu‘p. Despite the snow— ~ heund roads the meetin s have been well attended and not one single beet grower has yet been encountered who does not concede to the justice of the growers’ demands or has not ' signified his desire to join the asso- ' elation and help finance the work. . ‘The St. Johns local organization was formed Monday with. fifty chart- er membersfeach paying in $1 to the treasury and signing an agree- . ' ment to pay annual dues amounting to one "cent per ton of beets“ sold thereafter. The form of agreement is printed in bold type on this page. At Durand the previous Saturday a large gathering of, growers was held and all agreed that they would grow no beets except under a contract ap- proved by their committee. At the St. Johns meeting about 1,200 acres of beets were represented by the at- tending farmers. Other meetings scheduled for the week are: Owosso, Jan. 21st; Sagi- naw, Jan. 22nd; Pigeon, Jan. 23rd; Sandusky, Jan. 24th, and additional meetings will be held as the farmers in other localities desire to organize. Mr. Ackerman is following a un- ique but very effective method in reaching the farmers of the‘beet ter- ritory. He has enlisted the aid of the rural school teachers, many of whom have agreed to discuss the proposition with their agricultural classes in an effort to arouse the farmer boys to the justice of the growers’ demands and secure their backing. Mr. Ackerman has been Farmers332t‘to Work in f Earnest to Organize Sugar’ Beet Territory -'-—"=== Membership Roll of the Michigan Sugar Beet ‘ , ‘ Growers? Association eeeoasies-eo...,. . Local Organization We, the undersigned, being'desirous of associating ourselves togeth- er in the Michigan Sugar Beet Growers’ Ass'n, for the pin-peso of secur- ing fair prices for sugar beets in proportion to the price rof sugar, bet- ter beet labor, and the benefits of organization and of the interchange -of ideas and experience in sugar beet raising, hereby signify our inten- tion and become members of said Association and agree to pay a mem- bership fee of $1 and one cent per ton as dues thereafter as long as we are members, the amount of which shall be determined by the number of tons of boots each of us shall market. We also agree to abide by the constitutions and by-laws of this Association and will plant sugar beets only upon securing such contract as shall have been approved by our committee. In case any of us wish to withdraw from this Association it is understood and agreed that any of us may do so by mailing a written notice to the secretary and treasurer of this Association, asking to with- draw and paying the amount their due this Association at the time of such notice. offered invaluable co-operation in his home town of Durand, the entire. class of 14 stenographers and type- writers of the Durand High School having volunteered to take care of his correspondence without charge. This assistance will greatly facilitate the organizing of the sugar beet dis~ tricts and will be heartily appreciat- ed by the growers. Michigan Business Farming is in this fight to the finish and it urges every reader who grows beets to get into immediate touch with Mr. Ack- erman at Durand or Mr. R. P. Peav- ey, of Caro, who is secretary and treasurer of the state association. There is no time to be lost. If the sugar beet territory can be thorough— ly organized during the next sixty days, the manufacturers will be forc- ed to meet with the sugar beet grow- ers representatives and discuss with them the terms of the contract. We cannot see how any farmer, know- ing the facts of the relative profits secured by the growers and the man- r ufacturers out of sugar beets and beet sugar, could refuse his support to this association. There is. no question but what the majority of the farmers will join, _being unwill— ing to grow beets another year under the terms of the old contract, with sugar prices where they are, but a majority is not enough. There is no reason why the MiChigan Sugar Beet Growers’ Ass’n should not be 100 per cent strong and be constituted an authority with which the manu- facturers will have to reckon in the future. So long as the manufactur- ers do not offer competitive bids for acreage (every contract that they present is strikingly similar, not only in meaning but in phraseology,) and the farmers must put themselves in a position to defend their business from the organized manufacturers. If the manufacturers find it to their advantage to organize and fix a standard .price at which they will BUY beets, why should not the farmer follow suit and have a stand- ard price at which they will SELL beets. This is the proposition, pure and simple. Will you stand by._ it? How Every Sugar Beet Grower ' Can Help lst. By refusing to sign any con- tract presented by the manufactur- ers unless previously approved by 7 the gr-owers’ committee. , 2nd. By turning a deaf ear to the claims of the manufacturers and their field agents that they are not anxious to sign up acreage this year. That’s all camouflage and you know it. 3rd. By urging your neighbors to refuse to sign contracts not ap- proved by the committee. 4th. By joining a local sugar beet growers’ association, 61' if there is no local in your vicinity, by writ- ing the secretary and treasurer, Mr. R. P. Peavey, to send someone to your locality to organize one. As a means to this end, every su- gar beet grower is requested to fill out the following coupon and send it to Mr. Reavey, together with a dol— lar bill in payment of, your firs-t year’s dues. This money is needed to help pay the expenses of organ- izing. ’ Mr. R. P. Reavey, Secretary-Treasurer, Caro, Michigan. I hereby make application to be- come a member of the Michigan Su- gar Beet Grewers' Ass’n and enclose, or hand, herewith a membership fee of one dollar, and request that my name be listed with the .......... ...... local organization. (If there is no local organization near you and you desire to have one formed in your community, put a cross mark here ( ). I average to raise ....... acres yearly. .Signed ........ ..... Address Gleaners to Invade Kalamazoo for National Convention, Jan. 27-31 Members from Thirteen States Will Crowd Celery City for Important Sessions of Biennial Conference LL ROADS lead to Kalamazbo for the Gleaner farmers in at least thirteen states, which are expecting to send delegates to the Biennial Convention to begin at the Celery City, Tuesday, Jan. 27, and to continue throughout the week. It is expected to he the biggest event of its kind in the more than twenty- five years of Gleaner history, and Kalamazoo authorities are in an up- roar to prepare a royal welcome. The chief address of the sessions will be delivered by the Hon. Glenn E. Plumb, of Washington, D. 0., authorof the famous P1umb,p1an of railway operation. ‘The Gleaners have been credited with standing firmly with the millions of farmers who are unwilling to have the na- tion’s railways go back to the old owners, and they are sure to find high interest in the address to be .delivered by. Mr. Plumb. The farm- ers'supply more than half of the na- tion's freight and pay for it, too, so the railway problem is one of the biggest in agriculture. Mr. Plumb has a. proposal of putting‘the roads directly into the hands of the peo- ple, with the government, the rail- way workers and the public weep-- crating in the running of the system. Milo Campbell, the generally ac- cepted farmer candidate for Govern-y or of Michigan, will give to the Gleaners what will be his first public address since receiving the unquali- fied backing of. the representatives of the leading farm organizations of the'etate. He is a member of the l-flleaner organization‘and has taken active part in. it, having been 11211: as . menisci; State Fair." Mr. Camp‘- s‘ll’s Kahlua?» address will be do: cred at the opening session, which ' . rt at the Amery at 2 o'clock few arbors which will not send rep- resentatives. A special round trip rate has been supplied by the United- States Railway Administration, and the Gleaner headquarters is arrang- ing free trips as prizes for activities by many members during the winter months. “Gleaners are like a great giant who. has been obliged to'lie rather, quiet for a year or so," says Grant Slocum, supreme secretary and the founder of the order. “This giant organization has been buffeted by every storm which could batter against it—the great war which took away its young men and made the others work day and night to get the most food possible for the boys, while the women and children also worked in the field and did Red Cross and other relief work. besides; the government insurance barred the progress of much of the protection end“ of the Gleaner work, with more than twenty-thousand Gleaners in- th’e service; then came the deaths in the war and the greater toll of the flu epidemic. In spite of all these troubles, the giant has come up smil- ing in much better condition than ever before in every way, and it has a future never before believed pos- sible." ‘ Big Times in the Ofiing Along',with important proposed amendments .to the Gleaner consti- tution and election of officers and so on, matters of the greatest import- ance are stirring not only the Glean- ers but also the farmers throughout the Middle West. The Gleaner farm— ers the first of this month loosened a big surprise. by purchasing the Ar- mour elevator interests in Michigan and by enormously “increasing the co-operative marketing werk « for when, they havefbeen darned. ' Ered Llewellyn. >011:th ' _°ésn:¢_-Gcmnanr.; f0 ‘ soar 1 terminal ‘ ed. Along with the fifteen or more elevators and stations which are al- ready in line under the Gleaners, more than fifty others are definitely preparing to join the great system. So it is expected that a chain of more than one hundred elevators and stations will be in operation within a year or so. A splendid new elevator and store at Lockwood, Ohio has just been established by the Gle-aners, and Indiana and Illinois and other states are expected to come in very soon. In the offing is the prospect of Gleaners owning their own coal mine, canning plant, flour mills, drain tile factories and so on. The whole idea is entirely co—operative and all profits go back to the farmers. Another matter which is stirring the Gleaner organization is the prep- aration-for a huge membership drive to be staged on perhaps a larger scale than anything of its sort in the past. “The Cleaners are Com- ing,” is the slogan which is being sent out through the arbors to tell of the approach of the spring drive. Splendid Program Arranged The mayor of,Kalamazoo and the city’s Board of Commerce haye spent considerable time in preparing for. the reception "and entertainment of the invading Gleaner delegates. Ladies from Indiana and Michigan are to present drillwork, readings and music. The “movie” houses showing “The Story of the Glean— ers” will be thrown open without any charges to Gleaner visitors. The opening session, at 2 o’clock Tuesday afternoon, in the Armory, will be marked by the addressed of distinguished speakers. Wednesday morning .will be occupied by the “Story of the Gleaners" at the mov- ies, and Wednesday afternoon an im- _ pxi tantbu‘siness session will start {“3 wt -mpons of the credentials com- 1.3, “r'-'."..'"--".» * 'J' by sum-ours queers, WWW transient! and. short 3.) struction will occupy the evening of Wednesday, with Miss Lucia Bellamy in charge. . Thursday morning will see a con- tinuation of the business end of the convention and will continue until the work is finished. Officers of the order have excellent tidings to re- port. The financial assets of the or— der are well over a million dollars. Among the amendments to be vot- ed upon by the Gleaners are twenty proposals. One of these would per- mit the extending of benefit member— ship to those living in certain dis— tricts and engaged in other occupa- tions than farming, under certain re— strictions. Another takes up a pro- posal for reorganizing the Supreme Council, and still another would pro- vide for the establishment of an ar- bor upon the acceptance for member- ship of a satisfactory number of can- didates. The committee in charge of pro- gram and entertainment consists of the following ladies: Mrs. Palmer Landon, Miss Lucia Bellamy, Mrs. J. L. Huffman, Mrs. L. Joslin, Mrs. Charles Midgley and Mrs. Emma Cole. The Messrs. Huffman, Joslin. Landon and Midgley will be active in the reception work at Kalamazoo. A topic of the hour which Glean- ers will be discussing at the gather- ings at Kazoo is expected to be the proposed arrangement for state fed- erations of Gleaners, allowing for big state rallies in each of the states where there is a sufilcient number of members. More than 70,000 Gleaners in Michigan alone. forming the largest group of organized famers in the state, make the scene of the conven- tion at Kalamazoo seem especially fitting. And undoubtedly Michigan, being the mother state of the order, is showing the biggest interest in mi“ biennial, which profit“; to. be' ' A m“‘“— a “unaffimgf . ‘ . ;. . at ‘ (Concludedfrom last week) HERE are‘30 employee on'th'e I two Schmidt farms, Walhalla and Saradella. tied, and they occupy heuses furnish— ed by Mr. Schmidt. The boarders live in the “Saradella hotel,” they objecting to the cognoment “board— :lng house.”, A few come from the outside—farmers or farmers’ sons. The men “punch the time clock.” This is placed in a convenient shelt— er outside the office, where there is employed an expert bookkeeper. Ten .hours constitute a day’s work. i The stock from poultry to racing J horses, is high bred—the best in the ' market. Mr. Schmidt can show over 1,500 first prize ribbons secured from state fair, cattle and poultry shows all over the country, besides a cabinet filled with prize cups. On the two farms are 500 sheep, the 50 cows and calves and the 40 horses already mentioned. There are only a few pigs. “Pigs are more profitable to raise than any other kind of animal.” said Mr. Schmidt. “But I don’t like pigs " so I do not raise them." “Some years ago I raised a large number of hogs,” said Mr. Schmidt, ; “and I tried out one of my experi- 3‘ ments. I placed before them all the 1 time plenty of food, and in variety. I They were not confined to one diet. In consequence they soon lost their , hoggish ways, and were dainty in l their selection of food. They stop- f ped crowding. If one eating place was occupied, they leisurely went to (another place, or waited until some 3 of their companions moved away. ‘ “There comes a time when one . 2 must stop feeding hogs. Then they must be marketed. But, as I said, I , don’t like hogs, so this year I am i only raising a dozen for family use.” Mr. Schmidt is an advocate of heavy feeding. The cows are fed in iproportion to the number of quarts of milk they wield. The cow that ’yielded 1,493 pounds of milk in . July, for example, cost $30.25 to feed, milk and take care of, while the cow that yielded 717 pounds of {milk cost $18.16. This is scientific feeding. iMilk at Cost of Four Cent a Quart Everything is in the inventory of 3 Mr. Schmidt’s farms. Indeed the linventory is a marvel in the way of (minutia. Nothing escapes. Each ‘building carries it owns inventory. 2 _ Machinery is everywhere; motors supply power wherever it is i needed, fom the 40 horsepower mo- itor supplying power to the sawmill to the small ones running fans. The [balance sheet showing the cost of arunning the dairy during July was an instructive exhibit. The 16 cows then being machine milked produced “12,998 pounds of milk. The labor 3 and feed cost $278.69. and the out- imut was marketed for $406.06. In ;.a word each cow returned an aver- {age profit for the month of $7.96. lFrom one cause or anbther there ”was a deficit in the output (of four Ten are mar- , 'bushel of each kind," electric " w, c How Ca'rl Schmidt'Meiees Money onstmdiest Landm Michigan? '_ -By JUDSON GRENELL cows.. The profit on the best pro- ducer for that month was $31.36. The average cost for the Whole herd for producing a quart of milk was four cents. It is probable that the overhead and other legitimate charges for marketing the output equaled the original cost. The cows are machine milked. Thelabor cost of taking care of and milking a cow is placed at about $8 a month for a “dry” cow,,say, $4 a month. “When we have grain I shall know the exact cost per said Mr. Schmidt. “There will be no guess- work about it. I can tell the exact cost of cultivating each field.” Two tractors are in use on the farm, one a Michigan and one an Ohio make. They can be run with the greatest economy, because the fields are so large—averaging over 40 acres to a field—and the soil so light. I watched a tractor disc-harrow- ing one ‘ofthe fields. It got over the ground at the rate of five acres a day.‘ The gasoline cost" $1.15 and comparatively few have died. . soon as the labor market becomes " threshed our ‘ 0n the uncleared but tensed-in; portions of his plantations Mr. Schmidt has thus far planted 500,- 000 Norway and white pine trees. A As normal he will plant another 500',- 000—~pehapsla'mf‘illion or more. The trees are raised from seed dropped in a trench. They cost half a cent apiece to raise, and about two cents to plant. Some of these seedlings have been planted without regard‘to order; in other places where the ground allowed of it they have been regularly placed. Where fallen’trees interfered, the rubbish has been cleared away. . “This whole region would long be: fore this have begun to be reforest- ed naturally, but for two reasons," Mr. Schmidt explained. “The, first reason is that the lumbermen were such hogs that they did not leave a single seed tree to propagate its kind. The other reason is that no one made any effort to check forest fires.” “Why jack pines grow so readily after the better pine has been cut down is simple. The other pine tree Pure Bred Holstelns—every one a Money-Maker. the labor $3—-—an average of 83 cents an acre. “Individually I am prejudiced against tractors,” remarked Mr. Schmidt, “though they do the work assigned them. To successfully farm there must be plenty of live stock. Take that $1.15 worth of gasoline; when it is consumed it is gone for good. Feed an animal $1.15 worth of fodder and there will be 70 per cent of it fertility value re- turned to the soil that needs it. In a word, the soil needs manure more than the farmer needs the tractor.” We cut from a barnyard-manured cornfield a stalk 11 feet 9 inches long; but on an experimental patch of corn on Walhalla land where dif- ' ferent fertilizers had been used, the stalks were still longer. [The wheat is well fil‘led‘and sure to run between 25 and 30 bushels to the wire. The potatoes show every evidence of run- ning over 200 ‘bushels to the acre. seeds are very sensitive to fire; it takes very little .heat to ‘kill them. On the other hand the seeds of the jack pine are so well protected that they survive where others die. Ijence when they drop their seeds, these find congenial soil made doubly fer- tile by the ashes of the fies, and so they quickly germinate and grow. “I have taught my men to watch for fires. If a smoke is seen any— where within reasonable distance they get there as quickly as possi— ble and stamp or thrash the fire out. My 500,000 pine trees are get- tingg a good start. There is no rea- son why every foot of pine barrens , not given over to prosperous farm- ing should not be reforested, to the advantage of those who have the enterprise as well as to the state. “There is, however, one other thing that deters people from en- gaging in' extended reforesting." , near markets; . is to be seen wherever the pine has ”W...“ Who would_ expect,” II. Inc on the Jack plm plnlm? 12-foot 69m umw- ‘1 continued Mr. Schmidt. “As the pine trees begin to grow, and the sand is once more covered with vegeta- tion, ”along comes the assessor and increases the assessed value of the land. The result is that this kind of enterprise is discouraged, and many a pine barrens owner declines to interest himself in reforestation. What the State Might Do _.- 1 “If the state, was wise it would tax the timber on timber land only when the timber was ready to be marketed. Growing timber is in the nature. of a manufacturing enter- prise. One tax onthe finished pro- duct would be suflicient, as amatter of equity and justice. The state could also exercise morewisdom in its sales of these millions of acres. State owned land might bedivided into three classes: First, prime land _ ' next, medium lane‘s that with small capital could be used for ordinary agricultural pur- poses; and third, poor,land such as been stripped off. “Let the first kind be sold in not to exceed 40 acres lots; the second kind in not to exceed 500 acre areas; the third in any quantity to suit purchasers. “I look upon it as a duty that the weal-thy owe society to put to use this poor land. I have prOved that even in a financial sense it will pay; that point is settled for all time: the problem of soil building has been solved. And I am proving that in a patriotic sense it is werth all it costs in time and patience. . “I tried to interest the state in the matter of encouraging tree planting by private owners. but was severely turned down. It in- terefered with the speculative scheme of people who had influence, with the legislature. Michigan at least should insist‘that a tree should be planted in some proper locality whenever a tree is cut down. . It would be still better to-plant' two trees." ' ~ Farmers and High Cost of Living Speaking of the high cost of liv- ti! ,armer s_ making You know ‘. ' h vs aIWays been in favor of the “ in nicipial aner‘ship of- street car __ transportation. This activity is too to; permit of it being run for profit. Well, is. this not true of‘transpOrta- son in general?” 5‘ It was suggested that perhaps the government oWnership of the means ‘ of transportation, and th9 operation by a combination of executives and employee might be "the solution’. -" “That may or mhy not be the so? ' lution, " Mr schmidt said, “‘but an};- Way the high cest of transportation in one cause of the high cost cf liv- ing. certainly our transportation system broke down under private management - “But a still geater cause of the high cost of living is the lack of warehousing facilities in populous centers There should be commun— ity owned warehOuses to which the farmers c‘Ould send their produce and 'be sure of proper renumeration un- der proper classification, less_ the actual cost of hahdling. which would be a small item. 1‘ ' “So put it down that this ab- 'sence of publicly owned warehouses has and will increase the _cost of living over and above what it should ,be. i. “Again, the high cost of liv- this could be reduced- by enlarging the activities of the pacel post. Weight allowances are now; too small. The zones are also too small for such wide market areas as are to be found in the United States. ’By enlarging the weight maximum and increasing the size of the zones producers and consumers would ”gradually be brought closer togeth- er, to the detriment of no one but the unnecessary middleman. Of course not all middlemen are in this class. But there are enough of rthem to seriously raise what should be normal prices. “Then again, consumers are to blame. Many are ignorant, and more are indifferent to that econ- omy which adds to the wealth ofVin— dividuals as well as to society. The poor want the best, which in itself is not bad for busineSs; but it~sadly interferes with social economy if ’ each One declines to take out Of the market Some of the inferior cuts of meat, for instance, or refuse to burn anything but the most expensive kinds of fuel. " Farmers Ignorant of Cost Mr. Schmidt considers the aver- Production of HERE is at the present time an I apparent shortage of fertiliz- ers for the spring of 1920, due largely to the following reasons: ' The strike in the phosphate rock mines in Florida for a considerable . period of time this summer and early fall, Was one of the most serious ,. things thatxthe fertilizer industry has had to contend with. Florida supplies the bulk of phosphate rock used by manufacturers in the East, and the strike resulted in a complete tying up of practically all of mines, and While the strike today is technically over, none of the mines is as yet producing ~full tohndge.’ During the strike the laborers scat-’ tered, meat of them finding employ— -ment in' the citrus fruit section, and ;_.m‘an’y have not yet returned. « On account of this shortage in ’ 4' close to the life of the cemmunity. the V, 1. production it has been necessary for, theta rs to buy hard rock.) -~~. , _.‘as Germany". will ,3 V'shipment and ,uge it in their V ,. ’ ,tion or acid phosphate, resulta ' '5 “Not 011 new in a thousand ’ knows what it hhfis cast him to grow : the grain he is sending to market” said Mr. Schmidt. “He does not know what it ichosting him to feed 'his cattle. ‘ He does net know that he cannot sell eggs for less than 80 cents a dosen, in Michigan, charges against the cost cf the‘eg'gs the market: price of the grain the poultry-eat-s. . He does not know the "real reason why hens .do not lay in winter, when, under proper [condi- tions, they will be as prolific in win- ter as in summer. “He refuses to take advantage of the experiences of others in so man- ipulating the soil that crop failure is almost impossible; and this re- fusal arises more from mental indo- lence. not to say laziness, than from any other one thing. borhOod are small "farmers who are making good: also in this 'vicinity are better-located farms in regar to natural soil fertility, whoare go- ing back, and who must eventually sell at a loss or abandonrwhat little they have accomplished in the way of improvements. _ “A famer ought to have the very best stock in the market, because it pays best. It costs no more to feed a good blooded animal than it does to feed a scrub. The same care will bring both" to~ maturity; one will, sell . if 119' In this neigh- ' ,‘ the soil. ” .A Great (Jo-operative Enterprise Mr. Scthdt’s farm- in‘ gactivities are oper- ated'on the co-operative plan. He supplies the land, the 40 or more buildings in use and the active capital. He gives to the heads of his de- partments 25 per cent of the profits and anoth- er 25 per cent is divid- ed among the rest of the employes. The re— maining 50 per cent is his share out of which must come interest on ’ch-pit'al investment and such overhead charges as cannot be charged against the business. This is a new ar- rangement between Mr. Schmidt and his employ- es. so there is no data which can be taken as a basis for prophesying the ultimate results. However, as these employes. receive the very highest . Wages given to any similar body of farm hands in Michigan, should there be a deficit instead of a surplus they‘ would have nothing of which to complain and the loss would fall en- ‘tireiy on Mr. Schmidt. A job nurser on these farms gets no encouragement from his mates Oeda :- Lake.- Pinuree P'olnt In the dlstanco. great numbers of duck s. , offhand, the other can Only be mar- ' ketedat a loss‘. “It is a pity that so mahyfarms are being run by tenant farmers. It does not speak well for the occupa— tion. But possibly some of this ten- ant'farming comes from the fact that the farmer, when younger, ran two farms, an owner and»a tenant. Oth— ers rent outright, and if the terms of the lease are loosely drawn the result is pretty su’rtho be an in- crease~ in the n’umber‘of both ten- ant farms and tenant farmers. On ...’ Abound: wlth Fish and Is the restlno place of for his laziness would cut into their profits. Therefore a. “foreman” in the sense of needing someone to - watch and keep the men to work is a superfluity which has been elim— inated. Each man must keep up his end, or he is practically “fired” by 'his fellow employes. As a result the fields are ployed and planted when they should be and also in a workmanlike manner. The hay and grain are harvested promptly, so that there is no need- less waste from the unpropitiousness A fine specimen of the Elk on the Schmidt Farm of the weather. The cattle receive the best of care, for the men are looking after their own interests. In a word, it is a co- -operative partner- ship which safeguards the interests of all. To add to the close relationship between employer and employes, a dance is held in the farm club house every Saturday night, in which all are on a democratic equality, and all participate in the dancing. There is also on Serradella Farm 3. public school, the 16 pupils being all from families. the heads of whom ae employed by Mr. Schmidt. The Right to be Happy “Give me a thought to take away with me,” I said jokingly to Mr. Schmidt, after a four days’ visit. I had roamed at will over fields cov- ered with a good turf, through buildings for housing the cattle but from which the usual smell accom- panying such use was absent, and along forest paths leading to Lake Huron; and I had been taken around the country along the shores of Van Etten Lake and the AuSable river and over the jack pine plains. ”Fiddlesticks,” Mr. Schmidt re- plied. “I'm no dotage philosopher. My joy in living comes from doing things the ‘other fellow' is afraid to tackle. One has the right to do that which will bring to him and his fel- low men the greatest happiness; and it is inconceivable that happiness can be obtained by injuring others.” The chauffeur tooted his horn, and I jumped into the waiting coupe as the individualist co—operator waved me a genial adieu. Fertilizer for1920 Likely to be Short of Demand By. W. D. HUNTINGTON, -President, National Fertilizer Association. for their sulphuric acid; The re- duced production has added to the cost of overhead charges per ton, and . the cost of lab0r is considerably higher than dt was when the armis- tice was signed. These conditions have resulted in making the cost of «acid phosphate considerably more than it was last spring. ‘ In connectidn With- the raw mater- ials for complete fertilizers. the man— ufacturers are considerably worried over the prdbable shortage in' the supply of potash which certainly will not be anything like sufficient to sup- ply the demand that is already evi~ sauces from the orders that are be- ing placed. The promises of ship- .men't‘s from Alsatian: mines, as well carried out, The supply of sulphate of ammon- ia will be very greatly reduced ‘be- cause of the coal strike. This had resulted in an increased demand for 'nitrate of soda, and of course, as is always the case, the price has ad— vanced considerably. Nitrate of "soda m being offered today by the importers at a much higher price than it was purchased» for three months ago. ' ‘ The other ammoniates, such as Vtankage and cotton seed meal and ,fish', are extremely scarce, due, I think, more to the fact that a very large percentage of all of these art- iclest now going into food for cat— tle. which formerly was only used for fertilizer purposes. 'V There is no question but What ., the fertilizer manufacturers are to; day, confronted With far more seri- ous problems than .; they had during the war,- but every messihle egort debeing ma e to keep ., methanol this a considerable short- ‘ :odnetion throughout with anything , the 2h ghost pos- g ,. ' -.§n'rone, _ioutside. shit he}?! eastern part of the United States for the spring 1920 as compared with the spring 1919, and because of the high price of cotton and other farm ? products, I do not believe there is any question but that the demand will be at least ten per cent great- er than it was last year. This is a. f most unfortunate situation coming' at a time when the cost of living is terrific, and can only come down 'by, increased production so that the suns ply Will be equal to, or greater thaw E the demand. I have only recently returnd iron! abroad, .where I spent three months in England and on the continent, and. as a result of my investigation I find that there is a world shortagq‘ of ‘acid phosphate, and that the sits , _uation over there is far more alarm-i ing than" it is here; for they hand ‘ practised” more intensive cultivation‘ _ than we have, and are absolutely deQ-I ‘ pendent upon the use of large quanq :? , I am . f titles of fertilizer per acre.. quite confident that the shortage in mof Germany, Anis- x“. 11., H‘s . “L , . . a ~ “on S HE FEED situation means to I those who are present today—5— the available supply of dairy feeds, and the probable course of the market. , The Amercian dairyman was some- what fortunate at the beginning of the war, because there was a. very plentiful supply of dairy feeds.» Prior to 1914, probably 1-3 of the cottons seed meal production was exported, somewhere around 700,000 to 750.- 000 tons. About 1-8 to 1-2 of the cottonseed meal production usually went into the manufacture of fertil- izers in the south. The rest, amount- ing to anywhere from 1-6 tel-3 of the crop, or some 300,000 to 700,000 tone, was estimated'as being used to feed domestic animals in“ the Unit- ed states. Quite .a large proportion of this went to feed beef cattle, es— pecially in the southwest and west. In 1914, the south was suddenly threatened with no market for eith- er cotton or cottonseed They could not look ahead and see that cotton was bound to become one of the most valuable commodities we , could raise—and that it would treble in price. Germany and Scandinavia were our chief customers for cotton- seed meal. When all ocean com- merce with them was suspended, the price of cottonseed meal immediate- ly slumped. It could be bought at a very low flgure——-even cheaper than cornmeal. Very soon this situation righted itself, and cottonseed meal went up. Just because it was cheap, everybody started using it. Another situation arose that may never be repeated. The amount of explosive needed in modern warfare is almost beyond belief. For every pound of smokeless powder, it is said two pounds of alcohol are required to make it. All the distilleries in Europe were not able to make alco- hol enough at the beginning of the war to take care of f- 10 of their consumption, and they were forced to call on the United States, which had a very large capacity which had never been fully used. The result was that every distillery in the Unit- ed States had all the orders it could take care of to run continuously for several years. This took an enor— mous amount of corn, and all the molasses that could be obtained. It is probable that distillers used up in a single year close to 720,000 tons of corn, which, expressed in bushels would be about fifty-six million bush- els. Possibly, more than this was used. In any event, there was pro- duction close to 20,000 tons per month of that valuable dairy feed known as corn distiller’s grains. The result was that we had an abundance of good dairy feeds for several years. As we got into the war ourselves, we ran short of nitrogen for powder and other purposes, and this hit the fertilizer trade, who could not get enough Chilean nitrate, and were therefore forced to use more cotton— ' seed meal. Cottonseed meal was under regulation, and the price was put so low that it was the cheapest fertilizer material available. Regu- lation is quite apt to rob the cow when she is not given an opportuni- ty to pay up for what she needs on account of a fixed price and no chance to bid. This turning of so much dairy feed into fertilizer was felt in the shape of higher prices for dairy feeds. They started to go up in 1917, and have gone up nearly $20 a ton since that time; at least, the high protein feeds. Our Allies were soon able to build up enough distilling capacity to make their own alcohol, and the distilling of corn was stoppedsabout a year ands. half ago. » What alcohol we. needed toward the . endgofthe war, we woreableto make I, out of molasses. This put the price a of molasses up to a very high figure, around $40 per ton, but at the same ‘ time, we had a'short' crop, and corn sold at over $2 per bushel. ' It is' well to look over our produc- tioufland supply of dairy feeds. and we can better understand the causi- «é. es of the present scarcity and reason for me of them being out of line, products. ' practically ' Cereals Decent-ed by Interests Making Exploswes, Readyustmeats Needed in" semis Breeders more appreciated at home, and in- By R. W. CHAPIN, Pres. of Chopin a Company (From his address to Breeders convened at East Lansing last week) former years, corn being our chief animal food, it always had a pro- found influence on the prices of all other feeds and grains. A chart showing the price of bran for the past'ten years until we got into war- " time regulation would show that the ' bran price followed the corn price very closely all-t this time. Some- times it was a little below and some- times a little above. These two feeds are not necessarily interchangeable ——certainly, corn has a very much greater feeding value than bran, but the close relationship between prices shows there must have been some reason for it that we -do net under- stand. Our production of wheat mill feeds —bran and middlings—while it has increased each year with the popula- tion, has not increased very consid- erably, because, in years gone by, we grew a great deal more wheat than they could. get them, they used oth- er bulky feeds, like distillers and brewers grains, and sometimes beet pulipasoat hulls, and other coarse ma- er a The increase; in the; number of dairy cows as shown by the census which new reports about twenty- three million cows, does not tell the whole story. The cows are getting bigger and better—they produce more and they eat more. They are ’ being fed better rations and they" need more dairy feeds, such as bran and the protein feeds. The 'per cow production of bran, however, has gone down. This does not mean the cows are getting any less bran per head, but there is not enough avail- ' able to feed them all. It is true a elarge part of our cow popoulation is in the west and in some sections only summer dairying is practiced, and pastures, with a little farm Protein Feed for Cows n ”m—P—RBTFW"SW—FEEfismliR—O‘IWCEFPRIOR TO THE WAR Cottonseed Meal Linseed Meal Gluten Feed \Vheutr Bran ................... Middling and Feed Flour ........ Cocoanut Meal .............. ................. ooooooooooooo seen-a ................ [‘24,ooo,ooo Cows Per Cow .1,500,000 tons 130 lbs. . 400,000 tons 40 lbs. 600, 000 ions 60 lbs. .8, 000, 000 tons 260 lbs. .2, 000, 000 tons 150 lbs. . 60, 000 tons 6 lbs. ' ‘ AMOTI‘N’T’BF PROTE'INfl-FEEllS—KCTUALLY uses—Imagine; Co? PER COW PER YEAR, 1919 Per Year Cottonseed Meal ...................... 65 lbs. 26. lbs. Oil Meal ..... 2 ................ . ...... 25 lbs. 8.2 lbs.__ Gluten Feed ................. . . . . . . . .50 lbs. 12.5 lbs. Bran ........ 4 ........... ............2101be. 31.51115. Middlings ............................ 75 lbs. 11. lbs. Coconut Meal ........................ 6 lbs. .121bs. our population consumed, and ex- ported the flour so that this gave us plenty of mill feed, For every addi- tion to our population, we need more cows to give them milk and butter, as well as other dairy products. The cow population has increased faster than the feed production. Wheat bran is one of our chief dairy feeds, even more necessary than middlings. Middlings is quite largely diverted to the feeding of swine. Quite a lit- tle goes into poultry mashes, and a large amount of it is fed to young. It is safe to say we have a stock. production of about three and a half million tons of bran and one and a half million tons of middlings and feed flours. When we had such a bumper wheat crop year before last, we ex- ported a large part of it, and did not increase our milling so materially. The bran situation during the war was a great source of trouble, and much bitterness. This was due to the fact that it was regulated or con~ A trolled. Whenever man tries to reg-,, ulate prices, he nearly always makes a mess of it, because prices have to regulate themselves. Where prices are regulated by agreement between the producer and consumer, there is less trouble, because adjustments are made from time to time to meet the actual conditions, and give both sides a square deal, but when an ar- bitrary 'price is put on any commodi- ty, it is against all the experience of manki d, and no good can come of it. Regulating prices does not in- crease the quantity one bit nor does it produce any equitable distribu- tion. This country is too bigto have bread cards, meat cards, 'or feed cards, so that every man should get - his just quote. The card system was a failure in every country that tried it. The dairyman needs bran worse than any other animal husbandry man and can afford to pay more fer it because the dairy cow does need , a bulky ration to prevent impaction‘s where she is fed so many fine ieeds. like meals Since the ear-lieu days, tamer; have MWW up their meal this-being the ‘ t m grains, is about all the cows get. Dairy cows farther east, where they have pure bred and good grade cows, have to be fed the year around, for both summer and winter dairying. To return to our supply of feed, .our average production of cotton- seed for the past ten years was about twelve million bales. This would or- dinarily give us two million tons of cottonseed meal and cake. The last crop is below the average, and is variously estimated at between ten and eleven million bales. would mean a decrease of about two hundred thousand tons of cottonseed cake. This is not all. Texas pro- duces about 40 per cent of the cot- ton crop. Texas had very bad weather at the time of maturity, and a large part of the seed was damag- ed Some of the states also had excessive rains and their crop was badly damaged. The meal from damaged seed will mostly have to go into fertilizer although some of it will be fed from necessity. Our fiaxseed crop has been stead— ily going downward. Flaxseed is grown in the northwest, chiefly as a first crop, to break up the soil. The largest crop of flaxseed we ever rais- ed was twenty-six million bushels. Our normal requirements at' the present time are\ not less than twen- ty-one million bushels. This year’s crop was estimated by the govern- ‘ment to be ten million bushels, and by the linseed crushers, who have been good crop reporters, at some- where between six and eight million ' bushels. A twenty-six million bush- el crop would produce about 600, 000 tons of linseed cake, and a ten mil- lion bushel crop only about 200, 000 tons. This means that we will have .to draw at least ten million bush- els of flaxseed chiefly from the Ar— _ it, and fortunately. we did not try» rgoutlne,.althoughsomo '“Jt’wi‘h‘fi’ had in Canada. ; Flaxseed that comes from the Argentine is naturally crushed at our seaports, and to bring the resulting meal or cake into the middle west is very costly, as freight rates are very high. In previous years, a large partn‘ of ourhmedmeslandcske. This ' other southern . selling prices. [the marketvalueoftheeorathat stead of shipping millions of dollars worth of fertilizer material and food to Europe, we are inclined to keep it at home and save the fertility and get the results from the feed. - .- You can readily figure that with this small production of linseed meal ,not half of the. cows in the-country can gets smell oflt. moreover. great deal of it is fed to horses, steers, shoep and young animals. Our fourth largest protein feed is Corn Gluten Feed—a bar-product from’ the manufacture of starch and corn syrup. It resembles distillors’ grains vow much in its composition; except that it is made by a different process and does not taste the same or exactly the same when fed. Our production of gluten feed is ordin- arily about 000,000 tons a year. It is increasing rapidly, due to the enor~ mous demand for sugars and sweets of all kinds. During the last year, one large starch factory was destroy- ed by flre—another company had a very bad strike for 40 days, and the production of gluten feed was cut down just when we needed it most, by an amount somewhere between 80, 000 and 100,000 tons at least. This may account for the change in * the relative price of this feed, where- as last year, gluten feed sold at $15 under corn, right now, it is $15 over, but no one can say an article is not - worth what it can bring, or that a protein feed may not be worth a ' good deal more than the grain from which it is made. It would take 300 pounds of corn to supply the pro- tein. found in 100 pounds of gluten feed, and we can't feed dairy cows' very well on corn and oats. It is' better to take out the starch and feed the protein part to the cow for a cer-‘ tain part of her ration. It was estimated by the Chicago “Price Current" that there infill. year, compared with last, (and by that, they mean the current year from summer to summer,) a short--_ age of one and one half million tons of protein foods, which would figure out about as follows: 600,000 tons of brewers9”grains, 240,000 tons of distillers’ grains, and the remainder in linseed and cottonseed meal, malt sprouts (of which there was annual- ly made approximately 75,000 tons) and cocoanut meal, (which was a- war production, and which is no longer made to any extent, at least. not right now.) With this great shortage in protein * feeds, the relatively high price of: them can be explained. For the past five or six years, protein feeds did not, as a whole, taking an average of all kinds, cost any more than corn and oats. Right now, corn and oats are relatively cheap, especially on the farm, the average price, «taking the country over, would be not to exceed 800 for oats, which is $50 per ton, or $1.40 for corn, which is $50. These are wholesale prices or Protein feeds cost all‘ the way from $70 to $85 wholesale and more at retail. One dislikes very much to be thrown into a discussion on political economy, for it is a very dry sub- ject and one on which authorities do not seem to agree, but everyone must admit that prices have come up and money has, gone'down. The produc— tion of money all over the world is only limited by the capacity of’ the printing presses that make it. There is, at the present time, three and one half «times as much money, mostly ' paper money, in the U. B. as there was four years ago. Money is only a ~convenience in bartering. We'. ,could, if we had to, get along with- " out it, but it would be Very clumsy. What the. farmer. is most concerned about is—are his prices on with other “palm of the m most needs? There are always some discrepancies, of course. There are times when a hog sells for less than wasted tohlm. Thereisno fixed laleOOpoundsefnflhshould aline . . '- 1,. ; 40’ .4. annual-pen p.01 _‘—‘|-l ‘A—HAHA‘ ill-Hr.- , our and total 01 the ~ » crope'i Very little, you will fire to eaten. And yet you must adL rim and all. just a. much to your “ Mia! meet to how the annual supplyoffoodasitisiorthe manu- »hcturer of automobiles to know the annual- my of machines. After eev‘ fie! you: of indifferent success in governmental regulation offood prices world’s \ we are more thoroughly impressed ' than ever with the fact that supply and demand D0 regulate the prices of ‘ the products you grow on your farm, to a very large extent. are may speculate, and the bears and bulls may raid the markets, the prices of minor crops may successfully be controlled, and the prices of the major . crops for a time held in check, but by ‘ the end of the marketing season, the inexorable laws of Supply and de- mand make themselves felt as the fi- nalbarometers of trade. , Agriculture has groped for centur- ies in the dark, never knowing from one season’s end to another what the . season might bring forth. Crops have always been sold in almost total ig- norance of Ilhe price the consumer would have to pay. “Better a halt a loaf than none " has been the motto The speculat' ,9.“ "Give interestmgCompamon Between Production per Acre and Total of minow about the; .WO'rld' 8 Principal Agricultural Countries could give to the' farmers some idea of the estimated production of farm crops. . . The Intemational Institute of Agriculture has done wonderful work along this line, and the country, of which the annual estimated produc- tion of farm crops is not known to this institute is hardly worth reporting. But commendable a’s has been the work by these two great crop-statistic get-honing bureaus, it is still crude and far from comprehensive. Moreover, a serious question exists as to whether the general public should-be apprais- ed 01 theannual production of crops any more than of the annual produc- tion of clothing, automobiles, steel rails, etc. There-is a question as to whether this is not a matter that is solely the concern of the farmer, who, like other manufacturers must receive a fair profit over cost of production if his business is to thrive. But in the absence of any means provided by the farmer for the purposa of gathering these crop statistics for his confiden- tial benefit, such efforts as have been made by governments along these lines are to be heartily commended. As a national 'organization of farm- ers. the Farm Bureau is calculated to perform this function eventually. The only reason why farmers produce crops in excess of the world’s needs, is, because they each and individually are ignorant of what crops their fellow farmers are producing. Were there a national organization through which every county in the state of Michigan could be kept advised of the crop plans of every other county, who would say that a great deal of the frequent over-production of this crop and the under-production of that crop could not be largely eliminated. We assert that were every acre in the United States producing the crop best adapted to (it that crops would be pro- duced in more even quantities, and the excess or under- supply of the con- sumers’ 6 needs would become so slight as to be scarcely noticeable and would have no material effect upon the mar- ket price. Below are a number of charts show- ing the estimates of the U. S. Bureau or Crop Estimates and of the Interna- tional Institute of Agriculture, of the world acreage and production of wheat, oats corn, rye,2barley and po- tatoes. They are not complete,- but enough figures are given to enable the average farmer to make intelligent comparisons between the crops fer the three years mentioned, and to deter- mine therefrom what the demand and price may be expected to be on the balance (it the 1919 crop. The report shows a shortage of wheat, oats, rye and barley, but a considerable surplus of corn. Things to be taken into con- sideration in examining the figures are the difficulties now being experi- ienced by Iihe export trade, such as lack of ships, high rate of exchange, Europe’s poverty, etc. Our conclusion from a review of these charts is that materially higher prices are in pros- pect on all these crops with the pos- sible exception of corn. Some inde- pendent reporters claim that the gov- ernment’s figures on corn are too high in which case there is better than an even chance that corn prices will be higher before another crop. Note the much higher production per acre in foreign countries than in the United States. The average yield of wheat in this country for 1919 was, for instance, about 13 bushels to the acre. In Belgium it was 30, Denmark f“ the fkarmfr’ Who has taken ’his "ODS . ’ (1918) 40, Germany (1918) 25. The av- 0 mar et 11 fear and trembling 195‘; CORN erase yield of potatoes in the United he might not receive for them what States for 1919 was about 90 bus. to his labor and investment would entitle I ,,AREA (000 own-en) I PRODUCTION (ooo OMITTED) the acre In Canada it was 130‘ Bel- him to have. 'He considered himself Country .......... 1919 1918 I 1917 1919 1918 1917 ium '256 Gel‘manv (1917) 200 Neth- fortunate if he received that price and \ Aana I AcREs I AcREe BUSHELS eusHELs ausHELs g ' . . _ - , , ’ United States . 102,075 04,467 I 116,730 2,917,460 2,502,665 3,065,233 erIandIS 275_ On nezlrly all other crops put it gllwéldas merely '[liack luck if he Canada .......... '239 250 I 234 1 . 4 . ' . the Vield in the United States com- - were 0 g to accept ess. But the South AWN“ ‘ ‘ l I'th oh i M in oth- twenueflh century farmer has come to ‘Argentina. ....... 8,715 8,969 170,660 58,839 pa! es favorab y W! e y 9 "Chile . . . . . ...... 65 65 49 1,702 1,446 1,338 er countries, the conclusion that the profits and Europe ‘ ‘ ‘ losses of farming need not be left to France (a) ....... 756 734 I 347 ~ 8,743 14,904 The present chaos 111 Russia. makes the whims of chance. He believeé that 1823ng . .. ------- :33; 2433 I 1*??? Egg 2321):? 513.343; it impossible to gather dependable sta- more losses are sustained from in- SwitzerlahdHZZZZZZI 6 ' 7 ' 5 '287 ' 58 ’252 “SW35 '0"? that great “mmtrys cmps' adequate market prjcg than from inad- I but it is sure that none of the Rus- OCIua'te production, and since produc— Brigsh .If‘fBB'ZZjij 136 “€11; I “fig 939,23 931.332 sian provinces have DI‘Odm‘ed more tion cannot be entirely controlled by. Philllpine Isles 1,034 . 1058 11,271 18.441 than 51113110191“ for domeSUC needs man, the losses thus sustained must .Africa I , ' Russia '18, therefore, out of the reck— be passed on to the consumer. So‘ it is £33333; S: {Africa 3'950 3'33 I 3311,28 41'2” “3'3: 33,2;6 oning for some time to come as an ex- to the adoption of a national and per- ’ ' port nation. halplshlauier an imterfngtiolnal plan by RYE The figures in these tables are W o 9 supp Y 0 00 prOducts can taken from original reports publish- be approximated from year to year, _ AR“ (000 OMITTED) I PRODUCTION (00° OMITTED) ed b the various governments, from AcREe I Aonse AcREsl BUSHELSIBUSHELS IeusHELs Y . gill thekditstriimtion so airmnged. and Country .......... 1919 1918 1919 1918 1917 the International Instltute of ,Agrl- 0 mar 9 PT ce SO 1‘03“ flied that the 0"“! Amu'l“ culture, and from other sources that greatest number or farmers may re- 3:11:31”. Stile: :L’f.‘ 7’28; 6'33; 4' 317 83:24:: “£31 633%.? quote government reports. ceive a fair profit for their goods at Europe ‘ ' The years given here are those the lowest possible prices to the con- Belgi .......... 496 I 13,681 I _ , h h h t t k 121 e sumer Czecho Slovakia 1,834 _ , . during wh1c t e arves s a e p c . Denmark ........ 559 542 436 12,726 8,870 In the countrles lnarked Wlth an as- The Bureau of Crop Estimates of France (a) ...... 1.817 1,746 1,834 27.833 29,935 24,768 . . d f th U S D . Germany (1,) 14,200 13, 650I 315.301 274 677' term" ( l the harveStS eXten mm 9 - - epartment Of. Agrlculture ............ 272 272 I 27 9'] 4,571 4.724 42460 the end of one year to the beginning has spent many years in tho organiz- Netherlands . 133% -1 8118 I 1. .333 $3.23; 313.23; 11,958 of the next year and for these coun- ing of a crop reporting servlCe WhiChszQel-idnd"123221 ' 51 ' 72 I 55 1:575 1:850 2333, tries the years are 1918—19, 1917. W H E A '1‘ 0 A T S I AR_I:_A_ 7_oo‘9_ 9_MIT1'ED) I PRODUCTION (ooo omrrraor I AREA (ooo‘oMI-n-ED) I PRODUQTIQEMWOQ oMI-rrEo) Country .......... I 1919 I 1918 1917 I 1919 1918 1917 Country .......... 1919 | 1918 I 1917 1919 1918 1917 . ACRES ACRES ACRES BUSHELS BUSHELS BUSHELS ACRES ACRES ACREs BUSHELS BUSHELS IBUSHELS North America. North America I ~United States 73.243 59.181 46,089 940,987 921.438 636.655 United States 42400 44,349 43,553 1,248,310 1,538,124 1,592,740 Canada .......... 17,283 17,364 14,366 193,689 189,075 233,743 Canada. .......... 14,754 14,790 13,313 399,368 426,312 403,010 South America ' South America 'Argentina. ....... 16.976 17.875 16,089- 184,268 223.636 80.115 ‘Argentina. ....... 2,980 3,200 2,525 I 44,120 68.635 32.009 'Chllo ..... . ..... 1,313 1,302 , 72 , 23,120 22,498 Chile ............. 79 79 126 I 3,250 3,177 6.564 Europe Europe Belgium ......... 329 9,895 Belgium .......... 660 26,920 _ Denmark . ..... 124 140 ‘13 6.330 4.296 Denmark ......... 961 937 981 41,571 37,653 France (a) .......I 11,316 10,993 10,857 177,978 226,736 134.575 France (a) ....... 6,815 6,721 7,308 168,303 176,504 314,259 Germany (b .. 3,54 '8,573 , - 81,791 Alsace-Lorraine 21 Ital . . . . . 10,571 10.798 10.487 169,56317,6 368 . 139,999 Germany (b) ..... 8,071 8,625 322,475 249, 964 Not erlande 162 14 12 _ 6,01 5,431 3.45 Italy ............. 1,129 1,211 1.107 34,722 41,336 33,889 pain . . . . . . 10.388 10.228 I 10,340 183.929 165, 709 142.674 Netherlands ...... 368 392 371 20,612 18617 18,594 Switzer . 130 20 139 8,524 059 4,556 Norway .......... 343 366 16,810 16,582 17,004 United 1Kingdom .. 2,793 2.106 96, 079 66,350 8.!!! ............ 1,638 1,607 1,425 28,814 30,474 33,048 .1. Sweden .......... 1.811 1.933 57.880 67.142 British Imit- 28,764 85.487 22,940 280,075 870,421 382,069 Switzerland ...... 67 86 70 2,770 5.18 4, 602 A???“ . ...... I 1,376 I 1,390 .89 9,8 3 , 3 34,746 Hniited Kingdom .. 6,603 4,764 267,433 214. 728 re. 93 ' . Algeria . . . 2,828 I 2.186 8.222 26,559 49,774 23,161 Japan ............ 215 156 130 9,921 12,243 6,690 nie 1,190 .418 1,210 7.000 8,451 6,963 Africa I I ‘Unlon of S. Africa. 953 925 755 10,150 8,833 4.79 Algeria. .......... 533 688 I 682 11,219 22.914 16.126 Allustrul . . 7,990 9.775 l" 11, 533 75,188 114,134 152,420 Tun-is ............ 127 151 124 3.445 4,271 3,996 :New ”alum! .... 209 28 6,65 6.608 5,05‘ ‘Australia ....... 616 844 10,387 14,018 - ’New Zealand . . . . 173 156 178 6,926 4,943 6,371 B A R LE Y ________ _ ~ POTATOES AREA 3.9.2? omrn'ln) I Pmuoflou (ooo OMITTED). . (Tountry . 1919 1918 1917 1919 1913 1917 I AREA (000 OMITTED) I vacuum-Ion (ooo OIITTEDl North Amen-g . (“canny .......... 1919, 1918 I 1917 1919 1918 1917 ; ACRES acnle noses noel-Ins ausHELe avenue aoaes AOREs AoREs aueRELe BUSHELB aueHELs Unite 81‘“! . .. 7.420 2.740 8,933 165,719 266,225 211,759 North America Can ...u .. 3,018 .154 2.392 66.444 77.287 55,038 United States ..... 4,013 4,295 4,384 357,901 411,860 442,108 South America I ‘ ‘ Canada. . ..... 713 736 657 100,545 104,364 79,892 ..... 93 96 126 2,977 3,304 4840 South America , H ‘Chi 1e ....... . . 78 81 70 9.768 9,640 9,091 . . . 75 3,617 ._ Europe - . . 890 I ~ 1 Belgium ......... 319 76.064 . ..I 569 64! 692 21,455 17,331 Czecho Slovakia .. 89,8 .. - 1.840 1.371 1,699 u .820 87.475 37.265 Denmark ------ . 326 186 14,3 40.605 31.882 ....I . 8,640 2,788 103 73.0 9.3:.) France (a) 2,884 3,386 228,433 382,647 , 17:2- 494 \ 469 8,327 ghee 7,4 Germany (1.)" 6,740 I' 8.186 1,082,816 1,234,374 ~,e «lands ......I 5 80 52 3335‘ ' .016 3,573 Italy . 741 732 4409 4311 film ,. _,,,,,,,,,,, 4.1“ 4,209 4.086 7 00.498 1d,“? Luxemburg 4,73 5,92 .....1 ., 22 ,19 .868 71 Netherlands fig fig 1:143; 133.288 12“978 , 59,230 , .954 :4 "00 . ....... 786 728 839 102,418 ‘ ‘ ' l‘u'. - " , . 91.500 , 82,650 .' 88.896 .186 168 140 27.926 30,375 _ . , . 1,505 1 365 844.326 321.209 83.607 ‘ ., . CALHOUN COUNTY ANNUAL FARM BUREAU MEETING The big court room in the Mar- shall court house was filled with eag- er farmers on Saturday, January 10. Every man and woman present was talking organization. All were anxious to hear about the progress of the Farm Bureau campaign. The meeting. was the best represented farmers' gathering ever held in Cal— houn county. People came from every township ready to do their part in perfecting the organization. County Agent, Paul C. Jamieson read his annual report, which show—' ed that a great deal of progress had been made in the development of the , Farm Bureau organization, and that. a successful, constructive program of ' work has been completed. Mr. Williard Cribbs, of the State Market Department, explained the methods employed by the Michigan Potato Growers’ Exchange in selling farm produce and in purchasing sup— plies. He told of the wonderful pos— sibilities of the Farm Bureau in solv- ing our market problems. Dr. W. W. Deihl, the father of the great Il- linois Agricultural Association, spoke of the wonderful field opento the Farm Bureau in marketing, in leg- islature and in education. Secre- tary, C. A. Bingham, of the Michi- gan State Farm Bureau, related some of his experiences with the old Farm Bureau, and told of the de- velopment of the New Farm Bureau which is gaining the suppert of thousands of farmers throughout the state. Dr. Eben Mumford, state lead— er of County Agents, awakened ev- erybody to the realiziation of the great need of a strong, active farm- ers’ for the farmer’s interests in every bran-ch of the agricultural business. Dr. Eben Mumford said that we must organize and make agriculture a desirable and profitable occupation for the young men of our country or our farms will be owned by" peasants who are willing to put up with poor conditions and a poor living. Mr. Paul C. Jamieson, county agent in Calhoun county, enthused the crowd with the idea of getting behind the organization with a fight- ing spirit to win and to stick togeth- er. He said that Calhoun county should get 1,800 members. His call for volunteers to drive the ca‘nvass- ers from farm to farm brought six- ty-flve men to the front. Some townships are ready for business now with practically no work necessary. The farmers of Calhoun county are certainly to be congratulated in the way they are taking hold of the Farm Bureau or- ganization work—Paul C. Jamieson, County Agricultural Agent. OVER 15 MILLIONS LOANED TO FARMERS IN DECEBIBER During the month of December, ’19, an aggregate of $14,281,625 was loan- ed to 4,267 farmers Of the United States by the Federal Land banks on long-time first mortgages according to the monthly statements made to the Farm Loan Board. The Federal Land .bank of St: Paul leads in the amount of loans closed, the same being $2,- 344,800, the Federal Land bank of Houston following with $2,239,505. The other banks closed loans in De- cember as follows: Spokane, $1,660,- 200; Louisville, $1,381,000; Omaha, $1,087,100; Columbia, $1,017,900; New Orleans, $1,015,150; St. Louis, $908,- 770; Wichita, $736,200; Berkeley, $712, 500; Springfield, $652,900; Balti- more, $525, 600. On December 31,1919,6here were operating in the United States 3,923 .farm loan associations. The total mortgage loans made by the Federal , Land banks through these associations . to 111,131 farmer-borrowers as of that date, amounted to $296,386,496. Dur- ing December 7,484 applicationswere received asking for $28. 913 802. Dur- ing" the same period 6, 35 loans were T ’- approved, amounting to 321, 411 ,365. The grand ..total as above, of 1061113 I a1 Land bank districle as follower organization which will work] preliminary \ ributed within the Fedorw. St. Paul 39,834,906 Spokane ‘. ‘.l. .‘.. . . .- 39, 27,0 420 Omaha . . . . . . . . 37, 942, 490 _ HoustOnfl... ...... 33,647,906j ‘Wichita ,. . . . . ........ 25, 333, 600 " St. Louis ..... , ...... 23,223,110 Louisville ............. 21, 317, 700- , New Orleans, ...... . 20, 563, 530 Columbia . ......... 16 0,30, 495 Berkeley ............. 15,713,300 Baltimore .......... .. 11,959, 400 Springfield . . . . . . . . . .j. 11,549,645 Up to, December 31, 1919, interest and amortization payments due by borrowers to the banks amounted to $16, 825, 073. 07. Of this amount all but $233,904.07, or 14 per cent had been paid, and of this Sum $115, 499. 71 rep- resents installments which had only become due duringthe month. _‘ , Standish Condensary , Closed The directors of the1 International- Milk Products Co. have decided to close permanently the Standish branch and have-directed their local manager, C. E. Lo-nsberry, to stop buy- ing milk after Jan. 15. The local plant will be dismantled and moved to Bad Axe where the company” al-" ready has a large factory. Mr. LcnsJ- berry will be transferied to Bad Axe. 7 It will take four tosix weeks tedio- mantle the local factory after opera- tions cease. Efforts will be made to induce another condensary to locate here. New County Agent in Antrim A Committee composed of Supervis- ors Frank Shepherd, of Star, Frank) Les‘her, of Mancelona, and William Chapman, or Custer township, has on- gaged the services of L. L. Drake, of Traverse City, as county farm agent to succeed W. C. ‘Cribbs, resigned. Drake has been in charge of the state asylum farm at Traverse City for several years. Canadians Invent Flax Machine A demonstration of a new flax seeding machine, the invention of Messrs. F. W‘. and F. L. Van Allen, drew an interested crowd of specta- tors to the John East Iron Works, Seskaton, Canada. The machine, which hasbeen designed for the com- mercial more than the agricultural end of the flax industry, was operat- ed and explained. In the opinion of a number of ex- perts who were present at the dem- onstration, it has successfully over- come the one great drawback of pre- uvice-presidentvr Orville Lindsay; . retary,-treasurer Carl Eisen; V of board of directors, Carl Greenberg.‘_ Grand Traverse ' vious flax deseoding machinery, in- asmuch as 1118 fiber passing through, :tho meohiho is not broken up- and , 300nm; out with all the heads thrash-r ' It It“ , been built for the 1111611 trade and ed and the stalks straight. when taken into. uso by the manufac- turer will do. aWay entirely with hand ' threshing, which 'ioathe means of. do- seeding flax at present. By the use Of this machine the la- bor of six to eight hand threshelo is acConiplished in the some time . China. (Jo-operative Association The Annual Meeting of the China C-o operative Association, which Was was held at the .Gleaner Hall in’ China. township showed that a. large; volume , of business had been done. during the ' past year and that the saving which the organization brought about has led to a steady increase in member- ship. County Agent Brody—was pres- ent and suggestedua few-changes in the by IaWs With a view to extending the usefulness of the association. All of the old officers were re- elected as follows. P1esident,F1ed Allington; see- member Shelby Market to Expand .. Shelby’s marketing facilities are to be considerably increased during the coming season by the addition of two large warehouses. Hardin Near is'sto build one for his seed potato business on the site of the old baske't'factory warehouse. This will "gi’Ve Mr. Near 100x50 ' an L-Shaped building about feet which is to be of frost-proof con- struction with capacity of many cars 0f potatoes. Mr. Near has developed a - potato similar to the PetdSkey or rus- set rural which is yielding from 175 to 300 buslhels an acre. The Shelby-New Era Co—operative Association is to build a large ware- house on property purchased from C. E. Butterfield, fronting on Second St. and extending along the railroad sid- ing north. Although this is an infant organization its success in co—opera- tive marketing during the last year requires this outlay to‘expedite its business. 'lhis association handles nearly ev- » ery product of the farm. Shipments of peaches, apples, potatoes, stock and other farm products having been made this year in carload lots and sold. in connection with a central as- sociation located at Cadillac. that it still lives. all the time. American Farmer." ‘ of thousands of such farmer given In an abiding mt Constructive Criticism by a Genesee County Farmer , Lennon, Mich" Jan. 14th,1920. To the Editor: Despite the fact that Secretary Bingham of the Michigan State Farm Bureau came within the narrowest margin of tak- ing all the “kick" out of that organization in this state when he an- nounced that the Bureau must keep out of politics, I am glad to see I think the farmers are fully aware that all that is necessary to keep up the intolerable conditions under which the farm- er’ s are living is “to keep out of politics." county in large numbers have Joined the Farm Bureau. organization myself and I am ready to boost for it just as bag as I am certain that it is working for the interests of the farmers, first, last and The fact that farmers have signed up as members of this organization, which as yet seems to have no definite policy or platform, is conclusive proof that the farmers of Michigan have at last firmly resolved that they are going to work with might and main as one man to throw of! the yoke which has throttled them so long and which well nigh threatens the very extinction of the American farmer. who may be suspicious that the Bureau is the work of a master mind who has conceived a great scheme for the painless extraction of the" farmers' teeth. I Will say that their fears are entirely unfounded.- r Judging from the calibre of the men who have joined the Bureau in the counties which'have beén canvassed there is no danger of the Bu- rau going wrong. The executive officers of the Bureau will be put to , the test and if they have formed any entangling alliances they will be relegated to places where they belongr of the Bureau “Cost of Production Plus a Reasonable Profit for the The attitude which MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMING has taken ' toward the Farm Bureau is most admirable and you have: cleared the atmosphere in a clean cut and forceful manner. Keep up the good work. Peter Lennon is both a good lawyer: and a good farmer; her of the last legislature 8:141:11!ng I violinist” . warehouse amendment from” being lion-pooped by‘ itgo 9, any question where Peter Lennonnocandol; on “hangout! . L0”? The farmers of Genesee I joined the To any I would like to see the slogan Yours truly, : «35V. * PETER B. LENNON. “new :no wanna mom; ~ -' . _ 1 - ing. “Wham 12111011: to T ., SOUGHT BY PICKLE GR9WERE, ' , , Pickle producers of Fruitport and ‘ " .adioining townships have organized and economic interests. . Much enthusiasm is being shoWn by the members, and the movement is spreading rapidly. The members expect to derive great benefit from the organization; and point to the advantage of similar or- ganizations in other parts of 611119 state. ' Where such organizations are‘being organized we will be glad to render all assistance possible, and any com- munication directed “Secretary of the Association” will be given prompt at- tention. President:,A. Berson, Fruitport, R1 Sec’y:-Treas. G. L. Colburn, Fruit- port, R 1. Following is an item of cost account‘ based on careful estimates and rec- ords kept on last year’s crop. The fig: ,ures‘ plainly show that the present .pricecf $2.50 per cwt. will not cover cost .of production. Coot ofthe‘care and the delivery of V the piékles from one acre of ground: Rentofground, . $ 10. Plowing ground, 5. Fitting, drag and disc, 7. Manure spread(16 loads at $3), 48. Man‘ure inghills (6 lds at $3) . 18. One day. spreading with team , 6. One day ,manurin-g hills, team 6. Planting pickles (2 day’s labor) 4. ,Onoday cultivating (for season) 6. Thinning and hoeing (4 days) 16. 3.6 days picking at $4, ' 144. VDeliverin-g pickles, 36 trips at $1, 36. Total cost of production, $306. Average yield, 1st grade, 150 bu at $1. 25, $187. 5 Average yield, 2nd grade, 50 bu., at $ .40, 20. Total receipts, $207.5 Total post, $306. Total receipts, 207.5 $99.50 actual loss by following reasonable wage and a fair price for the manure. St. Joseph Co-Op. Men Meet The Three Rivers Co-operative As- sociation held its annual meeting re- cently and unanimously voted to branch out into other lines or busi~ ness directly related to. the business of the farmer. Plans for this will be completed at a later meeting. Since the organization was perfect- ed a year ago the association has shipped 2,351 hogs, 762 sheep, 250 calves and 231 cattle—41 carloads valued. at over $100,000. James P. Rogers, manager of the Bangor Co-operative store, gave an address on- the workings of their or- ganzation and benefits to the -com- munity as well as to the farmer. He emphasized the point that the busi- ness which went to mail order houses largely would be diverted to the co-op- erative store. He stated that the Ban- gor store is paying members of the association 2 per cent dividends. Million Dollar Farn1ers' Organization _ A meeting of the stockholders of T~ the Gleaner Clearing House Associ- T ation will be held early in February at which time the capital stock will be increased to one million dollars. We believe this will give Michigan the largest co-operative enterprise in the United States. 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' And its cer- It is Auto Tour Game FREE! coupon will bring you FREE the fascinating En-ar-co Auto Tour Game, in which autos compete in a cross country race (not a'road nap). Two, three or Just the game " for those cold winter evenings. This Great Game _4_l «'1' 3:, . and packing. tree. pins palm: and ' marked. h I use ..... gals. Motor 011 per year I use ...... gals. Kerosene per year I use ...... gals. Tractor Oll ptr year § THE NATIONAL . REFINING COMPANY, 2009 Rose Bldg” ' ’1 Cleveland, Ohio Send me your En- ar-co Auto Game Enclosed .flnd two-cent stamp to partially cover postage :1 Also give nearest shlp- quote prices on the items I have Al " State I ’I I Own (Make of Automobile or Tract .0 (Be sure to glve make or auto or ”£32,, or 0 .game wlll not be sent) ’I M:tutorgchblle. am at present uslnz or . wlono En-ar-co Motor 611. '. O O Postofllce ................................ County............'... ' I will be in the market tor more 01] again 0 about... ................... and you may quote me 011.....-_....... :s .f‘ , . _ By Octav Author of “The Man 'of the Hour,” “The Lion’s Share”, etc. (Copyright, Bobbsterrul Co.) é Thanet (Continued from last week) room was young, slight of fig- ure and“ limped. Nevertheless there was nothing of dejection in his bearing or his face. He was freckled to a degree, smooth-shaven and his teeth were beautiful. He had fine eyes also, a deep blue, flashing like steel as they moved from one object to another. The eyes were keen, alert, and determin- ed; but being set rather wide apart under his light brows, they gave the face a candid. almost artless, look, and when he smiled the deep dimple in his cheek made it as merry as a child’s. _. “ “Good evening, gentlemen," said he cheerfully. No one responded. T HE MAN who came out of the , Robbins made a gurgle in his throat. which the newcomer generously ac- cepted for salutation, promptly ap— proaching the fire at R-obbins’ e1— bow. “Cold weather,” said he. Two or three of the company lifted their heads and eyed the speaker. Rob- bins wondered were they as keen- ly conscious as he of the young fel— low's trimly fitted clothes, what godd quality that rough plaided brown stuff was, how dainty was his linen. He looked at the home peo- ple’s ragged coats, he thought of the poverty that he knew, and the re— flection of a sneer was on his own lips, and, somehow, a lump in his throat. / “Too Cold weather for folks to travel unless they’re wanted bad!” said the gray-haired man on the edge of the company. There was a thrill of some strong feeling in his deep voice. “It does seem that way,” agreed the young man with undiminished vivacity. “I am glad to get to a shelter. “Here, Johnny,” said the young man, “run up to twenty—five and fetch me the bag there. the black one. If we are to drink to our bus— iness, I want you all to join. You are all interested, I take it?” The boy whom he had addressed, the landlord’s son, a lad of twelve, had been busy staring at the strang- er ever since he entered the room. He ran away, but as he ran could not restrain himself from flinging one or two glances back over his shoulder. Not seeming to recognize any chill in his reception, the young stranger approached the stove. No one moved to admit him to the in— ner circle; this, also, he did not seem to observe. “This whole country looks as if you had been having hard times.” he continued. His voice had ~ full, rich, magnetic tones, but its un- familiar intonations jarred on his hearersythey knew them to belong to the east, and they hated the east. “It’s pretty sad to ride through miles and miles of farming country and see the burned fence posts that caught fire from the cinders just ly— ing where they fell, and the smoke not coming out of one farm house ‘chimnev in six. It looks as if the farmers out this way had simply giv- en up the fight." , ' “Youive hit it." said the mild-eyed man; “they have. Some of them have moved away and some of them - have killed themselves, after they've lost their stock on chattel mortgag— es and lost their land to the im- provement company. There ought to be lots of ghosts on these aband- oned farms and in those homes where the fences are down. This country is full of ghosts. We ain’t much better than ghosts ourselves.” "It was the three” dry years, I suppose.” ‘ . . “That and the mortgage sharks and the Shylocks from the east," old Captain Sparks interrupted in a venomous tone; “what pickings the drought left they got.” “Pretty tough!” said the strang- er, declining the combat again. “There’s one man I want to meet here; his name is Russell—Doctor Russell.” The mild-eyed man explained that his name was Russell; the other men looked puzzled and suspicious. “What’s his little game?” whisper- ed the captain. “It won’t go, what- ever it is,” said-the man next him, Robbins heard question and answer distinctly; but the young fellow near him did not wince. “Are you the one that wrote to Fairport, Doctor Rus-' sell? I guess you must be.” "Yes, I wrote to Fairport.” Russell. “Well, I hope you liked the barrel we sent, and the boxes. They were going to send them to another place, but your letter decided us. That’s my church, you know, which sent them. And, for that matter .it was your letter first turned my father’s attention to investing in your part of the country. Oh, tell me, where did that tea go? My mother" would send her best L'ondon mixture—" “Was it your mother?” Robbins spoke. With a red face and a flash of his eyes at the sullen group about him, he withdrew his chair, making a clear passage to the stove. “I’d like to thank her then, and her son for her; that tea and that quince jam—whose was the quince jam?" “I rather think my mother put that in, too.” “Well, it almost cured my wife; it was better than medicine, that and the tea, for, not to mention that we couldn't get any medicine, it put heart into her as medicine couldn’t.” I wonder was it your mother, or who was it put in that volume of college songs? I got that. You wouldn’t think it, but I'm a university man—— Harvard—” The young fellow caught his hand and gripped it hard. “Harvard? So am I—Martin Wallace, ’92.” “My name is George Robbins, and I’m a good deal farther back; and, as you can see, I’m down on my luck. But there’s no need going into my hard-luck story; it’s like a lot -of our stories here. You see where we are—hardly shoes to our feet; not because we have :been shiftless or idle, or have wronged anybody; yet the cutthroats and thieves in the penitentiary have had better f-are said .‘Z TIMI-3g! omuuew, . if {Sr/T , 3%. s ‘- “he ' harmless: melt. . on there’s Doc Edam—#7 . « “I am,” draivled Russell; good it’s donem'e; but I won h’onors , at the. University of Iowa.” ,"‘I didn’t win any. honors, but I went to the state university—was graduated there before I went, to Harvard. But—you aren’t Teddy Russell, Teddy p—Russell of the Glee club and the football eleven?” “Yes, I am Teddy Russell.” "E. D. Russell, 'of course; why didn’t I guess? You were there two years before me, but I daresay that you won a, touchdown with a broken rib on you, and the time all the rest of the Glee club missed the train at Fairport, going to_ Lone Tree, and you went on‘ with the banjoes and were the whole thing for three- ‘quarters of an hour ! Well, I’m glad to meet, you, Doctor! Let us have a good song or two togeth‘er'after business.” , Russell unconsciously felt for the cravat which was not round his .soil-‘v ed and frayed collar; he buttoned his wreck of a frock coat. “Yes, We will," he began, but his voice stuck in his throat as the captain’s rough grasp gripped his arm. “I guess not,” said the‘captain; “business first, young feller l” Russell shook oi! the hand m t- tering something too low for Rob- bins’ ear; but Robbins sidled nearer to him, so near that he was able to exchange a single ’glance and to see “Russell’s lips form the . words, “Watch Orr !” They understood each other. “Weren’t you from Ann Arbor yourself, Captain?” said Robbins, grabbing at any straw of peace. “I’ve been too poor ever since the war to remember whether I ever had a college eduCation or not,” retorted the captain with a sneer.’ “I. belong to the people now! their cause is my cause. -Where do you belong? We've tended your folks when you were sick, and helped you lay, by your crops, and driven the mortgage sharks off your stuff. Say, what are you doing now? Are you monkeying around to turn traitor or coward or what’s the matter?” . ' “We’re all right, Captain,” an? swered Russell, the western burr on his tongue as soft and leisurely as ever. and no hint of excitement in his manner; “but I see no harm in letting Mr. Wallace answer our ques— tions before we fly off the handle.” So saying ,before the captain realiz- ed his purpose he edged through the crowd to Wallace’s side. Robbins followed him; and the eyes of all the others turned to the three menacing and eager. _ “All I ask is to answer questions and to make my proposition to you,” said Wallace, his ,fearless young eyes .running around the circle. “If you don’t like it you can refuse and send me home—to make other firrange- ments." “No, we ain’t going to send you home,” said Orr. It was the first time that he had spoken. Wallace flashed a keen glance at him and spoke his'next words directly to him. “But I’m sure you won’t want to do it. You see. I’m your last chance» and you have to‘examine it.” They had not expected such an answer. A little vibration ran like a wave over the gaunt, ferociously attentive faces. Wallace’s eyes were fixed on Orr’sface, which did not change. Orr’s hand was in the breast of his ragged waistcoat. “You peoole have certainly had , ' ' ' “.39.;2‘15 . .vrmm —_ his“ ‘6'?ch 1 “:03 . ,, Nuance BIDS oonwnuvw BYE ‘6 ’ ‘ 5 AT \ \\ \ ‘1’ *‘ ,‘l I FY00 Q awe «vs 9°“ Wm“ co Anmve \ , 5 ~ .—— PETER " a 3. , Busvwcce - _ W'FE GOOD'BVE. g . ' ‘ ~‘; .I —AND as He _ .7 AND LEAVES FOR FIGURE: Hf. ‘\ ;; 3% \ euewiLLE ween-e. ~ 1 , ,wu. f‘so‘ou \ee : / , Q HE EXPECT: To :_ RIC. PH"; DECIDE; 1 H l ///n l i t \ \ \'\\ MARE Has FORTUNE / To’ Puma l, s ‘ B \‘ \‘If/ I ’ .. TA‘K' ! \ / mm ".RIAMI 'W‘ __ pm '§ \ -. . tN . - "nu. :s'Nor GOLD G 1- , e-f // ru. THAT current" u 03:; 4 “3103235, “9",“ . ow {H660 ..\ . Te WPART 1 w "“32 805 J - n- wm. easy You _ Room 00K . \ M. ‘ , ' __.. a .._ 532m“ F0 ‘e ' 250 “<5 “WEE" To mnAM— ... , .. ”“06”“; '3" l “” “we" 3‘ f5 acres ammo . i .. - ‘ ~ , ‘61» a NtcE . I ' ' tMICHIGANs , , 1 f/ a a 5?. we Businessfisamm ‘ l «is . _ -, noon AT 0 I ‘ 7 . . . "’"+"' ’ ~ ~ - . ow Hen-e . .. , Dummonmvoou. - ’ \ ‘ "a ‘ _‘ t. : 4. '0: .:~ . \r 7, » ' a 2’ » - ~ . 0mm. __ vi"; “much ‘ ‘ fellows need. down here , —-—I'm glad he didn't. .53: v “ ji‘ iii-Wu seam 3 ~ _,',“'Phis7 country is all’iitighit‘ when there’s [a g’ood‘yean "but the“ good" What you? years come so seldom! . not free, silver- but free" water. -, th plenty. of water youf'can raise big “crops; and down in the valley there is not ~_ , the danger; «if we dig ditches, of the river running dry; we can get—” “And Who’ll pay for irrig'a‘tionZ", “ 'a voice demanded. Wallace did not shift his gaze to the ‘speak‘emv (he talked to- Orr as if Orr were the only” man in the room: "We expect to- furnish the money.” “And what will happen on the ’ ditches are digged?” . ”There’s alfalfa to be raised on all these abandoned fields.” “And what’s to, become of us?" said Orr. "I can :see where you folks can git a bolt and come out even; but what’s going to become of us? Are we to move off the earth and letyou stay here?” - ‘ . Every one listened for Wallace's answer. Even the boy in the door- way, returning with Wallace's bag stood half Scared at the foot of the stairs not daring to go forward. “Why not stay and take pot luck with us?” said Wallace cooly. “We bought the mortgages cheap, and we’ll sell them cheap. We’ll sell wa- ter rights» cheap also. And you will make batterrcolonists than any we could import—cheaper, too. It’s for our interests as Well as yours to make a deal with—you and to make one that will be satisfactory. Orr's hand dropped to his side, he shuffled to his feet, his eyes turned from Wallace to seek the captain. “I hadn’t figured it out you was go- ing to make any such proposition,” said the captain. “Perhaps you thought weintend— ed to chuck you all out in the cold and hog everything. We are neither such pigs nor such fools”. You fol- lows can help us more than anybody else. Here is Johnny. Now let’s come to business. “All you folks here need is hope,” said the cheerful young Iowan; “you have plenty of pluck and plenty of sense and oodles of experience; and we stand ready to put in the capi- tal. What} do you say; does it go?” After an hour of talk over the maps, he repeated the question, and the captain himself led the chorus,, “It goes; We’ll stand by you." The blizzard had not come, and ‘the moon.,was shining when George Robbins and Wesley Orr drove home from town. VA basket was carefully held on Orr’s knees. Robbins was carolingthe chorus to “Johnny Har- ‘ vard” and wishing a health to him and his true love at the top of a hoarse and husky voice. Orr looked solemnly ahead into the little wav— ering disk of radiance that their lantern cast. Once he shivered vio- lently, but he was not cold. Sud- denly he spoke. There was a quiv- er in his face and his voice, but all he said was, “Say. he was dead right. We was so desperate we was crazy. Hope, that was what we needed, and he give it to. us; but how some fel— lers would have messed that job, getting round to that same proposal we all wanted to hug him for! 0 And I'm mighty glad we didn’t git a chance to do what we set out to do. He was slick. Say, "what is itthe-y' call them newer paper boys? Spellbinders? That's him—a first class. A number one, spellbinder." . . ' F‘” swezseengs WWI“ u-v-ew—s—wr‘i Arne-rs— 6 than ever before in history. . sure the future of all business is un- isslvatién of 05.16: the live stock industry and, in feet, tor all agriculture, be- , tore us. More uncertain, perhaps, To be certe!n. The whole business world is trying to solve the problem as to its status when the after-the-war normal conditions have been feund. Some are talking about getting back to pro-war conditions as though that. ~ is the condition desired or believing that pro-war conditions must of necessity eventually come back, sooner or later. But. my friends, pro-war business conditions never will come back. The ,whole American business world in- cluding agriculture, at least has gone a step or it may be several steps for- ward and Arnerice never turns back. The idea of newer retreating is what brought Germany to herknees much sooner than ‘most of us" expected. The boys in khaki’refused to obey‘the French- commander in the second battle of the Marne» when “fall, back” was ordered. “We neirer re- " treat" was a new slogan in the world war and it inspired-not only our own army-but the armies of the Allies as well and, more, it inspired the people ,back home, the people” of France and Great Britain and of Italy, with the "result of the forward drive'all sleng‘ the.front, which never stopped, never faltered, until proud, arrogant, con- ceited Germany begged for peace. Important advancement has come to agriculture by means of the world war. A great, just, business prin-J ciple has been applied to agriculture and now it is up to the farmer to see that there is no “falling*back”—-—_ no "retreating" no return to pro-war conditions, so far‘at least as agri- culture is concerned. Agriculture will intrench and fortify on this ad- vantage grOund. Trenches are al- ready being duga and fortified and some are now ding, that will resist all encroachments to force agricul- ture- back to pro-war conditions. The farmer does not want low prices for food products. The farmer does not want low prices for food products, even if prices of everything should go: down with food products. The farmer sells more of human neces- sities than he buys and if he pros- pers, he must get more for the thing he sells than he has to pay for the things he buys. The Forward Step in Agriculture Whoever heard, before the war, of the commercial, World, or the con- - suming public or the government it- seli advancing the idea, or even ad- mitting it that the farmer is entitled to “cost of production” plus a profit. When the time came that the world needed the farmer as much or more than it did the soldier, then economic justice was advocated. But it was advocated then rather to prevent ex- cessive profits than to establish eco- nomic justice. The price of wheat, was fixed at $2.20 per bushel, figur- ing on a cost and profit basis, not to ‘guarantee the farmer what justice entitled him from loss, as in other business, but to prevent him from making too much profit. The same can be said‘of the attempt to fix the price of other food products. However, the farmer rejoices rath- ' er than complains of this treatment, because it establishes an economic , principle applying to agriculture as well as to other business. I have . said before that when the President . of the United States appointed that ‘ committee representing all classes oir , citizens to fix a price for Wheat has» ed on the principle of cost and profit that the world war would prove the American agriculture. The great court of public opinion, the consuming public, does not and will not object to paying the farmer 'a decent profit obeys cost for the food products which they must nec- essarily consume. The consumer will _ _ ot‘stand for profiteering but he will willingly per a hut profit. amid m, with an uncertain. or hogs one year and .. makes the next year. to a very close‘approximatien, at " least, the net cost of production. This is no simple matter in agricul- ture. The business is very compli- cated and very uncertain. One man may make a splendid. profit in fat- tening a bunch of steers, or lambs, One man may grow 300 bushels of potatoes one year at a magnificent profit and with the same effort lose money the next year. One community may make It good profit and another commun— ity a few miles away, farm at a loss. One" state has favorable conditions .one year while another has bad. It ‘can be stated in general as a broad fact that to have a prosperous agri- culture, conditions which will en- able the famner to live fittingly and maintain at the same time the pro- ductive power of his land, in other words, to do his best in supplying a full ration to the people of the world, now and in time to come, the average farmer, under average con- ditions, for a period of years must make a profit. It will not do to take exceptional individual yields, like those we read about in the city pa- pers where a man pays for his farm from one crop of potatoes, or one crop of clever seed, or one crop of less all he ' ' county cost of sugar beets, etc. Neither would it be fair or just to fix the cost of pro- Wducing milk from, the records of an exceptional cow or herd, even. On the other hand, it would not be fair to the consumer to determine cost on poor crops or on crop failures. Consequently, the cost of production for all agricultural products must be an average cost under average conditions for a series of years. What agriculture needs and must have as a business organization of the farmers of every county in every state in the union whose duty is, un- der expert supervision, to determine the cost for each county. But the ’county cost is not suilicicnt. The each county in the state must be averaged to get the average cost for the state. And this is not enough. The cost of each and every state must be averaged as a whole to determine to a close ap- proximation the cost of producing a given agricultural product for a given year for the nation. Then af- ter we have the data for a series of years, a national cost can be deter- mined that will be beyond dispute. Over-production What can be done with a. surplus? The-skeptic will say that one year of Lt Lansing Takes : up Basic Problems of Agriculture overproduction will smash the whole business. Not so. Products must be held on farms and in local and terminal elevators and storage and placed on the market only as the consumers will pay a just price. An excess can be held or transferred into other channels and future pro- duction limited on this product to meet the needs only of the market. But the farmer must be as just to the consumer as he asks the consum- ' er to be to him. No_food product in time of scarcity should be held for excessive pofits. It must be sold for a fair and just price. A policy of this sort would do away largely, if not entirely with speculation in food products after they leave the farm- er’s hands, because prices would vary but little from year to year. My friends, the county, state and national farm bureaus now organiz- ing, can and will accomplish all this. We have an example of what can be done in a local way in carrying out this principle, in the Michigan Milk Producers’ Association. They inter- ested our experiment station in their cause and determined by every pains- taking labor and investigation the cost of producing market milk. The Milk Commission came into being (Continued on page 27) . ,_.._.g»..t../.L.‘- ‘ .. "w tractors not only in Link...” u , is the Titan 10-20. El ' In five years’ time PF ’ l ‘HE 1920 “Ten-Twenty” that is. going to outdistancc all other nation-wide popular demand, but also in general satisfaction tothe farmer, Au 1.4.»... _ .fiit.........-. V—. v . 77 Practical Tractor Facts ..m emu. ,rv.a~~—...u. . .. .. ,. .rww 7“?me the matter 'of \lmUTPWNI-l a great many Titan 1 0-20 Features Wide friction-clutch pulley Economy throttle governor Adjustable drawbar Safety fenders Comfort platform SixteenLtool set Free starting-instruction service *3! Agricultural i n thousands of Titan tractors have been manufactured at the great Milwaukee Works, the home of the Titan. Practically every one of these trac- tors is in use today. They are serv- ing not only the farmers of America, but also thousands in Europe, re- building the‘ dormant war-torn acres that are hungry for crops. With so great a number of Titan 10—20’s in active use— setting so many good examples to farmers in need of right powerL—it has been necessary to enlarge the manufac- turing facilities to meet the rapidly developing demand for this most {N ( l. \ popular of popular tractors. The scene at the tractor plants is one of night-and-day activity, with 5,000 men on the job. It is probable that, by the time this notice appears, pro- ducing volume will have been in— creased sufficiently to enable you to get a Titan 10-20 for early spring delivery if your order is placed at once. There has been no increase in price. Titan 10-20 is available for you at the 1920 price fixed last July —$1, 000 cash, f. o. b. factory. See your International dealer. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY m0 0" “ERICA "to. USA Only Independent Farm Weekly Owned. and Edited ln‘ Mlohlg‘sn‘l SATURDAYHJANUARY, 24.. 1930 .. ”2;. Published every Saturday by the RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc. GRANT SLOCUlll/f‘t. Clemens. Michigan . . . .President and Contributing Editor FORREST LOR ........... Vice-President and Editor GEO. M. SLOCUM. .Secretary-Treasurer and Publisher ASSOCMTES Frank R. Schalck ........ .Assistant Business Manager Verne E. Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Managing Editor C. W, Freudenthal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Circulation Manager Frank M. Weber . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..P1ant Superintendent M. D. Lamb ............. . . . . . . ........... .Auditor Mllon Grinnell ....................... Art Department Mabel Clare Ladd . . .Women' s and Children’ s- Dep' t. William E. Brown ................. Legal Department ONE YEAR, 52 ISSUES, ONE DOLLAR ‘ Three Years, 156 Issues .............. . . . . . . . . 32- 00 Five Years, 260 Issues ........ - ......... . ........ 83. 00 Advertising Rates: Forty- five cents per agate line. 1‘ lines to the column inch 764 lines to page Live Stock and Auction Sale Advertising: We offer special low rates to reputable breeders of live stock and poultry: write us for them. OUR GUARANTEED ADVERTISERS We respectfully ask our readers to fav- or our advertisers when possible. Their catalogs and prices are cheerfully sent free, and we guarantee you against loss providing you say when writing or order- ing from them, “I saw your ad. in my Michigan Business Farming.” Entered as second-class matter, at Mt. Clemens, Mich. John Dodge ROM—a blacksmith to a multi-millionaire maker of internationally known motor cars in scarcely more than a dozen years—such in few words is the history of John F. Dodge, De- troit manufacturer, who died last week of pneumonia. There is at least one great lesson to be learn- ed from the life of John Dodge, and another from his death. The first is that opportunity beckOns to the poor and obscure as well as to the rich. The rise of John Dodge from the forge to the head of a great manufacturing concern operating many forges and employing thousands of men is the most eloquent testi- mony that can be had in rebuttal of the old argument that opportunity no longer exists for the poor man under our “capitalistic sys- tem.” And John Dodge’s success is not the most conspicuous of the successes attained by men who were once poor. Thousands of oth- ers as poorly equipped as Mr. Dodge have made fully as great names for themselves 1n the fields of manufacture, science, invention, medicine, etc. The great will continue to rise from the ranks of the lowly in spite of all seeming ob- stacles before them. ' Another lesson to reflect upon has been the subject of moralizing for centuries past, name- ly, that riches avail nothing when death comes. John Dodge had spent the better part of his life attaining riches, though it was perhaps as much a desire to create something useful for other people as Well as a competence for him- self, that he toiled. But he was approaching a period in his life when he desired to enjoy his vast wealth, and last summer he began the erection of a $2,000,000 residence on the lake shore road between <- Mount Clemens and De- troit. This was intended to be one of the most palatial homes in the United States, and fas- cinating stories are told of the rare stones and wood that had been imported to be used in the construction of the house. All summer long, a battery of pile drivers and dredges, a score of teams and a small army’of men were busy as bees filling in a large area of Lake St. Clair directly in front of the-- mansion site. Accord- ing to rumor this miniature peninsula was to be set with rare shrubs and trees and threaded by canals in which the canoes and yachts of the Dodge guests could find a resting place. Withal, the Dodge mansion and grounds were to be the last word, in luxury and beauty. And even as the humblest views with eager expecta-' tion the putting together of his lowly cabin, We' . may suppuse that John Dodge lookedfigmk 7 forward to the day when he and his M17. . 1' ' that Ir‘w L , John Dofige canted 1:25“ his last resting p when life seemed most full and secure. ' ’ “My parks, my Wafks, my. manors that I had.- Even now forsake me: and, of all my land's Is nothing left me but niy body‘ 5 length i Whthhait is pomp, rule, ”reign, but earth and ust And, live we how we'can, yet, file We mus .” ‘wi is e at e a The Real Danger ET US not be like the-man, who shrinking away from an imaginary enemy, backed over the edge of a precipice and lost his life. A warning has been sounded against B01? shevism. Irresponsible zealots whom we have hospitably welComed into our house have ’been preaching a doctrine that is as loathsome to the average citizen as the doctrine of divine right. less. But their ant-hill has been made to ap- pear a mountain, and every time you pick up a newspaper or attend a lecture on“Bol_shevism” or “Americanism, ” you are made to feel the- shadow of the mountain encompassing you. Every reactionary force in the country has armed itself to fight this shadow. Sundry its shadow looms ever nearer and more menac- ingly. Those who have no cause to fear Bol- shevism are unmindful of its shadow. When man throws down the gauntlet to an unseen foe, he commits himself to a losing bat- tle. Have you not seen a man strike at a bid- den snake‘l No sooner does he deliver the blow than he quickly steps backward impelled by the sudden notion that the reptile may be under his very feet. That _is the way this country is fighting this imaginary evil of B01- shevism. Every blow that is struck is the sig- nal for a step backward. So we have been strik— ing and backing until we are dangerously near the edge of the precipice. What causes social revolution anyway? Surely not the preachings of anarchists and Bolshevists! You cannot convince a great race of people that they are being subjected to wrongs if those wrongs do not actually exist. The most fruitful causes of revolution are op- pression, high taxes, extravagance of govern- ment, monopolization, low wages and hard working conditions. The existence of any one of these conditions in a government of free people provides fertile ground for social rev- olution. But the disciples of reaction are so busy fighting the preachers of Bolshevists that they haven’t the time to give any attention to the audience. In this fact lies the greater dan- ger to our Republic. tit!!! Your Neighbor and You HE OLD saying that “there is so much good in the worst of us and so much had in the best of us that it hardly behooves any of us to speak ill, of the rest of us” could prob- ably well be applied to your neighbor and you. You don’t always speak Well of your neighbor and you are morally certain that he seldom speaks well of you. Yet to all appearances you are the best of friends... Oh, the hypocrisy that friends practice! A hearty hand- shake when face to face, but un- kind remarks when the back is turned. A friendly “how-dy-do” when you meet on the street; ’ but a slur or uncomplimentary comment when you discuss each other in talking with others. Sometimes it doesn’t take very much to turn friends against each other. Opposite vieWs on polities] or religious matters, perhaps a trade, or a controversy over township affairs, and the trick 18 dune. Take a dislike to a per- son and you can easily make ymirself believe ,0 that there is nothing good about him. Every- thing he does~ Will stones a suspicion in your * mind that there is something wrong about it. . "1t and see fill‘ yoorself ' They are like a lot of ants in ‘aforest of » animals, annoying: but otherwise quite harms“, "figs-wt ‘dwéll only upon the good traits of others. Tiy /. ,’ (use: Necessity is the Motherdof Invention nonssnv is not only the mother of ing. vention. She is also the mother of or-fl . ganization and co—operation. Necessity gave birth to the potato growers’ association; drew the farmers of North Dakota into a non- ' partisan league; she conceived the idea of a‘ great national farmers’ organization and with much travail is now delivering into the hands of the farmers a child which, if not altogether perfect, gives promise of great things. The foundatlon of all successful farmer Organize: "Was built upon necessity, and the bonds of necessity have held them together. ‘ Ninety-nine per cent of the success of an or— 'ganization depends upon the need that exists for such an organization. Necessity overlooks defects in organizations and their leaders and will accompany them almost to the verge of blows have been struck, and have fallen wide <~"'destruction- to save the germ and rebuild the of their mark. To those whofear .Bolshevism, '— structure 011 the other hand, the most pow- 'erful OrganiZations Willmllapse if a real, vital . , need does not exist for their continued exist- ence. An organizatismis dike a man in this it must hawe something to do; some work to accomplish; some mission to perform to keep it trim and healthy and always in the running. Farmers who would organize should keep this ‘thought eVer in mind. Make sure there is need and room for your organization, and nothing can kill it. ' ‘1’". The Passing of an Old Enemy OHN BARLEYCORN' has gone quietly to ' his grave. The federal prohibition amend- ment went into effect at midnight, Jan. 16th, and today the United States is theoretically dry. There was a time when this strange fellow drew millions to his side” .He was the aristo- crat of the card table, the dining table and the conference table. Men thought they‘could not conduct a minor business transaction or affairs of state without calling him into counsel and - listening to his advice. But for the betterpart of a decade he has been slipping from grace. Men learned that his congenial presence was but the exterior of a cold heart that knew not the meaning of friendship, charity or love. They discovered that society had been enter-’ taining a guest whose smiles concealed poison fangs which at unsuspecting moments would fasten themselves into those who sought his companionship. So they have put him away, and there is small regret at his passing. O t . C fl ' Jessim'vieWQ-of the fact: that the majority of our ‘ farm organizations have recommended legisla- ' tion to curb the monopolistic tendencies of the packers. we rise to inquire why a representa- tive of the packing trust was invited to there- cent live stock breeders’ meeting at _our farm- ers’ college to speakm such legislation. Or, if 1n the name of truth it was advisable to heanthe packers’ side, why also 1n the name of, truth, was not a speaker invited to present the 3 public’ s side? Please don’t all answer at once. ' W # 1. i t . The cards are all stacked for the next elec- tion. Will the farmers sit back as usual and take what is oEered them or Will they demand, ' anew _deal'l -' ' ;, 'O‘... DWmtaxes are always with us. Since the ‘cost of funerals has gone up, it’ s a ques—j tion which we prefer she, ’2 Fife Lza-‘ ads or- ists oks 1nd of the 1w- let. his me rm the aid are on, ad- .111, My ow sto- the not :nd art .ce. vas not ve. er-’ ion 11d his 3371 1111' :la- ital f teed D _ etting it 7‘3 Futures of man are rmade over," which recalls that old airing of the l'iq-udr interests, "God never made men godd enough to form a nation of tee-totallers.” , ‘The cussednesg of human nature is no valid argument against any re- form. It is just what makes reforms necessary. Without it we would need nn’government or laws. The mission of Christianity is to fight human cuss- edness. When Jesus healed leprosy and. cast out devils he promised that after he was gone his disciples should do “greater works than these." , To cast out the booze- devil from a nation is surely a greater work than bounc- ing an ordinary brimstone imp from a. single citizen. Had the professed ' Christians of this country really be- lieved the teachings of the Christ, both slavery and booze would handle— appeared many years soOner. with far less trouble and expense. Let us not make the same old blunder agaih. It is. Well ,to be sure we are right before going ahead but in the name of Christ whatever ought to be dens can be done. —-Stacy Broum, La‘ke Odessa, Mich.;« . . The struggle for the dollar is the strug- gle for existence which is the first law of n.ature What is enough for one man is insufficient for another, and more than a third man needs Men have different no- tions of values. Some people are accus- tamed to a higher plane of living than others. _ .Their wants are not easily met. That is one reason why, as we pointed out in these columns few weeks a 0, there is so great a difference between to financial conditions of families living in the same surroundings and having the same income. Your problem of a“industri-- al justice” is not unsolvable, by - any means, and though you may not ever be able to bring about perfect justice where every indivi uai receives the portion to which he seems to be entitled, that is " certainly no reason for not making the attempt. Great strides can be taken in this direction, it is sure—Editor. WANTS STATE LAND CLEARING ACT I am addressing this communica- tion to the MICHIGAN Business FARM- ING, with flhepne idea of catching the eyes of the next governor of the State of Michigan 'as I do not doubt but that the fifty-seven prospects to the last man, are constant readers of your valuable medium-h even though they may, not all be on your subscrip- tion list. As a modest citizen, with real con- structiVe ideas, 19 matters not to me , personally, if our next governor is drafted from the plow, captains of in- - dustry, ranks of labor, reformed lounge lizards, or is merely a plain, every-day ‘sort of a human, with ‘ no past to live down, if he but possess the vision, force and will, to drive home to an indifferent or hide-bound legislature, its long neglected duty to the entire state' 8 interest—in failing to provide a. StateAid Land Clearing Act, merely because it smacks of pa- ternalism—and so necessary to rapid- . 1y connect the land hungry with the immense tracts of idle, tax ridden, ag- ricultural stump lands within our bor- der. Yes, I will praise 11.1111 while yet alive, even though he happen not to be a disciple of Thomas Jefferson I have n_.e1ver favored legislation de- signed to pass the buck to the. tax payers (which includes all consum- ers) in the interests of a‘. chosen few, nor am I guilty of advocating it in this case, for a State Aid Land Clear- ing Act, properly named, saddles no burden upon the tax payers. On the other hand, the rapid development of our id‘le lands by a hundred per; cent citizenry into productive fields, en- riches tihe entire state materially and otherwise. The ' productive soils of , northern Michigan, once tamed for the plow, becomes a permanent source of wealth to the state and nation. You xwiil find no abandoned farms with ‘ . bottomed-up fertile soils in northern Michigan. As well recognize first as last, that ‘ the rapid development of Michigan’ s avast acreage at idle stump lands of Mahatma! value, absolutely 1 nd.hungry, big" ‘1 .- 'whether the government is, to be a his I ”laud no doubt they: work to do, but is W a concentrated effort , interested in subduing the forest wilds or denuded lands. Its improved or partly improved farms for them It is the same old story of the yester- days, of every state in the union. The indispensable asset 01 pioneer build- ers, rarely inventory less than 90 to 95 % faith and hope.‘ Financing in a very modest way, the embryo farmer, in his initial clearing operations only, out of a re- volving fund - permitted under an amended constitution, on long time, low interest, amply secured on the land, and payable in the manner of a drainage tax, entails no expense upon the tax payers, although the benefits derived are statewide while furnish- ing material encouragements so nec- essary to the pioneer settlers. No substitute for a State Law Clearing Act can press so lightly upon the settler, nor prove so inexpensive to the tax payers of the entire state. If there is one single industry (al- ways in the infant stage of develop- ment) :that is entitled to the first and last nip at the suckling bottle, but forced always to be content with hay .. tea until weaned, it is the hardy self- denying types of the Lincoln charac- ters, in small bands on the frontiers of civilization, enduring hardships, while paving the way for others, and we purposely remain stone-blind to their dues. Gee! How penny wise and pound foolish our legislature ap- pears at times—John G- Krauth, Millersburg, Mich. Your suggestion is directly in line with what we have long advocated. The pres- ent governor made a promise that if he were elected he would turn his attention to the uncleared land problem in this state and recommend legislation to aid in its development. But the promise proved ‘ to be nothing but a. campaign tickler. for the governor has made no effort to carry it out, and has in fact retracted from his position. Being in the business of loan- ing money to farmers on cut—over lands, at attractive. —ver attractive,——rates of interest, it is not 0 be supposed that he would go very far out of his way to make the state a competitor. The problem of our cut- -over lands is a. big one, and should command the earnest attention of the entire state. —Editor. 1 uNnon‘sns M. B. F. EDITORIAL In your issue, of January'lOth your article "The State Farm Bureau and Politics" strikes me as being very timely and right‘to the point. I agree with you most heartily. The great organized strength of the Michigan State Farm Bureau should be used to- wards helping to get good men in our state offices. If it is not to be used for such worflhy purpose, why was it organized? I feel that I can safely say that our County Farm Bureau is going to do its part toward that end. We. are going to have a big meet- ing here tomorrow and expect to have farmers here from all over this coun- ty. Dr. Mumford and several other noted speakers will be on the job. With best regards, I am yours tru- ly—Johxn F. Quinlan, Petoskell, Mich. I am certainly glad to know that the Emmet County Farm Bureau members will concern themselves with the ways and means of securing better government ameng which is the naming of worthy representatives. I feel assured that the great majority of farm bureau members will take the same interest. ——Editor. OBSOLETE INSTITUTIONS I have been much interested in the many expressions of needed reforms by yourself and the many readers of your “Open Forum.” It has been plain- ; ly shown that there is a great need for men to make laws, more democrat- ic laws, to benefit those who create wealth, as well as those who get it to the consumer. Our present system is crude and belongs to the period of ex- carts and corduroy roads, fallow dips and log houses and fire places, when one newspaper supplied a community, and once in four weeks a preacher or religious teacher came to sojourn for a few days. Today we have a daily - mail to nearly every door in Michigan as well as every door in this great land'. And what does the mail bring us? Nine out Of every 10 papers pub- lished support the present system of unjust distribution of wealth and our The Week’s Editorial “Politics Demands Every American’s Attention” can national committee is appar- ently talking from broader viewpoint than that enjoyed by a mere partisan when hefasserts that what we need in this country is not less politics, but more attention to politics because only thus can file best candidates be obtained. Mr. ays is speaking with especial reference to the coming presidential campaign, and while his words are true, wheth- er taken in a general or in a specific sense, they are doubly forceful as he applies them. For not since Mr. McKinley and Mr. Bryan became opponents on the free silver issue, perhaps not since the _campaig‘n".that put Mr. Lincoln in the White. House. has there been a national election of/such portent to the country, as the one _due an T CHAIRMAN Hays of the Republi- J 'November'promises» to be. foundations and policies of our gov- ernment are to be affected as they have not been affected for many years. The very question of our integrity as a severeign nation may be at stake. The outcome of the balloting may decide, too, whether we are to have a-genuine ,postwar reconstruction, or a revolution through socialistic leg- islation; whether we are to be a re- public or sink in the mire of state socialism; whether we are to go back to a regime of stalwart Americanism in Washington or; continue under a. *. near despotism: whether the execu- this is to continue in control of the . legislative departments, or whether _we are to keep our free institutions. 1.W9 are to choose Whether section- is to rule the United States or and an. the people of determine What are to be the rela— tions between capital and labor on one side and the great general pub- lic on the other. Our merchant ma- rine policies, our railroad policies, the great question of national pre- paredness, the equally great question of national frugality, our future at- titude toward the Monroe doctrine, toward Europe, toward Mexico, to- ward South American, are all in the balance. It is impossible yet to tell what may be the so-called paramount is‘ sue in the impending campaign. Much will depend upon the devel- opments of the next few weeks; but whatever seems to hold center of the gangs, the underyling issue is to be mericanism. What bigger issue for on country can there be than this? t has necessary for the voters of firmer-ion. to concern themselves with politics throughout the next few months as it was for them to con- cern themselves with the war thru- out the period of the active fight against Germany. The demands of patriotism are quite as peremptory in 810 one instance as in the other. The same duty rests in equal meas- ure on the members of both great parties. The adherents of each ought to make certain that the best man obtainable is chosen to make the campaigns for the presidential chair. We can imagine no better political fortune for the country than the se- lection of first—class candidates by both the Republicans and the Dem- ocrats. Such a development would in itself be a most hopeful augury for the future. It would be an in- dication of a national understanding of the bigness of the crisis through ’which We are passi'n‘ngetroit Free M‘NM‘Q‘ ‘ 1’ engineered by political 'speak, almost every issue that is ad- I . women to fill our offices regardless of. ing made along well dad ed lines? I have seen three disti , political parties organized say noth' fig of the Gleaners, Farm Burs Knights of Labor, etc, and only to s our liberties slipping away slowly but surely every year, until we have: . only one state in this country that 1...- governed by its people and that North'Da-kota. When every voter 1112 ' M1chigan studies the principles of .th , Non—partisan League and its mode of“, getting control of state and nationaix; governments, then they will act for and with a purpose—P. P. Miner, Sag- inaw County. The people of North Dakota are tryin 8. grand experiment. Let us see what it amounts to before we follow their foot-, steps. There is nothing basically wrong with the majority of our laws. We have exactly theh same election machinery here in Michigan as in North Dakota. If we do not employ it to good and useful. ends, that is not the fault of the law, the politicians, nor those who abuse the law. That is your fault, my fault, our neigh- bor's fault, and the fault of all ordinary citizens Who permit their elections to be' rings, and who, vote for the men whom the ring pick out‘ for us to vote for. —Editor. THE COST OF PARTISANSHIP ,' Regarding your straw vote for a farmer for governor, please permit 3 me to ask a question, which you are’ asked to pick flaws with. Why a farmer, a Ford, a Newberry, _or a millionaire for governor. Congress~ man, president, or in fact any im— portant office? Why no men elected g by the common people and common men in office? Why always stick to Republicans or Democrats or any other political party? It appears to me so long as we ’ have political parties, just so long will we have one party fighting the other. Why not do away with them and elect men, or women to fill our " ofiices regardless of party? ' What does it cost this country for , two political factions, strong factions such as the Republicans and Demo- crats daily to sit in congress and stall in their time fighting so to vanced by either party? Take our congress for instance‘, the number of men and multiply their salary by the number and see what it costs the country daily for them to sit there and chew the rag. If the common people, and by common people I mean the ones who ‘11 actually keep this country going",- were placed in office, and a few of 'I‘fi the best men nominated by the peo~ 1'5 pie, then what we read in the papers to be only the experience, education and fitness for office, and let the one 5 who received the most votes be de- clared elected, and any time that such a party accepted a bribe, or missused his office then and there such a party is to step down and out ’3; would if not be better than harbor- 3-“; ing political parties? Do away with all as. 2': .11....124 parties. Do away with all strife and contention. Elect qualified men to fill our 0111- ces regardless whether they have any money or not. We don’t want mon- ey men in office. We want MEN. Is not the Ford—Newberry contest enough for the common people to , unite and select their candidates and' ' elect them to office. Have not the common people this power 100 to 1. Yes possibly 1,000 to 1, and still the one, the money is ruling, and it will rule just so long as we have politi al parties, or try and have one class dominate another class. What would your office care if your employees were Democrats, Republicans or what not. What you want is employees that make good, who are on the job and who are working for your inter- est. and this is it exactly in politics. What the country wants is men on party and those who will uphold constitution of the United States, laws and a combined effort for go If this country could unite to the war, surely we can unite to u age our offices. ’ He is too small for r (confined 1»: pm A. r 1’ 11:1» was ' . -: I) [5% ' [’dJ' mi} ,, . 13g ... .2311 "hrrnloss FIR su.._.1ss._29_,_ 1320 Credo [Detroit Ohlmel I. Y. a me ...I . I2.e_5 :‘ mm ...I 2.00 l 2.10 I Hired . . .l l I emcee one run A00 , once «been: ohlmol i. r. {We Bed ..... .30 2.30 2.30 no. I won. . .20 2.23 2.34 so. 2 Mixed . 2.20 2.21 2.03 [News that the Russian trading with the world was to be resumed at once had a weakening effect last tweak on numerous grain markets, especially the wheat section. Min- eapolis reported that spring wheat M declined from 15 to 20 cents for bushel. Furthermore it report- “that the news had resulted in al- most on unsaleable condition for winter wheat in the west. But this week Herbert Hoover’s statement on the European situation backed by approval of other foreign exports, has bolstered up the wheat price situation, as well as corn and other grains. Hoover states that Russia cannot export wheat as long so .the people of that country are -.sterving to death. He says that the cities of Russia and other Slavic dis- tricts mus-t have imported food im- mediately in order to live through the winter without terrible famine. The country districts, according to ,his statements, have supplies for ' only a few months. : Along with this the Grain Corpor- ation has been applying its usual bearish tactics. But the week start- 00 out with a bullish tone. Supplies in Detroit are very low. In Chicago, the prediction made not long ago for $4 wheat looked much nearer realization, when No. 1 northern sold at $3.53 in the Chi- cago market. This is the record peak, and it is believed that the de- mand for fancy grades may easily boost the top to around $4 before long. _ OOBN RETAINS STRENGTH icons PRICES PER 30.. .um. 20, 1020 ____ Credo IDetrelt chloego ngfv. e. 2 Yellow . . .l 1.87 , 8 Yellow . . .l 1.63 1.54 lo. 4 Yellow :41. .49 pswesnvsvamica—w“ . . om. [Detroit es'laamjig W1 Yellow . 1.53 to. 0 mm 1.30 1.34 1.50 lo. 4 Yellow 1.33 1.33 140 » Nearly all factors in the corn mar- kets of the country have been ex- pecting the usual January decline of corn prices, due to heavy receipts :ond other bearish elements concen- trated upon the market at this sea- s0n of the year. To be sure there has been some slump, but the fol- low-up of encouraging news on the Russian situation and the arrival of only small stocks at the terminals :oonsed the corn market to retain its strength. The Detroit quotations are only one cent below those of a ‘woek 030. and the Chicago market has eased all only a cent or two , _. ore. Last year about this time ere were heavy losses. V‘l‘he Russian statement by Hoover eon-ed a big recovery Monday this week. Only a few cars appeared at , for grain shipping purposes, here-e great supplies of rolling _ h were anticipated. lords ailecting many parts of the islet-don has gone from Chicago to Y "from the car shortage, although upeoted that little relief can dun by the administration. rim of corn have been increas- llut even now they are only half . they were a year ago. Farm: ul‘believed to have quite fair "of corn on hand, but, in e ,. of states, show‘e disposition .001- 81.60 per bushel at «the stations. The rapid fluctua "the: past week nuke proph— ‘ assertions at this moment The bllz-' lotion also held up movements. A ' . nice in hope of getting -re-- ‘ e predict better prices . and higher. Hay firm. DETROIT—Grains, excepting rye, show strengthr potatoes ll higher; beans in fair demand, strong and steady. Seeds stronger CHICAGO—Corn and oats show strength. Wheat weak. Pro- visions bullish'. Hog market strong and higher. Weekly Trade and Market Review A LTHOUGH the League of Nations has become a reality and most of the nations of the world have signed the peace treaty, the United States has been little afiected. Technically" our nation is still at war with someone or other. Instead of strengthening the foreign exchange. rate of. money, the past week has seen further declines. The Italian money» is worth less in the United States than at almost any time in history. The cotton trade from America to England is bolstering up the English mon— ey a little and helping our export trade to the British Isles. One other country, Russia, saw a strengthening of its money value in America this week, due to the opening of trade relations in that nation. Business continues to be lively in most parts of America, and it is believed that the campaign for Thrift Week is cutting down the nation’s extravagance. Cold weather is putting in its hardest licks now in the business and trade conditions, by making cities snowbound and cutting ofi rail transportation. Paris of. Michigan have suffered this condition last week, and this week one of the deepest snowfalls in years struck many parts of the country. New York state is one of the heavy suiferers. In the markets, the usual slump which occurs in January did not strike the corn market very hard this time. Cold weather is forecast as the strengthening factor, while a better price for hogs this week is also worth noting. Other grains have staid near what they were a week ago, except wheat, which has dropped somewhat. OATS’ SITUATION HAlZY on [megs FEB ‘BVU.V._—JAN.772_(L_H1_§§L 9P9€°,_..ifl"°!il9h'°a99l!-lo. Standard ....... ‘ .69 | .61 l .18 No. a wmm .03 l .00 i .13 No. 4 White --!V-§§_,_-°5 ,_ .14 pmoss'oss’vun A30 _._2?:1C_:L929~|3_L°hlmo il'N- '- Standard ....... I .00 .51 I .30 No. 3 Whlte ...! .ss .30 I . No. 4 White .. .01 .85 I There is a considerable ,haziness in the outlook upon the oats mar— ket. Reports keep coming from New York every day, telling of ex— port buying of oats, but Chicago, Detroit and other Wes-tern market men .are not so sure that there is much movement of oats abroad. Al- though oats are scarce in the mar- kets, there has been slight demand the last week or so, and the price has edged off a cent in the past week. It might seem that the gen- eral bullishness of the oat market for many weeks has stopped to take a rest for a spell. That the market will make still further progress is entirely likely, inasmuch as the oat supply is so scant and the need is greater than ever. Export of cats is known to have dropped off at leastr30,000 bushels in one week, and the total export ' BEANS IN DEMAND LAND armor 35m emcee venom" can- 20, 1020 .- Grade Ionian ‘onmAflLL e. H. P. ....... t 1.85 ‘ 1.15 I 0.00 fled Kldneye . . . 13.1! I14." Palette ou__s run A00 Grids Iooz‘Foit‘I (immune: 1;. '2. H. P. ..... 0.15 Is.25 10.25 Prime ......... 1.75 I 8.60 9.80 mo Kidneys 2.00 I12.00 13.00 Beans have picked up a little in‘ the past week with a good demand and steady market at present in De- troit and other centers. Detroit pays $7.35 per cwt. for prompt ship- ment, and quotes February bid $7.46; . _ Interesting figures have been gath- ered concerning the Michigan bean crop of the past year. It is estimat- ed that the total Michigan bean crop last year was 4,030,000 bushels, a. loss of 850,000 bushels compared with 1918. This does not show. the great shrinkage in acreage, how- ever, because there were more beans per acre in 1919 than in 1918. It is estimated by some authorities thwt 13 bushels per acre formed the state’s 1919 average, while 1918 got . only nine bushels per acre. Saginaw county farmers are re- ported to be holding back their beans at present, although nearly half the crop was thought to have been mar- keted in October and November. J. B. Leach, of the Chesaning Farmers’ Elevator 00., says that the farmers expect an increase of around fifty cents per bushel in the next month. , The government report shows that Michigan produced more beans than all the other leading bean states, omitting California, which leads Michigan slightly. The government report also tells of advapcing prices of soy beans in Japan, due to drouths in Manchuria in the past season. It also tells of poor quality of the ori- ental crop. Taking all considera— tions into account, conditions look pretty bullish for the bean market at present. rate is about a ninth or tenth of that ‘ maintained last year at this time. Despite the. tired feeling in the oats market just at present, a new high level for highest. grade oats was reached in Chicago a few days ago. RYE AND BARLEY - Rye and barley, along with oats, are now wellestablished as interna- tional grains.‘ Fluctuations in these markets have depended almost en- tirely of late upon conditions abroad. Rye has suffered the most of any of these grains during the “January slump," while barley has actually gained somewhat. There has been almost no demand for rye in the Middle West. Detroit quotes ry’e, cash No. 2, at $1.74, which is 12 cents below last week’s figure. Bar- ley, cash No. 3, $3@$3.20 per cwt. storms WASHINGTON? D. 0., Jan. 24, ’20. ...-\Varm waves will reach Vancouver about Jan. 28 Feb. 3 and 9 and tem- peratures will rise on all the Pacific ope. They will cross crest of Rock- s by close of Jan. 29, Feb. 4 and 10; plains sections ridian 90, great lakes, middle Gulf . and Ohio-Tennessee valleys Jan. 31, Feb. 6 and 12; eastern sec- . i 1 and 13, reaching vicin- ity of Newfoundland about Feb. 2, s and 14. Storm waves will follow about one day behind warm waves and cool waves about one day behind atom waves. ‘ These disturbances wort-other «North _ THE WEATHER FOR THE WEEK As Forecasted by W. T. Foster for MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMING 30, Feb. 5 and 11. me: . ' ive to live will dominate near Jan. 21 to near Feb. 14. The week centering Jan. 5, as predicted, not only bro t severe storms in America but Europe also. The The week centering on Jan. 18 was also predicted to bring severe weather events. Most severe storms and most pre— cipitation of February are expected during weeks centering on 6 and 24. The period of about nineteen days de- scribed above is expected to brin a. decrease of precipitation in the ot- ton states, an increase in the north- ern states and a oontinuances of mod- erate precipitation in Canada and on the Pacific slope. While some ex- tremor: of weather events are expected. February will average about normal. Liv “ck will require about an av- r ' ‘ ';&a%%r%6 A cold, hard, storm w very expens- y stock leaders. Weather Ci-n- ...-us for bruary seem to fav- or winter but too backward for southern 3. :. i—Vtve 1- 1:." “If . POTATOES STILL CLIllIB spuos PER cwr.. JAN. 20. 1020 Backed! 7 so}: Detroit ............... 4 so 0.10 Chicago ............... 4.35 4.50 Plttsburu ............ ..l 4.80 l] 4.70 New York ............. l 5.00 “5:80 Filbgg’ofla‘fri‘an scoff” 09mm. ............... 2.00 ‘ 1.00 Mean ............... 1.05 1.00 Flushing ............. I 2.30 I 2.20 New York ............. I 2.00 I 2.30 Potatoes have surprised many by continued advances, in spite of heavy arrivals from the Maine grow- ers and other heavy producing cen- ters. Western growers seem well satisfied with the prices they are gettingras a rule. The Michigan white stock has been pulling down higher and higher prices. Even the famous Aroostook county in Maine. has been taking a, back seat to Mich- igan and has been getting prices of) ten to fifteen cents below Michigan grades. The following interesting letter has been received from A. A. Lam- berston, of Cedar Spurings, Mich., regarding the spud market: . “In regard to the price at which potatoes went out last spring, I think that if we had normal weath- er, potatoes would have gone out at $2; but the weather turned off hot for twenty days—hotter than ever known before. Of course that brought the southern spuds on much earlier. The heatalsgpmade buy— ers afraid of stocking up because of fear of the spuds rotting. The farm- ers' business is a continual gamble in this respect. I have watched sev- eral seasons and believe that this is one in which the government esti- mate is all off—perhaps one—half out of the way. ,‘ " I have. yet to see Snow in the Rural New Yorker, ~ make a mistake in estimating any crop; he has paid rem" am ' the was no e , 45: so: 0 -- 5'0 2 .» one?" @r11«§}2:llogirisr.oo as new on , I :m Pitcairn-o . lam mus-1.0009: “a L ' I ’2 xl v. > ’ w“ . .VP-Jfi. \. 31 . ' fins-5.»): v‘ air. “=.".-.:: ., > . ' .1 .-. .. _ gm... a. 3 c ,5 g‘.‘ ._ _» r ' . J' 1 No. 1 ‘ LION. I. closu- Ill. ;Olom HIV PRIOE8 A YEAR _890 I l Ila. 1 Tim. I “on. Tim! lo. 8 Tim. Detroit .27. 00 8; I28. 80 27 28. 80 38 0M .. 00%; 8128.00 80 ’ New art 82. 00 481 00 G 88 28 00 81 PI tubul‘o .80.00 081 8128.50 0 28 27. 80 Q 28 I No.1 T No. 1 an I Light MIX. [Clover Mlx. Clever Dot stroll 28. 800 21I82. “‘88 21 80 82 Ohlmo .. “‘28300 0081128;00@8017.00 New art 80 00 082 Pittsburo .I81. 80 0 28 81:80 0 28 80 .80 0 21 Very flrm hay markets are reported generally,” especially New York, De trait, Chicago and Pittsburg are all undersupplied. The hay trade our situation is des- perate and further expressions from dealers indicate they do not feel that the full available supply of vox cars for hay loadings is taken advantageof. "We cannot urge shippers too strong- ly to get in the market now," said Al- bc-t Miller & 00., of Chicago, “as con- ditions are ideal. Advices of loadings and actual receipts continue exception- ally light and are expected to contin- ue so for some time yet." DE'EBOIT PRODUCE MARKET This week Detroit’s opening pro- duce market did not develop much Interest and the price list remains with scarcely any change. In dairy products the trade was active and tone firm. Receipts of both butter and fresh eggs are increasing and demand is enough to take care of it all. While receipts of eggs have been steadily Increasing, there is a chance now that the snow storm will check the movement and bring another ptriod of scarcity. Consumers are taking hens freely, but there is not much doing in any other line of poultry, and the supply of chickens is more than enough. Dressed calves are firm and active. Dressed hogs are in small demand. The market is quiet for fruits and vegetables. Apples—Western, boxes, $3.25@ 3.50;,Spy, $3.25@$3.50; Baldwin, 8@$3.25; Greening, $3.50@$3.75 per bu. Popcorn—Ghelled, 11@12c per 1b.; cauliflower, $2.25@$2.50 per case; honey, white comb, 32@35c per 1b.; celery, Kalamazoo, 40@75c per doz.; onions, Indiana, $6@$6.50 per loo-lb.- sack; sweet- potatoes, Jersey, crates, $3@$3.50; cabbage, home grown, $100@$124 per ton; tomatoes, six-basket carrier, repack- ed, $7. 50@$8. - Dressed Hogs—Best, 19 @210; heavy, 17@180 per lb. ; calves, (dressed), fancy, 28@290; choice, 25@260 per lb. Lettuce—Iceberg, $2@$3 per crate; hothouse, 26@27c per 1b.; Florida hampers, $2@$2.25. Dress-ed Poultry—Turkeys, 45@ 50c; chickens, 30@32c; ducks, 88 @40c; geese, 28®30c per lb. Live Poultry—~Spring chickens, large, 28 @300; Leghorns, 26@28c; hens, 82@34c; small hens, 27@29c; roosters, 19@200: young geese, 28 @32c; ducks 38@40c; turkeys, 44 __ ‘- 045c per lb. I LIVE STOCK STRONGER One of the encouraging features 0! the week is the better tone for hogs on the. Chicago markets. The V. leading markets are strong for all kinds of live stock, with price jumps of from fifteen to twenty cents at some points. Quotations follow: DETROIT—Cattle market steady; ' best heavy steers, $12®$13; best handy weight butcher steers, $10.50 @$11.50; mixed steers and‘heifersy $9.50@$10; handy light butchers, $8.50@$9; light butchers, $7.50@ $8; best cows, $9.50@$10; butcher canners, $5.50@$5.75; best heavy bulls, $10; bologna bulls, $8@ $8.50; stock bulls, $7.50@$8; milk- ers and springers, $65®$150. Veal calves: Market steady at last week’s opening: best. $22®$23; others, 100$”. , Sheep and lambs: mar- hot strong! 25s to 508 higher than ,5.— L , «slim, 3151100115135; cows, $8@$8.50; cutters, $6.50@$7. . as week's close; best latch. ‘19 75 - twilight“? ' .5; , 3., ‘ {'8 ‘ 1‘81“. $1515@ $15. 35; light light, 814.50@$15.20; has?! packing sows. mm; $14150 . $14. 65; whim sows, mgh, $13. 65@ $14.15; pigs, $13. 50®$14. 50. Cattle: Firm; beef steers, medium and heavy weight, choice and prime. $17 50@$19z medium and good, $11. 50@$17. 50; common, 3'9. 50®$11 so; light weight, good and choice, $13. 750818; common and medium, $9@$13.75; butcher cat- tle, heifers, $6.75@$14.25; cows, $6.65 @813; “cannerg and cutters, $6:50@ $6.75; veal calves, $170818.|50; feed- er steers, $8@$12.50; stacker steers, $7.50@-$11. Sheep: Strong; lambs, 84 lbs down, $17.25@$19.25; culls and common, $14@$16.75;_ ewes, medium, good and choice, $92508”; culls and common, $5.50@$8.75. EAST BUFFALO—Cattle steady; prime steers $16@$17; shipping steers ’$15@$16.50; butchers, $90$15; year- lings, $14@$15.50; heifers, $6.50@ $11.50; cows, $4.50@$10.50; bulls, $6.50@$10.50 ;stockers and feeders, $6 @$10.25; fresh cows and springers, $85®$175. Calves: 50c higher; $6@ $24. Hogs: 250@500 lower; heavy, $15.50@$15.65; mixed and yorker-s, $15. 75 light do and pigs. $15.75@$16; roughs, $13. 50@$13‘. 75; stage. 3106) $11750. Sheep and lambs: Steady to 500 lower; lambs, $110821; yearlings, $100813; weiihers, 130814; ewes, $4 @$12; mixed sheep, $126813. _ ' & 2%”:93530" is mead 1325 me" we. ’ :1 times on Michigan and New York Fleeces: Fine unWashed, cross; Delaine im- washed, 87®90;1—2 blood unwashedt 80®82; 3-8 blood unwashed, 68@69; 1-4 blood unwashed, 64@67; 1-2, 3-8, 1—4 clothing, 55@57; common and brai,.d 41@42. ERADIOATION OF LIVE STOCK DISEASES IN hflCHIGAN (Continued from page 2) "It is hereby ordered by the State De- partment of Animal Industry, located at Lansing, Michigan, that all cattle which are offered at any public fair in Michi- gan for exhibition purposes within such state shall have been tested for tubercu- losis by an accredited veterinarian not to exceed sixty days prior to said fair. ”It is further ordered that all hogs 01- fered for exhibition purposes at any pub- lic fair in Michigan shall be accompanied by a certificate of health signed by a graduate veterinarian licensed to practice under the laws of the state in which he resides, showing that said hogs have been immunized against hog cholera at least twenty-one days previous to offering for exhibition following? the use of the si- multaneous inoculat on, or within a peri- od of thirty days immediately following the use of the serum alone method. Pro- vided however, that this regulation shall not apply to unweaned pigs under six weeks of age from sows which have been immunized by serum and virus tion at least sixty days beforeparturition. “Said certificates must be held in read- iness by the owners of the live stock at all times for inspection by an authorized agent from the State Department of A111- mal Industry." We believe that the money appro- priated for the use of this Depart- ment for the control of diseases of live stock is money which is well spent. We are making every effort money should ”be " though it were an own. 2 " we desire to thank the. hr live stock in this state for ‘8'“ 3%: id co—operation which they ’ rendered during the put trust that the services whlc . rendered have been of value and H ‘ our efforts have not been in Vila-w H. H. Hallway, am of M 'mal Industry. A paper that's a sort of track of things—Frank ll. " ..~. Saginaw County. ’ it You, orrathermr M. B. his“ more for the farmers than paper. Let’s stick together to We will win in the long race, so forget to keep M. B. 3'. coming along. Yours tor mar—09 I. Elsie. It All “I am enclosing my straw vcts‘foi Baker. I have takm your pm me. «7‘5 it was published and Inst it‘butIreaditantlIthlnk ~ , a E E ‘ i g at? 53% E i E E. g P 3 50 cents perpomndmrit. Onset boardersrcachedmandtooh‘ .M " halxtherewason thsdish;sprsadit cdmisworthsvcry paper: it is a talcum paper --A. " scriber, Chippewa County. ' 1 I How Breeders Feed Unicorn I to Make Records 'BREEDERS use Unicorn as a high protein feed. It has just the right combination of grain and oil sccd pro- NOTE Feed, made of corn, oilmeal and bran. For those breeders who do not raise corn and oats, we recommend our Centaur protein. Semi-Office! Year Records Made With Unicorn Breed Age Lbs. Milk Lbs. Fat ’Walcovris Ollie Mooic Holstein Jr. 2 21,569.70 808.50 'Nancy Whitehall Ayrshire Jr. 4 1!, 707 .00 754.00 ‘2 Star Watson M003: 3rd Holstein Full-aged.25,99+.50- 736. 56. 22;" mean Waldorf Holstein Jr. 4 24,648. so 394.39 (World's mill: record in class when mad!) Docdc Binnema Flora Holstein 11 yrs. 28, 857.00 1005.66 oats, reins for balancing with farm Unicorn tests more than 21% dngwtz'é/e The percentage of protein is important, but no more so than the combination and quality of the feeds used. Unicorn is the feed for record-making. The following records recently corn- pletedwcre made on a mixture of about 70% Unicorn, 15% hominy (or corn), and 15% oats. (World’s milk snafu! recovdfar cow after as) ' World's fa! record in class when mic. grains. Unicorn is made to fit your cows by people who know feeds and cows. ; a, Feedin cows “right” is difficult. Uni- corn hc ps you get a maximum yield. Unicorn 1s not high priced When fed with your own grain. ‘ CHAPIN & COMPANY Chicago {ls-“fig; "2 ’. {flu ,Vr'w " 1. 11‘- . ' . THRIFT " (T0 EARN a little and to spend a little less," was the creed advanced by Robert Louis Stevenson and this is ‘practically the a-me creed which the nation has asked "every individual to adopt as his or her own, in the program it is advancing in this ”Thrift Week.” It is' a well known fact that this ,_,questi0n of financing lies largely 'with tfle women of the land, as al- most any woman can spend more than a man can earn, if she so will, or a determined woman can compel a spen‘dthrift husband to meet her demands for a “budget” and can so plan the family expenditures that there will be a definite amount laid . aside for legitimate ilvestments. ,, Investigation after investigation .‘ has been made by prominent men ‘ , and women regarding the H. C. of L. and each and every one has agreed _in the final analysis, that the only remedy lies in greater production. 'Just as there must be greater pro- duction in order to remedy the pres— . ent problem of costs, so there must be greater saving if we are to keep our country first of all, for produc- tion has lagged for two years and in order to catch up it will take a vast amount of capital and it is up to the individual to assist in supplying that ' capital through sane investments in ~ bonds which will assist our country in catching up. It is, a most remarkable condition which exists—with prices higher ' than they have ever been in the hist- ory of our lives—,gtill there is not a bread line or a soup kitchen from coast to coast of our fair land. This is a marvelous record for any coun— try—n0w the thing to do is to’keep it so by keeping men employed and they cannot be kept employed unless the country keeps prosperous and a thrifty country is a prosperous coun- 'try. And so to help instill the gos- ' rpel of thrift in our minds the govern- , ment has given us these command- ments which it would be well for us to keep in mind, not only this week which has been set aside as Thrift Week, but every week throughout the year. (THE TEN COMMANDMENTS , INDIVIDUAL . FINANCES lee—“Tori; and earn—to help in- OF how you should dispose of your in- come. fie—Keep. a record if expenditures » to see how close you come out to your estimates. 4.———Have a bank account—To keep ., money in a safe place and help you ' save. ‘ ' 5.-——-Carry life insurance to pro- “tect your loved ones in case of your death. . , 6.—Make a will to insure your re- sources going quickly to .your loved ones in case of your death. 7. --Own your own home to secure . the greatest satisfaction in your own 7 home. 8.—.—-Pay your bills promptly—To ». meet'the moral obligations you have to your creditors. ' '9.-'-—anest_ in government securi- tiesrL-z-To help your country and make a wise investment. ~ .10. ”Shale with others—To ful- fill your religious duty of steward- ship. “PUBLIC INSTRUCTION SHOULD BE THE FIRST OBJECT OF GOVERNMENT" ' chools is bound to bob up - . . we _that’We are justified in again ’ .:_space to call this matter to hers salaries have not have other compensations, 4' ‘ ' Edited by MABEL CLARE LADD ing consideration: at the hands of our public omcials, and with their decision rests the question of wheth- er we shall have competent teachers or not. If the salaries are not forth- coming, teachers will more and mere desert this profession and girls grad— uating from high school will cease to fit themselves for the occupation of teachers. And what hearing has this on the subject of consolidated schools, you ask? Just this:, If several schools unite; convey- ances are provided for the children and hot lunches, the cost of hiring“ the teachers will be spread over' a’ larger are-a—~—-the cost, will not be burdensome, but the position can be made financially attractive enough so that the best teachers can be se—_ cured. Legislation affecting this problem. ”will necessarily dovetail very closely with that affecting good roads, for without one the other is impossible, so the subject is one which should have the thoughtful consideration of every woman of voting age.‘ Much interest is being shown in. the coming conference to be held at Cedar Falls, Iowa, February 17—19 on this subject. At thisrconference it i. .g, Hero I: the successful consolidated school at Otter Lake. Mich. the best educators in the entire coun- try will 'be present and work out in detail plans for the consolidation of schools where the community will warrant it. In order that our read- ers may keep abreast of the times, we advise you to write to Mr. J .L. McBrien, Director, of Rural School Extension, Bureau of ~Education, Washington, D. C., and request a report of this conference. It will be available soon after the conference. So far Iowa has shown more inter- est in the subject than any‘other state. A L crease the world’s goods and de- crease ‘cost of living. » ‘2.——Make a Budget—Ascertain tl-IE SUBJECT of consolidated. gain and again until, through dd- .. THE T113125 OF THRIFT By EDMUND VANCE COOKE When you look, in envious wonder, At some plunger after plunder, Now on top and now in under In the whirlpool’s drift, Just remember there’s a fraction More of solid satisfaction In the safer, surer action Of the tides of thrift. When you’ve had an extra earning And you feel a sudden yearning When fate sends a shrinking dollar And you want to make a holler. And you’re bound to show your choler At the stingy gift, Leave it with the lowly banker, For there’ 11 come a day you’ll hanker For the safety of an anchor In the tides of thrift. Oh, yes, dollarsdrive one dotty And some financiers are naughty For the smoke of. greenbacks burning And the bank cashier looks haughty, Steady! Not so swift! Why not start a little pile, and After While you’ll smile and smile, and Find you own a little island In the tides of thrift. As his eye-brows lift, \ But some days the wolf comes prowl- ing And you meet him without scowling, As you gently choke his growling In the tides of thrift. DISHES TO TEMPT THE APPETITE Just at this season of the year we begin to tire of the same old routine of' foods and wish we had “some- thing different” to eat. After all, there isn't much different in the way of foods—it’s mostly new and unusual ways of preparing what we have, for while it is true that we do not have the green vegetables in winter, still we have canned fruits and a generous variety from which to plan our menus. Perhaps you will find something new either for your regular meals in the following recipes or for company dishes when you wish to dress up the table—or for that Sunday night lunch. -Celery Stuffed With Cheese Scrape and wash one head of cel- ery. Take some cream or Canadian cheese, mix it with a little milk and work until creamy. Stuff the cheese in the celery with this and serve as -a salad, being sure it is very cold when served. Baked Corn One can corn, 2 eggs, 1 teaspoon of melted butter, 1 pint of sweet milk. Mix the ingredients toe gether, adding the well beaten eggs last. Turn in buttered pan and make in 'a slow oven until firm. Cheese and Rice 9116 cup cooked rice ’7 '2 e 2 cup chopped dates. table- :,spoonful of-salt,.pepper to taste, 1 , baking _. 9. en separately, salt and pepper, 1—2 cup of milk, 2—3. cup of cheese, out fine and grated. Put all together except egg whites and fold these in last. Bake twenty minutes or more, set in pan of hot water. Date Sticks Yolks of three eggs, well beaten, add 1 cup of granulated sugar, 3. pinch of salt, '1 teaspoon of vanilla, 3 tablespoonfuls of boiling water and beat well. 'Then add 1 cup of flour, 2 rounded tea'spoonfuls of baking powder, 1 cup broken nut meats, 1 Mix well and add whites of the eggs. Bake in a slow oven having line the cake pan with oiled paper. Cut in oblong pieces and roll in powdered sugary. Pear Salad Take halved pears (either fresh or canned) and fill the cavity left by the core with dates (whole or halv- ed) sprinkle with chopped nut meats. Whipped cream may be used as , a salad dressing on top. ' Potatoes O’Brien Boil in salted water 1‘- 2 dozen me-" ' dium sized potatoes until nearly tender, drain and chop in cubes ' 1— 2 small can pimento shredded, moist- shed with good- rich milk or . thin ‘ cream, use paprika to taste, lump off Tin-.117 filth/V h butter, size of an egg. 5.1911. slid. ted ch a oUR READERS’ oWN , COLUMN , Editor” Woman’s Department, M. . Dear Miss Ladd: I saw in one of the last ”issues of M.. B. F."“th’at you‘ were interested in assisting farm wo- men in every way possible and that in this particular case you gave in- structions in the art of basket weav- ing from corn husks. I, mo, would like to make some money. I can crochet, embroider and do plaimsew- ing from- corn husks I, too, would is sale for such things in the cities. —-Mrs. L. W. My dear Madam: Yours is_ the secé / ond inquiry I have received within the past two weeks on this same sub- ject. I have made a very thorough survey of the field in this city, and, although there are fancy work shops galore, I find this to be the case. Crocheted yokes, etc., had a great vogue two seasons ago and were so generally wern and much made that they were sort of worn themselves out so far as style is concerned, and this year there has been absolutely no sale for, them. There is, however, sale for luncheon sets, etc., but no shop accepts them‘unless you join their shop, paying for displaying the articles. and then take your chance on their being sold. Unless you can ~ do a great deal, and are in a position to know just, what the demand is, it Would cost more than it is w-érth to try and market crocheted goods this way, as in. almost any city of size " there is what is known as a “Wo— man ’s Exchange” where articles are sold under this plan. Just before the holidays is,-of course, the best time to sell articles that are hand- made. As for the plain sewing, that is greatly in demand, but the question of supplying you with work when yen are far from the source of de- mand is a puzzling one. Were you in the city, yen could put a liner ad in the evening paper and secure enough to keep you busy all your spare time, but there are very few who would send their work out of town, take'a chance of your doing it as they'desired it without 'a per- sonal interview and in the case of children’s clothes or plain sewing of that kind, 'which is» the kind most in demansthere is the big item of fit- ting. . ' _ I do not like to discourage you—— on the Other'hand, I am afraid that I wouldbe entirely wrong to 'en- courage 'you to .build your hopes very high, on this sort of work. SEEN IN CITY SHOPS ' HE LIGHT, weight‘ wool and I silk skirts which have just come in for the summer season are pleated—enot 'the‘ large pleats we formerlyvknew, but tight little pleats almost accordian size. And‘ the skirts are so, built that they are larger at the top than the bottom. A dainty dress caught my eye as ' I was window shopping the other evening. It was blue taffeta, with a much ruffled skirt. And the top of each ruffle was headed with a bias fold—Sort of a pipin of an Alice Bluerlinen. ' There was a yoke also of this same linen. It sounds funny to think of trimming silk with lin- en, .but with the present high prices of linens and cottons, they are real- ly as precious as the time honored silks. - Then again we saw a. white silk shirt made of that Famta-si silk just like they wore last year except that this one had a bright colored belt With tab ends of a- rose pink. A friend who Was With’ me and who is ‘ clever with the needle immediately ~ V inches bust measure. 5 8-8 yards of 36-inch material. Width .88 .. , 42km. , c are. dine 38, "nu-es 6r. rennin 2 8-4 yards or 44-inch material. at Iowa- edge is about 2 1-4 yards. 32"." ~«o‘uu‘..7.iv‘.‘ “ L. E? 5i No. 2979.-—-A New Coat for the Little Miss. Cut in 4 sizes: 6, 8, 10 and 12 ears. Size 10 vresuires 3 1-2 yards of 4-inch. material. Nos. .2973-2975.-——A Prett C t . Waist 2973 Cut in 7 sizes: 32', 36.08351123, 42, 44 and 46 inches bust measure. Skirt 2975 Cut in 7 sizes: 22, 24. 26, 28, 30. 82 and 34 inches waist measure. A medi- um size will regézire 6 yards of 36-inch flatggahodél‘halm irtl rfieasures' 1 7-8 yard . , a separate patterns. p s extendtd. TWO No. 2988r—Girl's Dress. Cut in sizes. Size 10 will re ui - 44 inch. material. q r? 3 1 4 yards of No. 2994.—'—-Ladies' Cdmhin t - merit. Cut in 4 sizes: Small, fie-1:53): - 1325. mm, 36-38; Large, 40-42; and ’Extra Large, 44-46 inches bust measure. Size Medum requires 38-8 y rds of 36-inch material, with 3-8 yard or the' rufiie. ‘ No. 2666.—Girl’s Dress. Cut in 4 sizes: 8. '10., 12 and 14 years. Size 12 {will require 3 1-2 yards of 44-inch mater- a. ‘ . Herewith find ...... cents for w i I seng‘ me the following patterns at 11131:; eac : . ' M esoIosooo‘clIlttoiollloo‘boouu Inc...- | , eo-oocnooeoeooooooto sot-oigoos noun-- ‘31 8 , hes . - _ mi3 . 8 ~ yards, £1,44-mch, material. - rose meas- washout} yards at the foot. 1 , ‘ ,No.'“299.8.—G rl’s Dress.‘ -' Cut Tlnj4 since: 0. 8. 10 an, '12 years. Size" 10 will No. Sana—Ladies House Dress. cut in .»‘ : 34, 86,‘ 38, 40 42, 44 and ’48 Size 38 requires c7111? telly _. you he _ very necessarya’rticles on hand, bet- ter stock up during the" January sales, as‘the clerk. who measured oil a supply fer me the other day told me that I shouldn’t object to paying 31 per yard for such good Wide sheet- ing now,‘ and he advised me to get. double the supply I ordered, for said he, “When, we get our new supply in we can'ts’ell it for one penny less than $1.25, and it" looks now as if our supply would be limited.” Peo- ple work such short hours yOu know, that production 'is cut'dow'n and we. have to pay for it.”. I opened my purse, counted my little roll of bills, resolved to torego the ‘hot chocolate and cake I like to treat-my— self to when I am down town shop— ping ,and bought an. extra length. CHAT 0N CHICKENS . HATE to see people wasting their money, getting no results. and at _ the same time ’ making their chickens sick by loading them up too heavily with expensive grain and ‘ other rich food, and for this reason I may beexcused for harping ‘30 con- tinuously on the need of roughage or green stuff. Some time ago I stated that it would be a good deal better to mix one third sawdust with the grain ra- tion for chickens, hogs, horses or cattle than to feed no hay or green— stuff at all. This is a new idea and has been ridiculed by some, but nevertheless it is a good point for‘ you to consider. If you cannot get green stuff in the winter, take clean, dry sawdust, finely cut hay or straw, or anything of similar nature. Put this in a pan in the oven and brown it well. It will do no harm it somewhat burn- ed or charred. Then mix this in the mash with the ground grain in an amount one- third of the total ration and you will find that the chickens will do better, thrive better and produce better than if ted the grain alone, and at a lot less expense. The charred sawdust really forms a mixture of charcoal and vegetable fibre, which dilutes and makes more bulky the rich grain ration and pro- vides the digestive organs and in— testines with sufficient bulk to pro- mote healthy action. WATERPROOF APRONS For many purposes a waterproof apron is desirable. Leather is ex— pensive and so scarce now that its use should be. confined to purposes for which substitutes are unsuitable. A material classed as a leather sub- stitute is well adapted to this use. It has a cotton fabric base and is py— roxylin surface coated. It‘is more durable than ordinary rubberized goods; therefore, well worth its somewhat higher first cost. On the other. hand, it is cheaper than leather. BEAT HIM TO IT The stranger on a. walking-tour came across an “old, old man a-sit- ting on a gate” and began to ask ques- tions: “You are a farmer, I suppose?” “No, not now. I used to be, but I . gave it up." “Well, you don't seem to be very busy. You have plenty of time on your hands, haven't you?" “Lots of it." “Ever do any work?" , “Once I did.” “What do you do now, if I may ' ask ?" “Don't do nothing. Hain’t done nothing i‘or nearly ten years." “So. Why, you’re in luck! If I did nothing for half ‘hat length of time I should be in the poorhouse." . The old man’s race beamed with a glad surprise, and‘t-hen. as one who ues lit at its just Worth. |he. cried, de_- lightedly:""l‘hat"s just where I be!"— Ptttsburg Chronicle-Telegraph. , ’ , AN Economs'r ‘.‘-Pa, what is an’pconomist?" / ‘.‘An economist my Malian man. ‘ . sunflowers“ done” .. mu don‘e' with? , .. to an M1 . ,st' scum: that it ”- fa.‘8®iilf..sii’piili ”or these” knows. his'rare, good tertune and val- " L. ‘5‘,“ ‘M mawmmssgssssmme * . : .- emxs reassemsms new; k in existence. Food Authorities. quality or in economy. Aid-fl—Mm «M a- .....~a.......o——-~ CALUME GRIDDLE CAKES —— golden yellow, coated with toasty brown, light and tender. No other griddle cakes can be so delicious —— for the one reason that no other baking powder is so good. CALUMET . Baking Powder 1— , flakes Most Palaiablo and Sweetest oi Foods It is absolutely dependable. It is always the same— aIWays superior—always sure. Its uniformity of quality -— its pOWerful, unfailing strength, guarantee greatest baking success and savings. You save when you buy it—moderate in cost. Yousave when you use it—has more than the ordinary leavening strength—therefore you use less. You save materials it is used with. Produced in the biggest, most mod- em and sanitary baking powder factory Contains only such ingredients as have been officially approved by U. S. Try it! Then you’ll quit looking for , something better -— because you will know from results — from comparison ‘ —- that CALUMET has no equal in , One can will convince you. Order today! M-”— - .rmnsmmm mum W . _ 52383.5» a‘fik‘fi‘: W - a ax friends of our paper,too! When you write any advertiser in our weekly will you mention the fact that you are a reader of Michigan Business Farming? They are A Source at Strengt Science reveals that cod- liver oil is a fruitful source of vitamins and that its use helps a child grow normally. h i 3 Snell’s Emulsion g i i made of the richest and pur~ est Norwegian cod-liver oil, never fails in its mission to nourish and strengthen. Let the children have a plenitude of Scott’ . Scott & Bownc, Bloomfield, N. J. 19-44 «ammomoemomm Try Iii-molds for Indigestion .mo Dye Old,Faded _ . Dress Material “Diamond Dyes" Make Shabby Appare! Stylish and New—So Easy Too. Don’t worry about perfect results. Use “Diamond Dyes,” guaranteed to give i new, rich, fadeless color to any fabric. whether wool, silk,’linen, cotton or mixed goods,—dresses,,'blouses, stockings, skirts children’s~ coats, draperies,_——everything! A Direction-Book is inpackage. a To- match ._ .- any: mister-Sal, have dew? Fhéfi. you ‘DIQW‘. W8?.'Cel I y, C 1-3 ineh$5 aid can be my be I “by 1 inches by 9 inches 1: t0 the W3“ Md be fastened in place by screws «hinges ondahook. so itcon .be» themed st the end of each season .. the old nest cleaned out. The will use the old nest often, filing some repairs. on. box ends are usually mode 0! 2-“ Record of Consignmentsm and Soles at M .A.C. Wren. or brown. Hi the port which shonld be well mg Perches are not necessary. but it added for Appearance, do not make longer then .34, inches to sparrows will light on then end bother Jenny The box may be covered with bark, twigs or painted grey, white hiss” . , ‘ Push-e m E0.“ M. Ore-d Rem: Rifles Korndfie Queen: Deter Race. (meaning ....... . . . .8 800-. 00 F. Cantu. Howell: Verb Seals Kori. .yhe: Hunter Bros. Northfleld Minuet . .... 800.00 ml. WHO“; Vale Kabul Emble;m ‘Wemmnnlkh ..... 1,000.00 I Ore-titles“ 1'1ch Berke; E. 6‘. Stevenson. Detroit ..... ........ ..... 000.00 Hull. Curbfim; Fade: W. P. Schilling, Northiield, Minnesota ...... ......u. 050.00 MIME“ Mmenmldl‘onlhe:nmneyne. Reneo.. ..... .......... 876.00 “3.0!“!!800” ”Howell Mole:W.l'.Bol.‘llim.Nortbfisld,1flnmsnh ....... 800.00 Ink I. Giddy & 00.. Hows“; E-‘syne Angie Hengerveld Pontisc; W. W. Hountsin. Flint . .. 1.000.00 it. H. mm a Son. Okemoc; Winnilred Mutual Korndyke'. Lewk Hoerl. Curleton .. . .. . 350.00 I. H. MOD & Son. .0ksmoe: Martha Vindetfa DeKol: W. G. Davidson. Philadelphia. . . .. . 800.00 I. H. fields as Boo, Dumas: Winnifrsd Mutual Friend: Waters & Ruth. Greud m.1.250.oo I. H. Dulleb & Son. 0km; Winniired Mutual Friend 5th; Gare & Dickey. Dena. l'ens 735.00 I I. H. ,Deniell & Sou, Okelnos: Centrilh Honwtje Pietje: A. E. Jenkins, Lansing ..... .. 1,525.00 Adrew '1'. Din. lake Odessa: Butter Girl Alcortm Pontiac DeKol; E. G. Stevenson. Detroit 875.00 . 1‘ Din, Lake Odessa: Snowflake Pontiac Alcartra DeKol; Floyd Fuller. Jeddo . . . 350. 00 1'. Dirt. Lake Odessa; Pride Alcoa-tn Pontiac DeKol: Dnte Holstein Flume. Bern‘s 2 000. 00 And!!! '1'. Dirr, Luke Odessa; Lillian Kin: Seeds Pontiac DeKol; Gnge & Dickey ....... 620.00 Ohsrhe 8. H008. Howell Betta Mannie Perfection Model, L. D. Cobb. Blaine ........... 500.00 les 8. Heeg, Howell: Sir Topsy Model 0! Plusent View: 0. H. mink. Chesanin; .. bl 3 H E. Waters. Grand Rapids . . . ............... flu 8.11.3152, Howell; Topsy Harte: Pet Cnmry;D sec. Howell: Female: D. .R Wnterl. Grend Rapids ........ 8,000.00 8. Hecg. Howell; Rhee ItHarte: Elzevere 2d: Gaze & Dickey, Dulles. 'I‘em 1’ Henncy &C. Lepud,Lo kc Odessa: Goldie Alcsrts Hengerveld;1. C. Both. Gd. Re ds 1:. Henney a. C. Lenard. Inks Odessa; Ron Bobbeur Korndyke Beds; E. G. Stevenson. t. 300.00 L. Henney & C. Lenard Lake Odessa; Lily Alcnrta Komdyke; J'. G. Glustet. Abbomford 300.00 L. Heuney & C. Lenora. Luke Odessa; Rosa Bnnheur Eon-noble: Gene & Dickey ....... 775.00 1L. Henney a. O. Lenard. Lake Odessa; Goldie Mechthilde Bengerveld: Dr. Lewis! Crsbb . 430.00 1 Hitchcock, Clarlotte: Bessie Roxey DeKol: Gage a Dickey .................... 505.00 1’! Hitchcock. Charlotte: Goose Bay DeKol: . Come hock Peri: ............ 730.00 . lurlottc; Camry Ponthc Grant; III. 0. Aldrich. Fowlerrllle ......... . . 800.00 Jenkins A Son. Innsinr; Vets Veemsu Korndyke; R G. Stevenson. Detroit ......... 890.00 Deiry, Lake Odesss: Inks Side Lo Duchess; Dr. Crsbb ............ ... 00.0 Deity. lake Odessa: Camry Dex sync; Gage 8r. Dickey ................. 825.00 Dairy. Lake Odessa: Lakeside Longfleld DeKol. Stevenson Detr rito ........ 590.00 Dairy. L Odessa; Lo cld Korudyhe Yeoman Duchess: L. . Crab bh MWortb, '1‘ 50. Dairy, Lake Odessa: eedie Mercedes Mechthilde: G. Stevenson. Detroit ..... 2,175.00 Busi- & 6. Wood. Lake Odessa: Canary Johanna Nix]? Stortz & Benkholl. Le 1,300.00 Dairy. hke Odes: Woodie DeKol Beauty: Gage & Dickey ................ 605.0 . McDonough, Howell. Flint Hengerveld Crescent: Mneolfl Bros. South Lyons ..... 1,075.00 McDonouzh Howell; Houwtje Harte: Wayne; Gore .8 Dick ey ............. .. 635.00 -- ePherlon. Howell: Allslsdnle Pontisc; M11901! Bros. South Lyon ........... 625.0 llc Pherson, Howell; Ginny Msplcerest Column be: In. Esterkwesther, Nortbsme 220.00 McPherson, Howell: Ginny Colantha Centrilln: Gels s51): .......... . . . 910.00 lest Lansing: College Bel] Butter Len: Water & Buth. Gnnd Rapids ......... 8,250.00 -. list Lem: Pauline Houwtje Colmthe: W. G. Devidso n. Philadelphis ...... 000.00 . Katharina. Pauline Mutual Canary. W. G. Devidson ...... ........ ...... 75.0 - Setterh. Volley Pinert Pride- E. M. Home Borneon ...... . . . .. . .. 1,000.00 . use... a : x’. v.1. Dario]. 230:1) IMO ..... 575.00 -&et.8. :LlllianrkeSe Pieter; . . Phllsdehle....... 00. B ’ Line do 00. ............ : M W. ............ 15. IL Rising, Woodland; mm. Seals J Pontiac. M. D. But. Grand .. .. . . 610.00 Rummy. Hudson: Lady Concordia Korndyke DoKol' ..... . ..... . . . . . . . 400.00 Romney. Female; 0. o. Maser, he . . . ....... . . ...... . . . . . a. R. Rummy. Hudson. Gerster Concordia Fondue; One 3 . .. ....... . . ... 5.25.00 . Fowle . e Canary; H WM ................ 76. Bonus. Battle Creek. Wolverine Alice Coin; W. I; 8 Northfleld, Mmu. . . . 075 00 lo Creek; Wolverine noisy Pontiac: 0. O. loser. ellss ........... 25. Greek: om Korndyke: w. , Smith Greek . . 400.00 Bpntue. Battle Creek; Wolverine Alice Pietertjezn. H. Risa. Wayland ........ 530.00 Tobin, Album Imperial Juno Bell Sea/ls; W 8» Thunder; 0e ............ 00.0 Tobin. Allen-n; Imperial Daisy Sezis Wednsh: J. Kinkhnd. Tom mnernnee . ... 775.00 Tooley. Bonn; annulus e o . Davidson.B Philsd elph is . . . ... 820.00 E. Waters. Grand Rapids: Maryland Seals Bellewood Alex: 11.3 Both. Cometock Pk 575.00 E. Wotan. Gd. Rapids :Marylend Beg-ls Bellewood “$511153“ & 8011.90]. ds: tility Semis fienseneld; Gaze & Dickeym ----------- . n A. Yerington Ross; Flint Kaplccrest One. Butter Boy; Fred 1). Althea. iron; that snobs Vole Girl; w w. Mountain. D. Althea. Flint; Herjory DeKol lF'syne: W. W. Mountain, Jr. 8; F Kiss] Bib“ 1. :75.00 t. ................. 75.0 00 Colsnthe: R. G. Stevenson. Detroit ngggg Msson: Ccston Alexis aegis Poutisc: A. Black. mm Lens sss'oo t .................. 1, 500. 00 When you write any advertiser In our weekly will you mention the feet till you ere a render of When lumen Forming? They are friends ofour "309,100! N 1 YOU WANT THIS \VEEKLY IN YOUR SATURDAY BECAUSE— MAIL BOX EVERY -—-it brings you all the news hiding the plain facts. —-—it tells you when and where :5 what you raise! “t the ”93‘ Fri“- tor it is a practical paper written b y Miohiaen men close 1: Lbs sod. who with with their sleeves rolled up! to . — as a ways and will continue to s t or b - the interest of the business termed-tho! enfloggtrtett? of Michigan farming; new no matter whom else it helps or hurts! One Subscrlp- ONE YEAR. . . . . . .01 No Premiums, flon price THREE YEARS. . .027 No free-list. but worth toalll FIVE YEAB8....$3 nonethanwonlk. ”OHIGAN BUSINESS FARMING. Mt. Clemens, Inch. MFriemisz— ' KeepKB. F. coming to the addressbeiowfor........mtor fd-g‘which I enclose herewith $......... in money-order, M or currency. ' .Nm"...gosoceeosessence--eeeeeveeoee-eoeeseeI-eoeeee GOO... Poo.eel-0.0.1.00Aesooeeee-o.eeeoesese........ RF.” N“...-.. mel' THE fact that there are four different Saginaw Silos . ' » shows how thoroughly we are prepared to meet your silo requirements. Only e compeny with our resources and worming foolish csneifordtoplenenddevclopmchacompictelinc. Reginald- new Silo hubecn accepted as a standard of silo valor-proved by years of use. Substantial service is built into Saginaw Silosbycsrefnleclcctiu Tom" W. of materials and experienced and skilled workmanship. The “I Odin e edema-m established reputation of Saginaw Silos is your seem 0094001192011" getting permanent satisfaction from your silo. Stock Colander. , . ' ' . who. 55.. fl. Undoubtedly one of these Saginaw Silos rs Just what you went. Writs Dept. 12 fir Latest Silo Inhalation THE McCLURE COMPANY Cdrqminois Sqinew. Michigan Seahor-r Sfeeb Bum Steve and younger, from out o! 5 (State ”Id F040!“ W) splendid 34-11). son of the great YPSILANTI, MICH. KING KORNDYKE SADIE VALE. ~——-—~o~— IanurGar” Write Today for lsbeil’s 1920 Catalog Some v table gardens m their owusrs $100. 00 no returns for n pl spetnt. Thegod s_ coastint sourickeiof binwofit. ili‘lhey ensure 0 every y in e ome—o end oung n 52h” yield the finest vegetables end yield lots of tbeym. booms: theyercp ted with- 1:59 eed: A: 11:07 .hzne w lehello cordon-Pm Fortbeeeme thetpurebredcettlenro- dues thoroughbred (glaring. sofa?” oi sbell Seed is tested. In eseedssrenroducedintheN North whereeerii- them. Isbell’s ”.mo ouslitiesagle curriculum into kon see muggigmhowtoplentw end wheat to expectm from ice. Ashtoryouremy. loll mes. "locate-hue gnu-moon. ‘J ' "' r . 215 Innuen- FREE CATALOG COUPON Jackson. Itch. ‘ ..uJ-e'ous. “~218MMo8e..Jeebe-...l. W- I ”mm-mwmiflww .5 - m A “money” eARoEs -.Thekindthat~acmlly~mddhrs 43 years’ experience in originating testing and ' l sndflnwer wis behind - WM e uk’ 3‘ Four- Leaf Neule’ 3 seeds are vteu .ar vet Guns entec. 4“ growing power-which means biz crops and beautiful flowers. if“. ' ,ms MAULE seen BOOK . prices 176 me: oi illnetntcd' to- form on planting. and gird en— ine. Tells how and when to pleat -evcrytlnnc - need to know. Alot oi» . and lectures. Send For it Tod-g ((3:13 wee. may mow. the _ ...»...ue...‘ 5?: - 2.13 has sou... mu the beaut and durabilit , ' tilein thelgreston-llansingyi ’ och Our method of com Th dead-air aces test against extremes cm". . Fire Proof—Weather Proof The beautiful. even color of the l blocks lasts indefinitely. The steel high roof gives extra silage space. teolor 'iecbnte—oontin- nous doorway. e first cost is e only cost. rile or Colon H '1 gene and Prices. f I J. M. ‘Preeton Co. Dept. 404 Lansing. Mich. Factories at Uhrichsville, Ohio 8:13“. Ind.. and Ft. Dodge 1 I! l ," .. 1x“ ’ LET "STAN YOU-Ii HIDE. Horse or 00w hide. Calf or other skins with hair or fur on. and make them into coats ( for men and women), robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered. Your iureeeda will cost you less than to buy them and be worth more. x Our iiieemied catalo- gives a. lot of ‘ pay the freight both ways; b " sale dyeing process on cow :nguliors'; do; 33:31: :21?! other gins; about the tafldermy, etc. game ophies we sell. ‘ on we have reoentl t - other we call our Fashionybggk $1301.}; devoted to fashion plates of mufl’s inactive? and other-lilac fur garments: . p ces : a so gar-m um . sled and repaired. onto “1 You can have either book by send . '7 {311: correct address naming which. or ' th books if you need both. Address e Crash Frisian Fur C 571 Lyen’hva. ”chute-9?”. Y: ' x” 5 GREAT NOVELTIES c s. The glorious I ‘ crimson Wool- . '_ "one I recently intro- duced byushas succeeded ~ _ everywhere and proved .'x , to be the most show gar- - den annual. No! , 6 now have three new - . _' colors—pink. yellow and scarlet, aswellasorimson. All these colors mixed. 0 eta. per pkt. With each order we send 1 trial pkt. each of ‘ Glent Keel-is, most deoo- nngSI201‘age33nuufii s w pink, strict scarlehdglumed. eto.. mixed} to. Japan I .new hyb all colors. Magnificent. m {Damn-roe. sixth for garden or and our Big (sin. III for 20 eta. All flower and vegetable u m We 3:31, filalsi‘ti;fnd6:ew be‘ifliu' lye wP the fifels o as. snnns. r see. eon es Shrubs. 'Vines. Ferns. Peas. Astoria, Pansiesfnoétxl IAll il i at l , d to ll m Wuhfii‘im’bi‘inffis? 13‘3“ seesaw. owe 25 Cords oDey The om ”Condos werkoftm ' labs %%suy andprcdtafli'ilsgeghen octagon wood . ’ ' .in use. ' “mucou- trlel. Wampum. rite for Low Price. ,mAWA "36.00.. 181'!“ 3.. mules. -BOOK 0N DOG DISEASES And How to Feed Hailed free to any address by _ the Author is H. CLAY CLOVER C0., inc., “8 West 3lst Street, New York _,,clesn Out Business Farmers and Stockmon * , as general and local agents. in coun- , lies and townships where we are not now represented. ertaorca‘ii-ai once. (flu fix It" Lisa for Coma-via: Ant-s! Lift.) PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS. Loans Par! Esperanto! Sums, Grand Lady, Michigan. i Mostl’rofltablo chick- “ BREEDD ens. duets. mend-turn Fowl?“ whats? page it and catalog free. WI“ .uebie new I I. F. NEUIER‘I' Goals: m 60.2fl,gon account of a new school be- 8 built. My son-in-law has 60 acres with 3.500 debts on it. His valuation in 1918 was $3.100, with 345.00 school tax, and this Year (1919) his valuation was raised to $34.00, with ever 100.00 school tax and a total ‘tax 817 .00. The advice I would like to get is this: Have they a. right to raise the taxes on mortga ed farm to the same level as a man roe from debts—E. A. K., Eau Clair . Mich. Your tax is undoubtedly legal and according to law. It is the same ex- perience we all have. The great [crisis we have been going through has required more money and the taxpayers are the ones who have it to pay. There is no deduction from your assessment to be made by rea- son of any mortgage encumbrance. That was a law at one time but it was repealed some time ago—W. E. Brown, legal editor. ILLEGAL SALE A sells a farm to B on which is a pile of lumber whichis verbally reserved. B sells the farm to C's wife, telling C ini his wife's presence. that the lumber be- longs to A. C sells part of‘ the lumber and forbids A's re_moving the rest. Has A any redress? If so, how proceed?—A Subscriber, Millington, Mich. A has redress against C for the value of the lumber sold and may replevin the balance or he may hold C for the whole of the lumber if C has refused to give the lumber to him.——W. E. Brown, legal editor. REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE If there is nothing paid on a. real es- tate mortgage for a certain length of time. does it outlaw the same as a note? —Subscriber. Sanilao county. ' The statute provides: “When a recorded mortgage on lands or prop- erty has been paid and satisfied, or when fifteen years have elapsed since the debt secured by such mort- gage became due and payable, or since the last payment made there- on, and no suit or proceedings have been. institutted thereon to collect the same, the owner of the land or property may present a petition to the circuit court, etc.," and have an order entered discharging the same. ~+W. E. Brown, legal editor. RIGHTS OF STOCKHOLDERS Our Farmer’s Co-operative Elevator failed. I was among those who bought non-assessable stock. The directors threaten to assess our stock loo-per cent. to make up the loss. They claim there is a state law by which they can do this. Is it true that there is such a law? They have hired an attorney and have notified the stockholders for a hearing in about a month. Should we not hire an attor- ney? I for one will not pay unless I have to.—A Subscriber, Mt. Morris, Mich. There may be certain things that stockholders in a corporation are li- able for. It depends upon what claim they make against the stock- ' m. . #4 “find-q" «IV-” [9,181 LIVQ Stock Editor. M. 3. F1, ”3.010771605- cav r u u 1r lie “ in - 91‘1”“ Lugtae .(kgtgdi’ke $131111"e who if 3. “Sup of .. 5:3? g 1311ng Mfihighm Dame-Jersey Swine Breedere' Ass’ 11. East Lansiilz. Mich- HEREFOHDS 1:23;? Hgggglffilggo‘: “adnélgttiiiigg 5:“ 63:52 fronlAafe%Hg&ff1&~ :- h” - *1-. .'.a-... "mm. a." t». -..- a. - ”iv-n. .._11s\ .1... ....-—.....u..7..«..-us.7. "a . .7 .«s'... nep,-.éec . 3 7 ‘5 ‘4 " , 1